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# 4 The underlying functions

### Sections

1. Nilpotent Quotient Systems for invariant L-presentations
2. Attributes of L-presented groups related with the nilpotent quotient algorithm
3. The Info-Class InfoNQL

## 4.1 Nilpotent Quotient Systems for invariant L-presentations

For an invariantly L-presented group G, our algorithm computes a nilpotent presentation for G/gammac+1(G) by computing a weighted nilpotent quotient system for G/G' and extending it inductively to a weighted nilpotent quotient system for G/gammac+1(G).

In the NQL package, a weighted nilpotent quotient system is a record containing the following entries:

Lpres
  the invariantly L-presented group G.

Pccol
  `FromTheLeftCollector` of the nilpotent quotient represented by this quotient system.

Imgs
  the images of the generators of the L-presented group G under the epimorphism onto the nilpotent quotient Pccol. For each generator of G there is an integer or a generator exponent list. If the image is an integer int, the image is a definition of the int-th generator of the nilpotent presentation Pccol.

Epimorphism
  an epimorphism from the L-presented group G onto its nilpotent quotient Pccol with the images of the generators given by Imgs.

Weights
  a list of the weight of each generator of the nilpotent presentation Pccol.

  Definitions

  the definition of each generator of Pccol. Each generator in the quotient system has a definition as an image or as a commutator of the form [aj,ai] where aj and ai are generators of a certain weight. If the i-th entry is an integer, the i-th generator of Pccol has a definition as an image. Otherwise, the i-th entry is a 2-tuple [k,l] and the i-th generator has a definition as commutator [ak,al].

A weighted nilpotent quotient system of an invariantly L-presented group can be computed with the following functions.

- `InitQuotientSystem(` LpGroup`) O`

  computes a weighted nilpotent quotient system for the abelian quotient of the L-presented group LpGroup.

- `ExtendQuotientSystem(` QS`) O`

  extends the weighted nilpotent quotient system QS for a class-c quotient of an invariantly L-presented group to a weighted nilpotent quotient system of its class-c+1 quotient.

      gap> G := ExamplesOfLPresentations( 1 );
      <L-presented group on the generators [ a, b, c, d ]>
      gap> Q := InitQuotientSystem( G );
      rec( Lpres := <L-presented group on the generators [ a, b, c, d ]>,
        Pccol := <<from the left collector with 3 generators>>,
        Imgs := [ 1, [ 2, 1, 3, 1 ], 2, 3 ], Epimorphism := [ a, b, c, d ] ->
          [ g1, g2*g3, g2, g3 ], Weights := [ 1, 1, 1 ], Definitions := [ 1, 3, 4 ]
       )
      gap> ExtendQuotientSystem( Q );
      rec( Lpres := <L-presented group on the generators [ a, b, c, d ]>,
        Pccol := <<from the left collector with 5 generators>>,
        Imgs := [ 1, [ 2, 1, 3, 1 ], 2, 3 ],
        Definitions := [ 1, 3, 4, [ 2, 1 ], [ 3, 1 ] ],
        Weights := [ 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 ], Epimorphism := [ a, b, c, d ] ->
          [ g1, g2*g3, g2, g3 ] )

  ## 4.2 Attributes of L-presented groups related with the nilpotent quotient algorithm

  To avoid repeated extensions of a weighted nilpotent quotient system the largest known quotient system is stored as an attribute of the invariantly L-presented group. For non-invariantly L-presented groups (or groups which are not known to be invariantly L-presented) the known epimorphisms onto the nilpotent quotients are stored as an attribute.

- `NilpotentQuotientSystem(` LpGroup`) A`

  stores the largest known weighted nilpotent quotient system of an invariantly L-presented group.

      gap> G := ExamplesOfLPresentations( 1 );;
      gap> NilpotentQuotient( G, 5 );
      Pcp-group with orders [ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]
      gap> NilpotentQuotientSystem( G );
      rec( Lpres := <L-presented group on the generators [ a, b, c, d ]>,
        Pccol := <<from the left collector with 10 generators>>,
        Imgs := [ 1, [ 2, 1, 3, 1 ], 2, 3 ],
        Definitions := [ 1, 3, 4, [ 2, 1 ], [ 3, 1 ], [ 4, 2 ], [ 4, 3 ], [ 7, 1 ],
            [ 8, 2 ], [ 8, 3 ] ], Weights := [ 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5 ],
        Epimorphism := [ a, b, c, d ] -> [ g1, g2*g3, g2, g3 ] )
      gap> NilpotencyClassOfGroup( PcpGroupByCollectorNC( last.Pccol ) );
      5

- `NilpotentQuotients(` LpGroup`) A`

  stores all known epimorphisms onto the nilpotent quotients of LpGroup. The nilpotent quotients are accessible by the operation `Range`.

      gap> G:=ExamplesOfLPresentations( 3 );;
      gap> HasIsInvariantLPresentation( G );
      false
      gap> NilpotentQuotient( G, 3 );
      Pcp-group with orders [ 0, 2, 2, 2 ]
      gap> NilpotentQuotients( G );
      [ [ a, t, u ] -> [ g2, g1, g2 ], [ a, t, u ] -> [ g2, g1, g2 ],
        [ a, t, u ] -> [ g2, g1, g2 ] ]
      gap> Range( last[2] );
      Pcp-group with orders [ 0, 2, 2 ]

  The underlying invariant L-presentation has stored its largest weighted nilpotent quotient system as an attribute.

      gap> NilpotentQuotientSystem( UnderlyingInvariantLPresentation( G ) );
      rec( Lpres := <L-presented group on the generators [ a, t, u ]>,
        Pccol := <<from the left collector with 9 generators>>, Imgs := [ 1, 2, 3 ],
        Definitions := [ 1, 2, 3, [ 2, 1 ], [ 3, 2 ], [ 4, 1 ], [ 4, 2 ], [ 5, 2 ],
            [ 5, 3 ] ], Weights := [ 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3 ],
        Epimorphism := [ a, t, u ] -> [ g1, g2, g3 ] )

  ## 4.3 The Info-Class InfoNQL

  To get some information about the progress of the algorithm, one can use the info class `InfoNQL`.

- `InfoNQL`

  is the info class of the NQL-package. If the info-level is 1, the info-class gives further information on the progress of the nilpotent quotient algorithm for L-presented groups. The info-level 2 also includes some information on the runtime of our algorithm while the info-level 3 is mainly used for debugging-purposes. An example of such a session for the Grigorchuk group is shown below:

      gap> SetInfoLevel( InfoNQL, 1 );;
      gap> G:=ExamplesOfLPresentations( 1 );
      #I  The Grigorchuk group on 4 generators
      <L-presented group on the generators [ a, b, c, d ]>
      gap> NilpotentQuotient( G, 3 );
      #I  Class 1: 3 generators with relative orders: [ 2, 2, 2 ]
      #I  Class 2: 2 generators with relative orders: [ 2, 2 ]
      #I  Class 3: 2 generators with relative orders: [ 2, 2 ]
      Pcp-group with orders [ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]
      gap> SetInfoLevel( InfoNQL, 2 );
      gap> NilpotentQuotient( G, 5 );
      #I  Time spent for spinning algo:  0:00:00.004
      #I  Class 4: 1 generators with relative orders: [ 2 ]
      #I  Runtime for this step  0:00:00.028
      #I  Time spent for spinning algo:  0:00:00.008
      #I  Class 5: 2 generators with relative orders: [ 2, 2 ]
      #I  Runtime for this step  0:00:00.036
      Pcp-group with orders [ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

- `InfoNQL_MAX_GENS`

  this global variable sets the limit of generators whose relative order will be shown on each step of the nilpotent quotient algorithm, if the info-level of `InfoNQL` is positive.

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