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### Four-node plane strain element (CPE4 and CPE4R)

This element is very similar to the eight-node shell element. Figures 54 and 55 apply (just drop the middle nodes). The CPE4 and CPE4R elements are expanded into C3D8 and C3D8R elements, respectively. For more information on plane strain elements the reader is referred to the section on CPE8 elements.