## Tcl8.6.0/Tk8.6.0 Documentation > Tcl C API, version 8.6.0 > Method

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  NAME
    Tcl_ClassSetConstructor, Tcl_ClassSetDestructor, Tcl_MethodDeclarerClass, Tcl_MethodDeclarerObject, Tcl_MethodIsPublic, Tcl_MethodIsType, Tcl_MethodName, Tcl_NewInstanceMethod, Tcl_NewMethod, Tcl_ObjectContextInvokeNext, Tcl_ObjectContextIsFiltering, Tcl_ObjectContextMethod, Tcl_ObjectContextObject, Tcl_ObjectContextSkippedArgs — manipulate methods and method-call contexts
  SYNOPSIS
    #include <tclOO.h>
    Tcl_Method
    Tcl_NewMethod(interp, class, nameObj, isPublic,
    methodTypePtr, clientData)
    Tcl_Method
    Tcl_NewInstanceMethod(interp, object, nameObj, isPublic,
    methodTypePtr, clientData)
    Tcl_ClassSetConstructor(interp, class, method)
    Tcl_ClassSetDestructor(interp, class, method)
    Tcl_Class
    Tcl_MethodDeclarerClass(method)
    Tcl_Object
    Tcl_MethodDeclarerObject(method)
    Tcl_Obj *
    Tcl_MethodName(method)
    int
    Tcl_MethodIsPublic(method)
    int
    Tcl_MethodIsType(method, methodTypePtr, clientDataPtr)
    int
    Tcl_ObjectContextInvokeNext(interp, context, objc, objv, skip)
    int
    Tcl_ObjectContextIsFiltering(context)
    Tcl_Method
    Tcl_ObjectContextMethod(context)
    Tcl_Object
    Tcl_ObjectContextObject(context)
    int
    Tcl_ObjectContextSkippedArgs(context)
  ARGUMENTS
  DESCRIPTION
  METHOD CREATION
  METHOD CALL CONTEXTS
  METHOD TYPES
  TCL_METHODCALLPROC FUNCTION SIGNATURE
  TCL_METHODDELETEPROC FUNCTION SIGNATURE
  TCL_CLONEPROC FUNCTION SIGNATURE
  SEE ALSO
  KEYWORDS

### NAME

Tcl_ClassSetConstructor, Tcl_ClassSetDestructor, Tcl_MethodDeclarerClass, Tcl_MethodDeclarerObject, Tcl_MethodIsPublic, Tcl_MethodIsType, Tcl_MethodName, Tcl_NewInstanceMethod, Tcl_NewMethod, Tcl_ObjectContextInvokeNext, Tcl_ObjectContextIsFiltering, Tcl_ObjectContextMethod, Tcl_ObjectContextObject, Tcl_ObjectContextSkippedArgs — manipulate methods and method-call contexts

### SYNOPSIS

#include <tclOO.h>
Tcl_Method
Tcl_NewMethod(interp, class, nameObj, isPublic,
`` methodTypePtr, clientData)
Tcl_Method
Tcl_NewInstanceMethod(interp, object, nameObj, isPublic,
`` methodTypePtr, clientData)
Tcl_ClassSetConstructor(interp, class, method)
Tcl_ClassSetDestructor(interp, class, method)
Tcl_Class
Tcl_MethodDeclarerClass(method)
Tcl_Object
Tcl_MethodDeclarerObject(method)
Tcl_Obj *
Tcl_MethodName(method)
int
Tcl_MethodIsPublic(method)
int
Tcl_MethodIsType(method, methodTypePtr, clientDataPtr)
int
Tcl_ObjectContextInvokeNext(interp, context, objc, objv, skip)
int
Tcl_ObjectContextIsFiltering(context)
Tcl_Method
Tcl_ObjectContextMethod(context)
Tcl_Object
Tcl_ObjectContextObject(context)
int
Tcl_ObjectContextSkippedArgs(context)

### ARGUMENTS

Tcl_Interp *interp (in/out)
  The interpreter holding the object or class to create or update a method in.

Tcl_Object object (in)
  The object to create the method in.

Tcl_Class class (in)
  The class to create the method in.

Tcl_Obj *nameObj (in)
  The name of the method to create. Should not be NULL unless creating constructors or destructors.

int isPublic (in)
  A boolean flag saying whether the method is to be exported.

Tcl_MethodType *methodTypePtr (in)
  A description of the type of the method to create, or the type of method to compare against.

ClientData clientData (in)
  A piece of data that is passed to the implementation of the method without interpretation.

ClientData *clientDataPtr (out)
  A pointer to a variable in which to write the clientData value supplied when the method was created. If NULL, the clientData value will not be retrieved.

Tcl_Method method (in)
  A reference to a method to query.

Tcl_ObjectContext context (in)
  A reference to a method-call context. Note that client code must not retain a reference to a context.

int objc (in)
  The number of arguments to pass to the method implementation.

Tcl_Obj *const *objv (in)
  An array of arguments to pass to the method implementation.

int skip (in)
  The number of arguments passed to the method implementation that do not represent "real" arguments.

### DESCRIPTION

A method is an operation carried out on an object that is associated with the object. Every method must be attached to either an object or a class; methods attached to a class are associated with all instances (direct and indirect) of that class.

Given a method, the entity that declared it can be found using Tcl_MethodDeclarerClass which returns the class that the method is attached to (or NULL if the method is not attached to any class) and Tcl_MethodDeclarerObject which returns the object that the method is attached to (or NULL if the method is not attached to an object). The name of the method can be retrieved with Tcl_MethodName and whether the method is exported is retrieved with Tcl_MethodIsPublic. The type of the method can also be introspected upon to a limited degree; the function Tcl_MethodIsType returns whether a method is of a particular type, assigning the per-method clientData to the variable pointed to by clientDataPtr if (that is non-NULL) if the type is matched.

#### METHOD CREATION

Methods are created by Tcl_NewMethod and Tcl_NewInstanceMethod, which create a method attached to a class or an object respectively. In both cases, the nameObj argument gives the name of the method to create, the isPublic argument states whether the method should be exported initially, the methodTypePtr argument describes the implementation of the method (see the METHOD TYPES section below) and the clientData argument gives some implementation-specific data that is passed on to the implementation of the method when it is called.

When the nameObj argument to Tcl_NewMethod is NULL, an unnamed method is created, which is used for constructors and destructors. Constructors should be installed into their class using the Tcl_ClassSetConstructor function, and destructors (which must not require any arguments) should be installed into their class using the Tcl_ClassSetDestructor function. Unnamed methods should not be used for any other purpose, and named methods should not be used as either constructors or destructors. Also note that a NULL methodTypePtr is used to provide internal signaling, and should not be used in client code.

#### METHOD CALL CONTEXTS

When a method is called, a method-call context reference is passed in as one of the arguments to the implementation function. This context can be inspected to provide information about the caller, but should not be retained beyond the moment when the method call terminates.

The method that is being called can be retrieved from the context by using Tcl_ObjectContextMethod, and the object that caused the method to be invoked can be retrieved with Tcl_ObjectContextObject. The number of arguments that are to be skipped (e.g. the object name and method name in a normal method call) is read with Tcl_ObjectContextSkippedArgs, and the context can also report whether it is working as a filter for another method through Tcl_ObjectContextIsFiltering.

During the execution of a method, the method implementation may choose to invoke the stages of the method call chain that come after the current method implementation. This (the core of the next command) is done using Tcl_ObjectContextInvokeNext. Note that this function does not manipulate the call-frame stack, unlike the next command; if the method implementation has pushed one or more extra frames on the stack as part of its implementation, it is also responsible for temporarily popping those frames from the stack while the Tcl_ObjectContextInvokeNext function is executing. Note also that the method-call context is never deleted during the execution of this function.

### METHOD TYPES

The types of methods are described by a pointer to a Tcl_MethodType structure, which is defined as:

    typedef struct {
        int version;
        const char *name;
        Tcl_MethodCallProc *callProc;
        Tcl_MethodDeleteProc *deleteProc;
        Tcl_CloneProc *cloneProc;
    } Tcl_MethodType;

The version field allows for future expansion of the structure, and should always be declared equal to TCL_OO_METHOD_VERSION_CURRENT. The name field provides a human-readable name for the type, and is reserved for debugging.

The callProc field gives a function that is called when the method is invoked; it must never be NULL.

The deleteProc field gives a function that is used to delete a particular method, and is called when the method is replaced or removed; if the field is NULL, it is assumed that the method's clientData needs no special action to delete.

The cloneProc field is either a function that is used to copy a method's clientData (as part of Tcl_CopyObjectInstance) or NULL to indicate that the clientData can just be copied directly.

#### TCL_METHODCALLPROC FUNCTION SIGNATURE

Functions matching this signature are called when the method is invoked.

    typedef int Tcl_MethodCallProc(
            ClientData clientData,
            Tcl_Interp *interp,
            Tcl_ObjectContext objectContext,
            int objc,
            Tcl_Obj *const *objv);

The clientData argument to a Tcl_MethodCallProc is the value that was given when the method was created, the interp is a place in which to execute scripts and access variables as well as being where to put the result of the method, and the objc and objv fields give the parameter objects to the method. The calling context of the method can be discovered through the objectContext argument, and the return value from a Tcl_MethodCallProc is any Tcl return code (e.g. TCL_OK, TCL_ERROR).

#### TCL_METHODDELETEPROC FUNCTION SIGNATURE

Functions matching this signature are used when a method is deleted, whether through a new method being created or because the object or class is deleted.

    typedef void Tcl_MethodDeleteProc(
            ClientData clientData);

The clientData argument to a Tcl_MethodDeleteProc will be the same as the value passed to the clientData argument to Tcl_NewMethod or Tcl_NewInstanceMethod when the method was created.

#### TCL_CLONEPROC FUNCTION SIGNATURE

Functions matching this signature are used to copy a method when the object or class is copied using Tcl_CopyObjectInstance (or oo::copy).

    typedef int Tcl_CloneProc(
            Tcl_Interp *interp,
            ClientData oldClientData,
            ClientData *newClientDataPtr);

The interp argument gives a place to write an error message when the attempt to clone the object is to fail, in which case the clone procedure must also return TCL_ERROR; it should return TCL_OK otherwise. The oldClientData field to a Tcl_CloneProc gives the value from the method being copied from, and the newClientDataPtr field will point to a variable in which to write the value for the method being copied to.

### SEE ALSO

Class, oo::class, oo::define, oo::object

### KEYWORDS

constructor, method, object
Copyright © 2007 Donal K. Fellows