.=========================+==--.
|      TomeNET Guide      |
+=========================+-
| Latest update: 13. August 2013 - written by C. Blue, http://www.c-blue.de/
| for TomeNET version v4.5.4 - official websites are:
| http://www.tomenet.net/ (main site),
| http://koti.mbnet.fi/mikaelh/tomenet/ and http://www.c-blue.de/rogue.html
|
| IF YOU GOT THIS GUIDE WITH THE PROGRAM DOWNLOAD, IE IN A CLIENT ZIP FILE,
| THEN FIRST THING YOU SHOULD DO NOW IS GO TO www.tomenet.net AND DOWNLOAD THE
| LATEST COPY OF THIS GUIDE TO MAKE SURE YOU AREN'T LOOKING AT OUTDATED INFO!
|
| If your text editor cannot display the guide properly (needs fixed-width font
| like for example Courier), simply open it in any web browser instead.
+---
| Welcome to this guide!
| Although I'm trying, I give no guarantee that this guide
| a) contains really every detail/issue about TomeNET and
| b) is all the time 100% accurate on every occasion.
| Don't blame me if something differs or is missing; it shouldn't though.
|
| If you have any suggestions about the guide or the game, please use the /rfe
| command in the game or write to the official forum on www.tomenet.net.
\



Contents
--------
(0) Quickstart (If you don't like to read much :)
    (0.1)   Start & play
    (0.2)   Command reference & key sets
    (0.2a)  IRC bot commands
    (0.3)   Important inscriptions
    (0.3a)  The auto-inscription feature
    (0.4)   Typical slang/abbreviations
    (0.5)   Some hints and warnings (READ!)
(1) Introduction
    (1.1)   What is TomeNET? (Where can I get the latest sources?)
    (1.1a)  Where do I get in contact?
    (1.1b)  How do I set up IRC chat?
    (1.2)   What is a rogue-like game?
    (1.2a)  Where do I find more information about rogue-like games?
    (1.3)   Goal and progress of TomeNET players
    (1.3a)  Sauron, Morgoth and the Nazgul
    (1.3b)  How to encounter the final boss: Morgoth, Lord of Darkness
(2) Installation & setup
    (2.1)   Installing TomeNET
    (2.1a)  Installing sound and music packs
    (2.1b)  Audio controls and config options
    (2.1c)  Editing sound and music configuration
    (2.1d)  "Promoting" TomeNET on Steam ;)
    (2.2)   Starting TomeNET and getting to play on an internet server
    (2.3)   Client options
    (2.3a)  Client options configuration files
    (2.4)   Installing voice chat
(3) Creating a character & starting to play
    (3.1)   Creating a new character; character modes
    (3.2)   The display (user-interface)
    (3.2a)  The encumberment bar
    (3.3)   Behaviour, chat messages and chat modes
    (3.4)   Start-up equipment & how to use it
    (3.4a)  Item basics
    (3.4b)  Items that are always tradable
    (3.5)   Preparing the first time for fighting enemies
    (3.6)   Creating basic macros & inscribing items (IMPORTANT)
    (3.7)   Creating macros for ranged attacks & abilities (spells)
    (3.7a)  Ability codes [contained within (3.7)]
    (3.7b)  Quick'n'dirty macros
    (3.7c)  The macro wizard
    (3.7d)  Specifying directions and targets
    (3.8)   Example macro sets
    (3.9)   Macros with special keys
    (3.9a)  Creating a chat macro for your party
    (3.9b)  Alternative macros: Calling objects by their name
    (3.10)  Experience, level-ups and skill points
    (3.11)  Death, ghosts and looting
(4) The world
    (4.1)   Running, picking up items, fighting
    (4.1a)  Auto-retaliation
    (4.2)   Level and owner of items
    (4.3)   Dungeon and tower types
    (4.3a)  The jail
    (4.4)   Terrain
    (4.5)   Towns, shops, the dungeons
    (4.5a)  Shops
    (4.5b)  Towns & town dungeons
    (4.5c)  Dungeons
    (4.5c2) Eample dungeon depth relations
    (4.5d)  Dungeon bosses
    (4.6)   Pits and vaults
    (4.7)   Traps & trap kits
    (4.8)   Level & vault feelings
    (4.9)   Navigating on maps
    (4.10)  Houses
    (4.10a) Player stores
    (4.11)  Malicious effects players can suffer
    (4.11a) Drain effects
    (4.12)  Malicious effects monsters can suffer
    (4.13)  Quests and Events
    (4.14)  In-game time system
(5) Item and monster details
    (5.1)   Melee weapons, brands
    (5.1a)  Melee weapon types
    (5.2)   Ranged weapons, brands
    (5.2a)  Fire-till-kill mode
    (5.3)   Slaying vs brands
    (5.4)   Martial Arts, brands
    (5.5)   Weight of weapons and armour
    (5.6)   Resistances & caps, Immunities, Susceptibilities
    (5.7)   Qualitative classification of items, identifying & selling items
    (5.7a)  Types of Identification
    (5.8)   Special abilities of items
    (5.9)   What does item xxx do exactly?
    (5.9a)  Activatable items
    (5.9b)  Artifacts and artifact resets
    (5.10)  Destruction of items by elemental attacks
    (5.10a) Equipment damage from elemental attacks
    (5.11)  Monster attack mechanism, Armour Class, damage caps
    (5.12)  Monster attack types and brands
    (5.13)  Earthquakes
    (5.14)  Curses
    (5.15)  Vampirism
    (5.16)  Invisibility
    (5.17)  How abilities, resistances and boni stack
    (5.18)  Monster auras
    (5.19)  Experience-draining items
    (5.20)  Monster loot types
    (5.21)  Digging
    (5.21a) Digging - Exact calculation
    (5.21b) Digging - Common example values
    (5.21c) Digging - Further information
    (5.22)  Recharging
    (5.23)  Wraithform
(6) Character details
    (6.1)   Attributes
    (6.2)   Skills, opposed skills
    (6.2a)  Maiar skill modifications
    (6.3)   Abilities
    (6.4)   Races
    (6.5)   Classes/Professions, titles, melee blows/round
    (6.5a)  Start-up Blows/Round Table
    (6.6)   Sanity (or insanity..)
    (6.7)   Mimicry details
    (6.7a)  Polymorph rings
    (6.7b)  Druid form details
    (6.7c)  Useful low-level humanoid forms for weapon-using mimics
    (6.8)   Magic spells and prayers
    (6.8a)  Spell failure rate
    (6.8b)  Runes & Runemastery
    (6.8c)  Runespell tables
    (6.9)   Parties, Iron Teams, Guilds
    (6.9a)  Guild halls
    (6.10)  Magic Device skill/ability details
    (6.11)  Parrying and blocking
    (6.12)  Fighting/shooting techniques
    (6.13)  PvP mode
    (6.14)  Miscellaneous character properties
(7) Tactics & strategy
    (7.1)   Preparing the inventory for diving into the dungeon
    (7.2)   Preparing the equipment for diving into the dungeon
    (7.3)   Surviving critical situations
    (7.4)   Spoiler files
    (7.5)   Monster tactics
    (7.6)   Town/dungeon related hints
(8) Miscellanous
    (8.1)   'The Art Not To Die'
    (8.2)   Character dumps
    (8.3)   Golem creation
    (8.4)   Artifact creation
    (8.5)   Alternative ruleset 'Ironman Server'
    (8.5a)  Special server type 'Arcade Server'
    (8.6)   Troubleshooting



(0) Quickstart
==============

(0.1) Start & play
------------------
If you are using Linux, you will find additional information about how to
compile the game under '(2.1) Installing TomeNET'.

-Get the latest client from the project's main official site www.tomenet.net
 or from  http://koti.mbnet.fi/mikaelh/tomenet/getting-started.php (Mikael's
 site, which features a monster-search, and this nice introduction in pictures)
 and www.c-blue.de/rogue.html (my own site).
 The game client is named something like 'tomenet-???-client.zip', extract it
 to C:\TomeNET for example.

-Either run 'TomeNET-main.bat' to directly connect to official main server
 (recommended), or run TomeNET.exe and choose a server (Enter 85.118.45.235
 to connect to the official main server).
 NOTE: The official main server's hostname is "europe.tomenet.net",
       the meta server's hostname is "meta.tomenet.net" (the meta server is the
       server that presents you the list of actual game servers).

-Create a character, Half-Troll warrior is good for beginners.
 The server should now allow you to manually choose your stats.
 In case you chose a (Half-Troll) warrior, try this:
  STR 18/30, CON as high as possible, INT as low as possible,
  spare points into DEX, WIS or CHR.
 If you decided to play a paladin make sure you have at least DEX 10.
  In case you can't reach STR 18/30, go for STR 18/20 instead, which should
  give you 2 attacks with a war hammer, your starting weapon. Then increase
  CON and WIS as high as possible, INT as low as possible, spare points (you
  shouldn't have any ;) into CHR. (Paladins use WIS for casting spells.)
  If for some reason you can't even reach STR 18/20, at least go for STR 18/10,
  again DEX not below 10, then right after spawning in town discard the war
  hammer you start with and instead go buy a whip from store '3' (weapon store)
  or '4' (temple). This should give you a solid 2 attacks per round.
 If you decided to create a rogue, ensure that you have at least a STR of 15,
  and a pretty high DEX (the rogue's main stat) of 18/10. This will give you
  3 attacks per round when dual-wielding your light starter weapons.
  Rest goes into CON or INT (rogue's main stat for spell-casting).
 If you made a druid, put couple of points into all, DEX, STR and CON, and keep
  your WIS relatively high since it's important for druidic spell-casting.
 Explanation:
   CON affects your hit points, more CON -> more HP.
   STR (and DEX) determine your number of attacks per round. 18/30 in STR is
   enough to get 3 attacks per round with very light weapons, regardless of
   how you modify your DEX. To get the 3 blows per round (bpr) you'll need to
   sell your heavy sword and buy a light weapon (3.0 lb or less) like dagger
   or whip. That is more efficient than 1 or 2 bpr with your original sword!
   Later on when your character becomes more powerful you can switch back to
   heavier weaponry.
   Warriors don't really need INT so you should reduce it to spend the points
   on other attributes. WIS isn't really needed either, but it can be useful
   to endure sanity-reducing effects.
 (If you are new to the game, it is NOT recommended to choose one of these:
 Istar, Priest, Shaman, Adventurer.
 Details about how STR and DEX affect startup blows/round are given in (6.5a).)

-Make sure you DO NOT chose 'PvP' mode. It's a restricted special thing that
 has nothing to do with the normal gameplay at all! (See (6.13) for info).

-It's strongly recommended to not choose 'fruit bat' body either :).

 Now you're in the game and should see the town of Bree.

-To chat, press the colon key ':' . Don't hesitate to ask other players
 if you have any problems with getting started.
 (For details about chat features see (3.3).)

-To run, press SHIFT + <direction key> where direction keys are on
 the number pad 7,8,9, 4,6, 1,2,3. Running often requires that
 Numlock is turned off (press the 'Num' key above your number key pad on the
 right side of your keyboard, so the green light is off).
 If SHIFT+<direction> doesn't work on your system, you can press the dot '.'
 followed by a direction key. (If you use rogue-like keys, see section (0.2)!)
 You can also use the arrow keys to move, but the numpad is better since it
 allows you to move diagonally too, which is very important.

-You can wear/wield your armour/weapons by pressing 'w' and choosing them
 from your inventory which is displayed in the bottom right window.

-You can pick up items if you stand on them and press 'g'. Items that are
 especially valuable in the beginning are magic wands and staves, so make sure
 to pick those up, identify them with a scroll of identify, and sell them to
 the magic shop in town.

-You can drop items with 'd' or destroy items with 'k'.

-You can enter stairs down/upwards by standing on them and pressing the
 corresponding key '<' or '>'.

-You can press '?' to get an in-game help about keys and commands.

-Nearby the town there's often a 'training tower' which is a good place
 to start because if you die there nothing will happen except a slight
 loss of experience and gold. Ask people where the dark-green '<' symbol
 (the tower entrance) is found. Usually to the lower-right of the town centre.

-If you die outside of the training tower you will usually turn into a ghost.
 This ghost cant wear any items, so it's a good idea to care about being
 revived. To get revived, either visit the temple in town (it's a green '4')
 or ask another player to read a 'Scroll of Life' while standing next to you.
 While you're a ghost you can freely float up/down by pressing '<' and '>'.

-If you have any parchments like 'Guide to Middle Earth' or 'The Gazette' in
 your inventory (bottom right window) you should read those by pressing 'r' to
 read.

-If your character gains a new level it also gains skill points. To distribute
 those, invoke the skill screen with 'G'. (See 3.10, 6.2 and 7.5.)

-If you don't like your character and want to delete it, you may commit
 suicide by pressing SHIFT+q or CTRL+k and double-confirming the following
 questions with 'y' and '@'.

-To drop items, privately chat with other players, or advance beyond a certain
 level you will need an admin to 'validate' your account.
 Usually, all you have to do is to keep playing/stay online for a bit until an
 admin logs in, notices that you are new, and validates your account.
 If that doesn't seem to happen, ask an admin directly, when you see one
 chatting (Admin's names are displayed in dark blue in the chat).
 If the server's intro screen mentions to send an email to an admin, try that
 and specify your account name in it.

-Press '@' key to see a list of players who're currently online. Note that a
 yellow '(I)' before a name stands for 'invalid', and means that this player
 is still awaiting account validation by an admin.
 Also, if a grey '(O)' is in front of a player name, it means that player is
 using an outdated client. It's very important to keep your client up to date!
 If another player's character level is displayed in light blue colour, that
 means he is within sensible level range of you to form a party! Press SHIFT+P
 for party menu. One of you has to create the party and add the other one.

-Note that your character's "speed" may change. Speed is the factor telling you
 how fast your character can move, fight or perform any other kind of action.
 If your character's speed gets increased (for example by drinking a potion of
 speed) you will see a green indicator (for example 'Fast +10') at the bottom
 line of the main window.
 If your character loses speed, for example by carrying around too many heavy
 items in your inventory, you will see a light brown indicator (for example
 'Slow -3') at the bottom line instead.

It is recommended that you continue reading at (3.2) now,
or glance at (7.3) first ;)



(0.2) Command reference & key sets
----------------------------------
Can be different depending on OS / configuration.

Keys:
The first key is of the 'original Angband key set', the second key is of the
'rogue-like' key set. Some people prefer to use that one. You can change it
in the options menu, which you invoke with '=' key.


Walk into a direction:
    Original key set        Rogue-like key set      Rogue-like (running)
        7   8   9               y   k   u               Y   K   U
        4       6               h       l               H       L
        1   2   3               b   j   n               B   J   N

You can also use the arrow keys instead of the Numpad keys for movement.
(Pressing '5' will make your character try and pick up an item, same as
pressing 'g').

SHIFT+<direction key>
        runs into that direction. Numlock must probably be turned off,
        depending on your system. (Numlock is the key labeled 'Num' above the
        number key pad on the right side of your keyboard. A green lamp
        usually indicates whether it is on or off.)
        You can also run by pressing the dot '.' followed by a direction key.

;       ;       The 'walk' command, it allows you to walk one step. This is not
                really needed for anything usually, since you can just press
                the directional keys given above instead for walking.

i       i       display your inventory. You can then press SHIFT + inventory
                slot letter to paste that item name into chat.
                You can also type \\<slot letter> shortcut in chat to paste an
                item right into some text you are writing, eg "\\a" for the
                item in your inventory slot 'a)'.

e       e       display your equipment. You can then press SHIFT + equipment
                slot letter to paste that item name into chat.
                You can also type \\<capital slot letter> shortcut in chat to
                paste an item right into some text you are writing, eg "\\A"
                for the item in your equipment slot 'a)'.

I       I       inspects an item, showing its special abilities in case it
                has some. To examine an item you must either have bought it
                from a shop or *identified* it. Mages can learn *ID* spell
                "Greater Identify", some shops offer *ID* service, or you can
                use a scroll of *identify*. If the item hasn't been
                *identified* yet, you will only see basic information.
                See (5.7) for more information about ID, *ID* and shops!
                If you examine weapons, it always tells you the weapon class
                (sword/blunt/axe/polearm) as well as if it's 1-, 2- or
                1,5-handed.

w       w       wear/wield an item from your inventory (weapons, armour,
                ammunition, tools, rings, amulets, etc).

W       W       wear/wield an item, same as 'w', but tries to use the second
                available slot in case two inventory slots are both egligible.

t       T       take off an item.

x               swap an item. This is basically like both "wear/wield" and
                "take off" in one command. This makes only sense if it is used
                with an item that has been _inscribed_ accordingly, for example
                "@x4":
                When the item is currently in the inventory, it will be
                equipped. If it already is equipped though, then it will be
                taken off.

q       q       quaff a potion.

r       r       read a scroll.

E       E       eat. (Draconians can eat firestones to gain temporary special
                abilities, see (5.9). Players in dragon form can eat them too.)

F       F       fuel your light source.
                Use oil for lanterns, and torches to fuel another torch.

f       t       fire ammo from your quiver.

v       v       throw an item from your inventory.

b       (P)     browse (peruse) a book.

m       m       activate a skill (ie cast a magic spell, lay a trap, use an
                ability, use a technique, polymorph into a monster form or
                back to normal, cast a monster-spell while polymorphed,
                enter a combat stance).

a       z       use (aim) a magic wand.

z       a       use (zap) a magic rod.

u       Z       use a magic staff.

g       g       pick up an item from the floor. You have to stand on the item
                to do that. You can also pick up an item by pressing '5' on
                the number pad while numlock is turned off. Gold is always
                picked up automatically.

C       C       see a character overview.

L       W       look around your current sector/floor (use direction keys).

M       M       display either the world map if you're not in a town or in a
                dungeon, otherwise display a minimap of the town or of your
                currentl dungeon level.
                If you want to see the world map while you're in town or in
                the dungeon, press ~ and choose "Wilderness map" there.
                You can scroll around the map via directional keys.

s       s       search adjacent fields, objects or walls for hidden traps or
                doors.

S       #       enter 'search mode'. You will search your adjacent fields once
                each turn. If you stand next to a room and you want to find
                its hidden door, turn this on and run along its walls until
                you find it.

V       V       enter 'cloaking mode'. This can only be used by rogues.
                It will take a couple of turns to perfectly cloak your
                physical appearance and body warmth pattern, after which you
                will be completely invisible to monsters who use normal sight
                or infra-vision.
                Only a few monsters who are able to utilize ESP (telepathy) or
                have especially powerful detection will still notice you.
                Those are eyes, angels, Nazgul, nether guards, and unique
                monsters which are both smart and powerful at once.
                Taking damage (HP/sanity/experience), attacking, casting
                spells, reading scrolls, tunneling, bashing, picking up/
                opening/closing/dropping/destroying things, using
                wands/staves/rods, activating items, or any other action that
                causes noticable noise immediately breaks cloaking!
                Auto-retaliation is disabled while cloaked, except for the
                Stormbringer (which will break the effect of course).
                Cloaking will also increase your searching, greatly increase
                your stealth, but decrease your speed. Sneakiness skill may
                very slightly reduce the decrease.
                Note: Cloaking has no effect on shoplifting; it breaks on
                entering any shop.
                Note: Although ESP is supposed to detect cloaked targets, for
                now it's still set to override ESP of other players for the
                sake of PvP usage, similar to invisibility.
                (Also see (5.16) for details on 'normal' invisibility.)

A       A       activate an item. Usually an artifact, a dragon scale mail or
                a ring of polymorphing (shapechanging).

T or +  +       tunnel (dig) through an obstacle or a wall.

R       R       rest. Your hit points, mana and stamina will regenerate faster
                while resting.

o       o       open something.

c       c       close something.
c   while in a store:
                Paste an item name, its price and the store symbol into chat,
                in case you want to tell other players about it.
                You can also type \\\<slot letter> shortcut in chat to paste an
                item right into some text you are writing, eg "\\\a" for the
                first item on the store page you are currently looking at.

d       d       drop an item.

$       $       drop some gold. You can use 'k' and 'm' for thousands or
                millions, example: 3k -> drops 3000. 2m -> drops 2000000.

D       D       disarm a trap. This yields experience points, depending on the
                trap type. (Note that you won't get experience points for
                disarming traps via magic spells or magic devices.)
                Also see (4.7) for details about traps.

k       CTRL+D  destroy an item. (Note that artifacts are indestructible.)

G       G       skills screen.

B       f       bash/force something (ie a stuck door).

l       x       look at a player/monster/object (use direction keys for
                targetting). Similar to targetting, while looking you can press
                'p' to switch to manual cursor positioning, allowing you to
                look at a specific grid, then press 'l' again to confirm.
                (Unimportant side note: The look command also sets the entity
                you are currently looking at as your target, even if it would
                not make much sense because you are for example just looking at
                another player who isn't even hostile towards you.
                This means that you will aim at the entity you looked at in
                case the '*t' command is unable to acquire a new valid 'real'
                target when you use a ranged attack that requires a target.
                This behaviour has no real effect on gameplay though it just
                looks odd in those rare cases it happens :-p.)

j               attempt to steal from players (not recommended!).

U       O       use undead powers (use this if you died and became a ghost).
                Using these will drain your experience. If you ran out of
                experience points, your ghost fades away (= you character will
                be completely erased).
                NOTE: Undead powers are currently not available.

CTRL+S          spike a door (using iron spikes, the door will be jammed).

p       p       Concentrate on opening your mind for telekinesis.
                ("You open your mind.." and "You close your mind.")
                You need to open your mind in order to receive items from
                other players by telekinesis. If you are not concentrating,
                they will receive an according message, telling them that
                using telekinesis on you is currently not possible.
                Hit 'p' again to stop concentrating and close your mind.
                Certain spells of the mindcrafter class might also require
                players in the same party to open their minds in order to work
                or to affect them as intended.

h               sell/buy a house or change house parameters. See (4.10).

P       O       party screen. Form/disband/modify a party with other players
                here. In a party you will share experience points if you are
                within 7 character levels to each other and on the same
                dungeon/tower level respectively the same worldmap/wilderness
                sector. See (6.9) for details!
                For winners (queens/kings/empresses/emperors) the range is 11
                levels instead of 7.

SPACE   Stop executing repeatable actions such as searching, tunnelling or
        disarming traps. Also stops fire-till-kill.

< or >  go upstairs/downstairs. Press '>' to use a void gate (violet '+').
        Void jump gates teleport you to their counterpart and vice versa giving
        you a message "You fall into the void. Brrrr! It's deadly cold.".
        Draconians can get harmed by using void jump gates, see (6.4).
        If you take staircases up/down, you'll receive the 'stair GoI' buff,
        see (0.4) for details on that.

{       inscribe an item.

}       remove inscription from an item.

/       in general, use an item (combines q,r, etc..).
        This can be useful if you run out of macros for a specific action,
        for example if you already use @m0...@m9 and still have more spell
        books/scrolls in your inventory, you can inscribe the remaining ones
        @/0...@/9. Or you could create a macro *t/0- and bind it to a certain
        key, and then inscribe a useful wand or staff @/0 without having to pay
        attention to whether you're currently using a wand or staff there (or
        rod, of course), as a sort of 'special power button', for example a
        staff of slow monsters (very handy at low levels) or a wand of light
        to kill orcs, jellies, and other light-sensitive critters.
        Note that in the spell book example above, you could of course just use
        call-by-name instead so you won't need any inscriptions at all (3.9b) !

~       display further information of your character.
        Point (3) here is especially helpful for mimics:
        The number shown in round brackets before each monster name is the
        number they have to enter for their 'Polymorph self into..' ability!

@       displays a list of players currently on the server.
        Note that a yellow '(I)' before a name stands for 'invalid', and means
        that this player is still awaiting account validation by an admin.
        Also, if a grey '(O)' is in front of a player name, it means that
        player is using an outdated client. It's very important to keep your
        client up to date! (Same command as ~a)
        If another player's character level is displayed in light blue colour,
        that means he is within sensible level range of you to form a party!
        Press SHIFT+P for party menu. One of you has to create the party and
        add the other one.

%       edit your macros.

&       edit your auto-inscriptions.

=       edit your preferences.
        Most important entries here are..
        User Interface Options:
            "Rogue-like commands" will change your keyboard layout to
                the original Rogue key definitions.
            "Flicker messages in recall" will allow you to see animated
                messages in the bottom left window (message history).
            "Always show lists in item/skill selection" will always show a
                list of possible choices if you use commands that require you
                to make a selection from a list of choices.
            A lot of audio options; note that on systems where the /page
            command won't produce a native beep sound, you can enable sound
            system paging instead here! (Of course you can also enable it on
            all other systems too, which might be nicer than the system beep).
        Game-Play Options:
            "Set 'AFK' mode automatically" will set you afk after some
                minutes of inactivity.
            "Automatically open doors" makes your character try to open a door
                just by moving towards it.
            "Automatically disarm traps" makes your character try to disarm a
                trap just by stepping onto it.
            "Automatically tunnel walls" makes your character tunnel through a
                wall just by moving towards it.
            "Scroll the screen more frequently" helps to avoid death by
                attacks that came from off-screen. However, this option can be
                a bit irritating.

:       type a chat message. To whisper privately, enter <player>:<text>
        You can also enter a slash command here.
        Press TAB to cycle between different chat modes, such as party-chat.
        For details about chat features see (3.3).
        For details about slash commands, see further below in this paragraph.
        There is also a /say command for talking to players nearby, and a
        /shout command for waking up monsters! See further below.

'       lets you peek at the equipment of party members or players within
        sight.

#       displays the high scores (same as ~c).
        (Note: If you press this while browsing any text you can jump to a
        line number of your choice.)

|       displays the unique monster list (same as ~1).

X       quickly swap between two equippable items. They must be inscribed
        '@x0'. (It's basically just the macro 'x0' bound to shift+x key.)

_       Two uses, regarding a) fountains or b) item piles:

        a) Main: Drink from a fountain. You must be standing on the fountain.
        Fountains can have good/bad/no effects. There is no fountain of death,
        neither one of detonations, so you won't get instakilled.
        If you see a message 'You feel less thirsty' that means the fountain
        was just plain water. A message 'You have quenched your thirst' means
        that the fountain had no effect on you, although it wasn't water.
        (Same as /sip command.)
        Fountains cannot have effects of potions which are of higher level than
        the dungeon level where the fountain is.

        b) Secondary: If you press _ while standing on an item or a pile of
        items, you will get a message what item is currently below your feet.

?       invoke an in-game help screen

!       look at the in-game bulletin board. Players can write lines of text to
        it by using the /bbs <text> command.

K       forcibly combines a level 0 item in your inventory with other items of
        the same type that aren't level 0. Be warned, that this will change the
        level of all the items involved to 0.

CTRL+P  view previous messages.
        Note: You can also press this when in chat prompt, to cycle backward
        through lines that you previously typed (also see CTRL+N).

CTRL+O  view previous chat messages.

CTRL+X  save your character & quit the game. (You should do this in town!)
        This also automatically saves some settings, like window positions on
        MS-Windows, or mixer settings (CTRL+U to change), and you will be asked
        to save a chat log.
        Note that if you exit the game just by clicking on the 'x' button in
        the game window's titlebar, these extra features will be skipped, and
        any changes in settings or window positions will be discarded.

Q or CTRL+K
        lets your character commit suicide (permanently deletes it!).
        Characters who suicide won't drop items except for artifacts (if the
        server has ANTI_ARTS_HOARD enabled then no item at all will be
        dropped), nor will they keep the level static as it happens on a
        normal 'final death' (see (3.11) for details about static levels).

CTRL+R  redraw the screen (do this if it's messed up for some reason).
 (/refresh, /ref)

CTRL+T  take a screen shot. See /screenshot command below.

TAB or CTRL+I
        displays lag-o-meter.

CTRL+U  Displays/exits the audio mixer settings. (Also see (2.1a).)

CTRL+C  Toggles music. (Shortcut for toggling it in the mixer settings.)

CTRL+N  Toggles audio. (Shortcut for master toggle in the mixer settings).
        Note: If you press this while in chat prompt, you can cycle forward
        through lines you previously typed (also see CTRL+P).
Note: Mixer settings are saved automatically, provided you use CTRL+X to quit.
(Compare troubleshooting section (8.6), problem 21.)

^       Allows to enter a CTRL character as command.

\       Enter a command, bypassing the client's key map.
        Also allows to enter ^ next to enter a CTRL character as command.

)       Clears the command buffer of pending key presses (used in macros).

*       Initiates targetting a monster, hostile player or location
        (used in macros).

(       Initiates targetting a friendly player (used in macros).
        (Currently targets the most hurt player who is in your party, or the
        most wounded player in general if you aren't in a party.)

There are also some commands that can be entered with ':' like a chat line.
They all start with a slash '/' hence they're called slash commands:

/help       get a help about slash-commands.

/afk        toggle AFK (away from keyboard) mode if you have to take a
            quick break from playing. If your character is currently on the
            blacklist of merchants (because you got caught stealing from a
            shop!) your blacklist timer won't decrease while you're AFK!
            Note that your character won't need to consume food while afk _IF_
            you are not already 'hungry' or even 'weak' from a lack of food!
            All other timed effects will continue to be processed (like
            magical effects such as haste/slowness/hallucination, pseudo-ID or
            wearing off of temporary stat drain from traps) and eventually
            wear off, _except_ for blacklist timer from being caught by a shop
            owner on attempting to steal.
            Also, other players cannot switch places with you by moving into
            you, use teleportation or word-of-recall on you, infect you with
            black breath by bumping into you, steal from you, form a blood bond
            with you or attempt to polymorph you while you are afk.

/afk <msg>  You can specify a reason that will be displayed to the other
            players, so they know why you are currently AFK or when you will
            be back.

/bbs <text>
            Add a line of text to the in-game bulletin board system. Players
            can look at the board by pressing the '!' key.
            (You can verify or compare the date with the /time command.)
            If <text> is omitted, the current BBS contents will be shown, same
            as using the '!' key.

/pbbs <text>    Same usage as /bbs, but only readable/writable for party
                members. So it's a party-internal BBS.
                To read its contents, type /pbbs without any <text>.

/gbbs <text>    Same usage as /bbs, but only readable/writable for guild
                members. So it's a guild-internal BBS.
                To read its contents, type /gbbs without any <text>.

/convertexclusive    Attempts to convert your current character into a
                     slot-exclusive character (either PvP-mode or IDDC aka
                     Ironman Deep Dive Challenge). Warning: This process is NOT
                     REVERSIBLE! To attempt to convert your character, type:
                     /convertexclusive <your-character-name>
                     for example:
                     /convertexclusive Gandalf

/coin       Flip a coin to get either heads or tails.
            The result is random and can be seen by other players who stand
            nearby.

/deal       Deals a card (completely random).
            The result is random and can be seen by other players who stand
            nearby.

/dice       Roll some dice, you must specify a number of dice from 1 to 100.
            The result is random and can be seen by other players who stand
            nearby.

/dis        DESTROYS every item in your inventory that has one of these
 (/dispose) inscriptions: terrible, cursed, uncursed, broken, worthless,
            average, good. Works only on items that actually can be destroyed.
            Skips 'flavoured' items that are not known to you yet (example:
            'a blue potion {+,?}' or 'a malachite ring {+,?}').
            Skips items which 
            inscription contains more than a pseudo-ID tag.
            Also see /tag and /untag. Note that artifacts cannot be destroyed.

/dis a      DESTROYS items like '/dis', and additionally destroys all items that
            have no inscription at all.
            Also see /tag and /untag.

/dis b      DESTROYS items like '/dis a' does, but skips identified ego items.
            It also skips exploding ammo, although it isn't really an ego item.

/dis f      DESTROYS the item on the floor you're standing on provided it is
            not inscribed in any way, and tells you about the next item below
            that.

/dis fa     DESTROYS an item like '/dis f', even if it has an inscription.

/dis fb     DESTROYS an item like '/dis fa', but skips identified ego items.
            It also skips exploding ammo, although it isn't really an ego item.

/dr [tag]   Without tag it equips all items in your inventory that are: not
(/dress)    cursed, not {worthless}, not {terrible}, known to you.
            With tag it just equips all items that contain that tag in their
            name or inscription somewhere (even if they are cursed).

/bed        Opposite of /dress.
 (/naked)

(The /empty function is currently disabled)
/empty <inventory slot>
            Empty a potion from your inventory, leaving an empty bottle.
            Example: /empty c   (if you have 'c) 3 potions of boldness', one
            will be emptied and 2 remain at 'c) 2 potions of boldness'.))

/evinfo     Displays information about all ongoing events.

/evinfo <#>
            Displays information about the specific event number #.
            Note: If you log out, your sign-up is cancelled automatically.

/evsign <#>
            Signs you up for the event number #.
            Depending on the event, you might need to specify additional
            parameters after the number. If that is the case, you'll see
            a message telling you so, and speficying details what's missing.
            Note: If you log out, your sign-up is cancelled automatically.

/ex or /examine or /extra
            Gives you detailed information about your character's status, such
            as how many actions you may perform per turn.

            A turn is a basic server timing unit, which for example is used to
            display the amount of fuel in your light source, or which will make
            you suffer poison damage each on each turn that passes if you're
            poisoned.
            Turns pass slower on deeper dungeon levels to make up for increased
            monster and player speed, keeping the game playable in real-time,
            see (4.14) for details.
            (Note that the server also has a type of internal turn counter,
            which counts a different sort of turns, one each frame. Usually,
            the server will run at 100 fps, so these turns pass much faster.
            It might be a bit confusing that both these units are just called
            'turns' although they don't correlate, but you won't really have to
            worry about internal turns at any point, only the 'character turns'
            are of any importance and noticable by your character, for example,
            as mentioned above, when you're poisoned, suffering from a cut,
            waiting for your blacklist to run out, or any other matters.)

            Additionally, /ex will also display the following information:
            - how many resurrections you have left, if you are a normal-mode
              character;
            - which of your auras are currently active (if you have points in
              the corresponding aura skills);
            - extremities your current monster form possesses (if you're
              transformed into a monster form at the moment). This can be
              helpful to figure out what types of items you may equip while in
              this form.
            - forms you have learned if you're a druid, and their according
              polymorph codes so you don't have to look them up in (6.7b) if
              you forgot them;
            - pvp kills;
            - the in-game time and date, and whether it is day or night.
              (Note: If you want to know the server real-life time, use /time.)
            - how much more gold you may pick up before your character will
              automatically receive 1 experience point (to limit the amount
              of cash you can pick up before participating in certain events,
              such as Highlander Tournament or Ironman Deep Dive Challenge).

/exit       Leaves the game, same as pressing CTRL+X.
 (/leave,/quit)

/fe         Repeat the level feeling. See (4.8) for more information.
 (/feeling)

/fill       fill an 'Empty Bottle' in your inventory with the water from a
            fountain. You must stand on the fountain to do this.

/ftkon or /ftkoff
            Enables or disables fire-till-kill mode (see (5.2a)).
            Alternatively, you can toggle it in 'm' menu.

/gleave     Leaves your guild. Same as pressing 'SHIFT+P' and 'd'.
 or /gquit

/guild_adder <name of another player>
            Allows that player permanently to add other players to the guild
            too. Use the command a second time to revoke his rights again.

/guild_cfg [<flag> [<value]]
            Shows you your current guild configuration and allows you to change
            it.

/hou        Displays your houses, same as ~6.
 (/house)

/ig <player name>
 (/ignore)  ignores all chat messages from the specified player. (Toggle)
            Also silences all paging attempts from that player.

/ic         ignore all normal chat messages which are neither private messages
 (/ignchat) nor party messages. ('Private mode' will be displayed after the
            player's name in the player overview screen which can be invoked
            by pressing '@', indicating that this player currently cannot read
            normal chat messages.)

/info <msg>
            Sets an informative message that is displayed to other players in
            '@' screen, similar to an afk-message, except this message is
            displayed when you're not afk.
            For example do:  /info Want to team up for Mordor!
            If you type /info without a message, it clears your info message.

/leave      Leaves the game, same as pressing CTRL+X.
 (/exit, /quit)

/lite a..w  Refills your light source with an item from your inventory.
            Usually it's easier to just press 'F' instead.

/mar        Tells a prayer-user if he may use the prayer 'Martyrdom'.
 (/martyr)

/me         Write an emote. Example: /me hides.

/mon <monster character>
            Same as going to ~ menu and selecting 'Monsters':
            Will show your kill count of all matching monsters.
            Example: /mon D  ->  shows your greater dragons kill count.

/motd       Shows the current server notes that are displayed at login.
 (/snotes)

/news       Shows the login screen, same as ~f, but in monochrome.

/note <account name>:<text>
            Leave a note to another player. Note: You have to specify his
            ACCOUNT NAME, not a character name. That way, no matter which of
            his characters he chooses to logon, he always gets the note.
/notec <character name>:<text>
            Like /note command, except you specify a character name.
            The receipient will actually get the note even if he logs on with
            the 'wrong' character!
/note <account name>
            Delete all pending notes that were addressed to that player.
/notes      Display all pending notes that you wrote to other players.

/pnote <text>
            Leave a note to the party you own.
            If <text> is omitted, it will display the current note.
            If <text> is just an '*' char, it will erase the current note.

/gnote <text>
            Leave a note to the guild you own.
            If <text> is omitted, it will display the current note.
            If <text> is just an '*' char, it will erase the current note.

/obj        Displays all objects known to you, same as ~4.
 (/object)

/page <player-name>     Sends beeps to that player to help you getting his
                        attention. (Using /ignore on a player will also
                        prevent getting paged by him.)
                        If you're on Linux and not hearing the page sounds,
                        see problem 19 in the troubleshooting section (8.6).

/paint      (Also available by pressing 'h' for house menu.)
            Use a potion in your inventory to paint your house entrance in a
            similar colour. The potion is used up in the process. A potion of
            water removes the paint again.
            Painting your house can be useful for example to mark it for others
            to see that you run a player store. Further, you could choose the
            colour to indicate the type of items you offer, for example red
            for magic items similar to the red '6' town store.
            Note that players of incompatible character mode (everlasting vs
            non-everlasting) won't see each other's house paint.
            (See (4.10a) for more information about player stores.)

/play       Join/leave a mini-game (such as rugby on the field in Bree).
            Will at some point in the future be absorbed by /evsign and
            thereby become obsolete.

/pleave     Leaves your party. Same as pressing 'SHIFT+P' and '5'.
 or /pquit

/pstore     (Also available by pressing 'h' for house menu.)
            Attempts to enter a player store next to you, even if it's your own
            house. So this command is good for 'testing' your own store.
            Usually you simply enter another player's store by trying to enter
            his house, which will preset you with the store screen.
            (See (4.10a) for more information about player stores.)

/pvp        Carries you into/out of the PvP arena. Only usable by pvp-mode
            chars. See (6.13) for details about PvP mode.

/que        gives a quest! It needs to be fulfilled before a certain period
 (/quest)   of time passes (continues to expire even while not logged on).
            The player who completes it gets a random item as reward. It will
            appear in your inventory and carry an inscription indicating
            it's the quest reward. (See (4.13) for more info.)

/quit       Leaves the game, same as pressing CTRL+X.
 (/exit, /leave)

/rec -550   recalls you to -550ft, using an item inscribed {@R}.
/rec 32 32  recalls you to Bree (Town at 32,32 world map coordinates),
 (/recall)  using an item inscribed {@R}. See "(0.3) Important Inscriptions"
            for more info about Word of Recall.

/ref        redraw the screen (do this if it's messed up for some reason).
 (/refresh, or simply hit CTRL+R)

/bug        report a bug to the admin(s).

/rfe        Store a message/suggestion for the admin(s).

/whisper <text>
            Speaks <text> in a low voice, so only players standing directly
            next to you can hear it.

/say <text>
            Speaks <text> to players who are currently nearby your position,
            instead of sending your message to everyone on the server.

/whisper <text>
            Whispers <text> to players currently standing right next to you.
            Others won't be able to hear it.

/cough      You cough noisily. Will disturb the sleep of monsters or at least
            make it less deep..

/shout <text>
            Shout <text> loudly, will wake up monsters.

/scream <text>
            Same as /shout, but also aggravates monsters in your current
            line of sight. (Same effect as scroll of aggravate monsters,
            see (5.9)).

/shot  or  /shot <filename>
 (/screenshot)
            Takes a screen shot to a html file. If <filename> is omitted, it
            writes to 'screenshot?????.xhtml' by default, where ????? are
            increasing numbers. You may also use CTRL+T.
            You can view those xhtml files in most webbrowsers.

/sip        drink from a fountain. You must stand on the fountain to do this.
            Fountains can have good/bad/no effects. There is no fountain of
            death, neither one of detonations, so you won't get instakilled.
            (It's easier to press '_' instead of using the /sip command.
            Also see '_' key above, for additional information.)

/stime      Tells you the current date and time (of the server, not of your
            local timezone).

/tag [a..w] Tags all uninscribed items in your backpack by adding a '!k'
            inscription. Helpful for looting in conjunction with /dis command.
            If a slot (a..w) is specified, it only tags the item in that
            particular inventory slot (if not yet inscribed already).
            Will not affect equipped items.

/tar <x> <y>
 (/target)
            Allows you to target a specific grid specified by X,Y as offset
            to your current character position.

/testyourmight [rs]
or shorter: /tym [rs]
            Displays damage and healing stats for your character, totals and
            averages over number of attacks and over time (# of seconds
            passed).
            Note: 'Numer of attacks' only counts successful attacks, ie not
                  attacks that missed, were blocked/parried/dodged or
                  nullified by invulnerability, etc.
                  It however counts ALL attacks, for example aura hits too.

/time       Tells you the current in-game time, same as /ex does.

/trait      Allows outdated Draconian characters to acquire a lineage trait.
            This cannot be reversed, so the player should pick carefully.
            See (6.4) for a list of traits and what they do.

/untag [<inscription>]
            If <inscription is omitted, it removes all inscriptions from items
            in your backpack which are exactly '!k' (as done by /tag command).
            Ohterwise it removes inscriptions of all items which are exactly
            inscribed as specified by <inscription>.
            Will not affect equipped items (except for '/untag *').
            Note that some <inscription> parameters are special and therefore
            reserved, those are:

/untag *    will remove all inscriptions from all items in your inventory.

/untag p    will remove all pseudo-id tags from your inventory items.
            Note: This will work on equipped items too!

/untag u    will remove all unique-loot tags from your inventory items.

/at         Apply auto-inscription settings to current inventory.
 (/autotag)

/undoskills
            A skill reset function, allowing you to undo the last couple of
            skill points you assigned in 'G' menu. Use this to correct points
            you accidentally put into a wrong skill.
            NOTE: Logging off or gaining another level will reset undoskills,
            making it impossible to undo points spent previously.
            Also, it can only be used ONCE per level, so make sure you get your
            skill point distribution right on the second attempt.

/version    Displays the server version.
 (/ver)


(0.2a) IRC bot commands
-----------------------
When in an IRC channel where the 'TomeNET' bot relays chat to and from a
game server, you may enter these commands:
(See (1.1b) on how to set up IRC chat.)

?players        Will reply with a list of players online on this server.



(0.3) Important inscriptions
----------------------------
To inscribe an item, press the { key. To uninscribe, press }.

All items:
    Inscribing an item with an '!' followed by a key will cause that key to
    cease working on the item anymore. You may also specify several keys.
    A space or other non-related character will end the '!-sequence'.
    Example: You inscribe a 'Scroll of Artifact Creation' this way:  !kd
    Now you cannot destroy or drop the scroll anymore (keys to destroy and
    to drop an item are 'k' respectively 'd').
    You can inscribe an item by pressing '{' and uninscribe it with '}'.

The !* inscription:
    '*' is a 'wild card' which stands for multiple inscriptions at once,
    inscribing an item '!*' will do all of these checks:
!d  Prevent dropping an item.
!k  Prevent killing (destroying) an item. (Note that '!k' on a torch also
    prevents using that torch to refuel another one.)
!s  Prevent selling an item to shop (!s).
    For example, if you found an artifact and you want to avoid (d)ropping it,
    (s)elling it, or (v) throwing it away accidentally you could either
    inscribe it  !dsv  or just  !*  .
!v  Prevent throwing an item away.
!=  Automatically pick the item up from the floor.
(!h Prevent selling a house key. Keys usually aren't used anymore though.)

A very useful inscription for (heavily) cursed items:
!w  prevent wielding/wearing an item. This is very useful if you carry a
    cursed item in your inventory that you really don't want to equip by
    accident.

Useful for characters who wield a boomerang not for throwing it, but rather
because it provides magical boni:
!f  prevent firing an item (ie your equipped ranged weapon).

If you use a sling, bow or crossbow and rather worthless ammo that you don't
intend to pick up again, you may inscribe the ammo to make it disappear:
!g  makes ammo always break and never drop to the floor.

Other !-inscriptions:
!T  prevent taking off a secondary item.
!F  prevent using up this item to fuel your currently equipped light source.
    (Note that !k inscription implies this too.)
!E  prevent eating this item.
    (Note: !E may also prevent items from causing earthquakes, see below.)
!q  prevent quaffing this potion.
!r  prevent reading this scroll.
!u,!a, !z  prevent using a staff/aim a wand/zap a rod.
!A  prevent activating this item.

The # inscription:
    This one makes all following inscription be appended directly behind the
    actual item name, instead of at the end of the item's full description.
    It can be especially convenient if the item has a very long name.
    Sometimes you can also use this to confuse your fellow players :-p

Items that induce random teleportation, like a 'ring of teleportation' or
'weapon of the thunderlords':
    If the item is _not cursed_ then you may inscribe it with two dots '..' to
    prevent it from teleporting you! In order for the inscription to take
    effect in case you already have it equipped you will need to take it off
    and wield it again.
    The two dots can appear anywhere in the inscription, as long as they are
    not separated from each other. Example:
    A Long Sword Of The Thunderlords (2d5) (+10,+15) {NxFAReg..}

Items that 'can cause Earthquakes':
    !E          Prevents the item from causing an earthquake. This usually
                only works on the artifact "The Mighty Hammer 'Grond'".
                (Press keys  ~d  in the game to check server settings.)
                See (5.13) for more information about earthquakes.

Word-of-Recall scrolls:
    @R500       will teleport you to depth 500ft (tower).
    @R-350      will teleport you to depth -350ft (dungeon).
    @RW32,32    will teleport you to sector 32,32 on the worldmap (Bree).
                World map ranges from 0,0 to 63,63.
    or even better..
    @R          This inscription makes the above versions sort of obsolete.
                If you have inscribed a word-of-recall item like this then you
                can just type the command    /rec    into chat to invoke the
                word-of-recall. Examples replacing above inscriptions:
                /rec 500
                /rec -350
                /rec 32 32        <- notice: No komma between the coordinates!

    NOTE: You must've already been at that depth or deeper in order to teleport
    there via WoR!

    IMPORTANT: In order to recall to a place on the world map, you need to
    have been there before, NOT while you were dead (ghost), but while you
    were alive! So don't try to travel to Gondolin as a ghost, the priest
    over there will reject you and you won't remember the place when you
    return and revive in Bree.

    Example, a player is in Bree (32,32) and wants to recall to Orc Cave -300ft
    which we assume is at (31,25) and he has already been at 31,25 before, so
    he can use Word-of-recall to get there. He has his WoR scrolls inscribed
    '@R' and now types the following chat commands in order:
        /rec 31 25
        (he waits until that kicked in and transported him to Orc Cave surface)
        /rec -300
        (this will bring him to the desired depth, from the surface).

Weapons, devices and spells:
    @O and its variants control the 'auto-retaliator' which is a mechanism
       designed to make your character automatically attack targets that are
       standing directly adjacent to you.
       For details about auto-retaliation see (4.1a)!

Ammunition:
    !=          will make your character auto-pickup the ammo from the floor.
    !M          makes ammunition stacks of same base type and same ego power
                stack even if +hit or +dam enchantments are not equal. Those
                will be averaged and rounded downwards. (Doesn't work for
                cursed or artifact ammo.) Wield the !M stack first, then also
                wield the stack you want to merge with the equipped ammo.
    !L          inscribe stacks of ammo in your inventory !L to make them be
                automatically reloaded into your quiver as soon as the ammo
                you're currently using runs out.
                Note that you can place ammo in your inventory in the desired
                order for reloading by dropping it/picking it up again!

Weapons that ricochet (sling ammo):
    !R          Prevents ricochetting.

Scrolls of Identify, Rods/Staves of Perception:
    !X          If you pick up an unidentified item, you will automatically
                read a scroll to identify it.
                This inscription also works on 'The Stone of Lore'.
                See (5.7) for more information about identification.

An item that can be activated:
    @A1         pressing the keys 'A' and then '1' will activate that item.

A potion:
    @q3         pressing 'q' then '3' will quaff that potion.

A magic scroll:
    @r0         pressing the keys 'r' and '0' will read that scroll.

etc.. you get the idea. :)

You can also inscribe items just to remember their abilities. For example
if you find an armour that is an artifact, and you found out it resists
fire and acid, you might inscribe it {ResFire,ResAcid} so that you will
remember what it does just by looking at it and reading the inscription.
It can make your life easier if you wear lots of items that have different
resistances or abilities.


(0.3a) The auto-inscription feature
-----------------------------------
Since it can be annoying to keep inscribing newly bought items again and again,
there is an auto-inscription feature which you can access with '&' key.
Remotely similar to the macro menu, a list of auto-inscriptions appears (which
by default is empty).

Press 'e' to edit the first auto-inscription. A cursor will appear, allowing
you to input a partial item name. For example type in 'of Healing' (without the
quotes). Hit ENTER key to confirm. Now the cursor will allow you to enter an
inscription, a little bit further to the right on the screen. For example type
in '@q1' (again without the quotes) and confirm with ENTER key again.

Now you have just set up an auto-inscription that will automatically inscribe
'@q1' whenever any item is added to your inventory which has a name containing
'of Healing', ie 'Potions of Healing'.

Note that auto-inscriptions are case-sensitive, and only the first one in the
list that actually matches an item is applied to it.

You can use '?' as wildcard in the search string. For example if you want to
distinguish between Rod(s) of Healing and Potion(s) of Healing, you can use
'Rod?Healing' and 'Potion?Healing' respectively.
('?' stands for any number (including zero) of any characters.)

If you put a '!' as first character of a search string, it will force the
inscription to overwrite existing inscriptions in any case (usually it only
overwrites trivial inscriptions such as price discount tags).

Auto-inscription files can be saved and will be loaded automatically in the
same manner as macro files, if the filename matches your race, class, account
or character name.
If multiple matching files are found, the game will attempt to merge them
accordingly.

NOTE: In addition to this user-defined client-side auto-inscription list, there
      is also a server-side auto-inscription feature that can be enabled via
      client option 'auto_inscribe'.
      This option will add a predefined set of auto-inscriptions that might be
      generally useful for all types of characters, see (2.3) for details.



(0.4) Typical slang/abbreviations
---------------------------------
Art         Artifact. Those can be 'Static arfifacts' from the a_info.txt
            file, also called 'True Arts'. Or they may be 'Randomly generated
            artifacts' also called 'Randarts'.
            In game you can press  ~ 6  to search for any static artifact.
            (See (7.4) for more info about spoiler files.)
            Winners who beat Morgoth, Lord of Darkness will usually not
            be able to use static artifacts, but rely on randarts instead.
            Depending on the server settings, fallen winners might also not be
            able to use static arts.
            See (5.9b) for more information about artifacts.

Auto-ID     A special ability of some items. If you equip an item that grants
            you 'Auto-ID' all items you touch will automatically be
            identified! Items who grant their wielder Auto-Identification are
            highly sought after. Randart helmets or gloves sometimes have it.
            See (5.7) for more information about identification.

BM          Black Market (Store '7').

Cheeze      Questionable action, not quite cheating but close to it.
            This can be transferring items to a store character (mule)
            or exploiting weaknesses in the game design instead of
            reporting them to the forum.

DEW         Dark-elven warlock. A very deadly monster that comes in packs and
            shoots high-damage mana bolts, glass cannon style.

Dive        A trip into the dungeon, usually quite deep compared to the
            diver's character level.

DSM         Dragon Scale Mail. Legendary pieces of armour.

Excellents  Items that pseudo-identified as 'excellent'.

EA          Extra Attacks. Rings, gloves or weapons which increase your number
            of blows per round with melee weapons. Quite expensive.

FA          Free Action (immunity to paralysis).

FF          Feather falling (Levitation).

GoI         Globe of invulnerability. This only exists as 'Stair GoI', see
            further below.

Gorth       Room in the dungeon, divided into 4 chambers, similar to a pit.
            Also see 'Room', 'Pit' and (4.6).

GV          Greater Vault. (See 4.6)

GCV         Greater Checkerboard Vault (looks remotely like a checkerboard).

ID, *ID*    Identify and *Identify* magic respectively, which is used to
            reveal magic properties of unknown items. Scrolls of ID can be
            bought in store 5.
            See (5.7) for more information about identification.

Iron Team   A special type of party which can only be formed with newly
            created characters. Its members only gain experience if all
            members are online and on the same dungeon level.

kinging     The process of beating Morgoth, the game boss, and thereby
            acquiring a royal title (king/queen/emperor/empress).
            Such player characters are also referred to as 'winners'.
            A player must be at least level 40 to get credit for beating
            Morgoth.

 rekinging  Fallen winners, ie players who beat Morgoth but later on died and
            thereby lost their royal title again, can attempt to regain it by
            teaming up with someone who has not yet killed Morgoth.
            If that person lands the killing blow, everyone in her/his party
            on the same floor will gain winner status again, even fallen kings.
            A player must be at least level 40 to get credit for beating
            Morgoth.

klevel, olevel
            Somewhat more technical terms, these stand for the exact type of
            item level that is meant in a certain context:
            k-level is the 'object kind level', which is given in k_info.txt.
            This is the object's base level and describes from which minimum
            dungeon floor level or minimum monster level you can expect to
            start getting that item type.
            The o-level is the 'real' object level that you'll see on an item
            you pick up. This can vary from the klev, depending on the dungeon
            floor depth and monster level you got the item from.
            Example: According to k_info.txt an Amulet of the Serpents has a
            klev of 25, so you can expect to start seeing this drop on dungeon
            level 25 (1250ft) or from level 25 monsters respectively. However,
            when you find such an amulet on say a dungeon floor at 4000ft,
            which equals dungeon level 80, an actual amulet you find might have
            a level requirement (olev) of 30.
            (Note: This is similar to mlevel vs rlevel for monsters.)

Loot        Items that have been dropped by dead monsters or players and
            are waiting to be picked up by someone. :)

LV          Lesser Vault. (See 4.6)

mlevel, rlevel
            Somewhat more technical terms, these stand for the exact type of
            monster level that is meant in a certain context:
            m-level is the 'real' monster level that you'll also see when you
            have your character look at it. This level may actually be boosted
            and therefore be higher than you'd expect. This happens when you
            meet the monster on a floor that is far deeper than the level the
            monster usually starts to occur on.
            r-level is the base monster level, which you can see in game if you
            press  ~ 7  and search for a particular monster.
            It describes the minimum floor level a monster is usually found on
            (although 'out-of-depth' occurances may be possible).
            Example: According to ~7, Ancient Red Dragons have a base level of
            41. That means you'll usually start seeing them on dungeon floors
            of level 41 (2050 ft) and deeper, although there's always a slim
            chance that you meet a monster earlier than its base level (called
            OoD encounter). So we know now that the r-level of Ancient Red
            Dragons is 41. However, if you meet an Ancient Red Dragon on a
            much deeper dungeon floor, say 2400 ft, which would be the
            equivalent to level 48, when you look at the dragon you'll see it
            says level 42 instead of the expected 41. This means the dragon's
            level was actually slightly boosted because the dungeon floor's
            level was that much higher than the dragon's. So while the rlev
            of this dragon is still 41, its real level, the mlev, is 42.
            Some formulas used by the game use mlev, some use rlev.
            (Note: This is similar to klevel vs olevel for items.)

Morgy       Morgoth, Lord of Darkness. Final boss enemy in TomeNET.
            See (1.3) for details.

Nest        Originally also just called 'pits', nests only differ from pits in
            the monsters in them being strewn around in a randomly mixed manner
            while pits contain 'organized' rings and circles of monsters.
            The monsters in a nest are not completely random but follow certain
            schemes. For example all monsters in a 'clones nest' are exactly
            the same type. Also see 'pits'.

olevel      see klevel.

OoD         Out-of-depth. Means a monster or an item encounter that happened at
            a surprisingly shallow level, opposed to the base level for that
            monster (shown in ~7) or item (given in k_info.txt) where
            you would usually start expecting to find it.
            Vaults often containing OoD monsters and items, increasing threat
            and reward for the brave.
            Note: OoD is limited to at most +40 levels (happens in high-level
            vaults); unique monsters can actually only be up to 20 levels OoD
            (even in vaults) and, as a specialty, Great Wyrms of Power can only
            ever occur up to 10 levels OoD.

Party       A group of players who fight together and share experience.
            In a party you will share experience points if you are within 7
            character levels to each other and on the same dungeon/tower level
            respectively the same worldmap/wilderness sector.
            You can invoke the party menu with shift+p key. See (6.9).

Phase Door  A short-range teleportation.

Pit         Pits contain monsters of a certain type, for example 'demon pits'
            or 'orc pits', with the monsters in them being placed in a somewhat
            'organized' manner of rings and circles. Also see 'Nest' or 'Room'.
            Pits are often confused with special rooms.

Pseudo-ID   If a player keeps an unidentified item for a longer time he might
            'feel' if the item is average, good, cursed or special. The item
            will automatically receive a 'pseudo-id inscription' then.
            Pseudo-id intensity and speed depend on the 'Combat' skill.
            It does not matter whether the player is acting, afk or idle.
            See (5.7) for more information about identification.

PvP         Player vs player. Describes the act of player characters fighting
            each other. If you want to fight other players to death, create a
            new 'pvp-mode' character. It's an option during the character
            creation process, much like 'everlasting mode' or 'normal mode'.
            For more information about pvp mode, see (6.13).

Randart     Randomly generated artifact. As opposed to 'Truearts' which are
            also called 'Static arts' from the file a_info.txt (you can search
            static arts by pressing  ~ 6  in game). See 'Art' at the top of
            this section for more information.
            See (5.9b) for more information about artifacts.

Res         Resistance.

Room        The dungeon contains many rooms connected by passages. Some of the
            rooms are of special shape. Especially rooms containing a further,
            inner room similarly to pits are thereby often confused with those,
            mostly 'Gorths' (rooms divided into four chambers containing a
            lot of monsters), 'Checkerboard-Rooms' (rooms containing a
            checkerboard-like maze structure and a lot of monsters).

rlevel      see mlevel.

Scumming    Repeatedly using staircases up/downwards to make a level become
            recreated. Usually in hope of finding a specific monster on that
            depth. ('I scum 450..500 ft for Wormy'.)

SI          See invisible.

Specials    Items that pseudo-identify as 'special'. These are true arts or
            randarts.

Static      A level that is static will not change if you leave it but stay
            the same, permanently until it is unstaticed.
            All levels remain static for a short period of time after the
            last player leaves them to prevent scumming.
            Also, levels remain static if a player ghost-died (meaning he died
            ultimatively without possibility of resurrection) for a longer
            while depending on the dungeon level, see (3.11) for details about
            static-by-death levels.

Static Art  See 'Art' at the top of this section.

Stair GoI   Stair-globe of invulnerability. This describes the magical
            protection that any player who takes a staircase up or down or uses
            word-of-recall will receive: A temporary buff of +100 armour class
            and 40% chance to deflect any attacks that hit him. Attacks that
            aren't deflected still get their damage halved.

True Art    See 'Art' at the top of this section.

Unique      A monster that is named and exists only once. Although it can
            respawn for another player who hasn't defeated it yet, each player
            will receive loot only once from it. So if you engage a unique
            monster while playing together with a team mate, check if you have
            already killed it and if so let your team mate inflict the killing
            blow, so he will get the kill credited and the monster will drop
            loot accordingly.
            To verify whether you have already killed a unique, you may..
            -check the unique monster list in '~' menu.
            -'l'ook at the monster, the name will be shown in dark grey if you
             already got kill credit for it.
            -watch the damage messages when you attack it, they will be shown
             in dark grey if you already killed it.
            -turn on the option 'unique_kill_credit' in '=' menu: It will beep
             if you hit a unique monster that you have already killed.
            It is good etiquette that you don't touch the (inscribed) loot a
            unique monster drops if it wasn't you who killed it in the end.
            That's precisely because every player can only get kill credit for
            each unique monster once.
            Uniques often have large escorts.
            Unique monsters will randomly respawn for winners, ie Kings,
            Queens, Emperors and Empresses. That means: The game will "forget"
            that you already defeated them, allowing you to defeat them once
            more. There are some exceptions though, the following monsters
            will never respawn: The Nazguls, Sauron, Michael, Morgoth, and all
            super-uniques that come after Morgoth, starting with Tik'srvzllat.

WoR         Word-of-Recall (teleports you into the dungeon and back or on the
            world map). See "(0.3) Important inscriptions" for more info.

Wormy       Wormtongue, Agent of Saruman. He drops great items.



(0.5) Some hints and warnings (READ!)
-------------------------------------
-To report a bug use the /bug command in the game. It allows you to type a line
 of text to explain the bug or problem you encountered. You can use the /bug
 command multiple times if one line is not sufficient for the amount of text
 you want to write.
 Alternatively, you can use the bug report section of the official forum at
 www.tomenet.net.
 Please DO NOT write bugs in chat in the game.

-If you have a suggestion, use the /rfe command instead. It's used the same way
 as the /bug command (see above).
 Alternatively, use the forum at www.tomenet.net.

-Starting at version 4.4.5, TomeNET supports audio, that is, sound effects and
 background music. To find out more, read (2.1a).

-Usually characters expire (that means they are automatically deleted!)
 after 180 days of inactivity. Empty accounts (ie accounts that don't hold any
 characters) usually expire after 60 days.

-Items on the ground (especially in towns) often disappear automatically after
 a while. So don't use the town or the wilderniss to 'store' loot.
 If you don't own any houses, you can use public houses that are accessible to
 everyone. Risk is of course that someone takes your items.

-If you press CTRL+X to save&exit the game, you should do that in a safe town.
 Dungeons might change while you are logged off, and the next time you log on
 you might find yourself in a nasty place if unlucky.
 Another problem is that if you don't leave in a town, your character will
 stay for another 20-30 seconds in the game before it finally disappears from
 the dungeon! If monsters were around, you might get killed easily during that
 time.

-The items you find don't depend on your race or class but on monster level
 and depth and luck.

-Don't drop artifacts inside houses if the server doesn't allow artifacts to
 be dropped inside player houses, or you will simply lose the artifact!

-Items on the floor within a house don't form piles! If you drop too many
 items and space in the house runs out the dropped item may just disappear!

-The massive iron crown of Morgoth must not be worn by non-Kings/Queens!
 Wearing it otherwise will kill you in a mighty blast.

-Some special shops' features may currently not be available.



(1) Introduction
================

(1.1) What is TomeNET? (Where can I get the latest sources?)
------------------------------------------------------------
TomeNET is an extremely advanced online multiplayer rogue-like role-playing
game, derived from MAngband (Multiplayer-Angband). It's based on the stories of
J.R.R. Tolkien mainly, hence the name "the Troubles of Middle Earth" or
alternatively "the Tales of Middle Earth".
The final goal in TomeNET is to destroy the fallen god Melkor who is known by
the name of Morgoth, Lord of Darkness. The official websites are mentioned in
the first couple of lines of this guide.
Note that ToME and TomeNET although both coming from similar roots are actually
quite different games that are maintained by different persons/teams.

If you want to download the source code, you can get it from www.tomenet.net in
the download section.


(1.1a) Where do I get in contact?
---------------------------------
Apart from downloading the game client and playing, you can also get in contact
with other players and developers via the following media:

-The forum at http://www.tomenet.net/.
-IRC: Channel #tomenet on server irc.freenode.net (port 6667)
      (For help on Internet Relay Chat visit www.irchelp.org).
      The channels #tomenet, #tomenet.iron and #tomenet.arcade relay chat from
      and to the main/ironman/arcade server, allowing you to read what's going
      on in-game, and to chat with players simply with any IRC client.
      See below (1.1b) for how to set up IRC chat in detail.
      See (0.2a) for commands you can send to the TomeNET IRC bot.
-Voice chat via mumble, get it from http://mumble.sourceforge.net/.
      IP is 'europe.tomenet.net', port is '23348', password is 'tomenet'.
      For details see "(2.4) Installing voice chat".


(1.1b) How to set up IRC chat
-----------------------------
First you need to install an IRC client to connect to IRC chat networks:

Windows: Most popular client is probably mIRC.

Linux: Popular IRC clients for Linux are Pidgin (actually rather a multi-
       protocol messaging tool, pretty nifty), x-chat (GUI), Konversation (KDE
       GUI) or irssi (command-line).

Mac OSX: For example Colloquy, X-Chat Aqua or Linkinus.

After installing your preferred IRC chat client, enter an username of your
choice and set it up to connect to the "Freenode" IRC network.
(For detailed help on Internet Relay Chat visit www.irchelp.org.)

After you established a connection to Freenode, have your client join the
so-called "channels" named:

 #tomenet           (this is the main chat channel)
 #tomenet.iron      (if you are also interested in the ironman server)
 #tomenet.arcade    (if you wanna know what's going on on the arcade server!)

Joining a channel will relay chat from and to the respective TomeNET server,
allowing you to read what's going on in-game, and to chat with the players.
(Note that not all kinds of messages are actually relayed, for example AFK
messages are not.)
See (0.2a) for commands you can send to the TomeNET IRC bot.

Usually all IRC clients offer a possibility to configure them to connect a
specific network (Freenode) and to join specific channels (#tomenet etc.)
automatically on startup, so you don't have to do it manually each time you
start the IRC client.

Most clients also allow you to setup auto-reconnect, which is useful if you
experience frequent disconnections from the IRC network. Although in that case
you should rather check why that happens - make sure you aren't trying to
connect to a very far away Freenode server but to one that is close to your
location, compare:  http://freenode.net/irc_servers.shtml



(1.2) What is a rogue-like game?
--------------------------------
Rogue was a game basing only on alpha-numerical characters, like letters and
numbers. It didn't have any graphics. Thus it could run on basically every
simple computer. However it was not a text-adventure. Its game engine provides
a grid for turn-by-turn movement and combat that the user looks at from high
above. Here is a small "screenshot":
...............
...########....
...#$.....#....
...#..@...'....
...#......#....
...########.p..
...............
The @ is usually the player, the dots are empty fields. The # are walls. Here
the player seems to be inside a building. In the upper-left corner some money
is deposited. The ' is an open door. Outside of the building there is a p,
which is usually some townsfolk. They are not always friendly and some tend to
steal! Rogue was the first game of this kind, hence all games working with
similar graphics and game engine are called rogue-likes.
Other well-known rogue-likes are Nethack, Larn, Moria, Angband.


(1.2a) Where do I find more information about rogue-like games?
--------------------------------------------------------------
Links:
    http://www.thangorodrim.net/
    http://yarns.felis7.civ.pl/
Newsgroups:
    rec.games.roguelike.*



(1.3) Goal and progress of TomeNET players
------------------------------------------
The final goal that a brave adventurer could possible seek in TomeNET is to
become King respectively Queen. To acquire this he or she must destroy the
fallen god Melkor who is known by the name of Morgoth, Lord of Darkness.

Morgoth is said to reside deep within the dungeons at around 5000 feet down in
the earth. Getting there will be an extraordinary journey bearing unbelievable
dangers but also fantastic treasure. Players on the same server can also play
together by forming parties and sharing their experience! Players will acquire
new ranks as their experience grows, allowing them to learn new abilities and
to become stronger. Morgoth is said not to show up until his servant Sauron,
the Sorceror has been killed. (See 1.5 for more information about Morgoth.)

On their journey through wilderness and remote towns, towers and dungeons,
characters will gain experience points that increase their level up to 50.
After defeating Morgoth, they will be able to advance further up to level 99.

Players who defeat Morgoth, become 'winners' and get the title of King and
Queen respectively, or Emperor/Empress if their character is of unworldly or
hellish mode. A player must be at least level 40 to get credit for this.

When you win the game, an automatic chardump is generated in /lib/user called
'<charname>-victory.txt' (see 8.2) which you can view with any text editor.
Also, a screenshot is made automatically, displaying your situation, saved
to '<charname>-victory-screenshot.xhtml'.
(You can view xhtml files in most webbrowsers.)


(1.3a) Sauron, Morgoth and the Nazgul
-------------------------------------
Morgoth, Lord of Darkness commands nine Ring Wraiths, called 'Nazgul'.
These corrupted souls of former ring-wearers are named..
Uvatha the Horseman, Adunaphel the Quiet, Akhorahil the Blind,
Ren the Unclean, Ji Indur Dawndeath, Dwar Dog Lord of Waw, Hoarmurath of Dir,
Khamul the Black Easterling and The Witch-King of Angmar.
Morgoth has the ability to summon these, so you should destroy them all
before facing him.

Morgoth is also able to summon other powerful unique beings, so one of your
tasks to prevail against him will be to kill off as many of the powerful unique
foes as you can before facing him.

Morgoth, the god of destruction, has reinforced his surroundings to be
especially devastating to all living beings:
If you get killed on a level where Morgoth, Lord of Darkness walks, your
ghost will be destroyed too, even if you are everlasting! Beware!

If you team up against him, he will grow stronger for every additional player
who enters his dungeon level. Growing stronger in fact means that he gains a
hit point and speed bonus. If a player leaves his level, he will weaken again.
See the following paragraph (1.6) for more information.

When a player lands the killing blow on Morgoth, everyone else who is in her or
his party and also on the same dungeon floor will get credit for winning the
game too and receive a royal title accordingly. Even 'fallen winners' (players
who have beaten Morgoth already but lost their royal title to death) can
regain their title this way - by teaming up with someone who hasn't killed
Morgoth yet and making sure that that player lands the killing blow.
Each player must be at least level 40 to get credit for beating Morgoth.

Morgoth always drops his crown and hammer. If he is defeated by a party, those
two items will drop multiple times so that everyone can actually pick up one of
each.

A very dangerous thing about Nazgul is that weapons get quickly destroyed if
they come in contact with these corrupted beings.
If you are a spell-caster who doesn't use his weapon to fight but just to
profit from its magical abilities then it's strongly recommended to inscribe
the weapon @Ox to avoid auto-retaliation, see (0.3) about inscriptions and
(4.1a) about auto-retaliation.
If you rely on melee weapons you must try to get your hands on an artifact
since these resist Nazgul greatly! The Stormbringer also resists like an
artifact. (It doesn't matter if the artifact is a random or a static one.)
If your weapon gets destroyed you'll receive a warning message:
"Your weapon *DISINTEGRATES*!" or "Your weapon is destroyed !"
(The permanently cursed weapon 'Mighty Hammer of Grond' cannot be destroyed.
See (5.9b) for more information about artifacts.)

Your weapon itself will not damage the Nazgul if it doesn't have one of the
mods SLAY_EVIL, SLAY_UNDEAD or KILL_UNDEAD. However, you might still be able
to damage the Nazgul, if your raw to-dam bonus is high enough. Enchantments
from rings, gloves or other items and the damage bonus from your skills will
be the only factors which decide the damage you deal, in that case.
For weapons which damage dice and to-dam bonus will not be counted (ie non-
SLAY/KILL EVIL/UNDEAD weapons) you'll see the message:
"The Ringwraith is IMPERVIOUS to the mundane weapon."

Martial Arts users can fight relatively efficiently against Nazguls, but their
chance to receive Black Breath is higher than for weapon users.

If you come in contact with a Nazgul or a very powerful undead creature there
is a chance that you will be infected by the Black Breath. This dark aura is
able to infect other players if you come too close to them. It will drain your
stats and permanently drain your experience. Slowly, but steadily. There are
several possibilities to cure Black Breath, for example Sprigs of Athelas.

Each Nazgul will drop a ring of power, which is a random artifact ring bearing
the Nazgul's name. These rings have a lot of random mods (ie abilities) and
will always provide invisibility (5.16) and experience drain (5.19). They are
also always heavily cursed, cannot be dropped while cursed, and can re-curse
themselves (5.14).

In order to find Morgoth, players have to defeat Sauron, the Sorceror first.
For more information about encountering Sauron and Morgoth, see next paragraph
(1.3b).
It is noteworthy that Sauron is able to boost his own spell-casting speed for
as long as he finds himself or the area around his target blocked by Glyphs of
Warding (also called Runes of Protection).
Also, he might try to avoid going into melee range of players who he deems good
at close quarters combat. In general, do not underestimate Sauron's power!


(1.3b) How to encounter the final boss: Morgoth, Lord of Darkness
-----------------------------------------------------------------
-Morgoth is found only at dungeon level 100 or deeper.
-He won't show up until you killed Sauron, the Sorceror, who is found at the
 bottom of Mt Doom (which is dungeon level 99).
-Morgoth does not neccessarily spawn on each fitting dungeon level,
 sometimes you have to search for him, like for all other monsters/uniques.
-If a player who hasn't killed Sauron yet or who has already beaten Morgoth
 enters a dungeon level where Morgoth is currently on, Morgoth will instantly
 teleport to a different dungeon level.
-If there's already another player on that level who has beaten Sauron but
 hasn't acquired the title of a King or Queen yet, the 'intruder' player will
 be teleported to town instead and Morgoth will remain on the level.
-If more than one player is on his floor, he will be a bit thougher than he
 appears to a solo player, depending on the number of players facing him.
 In details, for each additional player besides the first player joining his
 level, Morgoth gains +20000 hit points and +6 speed. So if a team of three
 challenges him, he will have 30000+2*20000 = 70000 HP and 30+2*6 = 42 speed.
 Everyone who is at least level 40 and on the same dungeon floor and in the
 same party as the player who lands the killing blow will get credit for
 winning the game and receive a royal title accordingly.
-There are no obstacles that can hold Morgoth back for long.

See (1.3a) for more information about Morgoth.

There are rumours of even more powerful beings than the Lord Of Darkness.
Kings and Queens who seek new challenges shall try to enter the Nether Realm,
a dungeon with dangers beyond imagination. Only those who destroyed Morgoth
may enter. The Nether Realm can be very rewarding in terms of experience but
also very deadly. Terrible foes are said to dwell there which aren't seen in
the mundane world.



(2) Installation & setup
========================

(2.1) Installing TomeNET
------------------------
(Covered are Windows, Linux, OSX, FreeBSD.)

Go to http://www.tomenet.net/ (or one of our personal pages) to download the
latest client. Extract it to a new directory, preserving the pathnames.

(Note: If you decide to download the 'test client' instead of the client of the
latest stable version number, be aware that it might stop working correctly
unexpectedly because it's undergoing development, possibly forcing you to
redownload it.)


Windows:
--------
To extract the TomeNET zip package you downloaded, 7-zip is recommended.
It's a free and open source zip-tool of outstanding performance that works on
all platforms. Grab it from http://www.7-zip.org/ .

After extracting, you're good to go. If you're already tired of reading, just
double-click TomeNET.exe, pick the first official server in the list, make up
an account and character and start to play.

There is also a manual in your TomeNET folder, the file is called
"TomeNET-Guide.txt". Double-click to read it. It is recommended to not open it
in Wordpad, but either in Notepad or in any web browser of your choice, because
Wordpad tends to warp the layout badly.
Alternatively you can find the latest version of the manual online for browsing
and easy searching, on the TomeNET homepage (http://www.tomenet.net/).

If you're tech savvy, you could decide to edit the game configuration manually,
but that is not really required. Continue reading below if you want to do that.

Otherwise, you could skip forward to (2.1a) now, where you find an explanation
on how to install the music pack.

When you're done with everything, you can continue reading at (2.1d) if you are
using Valve's Steam, and then at (2.2) to find how how to actually connect to
the TomeNET game server, create an account, create a character, and play the
game!


Windows - Manually editing the configuration file (if you're tech savvy):
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
You may edit the file "TomeNET.ini" and do some changes to your likings, like
setting up window positions (note that the game will remember window positions
changed via dragging the windows around, which is an easier way), or choosing
font size (look into lib/xtra/font directory to see available fonts).
Further you can specify an account name and password to be filled in
automatically, and various other things.

Last but not least, you may use the following command-line options:
-p<Port>                for example -p19348
-l<Account> <Password>  for example -lGandalf geheim
-N<character name>      for example -NDruidor
<ip address>            for example 85.118.45.235
-q                      turns off loading/initializing of audio ('quiet mode')
-w                      disables weather effects
-u                      disables automatic LUA script updating
-k                      don't disable numlock on client startup
-m                      skip motd (message of the day) on login
-v                      automatically save chat log on exit

(Skip down to (2.1a) to continue reading.)


Linux (using pre-compiled binary):
----------------------------------
Make sure that ncurses and crypt libraries are installed, package names are
usually libncurses5 and libgcrypt11.
Enter the 'tomenet/' folder and type:
        ./tomenet
to start the game.


Linux (compiling from source):
------------------------------
(For using the pre-compiled client instead, see further below.)

There are additional distribution-specific information on Mikael's website at:
http://koti.mbnet.fi/mikaelh/tomenet/installation-linux.php
(It's linked on www.tomenet.net -> "Links".)

You can get the source from www.tomenet.net, also see (1.1).

How to compile the game binary:
Go into '/tomenet/src' where the file 'makefile' is located.

Make sure you have the C-devel, X11-devel, ncurses, ncurses-devel and crypt
libraries installed. The package names are usually:
build-essential, xorg-dev, libncurses5, libncurses5-dev, libgcrypt11,
libc6-dev.

Since version 4.4.5 which supports music and sound via SDL, you also need
libsdl-mixer-devel, libsdl, libsmpeg. Usual package names (SDL version 1.2):
libsdl-mixer1.2, libsdl-mixer1.2-dev, libsdl1.2debian, libsdl1.2-dev,
(preferably libsdl1.2debian-pulseaudio, eg under Ubuntu), libsmpeg0,
libsmpeg-dev.
If you don't want to use audio, edit the makefile and compare the two
paragraphs titled 'Without SDL' and 'With SDL' and edit the makefile
accordingly, to compile it without SDL audio support.
NOTE: If you are compiling the above packages yourself, make sure that you
install the specific audio format libs (smpeg, ogg..) _before_ you install
libsdl-mixer, so its configure script will recognize those formats and enable
support for the according file types.

Enter these two lines:
        make clean
        make tomenet
and the binary 'tomenet' will be created in this folder 'tomenet/src'.
IMPORTANT NOW: If your makefile is an older version, you need to move the
binary one level upwards, ie into 'tomenet/' ! If your makefile is newer,
it might already have done that for you automatically.
Go up one level into your 'tomenet/' folder. There type:
        ./tomenet
to start the game.


Configure TomeNET on Linux by editing config files or setting environment vars:
(This is not really required. Most things can be configured by in-game menus or
by dragging/positioning the game windows with the mouse.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To configure which windows are visible and what font they use and all sorts of
other options, edit the file ".tomenetrc" which should be in your home folder
(or specify alternative location via -f command-line option, see below).

Note: If the game client's positioning of windows doesn't work on your system,
you can use other means such as KDE's native window positioning (right-click
the windows and modify the "special window settings" or "special application
settings") or the tool Devilspie (should be in your default repository) if
you're on Gnome or Xfce or anything else. 'gdevilspie' may also be available,
which is a graphical version of devilspie.

Alternatively to using the .tomenetrc file for window configuration, you can
also set environment variables. These settings will override .tomenetrc:
TOMENET_X11_FONT_SCREEN (height and width of main window cannot be changed)
TOMENET_X11_WID_MIRROR, TOMENET_X11_HGT_MIRROR, TOMENET_X11_FONT_MIRROR
TOMENET_X11_WID_CHOICE, TOMENET_X11_HGT_CHOICE, TOMENET_X11_FONT_CHOICE
TOMENET_X11_WID_RECALL, TOMENET_X11_HGT_RECALL, TOMENET_X11_FONT_RECALL
TOMENET_X11_WID_TERM_4, TOMENET_X11_HGT_TERM_4, TOMENET_X11_FONT_TERM_4
TOMENET_X11_WID_TERM_5, TOMENET_X11_HGT_TERM_5, TOMENET_X11_FONT_TERM_5
TOMENET_X11_WID_TERM_6, TOMENET_X11_HGT_TERM_6, TOMENET_X11_FONT_TERM_6
TOMENET_X11_WID_TERM_7, TOMENET_X11_HGT_TERM_7, TOMENET_X11_FONT_TERM_7
Use the 'export' command to set them, eg:
        export TOMENET_X11_FONT_SCREEN=8x13
        export TOMENET_X11_WID_TERM_4=80
        export TOMENET_X11_HGT_TERM_4=24
TOMENET_X11_FONT sets one font globally for all windows. It's overridden by
the window-specific font variables listed above though.
Depending on your system, some possible fonts are usually:
4x6, 5x7, 5x8, 6x9, 6x10, 6x12, 7x13, 7x14, 8x13, 9x15, 10x20, 12x24.

Last but not least, you may use the following command-line options:
-c                      force command-line interface instead of X11 etc.
                        Use it if you want to run the client within a terminal.
-e                      Create file 'tomenet.log' instead of displaying
                        error messages in the terminal
-f<config file>         use a different config file than ~/.tomenetrc
-i                      ignore the ~/.tomenetrc config file
-l<Account> <Password>  for example -lGandalf geheim
-m                      skip motd (message of the day) on login
-N<character name>      for example -NDruidor
-p<Port>                for example -p19348
<ip address>            for example 85.118.45.235
-q                      turns off loading/initializing of audio ('quiet mode')
-u                      disables automatic LUA script updating
                        (You should NOT use this option!)
-v                      automatically save chat log on exit
-w                      disables weather effects

Full command-line example:
        ./tomenet -p19348 -lGandalf geheim -NGandalf 85.118.45.235

If your name contains spaces, it is neccessary to put a '\' in front of each.
Example:
        ./tomenet -p18348 -lIron\ Man geheimer 85.118.45.235
..if your account name is 'Iron Man'.

(Skip down to (2.1a) to continue reading.)


Mac OS X (using pre-compiled binary; tested with Snow Leopard 10.6.6):
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Run the file 'TomeNET.run' to start the game.

If you're tech savvy and want to manually edit the TomeNET configuration file,
see "Configure TomeNET on Linux" further above.

Otherwise skip down to (2.1a) to continue reading. 


Mac OS X (compiling from source; tested with Snow Leopard 10.6.6):
------------------------------------------------------------------
Basically use the same instructions as for Linux above. Additionally:

-To actually install gcc you will need to install the 'xcode' package, which
 contains gcc. Download the correct xcode version for your Mac OS X version
 from developer.apple.com. For this you will first need to create a developer
 account (choose the free account version of course).

-Download the required packages (tar.gz/tar.bz2 files from ftp.gnupg.org,
 ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu and www.libsdl.org) listed in the Linux installation
 instructions above and extract, compile and install them each via the usual
   ./configure
   make clean
   make
   sudo make install
 command chain from a terminal window.
 Note: libsdl_mixer can be found on www.libsdl.org too, by clicking on the
 "Libraries" menu and searching for "mixer".

 If you have trouble installing those source packages, you could try to simply
 use MacPorts to fetch them, at http://www.macports.org/.

Dependencies:
-libgcrypt depends on libgpg-error, which you will need to install too.
-libsdl_mixer may complain about missing dependencies (at least Ogg Vorbis is
 required for TomeNET, since it's the official audio format - the rest is only
 needed if you add custom audio files in the according file formats):
  -Ogg Vorbis library (www.xiph.org -> libogg and libvorbis) for OGG file
   support, which is what the official TomeNET audio files are.
  -SMPEG library (icculus.org/smpeg) for MP3 file support. (libsdl_mixer's
   configure script May also list additional notes regarding the environment
   variable SMPEG_CONFIG, don't miss them.)
  -MikMod library (mikmod.raphnet.net) for various module music support.
  -FLAC library (flac.sourceforge.net) for FLAC file support.

-If you mess with compiler-related environment variables and paths and for
 whatever reason get a 'compiler cannot create executables' error when trying
 to ./configure packages, just close the terminal and re-open it, to reset all
 vars.

It is recommended to use the makefile called 'makefile.osx' for compiling.
If for whatever reason you try to use an unmodified Linux makefile to compile
then you might run into the following problems:

-ncurses starts hiding some internal properties at v5.7+ which causes a
 dereference error when trying to compile main-gcu.c. This seems to be a
 Mac OS X specific problem since only the ncurses shipping with Snow Leopard
 has NCURSES_OPAQUE set to 1 while the Linux version has not.
 To fix it, add
   -DNCURSES_OPAQUE=0
 to CFLAGS compiler options in the makefile.

-For preprocessing LUA files the 'cpp' variant does not work, the 'gcc' variant
 must be used instead: Edit the makefile, locate 'cpp' and comment out the two
 cpp-related lines and uncomment the two gcc-related lines, if it's not already
 like that by default.

-If the LIBS linker flags in the makefile say '-lcrypt' that will cause an
 error about library not being found. Change it to '-lgcrypt' to fix it.

-If the LDFLAGS are empty the linker will throw a not-found error 22. Fix this
 by moving (or copying) the -L... library search-folder parameters from LIBS to
 LDFLAGS so it contains all lib paths.


Configure TomeNET on Mac OS X:
------------------------------
Most things can be configured by in-game menus or by dragging/positioning the
game windows with the mouse, and do not require manual editing.

See 'Configure TomeNET on Linux' above, it's basically the same.
Mac OS X also uses the ".tomenetrc" configuration file which should be in your
home folder, same as Linux.


TomeNET on FreeBSD:
-------------------
Should be same as on Linux, except that the "8x13" standard font might not get
found, preventing TomeNET from starting. A fix according to "N der Fuenfte":
  root% cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/xorg-fonts
  root% make install clean
  root% # restart X server, if in doubt, just reboot PC.


(2.1a) Installing sound and music packs
---------------------------------------
Starting with version 4.4.5, TomeNET features a new SDL-based audio system,
which provides sound effects and background music.

To make use of it, all you have to do is download a sound and/or music pack and
then install it. For downloading, go to www.tomenet.net and then click on
'Downloads'.
Read on for instructions how to install those once you downloaded them. There
are two ways, automatically (client does it for you) and manually (you unzip
them to the correct location yourself):


a) Automatic audio pack installation
------------------------------------
(See paragraph above for where to download audio packs.)
Starting with client version 4.4.9, there is an automatic installer for sound
and music pack:

-WINDOWS/OSX:
 Make sure you have 7zip installed. It's a free, powerful multi-platform
 archiving tool (fit to replace WinRAR, WinZip etc).
 Get it from www.7-zip.org.

 LINUX:
 Make sure you have 7zip installed. The package name is p7zip.
 Note that some Linux distributions (Ubuntu) have another package called
 p7zip-full and the package p7zip is lacking certain parts. In that case
 install p7zip-full.

-Download the files 'TomeNET-soundpack.7z' and/or 'TomeNET-musicpack.7z' and
 put them into your TomeNET folder. The automatic installation only recognizes
 these two file names. If you download audio packs that are named differently,
 simply rename them before attempting to auto-install them.

-Launch the game, press '=' to enter the configuration menu, and press 'I' to
 invoke the auto-installer.

-After it's done it should tell you to restart your client. (You might also
 get disconnected automatically, if the auto-installation takes a while. That
 is fine.) Just restart the game and press CTRL+U to look at the audio mixer.
 It should tell you that sound and/or music pack have been installed.

In case you want to install the packs manually instead of using auto-install,
read on.


b) Manual audio pack installation
---------------------------------
(See first paragraph of (2.1a) above for where to download audio packs.)
Instead of automatic installation explained above you can also just manually
unpack audio packs to your TomeNET/lib/xtra/ folder. Make sure the game isn't
running while you do.

Note: Some people have reported that the program 'WinRAR' seems to cause
      problems in some cases, giving them "file corrupted" errors.
      A powerful free and open source program that is guaranteed to work is
      '7zip' (a sourceforge project at the time of writing) downloadable at:
      http://www.7-zip.org/

You can get the official sound pack on http://www.tomenet.net/ in the download
section, and also look for player-made sound or music packs in the forum!

On Microsoft Windows, the easiest way to do this after you downloaded a sound
or music zip file is to:
------------------------
1. install 7zip, a free zip/unzip tool, if you haven't installed one already.
2. open a Windows Explorer window and navigate to your TomeNET folder. Then
   double-click the 'lib' folder to enter it. You should now now see a folder
   named 'xtra' being shown.
3. quit TomeNET if it's still running, just to be on the safe side (sometimes
   MS Windows may prevent files from getting overwritten if they are still in
   use by a running program).
4. double-click your downloaded sound or music pack zip file to open it in 7zip
   or whatever you use, and its contents should be displayed:
   Either a folder named 'sound' or a folder named 'music', depending on what
   kind of pack you just downloaded.
   Use the mouse to drag that 'sound' or 'music' folder over to the Windows
   Explorer window you prepared, right onto the 'xtra' folder, and let go.
   7zip will now extract the sound or music folder into the xtra folder (while
   preserving the path structure).
   If you were extracting a sound pack or if you already installed a music pack
   previously then you will be prompted to overwrite files - choose "yes".
   Wait for the extraction process to finish.
5. Start or restart TomeNET and press CTRL+U in the game to view the audio
   mixer screen. If everything went smoothly it should say that a sound or a
   music pack or both have been found.
   If you don't have sound, make sure that your TomeNET.ini file (it's in your
   TomeNET folder, double-click it to view, can be opened with any normal text
   editor) says 'Sound=1' which it should by default if you haven't modified it
   earlier.

Alternative instructions (Linux/Mac OS X/in general):
-----------------------------------------------------
After you downloaded a sound pack or a music pack, extract it to your lib/xtra/
folder, preserving the archive pathname structure. You should end up with a
folder lib/xtra/sound/ and lib/xtra/music/ respectively, which contain config
files and further subfolders for either sound effects or background music.

Now start or restart the game, and you should have sound.
If you don't have sound, press CTRL+U for audio mixer: It should say that sound
and music pack have been detected if everything went alright, otherwise you see
a red error message.
Also verify  that your config file ("TomeNET.ini" on MS Windows, ".tomenetrc"
in your home folder on Linux or Mac OS X) has 'Sound' set to '1'.


(2.1b) Audio controls and config options
----------------------------------------
You can control mixer settings with CTRL+U key (or use CTRL+C to toggle music
and CTRL+N to toggle the master mixer on/off).

Note: Mixer settings are saved automatically, provided you use CTRL+X to quit.
(Compare troubleshooting section (8.6), problem 21.)

Also be sure to press '=' key to have a look at the audio options.

If you want to temporarily disable all loading/initializing of audio then
instead of editing the config file's 'Sound' entry you can just use the '-q'
command-line option.

If you want to use your own sound and music, and create audio packs for other
players, read (2.1b) below.


(2.1c) Manually editing sound and music configuration
-----------------------------------------------------
You can easily replace or disable certain sound effects or music, or even
create your own sound and music packs.

All audio files are in the sub-folders 'sound' and 'music' in the folder
TomeNET/lib/xtra/. You can just delete or replace the sound files and it'll
apply as soon as you start/restart the game. To convert your own sound files
to the appropriate format of already existing files, when you overwrite them,
use an audio editor, for example:

'Goldwave' is a good sound editor for Windows OS, which is free to use
  (although it asks for registration, but that's just optional.)
Alternatively, the free open source audio editor 'Audacity' is available
  for Linux, OSX and Windows.

For more specific editing, open the files 'sound.cfg' (in the sound folder) or
'music.cfg' (in the music folder, if a music pack has been installed) in any
text editor that supports unix line breaks (Notepad++ for example) and start
fine-tuning your audio. Both cfg files actually begin with some instructions
on what file types are supported and about the structure of the files aka how
to modify/add entries correctly.

For example if you want to disable a certain sound effect temporarily, open
sound.cfg in your text editor, locate the sound effect, and just put a '#'
symbol at the beginning of the line - that will effectively disable the whole
line. (Of course you could also just rename the actual sound file instead of
editing the cfg file; that way it cannot be loaded by the game anymore.)

If you want to edit sound or music configuration files in detail, you will
probably be starting off in one of these two situations:

A) You already have the official sound/music packs installed.

   In this case you can just happily edit the files sound.cfg and music.cfg
   (found in sub-folder TomeNET/lib/xtra/sound and TomeNET/lib/xtra/music
   respectively) if you want to change the actual filenames.

B) You have no packs installed. In this case, you will have pretty bare example
   configuration files in these two folders mentioned in 'A)', which are named
   sound.cfg.default and music.cfg.default.
   What you have to do in this case is:
   1) Do not edit these default files. Instead, make a copy of each, and call
      those copies 'sound.cfg' and 'music.cfg' respectively, and edit these!
   2) Since they're still pretty empty, you will have no ideas of the sound and
      music event names, save for the sound effects 'page', 'warning' and
      'greeting' which are specified by default.
      So to find out all the other event names, open the file 'audio.lua' in
      any text editor. This file is found in folder TomeNET/lib/scpt/.
      Now you can just add new lines to your sound.cfg and music.cfg files
      using the event names you see in audio.lua, in the same manner as the
      three already existing entries in sound.cfg.

      MAKE SURE you read the instructions written in the beginning of the files
      sound.cfg and music.cfg. They also tell you which audio formats you can
      use.

Note: Do not MODIFY the file audio.lua, it has nothing to do with editing your
      sound or music. Don't worry though if you accidentally modified it, it'll
      be automatically restored next time you log on to the server.


(2.1d) "Promoting" TomeNET on Steam ;)
--------------------------------------
In Steam's "Games" menu choose "Add a non-Steam game to my library".
Browse for the TomeNET.exe file and check it.
Click on "Add selected programs".

Now you can start TomeNET from your Steam library of games like any other game,
and if you do so then your Steam status will show that you are playing TomeNET!



(2.2) Starting TomeNET and getting to play on an internet server
----------------------------------------------------------------
To start the TomeNET client, run 'TomeNET.exe' or 'TomeNET-main.bat'.
(If you run the '.bat' file, the meta-server steps will be skipped and you
will be directly connected to the official main server instead.)
Now TomeNET tries to connect to a meta-server which contains a list of all
available TomeNET internet servers.
After the meta-server has been queried, the list of available servers will
appear in the main window. Choose a server that is near to your location to
avoid high latency.
(This step is reported to sometimes cause problems on Windows OS. If you don't
see that list, or if other problems occur, see (8.6) for possible solutions.)

Now you will be prompted to enter your account name and password. You can
choose these freely, the server will save that information and use it to
remember which characters belonged to you the next time you log on.
IMPORTANT: If you get kicked out with an error message after entering account
and password, it's likely because that account name is already in use by
someone else so your password was recognized as 'incorrect' since it was most
likely different from that user's password. Just try a different account name.
A player usually has exactly one account that can hold up to 8 characters.
In most cases newly created accounts have to be "validated" by a server
administrator to enable you to use the whole functionality of TomeNET. For
example it is common not to allow unvalidated players to drop items or money
to the ground. This is done to prevent certain cases of abuse.
If you accidentally chose an account name or character name which was already
taken by another player, you will be disconnected with an error message. In
that case, try again with different names.

Now that you have logged in you can create a new player character which will
represent you in the virtual world of Middle Earth!
To do so, press 'N' key in your character overview screen (showing you empty
character slots, since you haven't created any characters yet) and then enter
a name for your character. You may use the same name as your account name, if
you like.
Players logged on to the game are identified by 3 names:
-Nickname (character's name)
-Realname (account name)
-Hostname (The hostname of the connecting computer)
The hostname is not really important. However, make sure that all of these 3
names may only consist of letters, numbers, spaces, and all other characters
with an ASCII code between 32 (SPACE) and 122 ('z').
The realname and hostname must not be empty. The nickname (character name)
needs to start with a letter ('A'..'Z' or 'a'..'z').

Newly created accounts are marked as 'not yet validated' and have certain
limitations, which are:
Cannot drop items or chat privately with other players, or advance beyond a
certain level.
You will need an admin to 'validate' your account.
Usually, all you have to do is to keep playing/stay online for a bit until an
admin logs in, notices that you are new, and validates your account.
If that doesn't seem to happen, ask an admin directly, when you see one
chatting (Admin's names are displayed in dark blue in the chat).
If the server's intro screen mentions to send an email to an admin, try that
and specify your account name in it.

You may continue reading at (3.1), which explains details of the character
creation progress.



(2.3) Client options
--------------------
By pressing the '=' key in game, you can access the options menu where you can
tweak your client in some ways. Some of these options that aren't
self-explaining or that are especially important are listed in detail here:

(1 & 2) User Interface Options
    Rogue-like commands (rogue_like_commands)
        Toggles between normal key set and traditional rogue-like key set.

    Suppress server messages as far as possible (taciturn_messages)
        Will prevent some of the not-so-important server messages to be
        shown, for example 'You have <item>' when picking up an item.

    Don't display 'flavours' in item names (short_item_names)
        A 'Black Potion of Speed' will just be shown as a 'Potion of Speed'.

    Use additional predefined auto-inscriptions (auto_inscribe)
        Will provide a predefined (on server-side) set of item-inscriptions
        that will be applied automatically to some selected items, which are
        word-of-Recall items, various scrolls and a few potions.
        (These inscriptions are applied independantly of the custom auto
        inscription feature you can access with '&' key.)
        The server-side auto-inscriptions are currently:
            Scrolls of Phase Door:      @r1
            Scrolls of Teleportation:   @r2
            Scrolls of Word-of-Recall:  @r3@R
            Rods of Recall:             @z3@R
            Scrolls of Identify:        @r5!X
            Scrolls of Trap Detection:  @r8
            Scrolls of Magic Mapping:   @r9
            Scrolls of Satisfy Hunger:  @r0
            Potions of Healing:         @q1
            Potions of Speed:           @q2
            Potions of Resistance:      @q3
            Potions of Restore-L-Lev:   @q4
        Note: Already inscribed items are not touched.

    Hide unusable skills (hide_unusable_skills)
        Skills that your character cannot use will not be displayed in the
        skill menu invoked by 'G' key.

    A bunch of options for special visual effects and lighting.
        These options change how lighting is applied to lamp light and walls,
        lamp light colour and how walls are displayed depending on the font:
        font_map_solid_walls (depending on font displays walls as solid blocks)
        view_animated_lite (fire-based light sources flicker yellow-orange)
        view_bright_lite2 (darkens wall grids out of sight)
        view_yellow_lite (your light source lights up certain floor/wall grids)
        view_bright_lite (darkens floor grids out of sight)
        view_granite_lite (enables special lighting fx listed above for walls)
        view_special_lite (enables special lighting fx listed above for floors)

(3) Audio Options
    (See (2.1a) for more information about sound and music.)
    A bunch of stuff here, mostly you might want to look at attack-sound effect
    frequency. Some people don't like to have those be played on each single
    attack, so you can tweak them here.

(4 & 5) Game-Play Options
    Set 'AFK mode' automatically (auto_afk)
        Rogues might want to turn this off in order to sit out their blacklist
        timer in town.

    Double height of the map shown in the main window (big_map)
        Definitely enable this to see if you prefer it: It doubles the size of
        the game-play area displayed in the main window.

    Automatically open doors (easy_open)
        Your character attempts to open a door just by you moving into it.

    Scroll the screen more frequently (wide_scroll_margin)
        Should always be enabled! Will reduce probability for off-screen kills,
        since the screen scrolls much earlier when you come close to a border!

    Prevent floating for a short while after death (safe_float)
        For a few turns after your character dies you cannot float up or down
        with the '<' or '>' key. This prevents accidentally leaving the floor
        in case you were just trying to take a staircase right the moment you
        died, which would result in losing your items since the dungeon level
        would probably regenerate if you left it.

    Abort macro execution if an action fails (safe_macros)
        If any sub-action in a macro you execute fails then the whole macro/key
        queue will be discarded and cleared.
        This is useful if you for example have a spellcasting macro that would
        just do something weird in case you lost the according spell book and
        then tried to cast it anyway, accidentally.
        This only affects magic spells and monster traps.

    Clear @-inscriptions on taking item ownership (clear_inscr)
        When you pick up items that belonged to another player, any '@...'
        inscriptions will be rendered effectless by replacing the @ by a space.
        This is a security feature that is intended to prevent the inscriptions
        from interfering with the inscriptions on your own items.
        For example, your potions of healing might be inscribed @q1. If you now
        pick up a potion of heroism that someone else also inscribed @q1, it
        will be used the next time you press your 'q1' macro, because heroism
        potions are sorted in in the inventory before healing potions, which
        might cost your life if unlucky.
        Alternatively if you have this option turned off, you can just use the
        '}' key to uninscribe the items you get from someone else.

    Thin down screen flush signals to avoid freezing (thin_down_flush)
        Enabled by default, this discards all 9 of every 10 flush signals, so
        it reduces the animation delays to 10%.
        See below for an explanation of flush signals.

    Disable delays from flush signals (disable_flush)
        Completely disables the delay flush signals cause. Flush signals are
        signals sent by the server to make the client wait for 1 ms, which is
        used mainly to draw animations when casting spells or shooting,
        like the arrow flying or the balls of explosions.
        If you have a slow network or are lagging a lot, you may try to disable
        this. Certain animations might visually suffer from doing so.

(8) Check Server Options
    Displays a list of the server rules and configuration.

(A) Account options
    Here you can see if your account is valid. Invalid accounts are also
    indicated by a yellow 'I' in the players list you get with '@' key.
    Also, you can change your password here!

(W) Window flags
    Here you can configure each of the program windows in detail.
    It is recommended that you have one dedicated window for 'Display chat',
    so you don't miss important messages during combat.


(2.3a) Client options configuration files
-----------------------------------------
Don't forget to save options to a file after you changed them, so the change
becomes persistent and will be remembered next time you log on.
The following files will be automatically processed by TomeNET:

global.opt                      global client options, will be loaded on all
                                characters

global-<operating system>.opt   client options for specific OS, can be used to
                                have different options depending on whether
                                a Linux client is running in X11 mode or as
                                GCU terminal application. The file names would
                                be global-x11.opt and global-gcu.opt.

<character name>.opt            client options file that will be loaded for a
                                particularly named character only, if you log
                                on with it, eg "Gandalf.opt".



(2.4) Installing voice chat
---------------------------
While chatting in TomeNET is usually fine to communicate with other players and
party members in particular, using a real voice chat via headset (headphones +
microphone) can be much more effective, easier and more fun.

To support voice chat, there is actually an official TomeNET 'Mumble' server
running, Mumble being the name of the voice chat software. (The server part is
actually called Murmur, Mumble is the name of the client part and the project
name in general.)

Mumble provides excellent voice quality at low bandwith usage, and is a free
open source program, hence it is free of charge (both server and client).
It also allows sending text messages in case you don't have a microphone, those
can be automatically converted to speech, which is then read to the receipient.
(This feature can be turned off in the menu 'Configure' -> 'Text-To-Speech'.)
And same as Ventrilo or Teamspeak, Mumble allows for custom channel structures.
Mumble is available for all major platforms, ie Windows, Linux and Mac OS X.

Instructions to join the TomeNET Mumble server for voice chatting:
-Plug in a headset.
-Download the Mumble client from http://mumble.sourceforge.net/ and install it.
 NOTE: If you are looking for the Linux version, it should be in your package
 repository. No need to visit the sourceforge project website in this case.
-Go through the audio configuration (Audio Wizard) and possibly set up a key to
 push when you want your voice to be transmitted (or just select voice-
 activation, which will automatically transmit your voice when you speak).
-Go to menu 'Server' -> 'Connect' -> 'Add New..'
 and enter this server information to add the official TomeNET Mumble server:
 Label:     Choose any name you like, eg "TomeNET Voice Chat".
 Adress:    europe.tomenet.net
 Port:      23348
 Username:  Choose any name you like, it's your nickname on the Mumble server.
 Click 'Ok', select the newly added server in the list and click 'Connect'.

That's it. To change to a certain chat channel, simply double-click it.
You can only hear people in the same chat channel (or in a parent channel).


Troubleshooting Mumble:
-----------------------
PROBLEM:  You could connect fine, but after reinstalling Mumble you cannot
          connect anymore.
SOLUTION: Go to "Settings" -> "Certificate Wizard", create a new certificate.

PROBLEM:  You get a message "the remote host closed the connection".
SOLUTION: Can be caused by some firewalls interacting with mumble's quality of
          service optimizations. You can disable QOS in mumble:
          Windows/Linux:
           -click "Configure" -> "Settings".
           -look down to the bottom left corner and activate "Advanced".
           -click on "Network" on the left side panel.
           -deactivate/uncheck "Use Quality of Service".
          OS X:
           -in the top menu bar click "Mumble" -> "Preferences".
           -look up to the top right corner and activate "Advanced".
           -click on "Network" tab.
           -deactivate/uncheck "Use Quality of Service".



(3) Creating a character & starting to play
===========================================

(3.1) Creating a new character; character modes
-----------------------------------------------
To create a new character, you press either 'N' or 'E' key in your account
overview screen. 'N' is the normal way for creating a new character.

'E' is for creating a so-called 'exclusive' (or 'dedicated') character:
There are two character slots in your account that can be used for creating a
character dedicated to each of these special ways of playing:
 a) Ironman Deep Dive Challenge (IDDC, see (4.13) for details)
 b) Player versus Player (see 'PvP' further below in this section)
If you create such an exclusive character, you will be unable to use it for
anything else. The point of having exclusive character slots is to ensure that
even if your account is full of characters, you still have one slot available
to participate in IDDC and in PvP gameplay.
Note: A dedicated IDDC character will be killed and erased if it fails to enter
the IDDC dungeon (that is if it acquires any experience outside of it) or if it
recalls out of it at one of the static towns. The kill message will be:
"XXXX was killed by indetermination".

However, since this is your first character, just press 'N' to start the
creation progress, enter a character name, and continue reading.


First you may choose your gender. This will not have actual influence on your
strengths or weaknesses.


Next you have to choose your class. Spellcasters like Istari or Shamans are
physically weaker and especially hard to play for beginners.
If you choose a spellcaster, be aware that his casting ability depends on
either his INTelligence or his WISdom, depending on the actual class. For more
information about classes and their pros and cons see (6.5).
Spellcasting involves using 'macros' (see (3.6)) and might be a bit difficult
for beginners.
Classes definitely NOT recommended for beginners are:
Istar (mage), Priest, Shaman, Adventurer.


Then you have to choose your race. Humans are good allrounders, while the other
races are more or less specialized. For example half-trolls are usually quite
dumb but very strong, and hobbits are quite nimble and intelligent but not
very strong. For more information about races see (6.4).
A half-troll warrior might be the best choice for a beginner to try since he
is tough and has less chance of dying instantly in case you make a more
serious mistake. Also you don't have to worry about the spell-casting system
for now.
Note that the availability of various races will depend on the class you chose,
some class-race combinations are not possible.


Now you will see your six basic attributes STRength, INTelligence, WISdom,
DEXterity, CONstitution, CHaRisma.
IMPORTANT NOTE: For fighters (rogues also belong to these, ie all characters
that rely on close combat) that use weapons, it is important that you have
enough STRength and DEXterity to execute at least two attacks per round, called
bpr (blows per round, see (6.5a)).
Sometimes this requires you to get rid of your initial weapon and buy a very
light weapon, for example one of these:
 -dagger or main gauche (sword class),
 -whip (blunt class),
 -hatchet (axe class) or
 -spear (polearm class).
(For more information about the different weapon classes see (5.1a).)
Sometimes it is even possible to start out with 3 bpr (warriors mostly).

Depending on the server configuration, starting at TomeNET version 4.2.0,
there are 2 alternative stages of character creation that may follow now.

1) The old way - random stats:  (deprecated)
You see the short names for the 6 stats written from the left to the right
on the very bottom of the screen, and you're asked to choose a stat order.
You have to determine how important each of the 6 stats is to you by defining
an order. The first attribute you choose will be raised most.
However, know that all your stats are randomly modified slightly, each
character that you create even with same race and class will be a bit
different. Sometimes you are lucky and get really high attributes at the
beginning. And sometimes you get more gold to start with. If you don't like
the resulting stats after you finished character creation, suicide and start
over.

2) The new way since 4.2.0 - chosen stats:
You see your 6 stats written below each other, followed by a base number (10).
Right above them you see your free points (30) that you may distribute on the
stats. Use the numpad (numlock turned on) to navigate and increase or decrease
your stats until you used up all free points. Hit ESC when you're happy with
your choice.
In general, if you play a character that relies on close combat, try to at
least match the STR and DEX values shown in the table in the column titled
'Min. recommended, if possible'.
If you can do that then you should start with at least 2 bpr with a light
weapon, or even with your starting weapon. If your starting weapon already
gives 2 bpr you could still examine even lighter weapons in stores to find one
that gives you one more bpr i.e. 3 bpr and just discard your starting weapon.

Note: The stat points you distribute have no effect on the maximum value your
character can get by quaffing stat potions. These points to distribute are
basically just "free stat potions".


Now you can choose a difficulty level you wish to play on. Options are
n) Normal  g) no Ghost  H) Hellish  e) Everlasting
It is recommended that you choose either n) to play a normal character or g)
to play a normal character without a ghost.
You can also choose e), that will give your character an infinite amount of
resurrections, while 'normal' characters often have a limited amount of lives
(depending on the server configuration).

Mode: 'Normal'
--------------
A normal character will turn into a ghost if he dies. The ghost can be revived
by either visiting a temple or another living player using a magic scroll of
life when standing adjacent to the ghost. The ghost will return to the world
of living under the cost of a lot of experience but at least the player can
resume playing. If the ghost dies, the character will finally be erased
permanently, watch out!
Depending on the server configuration the number of times a ghost is limited,
standard is 3 lifes.

Mode: 'Everlasting'
-------------------
Create an everlasting character for an infinite amount of resurrections (with
the exception that they too are completely destroyed if they die to insanity.)
Everlasting characters can become king/queen, but cannot enter the high-score.
Other character types cannot use items that belong to everlasting
characters. Exception: Word-of-recall scrolls can be exchanged between an
everlasting and a non-everlasting player!
Non-everlasting and everlasting characters can't be in the same party.
If an everlasting King/Queen dies, he won't be destroyed but lose the
King/Queen status. To regain it, he needs to find another player who hasn't
killed Sauron and Morgoth yet and team up with him, because those two won't
(re)spawn for the everlasting player.
Since it was often asked: Non-everlasting and everlasting players can revive
each other without problems.
Everlasting characters can additionally use the 'Instant Resurrection' feature
offered by town temples, see (4.5a).

Mode: 'Unworldly' (no-ghost)
----------------------------
Unworldly characters are like normal characters, but they have only one life.
So if they die they cannot revive but are completely erased (no ghost will be
created.)
Note: This is the traditional rogue-like gaming mode.

Mode: 'Hellish' (extra hard no-ghost)
-------------------------------------
These are unworldly characters with extra penalties:
-1 point malus on each of the 6 character attributes
-healing is reduced by 25%
-AC is reduced by 50%
-ESP only works within radius of 20 squares
-any speed changes above or below +0 are reduced by 50%
-max number of melee attacks per round is reduced by 1.

Mode: 'PvP'
-----------
This is a special restricted mode that has nothing to do with normal gameplay.
If you're new to the game, it's absolutely not recommended to choose this.
More information about 'PvP' mode is given in (6.13).

Unworldly characters will receive 25% bonus on their high score.
Hellish characters receive 50% bonus on their high score.


Last you can choose a body modification. It's strongly recommended for
beginners to choose 'normal body' and NOT 'fruit bat'. ;)

Body: 'Fruit bat' (Batty)
-------------------------
A fruit bat is like a normal character, just not in humanoid shape but in bat
form! Fruit bats cannot equip weapons, body armour, boots or gloves.
These restrictions won't change even if they choose a class which can make use
if mimicry and thereby mimic a humanoid form (druid fruit bats would in fact be
the most ineffective choice).
However, fruit bats are twice as fast as normal characters at the beginning
(they get a flat +10 speed bonus added) and their melee attacks are somewhat
vampiric, making them leech life on each hit, replenishing their hit points.
Fruit bats are said to make good explorers. If you're new to the game, it's
absolutely not recommended to try and play fruit bat.


Note that race and class will have influence on how much experience you will
need to gain a new character level. For example, High-Elves already know a
lot, so experience is hard to gain for them. In fact they will need 130% more
experience than a human.

Creation of your character is now finished and you are asked to press a key to
start the actual game. Do so and take a minute to read the text that will
appear. It is called news or motd (message of the day) and often contains
important server-specific information or announcements to the players.



(3.2) The display (user-interface)
----------------------------------
After you logged in with a character you will now see yourself (you are the
'@' symbol, except if you chose 'fruit bat' body, then you'll be a 'b')
in the town of Bree in the main window.

You can move around in all 8 directions by using the number pad keys! You can
run by pressing the SHIFT key together with a direction key.
IMPORTANT: To run (SHIFT+direction) make sure that the Numlock key above your
number key pad on the right side of your keyboard is turned off. A green lamp
will usually indicate whether it is on or off.
Running will not work while awake monsters are in your line of sight, except
for the starting town of Bree, where running is always possible.

You can also use the arrow keys to move, but the numpad is better since it
allows you to move diagonally too, which is very important.

You can wear/wield items with 'w' (weapons, armour, light source..)
You can pickup items with 'g'. Drop items with 'd'. Destroy items with 'k'.
You can see a list of players who are currently online with '@' key. Other
 players eligible to form a party with you have their level displayed in light
 blue colour in this list. Press SHIFT+P to invoke the party menu.
You can chat with other players (say hello ^^) with ':' key.

The top right window will give an overview of your character attributes and
miscellanous abilities. The bottom right window will show the contents of your
backpack, also called inventory. All characters except ghosts have a backpack.
The bottom left window will show combat- chat- and server-messages. If most
of the windows stay totally empty, see (8.6) for possible solutions.
To the left border in the main window you see a short overview of your most
important stats:
-starting with your race
-your class
-your current title
 (the title will change as you gain experience levels by fighting monsters),
-followed by your character level
-your amount of experience
-and your cash ('Au' stands for Aurum, latin for gold)
-the 'encumberment' bar (blank at the beginning)
-a mini lag-o-meter bar displaying your 'ping' by coloured plusses, 1 plus
 symbol means your latency is below 50ms, each further plus symbol means 50ms
 more, so if you see +++ your latency is between 100 and 149 ms.
-your 6 character attributes:
 STRength, INTelligence, WISdom, DEXterity, CONstitution, CHaRisma,
-your current sanity (sound means you are completely sane, this might drop, for
 example if a mindcrafter blasts your mind with psionic energy, leaving you
 mad)
-then comes your Armor Class (AC) which describes how well you are protected
 by all the armor you're currently wearing.
-The next two values are most important and will change all the time while
 fighting monsters.
 They are your Hit Points (HP) and Mana Points (MP), current/maximum values.
 Mana points are very important for wizards, since they determine which spells
 and how many of them you can cast. The current hit points (Cur HP) tell you if
 you are injured. If they drop below zero you die!
 If they are the same as your Max HP then you are fully rested and physically
 healed.
-Next entry is your stamina (ST), if you chose a class that makes use of it.
 Stamina may allow you to employ special techniques accessed with 'm'.
-Below stamina is a 'flag bar' which displays certain combat-related modi of
 your character, if available to your class:
 -Combat stance (Bl = balanced, Df = defensive, Of = offensive, see (6.2))
 -Dual-wield mode (DH = dual-hand aka default, MH = main hand only, see (6.2))
 -Fire-till-kill toggle (FK = enabled, see (5.2a))
 -Project spells toggle (Pj = enabled, see (6.8))

Below that, there are further status indicators such as
-your current world map location (sector 32,32 aka the starter town of 'Bree'
 when you log in for the first time) and the 'AFK' status indicator
-as well as your food indicator ('full' by default). Note that if you don't
 eat when you become hungry you might get paralyzed sporadically and eventually
 even die of starvation!

By the way: If you enter the game and find that you don't like your
character and want to recreate it from scratch, you can suicide by pressing
'Q' (capital Q), followed by confirming the question if you really want to
suicide with 'y' and then finally verify your suicide with '@' key.
Note that a suicided character is completely and permanently gone (as is a
no-ghost/hellish character on mundane death).
Also see (0.2) for some details about suiciding.


(3.2a) The encumberment bar
---------------------------
Between AU and the mini lag-o-meter is a line indicating if you are encumbered
in any way. This line is blank by default, but may start to show little
coloured icons if your character becomes overburdened in some way.

If you are new to the game, you can skip the rest of this chapter for now,
as long as your encumberment bar doesn't show any icons in it, and continue
reading at (3.3) down below.

This line consists of the following icons that may show up:
(Order: From left to right)
    Brown (        Your armour is too heavy (tohit/sneakiness penalty).
    Red /          Your weapon is way too heavy for you.
                   You will receive extreme penalties on melee combat.
    Orange \       Your weapon isn't fit for your character (e.g. priest
                   using non-edged non-blessed weapons like swords).
                   You'll receive a big penalty on hit chance and damage.
    Yellow /       You are using a 1,5-h weapon together with a shield.
                   This is possible, but you will receive a penalty on
                   hit chance and damage.
    Green |        You are using a 1h weapon two-handed and get a small
                   bonus from that (works only for some of the weapons).
    Red [          Your shield is way too heavy for you.
                   You will receive extreme penalties on block chance.
    Red }          Your ranged weapon is way too heavy for you.
                   You will receive extreme penalties on ranged combat.
    Yellow }       You are using a shield on your arm, reducing your
                   accuracy with your ranged weapon.
    Light-red 'F'  You are martial arts user and your backpack is too
                   heavy, so that you don't receive Free Action from MA!
                   See (5.4) for more detailed information.
    Yellow (       You are martial arts user and your armour is too heavy.
                   You might receive various penalties (see (5.4)).
                   NOTE: Up to client version 4.4.2 this can stand for both,
                   the meaning described above and the meaning of 'Blue ('
                   described below. Starting with 4.4.2a, these two were
                   separated into yellow and blue '(' icon.
    Blue (         You're a rogue or using primarily rogueish skills such
                   as dodging or dual-wield which depend on especially
                   flexible armour (meaning: Your total armour weight must not
                   be too high), but your armour is exceeding that limit!
                   You will lose some of the benefits, see (5.5)!
    Violet (       Your armour is so heavy that it reduces your MP.
                   This only affects classes that have a mana pool.
    Violet ]    a) Your gloves are not made for spellcasting or too heavy,
                   reducing your MP.
                b) Your headgear is too heavy, impacting your ability to cast
                   mindcrafter school spells, reducing your MP. Only affects
                   characters who have trained in one or more of the
                   mindcrafter schools.
Also see (5.4) and especially (5.5) for more information about encumberment,
and for specific details about penalties that are applied.



(3.3) Behaviour, chat messages and chat modes
---------------------------------------------
You can chat with other players by pressing the colon key ':' once you have
joined a game with your character.
In general, don't hesitate to ask questions. Players are usually willing to
help you with the beginnings. Keep in mind that players often don't have time
to look at the chat while they are fighting monsters, that means if you write
to someone while he is in the dungeon, he often likely won't notice your
message. Politely try again after some time.
You can scroll back the messages using CTRL+P, or look at chat-only messages
using CTRL+O.

Please do not use foul language in chat. If you do, depending on the server
settings you might end up in jail.
Also, foul language is filtered by default. If you want to turn that off,
press  = 2  and toggle the client option "censor_swearing". (Requires client
version newer than 4.4.8a.)

You can also enter slash commands in the chat line. For details about slash
commands see (0.2).

To type a private message to someone, enter <name>:<text>
Example:    Hi!             <- goes to everyone
            C. Blue:Hi!     <- goes privately to the character named 'C. Blue'
In chat messages you can type a double colon '::' to force output of a normal
colon ':' instead of having it interpreted as separator for a private chat
message. Most smileys are recognized automatically and don't require you to
enter a double colon.

You can use colours in messages. To change the message colour, put a {
followed by a colour code somewhere into your message line.
Example:
        {pHi!               <- results in a 'poison-coloured' Hi!
        I see some {vh {Bto the east
                            <- results in "I see some h in the east"
                               where the 'h' is violet. The rest of the
                               message is light blue (standard colour).
If you cannot see coloured messages in your secondary Tomenet windows other
than the big main window, check your client option settings by typing  =1
and looking for 'Flicker messages in recall' (recall_flicker). Set it to
'yes'.
If you want to type the character '{' in a chat message, rather than using
it for a colour code, type it twice '{{'. It will become '{'.

Here is a list of colour codes (try not to annoy your fellow players :))
    d  black            b  blue             B  light blue
    D  dark grey        g  green            G  light green
    s  slate (grey)     r  red              R  light red (pink)
    W  white            u  umber            U  light umber
    w  bright white     y  yellow           o  orange           v   violet

    a  acidic           c  cold             e  electric         f   fire
    p  poison           L  light flicker    h  half-multi       m   multi
    A  dark flicker     S  sound            C  confusion        H   shards
    I  invulnerability  M  disruption shield


Character names in chat lines have different colours to indicate their status:

White           Normal player.
Light blue      Everlasting player.
Dark grey       No-ghost / hellish player.
Violet          Player character is king / queen.
Dark blue       Player is admin.
Red             Player is a ghost (ie dead).
Yellow          Player is a PvP-mode character.


Chat modes:
-----------
After pressing ':' key to enter chat mode, you may press TAB key to switch
between the three chat modes:
-normal
-party chat: All messages are sent exclusively to your own party.
-level chat: All messages are sent to everyone on your dungeon level.
-guild chat: All messages are sent to all your fellow guild members (if any).

Note: While TAB cycles forward, you can also press CTRL+U to cycle backwards,
CTRL+A to switch to 'normal' mode, CTRL+T to switch to 'party' (team) mode,
CTRL+G for 'guild' mode and CTRL+L for 'level' (floor) mode.


Also you can use the following prefixes in the beginning of a chat line,
to get similar behaviour as in one of the chat modes just for one line:
!:      Sends the following text to your current party.
$:      Sends the following text to your current guild.
#:      Sends the following text to everyone on your dungeon level.
        Note: While in town this will instead become a /say.
%:      Sends the following text to yourself (has some use in macros).
+:      Sends the following text to the last person who whispered us a private
        message, so it's sort of a 'reply' function.


Note that you can use CTRL+p and CTRL+n while in chat mode (':' key),
to repeat a message or command you previously typed.



(3.4) Start-up equipment
------------------------
Every new player has some items right from the beginning, stored in the
inventory (bottom right window). As a warrior you will have a chain mail and
a weapon, for example a sword.
Start-up equipment always has level 0 and cannot be used by other players!

You should now equip your start-up items, since they won't help you if
they stay inside the backpack. Press the key 'w', you will be asked which
item you would like to wear or wield, choose the letter in front of the item
inside your inventory, for example e) if the sword is the fifth item in your
backpack. Equip both, sword and armor this way, or whatever items you start out
with - some characters start with a cap and a cloak, others with an axe..
You can also equip a lightsource like a torch or lantern this way. If it is
night in town that will help you to see anything. Inside a dungeon you should
always make sure that you have a lightsource equippped.

Startup items that you don't want to use you may simply destroy with 'k'.
In town, you can see rectangular blocks that rensemble buildings. These are the
town stores. They each have an entrance, rensembled by a number '1' to '7' as
well as '9' and '+' symbols. These are the different shops that you can enter
to sell or buy items. It is recommended that instead of using your torches, buy
a brass lantern from store '1' (General Store), because a lantern provides more
light, increasing your radius of sight in the darkness. Also buy a flask of oil
for your lantern to refill it if it runs out of oil (press SHIFT + f).

Press '?' to see an in-game introduction and overview of the keys and commands
that you may use. For example 'e' will show your currently equipped items.
You can chat with other players using the ':' key. This way you can also enter
certain commands like /fill to fill an empty bottle with water of a fountain.
At the beginning, all players receive a parchment with their start-up
equipment. It's the "Gazette". Press 'r' to read it. It may contain some notes
about the server or hints for newbies.


(3.4a) Item basics
------------------
When you've logged in and look at your inventory (your backpack, basically),
ie the items your character starts with, you will see various item names that
give you some sort of idea what the item is good for, along with some cryptic
numbers and brackets.
The meaning of these will be explained here:

a Ration of Food {0,+}
    Pretty straightforward, this is an item that you can consume if you get
    hungry. To do so, use SHIFT+e to 'eat' this item.
    The {..} part means the following:

    The number in it is the level required to use this item. 0 means that you
    started out with this item, ie it was given to your character on birth.

    The '+' symbol means that you OWN the item. If it was someone else's ration
    then you would see his name written there instead of the '+', for example:
    a Ration of Food {0,Gandalf}.
    If the owner died and the item hasn't been picked up yet by someone else
    who meets the level requirements, it will display a '-' instead of a name,
    meaning it has been owned, but the owner died. Example:
    a Ration of Food {0,-}.

    If you own an item or found an item, then the level requirements won't
    matter. Even if they are much higher than your level, you can still use it.

    The level requirements are only important for TRADING an item:
    If the character who receives the item is too low to match the level
    requirement, he won't become the owner of the item and therefore will be
    unable to use the item until he reaches the level. He can still carry the
    item in his inventory though, but it will be displayed in dark grey to him,
    indicating that it isn't usable yet.

    Note that you usually can neither trade nor sell items that are level 0.
    Food is an exception to this rule, since it can be traded (but not sold).

a Chain Mail {0,+} (-2) [14,+0]
    The {..} part is already known, it's the same as for the ration described
    above. What's new is the [..] part, which all types of armour have:

    The (-2) part is a to-hit malus. This armour reduces your to-hit value by
    2, because of its bulkiness. Lighter armour has -1 or no to-hit malus,
    heavier armour may have even more than -2.

    Rectangular brackets [..] describe 'Armour Class' or short AC. AC is a
    number that tells you how well the item helps to protect you when a monster
    (or a player whom you duel) hits you.

    The first number stands for the item's 'base AC'. All 'Chain Mails' have
    the same base AC of 14. All 'Metal Caps' have a base AC of 3, and so on.

    The second number, here a +0, can vary: It is this item's magical
    enchantment. It is simply added to the base AC to determine the total AC
    this item provides.

    For example a Chain Mail [14,+3] is magically enchanted 3 times, and
    therefore will provide you with 17 AC instead of just 14, ie 14+3.
    Armour class helps for both: Reducing the chance to get hit, and reducing
    the actual damage you suffer in case you are hit.

    Likewise, if you fight an acidic monster for example, the acid might damage
    your Chain Mail, and turn it into for example a Chain Mail [14,-2].
    This Chain Mail only provides you with 12 AC. You can 'repair' it if you
    want to, by buying 'Scrolls of enchant armour' from store 5 in town.
    These will try to enchant a piece of armour, so if you are lucky you can
    just use two of them on your armour and end up with a Chain Mail [14,+0]
    again. Note that enchanting has a chance to fail, depending on how high
    an item has been enchanted already.

a Long Sword {0,+} (2d6) (+0,+0)
    Again the {..} part is already know. What's new for all types of weapons is
    the (2d6) and the (+0,+0) part:

    Like in Dungeons & Dragons, on which rules some aspects of the game are
    loosely based, when your character attacks a monster (or another player),
    dice are cast to determine the amount of damage your blow deals.

    The (2d6) mean that when you hit someone with this weapon, two dice of six
    sides each are cast, so you may deal anything from 2 to 12 damage randomly.
    (The real damage the target suffers can possibly be further reduced by the
    target's armour class or protective magic.)

    Similar to armour, weapons can be enchanted too. This is the second pair of
    brackets: (+0,+0).

    The first +0 means that this weapon has no magical enchantment to its hit
    chance, ie how likely it is to hit a target.

    The second +0 means that this weapon has no magical enchantment to the
    damage it deals. Example:
    a Long Sword (2d6) (+5,+6) would add 5 to your hit chance, which isn't very
    much, but still better than nothing. Probably worth more is the fact that
    it also adds 6 to your damage dealt!
    This means on each attack it will deal 2d6 +6 damage, which would be
    anything from 2+6 to 12+6, ie 8..18. As you can see, this is a considerable
    improvement over 2..12 of an unenchanted Long Sword.

    Note that training weapon-related skills will also add to your overall
    +damage bonus. So your character might have +34 to-damage using a mere
    Long Sword (2d6) (+9,+15), with the remaining +19 damage coming from your
    'Sword-Mastery' skill that you trained.

    Also note that often it can be better to wield lighter weapons instead of
    heavier weapons, if you can attack more often during each round with them.
    Example: A light dagger might allow you to attack 3 times, while a heavy
    two-handed sword will only allow you one swing each turn. Here you will
    have to do some math with the weapon dice, your total +damage from weapon
    and skill, and the number of blows/round you get with each weapon, to find
    out which setup is best for your character at a given time.

a Long Bow {0,+} (x3) (+0,+0)
    Ranged weapons all have a 'multiplier' given in the first pair of round
    brackets, and the (+hit,+dam) enchantments already known from normal melee
    weapons.

    The multiplier, here x3, means two things:
    a) how far you can shoot
    b) by how much the damage dealt by your arrow (or shot or bolt, depending
       on the weapon type) will be multiplied.
    This means that enchanting a ranged weapon's damage is especially effective
    because the +damage bonus will also be multiplied by the weapons's factor!
    Example: a Long Bow (x3) (+2,+4) will actually add not +4 but 3x+4 = +12
    damage to each shot! This is why archers should try to visit store 5 as
    soon as possible to buy some 'Scrolls of enchant weapon to-dam' from it,
    to enchant their bows or other ranged weapons.

a Wooden Torch {0,+} (with 2500 turns of light)
    Not much new here, except that this item has a 'timeout' given in turns.
    After having this item equipped for 2500 turns (about half of that in
    seconds, very roughly), the torch will be depleted and not produce any
    more light, so you can drop/destroy/sell it, or press SHIFT+f to add
    a fresh torch from your inventory to your almost depleted one, thereby
    refueling it (this makes sense if you are using a torch that provides
    special magic powers).

If you buy a shovel or pick from store '1' to dig up treasure veins, it looks
like this:
a Pick {+,1} (0,+2) (+1)
    The to-hit and to-dam bonus do not count for fighting, but instead slightly
    help digging. The main factor though is the (+1). For digging tools, this
    bonus describes their main digging power. The to-hit and to-dam effect is
    rather small compared to this main factor. Also, the weight of your digging
    tool also has a little effect (the heavier the better).
Later on in the game you might find 'ego' digging tools, for example:
a Pick of Digging {+,9} (+5,+9) (+1) (+3)
    It's basically same as the normal pick, except it has a second (+3) mod at
    the end. This belongs to the 'of Digging' suffix and, same as the (+1),
    further increases the digging ability, in the same way the (+1) does.
    So overall you can just view it as if it was a Pick (+4) (1 plus 3).
(See (5.21) for details about digging.)


(3.4b) Items that are always tradable
-------------------------------------
Certain items can always be traded, no matter the item level or owner mode (ie
everlasting vs non-everlasting vs pvp). They will in turn receive a 100% value
discount on trading. Those items are:

-Any kind of food
-Scrolls of Satisfy Hunger
-Scrolls of Word of Recall
-Amulets of the Highlands
-Game pieces (eg chess, heavy ball)



(3.5) Preparing the first time for fighting enemies
---------------------------------------------------
Before you enter a dungeon by stepping onto a staircase leading into the earth
(looks like this: '>') and pressing the staircase symbol '>' you will have to
buy some more items for the following reasons:
At the very beginning a single enemy who is a little bit stronger could kill
you easily without you having a chance to escape. At the same time,
slaying strong opponents at the very beginning will give very much experience,
thus making your character rise in experience levels and in power very
quickly!
Going deep down into the dungeon with a very low character level in hope of
meeting a monster that gives lots of experience while at the same time is not
too hard to kill is called "diving" and often is kind of suicide while
sometimes very rewarding.
However, buying certain items will greatly raise your chance of escaping from
dangerous situations alive or even slaying tough opponents. Also, by buying
an item (like magic potions or scrolls) your character will remember what it
'looks like' and instantly recognize it if you find some of the same type in
the dungeon. If you find a potion/scroll unknown to your character you will
have to either use it or sell it to a shop or use a scroll of identify to find
out what it is.
So to prepare for hunting in the dungeon, buy:
-Potion of Heroism (maybe just one, for when you encounter a unique monster)
-Potion of Cure Light/Serious Wounds
-Scroll of Phase Door
The more you can buy of those the better. At least buy one potion of Heroism
and Cure Serious Wounds.
And if you still have spare money (this one costs a lot) a
-Scroll of Word-of-Recall. (See "(0.3) Important inscriptions" for more info.)



(3.6) Creating basic macros & inscribing items
----------------------------------------------
Macros are absolutely obligatory, you _will_ need them, so read this
carefully and if something isn't explained well, ask your fellow players to
clarify.

In turn-based single-player rogue-like games you always have enough time to
press "q" (quaff a potion) followed by the according inventory slot, for
example b) (if there is a potion of cure critical wounds in the second
inventory slot).

However, TomeNET is multiplayer and real-time. This means you don't have
enough time to look at your inventory and search the correct letters for items
which you might need *this instance* to avoid certain death. Often situations
get hectic, for example if all of a sudden dark-elven warlocks come around
the corner while you are engaging a pack of wolves, then you need kind of a
panic button that quickly transports you out of trouble.

To comply with this need, a macro system has been implemented, allowing you to
program freely choosable keys of your keyboard to perform a series of other
keypresses or commands when pressed. These macros can also interact with
certain items of your inventory by using "item inscriptions". You can inscribe
items (usually with the '{' key) as often as you like to, the inscription is
for example useful if an item has special abilities that you want to remember
by looking at it. To remove an inscription, use the } key.
You would for example inscribe an Elven Cord Armor that you know helps you to
resist the effects of poison. Then it might look like this in your inventory:
Before: d) an Elven Cord Armor [6,+20] (+1) {+,10}
After:  d) an Elven Cord Armor [6,+20] (+1) {+,10} {resists poison!}
Inscriptions don't just help you to remember the abilities of certain items,
they can also interact with the macro system and other aspects of the game.

Usually if you want to quaff your potion of Heroism or read a scroll of Phase
Door, you would press keys 'q' 'c', q for quaff, then c for third inventory
slot for example, or 'r' 'd' (r for read, then d for the fourth inventory
slot, if your scroll resides here).
However, if you just picked up another potion, your inventory order might be
changed and you had to remember the new positions of your vital potion and
scroll.

Now we are going to create three macros that will instantly quaff the potions
or read a scroll of recall, no matter where in the inventory they exactly are,
on a single keypress! Inscribe the potion of Heroism "@q1", the scroll of
Phase Door "@r1" and the potion of Cure Light Wounds "@q2".
It should look like this now:
b) a potion of Heroism {+,1} {@q1}
c) a potion of Cure Light Wounds {+,1} {@q2}
d) a scroll of Phase Door {+,1} {@r1}

Now we will create macros that make use of these items. Invoke the macro menu
by pressing '%' key. Then choose "(a) Enter a new action" and enter the
following two characters and press Enter:
q1
Now choose "(h) Create a hybrid macro", then press the F1 key.
Now enter a new action, this time q2 instead of q1. Create another macro, this
time hit F2. Then Enter the third macro, r1, and choose F3 key.
Have your TomeNET client save the macros to a file on your hard disk, in your
TomeNET directory at \lib\user by choosing "(s) Save macros" and entering a
filename, or simply confirming the shown default file name which is the same
as your character (recommended!).

Now if you press F1 you will automatically quaff the potion of Heroism, F2 for
Cure Light Wounds and F3 to read the scroll. You are ready to enter the
dungeon now. If you still have some spare money, buy a flask of oil to fuel
your lantern if it runs out, as well as some rations of food in case you get
hungry.
The next time you log on, you may load your previously saved macro file by
invoking the macro menu again ('%'), choosing "(l) Load macros" and
entering the filename. If you saved the macros to the same name as your
character, they will be automatically loaded, saving you that hassle.

An even simpler way to create macros is the 'macro wizard' described in (3.7c).


The macro recorder:
-------------------
Note that instead of entering an action string (such as 'q1' or 'r5'), the
macro menu also provides a 'macro recorder', which when invoked will record
all your key presses until you enter the macro menu again. Then the keys
you pressed will be the default action that you can directly bind to a trigger
key by choosing normal, command, or hybrid macro.


Note that while it is probably overkill to create macro hotkeys for items
which aren't as important as healing or teleportation, inscribing them can
still be helpful because it allows you to easily access them.

Example: You inscribed your flasks of oil @F1 . Now if your lantern is running
low on oil you just type the keys 'F' (to fill) and '1' instead of having to
search your inventory for the correct slot letter the oil flasks reside at.
Same goes for other items that aren't used in time-critical situations during
combat but nevertheless regularly, like scrolls of identify.

If two items have the same inscription, for example Potions of Cure Critical
Wounds @q1 and Potions of Healing @q1, the item which is above the others in
your inventory is chosen. So in this example you'd first use up all CCW
potions, then use the healing potions because CCW are located above healing
potions in your inventory. You can uninscribe items with the '}' key.


Loading macros automatically:
-----------------------------
If you save your macros to a filename that is the same as your character's
name and add a '.prf' at the end, it will be automatically loaded as you
join a game with your character, which is very helpful!
Example: If your character is named 'Kinkan', save the macros to Kinkan.prf
to have them loaded automatically.
Note: If you're using a Linux version, remember that the file system is
case-sensitive, so don't save your macros to 'kinkan.prf' since your character
actually starts with a capital 'K' or the file won't be loaded. Make sure
the filename and character-, class- or race-name are exactly the same
('Dwarf.prf', 'High-Elf.prf', 'Ranger.prf'..).
Another option is to save the macros to a file named 'global.prf' (all lower
case letters). This is a special macro file that will always be loaded, for
all characters of yours.
You can also save macros to <racename>.prf or to <classname>.prf, like
Warrior.prf to have them being auto-loaded on all characters of that class.
Priority order (latter one overrides prior one):

These files are meant to store client options and configuration,
you should NOT use them for macros:
-----------------------------------
pref.prf (global for all OS and users on the system)
*.opt files (client options configuration files, ending on ".opt")
pref-<operating system>.prf (loaded if under the specific operating system)
graf-<operating system>.prf OR font-<operating system>.prf
                            (loaded if using graphics / ascii font on the
                             specified system)
user-<operating system>.prf (loaded if under the specific operating system)

These files can be used for saving your macros to without problems:
-------------------------------------------------------------------
'global.prf' (is always loaded for any character the player logs in with.
               be sure to use all lower-case letters, not 'Global.prf'!)
<race>.prf (for the specific race)
<class>.prf (for the specific class)
<character name>.prf (for the specific character the player logged in with)

It is recommended to use only race/class/account/character preference files
for storing your macros.


Command macros:
---------------
Command macros are only executed if the game isn't currently waiting for a
specific input, for example "quaff which potion?" or while you're typing chat
messages. That means they won't "disrupt" any other command which is currently
being run. This is convenient for keys which you use in chat, but can be
dangerous if you define vital macros as command macros.
It is recommended to make your most important macros normal macros or at least
hybrid macros (for example a "panic key" macro). Command macros don't work
in shops.


Hybrid macros:
--------------
Use 'create hybrid macro' instead of 'create normal macro' in case you don't
want the macro to appear on hitting the corresponding key in a normal chat
message (for example useful for '-' key so it won't prevent you from
inscribing your word-of-recall scrolls).
Hybrid macros still work within input requests such as "quaff which potion?",
just not in STRING INPUT such as chat lines, polymorph-codes or money amounts.
Hybrid macros don't work in shops.


Delete macros:
----------------
If you accidentally bound a macro to a key which wasn't free, for example
the key 'r' which is used to read a scroll, you can reset the key by
-pressing % to invoke the macro menu
-choosing '(d) - delete macro'
-pressing the key wich you want to reset.



(3.7) Creating macros for ranged attacks & abilities (spells)
-------------------------------------------------------------
Note: This section is becoming pretty advanced. If you want to try an easier
method but miss a nice fundamental explanation on the way macros work, you
may just jump to (3.7c) now, where the comfortable macro wizard is explained!

Those macros basically consist of three parts.
1. Clearing the keyboard buffer (to avoid your character locking up in
   an attack queue if you hammer the trigger button for a ranged attack).
2. Designating a target.
3. Attacking the designated target.
What does the macro look like? (Note: Keys could vary depending on your
key set definitions. Throwing might be 't' instead of 'v' etc.)
For..
a) casting a magical spell
    Press 'm' to see your choices of casting magical spells. Let's assume you
    see this menu then:
        a) check dodge chance
        b) cast a spell
    Now we want 'b'. Press it to see a list of your magical books in your
    inventory. Let's assume you have learned spell 'a)' from book 'b)' in
    your inventory. Since the order of your books could change if you pick up
    new items or drop old ones, we will inscribe your magical book that is
    currently at position 'b)' like this (press '{' key to inscribe):
    @m2
    The '2' is our own choice. We could've used 7 or 0 if we wanted to. Note
    that it must be a single digit! @m20 does not work.
    Now we can create the macro.
    -Press '%' to invoke the macro menu,
    -press 'a' to enter a new action,
    -enter:    \e)*tmb2a-
     This means:    \e)     clear the keyboard buffer
                    *t      designate the closest enemy as the target for the
                            spell (if there is an enemy)!
                    m       invoke the ability menu
                    b       choose 'b) cast a spell'
                    2       use the magical book which is inscribed @m2
                    a       use spell 'a)' from this book
                    -       use previously designated target as direction, if
                            that target is actually valid. Otherwise cancel the
                            spell!
    -press ENTER key to accept that macro,
    -now hit 'h - create a hybrid macro'
    -hit the key you want to bind this macro to, for example the 'F1' key.
     F-keys are a good choice for macros, since they're not used otherwise.
    -To save your macros, press 's - Save macros' and enter a filename of
     your choice. If you want your macros to be loaded automatically when you
     log in with your character, save them to '<yourname>.prf'. For example
     to 'Gandalf.prf' if your character is called 'Gandalf'.
     If your macros are not automatically loaded, you'll have to do it
     manually after logging in, by pressing % and choosing 'l - Load macros',
     then specifying the according filename.
    Note that if your character gains additional abilities that show up
    in the 'm' menu, it might happen that 'b) cast a spell' becomes
    'c) cast a spell' which would require you to redefine your macros.
    Fortunately there is a way around this, by using Ability Codes instead of
    letters to pick a skill to use. See 'Ability codes' below.
    Further, in (3.9b) a way of casting spells (or using items in general)
    without relying on inscriptions at all will be explained!
b) throwing an item at a monster (or player)
    Throwing would be done by pressing 'v', followed by the item and either
    one of the 8 directions or '*t' to designate the closest enemy as the
    target.
    The macro:
    -Press '%' to invoke the macro menu,
    -press 'a' to enter a new action,
    -lets assume the item you want to throw is at position 'c)'.
     It's 'c) 3 potions of blindness'.
     You could now either specify the slot 'c)' in the macro or you could
     inscribe the potions @v1 and replace the c in the macro string by a 1.
     Inscribing has the advantage that if the potions change their location
     in your inventory you could still throw them. If you use 'c' you'd just
     throw the item at position 'c)' even if the potions are currently 'd)'.
     Examples:
     enter:    \e)vc*t      or      \e)v1*t
     This means:    \e)     clear the keyboard buffer
                    v       throw an item
                    c   OR  1
                            choose 'c) 3 potions of blindness' OR
                            choose the item for throwing which is currently
                            inscribed @v1
                    *t      designate the closest enemy as the target!
    -press ENTER key to accept that macro,
    -now hit 'h - Create a hybrid macro'
    -hit the key you want to bind this macro to, for example the 'F2' key.
     F-keys are a good choice for macros, since they're not used otherwise.
    -Don't forget to save your macro by pressing 's - Save macros' if you
     plan to use it again.
c) firing your equipped ranged weapon (sling, bow, crossbow)
    The keys we need are 'f' to fire and a direction key or *t to simply
    target the closest enemy.
    The macro:
    -Press '%' to invoke the macro menu,
    -press 'a' to enter a new action,
    -Since ammunition for firing or a boomerang is always at a fixed position
     in your equipment, we do not need any inscriptions on the weapon or
     ammunition - the game knows which item we want to use since there's only
     one possible choice.
     enter:    \e)*tf-
     This means:    \e)     clear the keyboard buffer
                    *t      designate the closest enemy as the target!
                    f       fire an item (boomerang, if equipped) or
                            fire ammunition (if launcher & ammo is equipped)
                    -       use previously designated target as direction, if
                            it's still valid, otherwise cancel firing!
    -press ENTER key to accept that macro,
    -now hit 'h - Create a hybrid macro'
    -hit the key you want to bind this macro to, for example the 'F2' key.
     F-keys are a good choice for macros, since they're not used otherwise.
    -Don't forget to save your macro by pressing 's - Save macros' if you
     plan to use it again.
d) zapping a magical rod or aiming with a magical wand
    Rods are used by 'z' (zap a rod) and wands by 'a' (aim a wand),
    followed by the item and either one of the 8 directions or '*t' to
    designate the closest enemy as target.
    The macro:
    -Press '%' to invoke the macro menu,
    -press 'a' to enter a new action,
    -lets assume you want to aim the wand at position 'c)'.
     It's 'c) a wand of magic missiles'.
     You could now either specify the slot 'c)' in the macro or you could
     inscribe the wand @a0 and replace the c in the macro string by a 0.
     Inscribing has the advantage that if the potions change their location
     in your inventory you could still throw them. If you use 'c' you'd just
     throw the item at position 'c)' even if the wand currently is at 'd)'.
     Examples:
     enter:    \e)*tac-      or      \e)*ta0-
     This means:    \e)     clear the keyboard buffer
                    *t      designate the closest enemy as the target!
                    a       aim a wand (or 'z' to use a rod here)
                    c   OR  0
                            choose 'c) a wand of magic missiles' OR
                            choose the item which is currently
                            inscribed @a0   (or @z0 for a rod)
                    -       use previously designated target as direction, if
                            it's still valid, otherwise cancel firing!
    -press ENTER key to accept that macro,
    -now hit 'h - Create a hybrid macro'
    -hit the key you want to bind this macro to, for example the 'F2' key.
     F-keys are a good choice for macros, since they're not used otherwise.
    -Don't forget to save your macro by pressing 's - Save macros' if you
     plan to use it again.

What happens if you leave out the '\e)' part?
Well, that means the commands that aren't processed yet will stay in the
buffer and wait for execution. Example:
You hit the macro  *tf-  30 times rapidly. Now your character will shoot 30
times with his bow. However, since he's quite slow, this might take him 30
seconds! You now sit in front of your keyboard and watch your character
process all the remaining 30 shots. If suddenly an enemy appears that needs
you to teleport away because it's too dangerous, you couldn't press any key
until the 30 shots are finished. The character is 'locked'.
The ')' in the macro '\e)*tf-' clears all previous keypresses and hence
allows you to hammer the macro without fearing a lock.


(3.7a) Ability codes
--------------------
A problem with the 'm' key is that it not only brings up your magic spells
but a menu containing all skills you can use. Those can be arrow fletching
or dodging for example.
Now you would have to rewrite your macros each time you gain another ability,
since entries in 'm' menu might shift if a new skill gets inserted somewhere.
To avoid this, you can directly choose which skill (ie spell-casting) you
want to use in your macros, by specifying the "ability code"!

Here is a list of all available ability codes:
3       Use innate power (for mimicry-users)
4       Toggle Fire-till-kill mode, usable by anyone. See (5.2a).
5       Fighting techniques (see (6.12))
6       Shooting techniques (see (6.12))
8       Check your dodge chance (for dodging skill)
(included in '6' now: 9       Create ammunition (for archery skill))
10      Set a monster trap (for trapping skill, see (4.7))
11      Cast a magic spell / recite a holy prayer
12      Draw a rune (for runecraft, see '(6.8b) Runes & Runemastery')
13      Change combat stance (for combat stances skill)
14      Check your chances of parrying and blocking (for melee fighters,
        see (6.11) for details about these abilities)
15      Toggle 'Aura of Fear' if you have trained the according skill.
16      Toggle 'Shivering Aura' if you have trained the according skill.
17      Toggle 'Aura of Death' if you have trained the according skill.

After the ability code has been entered you need to press Enter to confirm it.
In a macro, this is done by '\r' (one of the so-called escape sequences).
Example for a macro that directly specifies the ability code to cast the magic
spell "a) Manathrust" from book "a) Beginner Cantrips" on the closest monster:

\e)*tm@11\r2a-

What does that mean?
\e  ->  escape any pending input request, if there is any
        (so we don't have to press ESC before casting the spell in case we're
         currently 'L'ooking around or something)
)   ->  clear the keyboard buffer (removes all pending keypresses that haven't
        been processed yet due to slow character speed, so we become instantly
        ready to perform our mana thrust spell _now_)
*t  ->  choose the closest monster as target
m   ->  invoke an ability
@   ->  specify an ability code directly
11  ->  the code for 'cast a magic spell/recite a holy prayer'
\r  ->  press Enter to confirm
2   ->  cast from book 2 (inscription on the book must be @m2)
a   ->  cast spell "a)" (Manathrust)
-   ->  use previously designated target as direction, if it's still valid,
        otherwise cancel the spell!

(That macro basically does the same as:
*tmb2a-
..assumed that entry 'b)' in the ability menu (invoked by 'm') is
'b) Cast a spell'. Except for escaping and clearing the keyboard buffer.)

An even better way to cast spells is to not rely on book inscriptions, but to
cast spells by name instead. That way you won't have to redo spells when your
books change. See (3.9b) for details, or (3.7c) for the 'macro wizard', which
uses cast-by-name by default for all macros you create in it (yet can also
handle call-by-inscription).


(3.7b) Quick'n'dirty macros
---------------------------
Macro actions can be complex and hence time-consuming to enter and prone to
errors furthermore.
To allow you to quickly hack in macro actions, there's the Quick'n'Dirty
option in the macro menu, which will accept short cut characters instead of
the usual full macro.

On entering the macro action, those characters will be automatically expanded
to their real functionality. They are:
  P for using a mimic's innate power
    Example:  Pd
    Uses innate power 'd)', which is the first real innate spell after the
    three polymorph powers themselves, which always comprise a) to c).
  I for using a mimic's 'transform-into-specific' power.
    Example:  I191
    This will become  \e)@m3\rc191\r  (transform into a Grizzly Bear).
    Clients of versions greater than 4.4.8c also support entering a monster
    name instead of its code, example:  I@Fruit bat\
  F for employing a fighting technique
    Example:  Fa
    (Use fighting technique 'a)', which usually is 'sprint'.)
  S for employing a shooting technique
    Example:  Sa
    (Use shooting technique 'a)', which is probably 'flare'.)
  M for casting a spell
    Example:  M@Phase Door\
    Becomes  \e)m@11\r@Phase Door\r  (cast spell 'Phase Door'.)
  R for drawing a rune
    Examples:  Rcbaa  or Rc\raa  to draw 2 or just 1 rune.
    (The last two 'a' being spell modifier and spell form respectively.)
  T for setting up a trap
    Example:  T13
    Set up the monster trap inscribed '@m1' or '@1' loaded with item inscribed
    '@m3' or '@3'. (Becomes '\e)m@10\r13'.)
  s for changing a stance
    Example:  sa  (switches to stance 'a)' ie balanced combat stance.)
  @...\ for using call-by-name (spell/item name must be between '@' and '\')
    (Examples have been given above, in some spell casting explanations.)

All other keys are taken over unmodified, like 'f' for firing a ranged weapon.

Also, '\e)' is automatically prefixed, and the most fitting macro type
automatically chosen (depending on the trigger key).

Additional examples:
Example 1: Firing your ranged weapon would just be..
        *tf-
    (which gets expanded to '\e)*tf-'.)

Example 2: Assumed your book is inscribed @m1 as usual, and you want to cast
    spell a). What you can simply enter in the q'n'd field is:
        *tM1a-
    and it will automatically be expanded to the real macro '\e)*tm@11\r1a-'.

Example 3: Assumed you have the spell Manathrust somewhere in your books and
    want to cast it by name, what you enter in the q'n'd field is:
        *tM@Manathrust\-
    and it will automatically be expanded to '\e)*tm@11\r@Manathrust\r-', voila.

Example 4: Casting phase door would be..
        M@Phase Door\
    (expanded to '\e)m@11\r@Phase Door\r'.)


(3.7c) The macro wizard
-----------------------
The easiest (and therefore most limited) way to create a macro is to invoke the
built-in macro creation wizard. If you are new to the game and too impatient to
figure out how to create macros manually, you might want to give this a try.

To invoke it, enter the macro menu by pressing '%', then press 'z' to bring up
the wizard.

The wizard will lead you through three steps with detailed on-screen
instructions, allowing you to create macros from a couple of pre-defined
command choices which should cover almost all situations.

If the option 'Rogue-like commands' is set to 'yes' when creating a macro in
the macro wizard, rogue-like command keys will be used in the macro action.

(The macro type, ie command/hybrid/normal will be chosen automatically for you,
same as when using Quick'n'Dirty macro creation.)

NOTE: Whenever the macro wizard asks you to enter a partial name of an item to
      use in the macro you may alternatively enter an item inscription instead
      if you prefer that!
      This works simply because item inscriptions are part of the 'item name'
      which the macro wizard parses.
      Example:
      If you create a macro to quaff a potion and the wizard asks you to enter
      the potion name or part of it you may instead just enter
          @q1
      and the resulting macro will attempt to quaff potions inscribed @q1.


(3.7d) Specifying directions and targets
----------------------------------------
Whenever you use an attack spell or a wand or rod that cast bolts or balls,
the game prompts you to enter a direction.

In our macros so far we have answered that question by specifying '*t' instead
of an actual direction ie one of: 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9.
We have learned that '*' means 'acquire target' and 't' means 'choose closest
hostile target'. If there are two targets that are equally close, one that is
awake is preferred over one that is alseep.
The '*' key can also be pressed as a command key, ie on its own without any
direction request from the server. Press '*' and it will ask you to set a
target, which you can do by pressing 't' again to choose the closest hostile
entity.

There are, however, more ways to specify a direction or to use the target
command, especially since client 4.4.6 which added the '-' option, and 4.4.6b
which added the '+' option.
Details follow:

The 'Set Target' command (key '*') that sets a target for spells or item uses
that follow, or which can be invoked as a sub-command from a 'Direction?'
request, may be answered with..
-------------------------------
  -'q' key to drop current target without acquiring a new one.
  -'t' or '5' key to choose closest hostile target.
  -'p' to target a grid position manually via movement keys (1..9),
       confirm with 't' or '5' key.

The 'Direction?' request from commands that require a direction, may be
answered with..
---------------
  -a direction key such as 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9.
   Note that direction '5' will only aim at yourself if you have no valid
   target set. Otherwise, the '5' key will aim at your target instead.
  -'*' key to invoke built-in target command (see above).
  -'-' key to use a previously acquired target or cancel the spell/item use/
       shot if there is no valid target currently set. The '-' option is only
       available in client version 4.4.6 and higher.
  -'+' key, same as '-' except that it won't cancel the action if no valid
       target was found, but prompt you for manual input instead (hit ESC to
       cancel, 5 to target your own grid, or any direction key to fire into
       that direction).

       Note that the key '-' is not a command key, but just gets ignored when
       pressed elsewhere than in direction-requests. This means that you can
       create 'hacky' macros, for example such as *t/1- that will work with
       both, magic devices that take a direction and those that don't, since
       the '-' will just be ignored for those that don't.

Example macros:
---------------
  *tz0-     Will zap rod 0 at the closest hostile entity. If there is none,
            the rod will not be zapped, conserving the rod's energy.
  z0*t      Zaps rod 0 at the closest hostile entity. If there is none, the
            rod will be zapped anyway, with yourself as target. This could
            be useful if it's for example a Rod of Fire Balls and you are
            being attacked in close combat by an invisible monster.
  *qz05     Your current target is cleared and the rod 0 is zapped at your
            own location, ie '5'. This could be useful if you want to clear
            out piles of loot with a rod of acid balls, effectively destroying
            all lesser items that cannot resist acid and melt from it.



(3.8) Example macro sets
------------------------
(For the meaning of '\e)' see below (3.9). I recommend to have all your
macros start with the '\e)' sequence to avoid character lock-ups due to
queued keypresses that have to be processed.)


An example macro set for fighters or archers:
---------------------------------------------
This macro set is already in your /lib/user folder! If it's not there,
download the latest client from www.tomenet.net or our personal pages.
You can load this macro file by hitting % to invoke the macro menu,
then enter 'l' to load a macro file, and specifying its filename,
which is depending on your operating system:

linux_fighter.prf    or    windows_fighter.prf
(On Mac OS X use linux_fighter.prf.)

If you plan on using it for a longer time, immediately save it again
with the filename being identical to your character name, example: Killer.prf
if your character is named 'Killer'.
(You can save macros by choosing '(s) Save macros' in the macro menu.
Note: The example macro sets are write-protected to avoid overwriting.)

Of course you can just use any other potion/scroll instead of those mentioned,
as long as you put the according inscription on that item.
(To inscribe an item press '{' key, to uninscribe press '}'.)

Key         Purpose of the Macro                    The macro   Inscription
                                                    itself      on the item(s)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F1  fire with ranged weapon at closest target       \e)*tf-        -none-
    (you can inscribe your ammunition:  !=
    to pick it up automatically)
F2  quaff cure critical wound or healing potion     \e)q1           @q1
F3  quaff speed potion                              \e)q2           @q2
F4  quaff potion of resistance,                     \e)q3           @q3
    an important thing later in the game.
    Since these are too expensive in the beginning, you could just buy potions
    of resist heat instead which are offered for little money in store 5,
    and inscribe them @q3 accordingly. They can already be very helpful.
F5  read scroll of phase door                       \e)r1           @r1
F6  read scroll of teleportation                    \e)r2           @r2
F7  read scroll of identify                         \e)r3           @r3
F8  use a staff of teleportation                    \e)u1           @u1
    (magic device must be high enough or
    you will keep failing; also see (6.10))
F9  quaff a restore life levels potion              \e)q4           @q4
F10 zap some rod                                    \e)z1           @z1
    (magic device must be high enough or
    you will keep failing; also see (6.10))
F11 eat something.                                  \e)E1           @E1
    (Draconians could inscribe some firestones
    (see 5.9) instead of normal food, to quickly
    boost their powers if needed.)
F12 use a magic device on the closest target        \e)*t/1-        @/1
    (Magic devices are wands, staves or rods.
    Your magic device skill must be high enough
    or you will keep failing; also see (6.10))

As you can see this fighter is supposed to be able to use quite some magic
for support in addition to fighting. Especially helpful are Rods of Perception
or of speed. Not all warriors are bright enough to use magic items easily, nor
are players always willing to spend many points on the 'Magic Device' skill.
If you dislike the use of magic your character would have to rely completely
on scrolls of teleportation instead. Just make sure you have confusion and
blindness resistance then! (Those two aren't needed to use a staff.)
If you play Draconian, kill Dragonriders because they tend to drop a large
amount of firestones. If a difficult combat starts, just eat several of them
to get a larger amount of extra powers.
(All macros in the example set were defined as hybrid macros.)


The above macro set slightly changed to fit
additional needs of a low level istar or other casters:
-------------------------------------------------------
This macro set is already in your /lib/user folder! If it's not there,
download the latest client from www.tomenet.net or our personal pages.
You can load this macro file by hitting % to invoke the macro menu,
then enter 'l' to load a macro file, and specifying its filename,
which is depending on your operating system:

linux_caster.prf    or    windows_caster.prf
(On Mac OS X use linux_caster.prf.)

If you plan on using it for a longer time, immediately save it again
with the filename being identical to your character name, example: Killer.prf
if your character is named 'Killer'.
(You can save macros by choosing '(s) Save macros' in the macro menu.)
Note: The example macro sets are write-protected to avoid overwriting.)

Of course you can just use any other potion/scroll instead of those mentioned,
as long as you put the according inscription on that item.
(To inscribe an item press '{' key, to uninscribe press '}'.)

Key         Purpose of the Macro                    The macro   Inscription
                                                    itself      on the item(s)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F1  fire with ranged weapon at closest target       \e)*tf-        -none-
    (you can inscribe your ammunition:  !=
    to pick it up automatically)
F2  quaff cure critical wound or healing potion     \e)q1           @q1
F3  quaff speed potion                              \e)q2           @q2
F4  quaff restore mana potion                       \e)q3           @q3
F5  read scroll of phase door                       \e)r1           @r1
F6  read scroll of teleportation                    \e)r2           @r2
F7  read scroll of identify                         \e)r3           @r3
F8  use a staff of teleportation                    \e)u1           @u1
F9             \e)m@11\r@Detect Monsters\rm@11\r@Sense Hidden\r    -none-
    A combo macro: Cast spells 'Detect Monsters'
    and 'Sense Hidden' from book Beginner Cantrips.
    Since this macro casts two spells, it uses up
    two of your character's turns to complete.
    (Note that this macro uses 'cast-by-name', ie specifies the spell names
    instead of relying on book inscriptions, making it very flexible!)
F10 zap some rod                                    \e)z1           @z1
F11                                  \e)m@11\r@Globe of Light\r    -none-
    Cast Globe Of Light spell.
F12 use a magic device on the closest target        \e)*t/1-        @/1
    (Magic devices are wands, staves or rods.
    Your magic device skill must be high enough
    or you will keep failing; also see (6.10))
+                                  \e)*tm@11\r@Noxious Cloud\r-    -none-
    Cast noxious cloud spell on nearest target
-   Cast phase door.                     \e)m@11\r@Phase Door\r    -none-
0   Cast manathrust at nearest target \e)*tm@11\r@Manathrust\r-    -none-

This low level istar might be armed with a sling to support his yet weak
magic, so the F1 macro makes sense. Assuming that he uses the numpad keys for
movement, the keys +, - and 0 were used to allow quick access to his basic
spells. - and 0 use his startup book 'Beginner Cantrips' while the macro on
the + key requires that he bought a spellbook of noxious cloud.
(All macros in the example set were defined as hybrid macros.)



(3.9) Macros with special keys
------------------------------
You can use so-called 'escapes', meaning a combination of '\' and a regular
key to emulate some special keys in your macros:
\\              the backslash itself. Prevents it from being interpreted as
                the beginning of an escape sequence.
\e              equals the 'ESC' key.
\s              equals the 'SPACE' key. You can also just type in regular
                spaces, which will be converted automatically.
\r or \n        RETURN/ENTER or LINEFEED. Makes no difference.
                Example:
                :hi!\r:hi!\n    makes your character say 'hi!' two times.
)               clears the keyboard buffer (all previous key presses that
                still have to be processed will be forgotten).
^               Prefixed to any key this will lead to a CTRL + <thatkey>
                combination. For example a macro '^x' will exit the game.

Example:
:Hi all!\r      This macro writes 'Hi all!' to everyone.
\e)*tf-         This macro will press escape to leave any potential
                running input routine, clear the buffer, fire a shot at
                the closest enemy. You can hammer this macro madly while
                playing without fear of your client processing the key
                presses forever, locking you in a position till your last
                arrow has been shot, since each time you hit the macro,
                it will clear the keyboard buffer (')' symbol) from all
                previous entries.
                The 'running input routine' means:
                If you previously pressed 'q' to quaff a potion, the game
                will now ask you 'Which potion?' and wait for your input.
                If you now see an enemy approaching before you decide which
                potion to quaff, you would usually have to press ESC to leave
                the quaffing input and start firing arrows then. By
                integrating the ESC key into the macro ('\e') this step is
                done automatically.
*I recommend to have all macros start with the '\e)' sequence.*

Miscellanous escape sequences:
\x??            Convert the hex code into an ASCII character. For example
                \x41 (hex 41, dec 65) will become the 65th character of the
                ASCII charset which is a capital 'A'.
\^              The caret '^' or 'accent circonflex'.
\b              stands for the BACKSPACE key.
\t              stands for the TABulator key.
\0?? or \1?? or \2?? or \3??
                stands for an octal code. The code will be converted into an
                ASCII character similar to \x?? hex mode, so \101 becomes 'A'.
\w??            Waits (asynchronously) for ?? tenth seconds. (eg. 20 -> 2 s)
                Use this for macros which contain several commands in a row
                which depend on each others execution. You might have to
                adjust the delay to your personal latency, depending on your
                internet connection and speed at which your character acts.


(3.9a) Creating a chat macro for your party
-------------------------------------------
Using public chat for party coordination can prove annoying to other players
and as well confusing to your fellow party members since it's sometimes hard
to read if people are chatting vividly.
On the other hand, entering your chat lines in this format
  <Party name>:<Text>
all the time can get annoying since you have to repeat the party name over and
over, although you can use just the first four letters or so as abbreviation.

There are three different ways to easily talk to your party.
1.) use the party wildcard '!'.
    Simply start your chatline like this !:blabla..., using the '!' in place
    of the party name. The text will be sent to your current party (if any).
2.) Hit ':' key to enter chat, now press TAB to switch to party chat mode.
3.) Create a macro to chat with a specific party, so you can write a
    party-message by hitting a single key, party-chatting becomes as easy as
    hitting ':' for normal chat.
    Enter the macro menu ('%'), enter a new action ('a'), enter the macro
    according to your party name. For example, if your party is called
    'Scarlet Knights', enter this string:
        :Scarlet:
    hit the Enter key to accept it, create a command macro ('c'), choose a
    key you wish to use for party chat from now on, and save your macro ('s')
    to a file which is loaded automatically, like '<Your charname>.prf', for
    example Kinkan.prf.
    Using longer or shorter (at least 4 letters) strings works too of course,
    as long as there isn't a party of similar name which could get confused
    with yours.
The best way in my opinion is to combine the two ways and to set up a macro
which types   :!:   for you on a single key press automatically:
    Enter the macro menu ('%'), enter a new action ('a'), enter the macro:
        :!:
    hit the Enter key to accept it, create a command macro ('c'), choose a
    key you wish to use for party chat from now on, and save your macro ('s')
    to a file which is loaded automatically, like '<Your charname>.prf', for
    example Kinkan.prf. This way, no matter what your party is called, you
    will always be able to chat to it by pressing a single key.


(3.9b) Alternative macros: Calling objects by their name
--------------------------------------------------------
An alternative way to utilize macros is to not rely on item inscriptions, but
instead call the target object directly by its name!

This can either be an item name, as it appears in your inventory, or a spell
name if you want your macro to cast a spell.

The clue is that when you are asked "Aim which wand?", "Read which scroll?",
"Cast from which book?" etc. you can also press '@' key to directly type in
a name.
Note: In the special case of books, you will then be able to type in
a spell name instead of a book name, and the game will search your books for
that spell automatically.

So, instead of inscribing your potions of Healing '@q1' and having a macro
'\e)q1' you could also just have a macro '\e)q@Healing\r'.

Or, instead of inscribing a Beginner Cantrips book '@m1' and macroing the spell
manathrust with '\e)*tm@11\r9a-' you could also just make a macro
'\e)*tm@11\r@Manathrust\r-' without the need to inscribe your book.

In fact you could make a macro '\e)*tm@Cast a spell\r@Manathrust\r-'.

Another example: '\e)m@11\r@Phase Door\r'.

IMPORTANT: Keep in mind that call-by-name is actually case-sensitive!
(So in the example above, 'manathrust' would not work.)

Additional details:
-------------------
The text you provide for matching is treated as a partial text (sub-string)
that must occur anywhere in an inventory slot text. Only those inventory slots
are tested for this, which actually contain an item of fitting base type (tval)
for the action that is being executed.

Example: You make a macro   z@Gold-Pl\r  -this will be processed as follows:
The command is 'z' to zap a rod. So only inventory slots that contain rods will
be looked at, the rest is ignored.
Now all inventory slots that contain rods will be tested for whether they
contain the text piece 'Gold-Pl' somewhere.
So if you carry any Gold-Plated rods in your inventory they will be zapped.

Note that since it's really just all about partial-text-matching, you could
inscribe some other rods 'Gold-Pl' so the text matching would succeed, although
they aren't 'real' Gold-Plated rods. (!)



(3.10) Experience, level-ups and skill points
--------------------------------------------
By killing monsters your character gains experience. In general, harder
monsters on deeper dungeon levels give more experience than easy kills.

Hanging out on easy dungeon levels compared to your character level (for
example a high level 50 character on an (to him) easy dungeon level like 60)
may result in diminishing returns of experience points for killed monsters.

On the other hand, killing monsters of higher level than the player's level
will give bonus experience.

Experience is shared automatically in 'parties', see (6.9).

Note that if your experience is drained (it will be displayed in yellow instead
of in light green to indicate that it is drained), your maximum experience ie
the amount you used to have before getting drained still profits of 10% of any
experience you gain, so it is not completely wasted if you don't have a potion
of restore life levels at hand, or some other means to restore your experience
back to normal.


Recommended minimum depths for optimal experience gain

Note: In general, the deeper the better! These are only _minimum_ recommended
depths above which your experience gain will receive a quite severe reduction.
Also, your character might not always be strong enough to survive on
these depths. In that case, despite the experience penalty, you should
consider moving to easier dungeon levels anway until you found decent items
and maxed out your vital stats (constitution, etc).

Note: Your depth display in the bottom right screen corner will indicate the
appropriateness of your current depth by its colour:
If you're on a far easier depth, it'll be dark grey, indicating that you
cannot expect any good experience gain at all here.
If you're on a slightly easier depth, it'll turn yellow, to tell you that
you're getting closer to the depth required for best results.
On the minimum required depth or deeper, it's white.
(On a side note, while word-of-recall is pending, it'll turn orange, since
it's also used as a word-of-recall indicator this way.)

    Character level     |     Dungeon level
-------------------------------------------------
        1..19                 decent exp is
                            gained everywhere
        20                           15
        23                           17
        25                           18
        28                           22
        30                           25
        35                           30
        38                           36
        40                           40
        41                           43
        42                           46
        43                           50
        44                           54
        45                           59
        46                           65
        47                           72
        48                           81
        49                           92
------  50                          100   ------
        55                          110
        60                          120
        65                          130
        70                          140
        75                          150
        80                          160
        85                          170
        90                          180
        95                          190
        98                          196
        99                    no exp gained

If you are below the optimum depth, your experience gain will decrease.
The experience gained will be multiplied by 2 / (2 + leveldifference).
So for 1 level missing to optimum depth you would get 2 / (2 + 1) = 67% of
the optimum experience, at 2 levels difference you'd get 50%, 40% at 3, etc.
At level 64 and higher, no dungeon except for the Nether Realm (see (4.5))
will be deep enough to deliver optimal experience and your experience gain
will slowly start to decrease while you further rise in character levels.
The Nether Realm is by far the deepest dungeon in the game and allows players
of very high character levels to accumulate excellent experience.

If your character accumulates a certain amount of experience, (s)he will gain
a 'level-up', meaning that you become noticably more powerful than you were
until now.
Each character level requires your character to accumulate more experience
than was needed for the level before, up to millions of experience points!
All characters start the game at level 1. At level 50 they are supposed to
fight the bad boss of the game, Morgoth, Lord of Darkness.
Depending on race and class, characters need to kill a different amount of
monsters in order to reach the next level. Yeeks get experience fastest,
while Maiar are slowest. (See (6.4) and (6.5).)

Each time your character gains a new level, (s)he also gains 5 skill
points that you can distribute on your character's skills, press 'G' to invoke
the skill chart where you can raise skills of your choice. Do this at a safe
place, so your character won't be attacked and killed while you are looking
at the skill chart. The different skills are described in (6.2). Which
skills your character may specialize in depends on his class,
and sometimes also on his race; skills that are not available to your
character's class are greyed out and cannot be raised.
On the skill chart you can press 'Up'/'Down' keys to select a skill and
'Right' key to invest one of your spare skill points into it. Choices cannot
be undone, so be careful here.
For details about skill point distribution and the different skills see (6.2).



(3.11) Death, ghosts and looting
--------------------------------

Death
-----
If a player dies, an automatic chardump is generated in /lib/user called
'<charname>-death.txt' (see 8.2) which you can view with any text editor.
Also, a screenshot is made automatically, displaying your situation, saved
to '<charname>-death-screenshot.xhtml'.
(You can view xhtml files in most webbrowsers.)

Normal/everlasting characters will turn into ghosts if they die. When you
become a ghost, your title will change to 'Ghost' until you get revived.
Depending on the server configuration, ghosts of a 'normal mode' player
can usually be resurrected only 2 times, so a normal player has 3 lives
before permanently biting it.
Unworldly/hellish characters don't have a ghost and are completely destroyed
if they die.
Everlasting characters may also use the 'Instant Resurrection' feature offered
by town temples, see (4.5a), which will avoid turning into a ghost.

If a player ultimatively dies on a dungeon or tower floor, ie he didn't turn
into a resurrectable ghost but got completely erased, then that particular
floor he "perma-died" (also termed "ghost-died") on will remain static for
a while, instead of being regenerated.
This allows other players to go down there later and retrieve his items or
money, however, whatever killed him/her will probably also still be down
there!
The time a level stays static is usually 3 minutes * dungeonlevel.
Example: A player dies on -300 ft in The Orc Cave dungeon.
         In The Orc Cave, the first floor at -50ft is alreay like -500ft ie
         level 10 (compare (4.5)). The player died 5 floors deeper at -300
         so we have to add 5 more floors to 10, so the player died at dungeon
         level 15 in fact. 3 minutes times 15 = 45 minutes time for others to
         go there and pickup his loot until the level randomly changes again.
Levels below 9 (ie less than +/-450ft) are usually exempt from remaining
static and will regenerate normally, meaning the loot is lost after a couple
of seconds.
Note: If a player enters a static-by-death floor, the floor timer will be
      reset and start counting down the full duration again, prolonging its
      staticness. This timer-reset happens the moment a player enters that
      floor. How long he stays or when he leaves again has no effect.

Hint: The same timing that applies for static-by-death floors is also valid
      for static-by-save&exit floors, ie floors where a player logged out
      instead of doing that in town.
      So if you logged out because your character was stuck, make sure you
      don't log on too early or you will reset the timer as mentioned above.


What happens to your loot
-------------------------
If you die, all of your items are dropped to the floor at the place of your
death. Some items from your inventory or even an item from your equipment might
get lost, but most of it should be waiting for you to pick it up again after
someone came and revived you.
Note however that if you float up or down with your ghost while noone stays on
the level to keep it, the level will usually immediately change and be lost and
all your items with it!
(Only a ghost's death or death of a character which has only 1 life will turn a
floor static as described further above.)
If you stood in a place where there is no room for your items to drop, for
example inside a dense forest (green tree fields) or mountain regions (brown ^
fields) then your items will be scattered randomly over the whole level.

Last but not least, non-validated players and characters below level 3 don't
drop their items on death, their loot will vanish forever. (The level depends
on server settings, so check them via ~d to verify.)


Ghosts
------
You can continue playing as a ghost, getting a slight experience penalty,
but that's not recommended. Instead, you should go for resurrection!
Ghosts also do not share experience with party members on the same floor.

Ghosts can float up and down freely (just hit '<' or '>' key as if you take
a staircase), so they can quickly float out of the dungeon without having to
search for staircases. However, on some servers, a ghost cannot float down to
very deep dungeon levels which he hadn't visited yet when he was still alive.
So 'Ghost-Diving' (means: simply continuing playing as a ghost) is somewhat
limited there.

That will bring you back to life at the cost of experience (35% usually).
There are 3 ways to be revived:
-the ghost can visit a temple (green '4' in town). The temple priest will also
 give him some money. The temple priest will turn the ghost away without
 resurrecting it, if the town isn't the last one visited by the player when
 he was still alive. ('The temple priest turns you away')
-another living player reads a 'Scroll of Life' when standing directly next to
 a ghost.
-another living player speaks a prayer of 'resurrection' when standing
 directly next to a ghost. The higher the resurrection spell level was,
 the less experience will be lost.
The ghost will return to the world of living under the cost of a lot of
experience but at least the player can resume playing. If the ghost dies,
the character will finally be erased permanently, watch out!

Ghosts slowly lose experience, if they go below 0 they will fade and the
player will be erased completely.

Ghosts have some special abilities, these are
-they can see invisible creatures
-life force can hardly be drained from them
-they cannot be paralyzed
-they spot warm-blooded creatures easily
-they resist darkness effects, poison, cold, blindness, fear and confusion
-they cannot be cut since they don't bleed
-they resist insanity attacks
-they can pass solid walls and mountains
-they can fly
-they cannot use items
-they cannot carry items except for the Book Of The Dead.

Ghosts can access undead powers with 'U' (currently not available, sorry).
Those powers drain your experience. If you use them too often and run out
of experience you will fade away (your character is erased then).



(4) The world
=============
(4.1) Running, picking up items, fighting
-----------------------------------------
To move around, use the number pad keys 1,2,3; 4,6; 7,8,9.
You can also use the arrow keys to move, but the numpad is better since it
allows you to move diagonally too, which is very important.

If no monsters are within your line of sight, are those which are are soundly
asleep, you are able to "run".
This feature was introduced to let you quickly cross empty areas, while it will
cease to work as long as you fight monsters. To run, press SHIFT+<direction>
or type '.' followed by a direction. Running using SHIFT+<direction> will
only work if Numlock is turned off. Numlock is the key labeled 'Num' above the
number key pad on the right side of your keyboard. Usually a green lamp will
indicate whether Numlock is on or off.
An exception is the town of Bree, where you are always able to run, even if
enemies are nearby.

If you want to pick up an item from the floor, step on that field and press
'g' (or press '5' on the numpad, while NUMLOCK must be on). For more
information about finding, identifying and selling items, see (5.7).
However, note that the keys can vary depending on your system configuration.

You can attack a monster with your equipped melee weapon by simply moving on
the monster's field, ie 'bumping' into the monster.
A much better choice however, is to either just stand still and let the monster
approach you, or -if the monster is asleep- just move next to the monster
instead of bumping into it. In both situations, as soon as there is a monster
directly next to you, you will automatically attack it!
This is an important feature, called "auto-retaliation", see (4.1a) below!

If you want to use ranged attacks then you have several choices:
a) casting a magical spell ('m')
b) throwing an item at a monster (or player) ('v')
c) firing your equipped ranged weapon (sling, bow, crossbow) ('f')
d) zapping a magical rod or aiming with a magical wand ('z', 'a')
For most types of ranged attacks you'll need to designate a target.

As soon as you finish casting an attack spell or if you press 'f' to fire an
arrow/bolt/pebble/shot the game will ask you for a target or direction.
You can now either press one of the 8 direction keys to fire into that
direction, or you press the asterisk '*' followed by a 't' to designate the
closest enemy as your target, which usually is what you want.
Since version 4.4.6 the game also supports '-' to fire at a previously set
target if it still exists, or cancel the action; 4.4.6b further added the '+'
key; see (3.7d) for details about targetting.

To learn how to create a macro instead of typing all these letters every time
you want to launch a ranged attack, look at '(3.7) Creating macros for ranged
attacks', or -much simpler- at '(3.7c) The macro wizard'.


(4.1a) Auto-retaliation
-----------------------
If you stand still and an enemy is on an adjacent grid (directly next to you,
no space between you and the enemy) then your character will automatically
attack it with the equipped melee weapon.

Instead of melee attacks, you can also configure the auto-retaliator to use
other items. To do so, you use '@O...' (the letter 'O', not the number zero!)
item inscriptions:

Note: To inscribe an item press '{' key, to uninscribe press '}'.
Note: You cannot use any sort of teleportation for auto-retaliation.

Weapons:
    @Ox         Don't auto-retaliate with it.
                It's recommended for spell-casters who just wear a weapon to
                profit from its magical abilities to always inscribe it @Ox
                so it won't accidentally get destroyed when fighting a Nazgul
                and the auto-retaliator won't take over.

Ranged weapons:
    @O          Auto-retaliate with it (shooting ammo).
                (Note: @O can either be on your ammunition or on the bow.)

Magic devices:
    @O          Auto-retaliate with it. (Wands, staves, rods.)

Spellbooks:
    @Oc         You will auto-retaliate by casting the spell 'c)' from this
                book (or any other spell, change the inscription accordingly).
                IMPORTANT: If you cannot cast spells from the book or you
                inscribe an unsuitable item, auto-retaliation will be disabled
                completely!
                (If 'c' is omittted, the first spell will be chosen.)

Runes:          Auto-retaliate with the inscribed rune. The format is modifier
    @Oaa        then type. To retaliate with a combination of runes, use the 
	            combined rune. 'A' to activate runes for combining.

Any item:
    @OMd        Use innate mimic power 'd)' (for example).
                (Note that you cannot auto-retaliate with 'polymorph into...'
                power aka 'c)', instead it will be treated like power 'b)' aka
                'polymorph into next form with fitting extremities'.)

If you want an auto-retaliation-enabling inscription to only work while you are
around a town, add a 't' after the 'O', examples: '@Ot', '@Otb'.

If you want to fall back on melee-autoretaliation in case you are out of mana,
use 'Q' symbol instead of 'O'. Examples: '@Qt', '@Qtb'.
This is useful for classes that may use attack spells yet can perform decently
in close combat, such as paladin or mindcrafter.



(4.2) Level and owner of items
------------------------------
If you press 'l' to look at an unknown item that lies on the floor, you'll
see something like this:

You see a Long Sword {?} (2d5)

The '{?}' indicates that this item has not yet been 'identified'.
That means we don't know yet if it has certain magic abilities or if it's
even cursed. We just know what we can see with our very eyes, that it is
undoubtful some Long Sword, and all Long Swords do a base damage of 2d5.
For more information about finding, identifying and selling items, see (5.7).
If you pick it up it will be displayed in your inventory like this:

e) a Long Sword {+,?} (2d5)

Note the additional '+' symbol. It means that you're now the 'owner' of that
item because you were the first one to pick it up.
Now you want to find out if the sword has any magic abilities. So you read
a Scroll Of Identify (or a Staff of Perception for example). The sword now
looks like this:

e) a Long Sword {+,6} (2d5) (+1,+5)

Now we know all about it. It's a magical Long Sword (magical because its
magical to-hit and to-dam boni are not 0,0 but 1,5. That means it's an
enchanted Long Sword that magically adds +1 to your hit chance and +5 to
the damage, doing (2d5)+5 damage per hit) that requires its wielder to be
at least level 6 in order to use it.

-Now if you're the owner of the sword then you are able to use it even if your
level is lower than 6 !

-If you give this sword to someone else who is level 4
that person won't be able to use it because he's not the owner.

-If you give the sword to someone who is level 6 or higher, he will become the
new owner! Now you're unable to use the sword if you're level 5 and he gives
it back to you.

-To the owner an item has the '+' sign displayed in its name. Every other
player who looks at the item sees the owner's name instead. Example:
If you drop the sword to the ground and 'l'ook at it, you'll still see this:

e) a Long Sword {+,6} (2d5) (+1,+5)

but if someone else looks at it, assuming your name is 'Mithrandir', that
person will instead read:

e) a Long Sword {Mithrandir,6} (2d5) (+1,+5)

-Last but not least a nasty scenario:
Your character (named 'Mithrandir', level 20) dies and loses his Bluesteel
Blade {+,20}. Now you're a ghost and decide to ask a fellow player (named
'Mugash', level 30) if he can defeat the monsters that killed you and bring
your items to town.
He agrees, you float up to town (remember that ghosts can simply float up
and down anytime by pressing < and >) and revive in the temple (green '4').
If you revive, you'll always lose a bunch of experience. So your level is
now 18 instead of formerly 20.
The level 30 player kills all monsters and picks up your stuff. Since your
valuable Bluesteel Blade requires level 20 the level 30 player becomes its
new owner because he's not lower than 20. He arrives in town and drops the
sword for you.
You pick it up, and whooops it's a Bluesteel Blade {Mugash,20} and you're
level 18. You can't wield it anymore! So the right choice would've been to
ask Mugash if he can buy a 'Scroll of Life' and revive you in the dungeon
after he killed off all mobs, to avoid him touching your items and becoming
the owner.



(4.3) Dungeon and tower types
-----------------------------
To enter a dungeon, you look for the staircase symbol '>', step on it and press
the '>' key to enter. Same for entering towers, except their staircase goes
upwards instead of downwards, and hence is a '<' symbol instead of '>'.

In Bree, there is often a so-called Training Tower, which is represented by a
dark green '<'. Enter it by pressing the '<' key.
The training tower allows you to 'die' without suffering major consequences
(except for a slight loss in experience and gold), and is easier in general.
An experience penalty might be applied for killing monsters in the tower
(usually 50%). You might ask other players in game (use ':' to chat) where/if
there is a newbie tower (also called 'Training Tower'), or you might search for
it yourself. It's usually in Bree, to the lower right of the town centre.

In general, when you take a staircase or use word-of-recall, your character
will temporarily get a high Armour bonus (+100) and a chance to deflect enemy
attacks and to reduce their damage, for a very short duration.
This is an extra protection (called 'stair GoI', compare (0.4)) to help
surviving nasty surprises when entering a new dungeon level.
Keep your scrolls of teleportation ready anyway!

While in a town, you can invoke a map that shows the staircases upwards
and downwards by pressing SHIFT+'M' (ie capital M).
If you leave a town and explore the wilderness, M will bring up a map showing
you towns and areas that you have explored so far.
If you are in a dungeon, M will bring up a minimap of your dungeon level
instead.
If you want to look at the world map while in town or in a dungeon, press '~'
key and choose "Wilderness map".

Before you enter a dungeon, make sure that you have equipped a light source!
Note the bright dots around you, these are lightened fields within the
radius of your light source. To look around your current dungeon/tower level
or town, press 'L' and use direction keys to move your view panel. ESC key
bring you back to normal view mode.

The wilderness actually bears many interesting dungeons apart from the usual
well known town dungeons.

When you enter the dungeon 'Barrow-Downs' in the starting town Bree, you will
note in the main window instead of "Bree" your actual depth is displayed,
telling you on which dungeon level you are. Each dungeon level is 50 feet
deeper.
Monsters have approximately the same level as the dungeon level they appear
on. You should try to figure out how deep you can go without dying.
The dungeon depth I can recommend is between 1/3 (if you are _very_ weak) of
your own character level and 3/4 of your character level. You can also go
deeper, in case you want to try diving quickly. On 750 ft you can often find
hounds (their symbol is a 'Z' for 'Zephyrs'). These don't have many hit points
but give a lot of experience, making them a valued target for divers.

For a list of dungeons and towers, see (4.5).


Dungeon types
-------------
There are different types of dungeons:

-Normal dungeons. The main dungeons below the five cities Bree, Minas Anor,
 Gondolin, Lothlorien and Khazad-dum are such regular dungeons.
 Normal dungeons/towers are marked by a white < or > symbol.

-NO_RECALL_INTO. You may not recall into this dungeon/tower. You can use
 recall to get out of it though. Probability travel works towards the surface
 but not towards the dungeon bottom/tower top. To Telekinesis the same
 restrictions apply as for NO_RECALL. Ghosts may float freely.
 Staircases are yellow.

-NO_UP. These dungeons won't allow you to go upwards, similar to ironman,
 just without the penalty of permanent ghost-death. You are allowed to use
 Word-of-Recall as well! Ghosts of dead players can float upwards.
 No-up dungeons/towers are marked by an orange < or > symbol.

-NO_RECALL. These dungeons don't allow you to use Word-of-Recall nor
 probability travel to change the level. The staircases are the only way.
 Sending items via telekinesis to a player who is currently in a no-recall
 dungeon/tower will only work if both players are on the same dungeon floor.
 Ghosts of dead players can still float up/down.
 No-recall dungeons/towers are marked by a red < or > symbol.

-FORCE_DOWN. Same as NO_UP, but you can only recall at the bottom of the
 dungeon, similar to ironman (except for the no-ghost death penalty).
 Force-down dungeons/towers are marked by a light red < or > symbol.

-Hellish. Players suffer no-ghost deaths inside hellish dungeons.
 Even if they're everlasting, meaning that if you die in such a dungeon or
 tower you won't turn into a ghost either but get destroyed completely.
 Hellish dungeons/towers are marked by a fire-like flickering < or > symbol
 (red/yellow).

-Ironman. Same as hellish. Also:
 Ironman dungeons or towers won't allow you to recall or to use
 staircases that lead upwards or probability travel backwards!
 Sending items via telekinesis to a player who is currently in an ironman
 dungeon/tower will only work if both players are on the same dungeon floor.
 To leave an ironman dungeon/tower you'll have to get to it's bottom or top
 respectively. There might be possibilities to use Word-of-Recall even if
 you're not at bottom/top yet, depending on the server/dungeon type.
 In general you will recognize levels which allow recalling by a green message,
 saying "You don't sense a magic barrier here..." (compare (4.8)).
 Ironman dungeons/towers are marked by a dark grey < or > symbol.

 NOTE: In the case of Ironman-server settings, you can usually recall INTO town
 dungeons every (n*1000)+50 ft, n starting at 0. Example: -50 ft, -1050 ft,
 -2050 ft, etc. Also, ALL dungeons will usually not allow recalling OUT until
 you reach a floor that is equivalent to at least dungeon level 20. Examples:
 At least -1000 ft in Barrow-Downs, at least -550 ft in The Orc Cave.
 (See (8.5) for more information about Ironman settings.)

-NO_DEATH. The Training Tower in Bree has this flag. Players who die inside a
 no-death dungeon won't turn into a ghost if they 'die' but just be teleported
 back to town! They still lose about 20% experience (and gold) though.
 No-death dungeons/towers are marked by a green < or > symbol.

If a dungeon has several of these flags, the latter ones will override the
staircase colour. So a hellish NO_RECALL_INTO dungeon has hellish-looking
staircases.

Sometimes you might find ruins of old staircases that don't lead to any
dungeon or tower. Those have no further functionality and are coloured grey
(make sure you don't confuse them with an ironman dungeon accidentally).

There are rumours about a dungeon that will never let anyone escape from it
again, ever. A death fate with a dark, flashing staircase of no return.


Overview:
Dungeon type  Death?  No-ghost? Recall          Staircase   Prob travel   +Exp
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Normal        yes     (char)    yes             yes         yes           + 0%
No death      no      no        yes             yes         yes           -50%
No recall     yes     (char)    no              yes         no            +10%
No rec down   yes     (char)    upwards only    yes         upwards       + 5%
No up         yes     (char)    yes             downwards   downwards     + 5%
Force down    yes     (char)    at bottom only  downwards   downwards     +10%
Ironman       yes     yes       at bottom only  downwards   no            +15%
Hellish       yes     yes       yes             yes         yes           +10%

(Note: Staircase directions - ie upwards/downwards - are inverted for towers.)


(4.3a) The jail
---------------
The jail is a dedicated house that does not allow imprisoned characters to
escape until a timer runs out, after which they will be freed.

The jail was originally built for punishment of the following felonies -
although depending on the server's configuration some might be disabled while
others might get added:
    -Swearing
     Still the most common felony, it will usually only result in a pretty
     short time of imprisonment.
     Foul language will be filtered by '*' characters to other players, except
     if they have turned the filter off in their clients (also see (3.3)).
     It's possible that not all foul language might result in jailing, but most
     of it certainly will.
    -Spamming the chat (aka 'talking too much')
     Very rare to trigger, also results in a pretty short time of imprisonment.
    -On server settings where players have to declare that they are ready for
     pvp, attacking a non-pvp player will result in a long time of imprisonment
     Trying to shoot someone who's on a safe grid will also result in a medium
     duration of imprisonment.
     (These settings are not enabled on the main servers.)

If you commit multiple felonies, whether you are already in jail or not, the
punishment adds up (except that it doesn't matter how many swear words occured
in one chat message).

There can be multiple jails. The player will be imprisoned in the one closest
to him. Also, players will only get caught if they are getting close to a town.
If you are far away from town, your punishment will be delayed until you move
close to a town gain, then you will be jailed "for old crimes" accordingly.

Note that jails (if the server has one) don't allow any sort of teleportation,
nor will you turn into a ghost if you get killed there, instead you will get
destroyed completely (basically same as if you were a no-ghost mode char).

A jail usually has an ironman tower or dungeon inside. It has no deeper meaning
and is certainly not required or recommended to take. If you're up for a pretty
hard extra challenge and take it, you'll be a free man or woman if you make it
out alive, though.



(4.4) Terrain
-------------
Terrain features in the main window:
------------------------------------
Town buildings-
Consisting of red or yellow '#' (roof) and white '#' (wall), these cannot be
damaged or destroyed and some of them contain the basic town stores (numbers
1 to 9 marking the entrance) as well as special stores (+ sign marking the
entrance). See (4.5) for details about stores.

Floor-
Dots '.' rensemble empty floor. Green dots are grass, brown ones dirt, grey
ones stone or ash. Note that the colour also depends on the season - in summer
or autumn, some grass might appear as yellow, when it's been suffering in the
heat. ;)
Red dots are lava, violet dots nether mist. These can be dangerous to cross!
See a bit below for more details.

Trees and bushes-
Thick trees are rensembled by (mostly green, depending on the season) '#'.
To pass them you need to either fly over them or to be an Ent, shepherd of
trees to whom they will slightly bow aside to make room, a yeek, or a trained
ranger or druid. Trees can also be burned up. Dead trees and bushes are '*' symbols.

Staircases-
'<' and '>' are staircases leading upwards or downwards into towers or
dungeons. (Press the according key to walk the staircase. Whenever you take a
staircase, you'll receive the 'stair GoI' buff, see (0.4) for details on that.)

Doors-
Light brown '+' are closed doors, ' are open or broken doors.
(Use 'o' to open, 'c' to close and 'B'/'F' to bash/force doors.)

Void Jumpgates-
Violet '+' are void jumpgates that teleport you elsewhere.
Press '>' key to use them.

Stores-
Store entrances are represented by coloured numbers '1'..'7', '9' and '+'.
See (4.5) for details about stores.

Rubble-
':' is rubble. Characters with high enough archery skill who use a sling-type
weapon can stand next to rubble and use their 'create ammo' ability to create
sling ammunition from it.

Pits-
Dark grey '^' are pits that can only be crossed if you have levitation or
flying ability. Bree is protected by pits around the outer tree wall. These
pits cannot be disarmed (because they don't count as trap, as opposed to the
actual 'chasm traps' and 'pit traps') or destroyed.

Walls-
White '#' are permanent walls which cannot be damaged or destroyed, or in
some special places can be ice walls (which can be destroyed).
'#' and '%' of different grey tones are granite walls, magma intrusions,
quartz veins and can be tunneled into and take damage from earthquakes.
Yellow '#' are sand walls, red/brown '#' are indestructible lava walls which
may occur in some remote places..

Water-
On the world surface but also in some dungeons there's lots of water (blue '~'
fields). It can be dangerous to cross it if you're not good at swimming or if
you cannot fly :) Further, nasty creatures are said to live in the seas. Ents
cannot drown in water since they completely consist of wood.

Mountain chains-
Brown '^' fields are massive and very high mountains. To travel these you need
a climbing set or another item that gives you climbing abilities. Dwarves can
intrinsically travel through mountains. In dungeons '^' rensemble solid
structures of massive rock that reach nearly up to the top of the huge dungeon
levels, climbing these is as hard as climbing mountains above ground.
White '^' are extremely high mountain chains that cannot be climbed.

Lava-
Red dots '.' are shallow lava, which will do heat damage to your character in
regular intervals.
Red/orange/yellow '~' is deep lava, which deals a lot of heat damage.
The fire damage lava inflicts might also destroy items in your inventory in
case you're not immune to fire or at least double-resist fire - potions of
resist heat are a cheap way to attain double resistance for a short time.
(See (5.6) for more information about resistances, double resistance and
(5.10) for details about item destruction by elemental effects.)

Fountains-
'_' are fountains. To drink from them use /sip command or press the '_' key.
See (0.2) for more details.

Nether mist-
Violet dots designate nether mist. However, this usually only occurs in the
Nether Realm, a place which is exclusively accessible to winners.
Nether mist deals nether damage periodically, similar to how lava deals fire
damage.


Terrain features on the world map:
----------------------------------
Towns           yellow 'T'
Grassland       green '.'
Forest          green '*'
Dense forests   dark grey '*'       - danger of getting stuck (*)
Swamps          violet '%'
Lakes           are displayed as blue '~' fields on the world map.
Rivers          light blue '~'
Coast areas     yellow ','
Oceans          blue '%' fields.    - might be hard to traverse (***)
Wasteland       umber (bronze) '.'
Mountains       dark grey '^'       - danger of getting stuck (**)
Volcanos        red '^'             - danger of getting stuck (**)
Deserts         yellolw '.'
Icy waste       white '.'

(*) You could get stuck in the trees if you enter such a sector;
    a digging tool or just using a sword or axe will allow you to hack down
    the trees relatively easily though to get you out of there.
    Note that flying also allows you to pass trees easily.
(**) You might get stuck in there if you enter such a sector without being
     able to climb. Especially nasty in case of volcanos, since the fiery
     ground might burn your items. Use word-of-recall to get out of here.
(***) If your backpack is too heavy for you to swim then it'll be a big hassle
      to try and cross deep water without drowning. In that case just get an
      item that allows you to fly and you'll be fine.



(4.5) Towns, shops, the dungeons and dungeon bosses
---------------------------------------------------
If you create a new character, it will start in 'Bree', a town located at
position 32,32 on the world map (same position on all servers!).

The world map however, ranging from 0,0 (bottom left corner) to 63,63
(top right corner), bears several other towns that you can find and
explore. These towns often contain different shops (some are said to offer
*Identify* service or even a cure to Black Breath) and harder dungeons.

However, they might also be a very dangerous place to stay, compared to Bree.
In general you can say the harder the local dungeon entrance of a town the
more dangerous monsters can spawn within the town! Bree is the only town that
contains just more or less harmless townsfolk.
The worst are Khazad-dum and Lothlorien, if you go here be _very_ cautious.
Monsters that appear here might look like harmless novice paladins or snagas
but are in fact of a higher level and more powerful. Also, dangerous monsters
can spawn in those towns: While Gondolin and Minas Anor can already have nasty
Mindcrafters, Khazad-Dum and Lothlorien may also spawn the infamous Grand
Swordsmasters which have killed many characters that went AFK outside the inns.
However, it has been observed that people who figured out how to climb high
mountains travelled to Khazad-dum despite their low level for a strange
reason >:-).
Even if you decide to stay in Gondolin, which is relatively harmless,
don't go afk for a longer time or even a snaga archer might kill you with his
ranged attacks. Always a nasty surprise..

Despite the hazards of higher level towns, towns in general act as a safe zone,
preventing PK/PvP attacks (ie attacks done by a player against another player)
and stop your character's food consumption, meaning that you cannot die by
starvation while in town. Towns also put experience drain on hold, which is
important for players wearing Nazgul Rings Of Power for example.
Dungeon towns behave like normal towns in these regards.


(4.5a) Shops
------------
Each town has several shops, displayed as numbers 1..9 and some '+'.
The 1..9 are standard shops, namely..
1       General Store   Sells food, lanterns, ammunition, cloaks and shrooms.
2       Armoury         Offers various basic armour. Rarely excellent pieces.
3       Weapon Shop     Offers various basic weapons. Rarely excellent pieces.
4       Temple          Player ghosts will be revived here, and receive some
                        money. The temple also sells a selection of blunt
                        weaponry, scrolls and potions.
                        The temple priest will also attempt to cure, heal or
                        feed you if you enter the temple in bad condition.

                        Since 4.4.9 the temple also offers you to toggle
                        'Instant Resurrection', a new feature that is only
                        available for everlasting players and will immediately
                        resurrect a player at the temple when he dies, removing
                        the need to wait for some higher level player to come
                        and rescue him. In turn, the experience penalty will be
                        50% instead of the usual 35%. Insta-res also keeps all
                        your items except for the usual chance to lose a few of
                        them on death, which is the same as on normal deaths.
                        However, the player will need to have enough cash to
                        pay an instant resurrection fee when he dies, which is:
                        Dungeonlevel * dungeonlevel * 10 + 10 gold pieces.
                        The money is automatically deducted from the purse or
                        the bank account as required. If the player does not
                        have enough money in total then resurrection will fail
                        and the player will remain a ghost in the dungeon as
                        usual when not using instant resurrection.
                        Instant resurrection does not work in no-ghost dungeons
                        (ie ironman or hellish) and dungeon levels (ie floors
                        where Morgoth is) or in the Nether Realm.
5       Alchemist       Sells various scrolls and potions.
6       Magic Shop      Sells wands, staves, rings and amulets.
7       Black Market    Sells many different items, mostly very good ones.
                        This shop is very expensive and buys for very little
                        in return. Better not sell your items to this shop,
                        as long as a regular store will pay you better.
                        Some items cannot be sold elsewhere though.
8       The Inn         In Bree it's The Prancing Pony. Inside the inn,
                        players are relatively safe from monsters.
9       Book Store      Sells books for istari, priests and all other (hybrid)
                        magic users. Book stores in higher-level towns on
                        average also tend to sell higher-level spells.
+       These are different everywhere. Some examples are mainly..
        Mayor's Office (in Bree)
                        Allows you to turn in deed parchments you won in
                        tournaments or on other occasions for a reward.
                        Also, you can receive a quest here (also see (4.13)).
        The Bank        Several towns have a bank where you can deposit and
                        withdraw money, so you won't lose it accidentally on a
                        dungeon trip.
        Rune Repository
                        Sells and buys runes used by Runemasters.
        Casino          Minas Anor has a casino. Go and try your luck!
                        (There are various gambling opportunities, and also
                        the ancient board game 'Go' which can be played on a
                        9x9 board for a one-time fee on each difficulty level.)
        Mass Identify Service
                        Will identify all items you currently carry for a fee.
                        See (5.7) for more information about identification.
        *Identify* Service
                        Will *identify* an item for a fee.
                        See (5.7) for more information about ID, *ID*, shops!
        Herbal Healing Service
                        Will cure black breath for a high fee. (See 1.5 for
                        more information about Black Breath.)
        Morph Restoration Service
                        Restores your form to normal in case you were
                        polymorphed (for example by a potion of Chauve-Souris).
        Enchant Services
                        These will enchant weapons, arrows, or all armour
                        parts you currently have equipped.
                        The maximum enchantment bonus is actually your
                        character level divided by 4, with the result capped
                        at a maximum of +20 (therefore reached at level 80).
                        Ammunition can never be enchanted above (+15,+15)!
        Mining Supply Store
                        In the hazardous city of Khazad-Dum is a store that
                        offers some goods found to be useful by the miners
                        in the mountain depths.

        ..and various miscellaneous store services, of which some currently may
        not have an actual effect.

Shops that buy and sell items will have a price limit that they will pay for
an item a players wants to sell. The limit varies from 50,000 to 300,000 Au
depending on the shop owner. The shop owners change regularly, if a shop makes
you a bad offer (the cap price) just wait for the owner to change or visit a
different shop. Shops in different towns are run by different owners although
they may use the same number '1'..'9' and '+' for their entrance symbols.
If the item is worth more than 300,000 Au maybe you can find a fellow player
who is wealthy and in urgent need of your items.

Shops regularly change their inventory on a random basis: Roughly every 33
seconds there is a chance that some items might get dropped and/or some new
items might get added to the store inventory.
This "store maintenance" stacks up to 10 times while no player is actually
visiting the store.
That means that shop-scumming can be done as fast as checking every ~33 seconds
for best results if you don't mind the effort, and on the other hand allows for
pretty relaxed scumming by checking about every 5 1/2 minutes.
Or anywhere between 33 seconds and 5 1/2 minutes, as you personally prefer.

See (5.7) for more information about ID, *ID* and shops!


(4.5b) Towns & town dungeons
----------------------------
Here is a list of towns and their corresponding local dungeons:
NOTE: Minimum level requirements for entering are usually disabled in normal
      server settings, so you can enter any dungeon anytime, if you dare.

Town        |Depth/Level|   Local dungeons    | Depth/Level      |Required
            |of the town|                     | of the local     |player level
            |itself     |                     | dungeon          |for entering
------------+-----------+---------------------+------------------+------------
Bree        |   0 ft/  0|The Training Tower   | +50..+100/ 1..2  |    1
            |           |Barrow-Downs         |  50..1750/ 1..35 |    1
Gondolin    |1000 ft/ 20|Mordor               |1700..3300/34..66 |   15
Minas Anor  |2000 ft/ 40|The Paths of the Dead|2000..3500/40..70 |   20
Lothlorien  |3000 ft/ 60|Angband              |3350..6350/67..127|   30
Khazad-dum  |4000 ft/ 80|Angband              |3350..6350/67..127|   30

To enter a dungeon your character must have the displayed minimum level.
Otherwise you'll get a message like this "Suddenly you're grasped by an
uncontrollable fear".

The deeper you decend into the dungeons, the more the passing of time itself
will be slowed down to make it easier to fight very fast monsters. By the time
your character enters those depths, it should already have boosted speed so
the slowdown won't bother you but come in handy. For example if you enter
Mordor you will notice a slowdown to to approx. 1/2 standard time.
See (4.14) for more information about the in-game time system.

Some advice regarding towns and town dungeons can be found at (7.6).


(4.5c) Dungeons
---------------
This paragraph is about dungeons that don't belong to any town.
For dungeons that belong to specific towns, see the paragraph 'Towns' above.

The staircase colour of a dungeon indicates the dungeon type, compare (4.3).

'Depth/Level' describe a dungeon's starting level and final level. Depth is
actually just a different way for expressing a dungeon floor level, so they're
redundant: Each dungeon level corresponds to 50 ft.

So for example Orc Cave starts at dungeon level 10 and ends at dungeon level 23
which means:
The first floor (ie -50 ft) in The Orc Cave is the same difficulty level as the
tenth floor (ie -500 ft) in the Barrow-Downs dungeon (which starts at level 1).
Since The Orc Cave goes from level 10 to level 23 that means it has 14 floors,
so its final floor will be -700 ft which is of the same difficulty level as
-1150 ft Barrow-Downs (ie level 23).

NOTE: Minimum level requirements for entering are usually disabled in normal
      server settings, so you can enter any dungeon anytime, if you dare.

Dungeon                        |     Depth* / Level    | Min. required player
                               |  (*relative to Lv.1)  |   level to enter(**)
-------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------
Death Fate (***)               |    50..  50/  1..1    |        1
The Halls of Mandos            |    50..4900/  1..98   |        1
The Orc Cave                   |   500..1150/ 10..23   |        3
Mirkwood                       |   550..1700/ 11..34   |        5
The Old Forest                 |   650..1300/ 13..26   |        5
The Helcaraxe                  |  1000..2050/ 20..41   |       10
The Sandworm lair              |  1100..1500/ 22..30   |       12
The Heart of the Earth         |  1250..1850/ 25..37   |       10
The Maze                       |  1250..1900/ 25..38   |       15
Cirith Ungol                   |  1250..2550/ 25..51   |       10
The Land Of Rhun               |  1300..2050/ 26..41   |       13
Moria                          |  1500..2500/ 30..50   |       15
The Small Water Cave           |  1600..1750/ 32..35   |       15
Submerged Ruins                |  1750..2550/ 35..51   |       15
The Illusory Castle            |  1750..2600/ 35..52   |       10
The Sacred Land Of Mountains   |  2000..2250/ 40..45   |       20
Erebor                         |  2500..3050/ 50..61   |       35
Dol Guldur                     |  2850..3550/ 57..71   |       28
Mount Doom                     |  4250..5000/ 85..99   |       38
Nether Realm                   |  8300..9800/166..196  |       40 (****)

(**) Minimum level requirements are usually disabled, so you can actually
enter any dungeon you like at any character level.

The official main server usually has one or several 'ironman' dungeons
(see (4.8)), their entrances (stairs) waiting to be discovered by some bold
explorers.
Such custom dungeons appear as 'Wilderness' in the "Recall depths and Towns"
list, and usually have no minimum required character level to enter.
There may also be certain special dungeons, related to events or jails, that
show up under according names in the list.

(***) Death Fate:
You cannot escape this dungeon, ever. Any character that enters it is fated to
die to monsters (unlikely) or starvation (very likely).

(****) Nether Realm details:
-To enter the Nether Realm a player must carry the 'King'/'Queen' title,
 acquired by beating Morgoth, Lord of Darkness.
-Each floor in the Nether Realm gives a +2% bonus to experience from monster
 kills. So hunting at -350ft in there will give a +14% exp bonus. (This bonus
 is actually multiplied by the usual floor boni, instead of added. So you will
 get even much more exp when hunting on a floor with a lot of 'bad' special
 flags.)
-Note that the amount of experience is already very high even without this
 depth-bonus, since creatures in the Nether Realm are of a very high level.


(4.5c2) Eample dungeon depth relations
--------------------------------------
Here are some examples of relations of dungeon level difficulties.

This does not take into account the dungeon 'theme', ie types of walls, floors
and other terrain and preferred/disallowed monster types.
It is purely about the depth, ie the dungeon floor level, and therefore the
basic average monster level encountered on those dungeon floors.
(The average level of monsters you can expect there is always the same as the
level of the dungeon floor. With a few random exceptions sometimes.)

-The Orc Cave -50ft is same depth as Barrow-Downs -500ft, aka dungeon level 10.

-Mordor -50ft is dungeon level 34, while Barrow-Down's deepest floor at -1750ft
 is actually dungeon level 35 (1750ft/50ft).

-Path of the Dead -50ft is dungeon level 40, which is the same dungeon level as
 Mordor -350ft, ie 6 levels 'deeper' (34*50ft + 6*50ft).

-Angband -50ft is dungeon level 67, while Mordor's deepest floor at -1650 is
 dungeon level 66. Pretty seamless.

-Path of the Dead bottom at -1550ft is the same dungeon level as Angband -200ft
 ie dungeon level 70.


(4.5d) Dungeon bosses
---------------------
Most dungeons have a dungeon boss at the final floor, which in most cases has a
chance to drop a specific artifact. In most cases the chance to drop it is 1/3.
The bosses have different probabilities to appear, but none of them is overly
rare, so just reset the level a couple of times until you find the boss (by
leaving the level, waiting for a little bit, then entering it again).

Of course you can only find an artifact if it is currently not on the list of
known artifacts ie if noone else is currently in possession of it.
Even if you don't get an artifact, some of the dungeon bosses have 'DROP_GREAT'
flag, which means you will usually get especially good loot from them.

Here is a list of all dungeon bosses and the artifacts they are guarding:
(Some names have been shortened to fit.)

Dungeon, sorted by depth     |          Boss         |       Artifact
-----------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------
The Training Tower           |  -                    | -
Barrow-Downs                 |  Wight-King           | Stone of Lore
Mordor                       |  -                    | -
The Paths of the Dead        |  Feagwath             | Doomcaller
Angband                      |  - (*)                | -
------Non-town dungeons------+-----------------------+-------------------------
Death Fate                   |  -                    | -
The Halls of Mandos          |  -                    | -
The Orc Cave                 |  Azog                 | -
Mirkwood                     |  -                    | -
The Old Forest               |  Old Man Willow       | Boomerang of Beor
The Helcaraxe                |  White Balrog         | Til-i-arc
The Sandworm lair            |  Sandworm Queen       | Armour of the Sandworm
The Heart of the Earth       |  Golgarach            | Anchor of Space-time
The Maze                     |  Minotaur             | Helm of Hammerhand
Cirith Ungol                 |  Shelob               | Sting
The Land Of Rhun             |  Ulfang the Black     | Careth Asdriag
Moria                        |  Balrog of Moria      | Quarterstaff of Olorin
The Small Water Cave         |  Watcher in the Water | Trident of Wrath
Submerged Ruins              |  Ar-Pharazon          | Toris Mejistos
The Illusory Castle          |  King in Yellow       | Helm of Knowledge
The Sacred Land Of Mountains |  T'ron                | Coat of T'ron
Erebor                       |  Smaug                | Nauglamir
Dol Guldur                   |  Shadow of Dol Guldur | Ring of Durin
Mount Doom                   |  Sauron, the Sorceror | - (**)
Nether Realm                 |  Zu-Aon               | Ring of Phasing

(*) Angband does not have a designated final boss, but the unique monster
Tik'srvzllat does not appear before depth 127. Since Angband ends at depth 127,
you can find him on the final floor (if he actually spawns).
In this light, Tik'srvzllat could be seen as Angband's final boss.

Also, Morgoth, the Lord of Darkness is encountered in Angband at -1700 ft or
deeper. See (1.3), (1.3a) and (1.3b) for more information.

(**) While Sauron, the Sorceror, boss of Mount Doom, does not drop any specific
artifact, he is still a required kill before you are able to encounter Morgoth,
the Lord of Darkness (compare (1.3), (1.3a) and (1.3b)).
When you kill Sauron, you will be able to recall out from that dungeon level!
(Usually you cannot recall into/out of Mt Doom.)



(4.6) Pits and vaults
---------------------
Usually monsters are found on their corresponding depth. You can press ~7 to
find out which monster occurs where. However there are some exceptions, where
you can find monsters "out-of-depth" (ood), meaning that you will encounter way
more powerful enemies than would usually occur on a particular depth.
That can be very dangerous but also very rewarding. Out-of-depth monsters
sometimes occur inside of so-called "pits" and very likely inside "vaults".

Pits are large rooms, surrounded by a rectangle-shaped passage, containing
monsters picked by a pit-specific criterium (troll pit, zoo pit...).
Usually pits are very welcome means for gaining experience or items (like orc
pits, troll pits, dragon pits), except for a few high-danger pits, such as
jelly/mold/mimic pits, humanoid pits or undead pits (called 'graveyards').
Zoos (animal pits) can sometimes also be relatively dangerous.

Vaults are (sometimes extremely large) fixed structures of rooms and passages,
mostly surrounded by permanent walls that cannot be damaged.
They are usually filled to the brim with traps and nasty monsters. Using means
of trap detection and monster sensing allows you to spot vaults easily, if its
wall structure or permanent walls (not all vaults have those) doesn't already
give it away.
Another very early indication for a vault on your dungeon level are the floor
feelings displayed in yellow colour, see (4.8).

A vault can be a real adventure of its own! If your character isn't very
powerful compared to the dungeon level, you better stay out of vaults if their
structure doesn't allow easy monster killing.
Note that some monsters can destroy walls and thereby dig their way out of a
vault, if they are awake. So in case of dangerous vaults you better stay at a
distance or even leave the level.

Besides pits and vaults, there are also special rooms with features inside,
see 'Pit', 'Vault' or 'Room' in (0.4).



(4.7) Traps & trap kits
-----------------------

About traps:
------------
At the beginning you will encounter traps that can do little damage, some will
decrease your stats temporarily, they are annoying but not a big danger.
However, later on traps will become extremely nasty and you should either get
a very high searching skill or make sure that you have staves, spells or
scrolls that can detect traps. If you encounter a dangerous trap do not try to
disarm it if you are not very sure that you can do it without setting it off,
or if you don't at least know that setting it off won't have too bad effects
(some traps aren't very harmful, so you can just keep trying to disarm them).

If you manually disarm a trap (ie via the disarm command instead of relying on
magic spells or magic devices that do the disarming for you) you will get a
certain amount of experience points depending on the trap type; it can pay off
to disarm a large patch of traps.

Disarming traps will become an essential part of the gameplay later on. Vaults
will have *lots* of traps and if you haven't got superior disarming skills (or
wands of disarming / trap destruction) every single move of your character will
have to be planned! This can be especially annoying and dangerous if there are
multiplying or extremely tough monsters inside the vault. If your searching
ability is 'Heroic' or 'Legendary' you will discover most traps instantly just
by coming close to them without having to explicitely search for them.
If you look at an object that is on an already detected trap, you will be
notified about the trap by an ^ symbol in front of the item name and the trap
type appended to it in { } brackets. It looks like this:
^ A potion of Constitution {Chaos Ball Trap}

Trap symbols ('^') come in different colours. Here's an overview:
    blue            stat traps (STR/INT/WIS/DEX/CON/CHR), in three difficulties:
                    1) only reduces an attribute temporarily, heals on its own.
                    2) reduces an attribute, requiring you to use restoration.
                    3) permanently reduces an attribute. Counter with stat potion.
    bright white    teleport traps
    orange          dungeon/trap rearrangment traps
    violet          summoning traps
    yellow          item-affecting traps
    red             character status-affecting traps
    green           elemental bolt traps
    light blue      elemental ball traps
    light red       arrow/bolt/dagger traps
    white           miscellaneous traps


About trap kits:
----------------
The 'Trapping' skill allows a player to set up 'monster traps'.
The ability to set up a trap can be accessed by pressing the 'm' key
or by utilizing the macro wizard (press % and z to start it).

A monster trap consists of
-a trap kit
-an item (or a stack of items) to load the trap kit.

Each kind of trap kit requires different items serving as ammunition:
Catapult Trap Kit       -       Sling ammo (fires with 2x base might).
Arrow Trap Kit          -       Arrows (fires with 3x base might).
Bolt Trap Kit           -       Bolts (fires with 4x base might).
Fumes Trap Kit          -       Potions. The effects are very similar to the
                                effects when throwing a potion at a monster,
                                the trap will greatly increase the potion's
                                effectiveness though, by generating a thick
                                fume that envelops nearby creatues and
                                possibly gets inhaled as well.
Magic Trap Kit          -       Scrolls or runes. Even scrolls that are usually
                                only used on other items might have effects on
                                certain creatures.
Device Trap Kit         -       Wands/Staves/Rods.
                                The charges of wands and staves will be
                                decreased by 1 each time the trap sets off.
                                Rod-traps will have timeouts, same as the rod
                                itself.

A normal trap kit can be loaded with 1 item of the according ammo.
After it went off (and is out of charges for device traps) you can pick up the
trap kit to use it again.
If it was a catapult/arrow/bolt trap kit you can often recover the ammunition
too, in case it didn't break. (Magic ammo and artifact ammo never break).

Trap kits can have special (ego) powers:
(prefixes:)
Automatic       - Can set off up to 99 times, with a 20% chance each time of
                  ceasing to function. Requires the according amount of ammo
                  though, if it's not a device trap kit.
Fully Automatic - Sets off up to 99 times.
                  Requires the according amount of ammunition if it's not a
                  device trap kit.
Well-hidden     - Makes it harder for monsters to spot the trap.
Complicated     - Trap gets an extra AC bonus, making it harder to disarm.
Obvious         - Curses the trap and makes it practically useless.
(suffixes:)
of Extra Might  - fires with +x (bonus shown in round brackets) extra might.
of Extra Shots  - fires +x (bonus shown in round brackets) extra shots/round.
for Dragons     - Only triggers against dragons. Especially hard to spot.
                  Fires extra shots.
for Demons      - Only triggers against demons. Especially hard to spot.
                  Fires extra shots.
for Animals     - Only triggers against animals. Especially hard to spot.
                  Fires extra shots.
for Undead      - Only triggers against undead. Especially hard to spot.
                  Fires extra shots. May damage or destroy ghosts.
for Evil        - Only triggers against evil. Especially hard to spot.
                  Fires extra shots. May damage or destroy ghosts.

If monsters notice a trap they can try to disarm it:

A pval (that's a number in round parentheses, eg (+2)) increases the trap's
"stealth", making it well-hidden and therefore harder for monsters to notice.

For trap kits that have XTRA_SHOTS flag, ie that fire more than 1 shot at once
(you see "It fires missiles excessively fast." on *identifying* the trap kit),
this value also determines the number of extra shots.

The "armour class" bonus of a trap kit, given in brackets (eg [+8]) increases
the trap's complexity, making it harder for monsters to disarm the trap.

Trap kits and ammo that were disarmed by a monster cannot be recovered.

You can disarm your own traps to get back the trap kit (and ammunition).


Hints for quick and easy handling:
----------------------------------
It is a good idea to inscribe trap kits and their loads.
For example you could inscribe all trapping-related items  !=  so you will pick
them up from the floor automatically when you want to retrieve trap kits that
went off.

Also you could inscribe the ammo/load items  @m1  so you can macro them easily.

In the macro wizard you could even make a macro that prompts you for which trap
kit to use if you enter a blank line (just hit ENTER key) when it asks you
which item you want to load a trap with.

Last but not least when your trapper is low level and you pick up all sorts of
bad potions you could make a macro to load a fumes trap kit with a potion
inscribed  @m1 . Now make another macro that lets you inscribe all the bad
potions you pick up  @m1  so you won't have to do that manually for each of
them. That inscribing-macro could look like this:
{-@m1\r
where the '-' will cause the { inscribe command to prompt for inscription first
and the item afterwards, effectively simply asking you to specify the item.



(4.8) Dungeon, floor & vault feelings
-------------------------------------
Dungeon feelings:
-----------------
Dungeons that haven't been visited for a while will start giving a temporary
experience bonus, until the game perceives them as 'well explored' again.
If you enter such a rarely visited dungeon you will be notified about the
experience bonus by one of these dungeon feelings, displayed in light umber:

  "This place has not been explored recently.":        +7% experience gain.

  "This place has not been explored in a long time.":  +13% experience gain.

  "This place has not been explored in ages.":         +20% experience gain.

These boni stack with boni from 'bad' (orange) floor feelings explained below.


Floor feelings:
---------------
Sometimes if you enter a new dungeon level your character will have a special
feeling about it, called 'level feelings' or 'floor feelings', displayed in
orange text.
These feelings are as follows:

  "You feel an imminent danger!" ->     This dungeon level is *way* higher
                                        than your character level.

  "You feel a suppressive air." ->      You cannot use wraith form or
                                        probability travel on this level.
                                        (NO_MAGIC, +10% experience bonus!)

  "The air seems distorted." ->         You cannot use genocide on this level!
  (formerly 'feeling of peace')         (NO_GENO, +5% experience bonus!)

  "You lose all sense of direction..." -> You won't be able to auto-map this
                                        dungeon, meaning that you won't
                                        remember the dungeon layout.
                                        You can only see your nearby
                                        surroundings within your character's
                                        line of sight.
                                        (NO_MAP, +15% experience bonus!)

  "You feel like a stranger..." ->      You cannot use magic mapping nor
                                        clairvoyance here!
                                        (NO_MAGIC_MAP, +10% experience bonus!)

  "The walls here seem very solid." ->  The dungeon structure on this level
                                        is unaffected by *Destruction* or by
                                        earthquake magic.
                                        (NO_DESTROY, +5% experience bonus!)

  "You feel that your life hangs in the balance!" ->    ** Extremely dangerous
                                        to normal/everlasting players! **
                                        This only occurs on a level where
                                        Morgoth, Lord of Darkness resides,
                                        grasping the area with his untamable
                                        will to destroy.
                                        Players who die on this level will be
                                        completely extinguished and not even
                                        their ghost will survive! Everlasting
                                        and normal players will die the same
                                        way as unworldly and hellish ones!

  "You don't sense a magic barrier here..." ->   This message only occurs in
                                        Ironman or no-recall dungeons/towers.
                                        It lets you know that you may use
                                        word-of-recall on this floor!
                                        (This message is displayed in green
                                        colour, not orange.)

In addition to those orange level specialties, there are more feelings you
may get about the danger a level poses. Those only appear if you spent some
time (usually a few minutes) on the dungeon level you were coming from, so
they won't be helpful while stair-scumming or probability-travelling quickly.
(Exception: On Ironman-rule servers these will always be displayed, since all
dungeons are ironman and stair-scumming is not possible.)
The number telling you the current floor's depth (or a town name if you're in a
town) in the bottom right corner of the main window will turn light blue when
you spent enough time on your current floor to receive an extra feeling on
entering the next floor.
These extra level feelings (displayed in yellow) are:

  "What a terrifying place.."
      means a) there's a highly ood monster (20..40 levels above floor level,
      with 40 actually being the maximum possible ood level shift, compare
      ood explanation in (0.4)) or
      b) a great vault and some ood monster (10..19 levels) on the level.
      If you receive this message it will in most cases also change the normal
      music theme of that dungeon to a special 'terrifying' music, making it
      easier to notice quickly.

  "You sense an air of danger.."
      means there's a freely roaming ood monster (10..19 levels)
      on the level, and also the level has a vault on it somewhere.

  "Feels somewhat dangerous around here.."
      means there's a vault or a rather dangerous monster pit or nest
      on the level.

  "There's a sensation of challenge.."
      means there's a freely roaming slightly ood monster (10..19 levels)
      on the level.

  "There's a special feeling about this place.."
      means there's a unique monster on the level.

  "What a boring place.."
      means nothing of the above apply to this level.

Explanations:
"Freely roaming" means that the monster isn't generated inside a vault.
"Ood" means out of depth, ie a monster which is of higher level than the actual
dungeon level it spawned on.

Note that you will only get one, ie the strongest of these feelings applying
to your dungeon level, meaning feelings higher up the list will take precedence
over those below.

Also, the feeling of a dungeon level only indicate its status at the very
moment of the level being created initially!

This means the feeling will persist, even if its cause is removed or changed.
For example if the feeling indicates an OOD monster and you kill it,
you or following players entering that floor will still get that same feeling.
Or if a powerful monster spawns later on on an initially "boring place" level,
it'll remain to feel like a boring place, despite the new monster that might
actually make it pretty non-boring now..


If you are in the Ironman Deep Dive Challenge dungeon, you will get a feeling
informing you about the presence of a dungeon boss monster that belongs to the
dungeon theme in your current IDDC section.
This feeling appears in addition to the yellow floor feelings listed above:

  "You feel a commanding presence.."
      means that the dungeon boss of the current IDDC theme has been spawned.


Vault feelings:
---------------
Vaults can also bear a very dangerous feature that is displayed as dark grey
feeling as soon as you are about to enter the vault:

  "The air in here feels very still." ->  Means that you cannot use any type of
                                        teleportation, including word-of-
                                        recall while inside the vault. Beware!
                                        Further, Wraith Form and probability
                                        travel won't work either!
                                        The fact that you are standing within
                                        a no-tele area is also indicated by
                                        your (xx, yy) position display on the
                                        lower left area of the main window
                                        turning from light green to dark grey!
                                        Also, the music will in most cases
                                        change from the normal theme of that
                                        dungeon to the same music played on
                                        'terrifying' levels, for easier notice.

As soon as you leave such a no-teleport-vault you'll receive this feeling:
  "Fresh air greets you as you leave the vault."



(4.9) Navigating on maps
------------------------
The world map is divided into 64 x 64 world map sectors. Each of these sectors
contains 5 x 5 smaller subsectors (screens). Dungeon levels or tower floors
also can have up to 5 x 5 subsectors, same as 1 world map sector. (Use 'L' key
to look around your current worldmap sector/dungeon level, and you will see
the subsector coordinates displayed at the top line.)
Monsters cannot cross world map sector borders! Keep this in mind while
travelling, it might save your life.

Note that dungeon/tower levels are often smaller than 5 x 5 subsectors,
sometimes even just as small as 2 x 2.
While you are looking around with 'L' key, the current map sector is displayed
in the top left corner of the screen. This information can help other players
to find you in case you need help!

You can press 'M' to invoke a map that gives you a larger overview.
If you press 'M' in a dungeon, tower or a town, you'll see the complete 4 x 4
sectors. If you invoke the map while you're in the wilderness outside of towns,
you will see a part of the 64 x 64 world map, centered around your current
world map sector, displaying towns (yellow T), the sea (blue %), mountains (^)
and other information (compare (4.4)).
If you want to see the world map while in town or in a dungeon, press ~ key and
choose "Wilderness map".

In the main window around the very bottom left corner you will see two numbers
separated by a komma, these tell you your current world map sector.
In case you're currently in a town, the town's name will be displayed in the
bottom right corner of the screen.
(You can also see your coordinates by invoking the character screen with 'C'.)

If you're in a dungeon or tower, you will see your current depth/height in
feet. Each dungeon level or tower floor has a height of 50 feet.
Example: If it shows '-550ft' that means you've descended to the 11th level
of the dungeon. The deeper you go, the more nasty monsters will show up.
Negative depths in dungeons and positive heights in towers mean identical
monster difficulties. Example: In Bree there's a tower and a dungeon. In the
2nd tower floor on 100ft you will usually find the same monsters as in the
dungeon on level -100ft (2nd dungeon level).



(4.10) Houses
-------------
There are two types of houses, private houses and (very few) public houses.
Public houses have walls of slate colour, while private houses have white
walls. Public houses always have a light brown house door and can be entered
by anyone, they cannot be bought.

Private houses can actually be bought by a player, and their access can be
configured for example to allow everyone in your party to enter it.
Press 'h' to buy or sell a private house, or to change house parameters (for
example giving all your party members access to it). You need to stand directly
next to the house door to do this.
If you sell a house you get half the money back it cost you to buy it, or
actually even a bit less than half, depending on your charisma.
(When that house is sold, all items that are still inside are erased.)

The door colour of private houses will indicate the door permissions,
ie which players may access it:

-a light brown house door indicates that the house is currently unowned
 (so you can buy it if you have sufficient funds).

-a light green house door indicates that you are the owner.

-a grey door indicates that this house is already owned by someone and you
 don't have access to it.

-a light blue door indicates that you may access this house because it's set
 to party access for your party.

-a violet door indicates that you may access this house because you're in the
 same guild as the owner, ie the house is set to 'guild access'.
 (Note: Guild access is currently disabled.)

-a yellow door indicates that you will have access to this house, as soon as
 your level matches the level restriction set by its owner.

Houses with party access allow further restrictions. Those are:

-a white door indicates that the door has a race and/or class restriction,
 and you may access it because you match the race/class of the owner.
-an orange door indicates that you don't match a race/class restriction.

-a light red door indicates that access is restricted to either winners
 (Kings/Queens/Emperors/Empresses) or to fallen winners (winners who died and
 thus lost their title), and you may access it because you match the condition.
-a red door means that you fail to match above restriction.
(Note: The restrictions 'winners' and 'fallen winners' can be applied together
when setting house door restrictions. In that case, they will require anyone
who wants to enter to be either winner or fallen winner.)

-a dark grey door means that this house may only be accessed by no-ghost
 characters, that means either unworldly or hellish.

If you forgot which houses you own, type ~6 or use the /houses command to see a
list of your houses.
The house owner can always access his house and cannot lock himself out by
setting restrictions. The door will always be displayed light green to him.

Note: The colour of house walls and doors are affected by day/night, so in the
night the colours will not be accurate but darker, until you come close enough
that the door is within your lamp's light radius.

Special gimmick: You can press 'h' or use the /paint command to paint your
house, see the "/paint" command in (0.2) for more information.

WARNING:
Items on the floor within a house don't form piles! If you drop too many
items and space in the house runs out the dropped item may just disappear!


(4.10a) Player stores
---------------------
Players can turn their houses into stores, which run automagically even while
they aren't logged on. Other players can enter your store and buy items, but
not sell any. You will receive cheques that you can turn in for money by simply
reading them with 'r' key, same as scrolls. You can also 'I'nspect them.
The prices customers will see listed when they enter your store are at least as
high as twice of the item's base value (or in other words half of normal Black
Market price, except that prices in player stores do not depend on race or
charisma). You can further increase an item's price by inscribing it, if
you like:

To turn a house into a player-store, simply put an item in it that carries the
  @S
inscription. This inscription means that this item will be put up for sale in
your store. (Press '{' key to inscribe an item, '}' to remove an inscription.)
As soon as a house contains at least one item inscribed this way, if a player
who does not have access to the house tries to open the door, he will be
presented with a store screen where he can buy those inscribed items.

If you want to set a higher price than the default price, you can inscribe the
item with the price like this:
  @S20000
This will ask for 20000 gold, provided the minimum price isn't actually higher.

Instead of setting a price, you can also add to the base price, by using the
following inscription syntax:
  @S+10000
This will add 10000 gold to the default price that is asked for.

Note that if you want to put up items with inscriptions longer than just the
store-part, you need to terminate the store inscription with a dot. Examples:
  Hello@S10000.Customer
  @S.Good stuff
This item will appear in your store with an inscription "HelloCustomer". The
"S@..." part is always omitted. This way, you can add short notes to the items
you offer.

You can use 'k' and 'M' to denote a multiplier of thousand and million
respectively:
  @S3k  will sell for 3000,
  @S1M  will sell for 1000000.

If you want to display items that are not for sale, eg create a 'museum', you
can inscribe the items
  @S-
which will make them unsellable, yet they will be on display on your store.

If another player buys your item, there will be a 10% fee that is cut from your
profits.
The rest of the price the customer paid will be imprinted into a cheque. This
cheque is then placed into an available spot in that house. To turn a cheque
into money, simply press 'r' to read it like you would read a scroll.
You can also 'I'nspect a cheque to find out how much it's worth.

There are two types of cheques:
Normally, if an item or a whole pile is bought by someone, the item or pile
will simply be replaced with a cheque accordingly, for you to withdraw.
If however the customer buys only part of a pile of items, then another type
of cheque will be used, called 'mass cheque' which uses one extra slot in your
house and combines all sales of partial piles of items.
While normal cheques are inscribed with details of the item that was sold, mass
cheques only say 'various piled items' or something similar.
So if you offer piles, make sure that you have at least one free space in your
house, or you will lose the cheque!

Usually, player stores may only pop up if a player doesn't have access to that
house door. If you want to test your own player store though, you can just
press 'h' key or use the /pstore command when standing next to your house door
(see (0.2)).

To indicate that your house is a player store, you can use 'h' key or the
"/paint" command to paint your house entrance for other players to see!
Please see (0.2) for more information about painting.



(4.11)  Malicious effects players can suffer
--------------------------------------------
The player can suffer from various effects caused by monsters, traps or
himself. Against several of these effects the 'Saving Throw' ability helps
to decide whether it will be resisted or not (especially true for effects
that are cast by monsters on the player).
The various effects are:

For 'Fear', 'Blindness', 'Confusion' and 'Paralysis' - please see (5.6).

Hunger  -Gorged         Your speed gets reduced by 10.
        -Full           While being /afk in 'Full' state or in normal state
                        (normal = no food state is displayed, the 'Full'
                        disappeared), your digestion will be stopped, allowing
                        you to remain afk as long as you wish.
        -Hungry
        -Weak (yellow)
        -Weak (orange)
        -Weak (red)     You lose hit points and get paralyzed even with FA.
         (starving)     If you hit a bowel cramps trap, you instantly enter
                        this nutrition state. 'Slow Digestion' will help to
                        not get insta-paralyzed!
        You will regenerate hit points slower if you are weak, and not at
        all if you are starving (red 'Weak').

Slowdown        Monsters can cast spells or breathe (inertia, gravity) to slow
                the player down. This effect is temporary. 'Free Action' helps
                a bit to reduce the effect from inertia breath.

Stun    -Stun           Reduces to-hit and to-dam.
                        Reduces your martial arts damage (because you cannot
                        perform MA special styles while stunned).
                        Reduces chance for successful spell-casting.
                        Prevents you from intercepting a monster (see (6.2)
                        'Interception' skill).
                        Reduces chance to block or parry.
        -Heavy stun     Greatly reduces to-hit and to-dam.
                        Reduces your martial arts damage (because you cannot
                        perform MA special styles while stunned).
                        Greatly reduces chance for successful spell-casting.
        -Knocked out    You cannot perform any action while knocked out,
                        it leaves your character completely helpless.
                        Beware! High AC helps to prevent it, see (5.11).
                        Note that AC only helps against melee-based stun
                        (most famous monster is probably "The Stormbringer"),
                        while stun from sound attacks can only be prevented
                        by having sound resistance.

Cut                     Cuts will make you lose HP continuously.
(Graze, Light cut, Bad cut, Nasty cut, Severe cut, Deep gash, Mortal wound)

Poison  -Poisoned       The player will continuously lose Hit Points.
                        Resisting poison will prevent the player from getting
                        poisoned (compare (5.6)).


(4.11a) Drain effects
---------------------
Apart from the effects listed above which are indicated in the status bar at
the bottom of the main window, there are three 'drain' effects that can occur.
These can be caused by items, monsters or terrain, and are:

Experience drain ('Drains your life force')
    Having 'Hold Life' does not protect against this.
    If you equip multiple items that drain experience, the total drain will
    diminish with each further item though instead of adding up, so for example
    using two rings of power will be less severe than than one might expect.
    If experience drain hits the threshold for your current character level, it
    will not drain any further, so you cannot lose a level from it. Beware
    however, that you are not hit by another life draining effect that lowers
    your experience further below the level threshold, or the experience drain
    will kick in again.
    Experience drain is on hold while you are in town areas, this includes
    dungeon towns.
    All the rings of power that are dropped by Nazgul drain experience (and
    turn you invisible).

Mana drain ('Drains your magic')
    Drains your mana pool.

Hit point drain ('Drains your hit points')
    Drains your hit points down to zero, then stops. This means that this
    effect won't kill you, but can make it extremely risky to go AFK in an
    unsafe place. Well, going AFK in an unsafe place can kill you anyway.
    HP drain stacks and is given by:
     -Items that just drain your HP
     -Items that have strong good powers and you use them as a Vampire
     -The sun, when it's day and you're a Vampire and out in the open without
      a protective mummy wrapping
     -Monster forms that provide wall-passing (wraith form)
     -Being entombed in walls, ie stuck without the ability to pass through them
    HP drain can be countered by HP regeneration, which can be gained from:
     -'Regeneration' ability (which is a flag, ie one source providing it is
      enough and having more than one regen source won't increase the effect),
      gained from items or as racial/form bonus
     -Health skill
     -Holy Curing school bonus
     -Nature school spell
     -Biofeedback from fire stones
    which all stack too.

Also see (5.17) for how these drain effects stack or may be cancelled out.



(4.12)  Malicious effects monsters can suffer
---------------------------------------------
Monsters can be affected by similar effects as players.
Those are:

Fear, blindness, confusion, sleep, slowing, and stun.

Note (except for 'stun' effect):
      There are basic spells or magic devices that don't do anything except
      trying to cause one of these effects directly, for example a 'wand of
      slow monsters' or the spell 'scare'.
      It is important to know that unique monsters are always unaffected by
      these basic spells. Other monsters have a chance to resist, depending on
      their level vs the power (level) of the spell.

Effect details:
---------------
Fear is a temporary effect, causing the monster to flee. Many monsters turn
        afraid if their hit points drop very low. Wears off after a while.
Blindness and confusion are currently the same thing, resulting in erratic
        movements and being unable to cast spells or attack. Usually only
        low level monsters are prone to these.
        They are temporary effects that wear off after a while.
Sleep is especially nice if it's cast as an area effect. Gets you out of
        trouble, although most higher monsters are immune to it.
        Monsters will wake up after a while, depending on your stealth.
        Sleep effects are NOT cumulative.
Slowing on monsters is currently a permanent effect. Very effective, although
        many higher monsters are immune to it. Also, it is currently
        cumulative (subject to change) and can be applied several times,
        although monsters might resist.
Stun    (Note that "stunned" and "dazed" are the same thing.)
        Stun can be caused by special martial art attacks among other things.
        Stunned monsters have a harder time to successfully cast spells or hit
        you in melee combat. Also monsters cannot interfere with your actions
        while they are stunned. Many monsters are immune to stun, but also
        many monsters - even of high level - are not.
        Monsters can also be heavily stunned or knocked out, same as players.
        Stun is temporary and will wear off, if no new stun effect is applied.



(4.13) Quests and Events
------------------------
Your character will have uncounted opportunities to participate in quests and
events. While some events might be run by server admins or even fellow players
and depend on their mood and spare time, other events are created by the game
independent of admin intervention.

Some events will require you to have zero experience in order to participate.
The maximum experience your character ever accumulated counts for this, so
make sure you don't gain even 1 point of experience before the event starts!
The following actions may reward 1 XP without you noticing:
  -Eating a bad food ration.
  -Picking a lock.
  -Transferring items or money from another player to you.
  -Picking up/earning more than 300 gold pieces (IDDC-exclusive characters are
   unable to pick up ny gold at all, and in turn start out with 300 extra).
   Use the /ex command to see how much more gold you may pick up
Killing townspeople in Bree however will not give you any experience.
Stay clean!


Here is a list of currently implemented automatic quests and events:


Quests
------
Kill quest
    To receive a kill quest, visit the major in the town hall (one of the '+'
    doors in town), or simply type "/quest" in the chat.
    There is a certain time limit which in most cases is easily sufficient,
    especially if you have the according ESP ability.
    The time limit is actually two 'in-game days', which in real time lasts
    somewhat over two hours. (See (4.14) for more information about the
    in-game time system.)
    The time will continue to run out even while you're not logged on.
    If you fulfil the kill quest you received, you will be rewarded with a
    good or great item, depending on the difficulty (monster level) and chance.
    The item does not depend on your race, class, skills or luck in any way,
    it's completely random.
    If you fail to complete your quest, the quest will be dropped and you can
    just get a new one if you want to. There is no penalty.

    On Ironman server or within the Ironman Deep Dive Challenge dungeon, the
    quality of the items rewarded is boosted somewhat, while the amount of
    monsters that need to be slain is somewhat lower (especially for low level
    quests).


Events (use /evinfo and /evsign commands to get information and to sign up)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Highlander Tournament (pvp, only one can win, 2+ participants)
    This is an event rather than a quest. When you see a message, announcing
    a Highlander Tournament, type "/evinfo" in the chat to find out more, and
    use "/evsign" followed by the event number to sign up for participation.
    It's a deathmatch with 10 minutes of preparation time, and only newly
    created characters with 0 experience may join it.
    The winner will receive a deed that can be 'r'ead, and turned in at Bree's
    Mayor Office for either an item that fits the needs of the character (it
    checks which skills you have trained to determine the item), or the deed
    can be turned in for a temporary luck boost. Usually you will want the
    item. However, you can trade the deed to someone else, who can then go and
    redeem it for luck for that character of his (although the luck bonus he
    gets will be somewhat lower than what the original owner would receive).
    All losers will also receive a deed on the next character they log in with
    which can be turned in for a small temporary luck bonus.
    For details about luck see LUCK flag in (5.8).

    Detailed course of the event:

    After signing up, players can kill townies for cash and go shopping.
    They must not earn ANY experience though, or they won't be able to
    participate when the event starts.

    When the event starts, all players are teleported into a specific dungeon
    that is reserved for Highlander Tournament participants exclusively.
    All players receive an Amulet of the Highlands which they should not forget
    to wear, because it gives the character considerable power.
    They now have 10 minutes to level up in this dungeon.

    After 10 minutes, everyone is teleported out of the dungeon and meets on a
    battlefield where they have to kill each other, because it is well known
    that THERE CAN ONLY BE ONE!

    When a player is slain and drops his items, other players can pick up his
    Amulet of the Highlands and 'w'ear it, which will make it fuse with an
    already existing Amulet of the Highlands, increasing its power!

    When only one player is left, he will be the designated winner, and
    teleported back to Bree. He automatically receives a victory deed in his
    inventory which he can exchange at the Mayor's office in the town hall.
    It can be exchanged for eiter an item or a temporary luck bonus.
    He can also give this deed to another character if he wishes, although in
    that case it can only be exchanged for a luck bonus, not an item, and the
    bonus will be somewhat lower than for the Highlander champion himself.

    All losers will also receive a 'contenders deed' on the next character they
    log on with, which can be exchanged at the Mayor's office for small
    temporary luck bonus (note that it vanishes when you log off).

    A note regarding turning in a deed for an item:
    The item you get will be random but still depend on your character's skill
    points spent. So you should not turn in the deed before you actually spent
    your skill points. For example if you spend several points into
    sword-mastery then _if_ you receive a weapon it will actually be a sword.

Arena Monster Challenge (no losses or gains, for testing your abilities)
    The wizards of Arena Monster Challenge (tm) have prepared a spectacular
    event on the top floor of Bree's training tower, which will allow any Joe
    and Jane to experience top-notch fights against creatures that usually
    pose lethal threat. In this illusonary arena, players will experience
    a fight that seems absolutely real, but they won't suffer any
    consequences if they lose, ie 'die'. Test your might against any foe you
    always wanted to challenge but never dared in real dungeoneer's life!
    It's also possible to challenge ego monsters (such as veteran archers or
    holy animals). The arena corners are safe zones and allow for spectating.
    Note that you cannot die or suffer various hazardous effects in the arena,
    and monsters cannot summon. Hint: If you want to spice a monster up, try
    the /scream command while it's in your line of sight.
    Note: Be careful about monsters that can disarm you. If your weapon drops
    to the floor right the moment the event finally ends, you will lose it
    because everyone gets teleported to town automatically and the arena is
    removed (and your weapon with it).
    Apart from that, inventory and equipment cannot be damaged/destroyed or
    disenchanted in this event.

Dungeon Keeper (everyone can win, 1+ participants)
    Character who want to participate must not be of higher level than 15.
    A character can participate only once in this event.
    Fruit bats or PvP-mode characters are not eligible to join.
    Running, phasing, teleporting, magic mappping, detection and ESP are
    disabled in the event. Also, your speed cannot exceed +0 (Normal), and
    the lava that floods the dungeon will deal irresistible damage even if
    your character is immune to fire.
    Except for a brass lantern which you can buy from town
    store '1' (general store), no items are required for this event.

    When the event starts, all participants are transported into a labyrinth of
    rooms made of impenetrable walls but connected by doors or even void jump
    gates.
    The goal is to find an escape beacon, which is a light green '>'.
    Everyone who steps on an escape beacon and presses the '>' key will be
    teleported to Bree and has thereby successfully escaped the maze and
    qualified as a winner.

    It does not matter who the first or last is to leave, everyone who manages
    to get out, wins, and gets a parchment for reward that can be turned in at
    the mayor's office.
    After about 5 minutes, the dungeon floor however will crackle, and be
    flooded more and more with lava. Time is running out. Now the players who
    haven't escaped yet should hurry, before the maze is completely submerged
    in lava.
    However, it seems the former keeper of this abandoned maze left behind a
    horrible guardian, the Horned Reaper. It can sense your presence and if it
    manages to catch you, there is no hope of survival.

    Players who do not manage to escape, but die, still get a small reward. It
    is again a parchment that can be turned in at the mayor's office. The next
    character a player logs on with after losing in the event will receive it.

    Winner parchments can be turned in for either an item or a temporary luck
    buff (about 30 minutes duration). The item will depend on how you have
    spent your skill points, so make sure to distribute some skill points first
    before turning in a parchment for an item reward.
    The winner parchments can also be given to other characters, but those will
    only be able to exchange them for a luck buff, not for an item-

    Loser parchments are not tradable and can only be turned in for a small
    temporary luck buff (about 30 minutes duration).
    For details about luck see LUCK flag in (5.8).

    Hints: The Horned Reaper in this maze bashes doors instead of opening them.
    If you stand still for a turn, you can 'jump' over one adjacent floor grid
    as quickly as you can double-tap a movement key (or make a macro for that).
    Players usually do not start next to rooms that have escape beacons.


Miscellaneous challenges
------------------------
There are certain other challenges that neither really count as quests nor as
events:

Ironman Deep Dive Challenge (IDDC)
    There is exactly one designated huge ironman dungeon (or tower) on each
    server, normal one and ironman server, which is 127 levels in size and does
    not allow recalling in between, except for two 'dungeon towns' which will
    always occur at dungeon level 40 and 80 respectively. If you recall at such
    a town it calls as withdrawing from the challenge and you won't make it on
    the leaderboard that can be viewed at the mayor's office in Bree.
    (Note that 'IDDC-exclusive' characters can NOT recall out at static towns.
    If they try, they are just 'killed by indetermnation' and erased.)
    Monsters cannot spawn in the wilderness sector of the dungeon, so you can
    just idle at the entrance, waiting for team mates.

    Players in the IDDC receive a 20% experience gain bonus in addition to the
    usual 15% experience bonus all ironman dungeons provide, so overall you
    gain +35% more experience in IDDC than in a normal, generic dungeon.
    You could decide to 'abuse' IDDC to level up your character, and then leave
    the dungeon when you reach -2000 ft. This might be especially interesting
    for mimicry users (see further below).
    On average the experience gained in IDDC is high enough, that even a
    character of a highly penalized race/class combination can still obtain at
    least level 46 before he reaches Nargothrond at -4000 ft, even if he skips
    all floors that give a "terrifying" feeling - if he clears out all other
    floors completely. This number is an average and may therefore vary.

    Since you cannot recall out aside from these two towns, except if you reach
    the 127th floor of the dungeon, it is extremely likely that you will die
    before making it through all those floors. So this dungeon serves as a
    challenge of how far you can make it before death!
    The level reached will be recorded in the mayor's office in Bree ('n' key
    inside the office, to view the records).

    To provide some more support, this dungeon will have additional 'dungeon
    town levels' occur at random. It is NOT possible to generate a random
    dungeon town by logging out and back in later after the level has been
    reset. Monsters cannot spawn in dungeon towns.
    In each 1000ft interval (-450..+500) around the peak points of 1k,2k,3k,4k
    there can be only one (random) town at a time.
    Random towns cannot spawn before dungeon level 18 and not after dungeon
    level 99. They remain static for only 5 minutes after logging out or dying.
    All other floors will remain static for at most 10 minutes.

    Also, starting at dungeon level 8, a hidden library may appear randomly
    (that's a book store with a red '9' for entrance), allowing you to purchase
    magic spells you might be missing.

    Inside the challenge dungeon you can acquire a kill quest via /quest
    command at level 1 already, instead of the usual minimum level of 5.
    On average, quests in here require less monsters to be slain yet provide
    slightly boosted item quality.

    The IDDC is randomly using themes of all the other dungeons, the selection
    is randomly rerolled every 24 hours. The final floor of each theme might
    spawn the according dungeon boss if you are lucky. The chance for a boss to
    spawn is even somewhat higher than in normal dungeons.
    Further, you will receive an feeling "You feel a commanding presence.."
    that indicates a dungeon boss spawn. Like yellow feeling messages, this too
    requires you to have stayed on the previous floor for about 2 minutes
    (until your depth indicator turns light blue).

    Mimicry users gain +9 extra kill credit on each kill, effectively
    learning forms TEN TIMES as fast. (However, if that character decides to
    withdraw from the challenge at a static town, it loses 2/3 of those extra
    kill credits again, still not a bad deal.)

    After the first fixed town at -2000 ft, Menegroth, all further floors you
    enter will give you a progressively increasing (with floor depth) luck
    bonus, making it more and more likely to obtain better items.

    Everlasting and non-everlasting characters can team up and trade items
    while they are inside the ironman deep dive dungeon.
    Level requirements on items are not in effect while inside the ironman deep
    dive challenge either.

    If the party leader dies inside the IDDC, the party isn't disbanded but
    ownership of the party is transferred to another party member. (Same as on
    Ironman server.)

    In case you need to go offline you'll just have to log out inside the
    dungeon. Keep in mind that your character will stay in the game for about
    30 more seconds during which it could be killed if in an unsafe place.
    Dungeon towns in general are free of any monster spawns.

    If you log out in the IDDC and log back on before the level has changed,
    you can continue business as usual. However, if you log off and wait until
    the level has reset, then the level will be "stale" for you, the next time
    you log on, which will prevent you from getting any experience, items or
    gold until you move on by taking a staircase to the next floor.
    Monsters cannot spawn 'live' in the IDDC, but only at the time of creation
    of each dungeon floor. Summon staves cannot be recharged in the IDDC and
    polymorphing magic does not work.

    NOTE: The Deep Dive dungeon requires your character to have zero experience
    points in order to be eligible to enter.
    To fulfil that requirement you may not collect more than 300 Au (gold
    pieces) or pick up any items or money of other players. Also, if you eat a
    ration of food and you are unlucky enough that it's gone bad you will get
    1 xp for that.
    Use the /ex command to see how much more gold you may pick up.
    If you make a 'slot-exclusive' IDDC character, it will start out with 300
    extra gold, and in turn automatically be unable to pick up any more gold or
    items of other players, and it won't get experience from eating bad food
    either.

    NOTE: If you use stolen enchant scrolls on an item while you are in a town,
    then the item will get a 100% off discount. If you want to use stolen
    scrolls to enchant your items and keep the items sellable, then you have
    to take the staircase to leave the town, and read the scrolls in an actual
    dungeon level instead.


Seasonal events
---------------
At certain times of the year, some seasonal events will occur for a couple of
days each. The exact time of the day when they start can vary depending on your
time zone, even a date difference of +/-1 day is possible for that reason:

Halloween
    Running from 30th October to the end of 1st November.
    The server will recall all players (20 minutes ahead warning will be
    displayed) and restart. After that, Halloween is live and costumes can be
    found and stored costumes can be worn again.
    Townspeople will actually give experience (!) but also have a fear-causing
    'touch' attack. They can't really harm you, though.
    Randomly, the Great Pumpkin will appear on dungeon levels, either with low
    or medium or high amount of hit points, depending on the location.
    The event is aiming at intermediate-level characters. The pumpkin always
    spawns shallower than dungeon level 40. Players who are too high level
    (above 35 on main, above 40 on Ironman) will not be able to hunt him, for
    the others he will still be tough and might require teamwork.
    The Great Pumpkin does not cause any damage but still has a few annoying
    spells at its disposal. It is level 127 and therefore can drop any item in
    the game, and usually drops very good. Please share fairly. ;)
    When a player defeats the Great Pumpkin, everyone will get a message about
    it. The Great Pumpkin will start randomly respawning again some time later.
    Also it will stay night on the world's surface until Halloween ends.

Christmas
    Running from 24th December to 25th December.
    The server will recall all players (20 minutes ahead warning will be
    displayed) and restart, after which the event is live.
    During christmas, costumes can be worn again and you might even find Santa
    Claus costumes. Also, Santa Claus will spawn in town and drops great stuff
    when you uh.. kill him. :)

New year's eve
    Running from 31st December to 1st January.
    Fireworks will be launched into the sky of the town of Bree.



(4.14) In-game time system
--------------------------
Two time systems are relevant for the players' game experience:
-real time (you can check the server's time with /time command by the way)
-in-game 'turns'

Events for example are usually measured in real-time, ie /evinfo command will
return information that mentions minutes and seconds. This is, because event
information is 'out-of-game' information that is supposed to inform the player,
not the character played.

Most other things in-game are measured by the passing of 'game turns'.

Before explaining more about them, I'd like to interject that there is a second
meaning to the term 'turns' in the game, which is used to describe frames of
the game engine, usually running at 60 fps internally. Instead of just calling
those internal processing steps 'frames' as would be precise, unfortunately
they are also called 'turns'. But those 'frame-turns' aren't what we'll be
talking about here, since they don't matter to the players at all.
The only place players will ever come in contact with frame-turns unfortunately
is the high score board, which should probably really be changed to either
'in-game' turns or just to real days/hours/minutes, which make more sense.

So, how do game turns work?
They measure the time experienced by characters and monsters.
For example if you are poisoned then you will see your hit points ticking down.
This is done once each turn, so it will allow you to observe how long a turn
actually lasts in real time.
Same for lamp fuel: It runs out by -1 each turn.
The speed of characters and monsters also depends on game turns:
A creature moving at +0 speed can move once per game turn, while creatures at
higher speed may move several times per game turn, and of lower speed only once
in several game turns, depending on the exact speed.

Note that +SPEED is actually not linear in in-game time! To find out how often
your character can really move per game turn, use the /ex command. You will
find that increasing your speed more and more will yield somewhat diminishing
returns on the amount of actions your character can actually perform per turn.

An special thing about game turns is that their passing depends on the dungeon
level your character is on!
A turn in Bree, ie on the world surface, will last like about 1/2..2/3 seconds.
(You can for example observe the passing of turns if you watch your light
source losing fuel and hit CTRL+R to refresh the display and thereby take
measure points).
In the dungeon however, the time will pass slower. The deeper you are, the
slower game turns will pass in real-time. For example if you enter Mordor, you
might feel as if your character only moves at half his usual speed. This is
because each in-game turn is slowed down quite much on dungeon level 34, which
corresponds to the floor at Mordor -50 ft.
The reason for this is that higher level monsters usually move faster than
lower level monsters. This would make the game more and more dangerous to play,
since your reaction times would need to be *very* short. Actually much shorter
than is feasible.
To counter that, the whole time itself is just slowed down on deeper levels, to
allow you to react more easily.

Day/night change:
In the game there is day and night. Vampires burn if they move around in day
light without either a protective wrapping or an item that provides resistance
to light.
Wanderers in the wilderness in turn would rather prefer day light in order to
locate the entrance to that dungeon they are looking for.

The in-game day time can be checked with /ex chat command too.
Usually a whole day (day + night, ie full 24h in-game time cycle) will last for
slightly more than one hour real time.
The sun will usually rise at around 6am, while night falls at around 7pm. Again
use the /ex command to see the in-game time for your character.
Quests (see (4.13)) usually have a time limit of two full in-game days, so you
will have about 2.5 h to fulfil them.



(5) Item and monster details
============================

(5.1) Melee weapons, brands
---------------------------
One of TomeNET's features is the "auto-retaliator". This means, if an enemy
enters a field that is adjacent to you, you will automatically attack the foe
with your equipped melee weapon. This is helpful against lags as well as for
preventing RSI ;) - for details about auto-retaliation please see (4.1a).

Melee weapons have at least three stats, it's 'damage dice', 'to-hit' and
'to-damage'. 'To-hit' helps you actually not miss an enemy, 'to-dam' increases
the damage. The 'damage dice' shows how many dice are added to calculate the
random damage you inflict on an enemy as you hit!

Example:  Broad Sword (2d5) (+3,+4)
This means, your chance to hit is a bit increased (+3) and you will inflict
a damage of: 2 dice with 5 sides each, to the result +4 is added.
So the damage you inflict will randomly vary from 6 (1+1+4) up to 14 (5+5+4)
meaning that you do an average damage of 10 per hit with that weapon
([6+14]/2 = 10).

A very important thing about melee weapons is that, depending on your strength
and dexterity as well as the weight of your melee weapon, you might be able to
deliver more than just one blow per round with it!
For example a warrior might be able to swing his "Broad Sword (2d5) (+0,+0)"
one time per round, delivering 2*(1..5) damage. The 'd' means dice, so it's
like throwing 2 dice with 5 sides each and adding their values to estimate the
damage you inflicted on the victim. Now if that warrior equips a light whip
which weighs only 3 pounds (the broad sword weighs 15 pounds) he might get 2
or even 3 swings per round! Since a whip does 1d6 damage, he would deal
(assumed he got 2 hits) 2* 1*(1..6) damage, which in total is more damage per
round than he would deliver using the broad sword! Let's compare what happens
if the warrior magically enchants the damage of both weapons, using "Scrolls
of Enchant Weapon To-Dam" (these scrolls can be bought in shop '5').
One of these scrolls can enchant a weapon so one extra point is added to the
damage dice after they have been added. If we manage to enchant the damage of
the broad sword 9 times, the weapon will look like this:
"Broad Sword (2d5) (+0,+9)"
That means after 2 dice with 5 sides each have been added up, there will be
further 9 points of damage added to the result!

Broad Sword 2d5 (+0,+9) 1 blow per round  -->  1* [ 2*(1..5) + 9 ] damage
  -->  2*((1+5)/2) + 9 average damage which is 15 per round.

Whip 1d6 (+0,+9) 2 blows per round  -->  2* [ 1*(1..6) + 9 ] damage
  -->  2* [ 1*(3,5) +9 ]  -->  2*12,5 = 25 damage per round!
       Far more than with the broad sword.

As you can see, the additional damage caused by enchantment will
be added to the dice result.

If you manage to get your hands on an item that imbues your melee weapon with
an elemental brand (like a Ring Of Ice for example), the dice of your weapon
will be multiplied by 2 if the target doesn't resist that brand.
See (5.3) to get an easy overview.

Characters using weapons have a limited number of melee attacks per round,
depending on the character class . A table showing the blows/round limits
is at section (6.5).

There are four different classes of melee weapons,
swords/daggers, blunt weapons, axes, polearms. (Also see (5.1a) below!)
You may examine a weapon by pressing 'I' to see its base class.
Those again are divided into four sub-classes each:
Single-handed, forced two-handed, should-be-wielded-two-handed,
may-be-wielded-two-handed. If you examine ('I') a weapon, it will tell you if
it belongs to one of the latter three sub-classes:
"It must be wielded two-handed" (MUST2H)
"It should be wielded two-handed" (SHOULD2H)
"It may be wielded two-handed" (COULD2H)

While smaller melee weapons require only 1 hand to use them, some larger
weapons need 2 hands. Using a shield together with those is not possible.
Some larger weapons that should be used two-handed can also be used
single-handed, but you will receive penalties to to-hit and to-dam bonus if
you use it that way. Look at your character screen ('C') to compare the
to-hit/to-dam boni and see if it's worth it. You'll see a warning message
"You find it hard to fight with your weapon and shield.".

Medium weapons which 'may' be used two-handed won't give malus if used
single-handed, but you might get more blows per round if you wield them with
both hands! Again check your character screen ('C') to spot any difference.
You'll see "Without shield, your weapon feels especially easy to swing.".
Depending on weapon weight, your strength and your dexterity, sometimes you
get more blows/round from it, sometimes you don't.

If you try to wield a weapon that is too heavy for your character, meaning
your 'STRength' stat isn't high enough yet, you'll get a warning message:
"You have trouble wielding such a heavy weapon".
This means you won't get any benefits from your 'Weaponmastery' skill, nor
any extra blows per round at all, instead you'll be stuck with 1 blow/round.
Also, you'll be more prone to disarming attacks.

Similar is possible for shields. If you try to use a shield which is too heavy
for you, you'll get another warning message:
"You have trouble wielding such a heavy shield".
That means you will hardly be able to deflect anything, and also you'll get
less Armour Class increase from it than it usually provides. Even if your
shield has magical reflection ability, you won't be able to utilize it.

Your character might have a chance to parry attacks with his weapon and block
attacks with his shield, provided he uses one.
For more details about class-specific ability to utilize weapons and
shields for parrying and blocking, see (6.5), for more details about parrying
and blocking in general see (6.11).
In general, the bigger a weapon the more you may parry, while the bigger a
shield the more you will block!
Last but not least, training "Weaponmastery" skill will also increase your
parry chance a good deal.


(5.1a) Melee weapon types
-------------------------
As mentioned previously, there are four weapon classes:
Swords, axes, blunt weapons (whips, hammers, morning stars etc.), polearms.

You may wonder which one to choose and why. In general, if your character is
especially skilled at one of the four masteries you might want to pick that one
to save skill points.

Also, priests cannot use edged weapons that aren't 'blessed' (a special magical
property, ie ego-power), so if the player wants to make a melee-oriented priest,
he will usually pick blunt weapons (or 'martial arts' instead, for weaponless
combat, making more for a monk-style character).

However, if you have a choice or don't care about a few skill points more, you
may want to consider the following table to help you make a decision:


Type        1h/1.5+2h abundance   2h top damage/weight
------------------------------------------------------
Swords      very high / medium    medium / medium
Axes        medium / medium       high / heavy
Blunt       medium / high         high / very heavy
Polearms    low / high            high / medium


For example if you stick with dual-wielding two weapons, you might want to go
with swords and definitely not with polearms, since there are a lot of 1h
swords, and very few 1h polearms.

In-game you can press 'I' (or 'x' if inside a store) to examine an item.
Even if you haven't *identified* it, it will still tell you the weapon class
the item belongs to, if it is a weapon.



(5.2) Ranged Weapons, brands
----------------------------
Ranged weapons are not to be underestimated, they can be very powerful.
Especially characters with low Hit Points will love them since approaching
hordes can be killed at a distance or at least driven back, so they won't come
close and hit the player with devastating blows. It is recommended that you
equip a ranged weapon as soon as possible, and enchant its 'to-damage' to at
least +7 !

Ranged weapons have to-hit and to-dam like melee weapons, but instead of
dice they have a 'multiplier'.

Example:  Ranged weapon is:  Long Bow (x3) (+0,+5)
          Ammunition is:     65 Arrows (1d4) (+0,+2)
If you shoot an arrow, it will inflict
( 1d4 +2 +5 ) * 3 damage on the victim. The dice of the arrow varies from 1
up to 4, so we can do a damage of 24 up to 33, so the average damage is 28,5.
We can see here that ranged weapons can do a lot of damage :)

Ranged weapons will be placed in equipment slot 'c)'. After you equipped one,
you need to also equip ammunition that will be used. For example if you use a
long bow, you need to fill your quiver with some arrows. (w)ield the arrows,
and they will be placed into equipment slot 'm)', the ammo slot.
A macro that shoots at the target closest to you, looks like this:  *tf-
Explanation in case you really want to know: * means entering targetting mode
and choosing nearest target, t means exiting target mode and remember currently
selected target, f means fire, - means to aim at previously acquired target if
it's valid and otherwise to cancel the action.
To automatically pick up your arrows simply inscribe them:  !=
To inscribe an item press '{' key, to remove an inscription press '}'.
Ranged weapons can also auto-retaliate, that means you will fire automatically
at targets on sight. See (4.1a) for details about auto-retaliation.
However, auto-retaliating with a ranged weapon works only if the enemy stands
on an adjacent field, so use 'fire-till-kill' mode in general!

The dice of ammunition are also effected by brands and slays same as normal 
weapons but the additional damage is reduced to 2/5.
Example: Ring of Acid will usually add 1x your melee base damage (weapon dice).
For ranged weapons it will add 1*2/5x of your base damage (arrow dice), so
multiply the average arrow dice result by 1.4 instead of by 2 to get your total
damage output. See (5.3) to get an easy overview.

If you try to wield a ranged weapon that is too heavy for your character,
meaning your 'STRength' stat isn't high enough yet, you'll get a warning
message:
"You have trouble wielding such a heavy bow".
That means you'll get neither any benefits from your 'Archery' skill nor from
any particular ranged mastery (extra shots!) at all when using that weapon.

Note: +damage bonus from other items besides the ranged weapon itself or the
ammunition it uses will not be added to ranged attacks, while +hit bonus will.
This means for example that 'a Ring of Slaying (+10,+12)' will add +10 to both
your melee hit chance and your ranged hit chance, but the +12 damage will only
be added to your melee damage, not your ranged.

Also see 'Armour weight (concerning ranged weapons)' further below in (5.5)
for details about how wearing armour affects your ranged weapon accuracy.


(5.2a)  Fire-till-kill mode
----------------------------
Accessible via 'm' key, you can switch 'fire-till-kill' mode on or off.
While enabled, your character will keep firing a ranged weapon (ie a weapon in
your 'shooter' equipment slot) once you initiated the first shot until the
target either dies or direct firing at it becomes impossible/obstructed for any
reason.
The main use besides making ranged weapon usage more relaxed is that you are
able to single out enemies you want to kill of big monster packs such as
escorts.

Fire-till-kill mode also works with spells and runes, same as with ranged
weapons, except it may stop under additional conditions such as having no more
mana or other effects that render you 100% unable to cast spells.
While it will also stop if your spell requires a clear line of sight and would
(while travelling to the target) hit other monsters on the way, some spells
which don't travel to their destination but arrive instantly (most notably ball
spells and mindcrafter spells) will not be affected by monsters crossing your
line of sight.

To manually stop fire-till-kill without moving or performing any other action,
just press the SPACE key. Note that SPACE also stops all other kinds of
repeatable actions such as searching or tunnelling.

Fire-till-kill does not work with any other type of attacks besides those
mentioned above.



(5.3) Slaying vs brands
-----------------------
If you use a weapon that slays trolls, that means its dice will be doubled if
you hit a troll ('T'). If you have an item that gives fire brand, the dice
would also be doubled by the brand. Slaying and brands are not cumulative.
That means you will get a total dice multiplier of 2 here.
Brands don't stack. The best one is taken. So if you wear a ring of fire and
your weapon does cold damage the dice will be multiplied by 2 if the target
doesn't resist both heat and cold. If the target is susceptible to one of
those the dice are multiplied by 4. Same goes for SLAY flags.

Combat Type | Dice multiplier for brands (fire/cold/acid/lightning/poison)
            | Monster..
            | ..is immune   | ..resists | ..doesn't resist  | ..is susceptible
------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------
Melee Weapon|       1             2               2                   4
Ranged Weap.|       1             1.4             1.4                 2.2
Martial Arts|       1             1.33            1.33                2

Slaying     | Dice multiplier | Description
------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------
Slay Animal |       2         | It is esp. deadly against natural creatures.
Slay Giant  |       2         | It is especially deadly against giants.
Slay Undead |       2         | It strikes at undead with holy wrath.
Slay Troll  |       2         | It is especially deadly against trolls.
Slay Orc    |       2         | It is especially deadly against orcs.
Slay Dragon |       2         | It is especially deadly against dragons.
Slay Demon  |       2         | It strikes at undead with holy wrath.
Slay Evil   |       2         | It fights against evil with holy fury.
Kill Undead |       3         | It is a great bane of undead.
Kill Dragon |       3         | It is a great bane of dragons.
Kill Demon  |       3         | It is a great bane of demons.

Same as in the 'brands' table, x2 will become x1.4 for ranged weapons and
x1.33 for martial arts, while x3 will become x1.8 and x1.67 respectively.

Giants, Undead, Trolls, Orcs, Dragons, Demons are all 'Evil'.

If several multipliers match the highest one will be used.



(5.4) Martial Arts, brands
--------------------------
The "auto-retaliator" (see 4.1a) also works if you fight bare-handed.

Training Martial Arts will give you..
-a bonus to-hit and to-dam.
-special combat moves which your character will use automatically.
 These moves do a lot of extra damage and often additionally stun or slow
 your opponent.
-special abilities and resistances (like Free Action, see (6.2) for details).
-extra speed and stealth bonus.
-extra AC bonus for each part of armour that is NOT worn.
 Increasing your martial arts skill lets you wear light and even medium armour
 and still benefit from its AC.
-a chance to grab your enemies to prevent them from casting or teleporting.
 (This chance adds to your interception skill.)

However, to use the full potential of martial arts you will need to take care
of several points..
-a very light backpack will give martial artists a small additional speed and
 stealth bonus. (No warning message here.)
-a very heavy backpack will nullify the abilities and resistances,
 as well as the speed and stealth bonus! You will see a red warning message,
 telling you about weight encumberment:
 "You can't move freely due to your backpack weight."
-using too heavy armour will cut your number of blows per round to half, and
 nullify your to-hit, to-dam, speed and stealth bonus from MA.
-using a melee or ranged weapon or carrying a very heavy backpack will nullify
 the AC bonus from martial arts, and greatly reduce your number of blows per
 round.
-using a melee or ranged weapon or a shield will nullify the special combat
 styles, reducing your damage.
-using a melee or ranged weapon or a shield or wearing too heavy armour will
 reduce additional interception bonus gained from Martial Arts skill to zero.
-using a heavy shield, melee or ranged weapon will nullify your speed and
 stealth bonus.

The backpack weight limit includes the weight of your equipment and is
depending on your strength and martial arts skill. It is
10.0 lb + (str_wgt * 2.0 lb) + ((str_wgt + 5) * rounddown(skill * 0.1 lb)).

Here's a table to tell you the values for str_wgt:
(Warning message is: "You can't move freely due to your backpack weight.")

        str_wgt     STRength of             str_wgt     STRength of
                    the character                       the character
        -------------------------           -------------------------
        5           3                       16          14
        6           4                       17          15
        7           5                       18          16
        8           6                       19          17
        9           7                       20          18/00-18/09
        10          8                       22          18/10-18/19
        11          9                       24          18/20-18/29
        12          10                      26          18/30-18/39
        13          11                      28          18/40-18/49
        14          12                      30          18/50-18/220+
        15          13

The armour weight limit is 5.0 lb + Martial Arts skill level * 0.42 lb.
So for MA 50 it is 5.0 + 21.0 = 26.0 lb.
If your armour becomes too heavy, you will see this warning message:
"Your armour weight strains your martial arts performance."


Here's a table, for those who prefer this view:

Equipment/inventory  | +hit/dam  abilities  styles  spd/stl  +AC  grab  blows
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Light backpack       |                                 +
Heavy backpack       |               0                 0      0           0
Heavy armour         |     0                           0           0     50%
Any melee weapon     |                        0               0    0      0
Any ranged weapon    |                        0               0    0      0
Any shield           |                        0                    0
Heavy shield/weapons |                                 0


Martial Arts special combat moves have certain dice, similar to normal
weapons. These dice are also effected by brands and slays same as normal 
weapons but the additional damage is reduced to 1/3.
Example: Ring of Acid will usually add 1x your base damage.
For MA it will add 1/3 of your base damage, so multiply your base damage
by 1.33 instead of by 2 to get your total damage output.
See (5.3) to get an easy overview.

You cannot use special moves while stunned or confused.

Here is a list of Martial Arts special moves:
A move is picked randomly, then used if random(1..MA_Skill)>chance.
If the chance fails, another move is picked.
There are MA_Skill / 7 tries to find a move, otherwise you will hit
without a special move. There is always at least 1 try to pick a
move.

Move             |   Min.level   |   Chance  |   Damage dice |   Effects
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Punch                    1               0          1d4             -
Kick                     2               0          1d6             -
Strike                   3               0          1d7             -
Knee                     5               5          2d3         Stunning &
                                                               increase chance
                                                                to stun again
Elbow                    7               5          1d8             -
Butt                     9              10          2d5             -
Kick                    11              10          2d5         Slowing (PvM)
Uppercut                13              12          4d3         Stunning
Double-kick             16              15          4d4             -
Cat's Claw              20              20          6d3             -
Jump Kick               25              25          3d9         Stunning
Eagle's Claw            29              25          7d4             -
Circle Kick             33              30          4d9             -
Iron Fist               37              35          6d6         Stunning
Flying Kick             41              35          5d8             -
Dragon Fist             45              35          6d8         Stunning
Crushing Blow           48              35          8d7         Stunning
For winners, ie kings/queens only:
Titan's Fist            48              50          8d5         Stunning
Phoenix Claw            48              50          5d9         Slowing (PvM)


Depending on your MA skill, you have a fixed number of barehanded attacks
per round, independent of your character class, your strength or your
dexterity (unlike characters that use weapons):
(The attack number can be increased further by items like rings of extra
attacks or by magical influence like priest prayer 'Zeal'.)
Note that EA effects (like EA ring or Zeal prayer) won't work on characters
who fight barehanded without having Martial Arts skill at 01.000 or higher!

Martial Arts skill level        Attacks per round
-------------------------------------------------
             1                          2
            10                          3
            20                          4
            30                          5
            40                          6
            45                          7
            50                          8


Martial Arts users have a higher risk of being infected with Black Breath
from high undead monsters than weapon-users.
Also, they have a high risk of being badly cut if a monster uses a disarming
attack against them.



(5.5) Weight of weapons and armour
----------------------------------
Weight of items in your inventory or equipment can have great effect on
martial artists. If you use martial arts, also see (5.4) for more information.

Even if you're not using martial arts, there are certain types of encumberment
which may affect your character:


Weapon weight
-------------
If your melee weapon or ranged weapon is too heavy you will hardly be able
to use it, resulting in reduced attack number per round and less damage.
You will get the message "You have trouble wielding such a heavy weapon/bow"
and probably your blows will drop to 1 and tohit/todam go near to zero.
A weapon is too heavy for you if its weight is greater than the so-called
str_hold value. Below is a table with the str_hold values, depending on a
character's strength:

        str_hold    STRength of             str_hold    STRength of
                    the character                       the character
        -------------------------           -------------------------
        4           3                       45          18/40-18/49
        5           4                       50          18/50-18/59
        6           5                       55          18/60-18/69
        7           6                       60          18/70-18/79
        8           7                       65          18/80-18/89
        10          8                       70          18/90-18/99
        12          9                       80          18/100-18/109
        14          10                      80          18/110-18/119
        16          11                      80          18/120-18/129
        18          12                      80          18/130-18/139
        20          13                      80          18/140-18/149
        22          14                      90          18/150-18/159
        24          15                      90          18/160-18/169
        26          16                      90          18/170-18/179
        28          17                      90          18/180-18/189
        30          18/00-18/09             90          18/190-18/199
        30          18/10-18/19             100         18/200-18/209
        35          18/20-18/29             100         18/210-18/219
        40          18/30-18/39             100         18/220+


Armour weight (concerning magic)
--------------------------------
Wearing armour which is too bulky gives you this message:
"The weight of your armour strains your spellcasting."
That means your mana will be (severely) reduced from the bulkiness of your
armour. To counter this effect, train your 'Combat' skill.
To cast freely, you may wear 15.0 to 30.0 lb of armour (depending on your
class and hence the type of magic you utilize) plus your combat skill (in
0.3 lb). Here is a table illustrating the values:

Adventurer    21.0 lb
Warrior       -
Istar         15.0 lb
Priest        25.0 lb
Rogue         20.0 lb
Mimic         28.0 lb
Archer        -
Paladin       30.0 lb
Ranger        22.0 lb
Druid         20.0 lb
Shaman        17.0 lb
Runemaster    23.0 lb
Mindcrafter   26.0 lb (and will get penalty for head gear heavier than 4.0 lb)

So 50 points in 'Combat' would allow a paladin to wear 30.0 + 15.0 =
45.0 lb of armour parts without receiving mana penalty from being encumbered.
In general, praying is the easiest-to-use form of magic, and weaving spells
the most difficult one.
Your total armour weight is the sum of the weight of any armour pieces worn
on head (helmet), body, hands, feet, and your cloak. Note that the weight of
a possibly equipped shield does not matter here (experimental).


Armour weight (concerning combat)
---------------------------------
Wearing armour which is too heavy for you will reduce your to-hit bonus and
speed bonus from 'Sneakiness' skill.
You will receieve a warning message, telling you:
"The weight of your armour encumbers your movement."
To move freely, you may wear 10.0 lb of armoury plus a strength-factor plus
6 * your combat skill. Strength factor is 0.6 * str_hold (see table above to
find your str_hold). So the top weight limit is

10.0 + 0.6 * 50 (combat) + 0.6 * 100 (str_hold) = 100.0 lb.


Some special abilities depend on armour weight too. Those are..
-dodge chance from 'Dodging' skill.
-critical hit bonus from 'Critical-strike' skill.
-extra parry bonus from dual-wielding two weapons. (Also see (6.11).)
-extra blow/round bonus from dual-wielding two weapons.
-area searching for the 'Rogue' class (exclusive ability).
-cloaking mode for the 'Rogue' class (exclusive ability).

If the armour becomes too heavy to perform those, a message will appear:
"The weight of your armour strains your flexibility and awareness."

This 'rogueish weight limit' (the skills are mostly used by rogues) is:
20.0 + (Combat skill * 6 / 50) lb, ie max 26.0 lb.

IMPORTANT: If you get the above flexibility warning message, that means your
           secondary weapon is NOT APPLIED AT ALL!
           So you won't receive any boni/resistances/whatever from it, it's
           basically as if you don't have it equipped at all.


Armour weight (concerning ranged weapons)
-----------------------------------------
If you wear a shield on your arm, no matter its weight and your strength, your
hit chance with ranged weapons will be reduced by this encumberment. You will
get an orange message saying
"You find it hard to aim while carrying your shield."
and a yellow '}' icon will appear in the encumberment bar.

Also, the greater your total equipped armour weight is, the more your ranged
to-hit bonus is reduced. This is a fluent, continuous process, and therefore
it's not considered an 'encumberment' per se, ie you won't see any icons in
the encumberment bar about this.


Glove encumberment (concerning magic)
-------------------------------------
Wearing gloves as a sorceror may reduce your maximum mana points if they are
not magically enchanted, such as:
Providing 'Free Action' / increasing your mana / increasing your dexterity.
You will receive a warning message, saying:
"Your covered hands feel unsuitable for spellcasting."


Also see (3.2) at the end of the chapter, for information about the
'Encumberment status line'.


Very heavy armour and/or heavy items in your inventory may also slow you down
(slightly reduce your moving speed) if your STRength isn't very great.



(5.6) Resistances & caps, Immunities, Susceptibilities
------------------------------------------------------

Resistances & caps
------------------
Several monsters or traps can cause elemental attacks on you. These attacks
can deliver very high damage if you do not 'resist' the specific attack type.
Those 'resistances' become very important in deeper dungeons where many
monsters are able to breathe on you with devastating power.

Permanent resistances (for example if you wear a ring and an armor that both
give fire resistance) will not stack. So one item is suffient for each
resistance. There is no difference if it's a helmet or an armour.
However, a temporary resistance (by potion or spell) and a permanent
resistance can stack (NOTE: This only applies to base and poison resistance,
base ones being fire, cold, electricity and acid).
That means if you quaff a 'potion of resist heat' (temporary resistance) and
wear an armour of fire resistance (permanent resistance) fire attacks will do
only 1/3 * 1/3 = 1/9 of the original damage.
This is known as 'double resistance'.
For more information on resistance/ability stacking see (5.17).

For all attacks the following way of how the final damage is calculated
applies:
If a monster breathes, that attack often has a damage potential of 1/3 of
the monster's hit points.
This 'raw' damage will now be capped at a maximum value that varies for the
different types of attacks.
If you 'resist' that attack, the damage will be cut to further 1/3 (this
value varies for the different types of attacks).

Example:
An Ancient Red Dragon breathes fire.
It has 1500 HP. The fire breath would do approx. 500 damage.
The damage cap for fire attacks is 1200. So the value of 500 remains.
Let's assume that your character resists fire. The damage will be cut down
to 1/3 now, leaving 170 damage.
Example 2:
A Great Hell Wyrm :) breathes fire.
It has 5000 HP. The fire breath would do approx. 1700 damage.
Since 1700 is greater than the cap (1200) it becomes 1200.
Let's assume your character resists fire. The damage will be cut down to 1/3,
leaving approx. 400 damage.


Overview:
Breath damage is capped, the number is given in the corresponding description.
Bolts and balls are only capped by the general magic damage cap of 1600.
Their damage maximum depends on the level of the casting monster as the
formulas show. The total maximum damage a magical attack can do in TomeNET,
assumed that the target is NOT susceptible, is 1600. This is the general
damage cap for all magical attacks (breath/bolt/ball/cloud/beam/wall/..).
Keep in mind that susceptibility may still double that damage though!


There are four so-called 'basic resistances'. These are
-------------------------------------------------------
Fire/Heat               These attacks can burn items in your inventory.
                        They can also damage your equipment.
                        Without resistance it can reduce your strength.
                        Fire bolts do (level/3)+(9d8) damage.
                        Fire balls do (level*7/2)+10 damage.
                        Fire breaths do HP / 3 damage, capping at 1200.
                        Immunity or double resistance protects items in your
                        inventory from getting harmed (5.10), (5.17).
                        Potions of resist heat are a cheap way to attain
                        double-resistance for a short time in order to pass
                        lava streams without your inventory taking damage.
Frost/Cold              These attacks can shatter potions.
                        Without resistance it can reduce your strength.
                        Frost bolts do (level/3)+(6d8) damage.
                        Cold balls do (level*2)+10 damage.
                        Cold breaths do HP / 3 damage, capping at 1200.
                        Immunity or double resistance protects items in your
                        inventory from getting harmed (5.10), (5.17).
Lightning/Electricity   These attacks can destroy rings, damage amulets
                        (reducing their (+X) bonus pval) and discharge magic
                        devices, draining their charges (or energy in case of
                        rods).
                        Without resistance it can reduce your dexterity.
                        Lightning bolts do (level/3)+(4d8) damage.
                        Lightning balls do (level*3/2)+8 damage.
                        Lightning breaths do HP / 3 damage, capping at 1200.
                        Immunity or double resistance protects items in your
                        inventory from getting harmed (5.10), (5.17).
Acid                    These attacks can destroy items in your inventory.
                        They can also damage your equipment.
                        Without resistance it can reduce your charisma.
                        Acid bolts do (level/3)+(7d8) damage.
                        Acid balls do (level*3)+15 damage.
                        Acid breaths do HP / 3 damage, capping at 1200.
                        Immunity or double resistance protects items in your
                        inventory from getting harmed (5.10), (5.17).

Note: Equipment is mostly safe, except that some weapons and shields can take
damage from coming in contact with fire, acid or water, depending on the item
type. Also, armour can be damaged by fire, acid or water, depending on its
material.
Items which ignore an element, resist it, or even provide immunity against it
are unaffected by any attack of that type and won't take damage.
Taking damage means that weapons will lose +dam enchantment, and shields or
armour  will lose +AC enchantment, so you can repair them again by reenchanting
them.
If your character resists a specific element, the chance of any item getting
damaged by it is reduced. Having double resistance will reduce it much further
even.
Note that double resistance will completely prevent any inventory damage from
the elements; this is especially important for characters who carry a lot of
potions that they don't want to get destroyed by cold-based attacks.
If your character is immune to an element (see further down), that  will
completely prevent any sort of damage from that particular element for any item
you carry, wield or wear.
All artifacts are completely immune to any elemental damage.

Breath damage before capping is monster HP/3. Damage of these attacks is capped
at 1200 (always before resistances are applied).
If you resist them, the damage will be cut to 1/3. If you are susceptible to
them, like Ents to fire, you will take twice the damage! This also applies for
aura attacks like hitting someone who wears a cloak of immolation.
To prevent side-effects of the attacks on your inventory from occurring you
will need the according immunity! Resistance is only sufficient to protect
your equipment, not your inventory.
While wands and staves can be destroyed by according elemental attacks, rods
cannot be destroyed but only discharged (see elemental attack list above).

Poison          Poison resistance doesn't belong to the basic resistances but
                to the high resistances, yet is also very essential already
                from the early stages of your character's life on.
                If you resist poison you will not only take just 1/3 of the
                poison damage but also be protected from poisoning effects.
                Breath damage before capping is monster HP/3. Poison breath
                caps at 800.
                Stinking clouds, which are small poison balls, inflict 12d2
                damage.
Unbreath        A special type of poison, castable by mages.
                This one will just deprive the air of all oxygen, thereby also
                damaging poison immune monsters.
                The only monsters immune to this are those that do not require
                to breathe, which means undead, greater demons, angels and
                nonliving constructs.


Make sure that you have the basic resistances as soon as possible, and poison
resistance before going into deeper Mordor. Also, get 'Free Action' before
going as deep as about -1000 ft or deeper since many monsters can paralyze you.


There are also five minor resistances:
--------------------------------------
Fear            While you're afraid you won't be able to attack a target in
                close combat.
Blindness       You cannot read scrolls or books while you're blind.
                Blindness can be caused directly by a blindness attack or by
                indirectly by light or darkness attacks if you don't resist
                those. You still can use magic staves, rods or wands and
                quaff potions. Quaffing a potion of Healing, Curing or
                Cure Critical Wounds will remove the blindness.
Confusion       While confused you cannot move, shoot or fight straight.
                Further, you're unable to read scrolls or books.
                However, you still can use staves, wands and rods.
                Quaffing a potion of Healing, Curing or Cure Serious/Critical
                Wounds will remove the confusion.
                Resisting confusion or chaos will lower damage to 5/7..5/12.
                Breath damage is monster HP/6. Confusion damage caps at 400.
                Confusion resistance is covered by chaos resistance, so if you
                already resist chaos then you don't need any more items that
                give confusion resistance.
Paralysis       Paralysis can be caused by bashing doors, lack of food, by
                traps and by monsters. Against the latter two effects you can
                become immune by equipping a 'Free Action' item. You should
                become immune to paralysis before descending below 1000 ft.
Hold Life       This will provide some protection against experience drain;
                it won't help against experience drain inflicted by items you
                equipped though.


Further, there are several high resistances:
--------------------------------------------
(Poison         was described above, at the end of the basic resistances.)
Water           Water resistance is rare (an *ID*ed item will say
                'it provides resistance to unleashed water').
                Water attacks can stun and confuse you if you don't resist
                them and usually do a lot of damage.
                Resistance will cut damage to 1/3.
                If you're a mimicking an aquatic monster the damage will be
                further cut down to 1/4.
                If you don't wear a 'tarpaulin' items in your inventory might
                be destroyed by the water (if they don't resist water).
                Water bolts do (10d10)+level damage.
                Water balls do 50+(1...[level*5/2]) damage.
                Note: The confusion effect can be prevented by confusion
                resistance, and the stun effect by sound resistance.
Sound           Sound attacks do less damage but can stun you or even knock
                you out so you will die as if you were paralyzed. Free Action
                won't help you then.
                Resistance will cut damage to 5/7..5/12.
                Damage is be reduced by further 50% if bio-feedback is active.
                (Bio-feedback is activated if a Draconian eats a firestone and
                gets the 'adrenaline' message. See (5.9) for firestone
                details.)
                Sound resistance will protect you from stunning effects.
                Breath damage is monster HP/6. Sound breath caps at 400.
Shards          Shard attacks can cause nasty cuts that makes you bleed
                heavily if you don't resist them.
                Resistance will cut damage to 6/7..6/12.
                Damage is be reduced by further 50% if bio-feedback is active.
                (Bio-feedback is activated if a Draconian eats a firestone and
                gets the 'adrenaline' message. See (5.9) for firestone
                details.)
                Shard resistance will protect you from cuts.
                Breath damage is monster HP/6. Shard breath caps at 400.
Nexus           Nexus attacks can have extremely nasty side-effects if you
                don't resist them. Those are
                -Teleport you randomly.
                -Teleport you towards the monster.
                -Teleport you a dungeon level higher or lower.
                -Swap two of your six stats randomly!
                 ("Your body starts to scramble")
                -Destroy items in your inventory.
                 ("Your backpack starts to scramble")
                Resistance will cut damage to 6/7..6/12.
                Breath damage is monster HP/3. Nexus breath caps at 250.
Chaos           Chaos attacks can also have nasty side-effects if you don't
                resist. These are:
                -Confuse you.
                -Let you hallucinate.
                -Drain some experience. Resisting 'Nether' will also prevent
                 this. Having 'Hold Life' will also provide some protection
                 against life draining.
                Resisting chaos will also make you resist confusion attacks.
                Resisting chaos will prevent hallucination from certain mind
                blast attacks.
                Resistance will cut down damage to 6/7..6/12.
                Breath damage is monster HP/6. Chaos breath caps at 600.
                Raw chaos invocation (chaos ball) does (level*4)+(10d10) dam.
Light           Light effects can blind you if you don't resist it.
                Resistance will cut damage to 4/7..4/12.
                If you are mimicking a monster that is susceptible to light
                you will suffer double damage from attacks.
                Breath damage is monster HP/6. Light breath caps at 400.
Darkness        Darkness effects can blind you if you don't resist it.
                Resistance will cut damage to 4/7..4/12.
                Breath damage is monster HP/6. Darkness breath caps at 400.
                Darkness Storms (balls) do (level*5)+(10d10) damage.
Nether          Nether is kind of 'the element of undead' - most higher level
                undead creatures will have a nether attack of some sort.
                Resistance will cut damage to 6/7..6/12 and prevent all life
                draining (experience loss) from nether attacks.
                Breath damage is monster HP/6. Nether breath caps at 550.
                Nether bolts do 30+(5d5)+(level*3/2) damage.
                Nether balls do 50+(level*4)+(10d10) damage.
                If you lack nether resistance, having 'Hold Life' ability can
                at least offers some protection from experience loss.
Disenchantment  This attack does massive damage and can also disenchant your
                equipped items, lowering their to-hit/to-dam/to-ac bonus!
                It can also destroy ethereal ammunition.
                Resistance will cut damage to 6/7..6/12 and prevent
                disenchantment of your equipment.
                Breath damage is monster HP/6, it caps at 500.
                Disenchantment bolts do 25+(4d5)+(level*3/2) damage.
                If disenchantment hits items on the floor, it can even reduce
                their magical (+X) pval bonus.
                Artifacts have a chance to resist disenchantment.


Irresistable/extremely powerful damage types:
---------------------------------------------
Force           Pure force impact (BR_WALL). Raw damage is monster HP/6.
                Force impact (breath only) is capped at 200 and irresistable.
                If you lack sound resistance you will get stunned.
Inertia         Inertia attacks will slow you down a lot. There is no 'Inertia
                resistance' but 'Free Action' will slightly reduce the
                slowdown duration.
                Damage (breath only) is monster HP/6 and caps at 200.
Gravity         These attacks have very annoying side-effects:
                -Teleport you randomly.
                -Slow you down.
                -Stun you if you don't resist sound.
                It's impossible to resist gravitation. However, having
                'Feather Falling' (also known as Levitation) will reduce the
                damage your body takes from the shockwave and cut the damage
                to 6/7..6/12.
                Damage (breath only) is monster HP/3 and caps at 150.
Mana            Mana is pure magical energy. There are only rumours
                about items that provide resistance against it.
                Resisting it will cut damage to 6/7..6/12.
                Breath damage is monster HP/3, breath caps at 250. Only very
                few monsters (mostly uniques) can breathe mana.
                Mana bolts do 50+(1...[level*7/2]) damage.
                Mana storms (balls) do (level*5)+(10d10) damage. Beware!
Time            Time is pure temporary distortion. There are only rumours
                about items that provide resistance against it.
                Time attacks can have very nasty side effects:
                -Drain experience (Hold Life won't help).
                -One of your stats can be lowered (resistance will reduce the
                 amount).
                -Drain all your stats (resistance will prevent this).
                Resistance will cut damage to 6/7..6/12.
                Breath damage is monster HP/3. Time breath caps at 150.
Meteor          This is an irresistable attack of pure impact.
                Sound resistance will prevent stun effect.
Disintegration  This is an irresistable attack of raw destruction.
                Damage (breath only) is monster HP/3, capping at 300.


Combined damage types:
----------------------
Ice             Ice attacks combine shard & sound effects with cold damage.
                Ice damage (bolt only) is (6d6)+monsterlevel.
                Ice damage consists of 60% cold damage and 40% shards damage.
                Missing sound resistance will result in additional stunning.
Plasma          Plasma attacks combine raw force, electricity and immense heat.
                Being immune to both, fire and lightning will cut damage to
                1/9. If that's not the case, two checks are applied for fire
                and for lightning, whose results stack with each other,
                as follows:
                1) Fire check:
                -Fire immunity will cut damage to 1/4.
                -Fire resistance will cut damage to 3/5.
                -Plasma resistance (only mimics that use a plasma-breathing
                form) will cut damage to 3/7..3/12.
                -Fire susceptibility will increase damage by 1/2.
                2) Lightning check:
                -Lightning resistance or immunity will cut damage to 4/5.
                -Lightning susceptibility will increase damage by 1/3.
                Plasma also has stun effect if sound resistance is missing.
                Breath damage is monster HP/6. Plasma breath caps at 150.
                Plasma bolts do 10+level+(8d7) damage.
Radiation/Nuke/ This is a poisonous attack (player suffers pure poison damage)
 Toxic Waste    that may have acidic effect on your inventory (inventory may
                get destroyed as if you were hit by acidic attacks).
                If you resist poison
                - you will just take 2/5 of the damage
                - you will be protected from being poisoned
                - your equipment will be safe from acidic damage.
                Breath damage is monster HP/3 and caps at 800.
                Nuke balls (radiation balls) do (level*3)+(10d6) damage.
Rocket          Rockets combine fire, shard & sound effects and can also damage
                your inventory. Rockets do insane damage if unresisted:
                Rocket damage is monster HP/4, it caps at 800.
                Shard and sound resistance will lower damage by 1/6 each,
                fire resistance will lower damage by 1/5, fire immunity by
                1/4 (overriding fire resistance). These reductions stack (as in
                they are consecutively applied to the damage).
                Shard resistance will prevent cuts, sound resistance will
                prevent getting stunned.
                (Rockets are treated internally like breathing.)
Detonation      Same as rocket.
Inferno         Same as detonation, except it does not destroy walls.


Immunities
----------
Players can become immune to the basic elements and poison by wearing
items (for example dragon scale mails of the corresponding colour) or by
transforming into a monster shape that carries the according immunities
(see (6.7) about mimicry details).
If a player is immune to an element, (s)he won't take any damage from those
attacks nor be affected by any side-effects.
Example: Wearing the unique cape 'Ocean Soul' which as a special feature
provides water immunity makes the player take 0 damage from a water bolt attack
and also protect him from the stun+confuse effect of water bolts.
(It won't protect him from the stun/confuse effect of other types of attacks
though, for example a sound or confusion breath.)


Susceptibilities
----------------
Some monsters are susceptible against certain elements. For example fire
hounds are susceptible against cold attacks.

Physical attacks vs monsters:
Susceptibility of a monster will result in a doubled multiplier for
branded attacks. Example: If the player hits a Cold Hound with a
fiery broad sword (2d6) the Cold Hound will receive 2d6 * 4 damage
instead of 2d6 * 2 (usual brand multiplier for melee weapons).
Also see (5.3) for a table of brand multipliers.

Magical attacks vs monsters:
Susceptibility of a monster will result in double damage for the
according elemental attacks (ie cold ball vs fire hounds).

Magical/monster attacks vs players:
Players can be susceptible against an element too. For example Ents are
susceptible to fire by nature. Resistance or immunity will completely cancel
out the susceptibility, so one of the first things to do as an Ent is to visit
the magic store and buy a ring of fire resistance, or any druid ego monster or
later on arch-vile will give you a pretty hard time.
If a susceptible player without resistance or immunity is hit by the according
elemental damage type, the damage will be doubled!


Branded attacks in PvP
----------------------
Branded physical attacks in pvp are not influenced by susceptibilities.


Melee attacks of monsters
-------------------------
See (5.11) for details about melee attacks and melee damage caps.



(5.7) Qualitative classification of items, identifying & selling items
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Items are classified by
-a basic item type
-a simple magical enchantment (to hit-chance, to damage, to armour class)
-an ego power (some items even have two ego powers at once),
 (some examples: resistances on armours, elemental brands on weapons,
 enhanced brightness on light sources. The item carries the names of its
 ego powers. For example an 'Acidic Long Sword of Gondolin' has been
 blessed with two ego powers: 'Acidic' and 'Gondolin'. For more information
 about ego powers see (7.4) Spoiler Files).
-sometimes you may find an artifact which can have quite a bunch of
 different powers combined! Artifacts can be recognized by them carrying
 a name. Example: The War Maul 'Turmil' or The Whip of Gothmog.
 (See (5.9b) for more information about artifacts.)

If you find an item, it's 'unidentified'. That means you see only the
basic item type.
Example:
A Whip {+,?} (1d6)
The ? indicates that you don't know yet which level is required to wield
this item. You have to identify the item to find out more about it.
(The (1d6) means that this weapon has one 6-sided die rolled to determine
its damage afflicted to your target.)

Assuming you identify it you could get one of the results below:

Example 1:
A Whip {+,1} (1d6) (+0,+3)
This is a magical whip. Magical, because its damage is enchanted to +3.
It doesn't possess any further special abilities.

Example 2:
A Fiery Whip of Gondolin {+,24} (1d6) (+8,+11) (+3)
This is an ego-weapon ('of Gondolin') with a fire brand ('Fiery'). The
base weapon type is a whip which makes it belong to the blunt weapons.
Its to-hit and to-damage are magically enchanted to +8 and +11.
Gondolin weapons increase strength and constitution (here +3).

Ego-items or excellent magical items often have varying abilities.
For example a Gondolin-weapon _can_ have HOLD_LIFE, a high resistance,
or increase your dex. It doesn't _have to_, however. Some Gondolin-Weapons
have different abilities than others. To find out the complete powers of an
item it can be neccessary to *identify* it.
*Identify* (same as *Perception*) reveals the complete ability list.
You can check the complete list of items in stores by pressing 'x' to
'examine an item'. You can review the ability list of an item in your
inventory or equipment using the 'I' key. Using 'I' requires that
you already *identified* the item or bought it from a shop.
Items that are bought from a shop are always automatically *identified*.
Some shops offer an *identify* service but they are quite expensive.

If you want to look up what certain special items can/cannot do, see the
spoiler files section (7.4) or further explanations in (5.8) and (5.9).

If you sell an item to a shop the offer you will receive depends on
the following:

Item is not identified at all -> the offered cash will equal the value of the
                                 basic item type, eg 300 Au for a long sword
                                 or 20 Au for an unknown potion.

Item has been pseudo-identified -> shops won't buy items that have a bad
                                   pseudo-identification. 'average' items will
                                   sell for the value of the basic item type.
                                   good/excellent/special items will sell for
                                   their basic value too so you better
                                   identify them to get more money for them!

Item has been identified -> the shop will pay you fully for all those boni
                            that are either very obvious (like +STRength or
                            Extra Attacks or Life/Mana) or which are always
                            granted to this kind of ego item (for example
                            'weapons of *Slay Evil*' always give 'ESP evil').

                            However, the shop won't offer money for 'hidden'
                            abilities like resistances or ESP which aren't
                            obvious and which are randomly bestowed upon
                            this type of ego item. (Most ego items have
                            one or more random powers!)
                            To make the shop pay for these unknown powers
                            too you'll need to fully identify the item,
                            this is called *identifying* (note the asterisks).
                            To do this, there are scrolls of *Identify*,
                            staves of *Perception* as well as the spell
                            'Greater Identify'.
                            If your item turns out to lack any hidden powers
                            you wasted the *Identify* scroll, but that's not
                            a big deal.

Item has been identified and is a true artifact -> the shop will pay a fixed
                                                   price which is predefined
                                                   for each true artifact.
                                                   You don't need to *ID* it.

Item has been identified and is a randart -> Shops will usually offer between
                                             10,000 and 15,000 Au for unknown
                                             randarts, but never more than the
                                             item is really worth. You should
                                             _always_ *identify* your randarts
                                             to discover all their hidden
                                             abilities, so shopkeepers will
                                             pay a lot more.

Item has been identified and is cursed -> the shops never buy cursed items.
                                          That might change if you uncurse
                                          it and if the item hasn't only bad
                                          (negative) boni on it.

Shop prices in general may slightly vary depending on the shop owner's race
and your character's race.

Sometimes an item turns out to be an artifact!
See (5.9b) for more information about artifacts.

If a player holds an unidentified item long enough he/she might get
a 'feeling' about it. The more points in 'Combat' skill the player has
the faster and clearer he can feel the items value. This is called
'pseudo-identifying'. Warriors are more likely to pseudo-id than casters.
If a player pseudo-ids an item, the 'feeling' will be appended in { }
brackets to the item name.
Note that archers or casters will also become better at pseudo-id'ing,
if they train the 'Archery' or 'Magic' skill respectively.
'Archery' at level 11 helps to get more detailed ('excellent' too instead of
just 'good') feelings about ranged weapons and ammunition.
'Magic' at level 11 helps to get more detailed ('excellent' too, instead of
just 'good') feelings about magic items, potions and scrolls.

Items display the following pseudo-id tags:

-Basic items, non-magical:      {average}
-Magically enchanted items      {good}
-Excellent magical items        {excellent}
-Artifacts (random & static)    {special}
-Cursed items                   {cursed}
-Useless items (often cursed)   {worthless}
-Cursed artifacts / egos        {terrible}

Terrible doesn't need to equal useless. Some cursed artifacts can be very
powerful, rings of power dropped by Nazgul especially.

Note that potions don't have 'egos' or 'artifacts', scrolls don't have
artifacts either, but some of the potions and scrolls show similar pseudo-id
tags.

Again - if you want to look up what certain special items can/cannot do, see
the spoiler files section (7.4) or further explanations in (5.8) and (5.9).


(5.7a) Types of Identification
------------------------------
There are different stages and types of identification:
a) pseudo-indentification.
   This gives you one of the basic feelings like {good}, described above.
b) identification via ID (eg by scroll, staff or shop service - or from trying
   to use the item, if your character is able to observe any result, in which
   case it might yield some experience even):
   This actually does two types of identification!
   1) It identifies the magical properties of an item, such as
      +hit, +damage, +ac, names of ego powers or artifact power.
      These values are then seen by any player who looks at the item after
      it has been identified.
   2) It identifies the flavour of an item (if it is a flavoured item) for
      the particular player who identifies it.
      Flavours are prefixes in the base item name, in particular:
      -potion colours
      -scroll titles
      -ring/amulet materials
      -magic device materials
      So if you identify a 'clear potion' you will get to know that it's a
      'clear potion of water'. However, this flavour is now only know to you.
      Other characters who have not yet identified a clear potion on their own
      will still not know that it's a 'clear potion of water'.
c) identification via *ID* (eg by scroll, staff or shop service):
   This is the same as ID but additionally reveals all details of all ego- or
   artifact powers the item has.
   This can lead to an increase in price if some of those powers were not
   considered obvious, in which case stores wouldn't pay for them when you sell
   the item. Non-obvious powers are those that are randomly occurring (those
   don't exist on true artifacts).

Note: There are certain effects that can make your character lose his knowledge
      of items, which corresponds to 'unindentification' of types a) and b)1)
      and also loses the additional knowledge gained from c) in the list above.
      The flavour knowledge as described in b)2) is always preserved though.



(5.8) Special abilities of items
--------------------------------
FEATHER ('It allows you to levitate.')
        'Feather Falling', also called 'Levitation'.
        Lets you resist gravitation damage somewhat.
        Lets you float down gently if you accidentally stumble into pits.
FLY     ('It allows you to fly.')
        Allows you to cross water areas without drowning. Enables you to fly
        over trees.
XTRA_SHOTS
        ('It fires missiles excessively fast.')
        This ranged weapon can fire an extra shot per round, see your number of
        shots per round go up in 'C' character overview screen.
        For trap kits, the number of shots they fire can actually increase by
        more than one, depending on their pval (the number in parentheses, for
        example '(+2)' would fire 2 extra shots).
XTRA_MIGHT
        ('It fires missiles with extra might.')
        This ranged weapon fires more damaging shots: Its damage multiplier is
        increased by 1 above the usual multiplier for this weapon type.
        For example a Long Bow of Extra might would show a (x4) multiplier,
        although Long Bows usually have a (x3) multiplier.
        Note that the multiplier may also affect the maximum shooting range.
MANA ('It affects your mana capacity.')
        Will increase your total mana points by +x0%. Example:
        Gloves of the magi (+3) increase your mana by 30%.
        MANA items _add_ to each other, they aren't multiplied.
        MANA-increasing items have reduced effect on priests or paladins,
        because their spells are not so much pure magic but rather a form
        of praying.
        MANA affects your complete mana pool, including the additional MP
        (mana points) a character gained from 'Magic' skill.
LIFE ('It affects your hit points')
        Will increase your total hit points by +x0%. Example:
        Sword of life (+2) increases your HP by 20%.
        LIFE items _add_ to each other, they aren't multiplied.
        The maximum total +LIFE bonus a character can achieve is +3 (cap).
        (For mimics, the +LIFE effect might be less since their HP in
        player form or monster form might be low. The +LIFE isn't applied
        to mimics' final HP but the lower base HP.)
        LIFE affects your complete hit point pool, including the additional
        HP a character gained from 'Health' skill.
        +LIFE on randarts will only affect player characters if they meet
        certain conditions, see server options in-game via ~d for details.
AGGRAVATE ('It aggravates nearby creatures')
        Wakes up all monsters in whose radius of awareness you are.
        (Does not haste them as scrolls do, compare to (5.9)).
LUCK ('It affects your luck')
        If you are lucky, your chance to find better items increases.
        Luck caps at 40, having higher bonus won't help any more.
        The higher your luck is, the more diminishing is the effect of
        increasing it even more.
        What does 'better items' mean exactly?
        It simply means that you have a higher chance to get good or great
        items when...
        -killing monsters
        -opening chests
        -finding items in the dirt by digging.
        'Good' means that an item has enchantments to hitchance, damage or
        armour class. How much exactly it has isn't affected by luck (well, it
        is by your personal ooc luck I guess :-p).
        'Great' means that an item has ego powers or is an artifact. Luck does
        not affect how great its ego power or artifact abilities will be!
        Note: Luck has NO effect on 'acquirement' and 'artifact creation'.
        Note: Luck does NOT affect which base item type drops, ie whether it is
        a dragon scale mail or a cloth hat.
NO_MAGIC ('Antimagic shell')
        Raises your saving throw to 95%, making you nearly immune to any
        malicious magical influence (like paralysation). Also prevents
        you from using any magic device or casting spells.
ANTIMAGIC ('Antimagic field')
        Prevents you from using any magic device or casting spells, also
        prevents nearby monsters and other players from casting spells (but
        not from using magic devices).
        The field has less influence on _party members_ who try to cast.
        The radius is approximately the field power / 9, and is cumulative
        to the 'Antimagic' skill. The field power is the chance of
        suppressing a spell. It caps at 75% and is cumulative to the
        'Antimagic' skill. Make sure to read up on antimagic skill at (6.2).
        The chance to interrupt spells is quartered for your party members,
        so they are not affected much by your antimagic field.
BLESSED ('It has been blessed by the gods')
        These weapons resist cursing. Priests can use blessed weapons
        without penalties, even if they are not blunt.
VAMPIRIC ('It drains life from your foes')
        Drains life from your victim, which heals you slightly.
        For details see '(5.15) Vampirism'.
VORPAL ('Sharp' weapons, 'It is very sharp and can cut your foes.')
        Has a chance that the weapon damage dice result is multiplied on
        hitting, you'll see 'Your weapon cuts deep into your enemy'.
        The multiplication is done after brand/slay effects have been applied,
        so brand/slay effects will increase VORPAL efficiency.
CRIT    ('It affects your ability to score critical hits.')
        This item adds to your chance to score critical hits.
        If the item is a weapon then it will only affect hits done with this
        weapon in particular, so for example a boomerang that provides +CRIT
        bonus will not affect your melee attacks.
        If the item is not a weapon (eg a piece of armour or a ring) then it
        will affect all of your physical attacks, including throwing items.
        For more information about critical strikes and attacks, see the
        description of the "Critical-strike" skill in (6.2).
CHAOTIC ('It produces chaotic effects')
        On hitting, you have a 50% chance to do one of the following:
        a) drain life (VAMPIRIC, see (5.15)) (very likely).
        b) earthquake (see (5.13) for details).
           (If enabled in the server settings, it can be suppressed with
           the !E inscription. See (0.3) for !E settings or press ~d in game.
           Usually, !E only works on the artifact "Grond".)
        c) confuse target (very likely).
        d) teleport target away.
        e) polymorph target.
        f) clone target aka duplicate the monster it hits. Note that the clone
           does not give experience, drop items, or give form credit for
           mimicry users.
        Note that most of these have an *extremely* low chance to occur.
        Most of the time the vampirism or confusion effect is chosen.
IMPACT ('It can cause earthquakes')
        Causes earthquakes if the damage is > 50. See (5.13) for details about
        earthquakes.
        (If enabled in the server settings, it can be suppressed with
        the !E inscription. See (0.3) for !E settings or press ~d in game.
        Usually, !E only works on the artifact "Grond".)
WOUNDING ('It is very sharp and makes your foes bleed.')
        Has additional to-hit/to-dam bonus.
Weapons of Spinning
        Spin around on activation, hitting every monster around you in a
        radius of 1, with an extra stun effect.
EASY_USE (of Simplicity)
        You have a much higher chance of succeeding to use the magic device.
        Also see (6.10) for more information about the 'Magic Device' skill.
CHARGING (of Charging) ('It regenerates its mana faster.')
        This magic device (rod) will take only 1/2 of the usual time to
        fully recharge.
Istari (of the Istari)
        Combination of EASY_USE and CHARGING.
FUEL_LITE ('It provides light when fueled')
        A light source that needs to be fueled, otherwise it runs out.
        WARNING:
        If this item provides other abilities besides emitting light, be aware
        that you need to keep it fueled for it to do so! If it runs out of fuel
        your character will lose all abilities it provided until you refuel it.
(NO_SEED
        An ego item that is never created randomly (in terms of abilities
        or power).)
CURSED, HEAVY_CURSE, PERMA_CURSE, AUTO_CURSE,
CURSE_NO_DROP, TY_CURSE, DG_CURSE
        See (5.14) Curses.
INSTA_ART
        This item always is an artifact; it has no base-class that can spawn
        non-art items. Example: Long Sword base class can spawn regular long
        swords, but also 'Elvagil'. A Phial however will instantly be
        'artified' and turn into Phial of Galadriel or Undeath. There are no
        base-type non-art phials in the game.
SPECIAL_GENE
        These artifacts are 'special artifacts' that cannot be dropped by
        regular monsters but require a certain key monster to be killed.
        For example the Dragonrider Coat of Mardra can only drop from Mardra
        (there is no guarantee that she will always drop it though).
'Imbued' books and tomes.
        Those especially treatened books and tomes resist the influence of
        heat, water and acid strongly.
INVIS   ('It makes you invisible.')
        Turns you invisible. Items 'of Invisibility' often have a +mod,
        which gives you additional stealth. Note that this +mod does not
        qualify or affect your invisibility in any way, but is purely for an
        extra stealth bonus. See '(5.16) Invisibility' for details.
BLOWS   ('It affects your attack speed.')
        This item adds EA (extra attacks) to your number of blows per round.
'of Plenty' wands and staves.
        These have more charges than usual, and will also gain more charges
        from recharging than their normal counterparts. (See (5.22) about
        recharging.)
WINNERS_ONLY
	This item can only be equipped by winners (kings/queens/emperors/
	empresses) and fallen winners (those who lost their title because they
	died).
	This item can only be found by certain characters, see server options
        in-game via ~d for details.



(5.9) What does item xxx do exactly?
------------------------------------
Some items might look bad (Mushrooms of Unhealth), but keep in mind that you
can often throw ('v') these items to damage or impair an enemy.
For more information about items and especially ego items see (7.4).


Weapons & Armour
----------------
Dark Sword      Dark Swords have a so-called 'antimagic field', which
                prevents the user from using magic devices or casting spells,
                and also has a chance to interrupt nearby monsters and players
                who try to cast spells but doesn't affect their magic devices.
                The chance to interrupt spellcasters is 30% minus 3/5 of the
                to-hit and to-dam values of the dark sword. Example:
                A Dark Sword (+3,+7) has 30 - (3+7) * 3/5 = 24% chance of
                interrupting spellcasters. The chance is further quartered for
                party members, so they are hardly affected by your antimagic
                field.
                The radius of the antimagic field is several fields (chance
                to interrupt spells, divided by 9), getting smaller if the
                chance is smaller than 30%.
                Dark Swords never give more than 30% AM, even if tohit and
                todam boni added together result in a negative number.
                They also never give 'negative antimagic', 0% AM is the
                minimum, even if tohit+todam are greater than its AM.
                AC boni on Dark Swords won't affect the antimagic field.
                The antimagic chance and field radius of a dark sword stacks
                with the 'Antimagic' skill (see 6.2).

                Note that if you dual-wield dark swords the stronger AM field
                will override the weaker one, so they don't stack.

                Similarly, if there are multiple players around nearby who have
                antimagic fields affecting the same monster then only the
                strongest AM field will work, overriding the weaker ones.
Bluesteel Blade Cannot rust (not damaged by water attacks) and are especially
                sharp (see 'VORPAL' under (5.8)).
Shadow Blade    Resists darkness, cannot be damaged by acid or water, provides
                a fixed stealth bonus of +2.
Blade of Chaos  Resists chaos and produces chaotic effects (see (5.8)).
Hunting Spear   Slays animals.
Slaughter Axe   Slays animals.
Scourge of Repentance   Slays undead.
Demon Hammer    Slays demons.
Thunder Axe     Slays giants, provides lightning brand and resistance.
Mace of Disruption      Slays undead.
Scythe of Slicing       Slays dragons and animals.

Weapons of Morgul       These are terribly cursed weapons that aren't good for
                        anything, just try to get rid of them. Since they have
                        a heavy curse on them, you need to either use a scroll
                        of *remove curse* or use enchant scrolls to break it.
                        For details about the enchant-scrolls trick, which is
                        usually much cheaper, see paragraph '(5.14) Curses'.
                        Wielding a weapon of Morgul will allow you to see the
                        invisible but also infect you with the Black Breath,
                        drain your experience and aggravate nearby monsters.
                        Note that this weapon can auto-recurse itself when you
                        move it between equipment and inventory, so when you
                        uncursed it drop it to the ground right away!
                        If you find a weapon of morgul, inscribe it '!w' to
                        prevent wielding it accidentally.
Weapons of Nothingness  Similarly terribly cursed as weapons of Morgul. You
                        are unable to strike while wielding this weapon.
                        Fortunately you can just drop or destroy these weapons
                        via 'd'/'k' keys just like any other items, right away.
                        See 'Weapons of Morgul' right above on how to break the
                        curse of this weapon to get rid of it.
                        Note that this weapon can auto-recurse itself when you
                        move it between equipment and inventory, so when you
                        uncursed it drop it to the ground right away!

Magic ammunition (Magic Arrows, Magic Bolts, Magic Shots).
                Those will return into your quiver magically, so just having
                one will already serve, as long as it isn't destroyed by some
                elemental attack..
                Artifact ammunition of any type auto-returns too, same as
                magic ammunition.
Silver ammunition       *Slays* undead.
Ethereal ammunition     Magically returns after being fired, has a small chance
                        to fade away instead though.

Blasted armour          Armour that has the prefix "blasted" has much less +AC
                        bonus than usual, in most cases the +AC value is deeply
                        in the negative numbers.
                        However, other than bad +AC the armour is not cursed or
                        impared in any way, and may still be usable, especially
                        if you use scrolls of enchant armour to 'repair' it.

Dragonrider Coat                Resists heat & cold.
Serpent Scale Mail              Resists acid.
Multi-hued Dragon Scale Mail    Gives base + poison resistance (base means
                                fire/cold/lightning/acid) and two random
                                immunities out of those five.
                                For example one MHDSM might give fire and cold
                                immunity, while another MHDSM gives poison and
                                lightning immunity.
Elven Cloak     Increases your stealth, searching ability and luck.
                For details about luck see LUCK flag in (5.8).
Shadow Cloak    Makes you hard to spot for other players, regarding
                a) them seeing you
                b) them being able to look at your current equipment.
                Shadow Cloaks work especially well to further disguise
                yourself while being invisible vs. someone who is able to see
                invisible creatures/players. See '(5.16) Invisibility'.
Elven Gloves    Regenerate hit points and mana points.
Royal Armour    Super-heavy armour that can only be worn by (fallen) winners,
                'winner' meaning queens, kings, empresses and emperors.
                (These armour pieces usually have a level requirement of 51 or
                more and can have special boni not found on other armour.)
                'Royal armour' is not a base item name itself but just
                describes various types of adamantite and mithril heavy armour
                or shields that will display
                "It is to be used by royalties exclusively."
                in violet colour when inspected/exmamined.


Potions
-------
Boldness        Removes fear and keeps your heart boldened for a while.
Heroism         Temporary effects: Increase CHP and MHP by 10. Removes fear.
                +12 bonus to-hit.
Berserk Strength
                Temporary effects: Increase CHP and MHP by 30. Removes fear.
                +5 bonus to-hit, +10 bonus to-dam, -10 malus to to-ac.
Resistance      Gives you temporary resistance against heat, cold, acid,
                electricity and poison. (Stacks with permanent resistance
                to lower the damage to 1/9 (1/3 temp * 1/3 perm)).
Speed           Temporary speed increase by +10.
Cure Light Wounds
                Cures blindness and cuts; heals 3d8 HP.
Cure Serious Wounds
                Cures blindness, cuts, confusion; heals 6d8 HP.
Cure Critical Wounds
                Cures blindness, cuts, confusion, stun; heals 14d8 HP.
Healing         Cures blindness, cuts, confusion, stun, poison; heals 300 HP.
*Healing*       Cures blindness, cuts, confusion, stun, poison; heals 700 HP.
Restore Mana    Restores 500 SP.
*Restore Mana*  Restores 1000 SP.
Restore Life Levels
                Restores your experience, if it has been drained. You can see
                that your experience has been drained by it being displayed in
                yellow colour instead of the usual light green.
                Note that this potion does not restore experience you lost by
                dying (there is no way to restore experience loss by death).
Curing          Heals some HP, removes blindness/confusion/stun, cures
                poison/cuts/hallucinations, heals some insanity,
                cures being gorged, restores all your stats (except exp).
Life            Heals 700 HP, removes blindness/confusion/stun, cures
                poison/cuts/hallucinations, cures Black Breath,
                restores all your stats and experience.
Experience      Gives you additionally half your current experience plus 10,
                but only up to a maximum of +100,000 points. So you'll get the
                most out of it if you quaff it when you reached 200,000 exp.
                (Ok, 199,980 - thanks Sav...)
                However, some players prefer to quaff it earlier, when it's
                especially hard for them to reach the next level for some
                reason, maybe harder than if they were at 200,000 exp already.
Self-Knowledge  Tells you everything about yourself :)
Chauve-Souris   Turns you into a fruit bat. Quaff another one to be restored
                to your original form. A wand/rod of polymorph might help too.
                Make sure you don't resist nexus if someone tries to polymorph
                you back. Or just use 'Morph Restoration' service.
Enlightenment   Illuminates and maps the whole level and reveals all objects.
                It also identifies all of the user's items.
*Enlightenment* Raises your intelligence and wisdom, detect treasures,
                objects, secret doors, traps. Identifies all items. And tells
                you about yourself like a potion of Self-Knowledge would do.
Augmentation    Raises all your stats.
Lose Memories   Lose 25% experience (if Hold Life is missing).
Ruination       Take 10d10 damage. All stats are decreased by 25 (restorable).
Detonations / Death
                Better not drink it (or you deserve it).
                Also, handle with caution! Make sure those won't shatter in
                your backpack when you're hit by potion-damaging effects, or
                you might not see the next sunrise.
                If thrown (press 'v' to throw an item) these potions show the
                strongest effect by far of all potions - devastating!
                Accordingly useful to be used in fumes traps.
Invulnerability Will turn you partially invulnerable (40% chance to fully
                deflect any attack, 50% damage reduction if it still hits) and
                increases armour class by 100 temporarily.
Learning        Gives you 1..3 (random) additional skill points to spend.


Scrolls
-------
Rumour          Makes a random rumour come to your character's (and everyone
                else's characters') mind. Has no further effect and is not
                necessarily true even.
Blessing/Holy Chant/Holy Prayer
                Increases your AC by 8/14/20, also increases your to-hit
                bonus. (Temporarily)
Life            Resurrects another player's ghost if standing on a directly
                adjacent field to you when you read it. Does not work inside
                vaults, and only over solid ground.
                Also restores your experience points if they were drained.
                Since it was often asked: Non-everlasting and everlasting
                players can revive each other without problems.
Aggravate Monsters
                Wakes up all monsters within about twice the maximum sight
                range (a constant defaulting to 20, so aggrav. radius is ~40).
                Hastes all monsters in your line of sight (same as SHRIEK
                spell or traps of aggravation or the "/scream" command).
Word of Recall  Use it to quickly travel from the town or the wilderness into a
                dungeon or tower within your current sector.
                It can also be used to travel between towns or on the worldmap
                in general. See "(0.3) Important Inscriptions" for more info
                about Word of Recall! ("Word-of-Recall", "WoR")
                If you read another Word of Recall while you're still waiting
                for one to kick in, the effect will be cancelled again!
                That way you can change your mind, for example if you suddenly
                spot a monster you want to kill just after you read a WoR.
                Word-of-Recall scrolls can be exchanged between an everlasting
                and a non-everlasting player!
                After being recalled the player will receive 'stair goi' (a
                temporary extra protection from taking damage) for a short
                amount of time, see (0.4) for details.
Blood Bond      Inscribe this @P<playername>, for example @PGandalf, then read
                it to form a blood bond between you and that player. (Only one
                of you has to read a BB scroll, it's working bidirectional).
                Everyone on the server will receive messages about that blood
                bond been formed: "<player A> blood bonds with <player B>".
                If you don't see this message, you did something wrong. Get
                another scroll and repeat the blood bonding until you see the
                correct confirmation message.
                Your characters will automatically be hostile to each other,
                so you can fight in a friendly duel. This even works in town,
                which otherwise is a safe zone from PvP.
                The loser won't suffer a real death while blood-bonded, but
                just get teleported away. The hostility will automatically be
                cancelled when the blood bond ends or when a player logs out.
                Everyone on the server will be informed about the result:
                "<A> wins the blood bond against <B>".
Remove Curse    Breaks lesser curses on items, allowing you to unwear or
                destroy them. Note that many items can be sold for good cash
                as soon as they are uncursed!
                Also, non- or uncursed items that induce random teleportation
                can be inscribed .. to have the teleportation stop (compare
                (0.3 Important Inscriptions).
                (It gives you the message:
                'You feel as if someone is watching over you.'.)
*Remove Curse*  Breaks heavy curses. Note that curses (including heavy ones)
                on weapons or armours can also be broken by enchanting one of
                their boni some points above +0.
Recharging      Recharges a magical rod/wand/staff (see (5.22)).
Rune of Protection  Creates a warding glyph on the floor that stops monsters
                    from crossing the field or summoning on it.
Protection from evil    Repels evil creatures that try to attack you.
                        See the prayer 'Protection from evil' in (6.8)!
*Destruction*   Causes a local earthquake, nearly completely wiping the area
                of monsters and objects.
                Extremely powerful magic which causes a searing blast of light
                and a terrible shockwave that will blind you and knock you and
                everyone else out.
                Use this as a last resort!
                This magic will fail inside vaults and in towns or in the area
                surrounding a town within a radius of 3 worldmap sectors.
                It will also fail on dungeon floors that do not allow
                *destruction* magic explicitely (orange floor feeling saying
                "The walls here seem very solid.", also see (4.8)).
Genocide        Removes all monsters of a certain kind from the current level.
                Drains your HP for each one removed.
                The race will be determined by the monster which stands
                closest to you when firing off the spell. For each monster you
                will suffer randomly from just 1 up to 4+(monsterlevel/8)
                points of damage, which cannot be absorbed by any magic shield
                or other protective effect!
                Depending on the server configuration, the caster's remaining
                hit points are usually halved (as an additional extra penalty)
                after the spell finished.
                Monsters have a chance to resist genocide, depending on their
                level. Monsters inside vaults, Uniques, and monsters that are
                immune to teleportation attacks cannot be genocided.
Obliteration    Removes all monsters that are close to you.
                Drains your HP.
                All monsters within a radius (equal to your sight range)
                around you are annihilated. For each monster you will suffer
                between 1 and 3+(monsterlevel/8) points of damage, which cannot
                be absorbed by any magic shield or other protective effects!
                Depending on the server configuration, the caster's remaining
                hit points might be halved (extra penalty) after the spell
                finished (this penalty is enabled by default).
                Monsters have a chance to resist genocide, depending on their
                level. Monsters inside vaults, Uniques, and monsters that are
                immune to teleportation attacks cannot be genocided.
Acquirement     Gives you a great item, generated randomly (may sometimes be
                very great and sometimes less great).
                Reading it on deeper dungeon levels produces better results in
                general (although the outcome is still pretty random).
                Note that while some towns also have a high level, reading this
                scroll in town won't guarantee a 'great' item, which will
                be guaranteed if you read it in the dungeon.
                What you usually do: Either try to quickly visit a really deep
                dungeon level just to read the scroll, grab the item and get
                out of there. Or sell it to a town store for good cash.
                Acquirement is not affected by 'luck'.
*Acquirement*   Same as Acquirement, but gives you two or three great items.
Fire/Ice/Chaos  Fires a ball of the according type around you. Make sure you
                resist it or you will take damage too.
Lottery         This might be your chance today to win the Jackpot!
                Just read it, if you win any money, it will appear under/around
                your character on the floor. You will always get a message that
                tells you if you won or not.
                A common question is if someone ever won the first prize and
                how much it is:
                Yes, several people have won it, although it happens extremely
                rarely. The prize at the time of writing this is about 1.5M Au.
Vermin Control  Stops breeders on the map from multiplying. Doesn't have effect
                on certain non-natural breeders such as Unmakers.
Wilderness Mapping  Maps the wilderness area around the worldmap sector you
                    are currently within. These scrolls also sometimes carry
                    an inscription telling the location of a hidden dungeon.
Cancellation    Don't use it! It can heavily disenchant magic items in your
                inventory and/or equipment. It hasn't got a useful purpose.
Golem Creation  Allows you to create a golem which follows you and which you
                can control to some extent, see (8.3) for more information.
Parchments      These contain informations about the game, they won't
                disappear if you read them.
Deeds           Some of the parchments are deeds, which are used as rewards
                for various purpose, such as events (see (4.13)) and
                PvP fights of PvP-mode-characters (see(6.13)).
                Press 'r' to read a deed, which will usually tell you what to
                do with it. In most cases, you have to turn it in at the
                mayor's office in Bree (one of the '+' doors in town).
Cheques         These are automatically generated in player stores when someone
                buys an item. They can be 'I'nspected to check their value or
                'r'ead to cash in the money.
                For more information see (4.10a).


Wands/Rods/Staves
-----------------
Clone Monster   Duplicates a monster. The duplicate, aka 'clone', does not give
                experience, drop items, or count as form credit for mimicry
                users.
Genocide        See 'Scrolls'.
*Destruction*   See 'Scrolls'.
Wonder          Wands of wonder cast random magic spells.
Starlight       Casts 8 beams of light in a star-shaped pattern.
Curing          Cures being gorged, removes blindness/confusion/stun,
                cures poison/cuts.
Probing         Tells you hit points, melee attacks, speed and armour class of
                monsters in your line of sight.
Detection       Detects treasures, objects, traps, secret doors, and
                non-invisible creatures.
Perception      Identifies a specific item.
*Perception*    *Identifies* a specific item, you guessed it..
Enlightenment   Magically maps your surroundings.
Polymorph       Polymorphs your target randomly into another form.
                Doesn't works on players who resist nexus.
Drain Life      Wand: Drains 10..20% life from your target, giving you 50% of
                the drained life force.
                Rod: Drains 15..30% life from your target, giving you 33% of
                the drained life force.
Annihilation    Wand only: Drains 15..30% life from your target.
Magi            Restores your intelligence and 500 mana points.
Power           Dispels nearby monsters.
Holiness        Dispels nearby evil. Also protects you from evil for a while.
                Cures poison/cuts, removes fear/stun, heals you somewhat.
Healing         Staves:
                Heals 300 to 400 hit points, depending on magic device skill,
                cures stun and cuts.
                Rods:
                Heals 100 to 350 hit points, depending on magic device skill,
                cures stun and cuts.
Dragon's Breath These wands fire a ball of dragon odem (more powerful than
                normal ball spell wands.)
Restoration     Restores experience points (aka live levels) and drained stats,
                ie STR/INT/WIS/DEX/CON/CHR.
Havoc           Fires balls or beams of random type, the exact outcome is hard
                to tell.. it's very powerful though.


Jewelry
-------
Amulets of Adornment    They might be looking fancy, but they don't do
                        anything and have no effect on your character.
Talisman (Amulet)       Increases your luck, helping you finding better loot.
                        (See LUCK flag in (5.8) for details about luck.)
Rings of Might          increase strength and constitution.
Rings of Toughness      increase dexterity and constitution.
Rings of Cunningness    increase strength and intelligence.
Rings of Ready Wit      increase dexterity and intelligence.
Amulets of Brilliance   increase intelligence and wisdom, provide light.
Rings of Sustain Might          sustain strength and constitution.
Rings of Sustain Ability        sustain strength and dexterity.
Rings of Sustain Cunningness    sustain strength, intelligence and charisma.
Rings of Sustain Steadiness     sustain wisdom and constitution.
Rings of Sustain Ready Wit      sustain dexterity, intelligence and charisma.
Rings of Sustain Brilliance     sustain intelligence and wisdom.
Amulets of Sustenance           sustain all six attributes, provide 'Hold Life'
                                aka resistance to experience-draining attacks,
                                and provide slow digestion.
                        Sustenance of a stat will prevent it from being drained
                        by various sort of attacks, potions, or other effects.
                        For most things it works 100% of the time, but for some
                        effects it just reduces the chance of a decrease to
                        occur.
                        Sustaining STR and DEX for example will ensure that you
                        don't lose attacks/round, so wearing a ring of Sustain
                        Ability can be helpful for melee fighters, especially
                        if they enter an ironman dungeon which they cannot
                        leave early in case they need to restore drained stats.
Rings/Amulets of Slow Digestion will slow your food digestion so you have to
                        eat less often. Also prevents instant paralysation if
                        your food state hits red 'weak'.
Amulet of Anti-Magic    See '5.7 NO_MAGIC'
Amulet of Anti-Teleportation    If worn it will suppress all attemps to
                                teleport, phase or recall the wearer,
                                regardless whether initiated by a monster or
                                by himself. It will also prevent certain
                                effects of unresisted nexus attacks.
                                Any word-of-recall that is cast while
                                teleportation is supressed will be suspended
                                and then immediately kick in as soon as the
                                amulet is taken off. This allows for some
                                interesting tactics..
Rings of Lordly Protection      Resist poison, disenchantment, life drain and
                                give free action (immunity to paralysis).
Elemental rings (flames, frost, acid, lightning)
                    Provide the according resistance and can be activated for
                    temporary resistance too, thereby temporarily giving you
                    "double resistance" (see (5.17) for details).
                    They also brand your physical attacks with the according
                    element.
Amulet of the Moon      Gives infra-vision, the power to see invisible, and it
                        can be activated to sleep monsters nearby.
                        It also improves your +hit and +dam boni.
Amulet of Terken        Gives the power to see invisible, free action, and
                        improves your searching (usually by quite a lot).


Misc
--
Spell scroll        Although called "scrolls" they actually persist and can be
                    used infinite times. They may however get destroyed by
                    certain damage effects (most notably fire and acid)
                    same as regular scrolls. Spell scrolls ignore water damage
                    though, which can harm regular scrolls.
Spell crystal       They are like "spell scrolls", except they are used for
                    mindcrafter spells. A specialty of spell crystals is that
                    they ignore fire damage (and water damage, same as spell
                    scrolls).
Codex, Spellbook, Grimoire
                    These are magic books that may contain magic spells of any
                    type and school, be it for mages, priests, druids or
                    mindcrafters.
                    However, these books start out empty, devoid of any spells
                    and it's up to the player to add spells of his choice to
                    them.
                    To do so, he needs to find or buy spell scrolls in the
                    library (store '9'), then press 'A' to activate the Codex,
                    Spellbook or Grimoire, then choose the spell scroll he
                    wants to transcribe into the book. The scroll will vanish
                    and the spell will be permanently and irreversibly added
                    to the book.
                    Condition for this to work is that the book still has free
                    space left, and that the player has actually learned the
                    spell he wants to transcribe.
                    Codices can carry the least amount of spells (3),
                    spellbooks being intermediate (4), while Grimoires have
                    the most space (5).
                    (Note that you cannot use these books if your game client
                    version is below 4.4.2!)
(Small) Firestones  These can be eaten by Draconians and players in dragon
                    forms and have various random effects (small firestones
                    have reduced duration):
                    - If the player isn't a Draconian but he is currently in
                      dragon form he will get some mana refilled.
                    - If he is a Draconian, the following effects can apply:
                        - Adrenaline:   Consume way more food.
                                        Get STR/CON/DEX bonus.
                                        Get to-hit/to-dam bonus.
                                        Sometimes get EA.
                                        Get AC malus.
                        - Biofeedback:  Consume more food.
                                        Regenerate HP / heal cuts faster.
                                        Reduce damage from arrows/missiles,
                                        shards, sound and ice shards.
                        - ESP:          You can see telepathically.
                        - Physical Instability:     Probability Travel.
                        - Fury:         40 more HP, speed bonus,
                                        to-dam bonus, to-hit/to-ac malus.
                        - Speed-up:     Speed bonus.
                        - Heroism:      10 more HP, to-hit bonus, resist fear.
                        - Temp res:     Temporary base and poison resistance.
                    If you eat too many of them over a short period of time you
                    might get poisoned by adrenaline overdose, with lethal
                    outcome.
Dwarven lanterns    Make you resist fear. Don't need to be fueled.
Feanorian lamps     Make you resist fear and see the invisible. Don't need to
                    be fueled.
Mattock/Pick/Shovel Diggers, improving your digging capabilities.
                    (+to-hit, +to-dam) on digging tools as well as a high
                    weight help to further increase their effectiveness.
                    Main factor is the (+diggingpower) mod though. (Equip it!)
                    If you lack any of these valuable digging tools, axes and
                    swords can help you hacking down trees or bushes (see
                    'Digging' skill in (6.2) and (5.21) for more information
                    about digging).
Mummy Wrapping      Reduces your charisma slightly, and prevents other players
                    from seeing your equipment except for your melee and/or
                    ranged weapon. Also makes you look dark like being
                    infected by Black Breath. (Equip it!)
                    Vampires start with a mummy wrapping, because it can
                    protect them from the sunlight. If they are moving on the
                    world surface (meaning not in a dungeon/tower) while it's
                    day, the sun will burn them if they don't resist light or
                    wear a mummy wrapping.
                    Hint: Polymorphing into a vampire bat may improve hit
                    point regeneration rate.
Tarpaulin           When equipped a tarp prevents your inventory and equipment
                    from taking water damage when crossing water fields or when
                    you are attacked with water-based effects.
                    Note that your weapon is not included in this protection
                    when you for example attack a water-based monster with it.
Picklock            When equipped, improves your trap-disarming ability.
Money Belt          When equipped, greatly reduces chance of thieves succeeding
                    in stealing your money.
Device of theft prevention
                    When equipped, greatly reduces chance of thieves succeeding
                    in stealing items from your backpack.
Climbing set        Allows you to travel over mountain fields.
                    Info for mimics & co: In order to be able to use it, your
                    appearance form must have arms and fingers. (Equip it!)
Fortune Cookie      Gives you a line of wisdom.
Sprig of Athelas    Eat this one to cure Black Breath (see 1.5 for more
                    information about Black Breath),
                    also cures poison/stun/cuts.
Mushrooms of paranoia/cure paranoia
                    Cause/remove fear, cause/reduce hallucinations.
Mushroom of Unmagic
                    Removes all magical effects from your body if eaten.
Mushroom of Restoring
                    Restores your stats and your experience if drained.
Mushrooms with bad effects are also often poisonous.
Lembas (elvish waybread)
                    Satisifies your hunger, cures poison and hallucinations.
Flint               Prevents your light from going out by automatically
                    refilling it right when it would've reached 0 turns.
                    For this to work you'll need to carry appropriate items in
                    your inventory that will be used up in the process, eg a
                    flask of oil or another lantern for refilling a lantern or
                    another torch for refilling a torch.
Empty bottles       You can /fill these at fountains to turn them into
                    potions. (See 0.2 for more details.)
Skeletons/Bones/Skulls  You can create ammunition from these if your Archery
                        skill is sufficient (see (6.12)).
Rubble ':' on the floor You can create sling ammo from this. You cannot pick
                        up rubble, just stand next to it (see (6.12)).
Guild key           See (6.9).
Chests              Chests may contain treasures or items. Usually, chests
                    you find will have hidden traps on them. So what you do is
                    to hit 's' to search for traps while standing next to the
                    chest, or use any trap detection magic.
                    When you have discovered the trap, hit 'D' to disarm it,
                    or again use any sort of disarming magic.
                    The disarmed chest is finally safe to open with 'o' key.
                    Happy looting.


(5.9a) Activatable items
------------------------
Many items can be activated (press 'A' to try).
The chance of successful activation may or may not depend on various factors,
such as..
-your magic device skill vs the item type base level
-whether you have trained your Antimagic skill
-if you have the item equipped

An activated item will usually have a cooldown (timeout) until it can be
activated again. Items that need to be equipped to be activated usually won't
recover while they aren't equipped.

Many artifacts can be activated, as well as items of certain ego powers. But
there are also some base item types that provide an activation effect.

Base and ego types that can be activated and aren't described elsewhere:

Cloaks of immolation: Temporary fire resistance.
Cloaks of frostweaving: Temporary frost resistance.
Cloaks of Lordly Resistanc: Temporary base+poison resistance.
Dragon Scale Mails: According breath attack.
Weapons of the Thunderlords: Teleportation.
Weapons of Spinning: Spin attack.
Fury weapons: Berserk.
Noldor caps: Treasure detection.
Spectral weapons: Wraithform (see (5.23)).

Serpent amulets: Poison breath.
Moon amulets: Sleep monsters.
Rage amulets: Berserk.
Elemental rings: Breath the ring element and temporary resistance to it.
Teleportation rings: Explode for teleportation.


(5.9b) Artifacts and artifact resets
------------------------------------
Artifact types in general
-------------------------
Some items are 'named', those possess especially great magic powers and are
also called 'Artifacts'.
Different from other items artifacts will pseudo-ID as 'special' (given
sufficient combat/magic/archery skill) or as 'terrible' if they are cursed.

The artifact name can either be given as a real name, for example:
    The Dagger 'Nimthanc'
or it can be in the form of a description like for example:
    The Whip of Gothmog
The 'The' indicates that this item is one of a kind, aka an artifact.

To find out all about the magic powers of an artifact it needs to be
*identified*, for example by a 'Scroll of *Identify*' or in one of the *ID*
shops that occur in most towns, which will usually cost around 2000..3000 gold.

Some artifacts can be 'A'ctivated for a special effect. This will be shown
in the list of its powers that you get when *identifying* it.

Artifact ammunition never breaks or (in case of boomerangs) falls down to the
floor instead of returning. Artifact weapons are harder to get disarmed.

There are two classes of artifacts, 'true artifacts' (also called 'static
artifacts') and 'random artifacts' or short 'randarts':


True artifacts
--------------
True artifacts are predefined in the a_info.txt file and will always sell for
their defined value even if they have not been *identified*.
You can search a list of all true artifacts in game, by pressing  ~ 6 .

True Artifacts are unique. If an artifact is owned by a player, noone else can
find it anymore until it's lost (for example if the player dies) or sold to a
shop, or if the player drops it to the floor and leaves it behind.
Depending on a server's configuration artifacts that are sold to shops usually
stay a while in the shop and can be bought by other players before they finally
disappear from the stock.

Usually true artifacts may not be dropped into a house (will just disappear!)
and may not be carried by winners, ie characters that have beaten Morgoth.
Since static artifacts are predefined and have fixed abilities, their number
therefore is limited. Thanks to the existance of random artifacts (see below)
this won't be able to cause any shortage of artifacts that can be found though.

Static artifacts will also be erased if they are left on the ground and the
dungeon level or worldmap sector gets 'unstaticed', that means it gets reset
because no players have been on it for a while (can be a few seconds for world
map sectors or dungeon floors that are left without any players on them, and up
to many hours in case someone ghost-died on a dungeon level, which can render
the dungeon level 'static' for that time to allow others to retrieve the loot).

Note that some cursed true artifacts can be sold to stores after you removed
the curse.


Random Artifacts
----------------
Random artifacts are composed randomly and even if they happen to bear the same
name might have totally different powers. Randarts need to be *identified* to
sell for what they are really worth.
Randarts can be dropped in houses and used by anyone just fine, with the
exception that randarts that give a hit point bonus can only be found/created
by winners (characters that have beaten Morgoth), and that the hit point bonus
will not apply if a non-winner character happens to use them.

As was just mentioned, randarts can actually be created by players, using a
'Scroll of Artifact Creation' which are somewhat often sold in the 'Expensive
Black Market' in Minas Anor, but also may very rarely spawn in normal black
markets.
The advantage of creating an artifact is that the player can determine the base
item type he wants to use. For more information about artifact creation see
(8.4).

Note that randarts that don't auto-curse themselves can be sold after you
removed the curse (except if the base item type is already worthless).


Artifacts vs Nazgul
-------------------
Artifacts greatly resist Nazguls, which cause most other weapons to break more
or less instantly. So even if an artifact weapon you find seems not very
appealing in particular you might want to keep it just for slaying Nazgul.
(See (1.3a) for more information about Nazgul.)

Note: 'The Stormbringer' is not a real artifact but it will show the same
resilience as true artifacts and random artifacts vs Nazgul.


Bonus from wearing similarly named artifacts
--------------------------------------------
If you wear/wield multiple artifacts of similar name, you will receive a luck
bonus (see (5.8), 'LUCK', for details about luck). For example if you equip
    The Whip of Gothmog    (which happens to be a true artifact)
and also
    The Hard Leather Armor 'Gothmog'    (which is actually a random artifact)
You'd get a small luck bonus, or 'set bonus'. The more artifacts of similar
name you equip the greater the luck bonus will be.
The exact luck boni for those 'artifact sets' starting at two items are:
4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 40 (cap). So it's basically the amount of artifacts squared.
Different sets don't stack, only the biggest set counts.

Artifacts of any type cannot be enchanted by any means, nor harmed by elemental
attacks of any type. Also they have a high chance to resist disenchantment
effects. (If the player actually resists disenchantment already then they are
completely safe.)


Artifact resets
---------------
The old system of resetting all true artifacts at once every 3 months has been
replaced by a new "fluent" reset system:

Artifacts will last for 4 weeks after they have been found (ie dropped by a
monster/chest/just being generated on the dungeon floor, and picked up by a
player), after which they will "time out" and disappear. This timer is specific
for each single true artifact, depending on when it is found (again).

No compensation is given when an artifact times out and disappears, since that
would encourage hoarding, so sell an artifact to a store in time before it
actually vanishes.

To check the timeout of an artifact, inspect it ('I' to inspect).
For your character to 100% "know" if an artifact is a true artifact or not it
needs to *Identify* the item. So this will be required to see the timer on it.

The timer will also continue to run out while the owner/carrier of an artifact
is offline.
Trading artifacts between characters has no effect on the timeout.

Grond and Morgoth's crown do not time out.
Artifacts that can only be found by winners (kings/queens/emperors/empresses)
have triple timeout delay (12 weeks).
All artifact timeout delays are further doubled on the Ironman server (8 weeks
for regular true artifacts, 24 weeks for winners-only true artifacts).



(5.10) Destruction of items by elemental attacks
------------------------------------------------
Items in your inventory can be destroyed if you are hit by an elemental
attack. Those attacks even have a very slim chance of destroying an item
that you have equipped!

In order for an item to guaranteedly survive such an attack, you must either
be immune or double-resisting (have permanent AND temporary resistance, also
see (5.17)) to that specific element. Double resistance is nearly as good as
immunity in regard to item protection.
Some items have IGNORE_xxx flags which let them ignore certain elements,
preventing them from being destroyed.
All artifacts, random and static ones, cannot be harmed by elemental attacks
of any type.

Here is a table of items and which elements they are susceptible against:
"Impact" happens if you fall into a pit, smashing some potions on hitting the
floor. Items that IGNORE_COLD also resist impact damage.
Usually items that contain wood, leather or stuff are susceptible to fire and
acid, while things that consist only of metal are just susceptible to acid.

                    Acid    Elec    Fire    Cold    Impact  Water
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Arrows              x               x
Bolts               x               x
Pebbles
Shots

Slings              x               x
Bows                x               x
Crossbows           x               x
Wooden boomerangs   x               x
Metal boomerangs    x

Swords              x
Axes                x               x
Blunt               x               x
Polearms            x               x

Leather caps/Hats   x               x
Metal caps/Helms    x
Crowns              x
Leather shields     x               x
Shields             x

Boots               x               x
Gloves              x               x
Cloaks              x               x
Soft Armour         x               x
Hard Armour         x
DSM Armour

                    Acid    Elec    Fire    Cold    Impact  Water
-----------------------------------------------------------------

Scrolls             x               x                       x
Parchments          x               x
Potions/Flasks                      x       x       x
Bottles                             x               x

Lamps               x               x
Wooden chests       x               x
Metal chests        x
Skeletons           x               x
Junk                x

Rings                       x
Amulets
Wands                       x
Staves              x               x
Rods

Spell Scrolls       x               x                       x
Spell Crystals      x
Beginner Handbooks  x               x
Handbooks           x               x                       x
Tomes               x               x
Greater Crystals
Custom Books        x               x

Items ignore certain elements if they have the according resistance due to ego
powers, for example a leather shield of resist fire will ignore fire.

Some tomes or spellbooks will resist certain elements, for example a
Tome of the Eternal Flame cannot be harmed by fire.


(5.10a) Equipment damage from elemental attacks
-----------------------------------------------
Armour can get damaged when an elemental monster attacks you or when you get
hit by elemental magic. Blocking an attack with a shield may damage it in the
same manner. Weapons may take damage if you hit an elemental monster with them.
Armour might also rust from moving through water without a tarpaulin equipped.

Armour/shields getting damage means a reduction of their +AC bonus by 1 point
each time, while weapons getting damaged means a reduction of their +damage
bonus by 1 point each time.
AC bonus won't drop lower than half the negative amount of the base AC.
Damage bonus won't drop lower than -10.

To prevent any damage, you need to become immune to the element, or the weapon
needs to ignore or resist the element.

The following table lists the elemental damage taken by various item types.

                    Acid    Fire    Water
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Wooden boomerangs   x       x
Metal boomerangs    x               x

Swords              x               x
Axes                x               x
Blunt                       x
Polearms                    x

Leather caps/Hats   x       x
Metal caps/Helms    x               x
Iron crowns         x               x
Crowns
Leather shields     x       x
Shields             x               x

Boots               x       x
Gloves              x       x
Cloaks              x       x
Soft Armour         x       x
Metal/steel Armour  x               x
Mithril/adamantite
DSM Armour



(5.11) Monster attack mechanism, Armour Class, damage caps
----------------------------------------------------------
Monsters may try to attack you in three different ways:
-Hitting you.
-Shooting you.
-Casting a spell that may wound you.

Monster is trying to hit you:
-----------------------------
If a monster tries to hit you, the following happens:
1) Any shielding magic around you is evaluated and may prevent the attack.
   (Note: Disruption shield is currently evaluated later on.)
   If this doesn't succeed..
2) your character may dodge. If this doesn't succeed..
3) your character may try to parry with a weapon or block with a shield.
   It will mostly choose the action (either parry or block) where it is more
   proficient, although it won't always be able to use the preferable method
   of those two, and sometimes randomly has to rely on the other one.
   If this doesn't succeed..
4) your armour class is evaluated and might catch the attack, in which case
   you don't take any damage, ie the monster misses you. If this doesn't
   succeed..
5) your character takes damage, but your armour class will at least reduce it.

Note that some attacks can bypass some of those defenses.
More info further below.

Monster is trying to shoot you:
-------------------------------
If a monster tries to shoot you, the following happens:
1) Your character may dodge. If this doesn't succeed..
2) any shielding magic around you is evaluated and may prevent the attack.
   (Note: Disruption shield is currently evaluated later on.)
   If this doesn't succeed..
3) if you have REFLECTION you will try to reflect the shot.
   If this doesn't succeed..
4) your character may try to block the shot with a shield.
   If this doesn't succeed..
5) your character takes damage. Armour class has no effect.

Monster is casting a spell that wounds you:
-------------------------------------------
If a monster casts a spell at you, the following happens:
1) Your character may dodge if it's a bolt spell. If this doesn't succeed..
2) any shielding magic around you is evaluated and may prevent the attack.
   (Note: Disruption shield is currently evaluated later on.)
   If this doesn't succeed..
3) if you have REFLECTION and if the spell is a bolt spell, you will try to
   reflect it. If this doesn't succeed..
4) if it's a bolt spell, your character may try to block it with a shield.
   If it isn't then your character may still try to cover behind a shield.
   If this doesn't succeed..
5) your character takes damage. Armour class has no effect.

For details about parrying and blocking see (6.11).


Armour class:
-------------
Armour class helps you twice:
-It makes monsters miss you more often.
 The more AC the better, it's weighed against the level of the attacking
 monster. If the monster is (heavily) stunned it gets penalties here.
-It reduces the damage if a monster manages to hit you.
 This effect caps at 200 AC.

Monsters can score critical hits which can (depending on the attack type)
result in a cutting or stunning effect against the player.
A monster scores a critical hit if it inflicts a damage which is very close to
its theoretical maximum. Weaker monsters (that don't inflict high amounts of
damage) aren't able to score critical hits at all.
The power of the resulting cut/stun depends on the damage too.
So a high armour class helps a lot, to avoid critical monster hits and to
reduce their power.

Basic monsters (that means before any ego-power such as 'Warrior' or 'Holy'
is applied as in 'Hill troll warrior' or 'Holy 5-headed hydra') have a cap on
melee attacks, which limits their attacks to an _average_ of 700 total damage
points per round (Monsters, depending on their race, can perform up to four
melee attacks each round they can move/act).
Note that the monster may attack for more damage, it's just the averaged value,
the real damage is random and can fluctuate above or below the average.
Wearing armour will further reduce the total average damage you can expect to
take per round from that monster. The cap will be used on the monster's raw
damage output _before_ the player's AC is factored in.
Sanity-draining melee attacks are capped at 55 points of _average_ sanity
damage per _blow_ (not per round).

WARNING: If the monster is an ego-monster (eg the aforementioned 'Warrior'
or 'Holy' ego power) this will modify its damage output _after_ the cap was
applied. That means that some very powerful ego-monsters may deal even more
than cap damage on average per round, although that's very rare.

Note that there are melee attacks that cannot be reduced by armour. It depends
on the way the melee attack is performed. See (5.12) for details.



(5.12) Monster attack types and brands
--------------------------------------
Monsters can strike you with branded attacks, for example acidic hits, or hits
that poison you if you get hit. If you resist the according brand you won't be
affected by it alot, and the overall damage will be reduced. If you're immune
you won't be affected at all and only take a physical part of the damage -
if there is a physical part. This depends on the attack type.
Here is a list of attack types and brands:

Type          Contact/Cut/Stun/Bypasses AC
-------------------------------------------
HIT                               + + + -
PUNCH,KICK,BUTT,CRUSH             + - + -
CLAW, BITE                        + + - -
TOUCH,STING,ENGULF,CHARGE,CRAWL   + - - -
SPIT,                             - - - -
GAZE,WAIL,SPORE,EXPLODE,BEG,      - - - +
INSULT,MOAN,DROOL,SHOW,WHISPER    - - - +

Brand           Needed resistance
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HURT            Only AC - raw damage.
Acd,Ele,Fir,Col according element.
POISON          poison.
BLIND           blindness.
CONFUSE         confusion (or chaos).
TERRIFY         fear.
PARALYZE        free action.
EXP_xx          hold life.
LOSE_xxx        sustain stats.
EAT_xxx         DEX, stealing skill.
                Device of theft prevention.
                Won't help against EAT_FOOD/EAT_LITE.
UN_BONUS        disenchantment.
UN_POWER        none.(drains charges/energy from your items)
                Magic Device skill helps to prevent draining though.
                See (6.10) for more information about the Magic Device skill.
                Also drains the duration of a polymorph ring form the player is
                currently mimicking.
TIME            time.
DISEASE         poison. This attack can also decrease your constitution.
INSANITY        none. (mimics using WEIRD_MIND/EMPTY_MIND form resist slightly)
HALLU           chaos.
PARASITE        <no effect>
DISARM          fighting skill.
                Weapons wielded 2-handely are harder to disarm (stacking).
                Artifacts are also harder to disarm (stacking).
                Heavily cursed items are quite hard to disarm (stacking).
FAMINE          none. Makes you hungry.
SEDUCE          none. Makes you take off equipped items.
SHATTER         hits & causes an earthquake - very dangerous, see (5.13).

Getting hit by higher undead creatures may also infect you with the
Black Breath! (See 1.5 for more information about Black Breath.)


Further, monsters may have one or more spells they can cast. Breathing elements
and shooting or throwing boulders belong to those too (but aren't affected by
anti-magic fields since they aren't 'real spells' but rather physical actions).

Among the monster spells, such as casting bolt or ball spells, teleporting,
healing, trying to blind/scare/confuse/paralyze/slow the player, summoning
other monsters for help, or speeding itself up with a haste-self spell, there
are some particularly special spells that will be explained here in more
detail:

SHRIEK          Not a real spell but a physical action, some monsters can emit
                an aggravating noise that will wake up all nearby monsters and
                even haste those within line-of-sight of the shrieker.
                This can be extremely dangerous and you'll see a light red
                message in the combat message log when a monster shrieks.
                If you have the sound pack installed, you'll also clearly hear
                it, which can help further to react quickly: On shallow levels
                shrieking might not be that bad, but on deep levels it might
                well be reason enough to teleport out instantly.
TRAPS           Again not a spell but nasty nevertheless. The monster casts a
                3x3 'circle' of traps around you, watch where you step.
UNMAGIC         This can be extremely nasty for istari. Unmagic cancels nearly
                all kind of magic effects your character is currently under,
                such as speed from a speed potion and even Disruption Shield.
                This won't affect classes much such as warriors and archers but
                is life-threatening if it neutralizes the Disruption Shield
                of an Istar. (Note: Holy Martyr cannot be cancelled.)
MIND_BLAST      A psionic attack spell that hurts your sanity and can cause
                confusion and hallucinations.
BRAIN_SMASH     A powerful psionic attack spell that hurts your sanity and can
                cause blindness, confusion, paralyzation and slowness.
FORGET          This mind blanking spell will create darkness around you and
                make you forget about some or all of the items you are carrying
                effectively un-identifying them (except for flavoured items).
HOLD            Although not so special and already mentioned in the text above
                this spell is listed because it's a ranged paralyzation spell.
                Ghouls can do this for example, so make sure that you get
                Free Action as early as possible, definitely before venturing
                into Mordor though.



(5.13) Earthquakes
------------------
Earthquakes will cause ceilings to collapse and the ground to shift and crack,
burying items, players and monsters and inflicting a lot of damage.
All fields in a certain radius around the epicentre have a certain chance to
be filled with rocks, to be cleared from previous obstacles (walls) and turn
into empty floor fields, or to remain untouched and unchanged.

Players don't take damage from their 'own' earthquakes, caused by their
equipment or items (weapons of earthquakes, scrolls of *destruction*).

Earthquakes can deal up to 300 damage if you cannot evade the falling rocks
and shifting ground: Depending on the number of unchanged (by the earthquake)
empty fields that are adjacent to your character, there is a chance to 'evade'
and take much less damage or even none at all. Earthquakes can also stun you.

Items will usually be destroyed/lost, only very rarely you'll be able to grab
one before it falls into a chasm and vanishes forever.



(5.14) Curses
-------------
Several items you find will be {cursed}!
Cursed items usually have bad effects that outweigh or dominate their useful
abilities, and you cannot take them off once you equipped them, as long as
the curse isn't broken. Cursed artifacts and ego items are pseudo-id'ed as
{terrible}. Shops won't buy cursed items, they might buy the item after the
curse is broken, however.
If you equip an unidentified item and it carries a curse your character will
notice 'Oops, it feels deadly cold!'.

Note: Instead of dropping an item which curse you have successfully broken,
      you may of course also just outright destroy it with 'k' key instead.
      You cannot destroy artifacts though (for example Rings of Power dropped
      by Nazgul).

There are different types of curses:
CURSED          can be broken by a regular 'remove curse'.
                Item cannot be taken off or destroyed (via 'k' key) until the
                curse is broken.
HEAVY_CURSE     requires a strong '*remove curse*' to be broken.
                Item cannot be removed until the curse is broken.
                On weapons, there is a high chance of resisting disarming.
                See the hint regarding the use of enchant scrolls to break a
                heavy curse instead of using a *rc* scroll, written at the
                bottom of this paragraph!
PERMA_CURSE     This curse can never be broken.
                Item can never be taken off or otherwise removed again!
                Mimics polymorphing into a form that cannot wear the specific
                item won't succeed either.
                There is absolutely no way to get rid of this item. If you
                find a way then you found a bug =).
CURSE_NO_DROP   these items cannot be dropped from inventory as long as the
                curse isn't broken. CURSE_NO_DROP occurs together with
                CURSED or HEAVY_CURSE.
AUTO_CURSE      occurs together with CURSED or HEAVY_CURSE.
                If the curse is broken, AUTO_CURSE items will automatically
                recurse themselves as soon as the item is equipped, taken off,
                or picked up. To get rid of an AUTO_CURSEd item that you don't
                need anymore (d)rop it to the ground after the curse has been
                broken. If you had the item equipped, don't take it off but
                (d)rop it to the ground right from your equipment! Otherwise
                it will recurse itself.
                To drop directly from your equipment, press '/' key at the
                "drop what?" prompt, which will switch to equipment (and back
                to inventory if pressed again).
TY_CURSE        Randomly drains stats sometimes, even if the item is uncursed.
                (TY_CURSE will stay, even if the 'normal' curse is broken!)
                Lowers the items value by 15000 Au.
                This curse will be on hold while you're in a town, and will
                also occur rather rarely while you're on the world surface,
                ie not within a dungeon or tower.
                ("It carries an ancient foul curse.")
DG_CURSE        Rarely summons a random monster on you, even if uncursed.
                (DG_CURSE will stay, even if the 'normal' curse is broken!)
                Greatly lowers the items value by 25000 Au.
                This curse will be on hold while you're in a town.
                ("It carries an ancient morgothian curse.")

If 'CURSED' or 'HEAVY_CURSE' occurs on a weapon or armour piece, the curses
can alternatively be broken by enchanting the item's stats above +0.
Each enchantment of any of their stats (to-hit, to-dam, to-ac) above +0 has
a certain chance to break the curse. This can often be cheaper than buying a
*Remove Curse* scroll for HEAVY_CURSE items.
This is an especially commonly used trick for getting rid of Morgul weapons.
Just pick the stat that is already higher. Example:
A Dagger of Morgul (-33,-15) -> You'd enchant its damage to +0 or higher,
since it requires you to buy less scrolls (15+) than going for to-hit (33+).
If the item you want to enchant is among your equipment instead of your
inventory, press '/' key at the "enchant what?" prompt, which will switch to
equipment (and back to inventory if pressed again).



(5.15) Vampirism
----------------
Weapons and other items that you can equip may be 'vampiric' (see (5.8)),
meaning that they drain life from your target.
Mimics who use a vampire form and players of 'Vampire' race will also get a
vampiric 'brand' on their melee attacks (see (6.7)).

Vampiric life draining heals you with a part of the damage you afflicted on
your target, almost each hit! The more damage you deal and the more attacks per
round you have, the more life you will leech back. There's a maximum amount of
HP which you can leech from a victim per round, but this cap isn't really
reached until your character deals quite a lot of damage, remember:
Leeching is based on a fraction of your damage dealt.

Vampirism does not work on all types of monsters. From some it is not possible
to drain life force. Those immune to vampirism are:
- undead monsters
- nonliving monsters
- in general, all elementals ('E'), golems ('g') and vortices ('v').
Although demons and angels don't really 'live', vampirism is able to drain
the powers that allow them to exist, and so vampirism works against those too.

The best case is to have vampiric flag on a weapon, that will drain at maximum
efficiency. However, it will only drain if you hit the monster with that
particular weapon.
If you use other vampiric equipment, like gloves, they will be a bit less
efficient than an actual vampiric weapon, meaning that you will leech less
frequently (the amount of leeched life per hit is not penalized though) but in
turn it will work with any weapon you use (ranged too).
For ranged weapons it doesn't matter whether the bow or the ammunition is
vampiric. It won't increase your over all life leeching if both are vampiric
either.

Note that vampirism gained from mimicked forms only works on melee combat.
Vampires (real ones as well as mimicked ones) usually only are half efficient
at vampiric leeching, compared to vampiric weapons, due to half of vampires'
attacks being normal hits and the other half being biting (which does the
actual leeching).

In general, vampiric flags don't stack from multiple sources! Just the source
that fits the situation best (usually weapon/ammo) overrides the weaker ones
(usually non-weapons). Here is a table of priority - as was just explained,
only the most powerful source is applied, the rest is ignored:

Vampirism source priority table (from best at the top to worst at the bottom)
The best source overrides all weaker ones, which simply get ignored:
| Melee                               | Ranged                              |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Weapon                     100%     | Shooter                    100%     |
| Vampire bat/mist form      100%     | Ammunition                 100%     |
| Vampire character race      50%     |                                     |
| Other vampiric forms        50%     |                                     |
| Non-weapons (gloves)        50%     | Non-weapons (gloves)        33%     |



(5.16) Invisibility
-------------------
Invisibility on monsters is binary, either they are invisible or they aren't.
For players it depends:
-Invisibility from spells has a certain power shown in the spell's info.
-Invisibility from items uses 4/5 of the player's level for power
 (player level is capped at 50).
-Invisiblity from monster form (mimicry users) is similar to invisibility from
 items, except that its power is the average of monsterlevel/2 and playerlevel,
 with monsterlevel capping at 100 and playerlevel capping at 50.
Invisibility powers from different sources do not stack, the best one overrides
the weaker ones.
Some items that grant invisibility also have +mods on them (for example '+3'),
these don't affect the invisibility itself, but are usually just an extra
+stealth bonus or some completely different kind of bonus that item also
happens to grant (use *Identify* to find out).

The actual effect invisibility has on gameplay will also be affected by player
and monster level, the ability to see invisible, and shadow cloaks, as follows
here:

A player who is invisible is harder to spot for monsters in the way that they
only have a certain chance to see the player on each turn, making them move
erratically instead of directly targetting the player. This also helps against
casters, archers or breathers who won't be able to target you as well (often)
as they usually could. Your invisibility power is continously compared to the
monster's level, causing an internal 'dice roll' that determines whether or not
the monster will see you on each turn.

Being invisible costs your body a lot of effort, resulting in getting hungry
quickly.

Invisibility won't work at all on monsters that are..
        -invisible too.
        -game bosses (Sauron, Morgoth, Zu-Aon).
        -Dragonriders, they have ESP.
        -nonliving monsters with empty mind (not using optical senses).
        -able to see through the rogue-specific 'cloaking' ability,
         see the cloaking command description in (0.2) for a list.

All other monsters are randomly affected by the player's invisibility,
meaning that they will only sometimes be able to spot him (they will see the
player kind of 'flickering').
The closer a monster is, the better its chances to spot the player.
Some monsters have better chances to spot the player, depending on
        -distance to the player,
        -level of the player (higher level = harder to spot),
        -monster class (Dragons, demons, undead, animals, never sleeping
                        monsters and smart monsters are better at it;
                        orcs, trolls, stupid monsters are worse),
        -the vision power of the monster,
        -the level of the monster,
        -player carrying a light source, doubles the chance of spotting him,
        -player wearing an aggravating item, further triples the chance.

Invisibility also affects other players:
If another player is invisible and of higher level than you..
        -you can see him if you can see invisible and he's not wearing a
         shadow cloak;
        -otherwise he'll be completely invisible to you.
If another player is invisible and not of higher level than you..
        -you can see him easily if you can see invisible and he's not wearing
         a shadow cloak;
        -you see him 'flicker' if you lack seeing invisible or if he's wearing
         a shadow cloak (or both). He will fade in and out of your sight.
         If you want to look at his equipment with the  '  key, then you'll
         need some timing, might take several tries.
Invisibility (on players) overrides ESP. So it does help in a (blood bond)
duel even if the opponent has ESP.

The effect of invisibility is greatly reduced in PvP (you cannot become
completely invisible even if your level is higher than the other player) but
still gives a slight edge.


Cloaking:
---------
The ability to cloak themselves is exclusive to rogues and automatically
acquired at level 15. This will effectively render them invisible, but it is in
fact NOT the "Invisibility" that has been described above.
Cloaking overrides any detection mechanism, a cloaked player can only be seen
by party members, certain special monsters, or while the cloaking is weakened
because the cloaked player performed certain (noisy) actions.
See (0.2) for more information about cloaking.



(5.17) How abilities, resistances and boni stack
------------------------------------------------
(Also see (5.6) for basic information about damaage types and resistances.)

The same resistance from two or more items in your equipment don't add to each
other. For example you only need one item that provides fire resistance. If
you equip two such items you won't get better resistance than with just one
item. You cannot get "double resistance" from two items' permanent resistances.
This rule applies to all resistances and abilities that don't use a bonus
number to indicate their effectiveness, like faster mana replenishing or hit
point regeneration, telepathic powers, slow digestion, etc.

However, there is a way to further increase your resistances temporarily:
(NOTE: THIS ONLY APPLIES FOR BASE (fire/cold/acid/elec) AND POISON RESISTANCE!)

Use an item that provides some temporary resistance. Temporary resistance and
permanent (such from your equipment) resistance stack and their effects are
multiplied! For example if you wear a shield of resist fire and you quaff a
potion of resist heat you'll have double fire resistance as long as the potion
lasts, resulting in fire damage being cut down to 1/9 instead of 1/3! This is
nearly as good as having fire immunity. (1/3 perm res * 1/3 temp res =
1/9 total res).
Not only potions can boost your resistances temporarily, some items can also
be activated for temporary resistance, for example cloaks of lordly resistance
or elemental protection rings or certain artifacts.

Stat increases or ability increases that are not 'flags' (flag means you either
have it or you don't) but that use bonus numbers will add to each other.
For example an orcish shield (+2) that increases your strength by +2 and a
kolla (+1) which also increases your strength (just by +1) will add up and
your character's strength will be increased by +3 in total!
Same goes for IV (Infra-Vision), luck, extra attacks, speed, etc.

There are some abilities which are not flags although they might look like it.
In fact, they add up / stack. Those are:
-Extra shots (concerning ranged weapons)
-Extra might (concerning ranged weapons)
-Drain mana ('Drains your magic'. Note that 'mana regeneration' (also called
 mana-charging) does NOT stack. So it can cancel out the effect of only ONE
 item that drains mana, not of any more). See (4.11a) for more information.
-Drain hit points ('Drains your health'. note that 'regeneration' does NOT
 stack, so it can cancel out the effect of only ONE item that drains hit
 points, not of any more. However, the 'Health' skill is able to further
 increase your regeneration rate). See (4.11a) for more information.
-Drain experience ('Drains your life force'). See (4.11a) for more information.
-Extra light radius



(5.18) Monster auras
--------------------
Some monsters have auras of flashing lightning, freezing cold or furious
flames surrounding them! If a player engages such foes in close combat, each
time he lands a blow the aura will retaliate, dealing lightning / cold / fire
damage depending on the aura type. Some monsters even have multiple auras.
The damage of such auras may be significant. Especially important is the fact,
that the faster a player hits a monster, the more he will suffer from its
auras.

The damage an aura deals is decided by a dice roll:
[1 + (monsterlevel/26)] d [1 + (monsterlevel / 17)]

Example:
A warrior of level 30 is fighting a storm giant. The storm giant has an aura
of lightning surrounding him. The warrior is able to deal 6 blows per round
with his current weapon. The warrior has a source of permanent lightning
resistance (elvenkind armour), he lacks potions of resistance or lightning
immunity though. This means:

Storm giant has monster level 35 (assumed the warrior encounters him on
dungeon level 35), so his lightning aura will inflict 2d3 damage each hit.
The warrior has lightning resistance, so the damage will be cut down to 1/3,
which is 1 or 2.
Since the warrior has 6 bpr, he will suffer between 6 and 12 (6*1 and 6*2)
damage per turn while hitting the storm giant.



(5.19) Experience-draining items
--------------------------------
Some items, such as randart rings of power (dropped by Nazgul) drain your
experience points permanently. Here are some details about that process:
-Experience drain from multiple items stacks, although it doesnt add in a
 linear way. So, wearing two rings of power won't drain twice as fast as one,
 but about 1,5x as fast.
-Experience drain is not temporary, so it cannot be restored by potions of
 restore life levels. To make up for it, you'll have to kill monsters..faster.
-Experience drain won't go further than the experience you need at least to
 maintain your current character level. If you reach that experience border,
 experience drain will stop, even if you still have the items equipped.
 So you will not lose levels from experience drain.
 HOWEVER: If a monster or other effect drains your experience below your
 current level, the experience drain from items will kick in again!
-Experience drain will happen much slower if you're on the world surface,
 ie not inside a dungeon or tower.
-Experience drain will completely hold while you're in a town, so you can just
 take any time you want for shopping or sitting out blacklists, without losing
 any experience at all.



(5.20) Monster loot types
-------------------------
Different monsters drop different types of loot. For example mages will usually
drop more potions and scrolls, while fighters tend to drop more weapons and
armour.

There are four loot classes for monsters:

 -Combat:
  Weapons, armour (except boots), shields, ammunition.

 -Treasure:
  Chests, rings, amulets, dragon scale mails, crowns.

 -Magic:
  Mage staves, wands, staves, rods, runes, potions, scrolls, books, parchments.

 -Tools:
  Boots, cloaks, diggers, light sources, flints, food, flasks, trap kits,
  spikes, climbing sets, picklocks, money belts, devices of theft prevention,
  tarpaulins, mummy wrappings.

And a 'hidden' 5th class:

 -Junk (rest chance, not covered by the above four categories):
  Skeletons/bones, bottles, shards of pottery, broken sticks, firestones,
  golem parts.

Example: 'Green naga'.
A Green naga has 25% chance of dropping 'Combat' loot and 65% chance of
dropping 'Tools' loot. The remaining 10% chance translates to 'Junk' drops.



(5.21) Digging
--------------
Your chance to successfully tunnel through an obstacle depends on the obstacle
and your 'digging power'.

If you're not interested in the exact formula, skip down to (5.21b) which has a
table  with example values for certain scenarios.


(5.21a) Digging - Exact calculation
-----------------------------------
Your digging power is calculated as follows:
An equipped item that provides (+X) to digging will add 20*X.
If you have a digging tool equipped, its weight is added (eg 25.0 lb -> +25).
If the digging tool is enchanted to hit or to damage, those values are added.
The power value so far is now multiplied by a value between 1 and 2, depending
on your 'Digging' skill (see (6.2)). If the skill is 0, the multiplier is 1, if
it's 50, the multiplier is 2. Otherwise the value is linearly inbetween.
After that, a bonus is added depending on your strength:
Ranging from +0 at 3 over +10 at 18/10, +50 at 18/110 up to +100 at 18/***.

If you don't have a digging tool equipped, your total digging power is halved.

If your resulting final digging power is zero, then it is set to 1, so you
always have at least a tiny chance of digging through the weaker materials
that have a +0 difficulty (see table below).

To successfully dig through certain features, your digging power must be
greater than the result of a random number roll "random(0..x-1) + y":
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Rubble      200 +  0
Ivy         200 +  0
Bushes      300 +  0
Dead trees  300 +  0
Trees       400 +  0
Sandwalls   250 +  5
Magma       400 + 10
Quartz      800 + 20
Granite    1600 + 40
The +y is a fixed value that gets added to the random roll of (0..x-1), the
sum of this is what you have to overcome with your digging power value.
For example you cannot successfully tunnel through quartz if you don't
have at least 21 digging power, since you have to overcome the +20.

Example: If you have 21 digging power and try to dig into quartz you'll have to
be very lucky and hope for the random(0..799) roll for quartz to actually be a
0 so that the result will be 0+20 which is 20 and therefore smaller than your
digging power of 21. So on each turn of tunnelling your chance to succeed would
be 1 in 800 in that case.


(5.21b) Digging - Common example values
---------------------------------------
Some example values, assuming 0.000 'Digging' skill
and unenchanted (ie (+0,+0)) digging tools with (+1) to digging:
----------------------------------------------------------------
-You always have a chance to remove rubble and organic material, even without
 a digging tool. Might take quite a while if your strength is low though.
-You cannot tunnel through granite wall without a digging tool if your STRength
 is below 18/180.
-You cannot tunnel through quartz without a digging tool if your STRength is
 below 18/100.
-You cannot tunnel through granite with a shovel if your STRength is
 below 18/30.
-You cannot tunnel through granite with a pick if your STRength is
 below 12.
-You can tunnel through all other materials with just a basic shovel even if
 your STRength is only 3.
 (For quartz, you have a 3% chance to succeed at 18/50 STR with the shovel
  and at 18/10 STR with a pick. If you use an enchanted shovel (+9,+9) (+1)
  however, you already have a 3% chance to succeed at only 5 STR.)

You can tunnel through all tunneable materials, no matter your strength, with..
-a (+1) shovel that has +hit and +dam enchanted to a total of at least +15.
-a (+1) pick that has +hit and +dam enchanted to a total of at least +6.
-any (+2) digging tool or better (except if it has negative +hit/+dam values).


(5.21c) Digging - Further information
-------------------------------------
For digging through granite wall without having to wait for ages to succeed,
you will definitely want a better digging tool than basic shovels or picks.
For example ones 'of Digging', a magical ego power for digging tools.
Or higher level diggers such as gnomish, orcish or dwarven diggers or mattocks,
which have a higher base digging bonus that just (+1).

Tunnelling into walls that are actually secret doors will be treated as if
you were 'searching' instead of tunnelling. You cannot find secret doors in
permanent (aka non-tunneable) walls this way though, such as mountains.
Tunnelling into known doors will just try to open them instead.
If a door is stuck, you will want to 'B'ash it instead of tunnelling, since
you cannot just open stuck doors the normal way.

Tunnelling might reveal special floor features, items or gold (walls that are
displayed as a '*' symbol will reveal cash worth of gems or precious metal, but
those walls might not always show it until you use 'Treasure Detection' or
'Treasure Location' magic), see 'Digging' skill in (6.2) for details.
Also see (3.4a) for more information on digging tool mods.

If you haven't got a digging tool equipped, or if it's just a basic shovel (+1)
then wielding a sword or especially an axe can work as pseudo-digger when you
want to hack down organic material such as trees, bushes, ivy or spider webs.
(Dual-wielding does not help, so two swords/axes can't dig better than just
one. Wielding a 1.5-handed weapon in only 1 hand will decrease your digging
chance though, so take off your shield for best results.)



(5.22) Recharging
-----------------
While electricity or disenchantment based attacks may deplete magic devices,
they can usually also be magically recharged when necessary.
Wands and staves will need to be actively recharged by the player when depleted
while rods and other magic devices (jewelry, artifacts, special ego-powered
items) will automatically recharge themselves over time, displaying 'charging'
label or just '#' if the item name is very long and there's not enough space.


Recharging can be done via shop service, a scroll, another magic device or a
magic spell. Devices that can be recharged are:

-Wands
-Staves
-Rods
-Certain jewelry (eg elemental rings)
-Some artifacts
-Items that possess certain activatable ego-powers (eg weapons of fury)

For wands and staves recharging will replenish their charges, while for the
other item types recharging will reduce their 'charging' delay.

Note: Rings of polymorphing cannot be recharged.


When an item is recharged the result depends on the method of recharging and
the item's base type level. For wands and staves it also depends on the current
amount of charges in the device: To minimize the risk of a failure you should
only recharge wands and staves that are already fully depleted ie have zero
charges left.
In general, higher recharge power and lower base item level result in...
 -lower chance for the recharge process to fail,
 -chance for gaining a higher amount of charges replenished.

If unlucky, recharging may result in a failure. Even when recharging at highest
magic spell level there is still a very slim chance for a failure to occur.
While a failed recharge may drain rods even further, wands and staves may
either just get their charges depletes or they may even blow up completely,
depending on your (bad) luck.
So only recharge those when they are already fully depleted to minimize that
risk.


Means of recharging:
-Scrolls            (60 power)
-Thingol artifact   (60..100 power, depending on magic device skill)
-Shop service       (80 power)
-Magic spell        (10..150 power)
-Rune spell         (80..100 power)

The power determines both, the chance of succeeding in recharging the item and
the degree of recharging done to the item.


Staves and wands 'of plenty' will receive about twice as many charges from
recharging (with the risk of breaking remaining unchanged) so look out for
those!

If you try to recharge a whole stack of devices in one go, the risk for it to
fail is actually the same as if you recharged just a single item.
You will get the amount of charges replenished to every single magic device in
the stack, at a slight rate of diminishing returns.
In other words: Recharging stacks is okay, it can save you a lot of scrolls of
recharging, just don't go too crazy with the stacks size.



(5.23) Wraithform
-----------------
Wraithform, or "pass wall" form is a character state obtained from the spell
"Wraithform" (Udun school) or from certain items (either spectral weapons or
items that give permanent wraithform: "It renders you incorporeal").
It allows a character to pass through solid walls easily, but at the same time
prevents them from attacking anything else in close combat, except if the
target is also able to pass walls (ie possesses wraitform too, or is actually
a ghost or other monster that can pass through walls).
Also, spells cast while in wraithform will only deal half as much damage as
usual.

Items that provide wraithform are:
-Spectral weapons ('A' to activate them for temporary wraithform).
-Ethereal Dragon Scale Mail and Death Dragon Scale Mail (just wear it and you
 obtain wraithform until you take it off again).

There is a confirmation message when using the Wraithform spell:
"You turn into a wraith!" when you attain wraithform.
"You lose your wraith powers." when your wraithform runs out.

Wraithform is very powerful since it allows you to move around the dungeon
without having to follow its room/passages structure, making it easy to pick
encounters or loot items you detected on the ground via detection magic,
and to escape dangerous situations easily (just retreat into walls).



(6) Character details
=====================
(6.1) Attributes
----------------
Characters have six 'attributes', also called 'stats', which are strength,
intelligence, wisdom, dexterity, constitution and charisma.
These depend on your race and class and the stat assignments you did during
character creation process.

Stats are displayed as values from 3 (minimum) to 18.
(Note: This can be changed in TomeNET options, press key =1 and toggle
'linear_stats' option. It is recommended to keep the traditional way though,
which represents the D&D system of throwing three 6-sided dice to determine a
stat).

Certain effects can drain stats, for example unresisted fire or cold damage can
drain your strength, unresisted lightning damage your dexterity, unresisted
acid damage your charisma. Also many monsters have stat-draining attacks.
Traps can also drain your stats, some temporarily and some permanently.
If a stat is drained and can be restored it will be displayed in yellow.
In that case buy a potion for restoring that particular stat from town store 5
provided it is not out of stock in which case you'll have to wait a bit or go
to another town. Maybe the stat drain isn't even that important to you and you
save your money for the time being.
Some traps can permanently drain a stat, in which case it gets lowered but
remains green instead of turning yellow. In this case a stat restoring potion
has no effect, instead you'll need a "stat potion" that increases a stat
permanently (up to a certain limit depending on class/race).

It is possible to gain even higher stats, those will be displayed as 18/xxx
where xxx is roughly the value above 18 multiplied by 10 (to allow fractions).
Examples:
18/10 is like 19 (ie 18+1).
18/120 is like 30 (ie 18+12).
18/47 is like 22. The fraction 0.7 is not factoring into actual gameplay.

If you quaffed the maximum of "stat potions" (potions raising your stats), the
maxed out attribute will be displayed in light umber.
An attribute is maxed out at 18/100 +/- racial/class modifiers.
Examples:
Human Adventurer has 18/100 + 0 + 0 = 18/100 cap for all stats, see (6.4) for
race boni and (6.5) for class boni.
Draconian Istar has an intelligence cap of 18/100 + 2 (Draconian) + 3
(Istar) = 18/150.

Stats can be raised over the character's cap by equipment. The total possible
maximum of an attribute is always 18/220 (40), which is displayed as 18/***.

Strength (STR)
    -How heavy may your weapon, bow or shield be? You can't fight with a
     weapon that is too heavy for you.
    -How heavy may your armour be? You will lose mana, boni or combat abilties
     if it's too heavy for you.
    -How much damage do you inflict on enemies in melee combat? (to-mdam bonus)
    -Are you able to deliver several blows per round with your weapon?
     (For details, also see (6.5).)
    -How much can you carry in your backpack without getting slowed down?
    -How easily you can bash doors open.
    -How far you can throw items.
    -Allows you to try hard to swim and not drown in deep water.
    -How easily you can dig.
Intelligence (INT)
    -Has influence on your mana pool size. (class-dependant)
    -How well can you cast spells that use INT to determine failure rate?
    -Has influence on your magic device handling skill.
    -Has influence on your trap-disarming ability.
    -Do you notice if someone tries to steal from you?
    Also see (6.10) for more information about the 'Magic Device' skill.
Wisdom (WIS)
    -How well can you cast priest prayers or other spells that use WIS to
     determine failure rate?
    -Has influence on your mana pool size. (class-dependant)
    -How well can you resist malicious influences like poison, paralyzation,
     or confusion? (Means, your Saving Throw is depending on your WIS.)
    -Wisdom directly increases your sanity. Be careful! If you're very low on
     sanity taking off a +wisdom item can mean your death, in case your sanity
     drops to 0 by taking off the item.
Dexterity (DEX)
    -Has positive influence on your armour class and on your chance to hit
     enemies, also quite important for ranged weapons to-hit chance.
    -How well can you steal (from shops)? (A high DEX won't help much if your
     'Stealing' skill is zero by the way ;)
    -Are you able to deliver several blows per round with your weapon?
     (For details, also see (6.5).)
    -How likely are items or money stolen from you?
    -Can you prevent getting stunned from bashing a door clumsily?
    -Allows you to try hard to swim and not drown in deep water.
    -Has influence on your trap-disarming ability.
Constitution (CON)
    -How many HP (hit points) do you have? Very essential.
     Note that CON effect caps depending on your character level. Roughly:
     At level 20 you can't utilize more than 18/60 CON. That means even if
     you raise your constitution above that value, your Hit Points won't
     increase as long as your character is level 20.
     At level 30, CON cap is 18/130, at level 40 it's 18/190, and at level
     45 and higher the full CON bonus is utilized for determining Hit Points.
    -Also reduces the duration of poisonous effects on you.
    -Reduces drowning (also for aquatic forms outside of water) effects.
Charisma (CHR)
    -Do you get good prices in shops? :)
     Note that shop prices also depend on racial preferences of the
     shopkeepers vs their customers. It is said, that Half-Trolls have an
     especially hard time.
    -Allows you to resist getting seduced.



(6.2) Skills, opposed skills
----------------------------
If you rise in character levels by gaining experience, you also get skill
points to distribute on various abilities. To invoke the skill system overview
press 'G' (capital G!).
If you make a mistake while distributing skill points, look up the /undoskills
command in (0.2). "/undoskills" can only be used once per level.


Skills of dark grey colour cannot be used by your character at all.
Skills that are light grey are just dummy skills that serve for organizing
other skills in paragraphs.
Skills coloured orange can be used by your character, but are currently still
at zero.
Skills that your character can train and that have already been increased above
zero will change from orange to white.
Skills that have reached their maximum possible value and therefore cannot be
increased any further are displayed in light blue.

You can collapse/expand blocks of subskills by pressing RETURN key while having
selected the parent skill of that block. Useful for example for collapsing
whole blocks of skills that you cannot or don't want to use anyway.


Here is a list of the available skills and brief explanations to each one:
Note that not every skill is available to every profession (class).

+Combat                         Lets you wear heavier armour without mana
                                points penalty.
                                Lets you wear heavier armour without losing
                                dodge chance, or other roguish abilities like
                                boni from dual-wielding, critical-strike,
                                area-searching and cloaking.
                                Lets you wear heavier armour without getting
                                a penalty to to-hit or sneakiness
                                (See (5.5) for details about encumberment.)

                                Ability to pseudo-ID items: You can sense
                                if items are terrible, worthless, cursed,
                                average, good, excellent or special.
                                At the beginning you will only feel 'cursed'
                                or 'good'.
                                Raise combat skill to at least 11 to get
                                more distinctive feelings about melee weapons
                                and armour.
                                A powerful combattant (combat 31) senses the
                                usefulness of ranged weapons and ammunition
                                more distinctively, even if (s)he's not
                                knowledgeable in archery otherwise.
                                A very powerful one (combat 41) can also
                                roughly estimate usefulness of magical items.
                                The further you train Combat, the faster you
                                will pseudo-id items.

                                Increases Fear/Stun/Confuse duration of the
                                target (if attacking causes those).
                                Reduces Fear/Stun/Confuse durations that you
                                suffer from.
                                Increases 'Fighting' and 'Bows/Throws'
                                abilities, thereby increasing your chance to
                                hit with melee, ranged weapons and when
                                throwing an item.

                                If your Combat skill isn't zero, then you can
                                press 'm' to check your base chance of
                                parrying (weapon) and blocking (shield), see
                                (6.11) for more details about parry/block.

    +Weaponmastery              Improves your Fighting ability.
                                Slightly increases melee to-dam and to-hit for
                                armed combat. Increases your chance to score
                                critical hits in armed combat (Note: The skill
                                'Critical-Strike' has much more effect.)
                                Weaponmastery will also increase your parry
                                chance a good deal (see (6.11) for details).

        +Sword-mastery          Greatly improves to-dam/to-hit with swords.
                                At 25 and 50 you will get +1 blow per round
                                while having a sword equipped.

            .Critical-strike    Increases your chance to score hits of
                                extremely high damage. This skill improves
                                the chance to score critical hits and adds
                                to critical-hit bonus from your equipment.

                                NOTES ABOUT CRITICAL-STRIKE SKILL:
                                Critical-strike skill only helps light swords,
                                not heavier than 10.0 lb., while critical-hits
                                items will work with all weapons.
                                Also, Critical-strike skill will not give you
                                any benefits if your armour is so heavy that
                                you get a flexibility warning (compare (5.5)).

                                NOTES ABOUT CRITICAL HITS IN GENERAL:
                                You can always score critical hits,
                                independent on weapon class and crit-skill.
                                Martial artists can score critical hits too,
                                although the Critical-Strike skill won't do
                                anything for them (it only helps light SWORDS
                                not heavier than 10.0 lb).
                                The probability to land a critical hit will be
                                small though, if you don't have +critical hit
                                items or this skill to help out. Critical hit
                                bonus on items counts slightly more than the
                                skill.
                                Crit boni on weapons only apply to the weapon
                                itself, while bonus on other items such as
                                gloves or rings count for all kind of attacks.
                                For weapon users, the weight of their weapon
                                affects their critical hits:
                                If your weapon is lighter than 10.0 lb, your
                                chances to score a critical hit will further
                                increase.
                                Above 10.0 lb, the chance to hit your target
                                critically won't be worse than with a 10.0 lb
                                weapon.
                                Although your chance of hitting critical spots
                                is better with lighter weapons, the damage of
                                your critical strike -IF you manage to execute
                                one- is higher if your weapon is heavier
                                (in detail: the crit class is more likely
                                to be higher for heavier weapons).

        .Axe-mastery            See Sword-mastery

        .Blunt-mastery          See Sword-mastery

        .Polearm-mastery        See Sword-mastery

        .Combat Stances         Allows you to switch between one of three types
                                of combat stance. You need to wield a weapon to
                                use stances, certain restrictions apply and are
                                explained further below.

                                This ability cannot be trained, but it is
                                increased automatically each time your
                                character gains a level.
                                If you attain the status of King, Queen,
                                Emperor or Empress and are at least level 45,
                                you will learn an additional royal rank version
                                of each stance, which is the most powerful
                                version. If you die and lose your title, you
                                won't be able to use the stance either.
                                Only warriors, mimics, paladins and rangers
                                can learn certain stances.
                                On certain skill levels, you will learn a new
                                rank of a stance. A higher ranked stance
                                features more of its benefits and/or less of
                                its drawbacks.

                                Press 'm' to enter one of the combat stances
                                you have learned. You will learn a couple of
                                ranks of three basic combat stances, when you
                                reach a certain character level i.e. skill.
                                Each stance has advantages and disadvantages,
                                those are:

                                Balanced stance  - the default, no boni/mali.

                                Defensive stance - you will block more,
                                                 - intercept less often,
                                                 - deal less damage.
                                                 Note: You can use it even
                                                 without shield - in that case
                                                 your chance of parrying is
                                                 increased instead of blocking.

                                Offensive stance - you can stun opponents
                                                   (compare (4.12)),
                                                 - intercept more often,
                                                 - parry and dodge less often,
                                                 - get an AC penalty same as
                                                   for being in 'fury'.
                                                 Note: You must wield a weapon
                                                 that is not too small to be
                                                 gripped with both hands
                                                 (COULD2H, SHOULD2H, MUST2H).

        .Dual-Wield             The ability to wield two weapons at once. This
                                ability cannot be trained, it's always at 1.000
                                if your character's class can dual-wield, else
                                at zero. (So it's basically a switch.)
                                Classes that are able to dual-wield are
                                warriors, rangers and rogues.
                                Note that both weapons must be 1-handed.
                                1,5- or 2-handed weapons cannot be used.

                                Dual-wielding will give you additional parry
                                chance as well as a blows/round bonus
                                (see (6.11) for details about parrying), and of
                                course your character will gain all magical
                                boni from both weapons (such as resistances).

                                NOTE: If your armour is too heavy (see (5.5))
                                then you won't receive any bonus and your
                                second weapon will actually be ignored as if
                                you didn't wield it at all ie you won't gain
                                any resistances/abilities/whatever from it.

                                In combat, a coin is flipped for each blow you
                                deal, determining randomly which weapon will
                                be used for that particular hit.

                                To avoid confusion: If you use weapons with
                                different blows/round, their bpr will get
                                averaged, and rounded up, then bpr bonus for
                                dual-wielding is added.
                                Example: 4bpr & 5bpr = 4.5bpr rounded to 5bpr.
                                +1 bonus bpr for dual-wielding -> 6bpr total.

                                By pressing 'm' you can disable/reenable
                                dual-wield mode.
                                While disabled ('Main-Hand mode') you will just
                                attack with your primary weapon exclusively,
                                and not receive any dual-wield specific boni;
                                this can be useful if it deals much more damage
                                than your secondary weapon.
                                You still gain all magical boni from both
                                weapons while in main-hand mode, as usual.
                                While enabled ('Dual-hand mode') you will
                                attack with both weapons, picked randomly.

    .Martial Arts               Ability to fight with bare hands.
                                Slightly raises your character speed.
                                Slightly increases your Dodging skill.
                                Increases your chance of intercepting an enemy.
                                Lets you attack with special combat styles.
                                You get +1 extra attack at 1,10,20,30,40,45,50
                                each, so up to +7 blows per round in total.
                                At 10 you receive Feather Falling (Levitation).
                                At 15 your character gets fear resistance.
                                At 20 your character gets confusion resistance.
                                Gives you 'Free Action' (immunity to paralysis)
                                at skill level 25.
                                At 30 you're able to swim without problems.
                                At 40 your movement is perfected enough to
                                cross even highest mountains.
                                At 50 a martial artist will learn the
                                technique of flying!

                                The dice of martial arts special moves
                                (which your character will use automatically
                                depending on your MA skill) are affected by
                                elemental brands, but slightly less than
                                normal weapons (2/3 as much).

                                Under certain conditions MA abilities cannot
                                be used and lose their effect. About this and
                                for more information about Martial Arts in
                                general, see (5.4)!

    .Interception               Ability to interfere with adjacent enemies.
                                Can prevent them from teleporting, casting,
                                summoning, running away.

                                The chance to intercept an enemy is
                                (2 * interception) + (martial_arts_skill / 2)
                                - (enemy_level / 3).
                                Example: Chance to intercept summoning of the
                                Balrog of Moria with maxed interception is
                                (2*50) + 0 - (50/3) = 84% base. Now since it's
                                spellcasting it's reduced to 75%: 84%*75%=63%.
                                For Morgoth it's (2*50)+0-(100/3) = 67% base.
                                To intercept his spells it's 75% of 67% = 50%!
                                (A maxed out martial artist would have 69%.)
                                Note that this formula shows that interception
                                is actually not that useful if you don't keep
                                it at the maximum possible value all the time.
                                Note: Enemy level means 'rlevel' (see (0.4)).

                                Interception chance is recuded by 2/3 while
                                you are blind.
                                You aren't able to intercept while you are
                                stunned, confused, paralyed, resting, cloaked
                                or shadow running (compare (4.11)).
                                Player ghosts cannot intercept either.

                                Interception chances also depend on what the
                                enemy is trying to do. Certain actions are
                                harder to intercept, those reduce the chance
                                further, to..
                                100%    for shooting (except for missiles or
                                        rockets, see below)
                                 85%    for running (fleeing / stepping back)
                                 75%    for casting a spell / summoning
                                 50%    for teleporting / phasing (blinking)
                                Some abilities cannot be intercepted:
                                Shrieking, unmagic, shooting missiles/rockets,
                                throwing boulders, breathing.

                                Interception chance caps at 80% (cap is
                                applied after all other penalties have been
                                factored in, at the very end of calculation).

    +Archery                    Improves ranged to-damage bonus.
                                Allows you to learn some shooting techniques
                                and the ability to create ammunition,
                                accessible via 'm', see (6.12) for details.
                                Increases your chance to score critical hits.
                                At 20 the quality of your handmade ammunition
                                becomes remarkably better.
                                50 in archery grants +1 'extra might',
                                increasing your launcher's multiplier by 1.

                                Lets you pseudo-id ranged weapons and
                                ammunition more often the higher the skill.
                                If increased to at least 11, pseudo-id will
                                give you much more distinctive feelings about
                                the items. Before that, you can only
                                distinguish between cursed and good.

                                NOTE: The extra might bonus does not apply
                                to Boomerangs! All other boni do apply.

        .Sling-mastery          Increases hit chance (while using a sling).
                                At 10,20,30,40,50 you will get +1 additional
                                shot per round each (while using a sling).
                                Also reduces the chance of your ammunition to
                                shatter by up to 90% at 50. (Example:
                                a shot that usually has 10% chance of breaking
                                will only have a 1% chance of breaking if your
                                skill is at 50.000.)
                                (only concerns ammo for slings).

                                Adds chance for your shots to ricochet, even
                                multiple times, hitting multiple enemies.
                                Note that magic and ethereal ammo fades away
                                the moment it hits, and never ricochets.

                                Note that the explosion of exploding ammo will
                                still hit "reflecting" monsters.

                                Artifact ammunition never breaks.

        .Bow-mastery            At 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 you will get +1 extra
                                shot per round each.
                                Otherwise same as Sling-mastery, except no
                                ricochetting.

        .Crossbow-mastery       At 25 and 50 you will get +1 extra shot AND
                                +1 extra-might-bonus each.
                                Otherwise same as Sling-mastery, except no
                                ricochetting.

    .Boomerang-mastery          At 16.6, 33.3 and 50 you get +1 extra throw
                                each. Boomerang-mastery also increases ranged
                                to-damage bonus while using a boomerang, and
                                reduces the chance of a boomerang to break or
                                to fall to the ground instead of returning.

                                Artifact boomerangs never break or fall down.

<< For more information about learning spells, see (6.8)
   Most spells will increase in power in one way or the other when you increase
   their school skill. Often their failure rate decreases, too. >>

+Magic                          Increases your mana capacity.
                                Lets you pseudo-id magic items, potions and
                                scrolls faster the higher your skill is.
                                If 'Magic' is at least at 11 points, you will
                                get more distinctive feelings from pseudo-id,
                                before that you only sense 'good' or 'cursed'.

    +Magic Schools
        .Sorcery                Learn to use spells of ALL magic schools at
                                once, instead of training a particular branch!
        .Mana                   Learn spells of the Mana branch.
        .Fire                   Learn spells of the Fire branch.
        .Water                  Learn spells of the Water branch.
        .Air                    Learn spells of the Air branch.
        .Earth                  Learn spells of the Earth branch.
        .Nature                 Learn spells of the Nature branch.
        .Conveyance             Learn spells of the Conveyance branch.
        .Divination             Learn spells of the Divination branch.
        .Temporal               Learn spells of the Temporal branch.
        .Udun                   Learn spells of the Udun branch.
        .Mind                   Learn spells of the Mind branch.
        .Meta                   Learn spells of the Meta branch.

    +Prayer Schools
        .Holy Offense           Learn prayers of the Holy Offense branch.
        .Holy Defense           Learn prayers of the Holy Defense branch.
        .Holy Curing            Learn prayers of the Holy Curing branch.
        .Holy Support           Learn prayers of the Holy Support branch.

    .Spell-power                Increases the power of learned spells by
                                adding a bonus to the spell level.
                                At 50, it will raise spell levels by 40%.
                                (It won't raise the level of spells which you
                                haven't learned yet.)
                                Note that Spell-power does not affect magic of
                                druids, mindcrafters, runemasters or maiar.

    +Druidic Schools
        .Arcane Lore            Learn druid magic tought by arcane lore.
        .Physical Lore          Learn druid magic tought by physical lore.

    +Mindcraft Schools
        .Psycho-Power           Learn mindcrafter spells of psycho-power.
        .Thought Contact        Learn mindcrafter spells of tought contact.
        .Mental Intrusion       Learn mindcrafter spells of mental intrusion.

    +Runecraft                  See '(6.8b) Runes & Runemastery'.
        .Light                  Learn to evoke light runes.
        .Darkness               Learn to evoke darkness runes.
        .Nexus                  Learn to evoke nexus runes.
        .Nether                 Learn to evoke nether runes.
        .Chaos                  Learn to evoke chaos runes.
        .Mana                   Learn to evoke mana runes.

    .Astral Knowledge           Learn spells of the Astral branch of magic,
                                exclusively available to the Maia race.

    .Mimicry                    Ability to shapechange into a monster!
                                You also inherit the monsters abilities,
                                weaknesses and resistances!
                                See section (6.7) for more info.
                                To find out details about a monster form,
                                press  ~ 7  in game or consult a spoiler file.
                                (See (7.4) for more info about spoiler files.)

    .Magic device               Ability to use magic devices (wands, staves,
                                rods, activatable items) without failing.
                                Also increases their power.
                                Speeds up recharging of rods you carry.
                                See (6.10) for more information.

+Necromancy                     Drains life and mana from killed monsters,
                                replenishing your HP and SP.
                                Only works if you are able to see the target,
                                and if you are not dead yourself.
                                The amount of points gained depends on the
                                skill and the target's level. To get maximum
                                drain, the skill should be at least half as
                                high as the monster level.
                                Necromancy has no effect on undead and
                                nonliving monsters.

    .Traumaturgy                Drains mana from monsters when you inflict
                                damage on them, replenishing your SP.
                                Only works if you are able to see the target.
                                The amount of points gained is a fraction of
                                the damage points you inflicted and only
                                depends on damage and skill.
                                Traumaturgy has no effect on angels, undead,
                                and nonliving monsters.

    .Aura of Fear               Monsters that hit you are stroke by fear.
                                Is automatically enabled when you train the
                                skill; you can disable the aura in 'm' menu.

    .Shivering Aura             Monsters that hit you are stunned.
                                At a skill of 30 the aura is so strong that
                                your melee attacks (weapon as well as martial
                                arts will be branded by it. (Cold brand.)
                                Is automatically enabled when you train the
                                skill; you can disable the aura in 'm' menu.

    .Aura of Death              Monsters that hit you are hit by waves
                                of plasma and ice.
                                At a skill of 40 the aura is so strong that
                                your melee attacks (weapon as well as martial
                                arts) will be branded by it.
                                (Alternating fire or cold brand.)
                                Is automatically enabled when you train the
                                skill; you can disable the aura in 'm' menu.

.Antimagic                      Generated from your strong disbelief in magic
                                an anti-magic field surrounds you, preventing
                                nearby monsters and players from casting
                                spells (but does not prevent them from using
                                magic devices).
                                This effect is cumulative with the anti-magic
                                field of a Dark Sword. (See 5.9 for more info
                                about dark swords.)
                                It's capped at 75% chance of interrupting
                                enemy spells. The capped chance is further
                                quartered for party members, so they are hardly
                                affected by your antimagic field.
                                Each point in Antimagic adds 1% to your
                                AM chance, so the max gain is +50% from skill.
                                Note: While ball/bolt attacks are spells,
                                      breathing is NOT.
                                Warriors that specialize in Antimagic are
                                called 'Unbelievers' (The Anti-magic powers
                                result from their strong disbelief in magic).

                                Note that as soon as you invest a point into
                                this skill you won't be able to use any spells
                                or magic devices (wands, staves, rods, items
                                that can be activated) anymore!

                                An antimagic field will also shorten the
                                duration of certain magical temporary buffs
                                and debuffs on your character, which are:
                                ESP, space/time anchor, probability travel,
                                wraithform, infra-vision, see invisible,
                                invisibilty, haste, slowness, resistances,
                                invulnerability obtained from a potion,
                                deflection, shield.

+Sneakiness                     Slightly increases your character speed
                                (+7 at 50, so approx +1 every 7..8 points).
                                Slightly increases perception and searching.
                                Slightly reduces speed loss while in searching
                                mode, and very slightly while in rogues'
                                cloaking mode.

    .Stealth                    Increases your stealth, which determines
                                if monsters can hear you from a distance
                                or if you can sneak past them.
                                The stealth gain is half as much as from items
                                that give +Stealth.

                                If your character is really bad at stealth,
                                like Draconians, it might seem as if the skill
                                doesn't help. But if you invest a lot of points
                                you will eventually see an improvement ;).

    .Stealing                   Ability to steal items from stores.
                                If you get caught, you will be on the
                                'blacklist of merchants' for a minute up
                                to 2 hours, depending on the item you tried to
                                steal from a shop. During this time it's
                                impossible to steal, and you will get BAD
                                prices (blackmarket-like) in shops.
                                Note that your blacklist timer won't decrease
                                while you are 'AFK'!
                                You'll also be on the 'watchlist', meaning
                                that you can shop normally, but are unable to
                                steal until the shopkeepers stop to watch you
                                so intensely. The watchlist runs out slower
                                than the blacklist, but allows you to be AFK.
                                The time period you'll be on these lists solely
                                depends on the item's _base_ value (so it does
                                not matter whether you got caught in a normal
                                store or in the black market.) Price discount
                                applies though, reducing the base value and
                                therefore the blacklist time too.

                                Blacklist times, very roughly:
                                Murderous look - 1 hour +
                                Gazes at you angrily - 40 min +
                                Looks at you suspiciously - 25 min +
                                Looks at you disapprovingly - 10 min +
                                Cool glance - less than 10 min.

                                Note that usually people don't want to be seen
                                with stolen goods, which means that very
                                expensive items, depending on their value, have
                                a certain chance of their level becoming 0,
                                making them untradable. (Note: Even if you were
                                stealing Morgoth's crown, which has a value of
                                10 million Au, you'd still have at least a 5%
                                chance of it retaining its original level.)

                                Your chance to steal an item from a shop
                                depends on your dexterity, your stealing skill
                                and the price and weight of the item. Stealth
                                and invisibility are also somewhat helpful.
                                For example it's nearly impossible to steal a
                                large piece of wood without the store owner
                                noticing it, although it's not worth much.
                                There's always a minimum chance of 5% to fail.
                                You need to be at least level 5 to steal
                                and at least level 10 to steal anything of
                                somewhat higher value.

                                You have a chance to successfully steal an
                                item even if your stealing skill is 0 and your
                                dexterity low, so everyone could give it a try.

                                If a shop offers an item more expensive than
                                it actually is (black market) that has no
                                effect on stealing. The 'normal' item value
                                is used to calculate the chances.
                                However, if an item is offered at reduced
                                price, it'll be easier to steal it!

                                It's more difficult to steal from certain
                                stores, eg stores that are found in the dungeon
                                or that don't belong to the basic town stores
                                (numbered 1-9, including the rune repository).
                                It is even impossible to steal from expensive
                                black market (the one located somewhat hidden
                                in Minas Anor), secret black market (the one
                                you can only find in dungeons), rare footwear
                                shop and rare jewelry shop (both in dungeons),
                                or from a dungeon town's temple, potion store
                                or black market.

                                It's a good idea to wear as many +DEX items
                                as possible while trying to steal from a shop,
                                since DEX is the main factor besides the skill.

                                Stealing items which have a base value (with
                                discount applied, as usual for stealing) not
                                higher than your stealing_skill * 10 are
                                especially easy to steal. Also, if you still
                                get caught on such an item, the blacklist time
                                will be much shorter too.

                                Trying to 'steal back' an item that was already
                                owned by a player, ie an item that has been
                                sold to the shop, is especially hard.

    .Backstabbing               Lets you backstab enemies, afflicting high
                                damage. Works if the opponent is asleep or
                                running away in fear, exposing his back to you.
                                Also works when you are cloaked (only once per
                                monster though, so re-cloaking won't help) or
                                shadow running. Increasing this skill increases
                                the damage your backstab attacks deal.

                                Backstabbing requires sword-type weapons or
                                martial arts skill, in which case it transforms
                                into neck-twisting. That means your target must
                                possess a neck, read: A head and a torso.

                                If you dual-wield, you will also dual-backstab
                                if the moster is either asleep, or you perform
                                the attack from cloaking mode or shadow run.
                                Although you'll deal somewhat less damage with
                                each stab, since they are executed both at once
                                you will do more overall damage than with a
                                single weapon.

                                Note: Weapon weight or whether it's 1-h, 1 1/2h
                                or 2h weapon does not matter for backstabbing.

                                Vampires will feed especially much from
                                backstabbing a sleeping opponent to death.

    .Dodging                    Ability to evade attacks. In order to get any
                                benefits from doding skill at all, your armour
                                mustn't be too heavy. If it is, you will get a
                                flexibility warning (compare (5.5)).
                                Also, you must not be using a shield.

                                There are various attacks that can be dodged:
                                Melee attacks mostly, bolts, arrows and the
                                likes (both magical and physical) shot by
                                enemies or traps at you. And it slightly helps
                                to dodge rubble coming down during an
                                earthquake.

                                Your actual chance to dodge an attack depends
                                on the total weight you are carrying around
                                with you, where inventory usually weighs most
                                and will encumber you the most.
                                Your equipment also musn't be too heavy,
                                although your weapons are allowed to weigh
                                quite a bit, as long as your armour isn't too
                                encumbering. However, for weapons, armour, and
                                inventory always goes: The lighter, the higher
                                your chances will be.
                                And of course your dodging chance depends on
                                your dodging skill, which (after penalized by
                                the weight of all your stuff) is compared to
                                the opponent's level or trap level.
                                (For dodging monsters, the rlevel (0.4) of that
                                monster type is important. Any additional
                                levels the monster may have gained due to
                                dwelling deeper than usual will not affect
                                your dodge chance.)

                                You can check your average dodging chance
                                against opponents of same level by pressing
                                'm' and choosing "Check dodge chance".
                                Depending on the server version you might see
                                textual descriptions instead of raw numbers:
                                "Almost no chance" means less than 5%,
                                "Slight chance" -> less than 14%,
                                "Significant chance" -> less than 23%,
                                "Good chance" -> less than 30%,
                                "Very good chance" -> less than 40%,
                                otherwise "High chance" (may occur in actual
                                game play if opponent is much lower than you).

                                Against monsters that have way higher level
                                than you, you receive a minor penalty. You can
                                still dodge them quite effectively though.

                                Dodging also gets slightly increased by the
                                "Martial Arts" skill (see above in this skill
                                table).

    .Calmness                   Ability to not get hindered by enemies.
                                Adjacent foes can interfere if you try to..
                                -shoot with ranged weapons,
                                -use a void jumpgate,
                                -invoke a mimic spell,
                                -set a monster trap.

    .Trapping                   Improves your ability to set traps:
                                Gives you a higher chance to successfully
                                place a trap if a monster is close to you and
                                trying to interfere. Also, monsters will have
                                a harder time to discover your traps.
                                Last but not least you learn to optimize your
                                traps for higher damage output.
                                See (4.7) for details about monster traps.

                                Trapping also improves your disarming ability,
                                making it safer to pick locks and to disarm
                                traps via the manual disarm command. (The
                                experience you gain from manually disarming
                                traps is not affected by the skill but only by
                                the traps' level).
                                The chance to identify a trap on disarming it
                                will also increase with higher Trapping skill.

                                Last but not least Trapping gives you a chance
                                to salvage a trap kit from any trap when you
                                disarm it!

+Health                         Increases your hit point regeneration rate:
                                (skill_level * 2)% chance to regenerate 1.5x
                                the normal amount of HP per turn (stacks with
                                REGEN items).
                                Increases your hit points by 2 for each point.
                                Also helps you to recover from temporary stats
                                drain, hallucination, blindness, paralysis,
                                confusion, slowness, poison and cuts faster.

                                If you spend 10 points into Health, your
                                sanity will be displayed as a bar.
                                At 20 points you'll get the percentage
                                displayed. At 40 the value will be shown.

                                Note that Health skill stacks with +LIFE items
                                (compare '+LIFE' in (5.8)).

    .Swimming                   Allows you to swim even while carrying more
                                weight and to better protect your items from
                                water.

                                Skill maxes at 01.000, with the ability to
                                swim improving steadily while increasing it.
                                At 0.700 you become able to swim very swiftly
                                if no monsters are within sight, enabling you
                                to 'run' through water.

    .Climbing                   You need this at 01.000 to be able to climb.

    .Digging                    How well you are able to dig. Also affects
                                your chance to find items, for the items to
                                be good or even great, and affects the amount
                                of cash if you mine treasure.
                                Depending on the skill, you might also uncover
                                special things.

                                Certain tools such as shovels, picks and
                                mattocks will also increase your digging speed
                                greatly (independant of the skill), see (5.9).
                                Also, when hacking through trees and bushes,
                                axes will help a lot and swords somewhat, in
                                case you have no good digging tool at hand.
                                2-handed axes/swords even more than 1-handed.
                                See (3.4a) for more information on digging
                                tools and (5.21) for technical details on
                                digging.

The abilities Swimming, Digging and Climbing are also granted by items you
can find. Those are for example items that grants you flying, so you may just
fly over water instead of swimming across. Wands of stone-to-mud will turn any
obstacle to mud that you could dig through, and some boots or a climbing set
might grant you the ability to climb highest mountains. Dwarves also learn
this ability automatically when they reach level 30.

Here is what the numbers mean (we will use the Axe-Mastery skill for this
example:

+Combat                         10.500  [0.800]
    +Weaponmastery               5.250  [0.800]
        .Axe-Mastery            15.000  [0.500]

As we can see this player has 10.5 skill points in Combat, 5.25 in
Weaponmastery and 15 in Axe-Mastery. He just reached a new level and hence
gained 5 skill points. Now he decides to invest them all into Axe-Mastery.
He presses <DOWN> key until the Axe-Mastery line is selected. Now he presses
<RIGHT> key 5 times to invest all his 5 spare skill points here.
Axe-Mastery will be increased by 0.500 points per invested skill point (hence
the [0.500] on the right), leaving him at 17.5 Axe-Mastery now.
Since sub-skills always slightly affect their parent skills, Weaponmastery
and Combat will also be raised slightly. The result might look like this:

+Combat                         10.750  [0.800]
    +Weaponmastery               6.250  [0.800]
        .Axe-Mastery            17.500  [0.500]


Opposed skills
--------------
Some skills don't go well together, and will have negative influence on each
other when increased, decreasing their opposite!
Take care on the following combinations:
        Weaponmastery   <->     Sorcery
        Archery         <->     Sorcery
        Martial Arts    <->     Sorcery
        Anti-magic      <->     excludes any type of magic and magic devices,
                                including mimicry.
                                However, a mimicking player won't lose his
                                current form on training in Anti-magic.
                                He just won't be able to transform ever again
                                by using his mimic powers.
                                His form CAN still change though, if he is
                                zapped with a wand of polymorph, quaffs a
                                potion of Chauve-Souris, uses Morph Restoration
                                service of a shop or.. dies, three
                                things that he probably wants to avoid at all
                                costs in order to keep his 'final' form.


(6.2a) Maiar skill modifications
--------------------------------
Maiar start with a low-profile skill chart, which gets boosted or diminished
depending on their alignment (enlightened vs corrupted) on initiation.

(Low-profile means that their "good" and "evil" skills - the four holy schools,
necromancy, traumaturgy and the three auras - are all reduced to 70% of the
character classes' usual ratio.)

Modifications for becoming 'enlightened':
    Necromancy, traumaturgy and aura of death become disabled.

    Sword, blunt and polearm skill x 1.3.
    The four holy schools x 2.1.
    Divination school x 1.7.
    Light and mana runes x 2.0.
    Fear and shivering aura x 3.0.

Modifications for becoming 'corrupted':
    The four holy schools become disabled.

    Axe and martial arts skill x 1.3.
    Fire, air, conveyance school x 1.7.
    Udun school x 2.0.
    Darkness and nether runes x 2.0.
    Necromancy and traumaturgy x 3.0.
    The three aura skills x 3.0.

Note: After a skill's gain ratio has been boosted as stated above, it will be
      capped against a maximum value of 2.000, which cannot be exceeded.



(6.3) Abilities
---------------
Depending on your race and class, you will be better or worse at certain
generic abilities. You can see your abilities in the character screen
(press 'C').

Miscellaneous Abilities can range from Bad to Legendary:
Bad         (red)    (or 'Very Bad' if negative, no real difference)
Poor        (red)
Fair        (yellow)
Good        (light green)
Very good   (light green)
Excellent   (light green)
Superb      (light green)
Heroic      (light green)
Legendary   (light green)

Some of those abilities have a maximum value after which they cannot be
increased any further. Such abilities show 'legendary' in different colours
than just light green. Instead they use:
Legendary   (dark green)    This means it's good enough to deserve being
                            called 'legendary'.
Legendary   (golden)        This means, that you have reached the absolute
                            highest possible value for this ability.


Here is a list of detailed information about miscellaneous abilities:

Fighting
    How well you can fight (hit chance; further boni like skills or +hit from
    equipment are added to the ability) or how easily you get disarmed
    ("You lose the grip of your weapon!").
    (Note that any +tohit bonus increases the displayed Fighting ability:
    The displayed value is the sum of your actual ability and your hit boni.)
Bows/Throw
    How well you can shoot/throw.
    (Note that any +tohit bonus increases the displayed Bows/Throw ability:
    The displayed value is the sum of your actual ability and your hit boni.)
Saving Throw
    How well you can resist attacks that have influence on your status
    other than just hit points. For example poisoning, confusion or
    paralyzation.
Stealth
    Determines if monsters will immediately wake up if you're nearby or if
    you are able to sneak past sleeping monsters without waking them.
Perception
    Determines how often you have a chance to spot hidden traps or doors on
    adjacent fields without even searching for them. Whether you really
    discover something will depend on your Searching ability.
Searching
    Determines how easily you spot hidden traps/doors on adjacent fields
    while searching for them (with 's' or 'S'), or when you automatically
    notice them due to your Perception ability.
Disarming
    How well you can disarm traps (without setting them off), and how likely
    you avoid known traps if you accidentally step on them again.
    (Note that manually disarming traps like this will yield experience points
    if successful, while disarming via magic or magic devices won't.)
Magic Device
    How well you can use magic items like wands, staves, rods (these are often
    especially hard to use) or activate magic items like Dragon Scale Mails.
    See (6.10) for more information.

Blows/Round
    How often per round you are able to strike with your weapon. This depends
    on your strength, dexterity, your class, your weapon.
    Spending points in specific weapon masteries will give you an additional
    blow at 25 and at 50 (like sword or blunt mastery).
    Tables of blows/round limits are at (5.4) for martial arts, and at (6.5)
    and (6.5a) for melee weapons.
Shots/Round
    How often per round you are able to use your ranged weapon.
    Spending points into specific archery skills will give you additional shots
    (see 6.2 for details).
    Mimics may get additional shots per round if the monster form they use has
    the ability to shoot with ranged weapons (see 6.7 for details).
Infra-Vision
    How far you can see warm-blooded monsters in the dark.
    10 ft equal a distance of 1 field.
    IV can be very helpful for spotting monsters outside of your light radius
    that don't carry a light source themselves.

These miscellaneous abilities can also change when your character progresses,
depending on your +hit and +dam (concerning Fighting and Bows/Throws) or your
character level or certain skills you invest points into.
How much an ability changes when a property of your character (skill, level or
weapon enchantments) it depends on changes, depends on your class: The relative
numerical modifiers are given in the class table in (6.5).
Here is a list which ability changes depend on which factors:
(The factors in relation to the values in (6.5) are marked by underscores.
All other factors listed here are further modifications, independant of (6.5).)

Fighting        _'Combat'_, _'Weaponmastery'_, melee +hit boni
Bows/Throw      _'Combat'_, _'Archery'_, ranged +hit boni
Saving Throw    Wisdom, _level_, 'Meta', AM-shell
Stealth         Mimic form weight, stealth items, _'Stealth'_, cloaking,
                'Martial Arts'
Perception      search items, _'Sneakiness'_
Searching       search items, _'Sneakiness'_, cloaking
Disarming       Intelligence, dexterity, _'Trapping'_
Magic Device    Intelligence, _'Magic Device'_


For age, height, weight, social class and gender see (6.14).


Apart from those generic abilities, there are several class- or race-specific
active or passive abilities, given in the race/class descriptions in (6.4) and
(6.5).



(6.4) Races
-----------
Depending on your race, you might need different amounts of experience to gain
a new character level. You also might have certain intrinsic abilities.

For Beginners a powerful yet simple race/class combination like Half-Troll
Warrior is strongly recommended.

- Human
    Humans are allrounders with no special weaknesses or strengths.
    Humans have no experience penalties and tend to go up levels faster than
    most other races. No racial adjustments or intrinsics occur to characters
    choosing human.
    Humans get a bonus on 'Climbing' and a large bonus on 'Interception'.

- Half-Elf
    Half-elves tend to be smarter and faster than humans, but not as strong.
    Half-elves are slightly better at searching, disarming, saving throws,
    stealth, bows, and magic, but they are not as good at hand weapons.
    Half-elves resist light intrinsically.
    They get bonus on 'Bow-Mastery' and 'Interception'.

- Elf
    Elves resist light effects intrinsically and see invisible creatures.
    Elves are better magicians then humans, but not as good at fighting.
    They tend to be smarter and faster than either humans or half-elves and
    also have better wisdom.
    Elves are better at searching, disarming, perception, stealth, bows, and
    magic, but they are not as good at hand weapons.
    Elves get bonus on 'Bow-Mastery', 'Magic', 'Stealth', 'Dodging',
    'Calmness' and 'Sneakiness'.

- Hobbit
    Hobbits have their dexterity sustained. Further, they get a dexterity bonus
    from not wearing shoes! Hobbits, or Halflings, are very good at shooting,
    throwing, and have good saving throws. They also are very good at searching
    disarming, perception, and stealth; so they make excellent rogues, but
    prefer to be called burglars. They are much weaker than humans, and no good
    at melee fighting. Halflings have fair infravision, so they can detect
    warm-blooded creatures at a distance. Hobbits resist black breath somewhat.
    They get bonus on 'Sling-Mastery', 'Sneakiness', 'Dodging' and a large
    bonus on 'Stealth'.

    Note:
    Since hobbits have low hit points you might consider training the skill
    'Health' to make up for it, depending on which class you choose to play.

- Gnome
    Gnomes are intrinsically protected to paralysis effects. Gnomes are smaller
    than dwarves but larger than halflings. They, like the hobbits, live in the
    earth in burrow-like homes. Gnomes make excellent Warlocks & Sorcerers, and
    have very good saving throws. They are good at magic, searching, disarming,
    perception, and stealth. They have lower strength than humans so they are
    not very good at fighting with hand weapons. Gnomes have fair infra-vision,
    so they can detect warm-blooded creatures at a distance.
    Gnomes receive bonus on 'Crossbow-Mastery' and 'Magic' and a large bonus on
    'Dodging' and 'Digging'.

- Dwarf
    Dwarves can never be blinded and at level 30 they learn to travel across
    even the highest mountain regions.
    Dwarves are the headstrong miners and fighters of legend. Since dungeons
    are the natural home of a dwarf, they are excellent choices for a warrior
    or priest. Dwarves tend to be stronger and tougher but slower and less
    intelligent than humans. Because they are so headstrong and are somewhat
    wise, they resist spells which are cast on them. Dwarves also have very
    good infra-vision because they live underground. They do have one big
    drawback, though. Dwarves are loudmouthed and proud, singing in loud
    voices, arguing with themselves for no good reason, and screaming out
    challenges at nearby foes. In other words, dwarves have a miserable
    stealth.
    They receive a bonus on 'Axe-Mastery' and a huge bonus on 'Digging'.

- Half-Orc
    Because of their preference to living underground to on the surface,
    Half-orcs resist darkness intrinsically. They make excellent warriors and
    decent priests, but are terrible at magic. They are as bad as dwarves at
    stealth, and horrible at searching, disarming, and perception. Half-Orcs
    are quite ugly, and tend to pay more for goods in town. Half-Orcs do make
    good warriors and rogues, for the simple reason that Half-Orcs tend to
    have great constitutions and lots of hit points.
    They get a slight bonus on 'Backstabbing', a large bonus on 'Weaponmastery'
    and a bonus on 'Necromancy' and receive penalties on 'Magic' and 'Sorcery'.

- Half-Troll
    Half-trolls have their strength sustained. They are very strong, but also
    very stupid and slow. They make great warriors and iffy priests. They are
    bad at searching, disarming, perception, and stealth. They are so ugly
    that a Half-Orc grimaces in their presence. They need to eat often.
    Half-Trolls get bonus on 'Blunt-Mastery', 'Health' and 'Swimming'. They
    receive a penalty on 'Critical-Strike' and large penalties on 'Archery',
    'Magic' and 'Sorcery'.

- Dunadan
    Dunadain have their constitution sustained. Dunadain are a race of hardy
    men from the West. This elder race surpasses human abilities in every
    field, especially constitution. However, being men of the world, very
    little is new to them, and levels are very hard for them to gain.
    A Dunadan gets bonus on 'Combat', 'Archery' and 'Interception' and a small
    bonus to 'Magic'.

- High-Elf
    High-Elves can see the invisible and resist light and the flow of time
    intrinsically. They are a race of immortal beings dating from the
    beginning of time, masters of all skills, strong and intelligent, although
    their wisdom is sometimes suspect. They do very well in all professions.
    There are few things that they have not seen already, and experience is
    hard for them to gain.
    High-Elves receive bonus on 'Bow-Mastery', 'Magic', 'Stealth', 'Dodging'
    and a large bonus on 'Calmness'.

- Yeek
    Being weak and losing many childhood fights, they have learned the
    ability to float gently to the ground. They have intrinsic feather
    falling (same as 'levitation' effect).
    Often having to escape from precarious situations, yeeks are able to pass
    through dense forest quickly.
    Yeeks are the least powerful of all the races. They suffer disadvantages
    in all stats and have attributes similar to humans. However, to
    compensate Yeeks learn, and thus gain levels, extremely quickly.
    Yeeks don't receive boni or mali on any skills.

    Note:
    Since yeeks have low hit points you might consider training the skill
    'Health' to make up for it, depending on which class you choose to play.

- Goblin
    Goblins have a decidedly mixed reputation. They are almost always grinning,
    and more often than not you cannot tell whether or not they are eyeing you
    like a side of meat. They are as sturdy as Dwarves and are quite agile
    making them good fighters, rogues, and mimics. Being creatures of the
    night, Goblins have natural resistance to darkness.
    They receive bonus on 'Boomerang-Mastery' and 'Stealing'.

- Ent
    The Ents are a powerful race dating from the beginning of the world,
    eldest of all animals or plants who inhabit Arda. Spirits of the
    land, they were summoned to guard the forests of Middle-earth.
    Being much like trees they are very slow but strong and do not have
    to eat as often. Because they consist of wood, they are quite
    susceptible to fire and they don't drown in water. As the Shepherds
    of the Trees, they can learn to sense the presence of others, such
    as animals  at level 10, orcs at 15, trolls at 20, giants at 25,
    dragons at 30, demons at 40 and all evil-minded creatures at level 50.
    At level 4 Ents learn to see invisible things. In general, they accumulate
    experience very slowly and they do not eat normal food but they are able to
    consume liquids. Trees will slightly bend aside to let ents pass through.
    Ents are able to slowly replenish their nourishment by rooting themselves
    into the ground by entering 'R'esting mode, provided it's natural ground
    such as grass, earth, mud or water. Their food state will go up to 'Full'
    that way.
    Ents intrinsically resist the force of unleashed water.
    They get bonus to 'Health' and a large bonus on 'Calmness' and on the magic
    schools 'Earth' and 'Water'. They receive a large penalty on 'Fire' school,
    a penalty on 'Axe-mastery' and a small penalty on 'Sword-mastery'.

- Draconian
    These humanoid half-breeds of dragon and man surpass common humans in all
    ways, except that they are really bad at moving stealthily. Similar to
    dragons, they can eat firestones to temporarily boost their powers.
    (See (5.9) for firestone details.)
    Draconians need a very long time to gain further experience and need to eat
    often. They have feather falling (levitation) instrinsically from birth.
    At level 5 they can spot dragons anywhere on the level. At level 6 they
    acquire an intrinsic telepathic vision of all nearby creatures, the radius
    expands as they gain levels. At level 30 they learn how to fly.
    Unlike other races, draconians are susceptible to the void connecting
    void jump gates and may get hurt by it when they travel through it,
    perceiving it as "cold" even if they resist or are immune to normal frost.
    Armour can help to mitigate this effect somewhat.
    Draconians possess a certain lineage trait from birth, providing them with
    intrinsic resistances and an elemental breath (learned at level 8) which
    they can use if they have sufficient stamina and which is a physical
    ability of theirs, not a magic spell. This breath weapon cannot be used
    while polymorphed, except if the form is a reptile (including Hydras) or an
    actual dragon (including dragonriders).
    The resistances obtained from a trait stay, even while polymorphed.
    Draconians receive a bonus on 'Thought Contact', 'Polearm-Mastery' and
    'Magic devices'.

    Table of their traits:
    Lineage     Breath          Resistances/abilities
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Blue        Lightning       lightning, brand (5), aura (15), immune (25)
    White       Frost           frost, aura (15), immune (25),
                                susceptible to fire
    Red         Fire            fire, immune (25),
                                susceptible to cold
    Black       Acid            acid, immune (25)
    Green       Poison          poison, immune (25)
    Multi-hued  Random of       lightning (5), frost (10), fire (15),
                those above     acid (20), poison (25)
    Bronze      Confusion       confusion (5), paralysis (10), reflection (20)
    Silver      Inertia         cold (5), poison (10), reflection (20)
    Golden      Sound           acid (5), sound (10), reflection (20)
    Law         Shards          shards (5), sound (15)
    Chaos       Chaos           confusion (5), chaos (15), disenchantment (20)
    Balance     Disenchantment  disenchantment (10), sound (20)
    
- Kobold
    These somewhat smallish dog-faced humanoids resist poison intrinsically.
    They are able to take most roles, being somewhat better at archery than
    close combat. Their intelligence is somewhat suspect, and although they do
    not pick up careers as mages or other very elaborate professions, they can
    become shamans or druids.
    They can see in the dark thanks to infra-vision, have extraordinarily sharp
    senses, and can move very silently, making them hard to spot. They are also
    good at disarming traps.
    Kobolds receive a bonus on 'Swimming' and 'Trapping' and a slight bonus on
    'Sneakiness'.

- Dark-Elf
    Dark-Elves dwell below the surface in huge caverns of their underground
    city. The children are already drilled to become sworn enemies of most
    other races of the underground, and also of the hated Elves and High-Elves
    who live on the surface under the burning light of the sun. Overthrowing
    rivals by treachery and murder are acknowledged ways in their society,
    as long as noone is left alive who might bring charge against the victors.
    Dark-Elves are good fighters and sorcerors, but also decent priests.
    Dark-Elves intrinsically resist darkness, but are susceptible to light.
    At level 20 they learn to see the invisible.
    They get bonus on 'Stealth', 'Dodging', 'Sneakiness' and 'Backstabbing'.

- Vampire
    These powerful undead creatues move out in the night to hunt living prey
    and suck its blood to sustain themselves. Vampires resist darkness, but
    are susceptible to light and certain purifying and anti-evil effects, be it
    on items such as scrolls, on magic devices, or on equipment such as weapons
    and light sources (which may drain their hit points if equipped).
    They fear the sun light and any other kind of blessed light source, since
    it burns them, draining their hit points.
    They don't actually need a light source, since they are able to determine
    their close surroundings even in complete darkness. This ability grows
    when the vampire rises in character-levels.
    Vampires start with a mummy wrapping, because it can protect them from the
    sunlight (press 'w' to wear it). If they are moving on the world surface
    (meaning not in a dungeon/tower) while it's day, the sun will burn them if
    they don't resist light or wear a mummy wrapping.
    Vampires are good fighters and decent mages. However, they are unable to
    utilize magic of water or nature school. Neither can they make use of
    mimicry techniques or holy spells. They are unable to try and suppress
    magic, but can make use of items that provide antimagic effects.
    Aside from darkness they also resist sanity-draining effects (somewhat),
    time, nether, poison, and it's hard to drain their life force.
    They also have partially life leeching (vampiric) attacks (see '(5.15)
    Vampirism' for more information).
    At level 20 they become able to turn into a bat. Vampire bats are fast, can
    fly, and are more resistant to sun burn than the humanoid vampire form,
    making them useful for travelling, although they move slightly erratically.
    Vampires cannot eat normal food, instead they need to feed off living
    creatures. This means that you need to kill monsters in melee range (though
    not necessarily by using melee attacks - spells or arrows work fine too) in
    order to satisfy your hunger, which might be quite easy for melee classes
    but sometimes a hassle for ranged/caster classes.
    At level 40 they will need less and less food to sustain themselves.
    Vampire royalties will require the least amount of food, independant of
    their level, enabling them to survive a very long time without feeding -
    even an item granting 'Slow Digestion' will not improve this any further.
    Vampires hate 'Blunt' weapons, get a penalty on 'Divination' magic school,
    but receive a bonus on 'Mental Intrusion' and a large bonus on 'Necromancy'
    and all aura skills and a small bonus on 'Traumaturgy'. They cannot use
    certain magic schools at all as described above. As undead, Vampires gain
    a moderate skill bonus for 'Nether' runes but in turn find it hard to
    improve in 'Light' runes.

- Maia
    The Maiar are lesser spirits who are associated with one or more Valar, the
    greater gods. Being of divine origin they can shape themselves in fashion
    of elves or humans as they see fit, often acting as powerful wizards to
    guide elves and man by gaining their trust. Appearing in such shape, their
    abilities will seem somewhat superior in all aspects and they also possess
    infra-vision.

    Maiar have a choice of ascending to enlightenment, or submit to corruption
    of the promise of demonic powers. To determine their fate, they must kill
    either a candlebearer, a servant of good (to become corrupted), or a
    darkling, a harbinger of demonkind (to become enlightened) before reaching
    level 20 or they will lose the ability to stay in the realm and their
    physical form will be destroyed.
    They will also meet such a fate of being destroyed by indecisiveness if
    they kill both of these kind indiscriminately before having reached
    initiation, so take care. After they underwent initiation at level 20, they
    may just kill all of them indiscriminately, same as any other monster.
    Using but their mind they can easily perceive both good and demonkind
    telepathically. The servants and harbingers of those factions that Maiar
    need to slay occur between dungeon level 12 and 20 (which correspond to
    -600..-1000 ft in dungeon 'Barrow-Downs' for example, since that dungeon
    starts at level 1).
    If a Maia generates the dungeon level, there will be a guaranteed spawn, so
    if you are in a party with non-Maiar, make sure you are the first one
    taking the staircase so you generate the level.

    Maiar are able to train in the 'Astral' school, an exclusive divine magic
    which has spells of different effect depending on the caster's alignment.
    Some astral spells use intelligence for determining their spell failure
    rates, some use wisdom.
    Initiation to either enlightened or corrupted beings, or during their first
    few character levels the lack thereof, will decide the effect of astral
    spells.
    Maiar can be any class that can utilize mana. They get the best shop prices
    of all races since they are either greatly respected or feared by all other
    creatures.
    They gain experience extremely slowly, and rarely need to feed before
    initiation. Afterwards they have no more need for any worldly food at all.
    Alignment-dependant boni are..

    Enlightened:
        Able to see invisible and resisting light, while being susceptible to
        evil-based attacks.
        Intrinsic light aura that adds to any light source's radius.
        +1 bonus AC for every 2 levels above 20.
        At level 50 they will be able to fly, become resistant to poison,
        electricity, cold and be enveloped in an aura of frost and lightning;
        also, their melee attacks will slay evil opponents intrinsically.

    Corrupted:
        Resist fire and darkness while being susceptible to good-based attacks.
        +2 bonus HP for each level above 20.
        At level 50 they will become resistant to poison, immune to fire, and
        be enveloped in a fiery aura.

    Maiar start with a low profile skill chart which gets boosted on initiation
    depending on their alignment. Their skills will be adjusted so that they
    remain as close to their previous values as possible while the character
    gets back any skill points that are freed up due to higher skill ratios
    after the initiation took place, see (6.2a) for details.

    Maia get a bonus on 'Sneakiness' and 'Stealth' no matter the alignment.


Here is a table showing boni/mali of the different races:
(Di:Disarming,      MD:Magic Device,        ST:Saving Throw,    St:Stealth,
Pe:Perception (sight range), Sr:Searching,  Fi:Fighting,        BT:Bows/Throw)

            STR INT WIS DEX CON CHR     HP die  Exp%  Infra-Vision
            Di  MD  ST  St  Pe  Sr  Fi  BT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Human        0   0   0   0   0   0      10      100%     0ft
             0   0   0   0  10   0   0   0
Half-Elf    -1  +1   0  +1  -1  +1       9      110%    20ft
             2   5   3   1  11   6  -1   5
Elf         -1  +2  +1  +1  -2  +2       8      120%    30ft
             5   9   6   2  12   8  -5  15
Hobbit      -2  +2  +1  +3   0  +1       7      115%    30ft
            15  12  18   4  15  12 -10  20
Gnome       -1  +2   0  +2  +1  -2       8      125%    40ft
            10  18  12   3  13   6  -8  12
Dwarf       +2  -2  +2  -2  +2  -3      11      130%    50ft
             2   9   9  -1  10   7  15   0
Half-Orc    +2  -1   0   0  +1  -4      11      115%    30ft
            -3  -3  -3  -1   7   0  12  -5
Half-Troll  +4  -4  -2  -4  +3  -6      12      135%    30ft
            -5  -8  -8  -2   5  -1  20 -10
Dunadan     +1  +2  +2  +2  +3  +2      10      170%     0ft
             4   3   5   0  13   3  15  10
High-Elf    +1  +3  -1  +3  +1  +3      10      250%    40ft
             4  20  20   3  14   3  10  25
Yeek        -5  -5  -5  -5  -5  -3       7       80%     0ft
             0   0   0   0  10   0   0   0
Goblin       0  -1  -4  +4  +2  -5      10      120%    30ft
             2  -3  -3   0   8   2  12  -5
Ent         +8  -4  +2  -4  +8  -4      14      320%     0ft
            -4   0  20  -6   4   5   5 -20
Draconian   +4  +2  +2  +1  +3  +2      12      350%    50ft
             0   7  10  -5  10  10  15   5
Kobold      -1  -1   0  +2  +2  -2       8      115%    50ft
            10   5   0   4  15  15  -5  10
Dark-Elf     0  +2  +1  +3  +1  -6      10      150%    80ft
             7   3   6   4   6  10  15  15
Vampire     +2  +2  -1  +2   0  +3      11      220%   150ft
            -2   3  20   2  13  -4  10 -10
Maia        +2  +3  +3  +1  +1  +2      11      400%   100ft
             3  20   3   0   5   1  15   5



(6.5) Classes/Professions, titles, melee blows/round
----------------------------------------------------
Depending on your class, your start-up equipment and your skill tree will
vary. For example a warrior cannot learn magic spells.

- Warrior
    A warrior is a hack-and-slash character, who solves most of his problems
    by cutting them to pieces, but will occasionally fall back on the help of
    a magical device. His prime stats are strength and constitution, and a
    good dexterity can really help at times. Warriors will be good at melee
    and bows, but bad at most other skills. They don't learn any magic but can
    train to use magic devices; also they may dual-wield two one-handed weapons
    at once, although they will need to use light armour for this strategy to
    be effective (see (6.2)).
    Provided his strength is high enough, a two-handed weapon will usually
    be preferable over dual-wielding when a warrior seeks to forego defense to
    maximize damage, because two-handed weapons will still allow the use of
    heavy armour which dual-wielding doesn't.
    Warriors have more melee attacks per round than any other class.
    They may decide to become 'Unbelievers' by spending points irreversibly
    into the 'Anti-magic' skill. As soon as they spend the first point here
    they will immediately become unable to use any magic wand/staff/rod!
    The full opposite of sorcerers, unbelievers so strongly despise magic that
    not only do they refuse to use magic spells, they refuse all training in
    the use of magic items, which leaves them almost totally incompetent when
    trying to use a magic item, although they can still quaff potions and read
    scrolls. Because they are so unattuned to magic, trained unbelievers will
    suppress any sort of magic from occurring around them at high probability,
    which is dubbed 'anti-magic field'. They can further strengthen it by
    wielding a Dark Sword (see (5.9)).
    Warriors can also choose to become monk-like fighters, by training the
    'Martial Arts' skill. This will require them to wear no armour or only very
    light armour later on.
    The warrior class is recommended for beginners because it's forgiving in
    the early game and you can do fine with just a macro for potions of cure
    wounds and maybe also a macro for phase door scrolls until you reach a
    somewhat higher level.

    Hint: On character creation increase your strength to 18/30 at the very
    least to get a decent attack speed (3 blows per round with very light
    weapons). Pick one of the four weapon masteries (Sword/Blunt/Axe/Polearm),
    or Martial Arts if you don't want to use weapons, and always keep it
    maximized!
    Make sure to create a macro for your fighting techniques 'Sprint' and
    'Taunt' when you learn them, which you do pretty early on. They are great
    for catching annoying monsters that try to keep their distance from you.
    (See (6.12) for details about fighting techniques.)

    Dual-wield trick if you lose your items on death:
    If you die and revive, you could save a lot of money by foregoing heavy
    armour for attack power. Just buy some cheap, light armour and two cheap
    and very light 1-handed weapons which you wield both at once (dual-wield)!
    The lightest weapons of each class are:
    - Daggers (sword-mastery)
    - Whips (blunt-mastery)
    - Hatchets (axe-mastery)
    - Spears (polearm-mastery)
    Dual-wielding requires light armour. This should be adequate until you find
    some heavy armour in the dungeon, then you can switch back to 1-handed
    weapon with a shield (or to a 2-handed weapon if you have excessive enough
    strength to get at least 2 blows per round with it).
    (For details on the benefits of dual-wielding, see (6.2).)

- Istar (elvish word for Mage)
    Istari use intelligence primarily, determining how much mana they have
    to cast spells and how low their failure rate is.
    They are the all-around best magicians, having both devastating and highly
    useful supportive spells (at least for their own benefit) of very wide
    variety.
    On the downside, they are the worst fighters, being unable to use any
    weapon but a Mage Staff comfortably, and until they learn how to
    effectively use the 'Disruption Shield' spell they are very vulnerable.
    A high-level istar can be very powerful, but getting there can be a
    difficult journey.

    Hint: An istar has very few hit points compared to other classes, making
    survival difficult in the beginning. That's why this class is not
    recommended for beginners.

- Priest
    Priests use certain divine magic, uttered as prayers. Unlike mages they
    have a fair fighting potential with blunt or blessed weapons. Priests
    can learn many spells that are helpful to their party members. They use
    mainly wisdom for their prayers, determining the amount of mana and how
    low their failure rate is.
    A Priest is a character of holy devotion. They explore the dungeon only
    to destroy the evil that lurks within, and if treasure just happens to
    fall into their packs, well, so much more to the glory of their church!
    They are very good with magical devices, preferring to call them
    instruments of their god, but are not as good as istari in their use.
    Priests also have excellent saving throws due to divine intervention.
    Although weak in the beginning, they can make decent fighters who strongly
    prefer blunt weapons over edged ones. If they wield an edged weapon that
    isn't blessed, they receive an additional severe penalty.
    Priests are especially adept at sensing curses on any sort of item, an
    ability that grows with their character level.
    Wisdom is the priest's primary stat.

    Hint: Note that their spell Holy Light can be used to deal decent damage
    after it's been brought up a few levels. Orcs are said to fear it a lot.
    Priests aren't easy to play in the beginning, since they don't deal much
    damage and also can't take a lot of punishment, so they aren't recommended
    for beginners.

- Rogue
    A Rogue is a character that prefers to live by cunning, but is capable of
    fighting their way out of a tight spot. The master of traps and locks, no
    device is impossible for him to overcome.
    Their primary stats are intelligence and dexterity, intelligence being very
    important if they aim to become proficient at magic, while dexterity makes
    up in combat prowess for what their strength might be lacking.
    Rogues have very high stealth allowing them to sneak around many creatures
    without having to fight, or to sneak up and get the first blow,
    backstabbing his opponent.
    Rogues are especially fond of dual-wielding two light one-handed weapons at
    once (see (6.2). They prefer light armour, since dual-wielding and many of
    their special abilities won't work with heavy armour or two-handed weapons
    (see (5.5)).
    A rogue's perception is higher than any other class, and usually they
    notice traps or secret doors without needing a search. Rarely will a
    rogue be unable to avoid or disarm a trap. Rogues also have the unusual
    ability to train stealing from shops and their fellow men, a dangerous but
    sometimes very rewarding profession.
    Rogues are better than warriors or paladins with magical devices, but still
    can not rely on their performance. They can also learn a few magic spells.
    When searching for hidden traps, doors and stairs, they may spot them more
    easily, even from a distance, which increases when the rogue gains levels.
    At level 15, rogues will learn another special ability: Cloaking mode.
    (Press 'V' to make your character prepare for cloaking up / uncloaking.)
    By cloaking their physical appearance and body warmth pattern perfectly,
    which takes a certain time to get prepared, they become completely
    untrackable to almost any monster, for exceptions see (0.2).
    Attacking, taking damage (with the exception of floor grid induced damage
    such as fire damage from lava) and a couple of other actions immediately
    break cloaking, again see (0.2) for details.

    Hint: Make sure to create a macro for your fighting techniques 'Sprint' and
    'Taunt' when you learn them, which you do pretty early on. They are great
    for catching annoying monsters that try to keep their distance from you.
    (See (6.12) for details about fighting techniques.)
    Always keep your sword-mastery skill at maximum (if you don't go for an
    unusual build that uses martial arts instead).

- Mimic
    Mimics are melee fighters who can learn how to shapechange and use the form
    of any monsters (except for unique ones) they slay, thereby inheriting
    nearly all of the monster's abilities. That way they may even cast spells
    the monster was able to use or breathe elements like the monster did.
    Their primary stats are same as the warrior i.e. strength and constituion
    with dexterity coming in handy too.
    Intelligence is not of primary importance but it can help somewhat to
    increase the mana pool for making use of monster spells/breaths, and it
    also affects the success chance when attempting to use a monster power.
    Mimics learn forms by killing as many of a certain monster type as that
    monster has high a level. Further, their 'Mimicry' skill must be at least
    1/2 of the monster level.
    If mimics kill monsters whose level is higher than twice their mimicry
    skill those kills will nevertheless be counted in case the skill is raised
    to the appropriate level later, so those kills won't be 'lost'.
    Example: To use the form of an Ancient Bronze Dragon (level 40) the
    mimic has to kill 40 of them and have a mimicry skill of at least 20.

    To find out how many monsters you already killed and how many you need
    in total to learn a form, press the '~' key followed by '2'.
    To polymorph into a form, press 'm' key, like casting a magic spell.
    (Forms that have DISBELIEVE ability are skipped when using the normal
    'Polymorph Self' spell. You have to use 'Polymorph Self Into..' if you
    want to use these forms.)
    To find out the special abilities of a monster form, see section (6.7).
    A list of useful low-level humanoid forms for weapon-using mimics is given
    in (6.7c) because weapon-using mimics have a somewhat harder time to find
    usable forms early on than martial artists who might just utilize
    easy-to-get forms such as fruit bat, wild cat, crow or spiders right away
    for great effect.

    Mimics can get the highest amount of hit points of any class, even in the
    very long run ie at very high character levels far above 50, provided they
    acquire an appropriate high-level form (preferably level 80 or better).
    Low- and mid-level forms won't help high-level mimics that much to keep up
    their advantage in hit points, ie the extra hit points they gain from such
    forms will diminish as they continue to rise to very high character levels.

    Hint: Maybe there's a friendly mimicry-user around who can forge some
    'Rings of Polymorphing' for you from forms he or she no longer uses.
    As for all shape-shifters going with fruit bat body modification is not
    recommended, since it will restrict your equipment even if you polymorph.
    Pick one of the four weapon masteries (Sword/Blunt/Axe/Polearm), or Martial
    Arts if you don't want to use weapons, and always keep it maximized.

- Archer
    Archers aren't good at fighting, but can deliever extremely high damage
    with their ranged weapons. They can die quickly too, however.
    Archers are to bows what warriors are to melee. They are the best class
    around with any bow, crossbow or sling and their primary stat is dexterity.
    An Archer is very bad at melee, being only better than mage-like classes.
    Archers will receive an array of special techniques to their disposal from
    training the 'Archery' skill, such as setting up a precise sniping shot at
    a target asleep or how to create ammunition from rubble or from the bones
    of their opponents (see (6.12)), accessible via 'm' key or macro wizard.

    The first thing you should do when you created your character is making
    a macro for firing your bow. Press % and then z to start the macro wizard,
    and then c to create a firing macro.
    Archers start with all 3 types of magic ammo. Pick the one that fits your
    ranged weapon (magic arrow for bow, magic bolt for crossbow, magic shot
    for sling) and place it in your quiver (w key).

    Hint: Enchanting your ranged weapon to-damage is especially effective,
    because the enchantment will be multiplied by the weapons multiplier, so
    buy enchant to-dam scrolls from the alchemy store as soon as you can afford
    them.
    Also make sure to have an ample supply of 'Scrolls of Phase Door'.
    Pick one of the three ranged masteries (Bow/Crossbow/Sling) and always
    keep it maximized.

- Paladin
    Paladins are a combination of warrior and priest. Holy knights that
    fight evil with a variety of melee weapons and divine support.
    Their primary stats are thus strength for fighting and wisdom for making
    use of divine prayers, with constitution and dexterity helping as usual.
    Paladins are nearly as strong as pure warriors and also highly proficient
    with shields which they use to deflect incoming attacks - although there
    is certainly no rule stating that they may not instead choose to use huge
    two-handed weapons for bestowing divine retribution upon their foes.
    Paladins however are not very good at missile weapons. They are poor at
    stealth, perception, and searching. They are better than warriors with
    magical devices and have an outstanding saving throw due to divine
    protection.

    Hint: Note that the spell Holy Light can be used to deal decent damage
    after it's been brought up a few levels. Orcs are said to fear it a lot.
    Also make sure to create a macro for your fighting techniques 'Sprint' and
    'Taunt' when you learn them, they are great for catching annoying monsters
    that try to keep their distance from you. (See (6.12) for details.)
    Pick one of the four weapon masteries (Sword/Blunt/Axe/Polearm), or Martial
    Arts if you don't want to use weapons, and always keep it maximized.

- Ranger
    Second only to adventurers regarding versatility rangers excel at a lot of
    skills: They are able to fight well in close combat and may even dual-wield
    two one-handed weapons at once which requires light armour to be efficient.
    This goes well with magic or archery which also would suffer from heavy
    armour.
    Devoted to nature in a similar way as druids rangers will avoid corrupted
    magic such as necromancy. They are however very adept at most other types
    of magic and also skilled trappers. Last but not least rangers display
    great performance with ranged weapons, able to train 'Archery' skill up to
    10.000, which apart from increasing their damage dealt also unlocks various
    special techniques to employ as they see fit.
    Rangers have good stealth, perception, searching, saving throws, and are
    good with magical devices. Rangers can find several different ways out of
    any situation. They use intelligence for spellcasting same as mages, they
    need strength if they rely on fighting in close combat, and they should
    have good dexterity if they aim at training ranged weapons.
    At level 15 rangers learn to find paths passing thick woods, and at 25 they
    have become very able swimmers as well.

    If you're planning to make use of ranged weapons, the first thing you
    should do when you created your character is making a macro for firing your
    bow. Press % and then z to start the macro wizard, and then c to create a
    firing macro. Buy arrows (to use with a bow) in store 1 or store 3 in town
    and put them in your quiver (w key). Crossbows require bolts, slings shots.

    Hint: Make sure to create a macro for your fighting techniques 'Sprint' and
    'Taunt' when you learn them, which you do pretty early on. They are great
    for catching annoying monsters that try to keep their distance from you.
    (See (6.12) for details about fighting techniques.)
    Since rangers can dual-wield and you start with light armour which is
    required for dual-wielding you might want to buy a secondary weapon right
    away, for example a cheap dagger, or even dispose of your starter weapon
    completely and go with two cheap, light weapons instead. (See (6.2) for
    details on dual-wielding.)

- Adventurer
    Adventurers are hardy and versatile, they have no preferred way of fighting
    or magic, and can adapt to any situation at hand.
    They have no big big strengths nor weaknesses.
    Adventurers can train nearly all skills, but do not excel at any specific
    one. The size of their mana pool depends on both their intelligence and
    their wisdom in equal parts.
    Adventurers are often hybrids that combine various features of different
    and more distinct classes in one character, creating unusual mixtures of
    abilities.

    Hint: Adventurers are difficult to play for beginners because to fully
    utilize them you need to know exactly what you are trying to achieve and
    how you want to distribute their skill points to make them effective.

- Druid
    Druids are able to call upon the mystical powers of nature. Their wisdom
    is of primary importance to determine their mana and success chances when
    casting spells. Apart from the druidic schools, the other magic schools
    available to druids use intelligence for determining spell success chance.
    Druids fight using Martial Arts, which is the only melee skill they are
    able to train, as well as a variety of magic spells. Martial Arts means
    weaponless combats, not even ranged weapons, and only light armour, if any
    at all. (Martial artists actually get bonus armour class for each slot of
    armour that has no item equipped in it.)
    Druids can shapechange into several forms (mostly animals) without having
    to fight or kill them in order to learn those forms. Instead they learn
    one or more new forms automatically every five character levels.
    Druids are able to always use their full equipment, even while transformed
    into a monster that usually cannot wield certain items. Because of this,
    going with a 'fruit bat' body modification in character creation would be
    especially ineffective for druids.
    Despising the use of weapons they aren't as superb at close combat as
    warriors, but their Martial Arts training will make up for that and allow
    them quite a respectable performance.
    Druids learn how to quickly pass through thick forest at level 10 --
    note though that they can already do this at level 5 by simply polymorphing
    into an animal ('m' key), since all animals can pass forest easily.
    To review which forms you can transform into, use the /ex command.
    To see an overview of the forms and their abilities, see (6.7b).

    Hint: Druids have a powerful ranged area attack spell they can use very
    early on, Toxic Moisture. Look for it in the book store right away.
    Also make sure to create a macro for your fighting technique 'Sprint' when
    you learn it, which you do pretty early on. It is great for catching
    annoying monsters that try to keep their distance from you. (See (6.12).)
    As martial artists, druids do not require any armour early on in the game,
    it could even lower their AC instead of improving it.
    Always keep your Martial Arts skill maximized.

- Shaman
    Shamans are able to call upon both spiritual and magical powers, whatever
    they deem most appropriate. Their mind is also trained in a very versatile
    manner, allowing them to collect energy from intelligence or wisdom,
    whatever currently is easiest for them!
    Shamans are able to shapeshift same as mimics (see mimics above for details
    about how to learn forms) but they are limited to animals, trolls, giants,
    dragons and dragonriders, angels, hybrid creatures, golems, spirits,
    elementals and ghosts.
    However, they may use the latter three types while still wearing their full
    equipment and they are always able to move straight even if the creature in
    whose shape they appear usually moves erratically - these two are feats
    that mimics cannot achieve.
    Shamans learn elemental ('E') forms especially quickly.
    Note that shamans cannot use non-living or undead forms except for ghosts,
    spirits, elementals and golems.
    While they are excellent at magic they have weaker combat abilities than
    rangers or paladins but still don't need to hide from a melee if trained
    properly.
    Their spiritual abilities allow them to easily train various aspects of
    necromancy as they see fit. Accordingly at level 20 shamans learn to
    perceive the invisible.

    Hint: Maybe there's a friendly mimicry-user around who can forge some
    'Rings of Polymorphing' for you from forms he or she no longer uses.
    In the beginning shamans have few hit points and skill point distribution
    isn't easy either, that's why this class is not recommended for beginners.
    As for all shape-shifters going with fruit bat body modification is not
    recommended, since it will restrict your equipment even if you polymorph.
    Note that all 'O' Ogre type monsters count as 'giants' too, so their forms
    are usable in shaman mimicry.

- Runemaster
    Runemasters use arcane symbols or 'runes' to summon pure elemental magic.
    They use their intelligence and dexterity to both manipulate and protect
    themselves from the fickle and dangerous forces of their art.
    Runemasters are not the most dedicated or systematic of adventurers, and
    often rely on flashy tricks and sleight-of-hand. Because of this, and their
    tendency towards thievery, they are often mistaken for rogues.
    This roguish nature allows them to train in specific weapon proficiencies,
    although their lack of dedication leaves 'Weaponmastery' as an unattainable
    goal. Runemasters are adept in some skills that are typical for rogues, 
    although they lack their finesse. Runemasters are unable to to train in the
    martial arts, but specialize in the use of boomerangs. High level users of
    runecraft may even enhance their equipment (1 weapon, 1 armor) through the 
    use of runic 'sigils', applying some resistance or boni according to the
    applied element.

    For more information about runecraft, see '(6.8b) Runes & Runemastery'.
    Note that runemasters don't need actual runes in their inventory to cast
    runespells. However, having the physical runes present can mitigate spell
    backlash and are required for the 'sigil' type runespell.

    Hint: Runespells cause backlash on failure if you don't have the physical
    runes in your inventory. For that reason you should use basic elemental
    spells in the beginning, against which you can easily acquire the required
    resistance, for example by buying a ring or amulet from the magic store.
    If you want to test rune combinations that pose a risk of going wrong
    badly, do so in the arena of the 'Arena Monster Challenge' event so you
    will get away unscathed.

- Mindcrafter
    Mindcrafters are great melee fighters who additionally train the use of
    telepathy to unleash spells formed by their psychic powers.
    Their intellect is superior compared to primitive warriors, making them calm
    and silent fighters who are hard to read and are dangerously sharp.
    They have a lot of possibilities to positively or negatively influence the
    minds of others. However, their repertoire is more limited against
    creatures of little or no intelligence.
    Their primary attribute is intelligence, which determines their spell
    fail rates as well as the majority of their mana pool. Also somewhat
    affecting their mana pool are charisma and wisdom, although they are 
    of no importance to become an able telepathy user.
    Aside from intelligence as primary spell-casting stat they will also want
    decent strength for engaging in close combat.
    Putting on heavy head gear (above 4.0 lb) will negatively impact their
    amount of psychic energy.
    Mindcrafters will learn to resist sanity-draining effects a bit at level
    10, and somewhat better even at level 20.
    A lot of their spells can actually be cast while blinded (or even
    confused), and their targetted spells often do not require a clean line of
    sight, since they manifest whereever their mind is focussed on (e.g.
    Psionic Blast).
    Their spells also cannot be reflected by monsters for that same reason.
    Some of the mindcrafters' spells that interact with party members
    will require them to prepare and open their mind for telepathic
    for telepathic contact. This is done by the party members by
    pressing 'p'. Pressing it again will disable further telepathic attempts.
    The effects of some necromancy skills are distracting to mindcrafters, so
    training them will require more effort.
    They are able to detect 'Telepath' ego monsters via ESP which usually are
    able to conceal their presence telepathically versus all other classes.
    Mindcrafters are also able to resist malicious mind-affecting effects better
    than others, for example, mind-blanking or psionic attacks.
    Mindcrafters learn to judge their own sanity much more accurately as they
    gain levels, getting a more detailed sanity display at level 10, 20 and 40
    (same as other characters get when they actually train 'Health' skill to
    10, 20 or 40).

    Hint: Mindcrafters have a powerful ranged attack spell they can use very
    early on, Psionic Blast. Look for it in the book store right away.
    Also get the spell 'Autokinesis I' early on, which is like phase door.
    Pick one of the four weapon masteries (Sword/Blunt/Axe/Polearm), or Martial
    Arts if you don't want to use weapons, and always keep it maximized.


As you gain levels, you will get new titles. These are displayed between
your class name and your character level in the main window. If you die and
become a ghost, the title will change to 'Ghost' until you get revived.
Titles change every 5 levels, the final Title is received on level 50.
From level 60 and upwards there are special titles available which probably
very few players will ever acquire.

Here is a table showing boni/mali of the different races:
'Blows/Round' is the maximum number of melee attacks per round a character can
have basing on strength and dexterity and on the weapon's weight.
To that maximum of blows per round further boni are added, like extra blows
from a specific weapon-type mastery or from rings of extra attacks or magical
influence from priest prayer 'Zeal'.
Note that these blows/round limits don't count for Martial Arts users (as long
as they fight barehanded). See (5.4) for a table of MA attacks.
"Parrying" is done with weapons, while "blocking" is done with a shield;
See (6.11) for details about parry and block.

(Di:Disarming,      MD:Magic Device,        ST:Saving Throw,    St:Stealth,
Pe:Perception (sight range), Sr:Searching,  Fi:Fighting,        BT:Bows/Throw)

            STR INT WIS DEX CON CHR     HP die   Exp%   Max. base blows/round
            Di  MD  ST  St  Pe  Sr  Fi  BT              Parrying/Blocking
            Di  MD  ST  St  Pe  Sr  Fi  BT (relative modifiers, see (6.3))
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Warrior     +5  -2  -2  +2  +2  -1      +10       +0%       6
            25  18  18   1   2  14  70  55              superb   superb
            10   7  10   0   0   0  45  40
Istar       -5  +3   0  +1  -2  +1       +0      +35%       1
            30  36  30   2  20  16  34  20              bad      bad
             7  13   9   0   0   0  15  15
Priest      -1  -3  +3  -1   0  +2       +4      +20%       4
            25  25  32   2   8  16  48  35              poor     poor
             7  10  12   0   0   0  20  15
Rogue       +2  +1  -2  +3  +1  -1       +5      +15%       5
            45  28  28   5  32  24  60  66              superb   fair
            15  10  10   0  10  10  40  40
Mimic       +1   0   0  +1  +1  -4       +6      +30%       5
            25  34  28   1  18  18  60  46              good     good
             9  10  10   0   0   0  40  25
Archer      +1   0  +2  +3  +1  -1       +5      +10%       3
            30  22  28   2  20  24  56  72              fair     fair
             8   7  10   0   0   0  30  50
Paladin     +3  -3  +1   0  +2  +2       +8      +30%       5
            10  21  54   1  16  13  60  40              good     superb
             2   8  10   0   2   0  35  10
Ranger      +2  +2  -1  +1  +2   0       +7      +35%       5
            34  32  30   5  30  30  50  60              superb   fair
            10  10  10   0   5  15  30  45
Adventurer   0   0   0   0   0   0       +6      +25%       4
            20  22  20   3  15  15  50  50              fair     fair
            10  10  10   0   5   5  25  25
Druid       +1   0  +2  -2  -2  +1       +5      +35%       4
            30  35  30   4  25  25  50  44              fair     fair
             8  11  10   0   5  10  20  25
Shaman       0  +1  +2  -2   0   0       +3      +40%       4
            10  30  30   4  30  20  45  23              poor     poor
             0  11  10   0   5   3  20  12
Runemaster  +1  +2  -3  +3  -3  -3       +5      +20%       4
            30  23  20   2  30  20  45  40              fair     fair
             0  11  10   0   5   3  20  20
Mindcrafter +2  +2   0   0   0  +1       +6      +25%       5
            30  28  36   3  35  14  55  45              good     fair
             0   9   5   0   3   3  26  25


For melee characters, it's especially vital to know how many blows per round
they will get right after character creation, to avoid them being unnecessarily
weak during low-mid levels.
So a melee-oriented character should make sure to start with sufficient
STRength and DEXterity to be able to get at least 2 blows/round with the
lightest possible weapons. (Getting more bpr with heavy weapons is a luxury
that will have to be put aside until later in the game.)

Note that a (heavier) startup weapon at 2 bpr might beat a very light weapon at
3 bpr for a few levels at the beginning, maybe up to 4 or so. So you can wait
for a little a bit until spending $ on it.


(6.5a) Start-up Blows/Round Table
---------------------------------
Here is a table, showing you some bpr numbers you can expect your newly
created character to have, depending on certain combinations of class, STR,
DEX, given for both, lightest possible weapon and startup weapon:
(Don't forget that some classes can dual-wield, adding an extra +1 bpr on top!)

Note: 'Light' weapon may refer to as low as 3.0 lb (varies depending on STR
      and DEX - any weapon that weighs at most 3.0 lb will definitely work).

Class           STR     DEX     Light weapon    Startup weapon
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Warrior         18      10      2               1
                18/10   all     2               1
                18/30   all     3               1-2 (depends on weapon)
                18/50   all     3               2
                18/50   18/10   4               2
                18/70..110  *   3-4             3 (depends on weapon)

Istar           -

Priest          18/50   10      3               2
                18/10   10      2               1

Rogue           15      18/10   2               2
                18/10   18/50   3               3
                18/20   18/10   3               3

Mimic           similar to priest, also:
                18/30   18/10   3               2

Archer          -

Paladin         18/10   10      2               1
                18/20   10      2               1-2 (depends on weapon)
                18/30   10      3               2

Ranger          similar to priest, also:
                18/50   10      3               2-3 (depends on weapon)
                18/30   18/10   3               2-3 (depends on weapon)

Adventurer      similar to paladin, also:
                18/30   18/10   3               2-3 (depends on weapon)

Druid           -

Shaman          similar to priest

Runemaster      similar to rogue

Mindcrafter     similar to ranger

So if you're playing a melee-oriented characer, make sure you start with at
least 2 bpr (in some cases you might have to buy very light weapon and discard
your starter weapon to achieve this)!

If you think it's strange that 'Mimic fights similar to Priest' keep in mind
that this is not about actual melee potential, but rather about some sort of
'blows/round improvement curve' displayed by a class. If a class is busy
studying other things in parallel (magic), its learning curve gets less steep.
This, however, doesn't determine its final performance, which is actually
given by the 'Max. base blows/round' shown further above, and other parameters.



(6.6) Sanity (or insanity..)
----------------------------
Your sanity can have the following values:
Sound, Sane, Weird, Insane, Mad, Vegetable.

If you spend 10 points on your 'Health' skill, the sanity display will turn
into a bar, displaying exacter values. At 20 points you'll get the percentage
displayed. At 40 the value will be shown.

At the beginning, your sanity is always 'Sound'. That means you are completely
sane. Monsters or traps can reduce your sanity. If your sanity drops below 0,
your mind will be qualified as an unthinking vegetable, this means your
character is permanently dead, so be extremely cautious! Fortunately there are
potions available that cure your sanity, although they are not very common and
cannot be bought in shops. Wisdom helps against insanity by inceasing your
'sanity capacity'. As you gain levels, your sanity capacity will also increase.
However, this means IF your sanity drops to dangerous regions, you will need
more potions to cure it.

If your sanity is lowered, there's an increasing chance that flashbacks will
storm your head, leaving you with mad visions for a while..

When your sanity suffers from an attack, you'll see a light red message in the
message window telling you so, instead of the usual white or yellow combat
messages, to make it easily visible.

Certain classes such as priests or mindcrafters may depending on their skills
be able to cure insanity.



(6.7) Mimicry details
---------------------
If a mimic polymorphs into a certain monster form, abilities and stats will be
averaged between the normal ('@') body and the form. In most cases if the form
is performing worse than @-form in a certain ability, the @-form will dominate
and the ability will be only slightly worse than normal.
The averaging is done because the mimic with all his equipment polymorphs into
the target form. It's not like the polymorphing is done first and afterwards
armour, weapon or jewelry is equipped.
So wearing a ring of protection for example won't plainly add to the mimic's
AC but just contribute to the @-form AC which is then averaged in the process
of determining the final form's AC.
How exactly stats are calculated is written below for each case.

If a mimic wields a weapon while using a form which usually cannot use weapons
the number of blows per round will be set to 1 (regardless of extra attacks).
(This only really applies to druids, shamans or perma-cursed weapons (5.14)).

To find out the special abilities of a monster form, press  ~ 7  in game or
consult a spoiler file. (See (7.4) for more info about spoiler files.)
It's abilities will transform to the mimic's body as follows.


Form aspects as specified in  ~ 7  monster lore:
(Make sure to keep your r_info.txt spoiler file up to date, as the lore
displayed via ~7 is derived from it.)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
W: depth : rarity : corpse weight : experience for kill
  depth:
    The depth is also the basic level of these monsters. It tells you how
    many of them you need to kill to learn mimicking their form.
    The level has additional use for calculating the mimic's final hit points
    regarding very high character levels (see 'hit points' below).
  corpse weight:
    The weight of the form has impact on its stealth. A huge form that weighs
    a lot will give a stealth penalty, while small and light forms may give a
    bonus.

I: speed : hit points : vision : armor class : alertness
  speed:
    110 means normal speed. If the monster is faster, the mimic will
    receive a speed bonus of 30% of the monster's speed above 110.
    If the monster is slower, the mimic will receive a speed malus of
    20% of the monster's speed malus below 110.
    So a monster moving at 130 speed will give the mimic +6 speed.
  hit points:
    The monster's hit dice xdy are multiplied and then somewhat capped against
    ~2500, so HP gain might decrease in higher regions. (Cap details: The
    monster HP is calculated by the following formula before further
    calculations are made: monster HP = 50000 / ((50000 / hdice*hsides) + 20).)
    Now, if the mimic's HP are less then the result, the mimic's HP will
    become approx. ((3*x*y) + (2*normal_HP)) / 5. (2/5 monster HP, 3/5 player
    HP.) If the mimic's HP in player form (code 0) are greater than x*y, the
    resulting HP will be ((x*y * 4) + (mimic_HP * 1)) / 5.
    (1/5 monster HP, 4/5 player HP!)
    A specialty: Players in very high character levels can see their hit points
    'overtake' the monster form hit points, if the monster form level isn't
    very high in comparison. Example: While a green dragonrider will provide a
    great HP boost, if the player himself has reached say level 70 and has lots
    of HP even in normal form, the green DR hit points won't add much anymore.
    If however the monster has high hit points and also a very high level, the
    monster HP will 'stay ahead' of the player hit points ie keep adding a
    steady bonus that will put him well ahead of his player-form hit points.
    So players of very high character level who want to retain a large bonus of
    hit points will want to look for forms of monsters which are also of
    relatively high level.
  armour class:
    Mimicking a monster is already a very difficult task. By changing
    shape, the usual armour class of the monster will magically influence
    the armour class of the player.
    Depending on the body parts of the monster, its AC has different
    influence on the player. The following formula helps:
    body_influence = 0.
    if the monster has a head, body_influence is increased by 1.
    if the monster has a torso, body_influence is increased by 3.
    if the monster has arms, body_influence is increased by 2.
    if the monster has legs, body_influence is increased by 1.
    calc_ac = monster_AC * 14 / (7 + body_influence)
    Now if calc_ac is smaller than the player's AC, the final AC will be
    (3/4 player_base_AC) + (3/4 player_magical_to_AC) + (1/4 calc_ac).
    Otherwise, the final AC will be
    (1/2 player_base_AC) + (1/2 player_magical_to_AC) + (1/2 calc_ac).
  vision:
    Searching ability of the player =
    (player_searching / 2) + (monster_vision / 10)
    Perception of the player = 
    (player_perception / 2) + (monster_vision / 10)

E: weapons : torso : arms : finger : head : leg
    These values indicate how many pieces of equipment the player can
    wear while using this form. For example snakes can only wear a helmet
    (E:0:0:0:0:1:0).
    NOTE: Mimics can never wear MORE items than in their normal form. So
    even a form with 8 legs would allow only 1 pair of boots to be equipped!

B: attack method : attack effect : damage
  attack effect:
    POISON,DISEASE,FIRE,COLD,ELEC,ACID:
      If the monster poisons or infects with disease, this will result in
      a poison brand. Similar it's for fire/cold/lightning/acid attacks.
    BLIND won't work on monsters that have NO_SLEEP, otherwise the target
      will be confused.
    HALLUCINATION and CONFUSE won't work on monsters that have NO_CONF,
      otherwise the target will be confused.
    TERRIFY won't work on monsters that have NO_FEAR, otherwise it'll
      scare the target.
    PARALYZE won't work on monsters that have NO_STUN, otherwise it'll
      stun the target.
    EXP_xx means the monster drains life on attacking. The player will
      receive HOLD_LIFE (resist life-draining attacks) from this form.
    SHATTER will result in a bonus to player's STRength attribute.
    LOSE_xxx will give the according sustenance.

    Monster effects (like poisoning or paralyzing) are applied to
    the player's attacks with a probability that corresponds to their
    rarity over the up to 4 monster attacks per round.
    Example for 'Ghoul' form:
    If the monster has 3 blows per round and one of them is poisoning,
    the other two are paralyzing, the mimic will have 1/3 chance to do
    a poison branded attack and 2/3 chance to do a stunning attack.

    These effects won't be applied if one of the following conditions
    is met:
    a) The player is doing a ranged attack.
       (Effects only work with melee attacks!)
    b) The player uses a weapon but the monster doesn't have an
       equipment slot for melee weapons, because it has no arms or is
       immaterial.

    Melee to-damage bonus also depends on the monster form:
    The monster damage dice for each attack are multiplied and the products
    are all added up, the result is divided by 4.
    The result is now capped against 200, the closer this graph comes towards
    200 the flatter the curve will become.
    This value is now compared against the player's melee to-damage bonus.
    If (monDam > toDam) then newToDam = 1/2 toDam + 1/2 monDam.
    If (monDam < toDam) then newToDam = 3/4 toDam + 1/4 monDam.
    So the monster damage has only a small influence if it's lower than
    the player's to-damage bonus, but it has a high influence if the
    monster is more powerful than the player.

F: flag list
    The flags are translated to mimic abilities as follows:
    RES_xxx     Gives the mimic the specific resistance.
    IM_xxx      Gives the mimic the specific immunity! If a form offers
                more than 1 immunity, one will be picked randomly, the
                remaining ones will turn into resistances. Potions of
                self-knowledge are helpful here.
                Note that you can set the desired immunity in 'm' menu ->
                'Use innate power' -> 'Set preferred immunity'. It will be
                picked if the form you polymorph into can provide it.
    PASS_WALL   Will allow the mimic to pass walls like a ghost.
                These immaterial forms also drain the hit points of their
                user.
    KILL_WALL   The mimic will dig *easily* through walls.
    REGENERATE  Faster hit point regeneration.
    CAN_SWIM    The player can pass water fields without problems.
    CAN_FLY     The player can fly.
    STUPID      -2 intelligence.
    SMART       +2 intelligence.
    NO_CONF     Confusion resistance.
    NO_FEAR     Fear resistance.
    NO_SLEEP    Free action.
    NO_STUN     Sound resistance.
    NO_CUT      The player can't be cut and won't bleed continously from
                wounds.
    DISBELIEVE  Will increase the player's anti-magic field by
                ((monsterlevel / 2) + 10) percent. The range of the anti-magic
                field is increased by ((monsterlevel / 50) + 2) fields.
    ARROW_1, ARROW_2, ARROW_3
                The player will receive an extra shot per round with slings or
                bows since the monster seems to be good at shooting.
                If the monster shoots 1_IN_3 or better, the player will
                receive an additional extra shot (with crossbows too).
    HURT_ROCK   Means that this creature has a rock-like skin and body.
                Takes damage from Stone-To-Mud and takes more damage from
                'disintegration' attacks, but at the same time resists shards!
    WILD_WOOD   The player (like the monster) can pass trees.
    WILD_MOUNTAIN or WILD_VOLCANO
                The player (like the monster) can climb mountains.
    WILD_TOO without any other WILD_xxx flags:
                Combines all WILD_xxx effects (such as WILD_WOOD and
                WILD_MOUNTAIN)!
    INVISIBLE   The player becomes invisible (see (5.16) for details).
    AURA_FIRE or AURA_ELEC
                The player receives an aura.
    SUSCEP_FIRE/SUSCEP_COLD/SUSCEP_ELEC/SUSCEP_ACID/SUSCEP_POIS
                The player is susceptible against these attacks. Dangerous!
    WIERD_MIND/RES_PSI
                Insanity attacks are reduced a little bit. (Overrides S-flags)
    EMPTY_MIND/IM_PSI
                Insanity attacks are reduced somewhat. (Overrides S-flags)
    AQUATIC     Gives superb water resistance.
    NEVER_MOVE  Using this form, the player won't be able to move (except for
                teleportation/phasing/recalling).
    RAND_25     The player has +10% chance of moving randomly.
    RAND_50     The player has +20% chance of moving randomly.
    OPEN_DOOR   This form can open doors.
    BASH_DOOR   This form can bash doors
                (useful to forms that cannot OPEN_DOORs!).
    HURT_LITE   This form will take 2x damage from light attacks.

    For all racial flags such as ANIMAL, SPIDER, EVIL, DEMON etc please see the
    list of racial abilities further below.

S: spell list
    These spells can be cast by the monster. Most of them are available to
    the mimic too, some of them have slightly different effects.
    The chance to successfully use such a monster power is affected by the
    mimic's intelligence (INT).
    Depending on how frequently the monster is able to cast spells, the player
    gets boni on intelligence and mana! This only applies if the spells are in
    fact magic spells, not if the monster cannot do anything except firing
    missiles, shrieking or shooting arrows (etc).
    If the creature is able to cast 1_IN_3, the player receives +1 INT and
    +20% Mana bonus (of base mana, same way +MANA items work).
    If the creature is able to cast 1_IN_2, the player receives +3 INT and
    +35% Mana bonus (of base mana, same way +MANA items work).
    If the creature is able to cast 1_IN_1, the player receives +4 INT and
    +50% Mana bonus (of base mana, same way +MANA items work).

    About specific spells:
    BR_xxx      (breathing) will give the according resistance to the player
                (if that specific attack CAN be resisted at all).
    BR_PLASMA   gives plasma & fire resistance.
    BR_GRAVITY  gives feather falling (levitation).
    BR_INERTIA  gives free action.
    MIND_BLAST  Insanity attacks are reduced a little bit.
    BRAIN_SMASH Insanity attacks are reduced somewhat.
    The mana costs of mimic spells are fixed, the success chance is relatively
    fixed too although it benefits somewhat from 'Magic' skill.

Especially interesting spells of mimics are 'Blink' (Phase Door) and
'Teleport'. These usually cost very little mana and can be very helpful,
so you might want to create macros for them.


Further, certain races get additional fixed abilities
(even if they are not explicitely mentioned in ~7):
-----------------------------------------------------
Bats            Feather falling (levitation).
Elves           Resist light.
Dark-Elves      Resist darkness.
Hobbits         Dexterity bonus of +2 for not wearing shoes. (Or 'Halflings'.)
Gnomes          Free action.
(Dwarves        Blindness resistance, climbing at level 30.)
(High-Elves     Resist light, see invisible.)
Yeeks           Feather falling (levitation).
(Ents           Slow digestion, speed - 2, sensitive to fire, see invisible at
                level 4, can swim, pass trees.)
All animals     Able to pass trees.
All spiders     Able to pass mountains, able to pass spider webs.
All ghosts      See invisible, Infra-vision +3.
All orcs        Resist darkness.
All trolls and giants
                Sustain strength.
All dragonriders
                ESP_DRAGON at level 5, feather falling (levitation),
                flying at level 30.
All evil creatures
                Becomes susceptible to certain 'good' or 'holy' effects.
All undead creatures
                Resist darkness, blindness, poison (usually immunity, depends
                on ~7 flags);
                can't bleed (no_cut), infra-vision +1, insanity attacks are
                reduced by a little bit.
                Becomes susceptible to 'life', which concerns some healing or
                cleansing effects mostly.
                However, at the same time they become gorged less quickly when
                for example quaffing lots of healing potions quickly.
                Take 2x damage from holy orbs or holy fire and suffer
                from many 'good' effects/spells (even more so than demons).
All greater demons (capital 'U')
                Resist poison (usually immunity, depends on ~7 flags).
                Take 2x damage from holy orbs or holy fire and suffer
                from a couple of 'good' effects/spells (similar to undead).
All non-living creatures
                Resist poison (usually even immune, depends on ~7 flags)
                and fear; insanity attacks are reduced somewhat.
All vampires and vampiric monsters (vampire bats and others)
                Vampires are susceptible to light.
                Chance to drain life on attacking in melee.
                Vampire bats and mist have 100% chance to do a vampiric attack,
                real vampire forms (and vampiric ixitxachitl) have 50% chance
                (half their attacks are hits, the other half is biting).
                For details see '(5.15) Vampirism'.
All angels      Resist light, blindness and poison (usually immunity, see
                ~7 flags), resist fear, resist confusion, see invisible,
                strong resistance to insanity-inducing attacks.
                Note: 'Fallen Angel' doesn't get light/confusion resistances.

Keep in mind that by changing forms you can potentially lose abilities that
you had in player form, because they were bound to your normal form.
Example: An ent mimic won't drown in water, but if it polymorphs into an orc,
it loses the intrinsic ability to pass water since orcs aren't made of wood.


Attributes and miscellaneous abilities can also be affected by certain aspects
of the monster form you use:
----------------------------
(Note that all bonus aspects stack, so a troll might get much more than just +1
to strength, because he's also quite heavy and therefore gets another bonus.)
STR     Melee damage: -1..+4 (-1 won't apply if creature is very heavy though)
        Earthquaking melee hits: +1 each
        Body weight: +1..+3
        Bears: +1
        Trolls: +1
        Giants: +1
        Dragons (mature and higher): +1
INT     Cast speed (1_IN_1 to 1_IN_3): +1..+5
        (will also give up to +50% base mana)
        STUPID creatures: -2
        SMART creatures: +2
DEX     Halfling forms when no boots are worn: +2
        Rogues: +1..+2
        Monks/Master warriors: +1
        Ninjas/Mystics: +2
        Cats: +2
CHR     Dragonriders: +1
        Small, non-nasty animals: +1
        Spiders, orcs: -1
        Trolls, giants: -2
        Nonliving/evil creatures: -1
        Undead/demons: -2
        GOOD creatures: +2

Stealth         Body weight: -4..+3
Infra-Vision    Undead in general: +1
                Ghosts specifically: +3


Intrinsic abilities that aren't kept when changing forms:
---------------------------------------------------------
Characters keep certain racial abilities even if they change form, while some
other abilities might not persist through polymorphing. The following abilities
will NOT remain active when changing shape, ie are not "polymorph-proof":

Hobbit:
    +DEX bonus from not wearing shoes.
Dwarf:
    Climbing.
Yeek:
    Pass trees.
Ent:
    Speed malus (will be reduced), swimming, pass trees.
Draconian:
    Feather falling, flying.


(6.7a) Polymorph rings:
-----------------------
There are two types of polymorph rings, those which already provide a monster
form and those which can still be forged by a mimic. Latter ones are named
'Rings of Polymorphing of Player', while the first ones are named after the
monster form.

A player can use a ring that carries a monster form, by wearing it and
activating it. The user needs a mimicry skill of at least 1/2 the level of
the monster in order to activate the ring and must be eligible to use that form
in general (shamans cannot use certain forms). The ring will disintegrate and
the player will polymorph into the according form for the number of turns the
ring specified. The turns are depending on floor speed, which means they will
run out faster on shallow levels and slower on deeper levels relative to
real time, but in fact always at same speed in character time! (See (4.14) for
more information about the in-game time system.)
As a rule of thumb, a dungeon turn lasts about 1 second on average (noticably
less in town or very shallow levels).
However, the remaining polymorph duration will stop decreasing while you are
in a town and surrounding area, so you don't have to hurry while shopping.
If a character activates a poly ring and then manually polymorphs into another
form, the remaining form duration is saved so he can turn back into the ring's
form later. Only one ring form can be saved at a time.

Players can also create monster rings out of 'polymorph player' rings, by
mimicking the according form, then wearing the ring and activating it.
The ring will turn into a ring of polymorphing of the current monster form.
However, to create such a ring it is required that the player has already
learnt that form. All of his knowledge will be absorbed into the ring, so
the player will completely forget the form and have to re-learn it if he
wants to use it again!

The level of the ring will change depending on the form. Here are some levels:
form level              ring level
----------------------------------
      0 (townspeople)        5
      1                      5
     15                     14
     30                     22
     60                     36
     80                     43
    100 (theoretical)       50

Polymorph rings contain a certain amount of energy that cannot be changed,
which determined for how long the player will keep the form until he polymorphs
back to normal.
If a player forges a ring, his magic device skill helps to obtain a high
amount of energy in the ring.


(6.7b) Druid form details
-------------------------
The according polymorph code is given in parentheses below the creature name.
Note: Some forms can open doors, others may try to bash doors.
      Also, all animal forms are able to travel through woods.
You can use the /ex command in game to see which forms you can use, and what
polymorph code they have.

Level 5:
--------
Cave bear               tough; can pass mountain terrain
(Code 160)

Panther                 speedy
(Code 198)

Level 10:
---------
Grizzly bear            same as Cave Bear, but tougher
(Code 191)

Yeti                    can pass mountain terrain;
(Code 154)              is immune to cold but susceptible to fire

Level 15:
---------
Griffon                 can fly; can pass mountain terrain
(Code 279)

Sasquatch               speedy; similar to Yeti, but not susceptible to fire
(Code 343)

Level 20:
---------
Werebear                same as Grizzly Bear, but tougher
(Code 414)

Great eagle             speedy; can fly; passes most terrain types
(Code 335)

Great White shark       speedy and tough aquatic(*) form
(Code 898)              (aquatic means that it requires deep water to breathe
                        and greatly resists water-based attacks)

Aranea                  a speedy greater spider;
(Code 963)              all melee attacks are poisonous;
                        resists fire, completely immune to poison;
                        susceptible to light and to 'good' (creature is evil);
                        has a small array of magic spells at its disposal

Level 25:
---------
Wyvern                  speedy; can fly; passes most terrains;
(Code 334)              25% poisonous melee attacks;
                        immune to poison; susceptible to 'good'

Multi-hued Hound        resists fire/cold/lightning/acid/poison and is immune
(Code 513)              to one of those five elements;
                        can't be confused or paralyzed;
                        can breathe the five elements mentioned above

Level 30:
---------
5-headed hydra          tough and speedy; can swim;
(Code 440)              all melee attacks are poisonous; immune to poison;
                        can cast fear and poison ball

Minotaur                tough and very speed; susceptible to 'good'
(Code 641)

Giant squid             tough and speedy aquatic(*) creature;
(Code 482)              resists cold/acid/lightning/poison;
                        can breathe lightning, acid and poison

Level 35:
---------
7-headed hydra          tough and speedy; can swim;
(Code 614)              poisonous (75%) and blinding (25%) melee attacks;
                        immune to poison;
                        can cast fear, poison ball, and breathe poison

Elder aranea            speedy and smart (INT bonus) greater spider;
(Code 964)              50% of melee attacks are poisonous;
                        resists darkness, fire, poison;
                        immune to either fire or poison;
                        susceptible to 'good' and to light;
                        can't be confused or paralyzed;
                        regenerates HP quickly;
                        has a medium array of spells at its disposal

Plasma hound            speedy;
(Code 726)              resists plasma, sound, light; immune to fire;
                        susceptible to cold;
                        can't be cut/stunned/confused or paralyzed;
                        can breathe plasma

Level 40:
---------
11-headed hydra         speedy and toughest hydra; can swim;
(Code 688)              fiery attacks;
                        immune to fire;
                        has a small array of fire/fear spells

Giant Roc               speedy giant bird; deals high damage;
(Code 640)              can fly; passes most terrains;
                        immune to electricity; resists sound;
                        can't be paralyzed or confused;

Lesser kraken           speedy, smart and very tough aquatic(*) creature;
(Code 740)              resists lightning, cold, darkness, poison;
                        completely immune to either water attacks or poison;
                        can't be paralyzed or confused;
                        has a medium size array of spells;

Level 45:
---------
Maulotaur               like Minotaur, but tougher; stupid (INT malus);
(Code 723)              immune to fire; resists teleportation attacks;
                        can cast plasma bolt and fire ball

Winged Horror           speedy winged creature; can fly;
(Code 704)              resists cold, poison, darkness, nether, life drain;
                        immune to either cold or poison;
                        susceptible to 'good';
                        can breathe nether, darkness and poison

Level 50:
---------
Spectral Tyrannosaur    speedy undead animal;
(Code 705)              has 25% scaring attacks;
                        resists nexus, teleportation attacks, nether,
                        life drain, cold, acid and poison;
                        becomes immune to one of cold/acid/poison;
                        susceptible to 'good' and 'life';
                        can't be cut, scared, confused or paralyzed;
                        can breathe nexus, poison and nether

Greater kraken          speedy, smart and extremely tough aquatic(*) creature;
(Code 775)              resists cold, poison, lightning, acid, darkness;
                        completely immune to one of lightning/poison/water;
                        susceptible to 'good';
                        can cast from a large array of spells

Jabberwock              fabulous very speedy and tough hybrid creature that
(Code 778)              deals high damage;
                        can fly;
                        resists teleportation attacks and chaos;
                        can curse and breathe chaos

Level 55:
---------
Horned Serpent          speedy and tough; can swim and pass mountain terrain;
(Code 1131)             33% poisonous attacks;
                        resists poison, acid, fire, water attacks,
                        becomes immune to either poison or acid;
                        can't be scared, confused or paralyzed;
                        can cast fear and breathe acid and poison

Level 60:
---------
Firebird                speedy and tough; can fly and passes most terrains;
(Code 1127)             fiery attacks and fire aura;
                        immune to fire and susceptible to cold;
                        resists poison, plasma and light;
                        regenerates HP quickly;
                        can breathe fire and light

(*) "Aquatic" means that this form requires deep water to breathe, you will get
    increasingly stunned and continuously take damage if you stay outside of
    deep water, beware.
    Aquatic forms also resist all water-based attacks *greatly*.


(6.7c) Useful low-level humanoid forms for weapon-using mimics
--------------------------------------------------------------
Mimics who use weapons have less choices for forms than martial artists who do
not need to rely on humanoid forms and can just utilize easy-to-get forms such
as fruit bat, wild cat, spiders, birds or hounds right away to great effect.

To use weapons however, the form must be humanoid or very close to it, which
rules out animal forms. To make form-hunting a bit easier in the beginning here
is a list of useful low-level forms that are humanoid and allow the player to
wear/wield full equipment:

Forms you can already get in Bree town:
---------------------------------------
Village idiot    1  Its pretty weak and has slightly erratic movement which can
                    be a bit annoying but it gives a speed bonus which can be
                    somewhat useful when fighting.
Mean-looking mercenary
Battle-scarred veteran
                 1  They can improve your initial HP (hit points) and AC
                    (armour class) fairly well.
                    They both have slightly erratic movement though.

Further forms:
--------------
Note: Nearly all of these actually occur in packs (although some of them might
      also sometimes appear on their own) making them even easier to attain.

Small kobold     1  Actually very weak, but it has poison resistance. This way
(or other kobolds)  this form may help you to kill Rotting corpses (see below)
                    which have poisonous melee attacks. ;)
                    Not really useful other than that.
Novice mage      2  Sort of weak but has 'blink' spell (aka phase door) and
                    more.
                    It occurs solo at depth 2, but in packs at depth 6!
Novice priest    2  Sort of weak but can cast fear/curse and self-heal spells.
                    It occurs solo at depth 2, but in packs at depth 6!
Novice ranger    4  Can pass trees easily. Gives an extra shot with ranged
                    weapons. This can be pretty powerful early on if the
                    character has a decent 'bows/throws' ability or has a bow
                    that is well enchanted to-hit.
                    It occurs solo at depth 4, but in packs at depth 8!
N. mindcrafter   4  Free action, resists confusion and slightly insanity too.
                    Can cast blind/slow/confuse/fear spells.
                    It occurs solo at depth 4, but in packs at depth 8!
Rotting corpse   8  Free action, resists confusion/fear/cold, poison immunity,
                    brands melee attacks with poison, decent AC.
Phantom warrior  8  Useful only for shamans because it has no limbs:
                    This form can pass solid walls!
                    Also gives fear/sound/insanity resistance, free action,
                    poison immunity, and you won't bleed from cuts.
Tengu           10  High HP, good AC, can blink/teleport and more, resists fear
                    and fire, can fly. A secret tip for form hunters!
                    (Does not occur in packs.)
Master yeek     12  Although everyone knows that Yeek = weak, this particular
                    kind of Yeek can cast some interesting magic spells.
                    And as a plus it's actually immune to acid.
Illusionist and Druid
                13  These two have an array of spells at their disposal, one of
                    them being 'Haste' which speeds themselves up temporarily,
                    which can be a very powerful asset.
                    These two monsters appear somewhat rarely though.
                    (Later on, 'Mage' is a mid-level form that also provides
                    haste spell and is actually more common to find.)
                    (These two do not occur in packs.)
Ogre            13  This form can cross thick woods and mountain terrain.
                    Note that Ogres also count as giants which means that
                    shamans can use this form too.
                    (This monster occurs somewhat more rarely than the others.)
Black orc       13  Good HP, good melee damage, +1 extra shot.
Lizard man      16  High HP, can swim easily, resists water, immune to acid.
                    (This monster occurs somewhat more rarely than the others.)
Ogrillon        16  Very high HP for its level, good melee damage.
                    Note that Ogrillons also count as giants which means that
                    shamans can use this form too.
                    (This monster occurs somewhat more rarely than the others.)
Uruk            16  Good HP, good melee damage, good AC, +1 extra shot, poison
                    immunity.
Umber hulk      16  Shamans can use full equipment in this form, others cannot.
                    It's not really strong but it destroys walls just by moving
                    into them, allowing you to tunnel easily without any
                    digging tool.
                    Also it is immune to poison, paralysis and confusion, you
                    won't bleed if you get cut, and its melee attacks may have
                    a slight confusion-effect (which can make fighting it a bit
                    dangerous sometimes).
                    (Does not occur in packs.)
Forest troll    17  High HP, good AC, can pass trees, gives 'HP regeneration'.
Elite uruk      20  Good HP, very high melee damage, good AC, +1 extra shot,
                    poison immunity.
Dark-elven Lord 20  Good HP, resists darkness but is susceptible to light-based
                    attacks. Moves fast and even has a 'Haste' spell in his
                    array of spells that boosts his speed further.
                    This monster occurs somewhat rarely.
                    (Does not occur in packs.)

(The number is the monster level and therefore the amount of monsters you need
to kill to learn the form.)

Of course some of these forms might also be useful for martial arts users.
(Note that martial artists cannot make use of ranged weapons or weapons in
general though, without losing their excellent bare-handed melee skills.)



(6.8) Magic spells and prayers
------------------------------
Istari (mages), rangers, rogues, priests, paladins, druids, shamans,
mindcrafters and even adventurers can cast magic spells, use telepathic powers
(which are the same as spells, technically) or speak prayers.
To do so, they need the according spell scrolls (which contain exactly one
specific spell) or books (such as Codices, Spell Books, Grimoires, Handbooks
or Tomes, that contain several different spells) in their inventory.

The failure rate when attempting to successfully cast a spell is usually shown
when browsing the according spell scroll/crystal, and is determined by your
intelligence or wisdom, and the spell's level. For details see (6.8a).

Spell scrolls and some books can be purchased in store '9' (the 'book store',
usually also sells 'Beginner Cantrips' and sometimes also Codices) or in
'7' (the 'black market' - very expensive but you often find tomes here!).
Book stores in higher-level towns on average also tend to sell higher-level
spells.

Note that you must spend enough points into a particular magic school (or
into sorcery) for the spell turning from grey into green in your spell book,
in order to use that spell. A spell will turn green when its current level has
become at least 1.
A level 'x' spell will requires at least 'x' points in its school before you
can cast it and it turns green. You'll cast it at spell level 1 then. If you
spend more points into that school the spell will become more powerful as its
spell level increases.

Example:
Noxious Cloud is a level 3 spell of the Air school. That means if you spend at
least 3 points into Air school, the spell will become usable and be displayed
as "level 1" in your 'Spell Scroll of Noxious Cloud' you just bought from the
Book Store in Bree (symbol '9').
If you raise your Air school to 6 by spending 3 more points into it, the level
of your Noxious Cloud spell will increase by 3 and now be displayed as
"level 4" in your spell scroll. The spell now deals more damage and lasts
longer than it did on power level 1 when you just barely learned it.

Casting spells on other players:
Magic spells, prayers and druid magic are partially able to be used on fellow
players, this works regardless of whether they are in the same party or not,
the target player just needs to stand next to the caster for it to work.
However, the ways projecting is done differ between magic school types:
- Istari and other users of their magic may cast some magic spells on others
  by summoning an ethereal projector sphere on their mind. While this project
  spell is active, some of their spells will affect not only themselves but
  also those players nearby. The project spell is found in their 'Meta' school
  of magic. It works like a switch. Cast it once to enable projecting, cast it
  again to disable projecting again.
  The spells which are projectable are marked by a '(project)' tag below.
- Priests and other classes who rely on prayers, as well as druids do not use
  any kind of projector sphere. Their spells will always affect fellow players
  nearby.
  The prayers and druid spells which are projected on others are marked by a
  '(auto-project)' tag at the end of the spell description below. 
- Mindcrafter spells either auto-project (same as priest/druid spells described
  above) or require the target player to open his mind ('p' key) to receive the
  spell effect.
- Just for completeness:
  Rune magic that can affect other players does so automatically. (Basically
  same principle as for priests/druids, as described above).

Shared school spells:
Some spells are shared between different schools, occuring possibly but not
necessarily in both of the schools. When a spell is shared between two schools
it means that training in one of those schools will increase the spell level
by only half that amount. So if you want to increase a shared spell by say 5
points, you either have to increase both of its schools by 5, or one of them
by 10.

Magic and holy schools give certain permanent boni and abilities to the player,
when trained to a certain extent. The boni are listed below each school.


Istar schools:
--------------

- Mana

    Manathrust      Casts a powerful mana bolt.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 1.

    Remove Curses   Removes all curses of carried/worn objects.
                    Lv20: Switches to *remove curses*.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 20.

    Elemental Shield
                    Gives temporary resistance to the elements,
                    fire/cold/lightning/acid.                       (project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 20.

    Disruption Shield
                    Conjures a shield that protects you from taking damage.
                    Instead, the shield will consume your mana to absorb it.
                    Only Istari are able to really get the most out of it -
                    they get 1 mana point deducted for each absorbed point of
                    damage. Other classes will instead get 2 mana points
                    deducted for each damage point.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 35.

    BONI:           Mana resistance at 40.


- Fire

    Globe of Light  Creates a globe of magical light.
                    Lv10: Damages monsters.
                    Lv25: Turns into a more powerful kind of light.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 2.

    Fire Bolt       Fires a fire bolt at a target.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 10.

    Fireflash       Conjures a fire ball.
                    Lv20: Turns into holy fire which is especially deadly to
                          evil opponents.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 10.

    Fiery Shield    Creates a shield of flames around you.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 16.

    Firewall        Creates a fire wall to incinerate monsters that cross it.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 20.

    BONI:           Fire resistance at 30,
                    Fire immunity at 50.


- Water

    Frost Bolt      Fires a frost bolt at a target.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 8.

    Tidal Wave      Summons a monstrous tidal wave.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 16.

    Ice Storm       Engulfs you in a storm of roaring cold.
                    Lv15: Turns into a storm of shards of ice.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 22.

    Ent's Potion    Fills your stomach.
                    Lv5: Removes fear.
                    Lv12: Makes you heroic.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 6.

    Vapor           Fills the air around you with toxic moisture
                    (which does pure water damage, not poison).
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 2.

    BONI:           Water resistance at 30,
                    Passing water at 40,
                    Water immunity at 50.


- Air

    Noxious Cloud   Fires a poison cloud at a designated target.
                    Lv30: Unbreath cloud, irresistable.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 3.

    Lightning Bolt  Fires a lightning bolt at a target.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 6.

    Wings of Wind   Grants levitation (feather falling).
                    Lv16: Lets you fly.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 16.
                    Shared spell (see above): Air, Conveyance.

    Invisibility    Turns you invisible.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 30.

    Poison Blood    Gives temporary poison resistance.
                    Lv10: Brands melee weapons with venom.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 22.

    Thunderstorm    Throws thunder bolts at random monsters nearby.
                    (33% lightning, 33% sound, 33% light)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 25.

    BONI:           Feather falling at 30,
                    Poison resistance at 40,
                    Flying at 50.


- Earth

    Dig             Turns walls into mud.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 12.

    Acid Bolt       Fires an acid bolt at a target.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 12.

    Stone Prison    Creates a prison of granite walls around you.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 25.

    Strike          Creates a force bolt that may stun enemies.
                    Lv12: it turns into a small ball.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 25.

    Shake           Creates a local earthquake.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 27.

    BONI:           Shard resistance at 30,
                    Great damage reduction against earthquakes at 45.


- Nature

    Grow Trees      Grows trees quickly around you.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 6.

    Healing         Heals a percentage of your hit points.          (project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 10.
                    In addition to healing hit points, it will start curing
                    status ailments at higher spell levels:
                    Lv4: Cures cuts and blindness.                  (project)
                    Lv10: Also cures confusion.                     (project)
                    Lv24: Also cures stun.                          (project)

    Recovery        Slows down the effect of poison.                (project)
                    Lv5: Neutralizes poison.                        (project)
                    Lv15: Heals cuts, cures confusion, blindness, stun (proj)
                    Lv20: Restores drained stats.                   (project)
                    Lv25: Restores lost experience.                 (project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 15.

    Regeneration    Increases your hit point regeneration rate.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 20.

    Vermin Control  Prevents vermin from breeding any further on
                    your current level.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 15.

    BONI:           Regeneration (faster hit point regeneration, same as from
                    items that provide regeneration) at 30,
                    Pass trees easily at 30,
                    Pass water easily at 40.


- Conveyance

    Phase Door      Teleports you on a small scale range.           (project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 2.

    Disarm          Destroys traps and visible doors around you.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 5.

    Teleport        Teleports you within the level.                 (project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 10.

    Teleport Away   Teleports a line of monsters away.
                    Lv10: Turns into a ball.
                    Lv20: Teleports away all monsters in sight.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 23.

    Recall          Works like Word of Recall.                      (project)
                    Inscribe your spell scroll or book like you would inscribe
                    a scroll, in order to specify a destination.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 30.
                    Projecting this spell does not work on players who are AFK.
                    See "(0.3) Important inscriptions" for more info about
                    Word of Recall!

    Probability Travel
                    Renders you instable, allowing to pass walls and to
                    float upwards/downwards.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 35.
    BONI:           Resistance to teleportation attacks at 30.


- Divination

    Detect Monsters Detects all non-invisible monsters nearby.      (project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 3.

    Identify        Identifies items.
                    Lv17: Identifies all items that you carry/wear.
                    Lv27: Also identifies all items on the floor around you.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 8.

    Greater Identify
                    *Identifies* an item.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 35.

    Vision          Detects the dungeon layout around you.
                    Lv25: Maps and lights the whole level.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 15.

    Sense Hidden    Detects traps.                                  (project)
                    Lv15: Lets you see invisible for a while.       (project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 5.

    Reveal Ways     Detects doors/stairs/ways within a radius.      (project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 9.

    BONI:           Automatic identification at 50.


- Temporal

    Magelock        Magically locks a door.
                    Lv40: Creates a Glyph of Warding on the ground that stops
                          monsters from crossing the field or summoning on it.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 1.

    Slow Monster    Slows down a monster.
                    Lv20: Affects a zone.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 10.

    Essence of Speed
                    Hastes you for a while.                         (project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 15.

    Mass Warp      Teleports away all monsters within sight.
                    Lv15: Locks monsters in stasis for a while.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 30.
                    Shared spell (see above): Temporal, Conveyance.

    BONI:           Time resistance at 50.


- Udun

    Genocide        Genocides all monsters of a race on the level.
                    Lv15: Alternatively genocides all monsters near you ("mass
                            genocide", choose 'y'. 'n' will do a normal geno).
                    For details on the effects "genocide" and "obliteration"
                    of this spell, please see (5.9) scroll of geno/oblit.
                    (This spell uses WISDOM to determine fail-rates!)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 25.

    Wraithform      Turns your form immaterial.                     (project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 35.

    Disenchantment Bolt
                    Conjures a powerful and nearly irresistible bolt.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 40.

    Hellfire        Conjures a ball of hellfire which is especially deadly to
                    GOOD opponents.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 20.

    BONI:           Resist teleportation attacks at 30,
                    Hold life at 40.


- Mind

    Confuse         Confuses a monsters.
                    Lv15: Turns into a ball.
                    Lv35: Affects all monsters in sight.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 5.

    Stun            Stuns a monster.
                    Lv25: Turns into a ball.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 15.

    Sense Minds     Gives you temporary ESP.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 30.

    Telekinesis I   Inscribe your book @P<Playername>, cast it, select an
                    item that you wish to teleport to the player's inventory.
                    The target player needs to concentrate by opening her/his
                    mind, see (0.2). It's dangerous to have the mind opened,
                    since everyone can send you any items, so better close it
                    again as soon as the desired telekinesis transaction is
                    done. Example inscription: @PGandalf
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 30.
                    Shared spell (see above): Mind, Conveyance.

    BONI:           Reduces confusion and hallucination at 30,
                    Reduce insanity influence at 40 and especially at 50.


- Meta

    Recharge        Recharges a magic staff or wand.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 5.

    Project Spells  Makes several spells and prayers affect other players too,
                    in a radius around you that grows bigger depending on the
                    'Project Spells' level.
                    You need to cast the Project spell once! This 'turns on'
                    the area of effect for all other spells which are usable
                    on fellow players. Casting the Project spell again will
                    switch the area effect off again.
                    When you switch it on, the radius will depend on your
                    Project skill level, starting at a radius of 1 field.
                    The closer another player stands to you, the more he will
                    usually get out of the spell (eg healed HP amount,
                    duration of resistances, etc..).
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 10.

    Disperse Magic  Removes magical influences.
                    Lv1: Blindness.
                    Lv5: Confusion/Hallucination.
                    Lv10: Speed/Slowness.
                    Lv15: Stun/Cuts.
                    Lv20: Heroism/Berserk strength/Blessing/Shields/Fear.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 15.

    BONI:           Improves saving throw, the further it's trained above 20.


Priest schools:
---------------

- Holy Offense

    Curse           Randomly causes confusion damage or slowness or blindness.
                    Lv15: Turns from bolt into beam, passing through the
                          target and also hitting those behind.
                    Lv25: Affects all monsters in line of sight.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 1.

    Holy Light      Creates a globe of pure light.
                    Lv3: Damages monsters.
                    Lv8: Calls a more powerful kind of light.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 2.
                    Shared spell (see above): H.Offense, H.Support.

    Exorcism        Dispels nearby undead.
                    Lv20: Dispels nearby demons.
                    Lv30: Dispels nearby evil.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 11.

    Release Souls   *Dispels undead*.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 10.

    Orb of Draining Summons a holy orb, devouring monsters.
                    This spell deals double damage against evil monsters.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 20.

    Drain Life      Drains life from a non-undead and non-nonliving creature
                    and returns a part of it to your hit points.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 20.

    Doomed Grounds  Similar to 'Drain Life' but affects a whole area.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 40.

    BONI:           Adds slay undead at 30, slay demon at 40, slay evil at 50
                    to all melee and ranged attacks.


- Holy Defense

    Blessing        Same effect as scroll of Blessing.         (auto-project)
                    Lv15: Same effect as scroll of Holy Chant. (auto-project)
                    Lv30: Same effect as scroll of Holy Prayer.(auto-project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 1.

    Holy Resistance Lets you resist heat.                      (auto-project)
                    Lv5: Lets you also resist cold.            (auto-project)
                    Lv10: Lets you also resist lightning.      (auto-project)
                    Lv15: Lets you also resist acid.           (auto-project)
                    Lv25: Lets you also resist poison.         (auto-project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 11.

    Protection from evil.
                    Repels evil creatures that try to attack you.
                    Works very well, as long as the creature isn't of a higher
                    level than you.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 12.

    Glyph of Warding
                    Creates a rune on the ground that monsters cannot cross
                    nor summon on. Powerful monsters may break it.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 35.

    Martyrdom       You burn in holy fire making you invulnerable for 15 turns.
                    When your martyrium ends, you will be left close to death
                    with a fraction of your hit points, at least 30 HP though.
                    Note that you cannot be healed in any way during martyr.
                    Invulnerable here in detail means you won't take..
                    -any hit point decreasing damage (except genocide strain),
                    -any sanity decreasing damage,
                    -any malicious effects such as poisoning, fear, blindness,
                     confusion, paralyzation, slowness, stun or cuts,
                    -nexus, polymorph and teleportation effects.
                    The heavens won't accept another martyrium until 1000 turns
                    have passed.
                    Note: To check whether you can use the spell again,
                    use the /martyr (or /mar) command.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 40.

    BONI:           Protects the player from undead at 30, from demons at 40,
                    and from evil in general at 50. Better than the spell.


- Holy Curing

    Cure Wounds     Heals a fixed amount of hit points of a friendly target,
                    which is capped at 14d8, the same amount a potion of cure
                    critical wounds actually heals.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 3.
                    In addition to healing hit points, it will start curing
                    status ailments at higher spell levels:
                    Lv4: Cures cuts and blindness.
                    Lv10: Also cures confusion.
                    Lv24: Also cures stun.
                    (Since this is a bolt spell, use the 'target friendly' key,
                    which is '('. See command reference section (0.2) for
                    details about this key.
                    To target yourself, use a macro that clears your current
                    target via '*q' and picks direction '5' which will then be
                    your current grid.)

    Healing         Heals a percentage of hit points.          (auto-project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 3.
                    In addition to healing hit points, it will start curing
                    status ailments at higher spell levels:
                    Lv4: Cures cuts and blindness.             (auto-project)
                    Lv10: Also cures confusion.                (auto-project)
                    Lv24: Also cures stun.                     (auto-project)

    Remove Curses   Removes curses.
                    Lv30: Removes heavy curses.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 10.

    Cleansing Light Continuously heals every player who steps inside.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 18.

    Curing          Slows down the effect of poison.
                    Lv5: Cures being gorged.                   (auto-project)
                    Lv10: Neutralize poison.                   (auto-project)
                    Lv15: Cure confusion/blindness/stun.       (auto-project)
                    Lv20: Cures hallucinations.                (auto-project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 3.

    Restoration     Restores stats.                            (auto-project)
                    Lv5: Restores experience.                  (auto-project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 26.

    Faithful Focus  Cure hallucinations and insanity.          (auto-project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 21.

    Resurrection    Resurrect another player's ghost. The resurrected player
                    will lose less experience the higher the spell level is.
                    Exp loss is usually 35% if revived in the temple or via
                    life scroll.
                    Resurrection prayer exp loss goes down from 35% and caps
                    at 30%.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 30.

    Soul Curing     Cures Black Breath (See 1.5 for more information about
                    Black Breath).                             (auto-project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 25.

    BONI:           Improves HP regeneration rate extraordinarily the further
                    it is trained above 30,
                    Reduces duration of various bad effects on the body at
                    30 (blindness, poison) / 40 (stun, cuts) / 50
                    (hallucination),
                    Less frequent suffering from black breath at 50.


- Holy Support

    Remove Fear     Keeps your heart boldened for a while.     (auto-project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 1.

    Holy Light      Creates a globe of pure light.
                    Lv3: Damages monsters.
                    Lv8: Calls a more powerful kind of light.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 2.
                    Note that this is a spell shared between offense and
                    support school, meaning that increases in one of those
                    school will increase the spell level by only half as much.

    Sense Monsters  Detect non-invisible monsters, see invisible for a while.
                    Lv30: Gives full temporary ESP.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 3.

    Sanctuary       Puts nearby monsters asleep.
                    Lv20: Lets all monsters in line of sight fall asleep.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 3.

    Satisfy Hunger  Satisfies your hunger.                     (auto-project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 10.

    Sense Surroundings
                    Detect non-invisible monsters, see invisible for a while.
                    Lv15: Maps the dungeon around you.
                    Lv30: Gives clairvoyance (full enlightened map).
                          Gives full temporary ESP.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 10.

    Zeal            Gives +1 extra attack per round for a while.    (auto-p.)
                    Lv10: Gives +2 EA.                         (auto-project)
                    Lv20: Gives +3 EA.                         (auto-project)
                    Note: The EA effect won't be applied to barehanded players
                    if they don't have Martial Arts skill of at least 01.000.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 31.

    BONI:           Keeps the hunger satisfied all the time at 40,
                    Suppresses effects of DG_CURSE and TY_CURSE at 50.


Druid schools:
--------------

- Arcane Lore

    Nature's Call   Quickly grows trees around you.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 10.

    Toxic Moisture  Creates a cloud of toxic moisture at a designated target,
                    consisting of poisonous gas.
                    At level 20 it combines the surrounding air into the
                    attack, turning it into a water/poison mixture.
                    At level 30 it condenses the water and turns into
                    poisonous ice shards.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 3.

    Ancient Lore    Identifies all items in your inventory.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 20.

    Garden of the Gods
                    Transforms solid walls into green trees!
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 1.

    Call of the Forest
                    Dispels all animals from your line of sight.
                    Animals have a chance to resist, depending on their level.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 1.


- Physical Lore

    Forest's Embrace
                    Creates a cloud around you which heals everyone including
                    yourself over time.                        (auto-project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 18.

    Quickfeet       Temporarily boosts your speed.             (auto-project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 13.

    Herbal Tea      Satisfies your hunger.                     (auto-project)
                    Lv20: Restores your experience.            (auto-project)
                    Lv25: Restores your attributes.            (auto-project)
                    Lv35: Cures black breath!                  (auto-project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 3.

    Extra Growth    Increases your attributes temporarily.
                    Lv1: Increases strength.
                    Lv5: Also increases dexterity.
                    Lv10: Also increases constitution.
                    Lv20: Also increases intelligence.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 15.

    Focus           Increases your accuracy, adding a bonus to your
                    melee-to-hit and ranged-to-hit.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 1.


Mindcraft schools:
------------------

- Psycho-Power

    Psychic Hammer  Telekinetic power focussed to bash an enemy,
                    damaging and stunning him.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 1.

    Psychokinesis   Destroys traps and locks by psychokinetic manipulation,
                    also revealing secret doors in the process.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 3.

    Autokinesis I   Teleports you within a small range.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 5.

    Autokinesis II  Teleports you over a long range.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 16.

    Autokinesis III Teleports you towards a party member with opened mind.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 24.

    Feedback        Uses telekinetic effects to keep you hovering, granting
                    levitation, and at 15 becomes sufficient for flying.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 18.

    Pyrokinesis     Causes a severe inflammation to burn your opponent.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 20.

    Cryokinesis     Causes a dramatic temperature drop on your opponent.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 24.

    Psychic Warp    Attempts to teleport away your opponent.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 30.

    Telekinesis II  Inscribe your book @P<Playername>, cast it, select an
                    item that you wish to teleport to the player's inventory.
                    The target player needs to concentrate by opening her/his
                    mind, see (0.2). It's dangerous to have the mind opened,
                    since everyone can send you any items, so better close it
                    again as soon as the desired telekinesis transaction is
                    done. Example inscription: @PGandalf
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 35.
                    Shared spell (see above): Psycho-Power / Thought Contact.

    Kinetic Shield  Uses telekinetic force to set up a shield around you that
                    has a chance to repel physical attacks or projectiles,
                    draining your mana each time.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 40.


- Thought Contact

    Clear Mind      Removes fear, confusion and hallucination. (auto-project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 3.

    Willpower       Boosts your willpower to unleash hidden potential,
                    improving both your performance and resilience.
                    Gives fear resistance, increases your saving throw and
                    gives especially increased chance to resist paralyzation,
                    confusion and slowness. Also gives heroism-like +hit bonus.
                    Later on gives +1 extra attack.            (auto-project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 3.

    Self-Reflection Find out more about yourself.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 15.

    Accelerate Nerves
                    Speeds you up.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 20.

    Telepathy       Senses the minds of creatures.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 20.

    Recognition     Identifies an item.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 25.

    Stabilize Thoughts
                    Cures some insanity and removes effects.   (auto-project)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 25.

    Telekinesis II  Inscribe your book @P<Playername>, cast it, select an
                    item that you wish to teleport to the player's inventory.
                    The target player needs to concentrate by opening her/his
                    mind, see (0.2). It's dangerous to have the mind opened,
                    since everyone can send you any items, so better close it
                    again as soon as the desired telekinesis transaction is
                    done. Example inscription: @PGandalf
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 35.
                    Shared spell (see above): Psycho-Power / Thought Contact.


- Mental Intrusion
 (Note that psi attacks don't have any effect on angels, nonliving creatures,
 or empty-minded creatures, and that undead, stupid creatures and common
 animals as well as weird-minded creatures may resist it. At the same time,
 smart creatures might be hit especially hard.
 Targets that might resist psi attacks, but which are already confused when
 they get hit, get their chance to resist nullified by the confusion.
 As a side effect, psi attacks themselves have a chance to cause confusion to
 the target, thereby increasing their effect when the target is hit by another
 psi attack afterwards.
 if a monster does not resist a psi attack, it may suffer from additional
 effects besides confusion, such as fear, stun or sleep.)

    Psionic Blast   Blasts the target's mind with psionic energy.
                    Possibly causing various additional effects.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 1.

    Psi Storm       Psionic storm that damages and disturbs all minds within an
                    area for a while, causing the usual random Psi side effects
                    on all targets similar to Psionic Blast.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 18.

    Scare           Infuses your target's mind with fear.
                    Lv10: Becomes a ball effect.
                    Lv20: Affects all monsters in LoS.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 1.

    Confuse         Infuses your target's mind with confusion.
                    Lv15: Becomes a ball effect.
                    Lv30: Affects all monsters in LoS.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 3.

    Hypnosis        Puts your target's mind to sleep.
                    Lv20: Affects all monsters in LoS.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 5.

    Drain Strength  Slows your target down, draining power from its muscles.
                    Lv10: Becomes a ball effect.
                    Lv20: Affects all monsters in LoS.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 7.

    Psychic Suppression
                    Drains the target's psychic energy, impacting its ability
                    to cast spells temporarily, effectively silencing it for a
                    short period of time.
                    Chance to be successful depends on school skill vs monster
                    level. Also, monsters that can't cast any spells as well as
                    unique monsters of level 98 or above are unaffected.
                    Monsters that are unique or powerful have an increased
                    chance to resist.
                    The target cannot be silenced again for a short while,
                    until the effect runs out. Note that the target also
                    becomes immune to the effect for the same short amount of
                    time if the attempt was actually unsuccessful.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 10.

    Remote Vision   Tries to forcibly enter all sentient creatures' minds on
                    the level, in order to use their vision to make the
                    dungeon structure known to yourself.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 20.
                    If your proficiency in 'Thought Contact' school is at
                    least 20, you will automatically infuse the knowledge
                    gained from the vision to all open-minded (see (0.2))
                    allied players who happen to be the same floor.

    Charm           Makes monsters in sight believe that you aren't an enemy,
                    preventing them most of the time from attacking you.
                    Monsters may resist or be immune to the initial cast.
                    While active, the spell drains your mana. The more monsters
                    you try to keep under control, the faster your mana is
                    depleted. If your distance to the monsters becomes too big
                    or your mana is depleted then the spell will break.
                    Sleeping monsters won't be affected or woken up by charm.
                    Monsters which have already been hurt cannot be charmed.
                    Psi-immune, unique, undead, empty-minded or non-living
                    monsters cannot be charmed either.
                    Monsters may have a chance to resist the attack, the higher
                    the more of the following abilities they possess:
                    Being smart, resisting confusion, being powerful.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 33.


Exclusive astral school for Maiar:
----------------------------------
Instead of normal spell level, the spells of this school use an 'astral level'
to determine damage or effect. This astral level consists to equal parts of
your character level and your Astral Knowledge school level. This means that
a level 49 character with 1.000 in Astral Knowledge will still cast spells that
deal damage and have effects as if the spell was actually at level 25 (the
average value of 1 and 49). (Spell success chance uses the normal spell level
though, as all other magic schools do, not the astral level.)

- Astral Knowledge

    Power Bolt      Casts a bolt of electricity/mana/nether depending on your
                    alignment:
                    Still neutral -> electricity,
                    enlightened -> mana,
                    corrupted -> nether.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 1.

    Power Ray       Casts a beam of electricity/light/darkness depending on
                    your alignment (see Power Bolt spell above).
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 5.

    Power Blast     Casts a ball of electricity/mana/nether depending on your
                    alignment (see Power Bolt spell above).
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 10.

    Relocation      Same as word-of-recall.
                    You may inscribe book '@R' etc. for the usual results.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 22.

    Vengeance       Enlightened: Summons all party members on the same floor
                                 to you (as well as all monsters in line of
                                 sight) who have their mind opened.
                                 Might summon additional monsters for each
                                 player who got teleported.
                    Corrupted: Damages all monsters in line of sight.
                    (This spell uses WISDOM to determine fail-rates!)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 30.

    Empowerment     Enlightened: Incite self-fury.
                    Corrupted: Increases own hit points temporarily.
                    (This spell uses WISDOM to determine fail-rates!)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 40.

    The Silent Force
                    Enlightened: Slows down monsters within sight
                                 and grants temporary time resistance.
                    Corrupted: Increases your chance to strike critically.
                    (This spell uses WISDOM to determine fail-rates!)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 45.

    Sphere of Destruction
                    Enlightened: Conjures up a mana storm.
                    Corrupted: Conjures up raging inferno, which deals similar
                               damage as rockets do.
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 50.

    Gateway         Enlightened: Instantaneously word-of-recall for all party
                                 members on your dungeon level.
                    Corrupted: Creates a pair of connected void jump gates.
                    (This spell uses WISDOM to determine fail-rates!)
                    Required skill level for first spell level: 50.
                    This spell requires a character level of at least 62.


(6.8a) Spell failure rate
-------------------------
The chance to not successfully cast a spell, aka the spell fail rate is shown
in percent when browsing a spell scroll/crystal. An exception are currently
mimic powers which they inherit from mimicking a monster, whose fail rates are
not shown anywhere at the moment, this might be subject to improvement.

The fail rate of a spell depends on..

Magic schools:
    Nearly all magic spells depend on the spell level and your INTelligence,
    some spells however use WISdom instead of intelligence, those spells are
    designated in (6.8) in their spell description.
    Currently, the only magic spell using wisdom is 'Genocide'.
Prayer schools:
    All holy spells depend on the spell level and your WISdom.
Mindcraft schools:
    All mind spells depend on the spell level and your INTelligence.
Druidic schools:
    All druidic spells depend on the spell level and your WISdom.
Astral school:
    Some astral spells depend on the spell level and WISdom, some on the spell level
    and INTelligence, as designated in (6.8) in the spell descriptions.

In general, when you learn a new spell that starts at a high fail rate, you
will observe a great improvement just by further training the spell's school to
increase the spell's level. Increasing your INT or WIS (depending on what this
particular spell uses) will also help.
At a certain point however, usually when the spell's fail chance is already
rather low, the spell fail rate might not go down further from increasing its
level. At that point the only thing you can do to further reduce the spell fail
rate is to increase the stat (INT or WIS) that the spell uses.

Mimic powers use INT to determine fail rate, have a greater fail rate than
other spells in general, and do not have a 'spell level'. Their effects are
pretty much fixed.



(6.8b) Runes & Runemastery
--------------------------
Runes are magical symbols used to summon and manipulate the raw elemental
forces which sustain the world of life. They are the motivating force behind
the traditional systems of magic in TomeNET. The istari spell scrolls, for
example, are composed of a series of complicated runes which both protect the
mage from immediate harm, and create the desired effect: from fireballs to
magical satiation.

Runemasters are less methodical in their approach to magic. Having learned
to summon elemental forces without the aid of the traditional precautions,
limitations and potential inefficiencies of the complex istari spell system,
runemasters deal directly with the 'pure' substance of magic, and are limited
only by their wits, their strength and their skill.

This approach is not necessarily a safe one. Where as traditional spells from
other schools of magic fail outright when something goes awry, the primordial
energy incumbent to a runespell instead erupts forth, damaging the caster in
the form of a spell backlash. Physical runes can be used to mitigate this 
backlash should a runespell fail, absorbing the excess energy of the spell 
before crumbling into dust. Runes may be activated to combine or decombine in
stacks with other runes, sharing level requirement and discount (use 'A'). 

As runemastery does not rely on books or spell scrolls to guide its magic, 
runespells may be cast while blinded, although at increased rate of failure.
Spell failure likewise increases while stunned, or simply when attempting a
powerful spell. While an istar is always prevented from casting outside of 
his or her ability, a runemaster may continue making spell attempts until the 
backlash proves fatal. Runemasters are able to cast many kinds of spells, but
it's important to note that some are much more difficult to manage than
others. All runespells can either be projected at the world or a monster, or 
directed at the caster for a different result. 

In addition, runespells fueled by physical runes may be used to emblazon 
non-artifact equipment that is wielded by the runemaster. The strength and 
success rates of these 'sigils' depend both on the skill of the runemaster 
and the power of the item that would result. At most a runemaster may have 
one armor sigil and one weapon sigil, jewelry sigils are a fine art that is 
beyond even the most skilled of their class. Sigils vanish from the 
equipment when dropped, sold, taken off, disarmed, etc. being linked 
directly to the runemaster and the consumed physical rune for their power.
(Sigil boni dependant on PVAL are restricted as for artifact creation.)

Runemastery requires dexterous physical and intellectual manipulation of
the rune forms, requiring high INT and DEX character stats. For this reason,
runemasters also make decent thieves and fighters. To some extent,
runemasters will need to experiment to find out their own capabilities.


Runespells:
-----------
To cast a runespell, enter the m-key menu and select 'Draw a rune'.
(Note: The ability code for drawing a rune is 12.)

Runespells are made up of three components:
    1. A single rune or combination of two runes
    2. A spell modifier (minimized, brief, etc.)
    3. A spell type (glyph, bolt, ball, etc.)

Each component has different associated parameters, summarized in the menu. 
When selecting runes, press return once you are finished, or enter the 
maximum of two runes and continue to the modifier selection. The menu will 
prompt for a direction if it is required after you're done. If the spell 
targets an item, you must supply the letter corresponding to your choice of 
equipment.


Runespell Failure & Backlash:
-----------------------------
Runemasters can only truly fail sigil type (item-enhancing) spells. Spell
failure instead causes elemental backlash against the caster, while the
effects of the spell, if it is not a sigil type spell, resolve normally.
Having a physical rune corresponding to the invoked element shields the
runemaster from this backlash, at the cost of the physical rune. When 
lacking these physical runes (or if they are inscribed !R), the caster of
may experience backlash. Keeping physical runes is especially important
once the damaging effects of runespells begin to outpace the runemaster's
intrinsic durability; resisting one's own spells can be an important factor
for survival in critical situations. For this reason, beginner runemasters
are advised to use basic elemental spells that they can easily acquire the
according resistance for. Inscribing a rune with !R will prevent the rune
from being consumed to shield the runemaster from a backlash, beware!

INTelligence, DEXterity, and skill level affect spell failure rates for 
runespells. Runespell type generally governs the level of a runespell,
and is further modified by the spell modifier and then only somewhat by the 
resulting element of the spell (if at all). Highly experienced and talented
runemasters may achieve 0% spell failure rates, but should be cautioned
against stunned and blinded statuses, which will each increase runespell
failure, and thus the chance of backlash directly.


Other Uses for Runes:
---------------------
Aside from preventing backlash, runes are used as components in runespells.
Both glyph and sigil type runespells require a single rune (after backlash
rune destruction, if applicable) to achieve their effects. Any glyph spell
may be cast on a rune glyph to disarm it and recover the original physical
rune at no additional rune cost. Sigil spells on the other hand consume a 
rune forever, remaining in effect only so long as the runemaster continues
to wear/wield the enhanced equipment. An additional sigil spell on the same
equipment overrides the previous one, consuming a new rune as before. 


Macros & Spell Construction:
----------------------------
Runemastery macros look like this (key translation in parenthesis):
(Note: m@12\r invokes the m-key menu command for 'Draw a rune'.)

Targetted runespells use the following format:
    \e)*tm@12\r[a-f]\r[a-g][a-g]-  (rune, return, modifier, type, target)
    \e)*tm@12\r[a-f][a-f][a-g][a-g]-  (rune, rune, modifier, type, target)

Non-targetted runespells use the format:
    \e)m@18\r[a-f]\r[a-g][a-g]  (rune, return, modifier, type)
    \e)m@18\r[a-f][a-f][a-g][a-g]  (rune, rune, modifier, type)

Note that you must choose at least one and up to two runes, one modifier, 
and one type. If you choose two runes for a spell, the \r is not required. 
[a-f] and [a-g] denote the choices of a letter from a to f or h,
inclusive, which represents a rune or a modifier or type, respectively.
ie. There are six base runes, so [a-f] represents a choice from rune 1-6.


Examples:
---------
Here is a single rune example, invoking the element 'light' (rune 'a'):
    \e)*tm@12\ra\raa-  (light--return--minimized--bolt)

This spell launches a minimized bolt of light, a targetted projection 
affecting up to a single opponent, dealing light damage if it successfully
connects.

A fire ball spell might look like this (runes 'a' and 'e' for 'fire'):
    \e)*tm@12\raedd-  (light--chaos--moderate--ball)

Note the following macro produces an identical effect (runes 'e' and 'a'):
	\e)*tm@12\readd-  (chaos--light--moderate--ball)

To increase the radius of the ball, adjust the modifier to something that
sounds bigger, ie. choose a spell modifier that increases radius.

A maximized ball of fire:
    \e)*tm@12\raegd-  (light--chaos--maximized--ball)

Or an expanded ball of fire, to produce something much larger:
    \e)*tm@12\raeed-  (light--chaos--expanded--ball)

Note that failure rate may become an obstacle to advanced spells at low 
level. Basic spell types, modifiers, and elements are recommended.

Advanced runemasters may wish to create macro sets which construct spells
on the fly, swap macro sets containing preset runespells, or set up
combinations of macros to chain together spells quickly and efficiently.
Spells with a lowered casting time might even be combined in one macro,
creating a 'dual-cast' effect (especially true with the 'brief' modifier).

Note that every modifier has drawbacks associated with the benefits of using
it: higher cost, level, reduced damage, increased failure rates- check the
specifics in the m-key menu before you create a new macro. It is recommended
that you keep physical runes in your inventory when experimenting with new 
spells.


Auto-retaliation:
-----------------
If you inscribe @O[a-g][a-g] on a rune in your inventory, you will retaliate
with a spell of the selected modifier and type. For example, if you set the 
inscription to @Oab on a rune of light, the 'beam' spell type will be 
selected, with a 'minimized' spell modifier. It is advised to use the !R 
inscription to prevent your last rune from being consumed in spell failure.

Although you can set most spells for retaliation, some spells may make poor 
choices for auto-retaliation. Retaliation defaults to a bolt spell if the
rune is inscribed incorrectly. Sign/Glyph/Sigil type spells cannot be used 
for retaliation, and default to bolts (their ID letter becomes letter 'a').


Hints:
------
The casting adjective will further elaborate on the difficulty of a spell
compared to your skill. Ideally, choose spells where the average outcome
is 'efficiently', or better, or cast while at near full HP and with the
according resistance. You can use the mkey * display to see a list of spell
failure rates, or go through the macro wizard to display the specific
attributes of spells.

Beginners may wish to play a race with intrinsic resistance to their element
or elements of choice, or choose combinations of skills to produce a 'base'
element, and purchase rings/amulets from the magic shop to resist these.
For example, light is resisted by elves, so an elf runemaster who trains in 
light runemastery may evoke runes of light relatively safely. Training chaos
runemastery as well would unlock the combination element fire, a 'base'
element, and Rings of Fire Resistance are readily available in magic shops.

Note that different elemental damage types are reduced more or less when
resisted, see (5.6) Resistances & caps, Immunities, Susceptibilities for info.



(6.8c) Runespell Tables
-----------------------
Runemastery covers a breadth of effects, catalogued in the tables below.
See section (5.6) for more information about elemental attacks.

Basic Elements
--------------
A table of every element achievable through use of a single rune, with their 
associated sign spell type effects, and enhanced sign spell effects:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rune     | Rune     | Element        | Sign Spell          | Enhanced Effect   
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Light    | Light    | Light          | Call Light          | Starlight
Darkness | Darkness | Darkness       | Call Darkness       | Invisibility
Nexus    | Nexus    | Nexus          | Blink               | Teleportation
Nether   | Nether   | Nether         | Obliteration        | Genocide
Chaos    | Chaos    | Chaos          | Polymorph Self      | Chaos Brand
Mana     | Mana     | Mana           | Remove Curses       | Remove *Curses*

Combination Elements
--------------------
A table of every element achievable through use of a combination of runes, with
their associated sign spell type effects, and enhanced sign spell effects:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rune     | Rune     | Element        | Sign Spell          | Enhanced Effect    
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Light    | Darkness | Confusion      | Monster Confusion   | Identify
Light    | Nexus    | Inertia        | Anchor              | Reverse Tele-To
Light    | Nether   | Lightning      | Resist Electricity  | Lightning Brand
Light    | Chaos    | Fire           | Resist Fire         | Fire Brand
Light    | Mana     | Water          | Neutralize Poison   | Regeneration
Darkness | Nexus    | Gravity        | Area Teleport-To    | Reverse Tele-To
Darkness | Nether   | Frost          | Resist Cold         | Frost Brand
Darkness | Chaos    | Acid           | Resist Acid         | Acid Brand
Darkness | Mana     | Poison         | Resist Poison       | Poison Brand
Nexus    | Nether   | Time           | Haste               | Recharging
Nexus    | Chaos    | Sound          | Disarm              | Disarming
Nexus    | Mana     | Shards         | Earthquake          | Dig
Nether   | Chaos    | Disenchantment | Unmagic             | Cancellation
Nether   | Mana     | Force          | Mystic Shield       | Reflection
Chaos    | Mana     | Plasma         | Base Resistance     | Elemental Brand

Spell Modifiers
---------------
A table of every spell modifier. Modifiers alter the nature of a spell, 
influencing level, cost, fail rate, damage, casting time, radius, and duration.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name       | Lvl | Description                                                 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimized  | + 0 | Less damage, radius, duration, cost and failure rate.
Lengthened | + 2 | More duration, cost and failure rate. Less damage.
Compressed | + 3 | Less radius, duration and failure rate. More damage.
Moderate   | + 5 | Comparable to traditional spells in all aspects.
Expanded   | + 7 | More radius, duration, cost and failure rate. Project buffs.
Brief      | + 8 | Less damage, duration, failure rate and half casting time.
Maximized  | +10 | More damage, radius, duration, cost and failure rate.
Enhanced   | +10 | Comparable to moderate, more cost. Alters the spell type.

Spell Types
-----------
A table of every spell type. Type controls the form of the runespell, also
influencing level, cost, fail rate, damage, casting time, radius, and duration.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name       | Lvl | Description                           | Enhanced            
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bolt       |   1 | Hits a target in line of effect.      | Non-reflecting.
Beam       |   5 | Hits every target in line of effect.  | Damage over time.
Cloud      |  10 | Damages an area over time.            | Follows the caster.
Ball       |  15 | Instantly damages an area.            | Full area damage.
Sign       |  20 | Instant or temporary element effects. | See element tables.
Glyph      |  25 | Set or retrieve a rune as a glyph.    | No rune/explosion.
Sigil      |  30 | Resist enhancement. Consumes a rune.  | See boni table. 
Wave       |  35 | Radiates outward from the caster.     | Hits line of sight.

Enhanced Sigil Boni
-------------------
A table cross referencing boni to element and item TVAL (type value). Boni are 
restricted as with artifact creation regarding PVAL modifiers. Stat boni have 
a chance to include a sustain, and boni occuring both generally and on the 
item type are more likely to occur. Some weapon/helm boni are specific to mage
staves, boomerangs, and crowns (see (8.4) Artifact Creation).

Non-enhanced sigils produce the projection's according resist.

Abbreviations (in alphabetical order):
AM - Anti-magic shell
Au - Aura
Ba - Base resist (acid/elec/fire/cold)
Bl - Blind resist
Br - Brand
c+ - Charisma bonus (PVAL Required)
C+ - Constitution bonus (PVAL Required)
Ch - Chaotic
Cr - Critical bonus (PVAL Required)
D+ - Dexterity bonus (PVAL Required)
EA - Extra attacks (PVAL Required)
FA - Free action
Fe - Fear resist
Fl - Flying
Gl - Glow (+1 light radius)
HL - Hold life
I+ - Intelligence bonus (PVAL Required)
If - Infravision (PVAL Required)
Im - Immunity
In - Invisibility
MP - Max mana increase (PVAL Required) [Helm -- Crowns ONLY]
NT - Anti-teleportation (no-tele)
Re - Reflection
Rh - Regen health
Rm - Regen mana
RR - 1 Resist (acid/elec/fire/cold/pois/conf/blin/shar/soun/neth/nexu/disi)
S+ - Strength bonus (PVAL Required)
SD - Slow digestion
SI - See invisible
SK - Random slay/kill flag
Sl - Stealth (PVAL required)
Sp - Speed (PVAL Required)
Su - Random sustain
Va - Vampirism
Vo - Vorpal (Quaking if blunt)
W+ - Wisdom bonus (PVAL Required)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Element        | General | Weap | Shield | Armor | Cloak | Helm | Glove | Boot
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Light          | GlBlSI  | SI   |        |       |       | BlIf |       |      
Darkness       | BlSI    | SI   |        |       | In    | BlIf |       |      
Nexus          | Su      | SK   |        |       |       |      | SK    |      
Nether         | HL      | Va   |        | HL    | HL    |      | Va    |      
Chaos          | RR      | Ch   |        |       |       |      |       |      
Mana           | Rm      |      |        |       |       | MPRm | MP    |      
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Confusion      | FA      | W+I+ |        |       |       | W+I+ | FA    |      
Inertia        | FANT    |      |        |       |       |      |       |      
Lightning      | Im      | Br   |        |       | Au    |      | BrD+  |      
Fire           | Im      | Br   |        |       | Au    |      | BrS+  |      
Water          | ImRhSD  |      |        |       |       |      |       |      
Gravity        | FA      |      |        |       |       |      |       | Fl
Frost          | Im      | Br   |        |       | Au    |      | BrS+  |      
Acid           | Im      | Br   |        |       |       |      | Brc+  |      
Poison         | Im      | Br   |        | C+    |       |      | BrC+  |      
Time           | SuSp    | EA   |        |       |       |      | EA    | Sp   
Sound          | Sl      |      |        | Sl    | Sl    | Fe   |       | Sl   
Shards         |         | CrVo |        |       |       |      | Cr    |      
Disenchantment | AM      |      |        |       |       |      |       |      
Force          | Su      |      | Re     | Re    |       |      |       |      
Plasma         | S+D+    |      | Ba     | Ba    | Ba    |      |       |      



(6.9) Parties, Iron Teams, Guilds
----------------------------------
Press 'P' to display the party menu.
Here you can..


Parties:
--------
-Create or rename a party
    Allows you to create a party if you aren't in one yet, or rename your
    current party, provided you are the party owner.
    In a party you will share experience points if you are within 7 character
    levels to each other and on the same dungeon/tower level respectively
    the same worldmap/wilderness sector. A slight experience bonus is applied
    for killing monsters in a party!
    The range is 11 levels instead of 7 for "winners" (queens/kings/empresses/
    emperors).
    Winners don't share experience with non-winner characters. They do share
    experience with fallen winners though, within 7 levels.

    Monsters will usually remember the highest player they have met and not
    give experience nor kill credit to players who are more than the 8
    (exp-sharing level limit plus 1) levels away from it, 12 for winners.
    So, avoid being on the same dungeon floor as teammates whose character
    level differs by more than 8 levels (12 for winners) from yours.

    Similarly, a player who received a power-up spell from another player
    who is higher in levels than the allowed difference of 8 (12 for winners),
    may cause that player to not gain any experience or kill credit until a
    number of turns (usually 200) has passed and the buff spell has worn off.
    Kings/queens/emperors/empresses are freed from this restriction.

    Note that there are two exceptions to these rules:
    -Morgoth, Lord of Darkness (Game boss)
    -The Great Pumpkin (Halloween special event monster)
    These two always give credit, no matter what level difference the players
    have.

    Special case: A player who lost levels due to death plays together with
    another player who is now just within range of his lowered level.
    Example: Player A was level 45, but lost 5 levels due to dying twice and is
    now level 40. He teams up with player B whose level is a regular 33.
    What happens depends on the server settings, there are three rules:
    a) the difference of player A's real level and his current level counts in
       50%. So he'd be treated like a 40 + (45-40)/2 = 42 (rounded down) player
       and player B wouldn't get any exp since he's not level 35 or higher.
    b) if player B is way below player A's top level (default is more than 5
       levels beyond the level limit for sharing experience) the exp he gets
       will be cut down depending on the difference between player B's current
       level and player A's top level, but he still receives exp.
    c) the server only looks at the highest reached level and compares the
       current level of all team members to it. So it would compare player B's
       33 to player A's 45 when it wants to determine if player B receives a
       share of exp from player A, which is more than 7 levels apart, so player
       B gets nothing.
    The rule effective on the official servers is b), so teaming up with
    everlasting characters that have lost a bunch of levels shouldn't be much
    of an issue.

    A party owner may set access to one or more of his houses to 'party access'
    (use 'h' key next to the door) to allow all party members to access that
    house.
    If the owner dies, the whole party is disbanded. (Exception: On a server
    running 'Ironman' rules the party ownership will be transferred to another
    player in the party automatically. See (8.5) for more information about
    Ironman settings. Within the 'Ironman Deep Dive Dungeon', party ownership
    is also transferred in the same manner. See (4.13) for more information
    about the persistent "Ironman Deep Dive Challenge" event.)
    Be aware that his houses will be wiped too, so the party might lose quite
    an amount of items that way.

    'Anti-magic fields' of fellow party members have greatly reduced effect
    on spell-users in the same party, to allow the party to still be a vital
    combination.

    If you choose 'Create or rename a party' while already being in a party,
    you will be prompted to rename the party. Only the party owner can do this.

    Specialty: Everlasting and non-everlasting players can team up while
               inside the Nether Realm.

-Create or rename an 'Iron Team' party
    Allows you to create an iron team if you aren't in one yet, or rename your
    current iron team, provided you are the party owner.
    An iron team is like a party with the following differences:
    An 'Iron Team' can only be formed with newly created characters. Its
    members will only get experience for killing monsters if ALL members
    are online and on the same dungeon level!

    If you choose this while already being in an iron team, you will be
    prompted to rename it. Only the iron team owner can do this.

-Add a player to party / Add yourself to party
    If you are in a party you will see the option "Add a player to party",
    allowing you to add more players to your party.
    This can be done by all members of the party, not just by the owner!

    If you aren't in a party, you will see "Add yourself to party" instead!
    This will allow you to add this character to a party, provided that at
    least one of your other characters is already a member of it.

-Delete a player from your party
    This can only be done by the party owner.
    Note that if you remove a player from an iron team and his character has
    already gained some experience he will be unable to join again.
    If the owner removes himself from his own party, the whole party is
    disbanded.

-Leave your current party
    Note that if you leave an iron team and your character has already gained
    experience you will be unable to join again.
    If the owner leaves his own party, the whole party is disbanded.


Guilds:
-------
-Create a new guild
    You can create a guild with a character that is at least level 30.
    This costs 2,000,000 Au. A guild will stay, even if the owner dies.
    The guild creator will receive a 'Guild Key' which designates him as the
    guild master. In case the guild master dies, another guild member may
    fetch the key to become the new guild master.
    Only one character per account can be a guild master.

    A guild offers a dedicated guild chat, so players in a guild can organize
    themselves in diving parties and still have a global chat if needed.

    Guilds may have a guild hall, see (6.9a) below for more information.

    The following slash commands are available to manage your guild, only the
    guild master may use them:

    /guild_adder <name of another player>
        Allows that player permanently to add other players to the guild too.
        Use the command a second time to revoke his rights again.
        Note that this only works if you have enabled the guild flag 'adder',
        see the '/guild_cfg' command below.

    /guild_cfg [<flag> [<value]]
        Shows you your current guild configuration if used without any parms
        and allows you to change it by specifying a flag.

    The same functionality as provided by these commands can simply be
    accessed by pressing SHIFT+P and then choosing 'e)'.

-Add player to guild / Add yourself to guild
    Only the guild master or a designated 'adder' can do this.

    If you are in a guild you will see the option "Add a player to guild",
    which allows you to add another player to this guild. You need to be either
    the guild master or one of the designated 'adders' to do this (and the
    'adders' guild flag must be enabled).

    If you aren't in a guild, you will see "Add yourself to guild" instead!
    This will allow you to add this character to a guild, provided that at
    least one of your other characters is either the guild master or one of the
    'adders' designated by the guild master (and the 'adders' guild flag must
    be enabled).

-Remove player from guild
    Only the guild master can do this. If all members are removed including
    the guild master, the guild ceases to exist.
    If the guild master removes himself, it's like he leaves the guild
    (see below).

-Leave guild
    If the last member leaves, the whole guild is disbanded.
    If the guild master leaves the guild, the guild becomes leaderless.
    The next player from that guild who grabs the guild key becomes the new
    guild master.

A player of a leaderless guild who grabs the guild key becomes the new
guild master. Keys are indestructible, they can be lost though..

While a guild is leaderless, three restrictions apply:
    1) No new members can be added to the guild.
    2) Items and gold cannot be picked up from the guild hall anymore.
    3) The guild will cease to exist if it is leaderless for more than a week!


PvP outside of the dedicated 'PvP' character mode:
--------------------------------------------------
-Specify player to attack
    Now you are hostile to that player and you will hurt each other like
    when fighting a monster (this includes auto-retaliating and targetting).
    You can kill each other for real this way, so this is NOT recommended!

-Make peace
    Make peace with a player you are hostile too. Better pay attention that
    your opponent makes peace too.


(6.9a) Guild halls
------------------
A guild may have a guild hall. That is a house owned by the guild, which will
persist until the guild is disbanded or it is sold by the guild master.

To get a guild hall, the current guild master must buy a house and transfer
ownership to the guild. He does this by standing next to the house door,
pressing 'h' key for house operations, and then choose '(2) Change house owner'
followed by '(2) Guild'.
Note that 'list' houses (store-like houses) are not allowed to become guild
halls. You need to pick the other type of house (the one with open area inide).

After the ownership has been changed to the guild, the house no longer counts
to houses owned by the guild master. So it does not affect his house limit nor
will it be wiped if the guild master dies.

The guild master is the only person who can change back ownership of the guild
hall or even sell it if the guild for example wants to migrate to a bigger
guild hall.

The appromimate guild hall location can be viewed by all guild members by
pressing SHIFT+P and then choosing 'e)'.

The door of a guild hall is displayed in violet colour to all eligible members.
Note that a guild hall can, same as party-accessible houses, have restrictions
put on it such as minimum level required to enter, et cetera. These can only be
installed or changed by the current guild master.



(6.10) Magic Device skill/ability details
------------------------------------------
The player's "Magic Device" ability in the character overview screen is
calculated from a base ability depending on race/class, and the magic device
skill in the skill screen ('G'). It determines how well a character can make
use of magical devices such as wands, staves, rods and activatable items.

The Magic Device ability is not limited to a maximum value, although the
player won't be able to increase it unlimitedly. The scale is:
  0+    Bad
  12+   Poor
  18+   Fair
  30+   Good
  36+   Very good
  42+   Excellent
  54+   Superb
  84+   Heroic
  108+  Legendary

In detail, the magic device ability does this...
-makes it easier to use wands, staves and rods and to activate items:
  If random(1 to (skill - itemlevel)) > 3 then you will successfully
  use the item. (There's always a slim chance to succeed even if your
  chances should be zero.) The item level is from k_info.txt and caps
  at 50. Confusion halves your skill, EASY_USE doubles it.
-speeds up recharging of rods:
  Skill in percent is added to the recharge rate; caps at skill 100,
  which means +100% recharge rate (approximately).

The magic device skill does the following...
-helps to reduce effects of UN_POWER attacks (does not protect the remaining
 duration of a form gained from a ring of polymorphing).
-helps to increase the duration on polymorph-rings when they are forged.
-increases the power of magic devices.
-makes it easier to recharge items provided you don't use scrolls to do that,
 but a real magic device (some artifacts can be activated for recharging).
 
Magic device skill and ability have no effect on the damage output of traps
loaded with a magic device.



(6.11) Parrying and blocking
-----------------------------
There are a couple of ways to reduce damage taken. One is simply to have high
armour class (see (5.11) for details), another one is 'Dodging' skill (see
(6.2) for details).
This paragraph is about parrying/blocking only. Note that the chance values
given below do not always apply as is, but sometimes depend on the the attack
type and especially on a little bit of randomness when your character chooses
which defense method it actually uses (block or parry) - for details about this
and about all damage reduction mechanisms in general and the order/chance they
are applied, make sure you also read (5.11).

For melee fighters that use weapons or shields, two more abilities can help:
Parrying enemy attacks with a weapon, and blocking attacks with a shield.
Press 'm' and choose 'Check block/parry chance' to see your actual ability
to block or parry. In order to have this option appear in your 'm' menu, you
need a combat skill greater than zero.

Depending on the server version you might see textual descriptions instead of
raw numbers:
"You cannot parry at the moment."               You aren't wielding a weapon.
"You have almost no chance of parrying."        Below 5% chance.
"You have a slight chance of parrying."         Below 10% chance.
"You have a significant chance of parrying."    Below 20% chance.
"You have a good chance of parrying."           Below 30% chance.
"You have a very good chance of parrying."      Below 40% chance.
"You have an excellent chance of parrying."     Below 50% chance.
"You have a superb chance of parrying."         50% chance or better.
                                                (51% is highest reachable)
Note: Above 30% can only be reached in defensive combat stance without a
      shield equipped. (Because if no shield is equipped, defensive combat
      stance which normally bolsters block chance will transfer that defensive
      advantage to the weapon instead, increasing the parry chance.)
      Also your class needs to be fairly skilled at parrying (see below.)

Depending on the server version you might see textual descriptions instead of
raw numbers:
"You cannot block at the moment."               You aren't wielding a shield.
"You have almost no chance of blocking."        Below 5% chance.
"You have a slight chance of blocking."         Below 14% chance.
"You have a significant chance of blocking."    Below 23% chance
"You have a good chance of blocking."           Below 33% chance.
"You have a very good chance of blocking."      Below 43% chance.
"You have an excellent chance of blocking."     Below 48% chance.
"You have a superb chance of blocking."         48-50% chance (the highest reachable).

Note: To achieve an extraordinarily high block chance above 30% you'll
      have to enter a defensive combat stance, and your class should be
      fairly skilled at blocking and/or your shield should have a high
      block chance. See the note below.


Additional information:
-----------------------
Classes do differently well at parrying and blocking. To find out more, see
the class overview table at the end of section (6.5).

Parrying/blocking might get boosted/modified under certain circumstances,
such as PvP or defending from a trap you accidentally set off.


More on Parrying
----------------
The larger a weapon, the more you can parry. Without a weapon, you cannot
parry at all.
A 1-handed weapon will parry less often than a 1 1/2-hander (SHOULD2H), and
that one less often than a 2-handed weapon (MUST2H).
If you wield a 1-hand weapon WITHOUT a shield which "feels especially easy to
swing" (COULD2H), you'll also get an extra parry bonus.
Increasing weaponmastery improves your parry chance; dual-wielding improves it
too, provided that you aren't 'flexibility-encumbered' (compare (5.5)).


More on Blocking
----------------
Many effects that normal armour usually doesn't protect from can actually be
blocked, for example your character may quickly duck behind his shield just in
time when an eye tries to gaze at you to paralyze you.
The bigger a shield, the more you can block. Depending on server settings,
the actual block base chance will usually be displayed as a percentage in []
brackets behind the shield's name, where AC is located for other types of
armour.
This base chance in many cases applies as is to standard melee combat IF your
character tries to block instead of parrying (compare (5.11)), but is sometimes
modified depending on the type of an incoming attack: When deflecting bolts
from bolt traps or when in PvP combat blocking receives an additional bonus.

Parrying and blocking can both be affected by combat stances - see (6.2) for
"Combat Stances" skill.



(6.12) Fighting/shooting techniques
-----------------------------------
Depending on your class, your character is able to gain access to certain
fighting techniques that cost 'Stamina' to use. Warriors, rangers, paladins
and mimics will learn all of them eventually, while rogues may learn sprint
and taunt, and some rogue-specific techniques.
Similarly, by training archery your character will gain access to a couple of
ranged techniques.

All techniques are accessable via 'm' key, also see (3.7a).

The time your character learns a certain technique varies, depending on your
class. The order in which they are learnt is the same though.

The techniques are as follows:

    Fighting techniques:
    --------------------
    Sprint              7 stamina
        Your character will be able to move faster, so you can catch up to
        runners and other monsters that avoid you. Note: This does not affect
        your SPEED stat, nor has anything to do with 'running' (shift+dir),
        but simply means that moving one step will only cost you half a turn of
        energy, allowing you to move two steps during each of your turns
        instead of one! So the ONLY thing 'Sprint' affects is normal walking.
        (Advanced note: Certain hit & run tactics aka kiting might also become
        more effective accordingly, since half of your turn could be utilized
        by the auto-retaliator if you keep time intervals between each step.)
        Running (shift + directional keys) is not affected.
    Taunt               2 stamina
        Attempts to draw attention of humanoid mobs, causing them to attack
        you. Might require more than one try sometimes until they fall for it,
        depending on the monster. Some won't be affected at all even.
        Most common targets are typically shaman and priest class monsters.
        Note that this can also be used to make scared monsters agressive,
        and -if you and an ally both stand next to the same monster- to draw
        its attention from your ally and make it attack you instead.
    Spin                8 stamina
        A sweep that hits all adjacent monsters and may stun them if they don't
        resist. You might even perform more than one complete sweep circle,
        hitting some or all monsters multiple times, based on your number of
        blows/round!
    Berserk             10 stamina
        Similar to potions of berserk strength, also giving you +1 blow/round.

    Rogue-specific fighting techniques:
    -----------------------------------
    Distract            1 stamina
        Your character will attempt to appear wimpy and a non-worthy target to
        adjacent monsters, in hope of making them attack another player who
        must be standing next to you and also next to the monster, instead of
        you. Not all monsters can be fooled though. Some monsters might resist,
        but probably fall for it if you give it another try.
    Flash bomb          4 stamina
        You throw down a flash bomb that causes a flash of light, blinding
        your opponents for a short time, giving you opportunity to escape or
        kill them off while they are running around in confused state.
    Shadow run          10 stamina, kings/queens only!
        You will move at blinding speed, your silhouette turning shadowy.
        Ranged attacks will hardly be able to pin you down, and you will act
        at increased speed. You can even perform a backstab opening attack
        out of this state. Performing actions that require calm movements or
        anything that distracts or disrupts your attention from focussing on
        keeping up your movement, as well as attacking someone will break
        shadow running - it will not wear off on its own but last indefinitely
        until broken.
        Note that stamina does not regenerate while shadow running.

    Shooting techniques:
    --------------------
    Flare missile       2 stamina
        Prepares an oil-drenched shot for the next time you shoot, which will
        burn brightly, lighting up the area where it lands or hits a wall.
        If that spot is inside a room, the whole room will be lit up.
        This technique consumes 1 flask of oil and your shot/arrow/bolt.
        Note that this destroys magic ammunition too.
    Precision shot      7 stamina
        You aim your next shot carefully, costing you a turn. The next shot
        you fire however will receive a great damage bonus, even more so
        against fleeing opponents. Useful opener against sleeping monsters.
        Aiming will be interrupted by most actions, including walking.
    Create ammunition   -
        Create ammunition for your currently equipped ranged weapon from
        bones, skeletons or broken sticks in your inventory or from a pile of
        rubble (':') next to your character.
        If you wield a bow or crossbow, you'll need to have bones, skeletons or
        broken sticks and it'll create arrows if you wield a bow or bolts if
        you wield a crossbow.
        If you wield a sling, you'll need to stand next to rubble and it'll
        create sling ammunition from it.
        The quality mainly depends on your archery skill and somewhat on your
        ranged mastery skill, but is still somewhat random.
        If you want to create larger stacks of the same type of ammunition,
        collect a large stack of materials and use the skill on that stack
        (the total weight of that inventory slot determines the stack size).
        The level of the raw materials has no effect on the outcome.
    Double-shot         1 stamina/5 turns (random) while using it actively
        Toggle, making you enter or leave double-shot mode. While active, you
        will fire 2 projectiles at once on each shot, dealing way less damage
        than a single shot though. Useful to eradicate weak critters.
        Note: If your stamina drops below 1 you will continue to fire
              normally, but not leave double-shot mode. That means as soon as
              you get stamina back you'll start firing double-shots again.
              To permanently leave double-shot mode, you have to toggle it
              explicitely in the 'm' menu.
    Barrage             9 stamina
        Prepares to fire a powerful multi-shot which will cost you half a
        turn. It stuns the target (if it doesn't resist stunning attacks).
        Because 6 shots are fired at once you will need at least as many
        projectiles in your quiver in order to use it.

    Note: The ability 'fire-till-kill' is available to any class and not
    considered to be a special shooting technique. It appears directly in the
    'm' key menu. See (5.2a) for details.

Stamina regenerates slowly over time, faster while resting. Your CONstitution
stat and 'Health' skill will further improve regeneration speed.



(6.13) PvP mode
---------------
PvP stands for "Player vs player". This describes the act of player characters
fighting each other, usually to the death.
In that regard, it is quite different to the 'blood bond' duel, which always
ends without anyone getting hurt for real.

If you want to fight other players to death in a real pvp match, create a
'pvp-mode' character. It's an option during the character creation process,
much like 'everlasting mode' or 'normal mode'.

PvP-mode characters can use the /pvp command to enter/leave the pvp arena.
This arena also releases monsters from time to time. The entry point of a
player is random, because he gets teleported on arrival.

Note that you don't HAVE to use the pvp arena. PvP characters are always
automatically hostile to all other PvP characters everywhere, for example you
could surprise an opponent in a normal dungeon while he tries to kill a unique
monster for items. The only safe zones are towns.

Before you go and fight others to the death, look at your inventory. You will
see a parchment "Gladiator's Entrance". When you turn this in at the mayor's
office in Bree, you will get a semi-random excellent item for free, to start
your career with. Semi-random because it partially depends on your skill point
distribution, so before turning in your parchment for an item at the office,
make sure you hit SHIFT+G and distribute your skill points to your liking.

PvP-mode characters are called 'Gladiators' and use special rulesets that make
it easier to rise in levels and less of a hassle when you get actually killed
by an opponent! The special rules that apply are as follows:


-PVP chars have only one life and no ghost, ie are erased on death same as
 no-ghost chars. However, they play more fast-paced and are quickly brought up
 again. The purpose of PVP chars is to fight other players to the death
 without remorse, which would otherwise be an unacceptable loss if done with
 regular characters (who can at least use Blood Bond scrolls for friendly duels
 though).
-yellow name in chat, yellow * marker in @-list, completely yellow entry
 in @-list if viewed by another PVP mode char.
-start at level 10 and with about 10000 Au.
-reach level 30 at most.
-gain no exp from monsters, no credit for killing uniques (hence cannot become
 king/queen), cannot use static artifacts, can gain loot and money from
 killing monsters though.
-cannot team up or exchange goods with non-PVP chars.
-will automatically be hostile to all other PVP chars, except for towns which
 are safe zones!
-will always ESP all other PVP chars as well as see their location in @-list.
-gains exp (enough for advancing up to 2 levels at once even!) from killing
 another PVP char. Lower level opponents will give less exp than equal/higher.
-if a pvp char dies to a monster or trap, all nearby pvp chars will receive a
 share of his kill count, which currently even gets rounded up(!).
-gets number of kills of a victim credited as his own kills :) (useful for
 reward, see below).
-walk faster by default, similar to 'sprint' fighting technique.
-cannot chase PVP chars _much_ lower then himself by entering their dungeon
 level, because he will get auto-recalled then (anti-chicken).
-will get rewards (similar to highlander tournament) for reaching high/top
 level or killing an amount of opposing gladiators (other PVP chars).
-will get deed when killed at high level for his next PVP character, which can
 be exchanged for an extra item. Highest level deed can be received by non-pvp
 char.
-mimicry users gain one free transformation of their choice on (multiple)
 levelup, and also learn forms 3x as fast as regular characters.
-diminishing effect on healing: if you spam heal pots, the effect will lessen
 more and more. over time, it returns to normal. entering a town will reset it
 too.
-teleportation will be suppressed during combat, phase door is allowed though.
-while in a fight with another pvp-char, you cannot teleport away easily
 (takes about 30 seconds to wear off, or just enter a town to reset).
-PvP characters are unaffected by certain effects caused by other players:
 Hallucination, Life force drain (exp drain), Stat drain, Nexus scrambling.



(6.14) Miscellaneous character properties
-----------------------------------------
Characters also have the following miscellaneous properties:

-Sex
-Age
-Height
-Weight
-Social Class

These currently have no effect in the game, and modifiying them has no effect
either: Traps of aging, shrinking or growing may change these values but will
not affect the gameplay in any way.



(7) Tactics & strategy
======================

(7.1) Preparing the inventory for diving into the dungeon
---------------------------------------------------------
Depending on your character level you will always want to stock up on certain
items before entering the dungeon. Here are some guidelines for your
inventory:


Beginners (level 1)
-------------------
+ Some Rations of Food, one or more Flask of Oil
  Know that there are traps that can empty your stomach or drain the fuel of
  your light. If you don't have supplies then you might be doomed.
+ Potion of Heroism
  because it can approximately double the hitpoints of level 1 characters
  (depending on race/class) for a short period of time as well as greatly
  improve the chance to hit the opponent, which will raise the fighting
  potential for example against enemies like Farmer Maggot's dogs. Even if
  your character has a decent amount of Hit Points, these potions raise your
  fighting abilities a good deal.
+ Potion of Cure Light Wounds
  They become useless quickly while you gain some character levels since they
  don't heal very many HP (Hit Points). At the beginning they are very helpful
  however.
+ Scroll of Phase Door
  This one does a short range teleportation, allowing you to escape if you are
  surrounded or get some distance between an enemy and yourself, allowing you
  to shoot him on distance using a ranged weapon. Since Phase Door teleports
  randomly, you might have to read several of them quickly after each other
  until you come out in a good position.
+ Maybe a scroll of Word-of-Recall
  If read in the dungeon it will far-distance teleport you back to the town.
  This allows you to quickly "dive" deep and gain levels and find items that
  can be sold for good cash, then read Word-of-Recall to quickly get back home
  with all the loot without having to start an annoying search for the
  staircases leading upwards back to town.


Low level character (up to 15)
------------------------------
+ Several Rations of Food or Scrolls of Satisfy Hunger, some Flasks of Oil
+ Some Potions of Heroism
+ Some Potions of Cure Serious Wounds / Critical Wounds
  Note that Potions of Cure Wounds also remove certain effects like blindness
  and confusion, depending on the exact potion type (light/serious/critical).
+ Several Scrolls of Phase Door
+ Some Scrolls of Word-of-Recall
+ Some Scrolls of Identify
  These will allow you to identify unknown items that you may find!


Medium level character (up to 25)
---------------------------------
+ Some Flasks of Oil. Replace rations of food with "Scrolls of Satisfy Hunger"
  These will always fully satisfy your hunger and they are not eaten by rot
  jellys ;) Lembas (elvish waybread) are also nice but very rare.
+ Many Potions of Cure Critical Wounds, maybe some Potions of Healing.
+ Some Potions of Berserk Strength (mainly for fighter classes)
  These potions work similar to heroism, they rise your damage output instead
  of your hit chance, allowing you to deal very extreme damage. Unfortunately
  they are quite rare. If they are used together with potions of speed the
  result can be devastating.
+ Several Scrolls of Word-of-Recall
+ Several scrolls of Identify
  Since you will encounter the more nice (or more dangerous..) loot the deeper
  you descend, you will need a bunch of identification scrolls to find out
  what is worth being kept and which items should be thrown away.
+ Some Potions of Speed
  These will temporatily boost your global speed (movement/attack/cast) by
  +10. In case you are moving at normal speed this means that your speed is
  doubled, effectively doubling your combat power as well since you can shoot
  and hit twice as fast now. These potions also allow to quickly retreat...
+ a Staff of Teleportation
  This neat baby is your ticket out of most hazard situations where Phase Door
  wouldn't help at all. However keep in mind that staves can be destroyed. So
  if you consider a situation very dangerous and your staff of teleportation
  is suddenly burned to ashes, you should think about reading Word-of-Recall!
  Unfortunately staves of teleportation are very expensive. Staves can be
  used even while blind or confused!
  It's not a good idea to use staves if your character isn't quite good at
  'Magic Device', press 'C' to check your character screen.
  It's a good idea to try the staff a few times in town before relying on it.
  If needed you could increase your 'Magic Device' skill, see (6.2).
+ You should have found some "Rods of Trap location"
  Keep 2 or 3 of those with you. If you encounter a pit or vault you can
  easily detect all the nasty traps inside. Rods of Door/Stair Location can
  also be helpful.
+ Especially for clearing vaults you might find a staff of light, a wand of
  trap/door destruction and maybe a wand of teleport other useful. However,
  that would be 3 more inventory slots less to pick up loot :)


Higher characters (up to 35)
----------------------------
(If you came this far, good work!)
+ Some Scrolls of Satisfy Hunger or some Lembas if you can find enough. Some
  flasks of oil if your light source needs those.
+ Lots of Potions of Cure Critical Wounds (20..40 for example), if possible
  Potions of Healing instead of cure crits.
+ Some Potions of Berserk Strength (mainly for fighter classes)
+ Several Scrolls of Phase Door
+ a Rod of Recall
  A rod cannot be destroyed by fire or acid, and you won't have to buy new
  scrolls of WOR since the rod never runs out. Further, rods of recall are not
  destroyed by traps, for example a "Trap of no return", which will burn all
  your scrolls of WOR.
+ Lots of Scrolls of Identify (up to 99!). Maybe later on a Rod of Perception.
  A Rod of Perception does the same thing like a Scroll of Identify. A Rod of
  Perception of Charging would be perfect. This one takes less time to
  recharge! A Rod of Perception of the Istari..nearly godlike ;)
+ Several Potions of Speed
+ Potions of Healing
  These potions heal you way more than pots of cure critical wounds. However,
  they are extremely expensive.
+ a Staff of Teleportation
+ 2 or 3 rods of trap location. Maybe a rod of door/stair location.
+ Some Scrolls of Teleportation, maybe even fireproof.
  In case your staff is destroyed these scrolls serve as backup. If they are
  fireproof they really are a good insurance. However, you cannot read while
  blind or confused or if you stand in darkness. (Maybe someone invents
  scrolls with magically heated letters that you can read in the dark if you
  have infra-vision.. ;)
+ a "Sprig of Athelas"
  This one cures "Black Breath", which infects you if you fight a ring wraith!
  You can leave the sprig in your house since Black Breath saps your soul very
  slowly, so there should be enough time to finish business in the dungeon and
  recall to town afterwards to eat a sprig. (See 1.5 for more information
  about Black Breath.)


Very high characters (36 and above)
-----------------------------------
+ Satisfy Hunger or Lembas
+ Lots of Potions of Cure Critical Wounds
  If you manage to get enough Potions of Healing then you won't need pots of
  cure critical wounds anymore.
+ Potions of Healing
+ Potions of Speed
+ Potions of Berserk Strength
+ Several Scrolls of Phase Door
+ (Fireproof) Scrolls of Teleportation
+ a Staff of Teleportation (but you should really get blindness resistance in
  order to rely on Scrolls instead since they never fail.)
+ a Rod of Recall
+ 2 or 3 Rods of Trap Location. Maybe a Rod of Door/Stair Location.
+ maybe a Rod of Illumination and a Rod of Disarming or Trap/Door Destruction
  for clearing Vaults.
+ Sprigs of Athelas
+ Later on (character level 40+) scrolls of *destruction*. These annihilate
  all monsters around you instantly (not giving any experience), removing
  otherwise deadly threats.



(7.2) Preparing the equipment for diving into the dungeon
---------------------------------------------------------
Depending on your character level you will need to equip certain items before
entering the dungeon. Here are some guidelines for your equipment:


Beginners (level 1)
-------------------
+ Lantern
  because it provides light within a radius of 2 fields instead of 1 field of
  a torch.
+ A ranged weapon as soon as possible
  Don't forget the ammunition ;)
  Try to get a sling or even better a long bow as soon as possible,
  especially if you are weak at hand-to-hand combat.
  At the beginning a ranged weapon can make all the difference and help you to
  proceed quickly. Enchant the bow to (+hit,+dam) where +dam helps a lot to
  increase the total damage you inflict on enemies, since it's multiplied by
  the bow's power factor.
+ An appropriate melee weapon (except if using martial arts, eg Druids!)
  Check out how many blows per round you get with a light Dagger, Whip,
  Hatchet or Spear, depending on your favourite weapon class.
  If your character has only one blow per round even with light weapons, choose
  a heavy weapon that can deal more damage in one blow. If your character is
  low on strength, pay attention that you don't buy a weapon that is too heavy
  to use at all.
  If you have only 1 bpr, make sure to dual-wield if your character can do that
  because that will give you a bonus bpr. Don't forget that you cannot dual-
  wield with heavy armour. Rogues should always be dual-wielding.


Low level character (up to 15)
------------------------------
+ Enchant the damage of your melee and/or ranged weapon a bit using "Scrolls
  of Enchant Weapon To-Dam"
+ Get some armor. Note that certain armor can decrease your dexterity or
  spellcasting abilities, partially because it is too heavy. Also some weapons
  will become less powerful if used together with a shield, and some weapons
  cannot be used at all in conjunction with a shield. A fighter should have
  approx. 30..45 AC or more.
+ Buy a fire resistance ring as soon as possible because many monsters can use
  fire spells early on. Also get an acid resistance amulet maybe, since acid
  damage is especially nasty to your inventory and equipment.


Medium level character (up to 25)
---------------------------------
+ Enchant your melee and ranged weapons to at least +8 to damage! Best would
  be (+9,+9) or maybe even (+10,+10). Going over +10 is not feasible with
  normal enchant scrolls, you can use *enchant* scrolls later on.
  You might ask a very powerful priest or paladin to assist you, that way you
  might save a great deal of money.... (This pala/priest thing is outdated,
  sorry. However, you can ask a high level character if he/she helps you by
  taking your weapons, armour and ammunition to one of the shops that offer
  an enchantment-service. Those shops can enchant the items quite high,
  depending on the level of the customer. It's costly though.. Don't sell
  scrolls of *enchant weapon* or *enchant armour* if you find those, but use
  them to enchant your items above +9 and up to +15!)
+ A fighter should have approx. 40..70 AC or more.
+ Get "Fear Resistance" also know as "Boldness"
+ Get Free Action.
  It prevents you from being paralyzed by traps or attacks.
+ Get the 4 basic resistances, which are: Lightning/Electricity, Acid,
  Frost/Cold, Fire/Heat
+ Consider buying a small house to store backup equipment or special items
  instead of carrying them around with you.


Higher characters (up to 35)
----------------------------
+ A fighter should have approx. 65..100 AC or more.
+ Try to get a lantern of Brightness or even *Brightness*, a Dwarven Lantern
  or a Feanorian Lamp. These provide more light and/or don't need to be fueled
  and cannot be extincted. They can also have some special abilities like
  preventing you from getting overwhelmed by fear!
+ Get "See Invisible" if possible. Some very nasty monsters are invisible and
  "cold-blooded", that means they cannot be seen by infra-vision.
+ Get Poison Resistance! For example Boots of Mirkwood provide poison
  resistance. Also Elven Armors often provide it. If you are trained in the
  art of mimicry, you could try to use the form of a monster which has poison
  resistance intrinsically. Drolems and other monsters might insta-kill you
  without poison resistance.
+ Try to Get Confusion Resistance, so you can always read teleport scrolls!
  Note that chaos resistance also provides confusion resistance.
+ Get Nexus Resistance. Nexus attacks can scramble your body, swapping your
  stats, which can mess up your character. (See 5.6.)
+ Try to get Blindness Resistance, so you can always read teleport scrolls!
  Helms or Caps of seeing give this!
+ Try to get Hold Life.
  This prevents your life force from being drained, making you lose experience
  and going back in character level. Cloaks of Teleri Hold Life and provide
  Free Action.
+ Get powerful ego weapons
  like Gondolins or *Defenders*. These will provide lots of resistances and
  other abilities as well as deliver extra damage to certain monsters. Even if
  they give you 1 blow less per round than your normal weapon you should
  consider these.


Very high characters (36 and above)
-----------------------------------
+ A fighter should have at least 90 AC. He might also have already 130 AC at
  level 36 if he is lucky.
+ Get as many high resistances as you can.. You will want Nether, Nexus,
  Disenchantment, Chaos, Sound for example. Note that for example Saruman and
  many high undead monsters (L and W) have disenchanting melee attacks that
  waste your equipment pretty badly if you don't resist disenchantment.
  Sound resistance will prevent stun effects, which if they accumulate can even
  knock you out completely, leaving you unable to do anything at all!
  Also, your damage and spell casting chance are reduced while stunned.
  Notorious for k.o. are Water Hounds, Impact Hounds, to some extent Gravity
  Hounds, and *especially* Plasma Hounds.
  Note that "Feather Falling", also known as "Levitation" provides resistance
  Nether and Chaos "only" drain your experience if not resisted (can be cured
  with a potion of restore life levels or according magic). The great thing
  about chaos resistance is that it includes confusion resistance! So if you
  were wearing a ring of confusion resistance, just replace it with a ring of
  chaos resistance and you are set.
  to gravity damage.
+ Get "See Invisible", various nasty monsters are invisible.
+ Get items that sustain your stats, for example a Robe of Permanence.
+ Get Randarts (randomly generated artifacts) or Artifacts (predefined
  artifacts / static artifacts) as melee weapon
  You will have to fight ring wraiths. Normal weapons, even those from
  Gondolin or the most powerful *Defenders* will quickly shatter if they come
  in contact with those unbelievably corrupted creatures of terror and hate.
  (I remember one day I lost 4 Gondolins that way, pure fun..) Your only way
  to fight them is to equip an artifact since these resist ring wraiths
  greatly.
+ You will want items that permanently increase your speed!
  +10 speed or +20 speed will make you approximately twice or three times as
  fast as you usually are. Note that the curve will become flatter the higher
  your speed is, so moving at more than +40 will not make that much of a
  difference anymore, it migh tbe better to get +3 attacks or +10 critical hits
  instead, if you have the possibility to acquire those (use the target dummy
  in town to test your actual damage output and compare).



(7.3) Surviving critical situations
-----------------------------------

Not getting into a critical situation:
--------------------------------------
Best thing is to not get into a critical situation at all.
To help you estimate the threat of a particular dungeon floor, there are
'feelings' your character may get when you enter the floor:
When you've spend some time in town or on a dungeon floor, your depth number in
the bottom right corner will turn light-blue. This means that you will get a
special feeling on the next dungeon floor you enter, displayed in yellow.
That feeling will tell you about the threat of that particular floor, so you
may consider leaving it again if it sounds too nasty. See (4.8) for details.


Map structures:
---------------
There are certain situations and constellations that will occur often in a
very similar manner. Here are some of them, together with some advice how
to manage it.

-A pack of approaching monsters (here orcs), often orcs or trolls:

#########   #  #
#  ooooo#   #  #
#  ooooo#####@ # <- stand there to intercept the incoming orcish horde.
#   ooooo oo   #    As soon as three or four of them stand on adjacent fields
#        o     #    move up one field to limit the attackers to 3 at a time.
#############  #    Sometimes the AI is very smart and monsters will try to
            #  #    surround you anyways. Phase door scrolls will help you out
                    then.

-Sometimes packs of monsters, usually animals, retreat if you chase them in
 hallways, and will only attack if you enter a room. You might want to just
 take them out with a bow or another ranged weapon instead of chasing them.
 If you decide to chase them to the next room make sure you have enough phase
 door scrolls and healing pots to win a fight where you are attacked from all
 sides at once.
 If you try to chase them through corridors, use the 'Sprint' fighting
 technique in case your character has learned it (see (6.12)).

-If you prefer close combat over ranged and your character can use fighting
 techniques, make sure to use the 'Sprint' or 'Taunt' technique to catch
 annoying monsters like shamans or priests that otherwise try to keep a
 distance.

-The range of your missile weapon (slings, bows, crossbows, boomerangs) is
 often greater than monsters' attack range as well as your own range of sight,
 allowing you to take out some monsters by just shooting into the dark a couple
 of times where you guess they might be.

-If you open a door, especially doors to pits with unknown content, be very
 careful and open the door diagonally to have as little creatures as possible
 see you from inside the pit. If you open the door to a so-called "jelly pit"
 (contains icky-things, jellies, mold, mushroom patches) you might be
 insta-killed otherwise. Here is how to open the door:

#######
#jm$,m#
#$m,jj#
#ijmm,#
#,mjjj#@ <- stand here and open the door diagonally
#j$m,i+  <- don't stand here or more monsters will see and immediately
#######     target you from inside

Prepare to close the door again as quickly as possible, it might be needed
(or just teleport away). In general you should leave jelly pits alone.
Coin pits (lots of '$' inside) can also contain very powerful mimics!

-If you fight monsters that can cast ball spells or breathe on you, be aware
 that they might target a field adjacent to you and hence still hit you (thanks
 to the radius of the spell around the actually targetted grid) even if they
 cannot target you directly!
 Similar goes for monsters who can cast summoning spells.

-Pack monsters can be very nasty if those farther away from you can still
 shoot or cast spells over the heads of their comrades in the front line, from
 behind, novice paladin packs come to mind at low levels.
 In that case you should make sure that only very few of them can see you at a
 time. If your health suddenly drops, teleport away at once, or at least
 retreat behind a corner.

-Sometimes it might be a good idea to use a "Stone-to-mud" or "Trap/Door
 destruction" spell to open a door from a distance.

-For weaker characters it might be a good idea to stay around 1000..1500 ft
 and try to get enough stat potions (potions that raise your six primary
 stats, STR INT WIS DEX CON CHR) until they have a considerably high amount
 of hit points and/or combat potential before they dive deeper!

-If you fight a monster that is capable of casting powerful summoning spells,
 teleport at once if any summoned monsters appear around you!
 Don't hesitate for a split second, just to "check whether that was actually
 a dangerous summon or whether you might just take on all of them on".
 Hesitating in order to do so may well be your death sentence.


Some monsters that people often get killed by are:
--------------------------------------------------
-At very low levels there are especially 2 death causes:
 a) Pack monsters that have ranged attacks and fire at you all at once. See
    the map structures section above.
 b) Monsters that are simply a little bit faster than you so you can't run
    away if you decide that you can't beat them.
    Don't forget to use your 'Sprint' or 'Flash Bomb' fighting technique if
    you have learned it, might be useful to get away, or even to kill your
    opponents instead.
    See (7.1) and (7.2) how to equip yourself to minimize risks.

-If you recognize that you cannot win a fight and it will likely end deadly
 it might be a good idea to read a scroll of word-of-recall as early as
 possible and then try to survive until it kicks in and carries you to safety.

-Druid monsters, for example druid snotlings or druid kobolds. They can appear
 at very low level and they are able to cast firebolts that insta-kill you
 (instantly kill you).
 Again you should try to utilize fighting techniques if you can.

-Elite Uruks, they fire extremely sharp arrows, always posing a high threat.

-Chieftain/Warrior/Monk/Unbeliever monsters of any kind. You will often see
 someone being killed by a hill troll monk or forest troll chieftain for
 example.. Prepare to hit your phase door macro if you spot a shimmering
 extraordinarily fast moving monster within a potentially dangerous mob.

-Veteran archer/Master archer monsters of any kind can pose a very high
 threat. Better get reflection ability if you are planning to fight these in
 a ranged duel.

-Hounds with breaths that need a high resistance or that cannot be resisted at
 all. For example..
 At lower levels: Air hounds, Nexus hounds, Vibration hounds, Impact hounds,
                  Inertia hounds, Aquatic & Water hounds (avoid aquatic &
                  water hounds especially; the others still give very good
                  experience at a reasonable danger exposure.)
 At higher levels: Plasma hounds, Gravity hounds, Time hounds, Aether hounds,
                   Hounds of Tindalos (beware of Gravity & Time hounds
                   especially, Aether hounds can also give you some surprise).

-Dark-Elven Warlocks. These belong to the few monsters that can cast mana
 bolts, which inflict very high damage. Even worse, DEW (Dark-Elven Warlocks)
 appear in packs. Beware!

-Will o' the wisps are very hard to spot and catch, their curses are
 devastating.

-The Glass Golem drives everyone insane whom it manages to hit, high AC helps.

-Drolems. A constructed dragon that will breathe poison for high damage and
 takes a lot of hits before ceasing to function.

-The Stormbringer, an animated blade that bears mad fury within. It swings
 so powerful that it can knockout its enemies with ease. Defeating it,
 however, will make it usable to its defeater!

-Dracolichs and Spectral Tyrannosaurs. They have high hit points and are able
 to breathe nether, which means their damage will be maxed out.
 A dark/light green blinking D is actually a Death Drake, and although it can
 also breathe nether it is much less dangeours than a Dracolich because of its
 low hit points. Dracolichs and especially Spectral Tyrannosaurs can occur on
 fairly low levels (usually 55 and 46) which makes them a very nasty surprise.

The most powerful representant of each class:
-Ranger chieftains are tough opponents who can nail you on the spot and
 use magic attacks as well as summon.
-Knight Templars, powerful paladins who are immune to holy attacks and
 are even able to call an angel for support.
-Patriarchs, these unfaltering priestlords can summon and curse rapidly.
-Master Mindcrafters, their ability to summon mighty support and to smash
 your brain by psi attacks is feared.
-Old sorcerors are able to summon ancient dragonkind and wyrms, beware!
-(Grand) Swordsmasters, most skilled swordsmen that will disarm you easily.
-(Grand) Master mystics, most powerful martial artists. With their special
 moves they can manage to stun you easily. Best remedy is high AC so
 they won't hit you in the first place. Alternatively you can quaff potions
 to remove any stun effect.
-(Grand) Master thieves, very fast and stealthy they steal your possessions!

-Unique enemies. If you see a monster blinking in different colours, before
 trying to kill it you should consult other players or 'l'ook at the monster,
 to find out whether it is an unique monster. If so, then you should examine
 it by pressing  ~ 7  in game to look up its abilities and make sure you are
 prepared to fight him. If possible, consult fellow players for their opinions.
 (You can also check r_info.txt, see (7.4) for more info about spoiler files.)

-If you see an enemy that you don't know anything about and that could pose a
 threat (especially if it's inside a vault!), STAY AWAY and consult either an
 experienced player or look it up by pressing  ~ 7  to find out what the
 opponent is capable of.
 The safest (and most boring and least rewarding) way to play is to avoid
 vaults! Vaults can contain an enemy against whom you don't have the slightest
 chance of winning. Vaults however can also contain great treasure!
 (See (4.6) for more information about vaults.)

-The most powerful monsters of the demon realm, the dragonkind and the
 heavenly planes, namely Star-spawns of Cthulu, Great Wyrms of Power,
 balance keepers of the skies, sun and stars (Blades), Nether Realm guards.

-Blinking 'A' (unique angels) or 'U' (powerful or unique demons) as well as
 bright coloured 'U' (greater demons) and blinking 'W' (zephyr lords or
 Nazgul) always pose a high threat. While Zephyr lords aren't that strong on
 their own they are able to summon packs of hounds which can mean a swift doom
 if those have dangerous breathing attacks.
 Some other dangerous demons are..
 Servitors of the outer gods, Lords of Change, Greater Balrogs,
 Bloodthirsters, Pit Fiends, Great Unclean Ones, Keepers of Secrets.

-High undead can also pose a high threat and are responsible for many a death,
 those are Nightwalkers, Nightcrawlers, Nightwings and their likes.

-Nazgul have quite some chance to destroy your melee weapon if you hit them!
 In case your melee weapon isn't your main way of fighting you could inscribe
 it @Ox before fighting a Nazgul to avoid auto-retaliation and then use
 spells or whatever to destroy it. If you rely on melee weapons get an
 artifact since these resist Nazgul greatly!
 However, you probably still don't want to risk your best artifact weapon,
 so try to get a worse artifact which you can solely (ab)use for fighting
 Nazgul. Some people are rumoured to defeat Nazgul with nothing but their
 ability to read, although they aren't even remotely magically talented..
 (Compare (1.3a).)

-Unique 'P's are often very dangerous, some say the most dangerous next to
 Morgoth himself is Nodens, Lord of the Great Abyss.


Mistakes / Carelessness:
------------------------
-Further, players are often killed if they lack resistances and/or free action
 (against paralyzation) but nevertheless dive down into the dungeon very
 quickly.

-Teleport out of trouble
 If you are not an antimagic-user, you should buy a staff of teleportation as
 soon as possible since it can take you out of dangerous situations.
 However, the staff is no guarantee :)
 After you bought it, try if you can actually use it well or if you keep
 failing! If you're not good at magic devices you might have to spend points
 into your 'Magic Device' skill.
 I recommend to always have at least 3 charges in the staff before diving into
 the dungeon.
 Another possibility is to use a Scroll of Remove Curse (buy it in the temple
 ie the green '4') on a Ring or Amulet of Teleportation. Try to activate one
 of them.

-Quaff potions of cure critical wounds or healing if you get (heavily) stunned
 to prevent a lethal knockout in the next round! Further you can't use martial
 arts special moves while stunned, cutting your damage a lot.
 Get sound resistance to not waste potions to cure stun effects from
 water/sound/gravity/ice/plasma attacks.

-Don't wait till you are a '1' or '0' before you try to teleport out.
 If you want to be on the safe side, teleport out when you are a '4' or '3'.
 Remember that your teleport staff may fail sometimes.

-Before AND after a larger fight, check your inventory if you can carry on
 or if you have to return to town to stock up. A common problem is that some
 monsters can drain charges from or burn up your teleport items, which you
 might overlook.

-If you are surrounded by huge piles of loot from dead monsters you might be
 tempted to drop cheaper items like phase door scrolls to make room for the
 precious loot, and go /afk to wait for pseudo-id. However, know that you
 _can_ all of a sudden be ambushed during that time by enemies. By enemies
 that _require_ you to use phase door..

-I do not recommend to drop food nor oil in exchange for loot if you're not
 planning to recall instantly after you picked up the loot.

-If you team up, make sure that you stick closely together all the time.
 Wandering off usually greatly increases both players' risk of death!

-Learn from your mistakes. If you die, think about if you were taking too high
 a risk, and check if you overlooked anything, maybe you were missing
 essential items (cure critical wound potions to get rid of confusion and
 blindness).
 Next time, be more careful. Playing TomeNET means learning a lot about the
 monsters/items.


Teamplay:
---------
-Team up with fellow players that are approximately at your character level.
 This means more fun and less danger. Your teammates can save your life and
 support you with helpful spells, items and knowledge.
 A player in a party gets a share of experience points from the kills of other
 party members if they are within 7 levels to the player.
 A character cannot gain any exp from a monster which has previously
 encountered a player more than 8 levels higher than this character himself.
 (So there is 1 level tolerance towards sharing experience.)
 For winners (queens/kings/empresses/emperors) the range in which they share
 experience is as far as 11 levels.
 Winners don't share experience with non-winner characters.
 If a party member gets reduced experience because his level is too high
 for the dungeon floor, this penalty will affect all of his team mates on this
 floor too, even if their level is lower. This means the party should always
 dive at the optimum depth for its highest member.
 See (6.9) for details about partying!

-Good combinations are the classical meat shields / damage dealers /
 supporters. Mages usually make a great team with whomever they team up.
 Keep your teammates in mind and don't teleport out if it meant
 certain death to them while you could still take some hits.

-Make sure you stick together with your team mates. If you wander off instead
 of staying close you will greatly increase your risk of dying to something.



(7.4) Spoiler files
-------------------
In the folder tomenet/lib/game you find several data files containing
various information about all monsters, items and other features of TomeNET.
These files are named X_info.txt and can be read via a normal text editor.
The most important files are:
a_info.txt  contains all artifacts.
            (You can also access this information in-game by pressing ~6 .)
r_info.txt  contains all monsters.
            (You can also access this information in-game by pressing ~7 .)
k_info.txt  contains all base item types.
e_info.txt  contains all ego item types.
All files contain a block of information, either at the beginning or at the
very end, which explains the meaning of each discrete info-line.



(7.5) Monster tactics
---------------------
Monsters may follow certain schemes regarding their movement, target selection
and spell-casting.

Movement:
---------
Rather mindless monsters might just try to get to the player straight away
while more clever monsters might try to avoid being kited, depending on their
hit points or if there are buddies around. Also, some pack animals might avoid
to encounter you in hallways but jump you all at once when you enter a room.

Target selection:
-----------------
When a monster has multiple players next to it it might choose its target
depending on its cleverness, power and health state. For example it might go
for the target it perceives as most squishy.
Players may counter this by using techniques such as Taunt or Distract.

Spell-casting:
--------------
Despite appearing random sometimes monsters prefer certain spells over others.
If a player is close a monster might especially try to blink away to continue
to throw attack or summon spells at the player from afar.
If a monster is low on HP or scared it might try to use escape spells and if
it's low on HP or stunned it might emphasize heal spells (the chance to
successfully cast those is also negatively affected by stun same as all other
spells - compare (4.12)).



(7.6) Town/dungeon related hints
--------------------------------
-Before going as deep as 1000 ft (ie dungeon level 20) or deeper, make sure
 that you have 'free action' because many monsters will be able to try and
 paralyze you.

-For Mordor make sure you have the four base resistances and also free action.
 You might also want to get nexus resistance as soon as possible because nexus
 attacks can swap your six character attributes randomly.

-For Paths of the Dead you should also have nether resistance and 'hold life'
 because many undead monsters have nether-based attacks or can drain your
 experience points.

-When going even deeper the next resistance you want is probably chaos, since
 it can deal excessive damage and potentially deadly side effects (experience
 drain, hallucination and confusion) all at once. After that maybe comes
 disenchantment resistance to protect your equipment, or sound resistance to
 avoid getting knocked out by certain attacks such as sound, and especially
 water and plasma (hound packs of those types can knock you out quickly).

-In Gondolin mindcrafters and archers may spawn. You should enter the local
 inn if you want to go AFK so you don't get killed by their ranged attacks.

-Minas Anor, Lothlorien and especially Khazad-dum can spawn swordmasters or
 even grand swordmasters, which can disarm you and deal heavy damage. Beware.



(8) Miscellanous
================

(8.1) 'The Art Not To Die'
--------------------------
You died. Hm, very annoying indeed. If you are a "No-ghost" or "Hellish"
character, then you are wiped out now. Otherwise you became a ghost on the
same dungeon level as you died on. Your items are scattered on the floor, now
what to do? The items will disappear forever if you leave that dungeon level
and noone remains down there to "keep the level static" or "hold the level",
as the technical terms are. If you think you really need the items, ask
someone to get down to your dungeon level and either revive you there using a
'Scroll of Life' or pick up your items and give them back to you in town after
you revived in the town's temple (green '4').
If your character level is still very low, you can just decide to suicide and
start over. That is sometimes easier.
In TomeNET you will often encounter new situations that can lead to death. The
most important thing here is that you keep in mind your mistakes of the past
to prevent them from happening again. A key to winning is a firm knowledge of
the monsters that you encounter, so you will be able to decide if you should
attack or flee.
In my opinion playing TomeNET can be called "the art not to die".



(8.2) Character Dumps
---------------------
You should send in character dumps, if you have reached an intermediate level,
to http://angband.oook.cz/ or if it died an interesting death or if something
unusual happened to your character, or if you just want to show off your
special way of distributing skill points. Character dumps are always nice to
view. :)

You can create a character dump by invoking the character screen by pressing
'C' and then pressing 'f' (as it states at the bottom).

Character dumps are automatically created in your /TomeNET/lib/user folder
if your character dies. The filename is charactername-death.txt, for example
Gandalf-death.txt. (no overwrite-check is performed.)

Clients of version greater than plain 4.4.2 will also generate an automatic
dump when you win the game by defeating Morgoth. Following above's example,
it will be named Gandalf-victory.txt accordingly.

Also, newer clients will automatically take an xhtml screenshot too when a
char dump is made, of same name but with .xhtml ending. Those can be viewed
in most webbrowsers.



(8.3) Golem creation
---------------------
Players can create golems, mindless animated humanoids that will fight for
them. As long as the golem is not in their way of moving, monsters won't
attack golems, but instead the controlling player.

To create a golem, you will need these parts:
-A 'scroll of Golem Creation'
-A massive piece of a specific material
-Arms, up to 4.
-Legs, at least 2, can be up to 30 (a centipede-style golem!)

To control the golem, you will need 3 controlling scrolls. These won't be
read, but activated! On activation ('A') they toggle the golem's behaviour.
The scrolls are:
-A 'Golem Scroll of Guard'
-A 'Golem Scroll of Following'
-A 'Golem Scroll of Attack'

If you have gathered all these items in your inventory, read the scroll of
golem creation! The golem will only listen to commands of a scroll which
was in your inventory when you read the scroll of golem creation, so make
sure you carry all 3 controlling scrolls before creating it.

Each arm will inflict (x)d(3 + arm value) damage on a target.
The arm value is displayed in brackets, part of the item name.
The 'x' are listed in the materials table below.
Example: A 'Golem Arm (+8)' of an 'Iron Golem' will do 9d(3+8) damage, so
9d11, which means the damage per hit varies randomly from 9 up to 99.
Each leg will increase the golem's speed by the number displayed on the leg.
A golem with 30 legs can be *FAST*, but keep in mind that more than 40..50
speed won't do much of a difference since speed effect in general decreases at
very high values.

The material determines armour class, hit points and the damage dice count of
the golem. Materials are:
    Wood             20 AC,  10d10 hit dice,  3 damage dice.
    Copper           40 AC,  10d20 hit dice,  6 damage dice.
    Iron             70 AC,  10d40 hit dice,  9 damage dice.
    Aluminium        90 AC,  10d60 hit dice, 12 damage dice.
    Silver          100 AC,  10d70 hit dice, 15 damage dice.
    Gold            130 AC,  10d80 hit dice, 18 damage dice.
    Mithril         160 AC, 10d100 hit dice, 21 damage dice.
    Adamantite      210 AC, 10d150 hit dice, 24 damage dice.
Some rumours say that the highest materials can only be found on even deeper
dungeons than where Morgoth, Lord of Darkness resides.

If the creator inscribes items in his inventory with '@G' and then creates a
golem, those items will be transferred to the golem (careful, they cannot be 
retrieved!) and fuse with it, bestowing it with their abilities.
The following rules are applied:
-An item 'of life (+x)' increases the hit dice number by x.
-An item that raises the player's speed by x speeds the golem up by 2 / 3 * x.
-An item that improves the player's tunneling ability bestows the KILL_WALL
 ability upon the golem.
-An item that gives fire or acid resistance will make the golem immune(!) to
 fire or acid.
-An item that gives nether or nexus or disenchantment resistance will give
 the according resistance to the golem.
-Appropriate runes can be used for the resistances/immunities listed above,
 which is probably cheaper than using items.
All other items/abilities have no effect.

Golems can't be detected by ESP, they regenerate quickly, they are powerful
and can push past weaker monsters, they can bash doors. They can dig through
rock, they are immune to cold, electricity and poison, they don't know fear
and can neither be confused nor paralyzed. They are immune to teleportation
attacks. Golems have always the maximum possible hit dice. Further, golems
count as '100 %clones', hence giving no experience, items or form credit (for
mimicry users) if someone kills them.
Golems always attack by hitting with their arms for raw physical damage.
A golem has the same level as its owner had at the time of creation.
Golem owners don't get experience for monsters killed by the golem.

*If the scroll of attack is toggled, the golem will attack its master's current
 target.
*If the scroll of guard is toggled, the golem will start attacking monsters
 nearby. If there aren't any, it just waits.
*If the scroll of following is toggled, the golem will just follow its master.
 If a scroll is activated although the according state is already active, the
 golem will stop doing that.

Last but not least, the golem is..
-following you on staircases up/downwards.
-transported with you by word of recall.
-not transported by normal teleportation.
-saved if you exit the game.
-the golem will never attack other players unless you set them to hostile via
 the party menu ('P'). If they are hostile, the same rules as for monsters
 apply (see the description of the 3 command scrolls above).
-never attacked in melee by other players except if hostile.
 Spells cast by other players will always hurt it though.



(8.4) Artifact creation
-----------------------
(Also see (5.9b) for details about artifacts in general.)
"Scrolls of Artifact Creation" count to the most wanted items in the game
because of their power to turn a normal piece of equipment into a powerful
random artifact. Often kings and queens look out for these since they are
unable to use static artifacts, so they depend on rand-arts.
The scrolls are very rarely found; occasions to buy one are fair in the
expensive black market, but also the normal BM may sometimes offer some.
It doesn't matter where you are, what level you are, or whether your character
has 'luck' or not when you read the scroll, the resulting artifact's power is
always determined randomly.


Here is some advice how to use these most valuable scrolls wisely:

DOESN'T ENCHANT WHOLE STACKS:

-Don't use scrolls of artifact creation on item stacks, it would
reduce the stack to 1.

ONLY WORKS ON STANDARD EQUIPMENT:

-Artifact creation only works on items that can be equipped - with the
exception of tool items like diggers, picklock, money belt, device of theft
prevention, tarpaulin, flint, mummy wrapping, climbing set. These won't work!

DOESN'T WORK ON EGOS / ARTS:

-Don't use them on ego items or artifacts, or you will lose the scroll!

-Watch out: 'Indestructible' and 'Cursed' rings are ego items too, so are
'Amulets of Telepathic Awareness', 'Rings of Polymorphing' and
Dragon Scale Mails 'of Defense'!

HOW IT WORKS ON JEWELRY:

-In general, it's not always a good idea to try to turn a ring or amulet that
has high bonus numbers into an artifact, like for example a ring of speed
(+11) because these numbers will get erased and randomly re-rolled.

-On jewelry (+to-hit,+to-dam) and [+AC] will stay the same (for example a ring
of slaying (+10,+15) will keep the (+10,+15)).
(Any dice (xdy) as well as _base_ AC [x,+0] on jewelry will always become 0.)

HOW IT WORKS ON NON-JEWELRY:

-All boni, to-hit/to-dam/to-ac and the pval/bpval (those (+x) bonus) are
randomly rerolled. So it won't matter what stats the item has, only its
base type is important.

ITEMS THAT ALREADY HAVE ONE OR MORE ABILITIES:

-Some items already possess certain abilities even without ego powers.
For example dragon scale mails or jewelry. Important: The abilities of these
items will be added to the randart abilities when it comes to determining the
total power of that random artifact. That means that you're less likely to see
many additonal abilities on an item which already has several abilities in
it's basic form.
For example it's hard to get extra mods on a Multi-hued Dragon Scale Mail, and
in fact impossible to get any extra mod on a Power Dragon Scale Mail, so don't
waste a scroll on this one.

-However, IGNORE_ flags on items are an exception and do not count into this.
Also, when selecting randart mods, the game will not check if that mod already
existed on the base item (example: 'everburning' mod being added to a feanorian
lamp, which already has that by default ie needs no fuel), so if unlucky it
might seem as if an item did not gain any mods, but in fact it just did not
gain any NEW mods it didn't already possess.

-Note that any mod the base item type already possesses will definitely also be
in the final randart.
Examples: Shadow Blades and Witan Boots will modify stealth, Demon Hammers
will always have SLAY_DEMON mod.
However, there are certain exceptions:
1) if an item gains AGGRAVATE flag in the artifying process, it will lose any
   stealth or invisibility. This allows more than +5 speed on Witan Boots for
   example.
2) Slay flags can be upgraded to kill flags. So a Demon Hammer will lose its
   granted SLAY_DEMON flag if it gets KILL_DEMON instead.
3) -Resistances can be upgraded to immunities. So a Serpent Scale Mail will
    lose its acid resistance if it gets acid immunity.
   -Confusion resistance is overwritten by chaos resistance.
4) Minor ESP base flags can be removed from the item in these ways:
   -Dragons replaces Dragonriders
   -Evil replaces Orc/Troll/Giant/Undead/Demon
   -Full ESP removes all other ESP flags
5) If the item ends up cursed, certain granted base flags can be removed too:
   -Curse removes blessing
   -Experience drain removes hold-life
   -attribute mali remove the according sustenance (STR/INT/WIS/DEX/CON/CHR)


DISCOUNTED ITEMS:

-Items will lose any discount tag when they are artified.


Also note that randarts cannot get more than two immunities in total.


Mods on the final randart:
--------------------------
The item will gain a random number of random properties. The more powerful it
becomes, the higher a chance of also becoming 'aggravating' will be.
(See (5.8) for more information about AGGRAVATE flag.)

There is always a 10% chance that the resulting randart will be 'cursed'.
Cursed randarts cannot be sold to shops even if the curse is broken. They gain
only very few abilities, which are accompanied by different types of curses.

All armour-type randarts will have at least +10 to AC bonus (except if they
happen to be cursed), usually much more, dragon scale mails especially.
Also, the higher level the base type of an armour, the more +AC it can expect
as a randart.

Possible mods that randarts may get depend on its base type.
Further, there are general mods that may appear on all items regardless of its
type. For each applied mod there is a chance of 50% to be picked from either
type-dependant mods or general mods.
- Ammunition (shots/pebbles, arrows, bolts) will never get general mods but
  only type-dependant ones.
- Boomerangs, bows, crossbows and slings will somewhat less often receive
  type-dependant mods than general mods.
- Dragon Scale Mails will more often receive type-dependant mods than general
  mods.
All types not listed under 'Type-dependant mods' will only gain general mods
(for example all jewelry, ie rings and amulets).

Last but not least certain mods will limit or even cancel certain other mods,
sometimes following general rules, sometimes item-type specific rules:

For example an item that provides critical strike and strength bonus might at
first randomly obtain a +8 bonus for its critical strike mod, but then the
strength mod will cut down the final randart bonus to a +5, because items
aren't allowed to give more than +5 to any character stat (str, int, etc).

Similarly, stealth is limited to +5 on most items except for cloaks, so you
cannot get Witan Boots that give more than +5 to speed, since they also always
modify stealth (because the base item type modifies stealth), and stealth is
capped at +5. (Exception: If they get aggravation flag.)

On boots, +speed mod takes precedence over most other limiting mods, which
means that speed-limiting mods will be erased from the boots in most cases if
they threaten to cut down the final pval. Note that mods provided by the base
item type can never be removed, so the stealth mod will never be removed from
Witan Boots and therefore always limit their speed to the stealth cap of +5.


Type-dependant mods:
--------------------
(Note: The probability of each mod varies, depending on the item type)

Bows, crossbows, slings
        Extra shots
        Extra might
        +hit bonus
        +dam bonus
Weapons
        Blessed (usable for priests without penalty)
        Hit point bonus (+LIFE)   (*)
Weapons, boomerangs
        Elemental (acid/elec/fire/cold/poison) brands
        Increased damage dice/dice sides
        All SLAY mods (also have a chance to add the corresponding ESP)
        All KILL (*SLAY*) mods (will also add the corresponding ESP)
        See invisible
        Extra attacks
        Extra +hit and +dam bonus
        Extra +AC bonus
        Critical hit bonus
        Vampiric life leech
        Chaotic (same as ego power)
        Reduced weight
Mage staves
        Sustain wisdom
        Sustain intelligence
        See invisible
        Random ESP
        Extra +mana capacity bonus
Boomerangs (also see 'Weapons' above)
        Extra shots
Dark swords (also see 'Weapons' above)
        Increased anti-magic (not over 30% in total, see (5.9)).
Ammunition
        All elemental brands (acid/elec/fire/cold/poison)
        All SLAY mods
        All KILL (*SLAY*) mods
        Vampiric life leech
        Exploding property. The type of explosion damage is randomly picked
                            from this list:
                            Acid, electricity, fire, cold, poison,
                            light, dark, confusion, plasma, sound, shards,
                            force, inertia, mana, meteor, ice, chaos, nether,
                            nexus, time, gravity, stone-to-mud, teleport away,
                            scare monster, nuke, stun, disintegration,
                            hell fire.
        Extra +hit and +dam bonus, this caps at +12 hit and +6 dam.
        Either +1 extra damage die sides or +1 extra damage dice.
Boots
        Feather falling (levitation)
        Flying
        Climbing
        Extra +AC bonus
        Stealth
        Speed
        Reduced weight
Gloves
        Free action
        Mana capacity bonus
        Auto-ID
        Strength bonus
        Dexterity bonus
        Extra attacks (+1 or +2)
        Critical hit bonus
        One of the elemental brands (acid/elec/fire/cold/poison) or SLAY mods
        Vampiric life leech
        Hit point bonus (+LIFE)   (*)
        Extra +AC bonus (less common than on other items)
        +hit and +dam bonus
Caps and helms
        Resist blindness
        Auto-ID
        All possible ESP mods (including ESP_ALL)
        See invisible
        Intelligence bonus
        Wisdom bonus (less common than on crowns)
        Extra +AC bonus (somewhat more common than on other items)
        Infra-vision
        Resist confusion
        Resist fear
        Hit point bonus (+LIFE)   (*)
Crowns
        Resist blindness
        Auto-ID
        All possible ESP mods (including ESP_ALL)
        See invisible
        Intelligence bonus
        Wisdom bonus
        Extra +AC bonus
        Mana capacity bonus
        Infra-vision
        Faster mana regeneration
        Resist confusion
        Resist fear
        Hit point bonus (+LIFE)   (*)
Shields
        All basic resistances (acid/elec/fire/cold)
        Reflection
        Reduced weight
        Always the maximum of +15 AC, if the server uses block-percentages
         (which is the default setting.)
Cloaks
        Stealth
        Feather falling (levitation)
        Flying
        Fire/cold/acid/lightning resistances
        Chance for either lightning or fire aura and corresponding resistance
        Chance for shard resistance
        Hold life
        Invisibility
        Extra +AC bonus (somewhat more common than on other items)
Body Armour (except for Dragon Scale Mails)
        Stealth
        Hold life
        Constitution bonus (has a chance to include constitution sustenance)
        All basic resistances (acid/elec/fire/cold)
        Hit point bonus (+LIFE)   (*)
        Reduced weight
        Extra +AC bonus
    Royal Armour (Heavy mithril/adamantite armour only usable by winners):
    (these mods may spawn additionally to body armour specific mods above)
        Reflection
        Mana resistance
        somewhat increased chance to spawn base immunities or +LIFE.
Dragon Scale Mails
        Hold life
        Strength bonus (has a chance to include strength sustenance)
        Constitution bonus (has a chance to include constitution sustenance)
        Hit point bonus (+LIFE)   (*)
        Extra +AC bonus
Light sources
        Increased light radius
        Everburning (no fuel needed; applies only if item usually needs fuel)

(*): This mod (+LIFE) may only spawn on a randart (no matter how it is created,
     be it via scroll or via killing of monsters) if either
     a) the player is a winner (Queen/King/Empress/Emperor) or
     b) the server has the 'Fallen Kings Etiquette' enabled, meaning that
        players who won once but then died cannot use static artifacts either
        (press '~' followed by 'd' to check the server settings), and the
        player is actually a fallen winner who lost his title due to death,
        AND his level is at least 50.
     If a player actually wears/wields a +LIFE randart, the +LIFE mod will only
     have an effect on winners (Queens/Kings/Empresses/Emperors).


General mods:
-------------
(Note: The probability isn't equal for each mod)

        Bonus on any stats (has chance to include sustenance for that stat;
                            wisdom might also include 'Blessed' flag)
        Sustenances on any stats (has chance to include bonus for that stat)
        Stealth
        Searching
        Speed
        Any base immunities (acid/elec/fire/cold). Note: A randart cannot have
                                                   more than two immunities!
        Free action
        Hold life
        Any base resistances (acid/elec/fire/cold)
        Any of these resistances:
                Poison, Light, Dark, Blindness, Confusion, Sound,
                Shards, Nether, Nexus, Chaos, Disenchantment
        Feather falling
        Glowing (+1 light radius)
        See invisible
        All possible ESP mods (including ESP_ALL)
        Slow digestion
        Faster mana regeneration
        Faster HP regeneration
        Anti-magic shell (Legendary saving throw, 95% cap)


Item Mod Limits:
----------------
Certain power limits are applied on items, depending on mod-combinations or the
item's base type.

Items cannot give more than +11 to speed, crit or mana.
Items that give two of speed, crit or mana cannot give more than +7.
Items that give speed, crit and mana cannot give more than +5.
Items that give +speed via base-item enforced mod (eg Rings of Speed) cannot
 get more than +7 speed (which is already *extremely* rare).
Items cannot give more than +6 luck.
Items cannot have more than +5 stealth, except for cloaks which can have +6.
Items cannot give more than +5 to stats (STR/INT/WIS/DEX/CON/CHR).
Items cannot have more than +4 searching.
Items cannot give more than +3 extra attacks.
Items cannot give more than +3 life (+30% base hit points).
Items that give both extra attacks and life are capped at +1.
Items that add mana, give mana regeneration or are blessed will never have an
 anti-magic shell.

Headgear cannot give more than +6 infra-vision.
Headgear cannot give more than +3 speed.
Headgear cannot give more than +3 mana.

Gloves cannot get more than +6 to-hit or to-dam bonus, so (+6,+6) is max.
Gloves cannot give more than +2 extra attacks.

Amulets cannot give more than +3 to stats.

1-handed weapons and shields cannot give more than +3 speed.
1-handed weapons cannot give more than +2 life (+20% base hit points).
2-handed weapons cannot give more than +6 speed.


Technical internals
-------------------
More details about how randart creation works internally:
First, a 'target power' is chosen randomly, usually in the range from 40..120.
Then, TomeNET tries several times to generate a randart that approximately
fits into that target power. To do this, after a randart is randomly created,
all its abilities are checked and calculated into a single number, the
'artifact_power'. If this approximately matches the 'target power', the
randart is finally created. If the numbers differ a lot, the randart is erased
and randomly recreated until its powers are fitting. The higher the target
power is, the more likely the randart will be 'aggravating nearby creatures'.
(See (5.8) for more information about AGGRAVATE flag.)



(8.5) Alternative ruleset 'Ironman Server'
------------------------------------------
A server might be configured with a special ruleset called 'Ironman Server'
rules. Such a server will be listed on the meta server under
  "TomeNET Ironman ..."
instead of just
  "TomeNET ..."
and when you connect to it and enter the character overview
screen, at the bottom there will be a line reading
  "The server is running 'IRONMAN_SERVER' settings".

In general, Ironman rules are stricter than normal server configurations.

The differences between Ironman ruleset and normal servers are as follows:
  -Only one character is allowed per account.
  -All characters are no-ghost mode, so they have only 1 life (ie 'unworldly').
  -Usually, accounts expire slower (180 days instead of 60 days).
  -The Training Tower is empty, no monsters or items spawn in there
   (except for the Arena Monster Challenge event).
  -Certain extra stores may spawn in the dungeons
   ('Seasoned Tradesman', or specialized stores similar to town stores).
  -All dungeons are ironman (see (4.3)):
   -Bree's dungeon 'Barrow-Downs' is normal ironman,
   -other town dungeons allow recalling every 500 ft (10 floors),
   -non-town dungeons allow random recalling at a 20% chance per floor,
   -on dungeon levels shallower than level 20 (eg easier than -1000 ft Bree),
    recalling is impossible, overriding the above rules.
  -Players may recall INTO dungeons to 50 ft + every 1000 ft, eg to 50 ft,
   1050 ft, 2050 ft, ... .
  -Players start with more gold (class-dependant) to buy supplies.
  -Players additionally start with a few cure wounds potions.
  -Players get a message in chat when party members take a staircase.
  -If a party owner dies, someone else from the party is automatically promoted
   to party owner, so parties won't get disbanded easily, making party-diving
   more effective.
  -Mimicry users have a very slim chance of insta-learning a form!
   (Note that this also works 'in advance', ie while you have not yet the
   required mimicry skill to actually see the learn-message show up.)
  -Item level restrictions are disabled and have no effect.
  -Quests can be acquired as early as at level 3 instead of level 5,
   and the quality of the rewarded items is somewhat boosted on average,
   while the amount of monsters that needs to be slain is even somewhat lower.
  -Temporary luck bonus from deeds is somewhat longer.
  -Usually, scheduled artifact resets happen less frequently (if at all).
   (See (5.9b) for more information about artifact resets.)
  -Halloween event allows players up to 40 instead of 35,
   and the Great Pumpkin spawns on floors up to level 49 instead of 39.
  -Stealing from stores is possible right away instead of requiring a certain
   character level (usually 5 on normal servers).
  -Server settings that would usually turn items dropped/thrown by very low
   level characters to level 0 will be ignored, ie item level is kept.


(8.5a) Special server type 'Arcade Server'
------------------------------------------
*** Under very sporadic development -
    features might be incomplete/not working.
    To check the sourc code, look for ARCADE_SERVER definitions.
    The arcade server might not be running at all times but
    you could ask for it to be started when an admin is online. ***

Like 'Ironman Server' mentioned in the paragraph above, 'Arcade Server' is an
alternate ruleset, which is however *very* different from normal gameplay:

The Arcade Server was originally created and developed by Moltor. Later on
Kurzel also joined the project. It has nothing to do with normal dungeon
dwelling but instead features some hot action games that merely (ab)use the
TomeNET 'engine'. :)

Note: After logging in you may press '?' key for a help screen.
      The descriptions below are partially taken from that help file.


*******************************************************************************
 If you log on to an Arcade Server, your client will automatically attempt to
 load the required macro file to play, which is
  - 'arcade-win.prf' on Windows OS
  - 'arcade-x11.prf' on X11 (Linux/OSX)

 If your client is older than 4.5.3 you probably don't have these macros.
 In that case you can download them at the bottom of the downloads page on
 www.tomenet.net and extract them to folder TomeNET/lib/user.
 But of course you should actually just update your whole client instead.
*******************************************************************************


On the Arcade server, you can play..


Smash'em
--------
Smash TV was a kickass arcade game from 1990, similar to Robotron. The player
is attacked from all sides by mostly-unarmed goons. The arcade version uses two
joysticks to allow you to run and fire in different directions. Unfortunately
tomenet doesn't support joystick input. Here you must use special macros to
shoot. For details press '?' in the game.

The Smash'em macros provide the following controls:

    F1              starts the game.
    F2              starts the game at level 4, skipping the early
                    levels if you feel that those are too easy.

    q,w,e           makes your character auto-fire in the according
    a, ,d            direction (y key works same as z key).
    z,x,c

    s               stops firing/bandages.

    ,               same as '<' key (ie go up one level).

    numpad          movement.

    Q               quit game.

    TAB             switch macro set from "Smash'em" to "Tron".


Tron
----
Like in the movie "Tron", a light cycle racing game where you leave a trail of
energy behind you forming a wall in which you and other competitors can crash
which results in their elimination.
Power-ups will randomly spawn and increase the trail length.
Up to four players can participate at once. For details press '?' in the game.

The Tron macros provide the following controls:

    F3              enter arena.
    F4              start game.

    F5              list options.

    F6              reduce game speed.
    F7              increase game speed.

    F9              reduce snake max length.
    F10             increase snake max length.

    F11             reduce amount of walls.
    F12             increase amount of walls.

    Arrow keys or   movement.
    numpad 2,4,6,8

    Q               quit game.

    TAB             switch macro set from "Tron" to "Smash'em".

Hit F4 as soon as at least two players have joined the areana via F3 key to
start the actual match.

To toggle an option, type "option" or "option on"/"option off" in chat.
Speed can be changed via "moar speed"/"less speed",
length can be changed via "moar length"/"less length",
walls can be changed via "moar walls"/"less walls".


Food Fight
----------
<to come>


Boat Arena
----------
<to come>



(8.6) Troubleshooting
---------------------
Note: Some of these problems are deprecated and don't exist in this form or at
all anymore. Some messages might also vary slightly.
For trouble with lagging out or freezing up, see PROBLEM 25 and 28.

PROBLEM 00: I am behind a firewall. What ports do I need to open in order to
            play TomeNET?
SOLUTION:   If you want to connect directly to a specific server by specifying
            its address via command-line or config file, you only need to allow
            an outgoing TCP/IP connection to remote port 18348, that's the
            standard port servers run on. (If you'd like to play on the Ironman
            server, it's port 19348 instead of 18348. See (8.5) for more
            information about Ironman settings. For the Arcade server it's port
            20348, see (8.5a) for more information about Arcade server.)
            If you want to make use of the server list that appears when you
            don't specify a particular server, you additionally have to allow
            the game to connect to the meta server which provides the server
            list. For this, remote port 8801 TCP must also be opened.
            If you don't have access to the firewall, for example in school or
            at work, you can still try to set up an SSH tunnel or a socks
            proxy server (on either the firewall machine or your PC at home or
            any other PC outside. Ask google for info about how to do that).

PROBLEM 01: I don't get to see a server list when I start TomeNET.
            Instead, I am immediately asked for account and password.
SOLUTION:   This is a typical problem on Windows XP. There are 3
            possible fixes:
            -Use 'Win98 Compatibility Mode' (Create a link from TomeNET.exe,
             right-click it, choose 'properties', choose 'Compatibility'.
             This option is available natively on Windows XP systems; for
             Windows 2000 systems first try the other two points mentioned
             below, if they don't help, get the compatibility mode update
             from www.microsoft.com or from www.c-blue.de/appupd.exe ).
            -Move the 'TomeNET' directory to your drive's root. For
             example C:\TomeNET\.. .
            -Make sure the path name does not contain any spaces!
            -to edit your "TomeNET.ini" file and specify a host directly by
             specifying "HOST=europe.tomenet.net".
             Or you can even give the IP address "HOST=85.118.45.235".

PROBLEM 02: I get to a server list, but it doesn't show any servers. It just
            says 'Press Q to enter a server manually' and that's it.
SOLUTION:   There are 2 possible solutions.
            -There is currently no public TomeNET server running. That can
             happen if a server update is currently being applied or if for
             some reason the server just crashed. Try again after a minute.
            -There are some DNS problems. These can happen for various reasons
             although they aren't very likely. DNS problems can last for a
             longer period of time though, being very annoying.
             That the server isn't listed doesn't mean that it's down though.
             You should try to connect manually (press 'Q') to either:
             europe.tomenet.net
             or (if that doesn't work either) directly to its IP adress:
             85.118.45.235

PROBLEM 03: When I start TomeNET I don't see anything except a small hollow
            yellow rectangle (the cursor). All windows stay black. It seems
            that the cursor reacts to my inputs by printing out some black
            hence invisible text.
SOLUTION:   A rare problem that is not caused by TomeNET really, but usually
            happens on Windows XP and older:
            MS Windows sometimes keeps the TomeNET font file opened although
            the client has already been terminated. Next time you start TomeNET
            it will be unable to open its font files for that reason, resulting
            in the lack of any text on the screen.
            What to do is restart your MS Windows system and the text should be
            visible again.
            (This usually only happens once, after updating the client.)

PROBLEM 04: All windows _except for the main window_ stay empty.
SOLUTION:   First make sure it's really a bug and not just missing window
            settings: Press '=' key and 'w' key and configure your windows
            appropriately. It is vital to set one of the windows to display
            game and/or chat messages, so you can actually read what other
            players write, and also keep track of combat messages!
            When you're done setting up the windows, go to 'save options'
            (key 's').
            If all the windows are still blank, read on:
            Exact reasons are unknown but seem to only happen on MS Windows
            machines. Sometimes a simple reboot helps. If it doesn't, open
            TomeNET.ini file with a text editor, look for the window sections,
            change the fonts to the same settings (8x13) as in the
            [Main window] section: FontFile=8X13.FON , Font=8X13.FON .
            Also, you could adjust the width/height of the windows (to 80x24
            for example). Try other fonts too, maybe they work for you.

PROBLEM 05: I cannot browse (some) spell books, I see some LUA error messages
            if I try or when I connect to the server.
SOLUTION:   Your LUA script files are outdated. Those files are responsible
            for any spell-casting and some other things.
            To update them, you have 2 possibilities:
            -Automatic update: Join the server, you should see a message in
             the chat window, saying that (some of) your LUA files are being
             updated.
            -If for some reason auto-update doesn't work for you,
             download the latest client again.
            Note: There was a bug in client 4.4.8, preventing it from auto-
            updating LUA files, which was fixed in 4.4.8a and higher again.

PROBLEM 06: TomeNET seems to freeze up while playing. (Also see PROBLEM 25 and
            28, which offer different solutions for similar issues!)
SOLUTION:   This can happen if your latency is relatively high and many
            messages are transported between the server and your client.
            In fact it's just your display that freezes up. In that state
            you can for example type a chat message and other players
            will read it.
            Quit the game and join again to continue playing.
            Or just start another instance of the game and log in, that will
            override the old connection, making your client quit with
            "resume connection" message.

PROBLEM 07: I am disconnected during gameplay. (Note: If it seems to be a
            lag-out or freeze problem, also see PROBLEM 25 and 28!)
SOLUTION:   This can have several reasons. On disconnection a message box will
            appear, telling you about the problem. The following messages
            might occur:
            "client quit"
                    This just shows up if you regularly quit your client.
            "Committed suicide"
                    You just committed suicide..
            "resume connection"
                    This happens if you try to log in the same character with
                    two TomeNET clients at once, the older client will quit
                    and the client that just logged in will take over.
            "Killed by..."
                    Your character was finally killed/destroyed.
            "Starving auto-kick"
                    Your character was starving due to lack of food, and you
                    were not moving or performing any action for some time, so
                    the game assumed you were AFK and kicked your character out
                    to prevent it from starving to death without you noticing.
                    What you need to do: Log back in and eat something as soon
                    as possible.
            "Starving to death"
                    You died to starvation.
            "Timeout 08"
                    This happens if you 'lag out' on a slow connection or if
                    the server or your computer is under very heavy load.
            "Panic save failed"
                    This means the server just crashed and even failed to save
                    the characters :(. It will usually be back online after a
                    minute or earlier.
            "Panic save succeded"
                    This means the server just crashed :(. It will usually
                    be back online after a minute or earlier.
            "Server shutdown (save succeeded)"
                    The server was shut down regularly. It will usually be
                    back online after a minute or earlier.
            "Server shutdown (save failed!)"
                    The server was shut down regularly but saving the
                    characters failed for some reason (insufficient disk
                    space). It will usually be back online after a minute or
                    earlier.
            "banned for ..."
                    You were banned temporarily from the server (includes
                    being kicked out).
            "kicked out"
                    You were kicked out of the server.
            "read error"
                    Can happen if you lag out or if packet loss occurs.
            "write error"
                    Can happen if you lag out or if packet loss occurs.
            "flush error"
                    Can happen if you lag out or if packet loss occurs.
            "receive error in play"
                    Can happen if you lag out or if packet loss occurs.
            "can't read on socket"
                    Can happen if your connection gets disrupted or overloaded.
                    May especially happen on not-so-great connections if you
                    die and the server tries to send a large bunch of death
                    dump information to your client.

PROBLEM 08: I am disconnected from the server with an error message, this
            happens before I can even start playing.
SOLUTION:   Read the error message displayed in a message box on quitting.
            Here is a list of possible errors and solutions:
            "Your name is too long!"
                    Don't use names longer than 15 characters.
            "Your name contains control chars!"
                    Don't use control chars in your name.
            "No such character"
                    Your client tried to log in with a
                    non-existant character (shouldn't happen).
            "You are temporarily banned from connecting to this server!"
                    Self-explaining.
            "disconnect in login"
                    Don't take too long for your character
                    creation or you might time out.
            "login failure" or "can't read on socket"+"net input error" in the
            character overview screen:
                    A wrong account or password was entered.
            "Name already owned"
                    Account name already exists.
            "Your client is outdated. Please get the latest one from
            http://www.tomenet.net/"
                    Download the latest client, see (0.1).
            "Server responds 'Unknown client version'. Server might
            be outdated or client is invalid. Latest client is at
            http://www.tomenet.net/"
                    The server might be running an older
                    version than your client is.
            "Sorry, the game is full.  Try again later."
                    Wow the game is really full!
            "Your accountname, username or hostname contains invalid characters"
            (or just "Net input error")
                    Player characters are identified by 4 names:
                    -Character name
                    -Account name
                    -Username (The name they are logged on with on their PC)
                    -Hostname (The hostname of the connecting computer)
                    The hostname is not really important. However, make sure
                    that all of these names may only consist of letters,
                    numbers, spaces, and all other characters with an ASCII
                    code between 32 (SPACE) and 122 ('z').
                    The username and hostname must not be empty. The character
                    name needs to start with a letter ('A'..'Z' or 'a'..'z').
            "There is already another character from this user/machine on the
            server."
                    You tried to login with two characters from the same
                    account or machine simultaneously, which is usually
                    forbidden.
            "Sorry, the server is for members only.  Please retry with name
            'guest'."
                    Log in with 'guest'. You need to get an account for this
                    private server in order to play. Check the server's intro
                    screen for information about how to obtain an account.
            "That nick name is already in use. If it is your nickname, wait 30
            seconds and try again."
                    Happens if you get disconnected and then try to reconnect
                    from a different IP adress before your character timed out
                    (which takes approximately 20-30 seconds).
            ("Connection failed with status xx" (xx is an error code)
                    This message should never appear.)
            "That server either isn't up, or you mistyped the hostname."
                    The client was unable to connect to the server you
                    specified. If you are sure that you have entered the
                    correct IP adress or hostname, check your firewall (see
                    PROBLEM 00 for more information).
                    NOTE: Servers might be down temporarily when they are
                    updated. So make sure to try again after a few minutes.
                    If the server really seems to be down for a longer period
                    of time, us admins are probably not at home and you'll
                    have to wait for a bit, sorry. Such downtimes basically
                    never happen though.
            "Server didn't respond!"
                    The server is up, but something is awry. Wait for a few
                    minutes, there might be admins working on it at the
                    moment. Otherwise, visit the forum (see above).
            "Network verify failed!"
                    May happen if you specify a wrong password or try to
                    create an account which already exists.
                    Also happens (following a "No Verify Response") if your
                    connection to the server is *really* bad.
            If you get kicked out with an error message on the character
            overview screen (which seems to be empty), also see PROBLEM 14.

PROBLEM 09: I can't connect to the meta-server (the server that displays you
            a list of online TomeNET servers) or a specific TomeNET server.
            Instead my connection seems to time-out.
SOLUTION:   If you are behind a firewall make sure that the TCP ports
            8801 for metaserver and 18348 for the actual TomeNET server aren't
            blocked. (Well, the metaserver isn't needed to play - specify the
            game server via command-line or when asked for it after starting
            up the game then.)
            The meta server's hostname is "meta.tomenet.net" and its IP is
            actually the same as the official game servers (85.118.45.235);
            In case there is a DNS problem somewhere in the internet you could
            just edit TomeNET.ini and replace the hostname by its actual IP.

PROBLEM 10: I'm not blocked by a firewall, but I still don't see the
            metaserver when I run Tomenet. Instead after waiting for a short
            period of time I'm asked to enter a server manually.
SOLUTION:   The meta-server might be down or a DNS problem might be occuring
            right now. This can happen from time to time. You don't need the
            meta-server to play TomeNET though.
            Just type in the hostname of the server you'd like to connect to,
            for official main server:   europe.tomenet.net
            If the hostname doesn't work you can also try entering its IP
            address 85.118.45.235.
            Make sure your TomeNET.ini file contains the correct server port,
            usually 18348! This port isn't needed if you use the meta-list to
            choose a server to connect to, but it's important if you connect
            directly! (For linux the file is ".tomenetrc".)
            You can connect directly to a TomeNET server and skip the meta
            server list by running your Tomenet directly from the command-line
            (DOS window) within its folder, adding the server IP as a
            parameter. (In windows2k choose START/Run... and type 'cmd'
            without quotation marks to open a command-line window.
            Alternatively you can create a shortcut from your TomeNET.exe by
            right-clicking, dragging, releasing it. Edit this shortcut's
            properties and add the server IP to the command-line.)
            For official main server it would look like this:
            TomeNET.exe europe.tomenet.net
            If the hostname doesn't work for whatever reason you may try the
            IP adress:
            TomeNET.exe 85.118.45.235

PROBLEM 11: The main window doesn't display the floor dots in town and in
            certain dungeons, like the Training Tower and Angband. Further,
            fields are sometimes not redrawn correctly, resulting in fake
            'trails'.
SOLUTION:   Seems to happen on MS Windows machines sometimes.
            Workaround (will slightly change the game's look, ie those dots):
            Edit /lib/user/font-win.prf and comment out the lines which end on
            the string '\31' (should be 2 lines at the beginning of the file,
            those labelled 'Floors' and 'Invis Traps').
            'Commenting out' means that you simply put a '#' symbol at the
            beginning of a line.

PROBLEM 12: Every time I connect to the server it will automatically download
            LUA script files. However, they will have a size of 0 Bytes.
SOLUTION:   Possibly write-protection on existing files or the folder.
            Workaround: Make sure you really have the latest LUA files in
            TomeNET's /lib/scpt folder (you can download them from
            http://www.tomenet.net/ or our personal pages). Then set all LUA
            files in that directory to write-protected. This will prevent
            TomeNET from overwriting them with 0 Byte files.

PROBLEM 13: I seem to be able to login, create a new character or select a
            character, and see the message of the day (login screen).
            But right before the actual game starts I get a broken pipe / no
            packet reply error.
SOLUTION:   This might be caused by a misconfigured router (some D-Link models
            for example). Try to establish an SSH-tunnel from your PC behind
            the router to a machine outside of your LAN for port 18348 (TCP).
            (This might even reduce lag under certain circumstances.)

PROBLEM 14: I get kicked out with an error message after entering an account
            name and password.
SOLUTION:   It's most likely because that account name is already in use by
            someone else so your password was recognized as 'incorrect' since
            it was most likely different from that user's password. Just try a
            different account name.
            Likewise, if that account indeed belongs to you, you have probably
            made a typo while entering your password.

PROBLEM 15: The level completely changed while I was on it.
SOLUTION:   No real solution at this time, sorry. See (0.5) for more
            information about that problem. ('types of crashes')
            IMPORTANT: You should restart the client immediately and recall
            right after you logged back in, to avoid getting killed.

PROBLEM 16: I cannot see monster x although I can 'See Invisible'.
SOLUTION:   Some monsters have no appeareance and cannot be seen at all.

PROBLEM 17: After my character appears in the actual game, I receive an orange
            message saying "Receiving updated file ....", followed by a red
            message saying "No access to lib directory!".
SOLUTION:   The first message means, that one or more magic spells or prayers
            have been changed, and your client tries to automatically update
            its spell scripts to the latest version (LUA scripts in lib/scpt).
            Since this update didn't always work for everyone, and sometimes
            the scripts would be deleted instead of updated due to a bug, all
            spell scripts (LUA files) were set to be write-protected. This
            prevents accidental deletion, but also prevents auto-updating,
            which is indicated by the red error message!
            To solve this, you will have to delete the files within your
            /lib/scpt directory and replace them with the latest versions
            manually.
            If auto-download fails, download the latest client manually again.

PROBLEM 18: When I try to unpack the latest TomeNET ZIP file, I get strange
            messages telling of 'write-protected', 'read-only' or 'password-
            protected'. Afterwards, the client won't function properly.
SOLUTION:   Make sure that TomeNET is NOT running while you try to install the
            new version. If TomeNET is running, the unpacking will fail to
            overwrite the existing files! Shut down TomeNET, then extract the
            ZIP (overwriting everything), then start TomeNET again.

PROBLEM 19: On GNU/Linux OS, When someone uses the /page command to page me,
            I don't hear the three beeps.
SOLUTION A: You are probably using OSS. If your soundcard or soundchip doesn't
            support mixing of multiple sources, that means only one program at
            a time can output sound. In that case, do the following:
            Make sure all your programs, like media players, instant
            messengers, system setting tools, etc. are set to use 'ALSA' for
            sound, not OSS. Now that all programs use ALSA, make Tomenet use
            ALSA too. You can do that by using an "ALSA wrapper" which takes
            the OSS sound output of any application that doesn't support ALSA
            natively, and wraps it to ALSA. The ALSA wrapper is called 'aoss'.
            After installing 'aoss', just use call it with the OSS application
            as parameter. Example:    $> aoss ./tomenet
            Another example (to start the Opera webbrowser):    $> aoss opera
SOLUTION B: If you are using X11, this problem may occur depending on your
            terminal configuration. You can try to change your configuration,
            or you can press '=' key to go to Audio Options and enable
            'Use audio system for paging sounds'. This will result in paging
            sounds being played via your sound card, instead of the operating
            system's beep (requires TomeNET v4.4.5 or higher).
            (See (2.1a) for more information about the audio system.)

PROBLEM 20: Are 'ToME' and 'TomeNET' similar?
SOLUTION:   Despite similar name, the only thing these two games have in common
            is that they are both middle-earth themed, and some visuals might
            also be similar.
            Other than that, the two games are quite different in most aspects!
            In other words: TomeNET is definitely not 'multi-player ToME'.
            Also, the two games are maintained/developed by completely different
            persons and teams.

PROBLEM 21: My (mixer) settings or window positions (MS Windows only) aren't
            saved automatically as they should be, when I quit the game.
SOLUTION:   Don't use ALT+F4 or the 'x' button in the title bar of the game
            window to quit the game. It will result in skipping the normal exit
            routine, which asks you to save chat and which also saves certain
            settings. Instead, use CTRL+X for 'save & quit' (compare 0.2).

PROBLEM 22: When I try to login, I get a 'security violation'.
SOLUTION:   Either your host name (that's your PC's network name you can set in
            the Windows network settings) or network user name (usually same
            you use to login with, UNIX-style) is empty, or your TomeNET account
            name starts with an invalid character (must be A..Z).
            Another possibility is that you are already logged in, and are now
            trying to log in again from a different IP address. Resuming a
            connection is possible, but must be done from the same IP address.

PROBLEM 23: I just quit the game, and tried to log in again with another
            character of mine, but I get an error message saying
            "Multiple logins on the same account aren't allowed".
SOLUTION:   When you quit the game while you are still inside a dungeon or a
            tower, your character will stay in the game for around 20..30 more
            seconds.
            This prevents cheating by just quitting when a dangerous situation
            occurs in gameplay.
            During this time, if you try to login again, you can only use the
            same character that is now sitting out the timeout, thereby
            resuming your gameplay.
            You cannot log in with any other character until the timeout of
            20..30 seconds is over and your old character has finally been
            taken offline by the server.
            In general, you should avoid quitting the game outside of towns,
            since it can put you in danger. Not only because your character
            will stay in the game for a little while after you quit, but also
            because you can't be sure what the situation around you will be
            the next time you log on again!

PROBLEM 24: When trying to macro F-keys, they don't seem to work properly.
            Especially, when hitting F1, a window about MS Windows Help/Support
            pops up instead.
SOLUTION:   When playing on a notebook, check the state of the 'Fn' special
            shift key, and toggle it accordingly.

PROBLEM 25: The connection is surprisingly laggy. (Also see PROBLEM 28!)
SOLUTION:   -If you're on Wifi (WLAN) plug in an ethernet cable instead!
            Wireless LAN connections can be pretty unreliable and cause
            periodic lag from trying to re-scan for available networks.
            Alternatively you can try to configure your WLAN not to do that,
            however, WLAN can still be pretty prone to lag sometimes.
            -Test it on another PC on the same internet connection.
            -Test it on a friend's internet connection.
            -Check if it only happens on certain in-game actions you perform.
            -Check if it only happens at a certain time of the day.
            -Make sure you don't have downloads or uploads running in the
            background.

PROBLEM 26: I resized some TomeNET windows by dragging them with the mouse,
            but it seems it doesn't have the desired effect.
SOLUTION:   After having resized windows via mouse, restart the game once
            by exiting with CTRL+X key.

PROBLEM 27: While I am creating a new character, I got disconnected with a
            "Timeout 04" error message.
SOLUTION:   You have about 20 minutes to complete the character creation
            process. If you exceed this time, you will timeout and get
            disconnected.

PROBLEM 28: If I or other players nearby fire a lot of arrows or cast a lot
            of spells, my client lags or freezes somewhat.
            Could also happen when taking staircases or when there are a lot of
            monsters on the screen.
SOLUTION:   Try to reduce or even disable flush-waits, by toggling the client
            options 'thin_down_flush' and if that's not enough also
            'disable_flush'. For details about these, see (2.3).

PROBLEM 29: I accidenally closed one of the sub-windows and now it's gone.
            How do I get it back?
SOLUTION:   Closing a sub-window sets it to 'invisible'. To change that, close
            TomeNET first, then edit the file 'TomeNET.ini' in any text editor,
            locate the particular window, and you'll see a line saying
            "Visibility=0". Change the 0 to 1 and start TomeNET again.

PROBLEM 30: Changes I do to my macros seem to not get saved or macros I deleted
            seem to still be there or client options I configured seem to reset
            to their previous values although I saved the macros/options to
            their respective .prf file.
SOLUTION:   Macros or client options can be saved to various .prf files which
            might _all_ get loaded automatically and partially override each
            other. So check _all_ (except for font*.prf and graf*.prf usually)
            .prf files in your lib/user folder and/or move or delete them to
            make sure they don't get loaded if you don't intend them to.
            For example the file 'user.prf' usually carries your client options
            and overrides the default file 'options.prf'. However, if there's a
            file 'user-x11.prf' (system-specific for Linux X11 - on Windows
            systems it'd be 'user-win.prf' accordingly) that one in turn will
            override settings in user.prf.
            An example regarding macro files: Let's say your character's name
            is 'Gandalf' and you saved your macros to 'Gandalf.prf' faithfully.
            However, since Gandalf is a human warrior, the client will also
            automatically load the files called 'Human.prf' and 'Warrior.prf'
            if those exist and also try to load a .prf file named like your
            account name.

PROBLEM 31: After logging on, the file 'audio.lua' was updated automatically.
            Now the wrong sound effects seem to be played for game events.
SOLUTION:   Just log out and back in, and your sound should be fine again.
            This typically happens if 'audio.lua' was updated.
            On a side note: Also check if maybe the sound pack was updated too,
            so you can redownload it and not miss out on newly added sound
            effects. Usually an update to file 'audio.lua' means that the sound
            pack has also been updated indeed.

PROBLEM 32: When trying to extract a music or sound pack to my xtra folder in
            order to install it, I get an error message or it doesn't seem to
            work correctly.
SOLUTION:   See (2.1a) for details on how to install audio packs. Also note
            that some people have reported that the program 'WinRAR' seems to
            cause problems in some cases, giving them "file corrupted" errors.
            A powerful free and open source program that is guaranteed to work
            is '7zip' (a sourceforge project at the time of writing)
            downloadable at:  http://www.7-zip.org/

PROBLEM 33: On OSX when entering the game (right after picking a character) in
            big_map mode with already large (46 lines) main window, the window
            will suddenly become small (24 lines) again.
            As of the time of writing this, the exact cause is still unknown.
            A workaround is to perform the following steps:
            -turn off big_map mode and save the '=' options
            -exit client with CTRL+X (so it will save the main window height)
            -log on again, turn on big_map mode, save the '=' options.
            -from now on, always exit the game via the window close button in
             the window's titlebar, never via CTRL+X. That way, your .tomenetrc
             config file is never overwritten and hence your client will always
             start with only 24 lines, switching back to correct big_map mode
             only when you actually log in with a character, thus circumventing
             the bug.

PROBLEM 34: On certain terminal emulators, TomeNET when run in ncurses-mode
            ('-c' command-line option or just a GCU-only client) will display
            wrong colours. This used to happen on Xfce4's 'Terminal' up till
            TomeNET version 4.5.0 (but didn't happen on xterm).
SOLUTION:   Since TomeNET 4.5.0a a hack has been added to work with Xfce4's
            'Terminal' terminal emulator.
            On other terminals where colours aren't correct, try exporting
            the TERM environment variable with the value "xterm16-color".
            For example run tomenet with this command (assumed you're inside
            the same folder as the executable binary 'tomenet'):
              TERM=xterm-16color ./tomenet -c

PROBLEM 35: When running the client in terminal-mode, messages like
            "ALSA lib pcm.c...:(snd_pcm_recover) underrun occurred"
            pop up, but the sound/music actually works ok.
            How to get rid of the messages?
SOLUTION:   Either tweak your sound settings (buffer size etc.) so ALSA doesn't
            get underruns anymore, or, if the audio actually sounds ok, you can
            suppress the messages by starting TomeNET with '-e' option, for
            example:
              ./tomenet -c -e
            This will redirect all messages which usually are sent to stderr
            to a log file "tomenet.log" instead, which will be created in your
            TomeNET folder.
            Alternatively, you can just redirect all error out put to /dev/null
            to completely discard it:
              ./tomenet -c 2>/dev/null

PROBLEM 36: Can I made the game windows larger?
SOLUTION:   You can resize windows that hold messages (chat and/or game
            messages) simply by dragging the lower edge down/upwards with your
            mouse. This also works for the main window, but this one will not
            remember its new size unless you also save your client options
            after you resized it (press '=' and then 's' to save those).
            Alternatively, you can edit the TomeNET.ini file (on Windows) or
            the .tomenetrc file (on Linux or OSX) and change the amount of
            lines for each window manually.
            Other than that, you can also increase the font size (that is the
            text size) in TomeNET: Either press '=' key and then cycle through
            pre-defined font sizes by tapping 'f' key, or again you can edit
            the TomeNET.ini file (Windows) or .tomenetrc file (Linux/OSX) to
            set fonts manually for each game window.
            Well, and you could change your actual screen resolution of course.

PROBLEM 37: When I join the server I get spammed with violet LUA error messages
            and also it will say in orange/dark-green that my LUA files are
            getting updated.
SOLUTION:   This happens when your LUA files are quite outdated.
            Just wait until the lua update has completed, you see that it has
            when you get a light green message saying "Reinitializing Lua".
            When that happened, quit and rejoin the server, the LUA errors
            should no longer happen now.

PROBLEM 38: I want to edit my TomeNET.ini file to enter name and password, so I
            don't have to type it in everytime I log on. But I don't see this
            file in my 'TomeNET' folder.
SOLUTION:   Windows by default hides the extension of most files, this means
            that the ".ini" part is invisible.
            Three ways around this:
            1) In file explorer, go to 'folder options' (usually in the Extras
               menu) and turn off hiding known file extensions.
            2) Right-click on a small (3kB) plain-looking file named 'TomeNET'
               in your TomeNET folder, and choose 'edit' (pick notepad.exe for
               editing, if asked). This file is most likely TomeNET.ini with
               its extension being hidden.
            3) Open an editor (for example notepad) and go to menu File->Open
               and browse to your TomeNET folder, and then type in
               'tomenet.ini' to have notepad open it.

PROBLEM 39: I run the Windows client on Wine, and when I resize the main window
            it doesn't resize properly or its contents aren't resized properly.
SOLUTION:   You need at least Wine 1.5.20 for this to work properly.
            (That Wine got a bugfix for correctly dispatching WM_EXITSIZEMOVE).

PROBLEM 40: I see black floor tiles that seem buggy. They can't be lit or they
            'smear' if other things pass over them.
SOLUTION:   In a file explorer, navigate into the folder 'TomeNET/lib/user'
            and delete the file 'font-win.prf' in there.

PROBLEM 41: Keyboard input on KDE/Linux is strangely laggy.
SOLUTION:   This is a weird one, but what has worked is to use smaller text
            fonts (at most 9X14).



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