
COPYRIGHT STATUS

The bulk of this code is copyright by members of or all of the R Core
Team.  ('The R Core Team' in copyright statements in individual files
refers to some or all of the team.)

See the file COPYING for the exact conditions under which you may
redistribute it.  R as a whole is distributed under GPL version 2 or
3: most source files contain a copyright statement allowing use of
that file under GPL version 2 or later: the main exceptions are the
included versions of packages 'MASS', 'class', 'nnet', 'rpart' and
'spatial' (GPL-2 or GPL-3).

The status of files used only in the Windows port is in file
src/gnuwin32/COPYRIGHTS.win, which is appended to this file in binary
Windows distributions.

Note that almost all the code *is* copyright and may only be
reproduced if the copyright notice (that in the file or this notice)
is preserved.  The status of the included EISPACK and LINPACK routines
is unclear: they are said to be in the public domain in the USA.

	---------------------------------------------------

Some (but not all) of the public header files are distributed under
the more permissive terms of version 2.1 or later of the LGPL: see
files R_HOME/share/licenses/LGPL-2.1 and R_HOME/share/licenses/LGPL-3.
This applies only to the header files

src/include/R.h
src/include/Rdefines.h
src/include/Rgraphics.h
src/include/Rinternals.h
src/include/Rmath.h
src/include/S.h
src/include/R_ext/*.h

Note that it does not apply to the header files such as Rembedded.h
and Rinterface.h used for third-party front ends.

From the announcement of the change (2001-Feb-05)

    It came to our attention that some projects are interpreting GPL to
    mean that compiling against the header files or linking against a
    Windows import library brings the compiled code under the scope of
    GPL.  This would mean it would be impossible to distribute binary
    versions of non-GPL packages with compiled code which called entry
    points in the R executable or DLL, of which there are many on CRAN.

    We encourage packages to be distributed under Open Source conditions,
    but accept that this is not possible for some contributions.  Our
    intention is that export files and import libraries be 'accessors'
    under clause 5 of the LGPL, so that in most cases no (additional)
    restrictions are imposed by compiling a package using the LGPL-ed
    components of R.

    To avoid any anomalies, the versions of the same files in R versions
    1.0.0 to 1.2.1 may also be used under LGPL or GPL.

As from R 2.3.0 import libraries are no longer used under Windows, and
as from R 2.4.0 fewer export files are used under AIX.

Some contributed files are also covered by the Library General Public License.
These include (see also below)

src/library/stats/R/embed.R
src/library/stats/src/PPsum.c

	---------------------------------------------------




Some of the code contains different copyright statements.  It is used
here in accordance with the copyright conditions in that code.  A
not-necessarily-complete list of such files is:

src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/*___.afm

	Copyright (c) 1984 to 1992 Adobe Systems Incorporated.

src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/MustRead.html
src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/Courier*.afm
src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/Helvetica*.afm
src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/Times*.afm
src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/Symbol.afm
src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/ZapfDingbats.afm

	Copyright (c) 1985, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1997 Adobe Systems
	Incorporated.  All Rights Reserved.

src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/*l.afm

	Copyright 1999 by (URW)++ Design & Development

src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/CM_*.afm
src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/cm*.afm

	are derived from afms which are copyright by the American
	Mathematical Society, but 'the AMS does require that the
	AMS copyright notice be removed from any derivative versions
	of the fonts which have been altered in any way'.

doc/manual/R-intro.texi

in part

	Copyright (C) 1990 W. N. Venables
	Copyright (C) 1992 W. N. Venables & D. M. Smith
	Copyright (C) 1997 R. Gentleman & R. Ihaka
	Copyright (C) 1997, 1998 M. Maechler

shares/licenses/*

	See the individual files.

share/texmf/bibtex/bst/jss.bst

	Copyright 1994-2005 Patrick W Daly

share/texmf/tex/latex/jss.cls

	Copyright: (C) Achim Zeileis

share/texmf/tex/latex/upquote.sty

	Copyright 2000 Michael A. Covington.
	Copyright 2003 Michael A. Covington, Frank Mittelbach.

src/library/graphics/R/mosaicplot.R

	Original code copyright (C) 1998 John W. Emerson

src/library/graphics/R/pairs.R

	In part, Copyright 1999 Dr. Jens Oehlschlaegel-Akiyoshi

src/library/graphics/R/polygon.R

	Copyright (C) 2001 by Kevin Buhr <buhr@stat.wisc.edu>

src/library/splines/R/splineClasses.R

	Copyright (C) 1998 Douglas M. Bates and William N. Venables.

src/library/datasets/man/austres.Rd
src/library/datasets/man/beavers.Rd
src/library/datasets/man/lh.Rd
src/library/datasets/man/rock.Rd
src/library/datasets/man/UKLungDeaths.Rd
src/library/datasets/man/USAccDeaths.Rd
src/library/stats/R/add.R
src/library/stats/R/bandwidths.R
src/library/stats/R/confint.R
src/library/stats/R/cpgram.R
src/library/stats/R/spectrum.R
src/library/stats/R/vcov.R
src/library/stats/src//bandwidths.c
src/appl/maxcol.c

	Copyright (C) various dates W. N. Venables and B. D. Ripley


src/appl/interv.c : moved to API from code originally in
		    src/library/stats/src/bvalue.f, see
		    src/library/stats/COPYRIGHTS.modreg

src/library/stats:

	See the files src/library/stats/COPYRIGHTS.modreg and
	src/library/stats/COPYRIGHTS.portsrc for further details


src/library/stats/R/diffinv.R
src/library/stats/R/embed.R
src/library/stats/R/kernel.R
src/library/stats/src/PPsum.c

	Copyright (C) 1997-1999	 Adrian Trapletti


src/library/stats/R/nls.R

	In part, Copyright 1999-1999 Saikat DebRoy


src/library/stats/R/nlsFunc.R
src/library/stats/R/selfStart.R
src/library/stats/R/zzModels.R

	Copyright 1997,1999 Jose C. Pinheiro, Douglas M. Bates

src/library/stats/R/runmed.R
src/library/stats/src/Trunmed.c

	In part Copyright (C) 1995 Berwin A. Turlach

src/library/stats/src/loessc.c
src/library/stats/src/loessf.f

	In part Copyright (c) 1989, 1992 by AT&T

src/library/stats/R/spline.R

	In part, Copyright (C) 2002 Simon N. Wood

src/library/tcltk/exec/{hierarchy,util*,widget}.tcl

	Copyright (c) various dates Jeffrey Hobbs


src/modules/X11/rotated.[ch]

	Copyright (c) 1993 Alan Richardson


src/appl/loglin.c
src/library/stats/src/chisqsim.c
src/library/stats/src/nscor.c
src/library/stats/src/prho.c
src/library/stats/src/swilk.c
src/library/stats/src/kmns.f
src/library/stats/src/starma.c
src/nmath/pnbeta.c
src/nmath/pnchisq.c
src/nmath/pnt.c
src/nmath/qbeta.c
src/nmath/qgamma.c
src/nmath/qnorm.c
src/nmath/qtukey.c
  are based in whole or in part on Applied Statistics algorithms
  (C) Royal Statistical Society

src/nmath/stirlerr.c
src/nmath/dbinom.c
src/nmath/dpois.c
  are partly based on Catherine/Clive Loader's (1999) work,
  (C) 1999-2000 Lucent Technologies, Bell Laboratories.


src/main/RNG.c

  The Mersenne-Twister part is
  Copyright (C) 1997, 1999 Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura.


src/main/xspline.c

 * Copyright (c) 1985-1988 by Supoj Sutanthavibul
 * Parts Copyright (c) 1989-2002 by Brian V. Smith
 * Parts Copyright (c) 1991 by Paul King
 * Parts Copyright (c) 1992 by James Tough
 * Parts Copyright (c) 1998 by Georg Stemmer
 * Parts Copyright (c) 1995 by C. Blanc and C. Schlick
  
 * Any party obtaining a copy of these files is granted, free of charge, a
 * full and unrestricted irrevocable, world-wide, paid up, royalty-free,
 * nonexclusive right and license to deal in this software and
 * documentation files (the "Software"), including without limitation the
 * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish and/or distribute copies of
 * the Software, and to permit persons who receive copies from any such 
 * party to do so, with the only requirement being that this copyright 
 * notice remain intact.


src/modules/lapack/dlapack.f, cmplx.f, dlamc.f

  Extracted from
  *  -- LAPACK computational routine (version 3.4.0) --
  *  -- LAPACK is a software package provided by Univ. of Tennessee,    --
  *  -- Univ. of California Berkeley, Univ. of Colorado Denver and NAG Ltd..--
  *     November 2011

  where the version number and date vary by subroutine.

  The LAPACK README says

    It is freely-available software, and is copyrighted.

  but no copyright statements appear in the sources.


src/extra/xdr/*

	Copyright (undated) Sun Microsystems, Inc.

	See the file src/extra/xdr/copyrght.txt


src/extra/zlib/README, *.c, *.h

  Taken from zlib-1.2.7 (C) 1995-2012 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler
  See src/extra/zlib/README for the licence.

src/main/connections.c, src/main/gzio.h

  Contain code derived from the zlib 1.2.3 distribution
  (C) 1995-2005 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler

src/main/dounzip.c, unzip.h

  Contain code Copyright (C) 1998-2010 Gilles Vollant from contrib/minizip
  in the zlib 1.2.3 distribution with updates taken from 1.2.5.


src/extra/pcre/LICENCE
src/extra/pcre/*.[ch]
src/main/valid_utf8.h

   Copyright (c) 1997-2012 University of Cambridge
   All rights reserved.
   Copyright(c) 2009-2012 Zoltan Herczeg

See file src/extra/pcre/LICENCE.  For binary builds of R that requires
us to include

  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

      * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
	this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

      * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
	notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
	documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

      * Neither the name of the University of Cambridge nor the name of Google
	Inc. nor the names of their contributors may be used to endorse or
	promote products derived from this software without specific prior
	written permission.

  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
  AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
  LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
  CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
  SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
  INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
  CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
  ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
  POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.


src/extra/bzip2/LICENSE
src/extra/bzip2/blocksort.c
src/extra/bzip2/bzlib.c
src/extra/bzip2/bzlib.h
src/extra/bzip2/bzlib_private.h
src/extra/bzip2/compress.c
src/extra/bzip2/crctable.c
src/extra/bzip2/decompress.c
src/extra/bzip2/huffman.c
src/extra/bzip2/randtable.c

   copyright (C) 1996-2010 Julian R Seward.


src/extra/tre/LICENSE
src/extra/tre/*.[ch]

Copyright (c) 2001-2009 Ville Laurikari <vl@iki.fi>
All rights reserved.

From tre-0.8.0 (http://laurikari.net/tre/).  See file
src/extra/tre/LICENSE.  For binary builds of R that requires us to
include

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

    * Neither the name of the University of Cambridge nor the name of Google
      Inc. nor the names of their contributors may be used to endorse or
      promote products derived from this software without specific prior
      written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.


src/library/tools/src/md5.[ch]

    Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.


src/extra/intl/*

Based on gettextize from gettext 0.17
   Copyright (C) various dates Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Distributed under the GNU Library General Public License
   version 2 or later.

src/include/memcheck.h
src/include/valgrind.h

From valgrind,

   Copyright (C) 2000-2005 Julian Seward.  All rights reserved.


src/main/mkdtemp.c

From glibc via
http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-gnulib/2003-02/msg00019.html

   Copyright (C) 1999, 2001-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Distributed under the GNU Library General Public License
   version 2 or later.

src/main/Rstrptime.h

   Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Distributed under the GNU Library General Public License
   version 2 or later.

po/*.po
src/library/*/po/*.po

   Some of the translations are (C) the translator as marked in the files.

COPYING
doc/COPYING
doc/COPYING.LIB
m4/codeset.m4
m4/gettext.m4
m4/gettext-lib.m4
share/licenses/GPL-2
share/licenses/GPL-3
share/licenses/LGPL-2
share/licenses/LGPL-2.1
share/licenses/LGPL-3
src/main/strdup.c
tools/config.quess
tools/config.rpath
tools/config.sub
tools/help2man.pl
tools/ltmain.sh
tools/mdate-sh
tools/missing

   Copyright various dates Free Software Foundation


tools/install-sh:

   Copyright (C) 1994 X Consortium


m4/stat-time.m4

From GNU coreutils 8.12
# Copyright (C) 1998-1999, 2001, 2003, 2005-2007, 2009-2011 Free Software
# Foundation, Inc.

# This file is free software; the Free Software Foundation
# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
   

Some of the files in src/appl were originally taken from the Netlib
archive now at www.netlib.org and do not clearly state their
authorship, let alone copyright status.

src/appl/eigen.f is part of EISPACK: it says

'Questions and comments should be directed to Burton S. Garbow' but
the original authors (in ALGOL) appear to be Bowdler, Martin, Parlett,
Peters, Reinsch and Wilkinson

src/appl/{dchdc,dpfa,dpbsl,dpoco,dpodi,dpofa,dposl,dqrdc,
          dqrsl,dsvdc,dtrco,dtrsl}.f 

are part of LINPACK, with authors J.J. Dongarra, Cleve Moler and
G.W. Stewart
