| OPEN(3) | OPEN(3)

NAME

| open, create, close – open a file for reading or writing, create file

SYNOPSIS

`#include <u.h>
#include <libc.h>

` `int open(char *file, int omode)

` `int create(char *file, int omode, ulong perm)

` `int close(int fd)
`

DESCRIPTION

Open opens the file for I/O and returns an associated file descriptor. Omode is one of `OREAD`, `OWRITE`, `ORDWR`, or `OEXEC`, asking for permission to read, write, read and write, or execute, respectively. In addition, there are three values that can be ORed with the omode: `OTRUNC` says to truncate the file to zero length before opening it; `OCEXEC` says to close the file when an exec(3) or execl system call is made; `ORCLOSE` says to remove the file when it is closed (by everyone who has a copy of the file descriptor); and `OAPPEND` says to open the file in append-only mode, so that writes are always appended to the end of the file. Open fails if the file does not exist or the user does not have permission to open it for the requested purpose (see stat(3) for a description of permissions). The user must have write permission on the file if the `OTRUNC` bit is set. For the open system call (unlike the implicit open in exec(3)), `OEXEC` is actually identical to `OREAD`.

Create creates a new file or prepares to rewrite an existing file, opens it according to omode (as described for open), and returns an associated file descriptor. If the file is new, the owner is set to the userid of the creating process group; the group to that of the containing directory; the permissions to perm ANDed with the permissions of the containing directory. If the file already exists, it is truncated to 0 length, and the permissions, owner, and group remain unchanged. The created file is a directory if the `DMDIR` bit is set in perm, an exclusive-use file if the `DMEXCL` bit is set, and an append-only file if the `DMAPPEND` bit is set. Exclusive-use files may be open for I/O by only one client at a time, but the file descriptor may become invalid if no I/O is done for an extended period; see open(9p).

Create fails if the path up to the last element of file cannot be evaluated, if the user doesn’t have write permission in the final directory, if the file already exists and does not permit the access defined by omode, of if there there are no free file descriptors. In the last case, the file may be created even when an error is returned.

Since create may succeed even if the file exists, a special mechanism is necessary for those applications that require an atomic create operation. If the `OEXCL` (`0x1000`) bit is set in the mode for a create, the call succeeds only if the file does not already exist; see open(9p) for details.

Close closes the file associated with a file descriptor. Provided the file descriptor is a valid open descriptor, close is guaranteed to close it; there will be no error. Files are closed automatically upon termination of a process; close allows the file descriptor to be reused.

SOURCE

| `/usr/local/plan9/src/lib9`

SEE ALSO

| intro(3), stat(3)

DIAGNOSTICS

| These functions set errstr.

BUGS

Not all functionality is supported on all systems.

The `DMAPPEND` bit is not supported on any systems.

The implementation of `ORCLOSE` is to unlink the file after opening it, causing problems in programs that try to access the file by name before it is closed.

To avoid name conflicts with the underlying system, open and create are preprocessor macros defined as p9open and p9create; see intro(3).