Cyc Merged
Ontology
E-Mail Comments to: opencyc-doc@cyc.com
Last
Update: 12/13/02
Copyright© 1996-2002. All rights reserved. See Terms of Usage.
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#$NoteOnCycMergedOntologyConstants note
on cyc merged ontology constants
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
This constant represents an important concept in
the SENSUS Ontology developed by ISI, and has been mapped
into the CYC Merged Ontology for the DARPA HPKB Project.
guid: c02ee79d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$SharedNote #$Individual
#$ConventionalClassificationType conventional
classification types
A collection of collections. Each instance of #$ConventionalClassificationType
is a collection that corresponds to a category in some
agreed-upon or conventional classification system (see #$ClassificationSystem)
used by people. In such systems, a change or
reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority,
or by a changed social agreement or custom, without changing
the intrinsic natures of the actual objects in the category.
#$ConventionalClassificationTypes
include categories in biological taxonomy, standard
classifications in data dictionaries and thesauri, cultural
taboo classes, military doctrinal classes, and named
calendar intervals.
guid: bee6da31-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$VariableOrderCollection
#$CollectionType
direct specialization of:
#$Collection
direct generalization of:
#$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured
#$UnitOfMeasureTypeBySystem #$OrganismClassificationType
#$ConventionallyClassifiedDisjointTimeIntervalType #$TimeOfDayType
#$PersonTypeByCulture
#$FoodGroup
#$GarmentTypeByRegionOfBodyCovered
#$SENSUS-Information1997 SENSUS-Information1997
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
SENSUS is a #$KnowledgeBase,
created by the Information Sciences Institute at USC. An
earlier version of it was known as Pangloss, and it was
developed primarily in order to support machine
translation.--OKeefe, Oct 15, 1997
guid: c02822fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$KnowledgeBase
#$Individual
#$RSTRelation Rhetorical
Structure Theory relations
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A set of predicates describing possible relations
between text constituents. These predicates are roughly
adopted from work in Rhetorical Structure Theory (Mann &
Thompson) and the SENSUS ontology (Hovy). Typically, these
relations serve as necessary coherence links between
segments of a text.
guid: c0d508e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$PredicateCategory
direct specialization of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$concessive-RST concessive rst
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when the speaker presents ARG1, and then
ARG2 is a seemingly inconguous statement, but where the
speaker wants ARG1 and ARG2 to be accepted as compatible.
Example: 'You're a good typist, but we've offered the job to
someone else.'.
guid: be3abdeb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$elaboration-RST elaboration rst
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which is an
elaboration of the information described in ARG1.
guid: bfd88463-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$elaborationAttribute-RST elaboration
attribute rst
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The relation of elaboration attribute as used in
Rhetorical Structure Theory.
guid: bdbfb7ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$elaborationGeneralSpecific-RST elaboration
general specific rst
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which is an
elaboration of the information described in ARG1 in the
sense that is gives more specific information about ARG1.
guid: c0257e5a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$elaborationProcessStep-RST elaboration
process step rst
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which is an
elaboration of the information described in ARG1 in the
sense that it is seen as a step in the process of doing ARG1.
guid: bf4ddebe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$background-RST background rst
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which makes
it easier to understand the content of or motivation for ARG1.
guid: bf1b6759-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$identicalInAttribute identical
in attribute
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$identicalInAttribute
THING1 THING2 ATTRIBUTE) means that the two things THING1
and THING2 have the same values of the #$AttributeType
ATTRIBUTE. Here 'the same' means complete identity or very
close resemblance -- what this means, and what the standard
of closeness or identity is, depends on the context, but #$identicalInAttribute
and #$differentInAttribute
cannot both be correctly asserted of the same two things.
See also #$resemblesInAttribute,
and #$differentInAttribute.
guid: c13b28fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ComparisonWRTPredicate
#$TernaryPredicate
#$resemblesInAttribute resembles
in attribute
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$resemblesInAttribute
THING1 THING2 ATTRIBUTE) means that the two things THING1
and THING2 resemble each other in their values of the #$AttributeType
ATTRIBUTE. Here 'resembles' means has a 'close' or similar
value in that attribute -- what this means, and what the
standard of closeness or similarity is, depends on the
context. See also #$identicalInAttribute
and #$differentInAttribute.
guid: bfbb8404-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ComparisonWRTPredicate
#$TernaryPredicate
#$differentInAttribute different
in attribute
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$differentInAttribute
THING1 THING2 ATTRIBUTE) means that the two things THING1
and THING2 do not have the same values of the #$AttributeType
ATTRIBUTE. Here 'the same' could mean complete identity or
close resemblance -- what this 'different' means, and what
the standard of closeness or identity is, depends on the
context, but #$differentInAttribute
and #$identicalInAttribute
cannot both be correctly asserted of the same two things.
See also #$resemblesInAttribute,
and #$identicalInAttribute.
guid: bda14357-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ComparisonWRTPredicate
#$IndividualLevelPredicate #$TernaryPredicate
#$Perceiving-Involuntary involuntary perception
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of mental events, a subcollection of
#$Perceiving.
Each instance of this collection is a perceptual event in
which the agent involuntarily receives senory information.
Thus, if I am in a room, and a light is turned on, I would
see the light reflected off of the walls, but without any
effort on my part. On the other hand, actively searching for
something with my eyes would not be an instance of this collection.
guid: bfc2df3a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$Perceiving
#$Perceiving-Voluntary voluntary perception
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of both #$Perceiving
and #$PurposefulAction.
Each instance of #$Perceiving-Voluntary
is a perceptual event in which the perceiving agent does not
merely passively receive sensory information, but actively
filters or directs how it is perceiving. Thus, searching for
a set of lost keys would be an instance of #$Perceiving-Voluntary,
as would straining to hear something, but merely hearing a
balloon pop next to one would _not_.
guid: be7798b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$PurposefulPhysicalAction #$Perceiving
direct generalization of:
#$Reading #$ListeningDeliberately
#$WatchingSomething
#$LookingForSomething
#$ConventionalClassificationType conventional
classification types
A collection of collections. Each instance of #$ConventionalClassificationType
is a collection that corresponds to a category in some
agreed-upon or conventional classification system (see #$ClassificationSystem)
used by people. In such systems, a change or
reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority,
or by a changed social agreement or custom, without changing
the intrinsic natures of the actual objects in the category.
#$ConventionalClassificationTypes
include categories in biological taxonomy, standard
classifications in data dictionaries and thesauri, cultural
taboo classes, military doctrinal classes, and named
calendar intervals.
guid: bee6da31-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$VariableOrderCollection
#$CollectionType
direct specialization of:
#$Collection
direct generalization of:
#$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured
#$UnitOfMeasureTypeBySystem #$OrganismClassificationType
#$ConventionallyClassifiedDisjointTimeIntervalType #$TimeOfDayType
#$PersonTypeByCulture
#$FoodGroup
#$GarmentTypeByRegionOfBodyCovered
#$ClassificationSystem conventional
classification systems
A specialization of #$AbstractInformationalThing.
Each instance of #$ClassificationSystem
is an agreed-upon or conventional classification system
consisting of several #$ConventionalClassificationTypes
(q.v.). In such a system, a change or reclassification is
possible by a decision of an authority, or by a changed
social agreement, without changing the intrinsic natures of
the actual objects in the classificatory categories. #$ClassificationSystems
include biological taxonomies, standard classifications,
data dictionaries, thesauri, cultural taboo systems,
military doctrinal systems, and calendar systems.
guid: c0d808c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$AbstractInformationalThing #$Artifact-Intangible
direct generalization of:
#$KnowledgeBase
#$above-Generally above
- generally
(#$above-Generally
OBJ1 OBJ2) means that the #$SpatialThing-Localized OBJ1 is
more or less above the #$SpatialThing-Localized OBJ2. To be
more precise: if OBJ1 is within a cone-shaped set of vectors
within about 45 degrees of #$Up-Directly
pointing up from OBJ2 (see #$Up-Generally),
then (#$above-Generally
OBJ1 OBJ2) holds. This is a more general predicate than #$above-Directly
(q.v.), but it is a more specialized predicate than #$above-Higher
(q.v.). It probably most closely conforms to the English
word above.
guid: be69c623-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$SpatialPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
direct specialization of:
#$above-Higher
#$Number-General numbers
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$MathematicalObject
and #$ScalarPointValue.
Each instance of this collection is one of a series of
mathematical objects often denoted by symbols of unique
meaning in a fixed order that can be derived by counting
(even if, in the case of the reals, it is not always defined
which number is directly 'next to' a given number). This is
the most general collection of numbers; specializations
include #$RealNumber, #$ComplexNumber,
#$PrimeNumber, #$Probability,
#$ConcentrationByWeight, and whatever else might count as a
numeric quantity. Note, however, that this collection does
not include transfinite cardinals such as #$Aleph-1 (see the
#$cyclistNotes on
#$Cardinal-Mathematical), nor does it include instances of
#$ScalarInterval
which may be arranged on a comparative spectrum (e.g.
(#$LowAmountFn QUALITY) (#$MediumAmountFn QUALITY),
(#$HighAmountFn QUALITY)) but which cannot receive a
discrete, absolute, quantitative value.
guid: bf1c02f9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ObjectType
direct specialization of: #$Interval-Bounded
direct generalization of:
#$ComplexNumber
#$PositiveNumber
#$IndexicalConcept indexicals
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
#$IndexicalConcepts
are those whose referent essentially depends on the occasion
of use and the user, e.g., #$Now, I, Here. When I use
the word 'I,' I am referring to myself (#$OKeefe), but 'I'
does not mean #$OKeefe, but refers to whomever the user is.
Similarly, #$Now denotes
the moment in which it is used.
guid: bf400028-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$VariableOrderCollection
#$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of:
#$Thing
#$TextString texts
(structured information sources) (mathematical concepts)
A subcollection of #$CharacterString.
Each instance of #$TextString
is a #$CharacterString
that constitutes a meaningful unit (with respect to some
actual language or other #$CommunicationConvention),
at or above the level of a word or multi-character symbol
(such as might be defined in a formal language or #$ComputerProgram-CW).
Thus, `er#q2' is a #$CharacterString
but not (as far as I know) a #$TextString,
whereas the sentence you are now reading is a #$TextString,
as is a paragraph, etc. Note that, as with all #$CharacterStrings,
a #$TextString
is a sequence of abstract symbols, not a tangible
instantiation of it.
guid: bfae4fb7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$CharacterString
direct generalization of:
#$SharedNote
#$NLSentence
#$SpacePoint-Empirical points
in space (things with a location)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A subcollection of #$SpaceRegion-Empirical.
Each instance of #$SpacePoint-Empirical
is a zero-dimensional object that belongs to the embedding
space of the empirical universe of the context. Examples
include the location of the center of mass of the Milky Way
Galaxy at the beginning of the twentieth century. Note that
instances of this collection are embedded in time. If time
is not a significant parameter (if in an atemporal or
temporally agnostic context) consider using #$SpacePoint.
guid: c07d5038-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$GenericShapeType #$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of: #$SpacePoint #$SpaceRegion-Empirical
#$InanimateObject-Natural natural
inanimate objects
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of natural (i.e. not man-made)
objects. It is a subclass of #$InanimateThing-Natural,
distinguished from it mainly by only having subclasses which
are existing object-types. Thus, #$CelestialObject would be
a subclass of this collection, but #$Dirt would not.
guid: bea9777b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$InanimateThing-Natural
direct generalization of:
#$AstronomicalObject
#$SubAtomicParticle
#$InanimateThing-Natural natural
inanimate things
An instance of #$ExistingStuffType,
and a specialization of #$InanimateThing.
Each instance of #$InanimateThing-Natural
is an #$InanimateThing
that was not created by an #$Agent in a #$PurposefulAction.
Thus, the #$MoonOfEarth, human #$Sweat staining a shirt, and
most footprints left by people in the snow belong to this
collection, but wood chips left around a tree being chopped
down, tailings left from a mine, and the #$ArcDeTriomphe do not.
guid: bda91555-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$NaturalTangibleStuff
direct generalization of:
#$InanimateObject-Natural
#$Stream #$Sea #$LandStuff
#$Mineral #$PrecipitationParticle
#$PrecipitationCloud
#$succession-RST succession rst
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when they describe events which are related
to one another by succession.
guid: c08e2032-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$TransitiveBinaryPredicate
#$contrastive-RST contrastive rst
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG1 and ARG2 are presented as being
similar in many ways but contrasting in ways the speaker
wants to point out.
guid: bea0d091-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$SymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$purpose-RST purpose rst
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG1 specifies something which is
initiated with the purpose of achieving ARG2. #$purpose-RST
is agnostic as to volition; see also #$volitionalCause-RST.
guid: bf68331b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$nonVolitionalResult-RST non
volitional result rst
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG1 specifies something which could
be a nonvolitional cause of ARG2.
guid: c1029a4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$nonVolitionalCause-RST non
volitional cause rst
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which could
be a cause of the nonvolitional action described in ARG1.
guid: c08d2a4f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$motivation-RST motivation rst
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which could
motivate the listener to carry out the actions described in ARG1.
guid: be8c8f57-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$means-RST means rst
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG2 specifies a means of carrying out ARG1.
guid: bd63bbe6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$logicalCondition-RST logical
condition rst
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The relation known as logical condition in
Rhetorical Structure Theory.
guid: bfe8cc79-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
#$enablement-RST enablement rst
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The discourse relation that holds between two
segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which could
enable the listener to carry out the actions described in ARG1.
guid: bd91eb29-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
#$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
Copyright© 1996-2002. All rights reserved. See Terms of Usage.