Financial
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Comments to: opencyc-doc@cyc.com
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Update: 4/5/02
Copyright© 1996-2002. All rights reserved. See Terms of Usage.
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Money And Income
#$Money money (quantity)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of amounts of currency or debt, by
which payments, wealth, capital, assets, etc., are measured.
An instance of #$Money may be
considered as either (1) an amount of actual, valuable
tangible goods (such as gold) or (2) a purely abstract
quantity. That is, from one perspective, elements of #$Money represent
the amount of a debt (or credit), while from another
perspective, they represent what is actually transferred to
create or discharge a debt. In either case it is an abstract
thing. Either (a) money is a backed claim for a certain
amount of precious physical wealth payable by the government
on demand (e.g., the gold standard), or (b) money is a
legally enforced means of debt payment without any backing.
In the past, money was created by national governments;
today some currencies like the Euro or the CFA Franc are
created by multi-government entities. Elements of #$Money in Cyc may
be either a fixed amount, such as five U.S. dollars, or a
range, such as `the price of a 1997 Mazda Protege'. See #$UnitOfMoney
for the units used by Cyc to measure instances of #$Money. Note: The
tangible coins, bills, checks, etc., that represent certain
amounts of #$Money (but which
as physical objects may have little value) are elements of
#$TenderObject,
not of #$Money.
Elements of #$TenderObject
which also belong to #$Currency are
typically associated with some instance of #$UnitOfMoney
(e.g., #$Dollar-UnitedStates)
and have a fixed value.
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direct instance of:
#$FundamentalNumericScalarIntervalType
direct specialization of:
#$ScalarInterval
#$MoneyTenderType types
of money tender
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of collections. Each instance of #$MoneyTenderType
is a collection of objects of a type commonly offered in
payment for goods, services, fees, wage-work, and so on.
Notable instances of #$MoneyTenderType
include #$Currency, #$CreditCard,
and #$Check-TenderObject.
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direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of:
#$ExistingObjectType
#$TenderObject items
of legal tender
An instance of #$ExistingObjectType,
and a specialization of #$LiquidAsset.
Each specialization of #$TenderObject
is a type of object widely accepted as a means of payment
for goods and services; instances of #$TenderObject
can thus play the role of #$objectTendered
in instances of #$MoneyTransfer.
Important specializations of #$TenderObject
include #$Currency, #$CreditCard,
and #$Check-TenderObject.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$HumanAccessibleIBO #$LiquidAsset
direct generalization of:
#$FinancialAccountTenderObject
#$Currency
#$PrepaidTelephoneCard #$BankDebitCard
#$CreditCard
#$Check-TenderObject
#$Currency items of currency
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$TenderObject.
Each instance of #$Currency is a
physical object generally accepted as legal tender, and used
as a means of transferring a quantity of #$Money (q.v.)
between some instances of #$Agent. Instances of #$Currency may be
coins, items of precious metal, paper bills for which
precious objects are payable by a government to the bearer
on demand, or unbacked paper bills required by a government
to be accepted for payment of debts. Instances of #$Currency are
typically backed by and issued by national governments.
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direct instance of:
#$MoneyTenderType
direct specialization of:
#$TenderObject #$PortableObject
#$Dollar-UnitedStates US Dollar
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
An instance of #$UnitOfMoney.
#$Dollar-UnitedStates
is the main standard monetary unit of the United States of
America. When applied to a real number or a sequence of two
real numbers, #$Dollar-UnitedStates
returns an instance of #$Money; for
example, (#$Dollar-UnitedStates
10) is 10 U.S. dollars. One #$Dollar-UnitedStates
is equivalent to 100 #$Cent-UnitedStates (q.v.).
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direct instance of:
#$UnitOfMoney
#$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix
#$StandardUnitOfMeasure
#$Individual
#$Cent-UnitedStates cents
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
An instance of #$UnitOfMoney.
#$Cent-UnitedStates
is the smallest unit of money used officially in the United
States of America; it is one-hundredth of a #$Dollar-UnitedStates (q.v.).
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direct instance of:
#$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix
#$UnitOfMoney
#$Individual
#$FinancialAccountTenderObject financial
account tender object
A specialization of #$TenderObject.
Each instance of #$FinancialAccountTenderObject
is an object (e.g., a check or a credit card) that serves as
a means for offering payment in funds drawn on an associated
instance of #$FinancialAccount.
The liquidity of an instance of #$FinancialAccountTenderObject
depends on the status of the associated financial account
(see the predicates #$accountBalance
and #$accountStatus).
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$TenderObject
direct generalization of:
#$Check-TenderObject
#$CreditCard
#$moneyTransferMode money
transfer mode
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$moneyTransferMode
TRANSACTION TYPE) means that in some particular money
transfer TRANSACTION, the #$MoneyTenderType
used in that transaction was TYPE, e.g., #$CreditCard,
#$Check-TenderObject, etc.
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direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
#$Check-TenderObject checks
(identification cards)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$TenderObject.
Each instance of #$Check-TenderObject
is a financial instrument, drawn on a particular account at
some instance of #$FinancialOrganization
(q.v.), which is redeemable for a monetary value by the
agent who is the payee. The financial organization pays the
payee funds from the account, upon proper presentation of
the check.
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direct instance of:
#$MoneyTenderType
direct specialization of:
#$FinancialAccountTenderObject #$Form-StandardizedIBO #$IDDocument #$PaperIBT
direct generalization of: #$PersonalCheck
#$SaleByCheck sales
by check
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
Sales in which the payment tendered is a check.
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Buying
#$CreditCard credit cards
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of both #$Card and #$TenderObject.
Each instance of #$CreditCard is
a piece of plastic that enables authorized users to spend
the card-issuing company's money, drawn as a (usually
unsecured) loan through an associated instance of
#$CreditCardAccount (q.v.) under a pre-arranged credit
agreement. The credit card company credits the vendor of the
purchased goods or services and bills the card user, usually
with interest.
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direct instance of:
#$MoneyTenderType
direct specialization of:
#$FinancialAccountTenderObject #$Plastic #$FreeSheet #$Card #$IDDocument
#$SaleByCreditCard credit
card sales
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$Buying. Each
instance of #$SaleByCreditCard
is a purchase in which the buyer (see the predicate #$buyer) pays by
using some instance of #$CreditCard (q.v.).
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Buying
#$LiquidAsset liquid assets
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$SomethingExisting.
Each instance of #$LiquidAsset
is either an instance of #$Currency or
some asset that is readily convertible to currency by
selling or borrowing against it. Examples of #$LiquidAssets
include stocks, bonds, and money market accounts.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$SomethingExisting
direct generalization of:
#$TenderObject
#$MonetaryFlowRate monetary
flow rate
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$Rate. Each instance
of #$MonetaryFlowRate
is an amount of money taken with respect to some unit of
time. Instances of #$MonetaryFlowRate
include rates at which money is earned, spent, transferred,
lost, and invested. An example instance of #$MonetaryFlowRate
is (#$DollarsPerHour
10), $10 dollars per hour.
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direct instance of:
#$MeasurableScalarIntervalType
direct specialization of:
#$MoneyRate
#$MoneyRate money rates
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$Rate. Each instance
of #$MoneyRate is
an amount of #$Money (q.v.) taken
with respect to an amount of some other quantity: e.g.,
$1.14 per gallon, $10,000 per acre, $250 per week, and $0.89
per pound. Notable specializations of #$MoneyRate
include #$MoneyPerVolumeRate, #$MoneyPerAreaRate,
#$MoneyPerMassRate, and #$MonetaryFlowRate.
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direct instance of:
#$MeasurableScalarIntervalType
direct specialization of:
#$Rate
direct generalization of:
#$MonetaryFlowRate
#$DollarsPerHour dollars
per hour
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
An instance of #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate.
When applied to a single number (or pair of numbers), #$DollarsPerHour
returns a single value (or an interval of values) measuring
the rate at which money is earned, spent, or otherwise transferred.
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direct instance of:
#$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix
#$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate
#$Individual
#$DollarsPerYear dollar
per year
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
An instance of #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate.
When applied to a real number REAL (or a sequence of two
real numbers INTERVAL), #$DollarsPerYear
returns a #$MonetaryFlowRate
of REAL #$Dollar-UnitedStates
per year (respectively, INTERVAL #$Dollar-UnitedStates
per year.
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direct instance of:
#$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix
#$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate
#$Individual
#$income income
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$income is used to
state the income of a person or other agent. (#$income AGT RATE)
means that the #$Agent AGT has the
income RATE, where RATE is a #$MonetaryFlowRate,
e.g., a number of #$DollarsPerHour
or #$DollarsPerYear.
See #$MonetaryFlowRate.
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direct instance of:
#$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
#$approximatePay salary
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$approximatePay
is used to estimate a typical amount of pay offered to
workers in a specific occupation. (#$approximatePay
JOBTYPE RATE) means that a person working in the #$PersonTypeByOccupation
JOBTYPE makes approximately the #$MonetaryFlowRate
RATE, as earned income. RATE might be expressed in, e.g., #$DollarsPerHour,
pounds-per-week, or yen-per-year. RATE refers to average pay
for the occupation JOBTYPE, excluding any unearned pay (such
as matching 401K contributions) and the value of other
employee benefits.
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direct instance of:
#$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
Commercial Organizations And Accounts
#$CommercialServiceOrganization service companies
A specialization of #$CommercialOrganization.
Each instance of #$CommercialServiceOrganization
is a commercial organization which sells some service(s),
rather than tangible goods, as its main product. Some
tangible goods may accompany or supplement the main service
sold, but only as side products; for example, some instances
of #$HairSalon sell hair care products.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$CommercialOrganization #$ServiceOrganization
direct generalization of: #$FinancialCompany #$AirlineCompany
#$Pharmacy
#$FoodServiceOrganization
#$ServiceEstablishment
#$ConstructionCompany
#$ServiceOrganization service organizations
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$Organization.
Each instance of #$ServiceOrganization
is an organization whose main function is to provide some
service or services. A service organization may be a
subsidiary or department in some larger organization, or an
independent organization. A service organization may or may
not be a for-profit organization; for-profit service
organizations are instances of the subcollection #$CommercialServiceOrganization
(q.v.). Notable specializations of #$ServiceOrganization
include #$MedicalCareOrganization,
#$ShippingOrganization,
and #$Restaurant-Organization.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
#$OrganizationByActivityType
direct specialization of:
#$Organization
direct generalization of:
#$ShippingOrganization
#$ContactPointSubOrganization
#$TransportationCompany
#$MedicalCareOrganization
#$InsuranceProvider
#$CommercialServiceOrganization
#$ServiceEstablishment commercial
service establishments
A specialization of both #$CommercialServiceOrganization
and #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients.
Each instance of #$ServiceEstablishment
is a local, commercial service organization with a single
physical location. Notable specializations of #$ServiceEstablishment
include #$Restaurant-Organization
and #$Bar-DrinkingEstablishment.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Business #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients #$CommercialServiceOrganization
direct generalization of:
#$RetailStore
#$Restaurant-Organization
#$FinancialOrganization financial organizations
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all #$Organizations
that are primarily or significantly engaged in the
#$FinancialIndustry or whose activities focus on that
industry. Instances of both #$CommercialServiceOrganizations
(e.g., banks and brokerage houses) and #$NonProfitOrganizations
(e.g., #$InternationalMonetaryFund) may be instances of #$FinancialOrganization.
Specializations of #$FinancialOrganization
include #$BankCompany,
#$FinancialExchange, and #$InvestmentOrganization.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
#$OrganizationByIndustry
direct specialization of:
#$Organization
direct generalization of: #$FinancialCompany
#$SellingOrganization selling organizations
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$Organization.
Each instance of #$SellingOrganization
is an organization whose main function is to sell things by
conducting sales activities. Notable specializations of #$SellingOrganization
include #$SalesDepartment, #$AdvertisingAgency, and #$RetailOrganization.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
#$OrganizationByActivityType
direct specialization of: #$Vendor #$Organization
direct generalization of:
#$RetailOrganization
#$RetailOrganization retail organizations
A collection of organizations. Each instance of #$RetailOrganization
is an organization that engages primarily in selling goods
or services to end-users or consumers, rather than to
wholesale customers. Specializations of #$RetailOrganization
include the collections #$RetailStore
and #$AutoDealership.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$SellingOrganization
direct generalization of:
#$RetailStore
#$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients local
customer contact points
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of both #$SingleSiteOrganization
and #$LocalOrganization.
Each instance of #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients
is a single-site organization serving customers in a local
area, working from a particular store, office, or other
physical quarters where customers (or their agents) go in
person to speak with company representatives about the
services or products offered. Instances of #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients
may be either stand-alone organizations or sub-organization
of a larger company. Notable specializations
of#$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients include #$Pharmacy,
#$AutoDealership,
and #$Hospital.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$ContactPointSubOrganization #$LocalOrganization #$SingleSiteOrganization
direct generalization of: #$VeterinaryHospital #$Pharmacy
#$Hospital #$ProfessionalOffice
#$ServiceEstablishment
#$AccountType types
of account
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of collections. Each instance of #$AccountType
is a collection of financial accounts of some type.
Instances of #$AccountType
include #$SavingsAccount, #$CreditCardAccount,
#$RetirementAccount, #$SocialSecurityAccount, and #$TravelExpenseAccount.
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direct instance of:
#$SiblingDisjointCollection
#$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of:
#$ExistingObjectType
#$Account accounts (agreements)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of objects; a subcollection of #$LegalAgreement.
Each instance of #$Account is a
recorded obligation (of some particular type) between
specified parties, consisting of `funds' which typically can
be added to and drawn upon. Examples include instances of
#$RetirementAccount, #$TravelExpenseAccount, and of the many
types of #$FinancialAccount
. Note that the contents of an account need not be monetary;
for example, the contents may be amounts of time, as in the
subcollections #$VacationAccount or #$SickLeaveAccount. #$Account does NOT
include debt obligations of fixed face value that cannot be
increased or reduced (such as a bond).
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direct instance of:
#$AccountType
direct specialization of:
#$AuthorizedAgreement #$LegalAgreement
direct generalization of:
#$FinancialAccount
#$FinancialAccount financial accounts
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$Account. Each
instance of #$FinancialAccount
is an account which is denominated in units of #$Money (q.v.).
Specializations of #$FinancialAccount
include #$BankAccount, #$CreditCardAccount, and #$VendorAccount.
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direct instance of:
#$AccountType
direct specialization of:
#$Account
#$accountStatus account
status (attribute predicate)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$accountStatus
indicates whether a particular account is paid up, overdue,
delinquent, etc. (#$accountStatus
ACCT STATUS) means that the #$Account ACCT has
the attribute STATUS (see also #$AccountStatusAttribute).
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direct instance of: #$BinaryAttributePredicate
direct specialization of:
#$hasAttributes
#$AccountStatusAttribute account statuses
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$AttributeValue.
Each instance of #$AccountStatusAttribute
is an obligational status of some instance of #$Account.
Instances of #$AccountStatusAttribute
include #$PaidInFull, #$InComplianceWithPaymentSchedule,
#$PaymentOverdue, and #$AccountInactive.
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direct instance of:
#$SiblingDisjointAttributeType
direct specialization of:
#$AttributeValue
#$accountAdministrator account administrator
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$accountAdministrator
identifies the agent who administers a particular account.
(#$accountAdministrator
ACCT AGENT) means that the #$Account ACCT is
administered by the individual or organization AGENT.
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direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
direct specialization of:
#$temporallyIntersects
#$accountHolder account holder
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$accountHolder
identifies the holder of a particular account. (#$accountHolder
ACCT AGENT) means that the #$Account ACCT is
held by the individual or organization AGENT; thus, money
(or some other valuable) is owed to or from AGENT, in the
amount shown in the account (see #$accountBalance).
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direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
#$accountBalance balance
(interval based quantity slot)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$accountBalance
is used to indicate the balance of a particular account. (#$accountBalance
ACCT BAL) means that the #$FinancialAccount
ACCT has the balance BAL; BAL is the amount of #$Money either owed
by, or available to, the #$accountHolder
(depending upon the type of account).
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direct instance of:
#$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
Commercial Activities
#$ServiceEvent services (helped)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$HelpingAnAgent. Each instance
of #$ServiceEvent
is an event in which one or more agents (related to the
event via the predicate #$providerOfService)
do something for one or more other agents (related to the
event via the predicate #$recipientOfService).
A service event may involve maintenance, repair, or
refurbishing of some object belonging to the recipient(s) of
the service (including care of his/her person), or it may
involve gathering or transmitting information, providing
advice, entertainment, transportation, etc. to the
recipient(s). Service events may or may not be done for payment.
guid: bd58de46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$ProductByGenericType
direct specialization of: #$Product #$HelpingAnAgent
direct generalization of:
#$Renting #$Constructing
#$ServingFoodOrDrink
#$PreparingFoodOrDrink
#$EntertainmentPerformance
#$EntertainmentEvent
#$Teaching #$MedicalCareEvent
#$MedicalTreatmentEvent
#$DeliveringSomeoneSomething
#$BusinessEvent business events
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. Each instance of #$BusinessEvent
is an intentional occurrence that is closely associated
with, and either helps or hinders, the business purpose of
some agent. Examples include: the development of General
Motors' business plan for 1996; an individual sales call on
a particular customer; printing the 1996 Yellow Pages
directory for the Austin, TX, area; selling a newspaper;
designing and manufacturing a new memory chip. #$BusinessEvent
does NOT include purely social or recreational occurrences.
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$SocialOccurrence
direct generalization of:
#$BusinessRelationshipActivity
#$Advertising #$SalesActivity
#$SalesActivity sales activities
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. Each instance of #$SalesActivity
is an event which the performing agent does in an effort to
achieve a subsequent sale to a second agent. Types (i.e.,
subcollections) of #$SalesActivity
include #$Advertising, telemarketing, showing sample and/or
actual products to customers in a show room or a store.
Instances of #$SalesActivity
which are successful lead to corresponding instances of #$Buying. Note: #$SalesActivity
does NOT include manufacturing, accounting, and other such
ancillary business activities.
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$CommercialActivity #$BusinessEvent
direct generalization of: #$MarketingActivity
#$BuyingActivity buying activities
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. #$BuyingActivity
very generally includes events related to purchasing goods
or services. Each instance of #$BuyingActivity
is an event that is either (i) a common prelude to buying
(i.e., the kinds of activities that contribute to their
doers becoming buyers), or (ii) an instance of #$Buying itself.
Examples of #$BuyingActivity
include shopping for, or ordering, something very specific,
and also general expressions of interest in purchasing
something, such as placing an `Item Wanted' ad in a newspaper.
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of: #$SelectingSomething #$CommercialActivity
direct generalization of:
#$Buying
#$Buying orders (money transactions)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. Each instance of #$Buying is an
event in which an agent voluntarily pays to acquire
something tangible or intangible, or for the performance of
a service, which another agent sells in the event. Payment
may be in money or other exchange of assets. Instances of #$Buying may
include #$subEvents
of negotiation, the act of paying, and the transfer of the
purchased thing to the buyer. Examples of #$Buying include:
purchasing fighter jets for the Navy; buying a Pepsi from a
vending machine; ordering dinner at a restaurant; acquiring
a personal life insurance policy for oneself; mail-ordering
clothes from Sears; shopping at a farmers' market.
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights #$BuyingActivity
direct generalization of:
#$SaleByCheck
#$SaleByCreditCard
#$Renting renting events
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of both #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights
and #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights.
Each instance of #$Renting is an
event during which one agent grants to another agent the use
of an object (owned or controlled by the first agent) for a
period of time, in exchange for some remuneration. The
schedule of payment may vary, depending upon the rental
period, type of object involved, type of usage granted,
and/or other considerations. The agent providing the object
to rent is related to the instance of #$Renting by the
predicate #$fromPossessor
(q.v.); the agent paying to use the object is related to the
instance of #$Renting by the
predicate #$toPossessor
(q.v.). Those agents enter into an #$Agreement
(q.v.). Examples of #$Renting might
include: Fred renting a particular apartment last year; Jane
renting a car all this week; Jack renting a canoe on
Saturday morning.
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direct instance of:
#$AccessingScriptType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$ServiceEvent #$MakingSomethingAvailable #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights
#$Paying payments
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of#$MoneyTransaction. Each
instance of #$Paying is an
event in which one agent (the payer, who is related to the
event via the predicate #$payer) pays money to another agent
(the payee, who is related to the event via the predicate #$toPossessor).
In each instance of #$Paying, the payer
gives the payee full use rights (see the constant #$FullUseRights)
to the money transferred to the payee. Instances of #$Paying include
the following: (1) all instances of #$Buying (q.v.) and
#$Renting
(q.v.) contain (at least one) sub-event which is an instance
of #$Paying; (2)
making charitable contributions; (3) paying off one's
gambling debts; (4) paying an employee's salary or a child's
allowance. Writing a check or offering a credit card in
payment are sub-events of paying events; such payings are
successful only if the check is not lost or stolen, if it
clears the bank, and so on. On the other hand, filling out a
pledge card (e.g., for United Way) is _not_ considered an
instance of #$Paying, or even a
sub-event of an instance of #$Paying, because
it does not involve or initiate any legal reassignment of
rights to the money.
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$TransferringOwnership #$MoneyTransaction
#$MoneyTransaction money transactions
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of both #$CommercialActivity and
#$MoneyTransfer.
Each instance of #$MoneyTransaction
is an event in which a transfer of money occurs, and the
transfer is done in exchange for something else, according
to some (implicit or explicit) agreement. Thus, buying
something, investing, making a donation, executing a
bequest, and exchanging currency are all examples of #$MoneyTransaction events.
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$CommercialActivity #$MoneyTransfer
direct generalization of:
#$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights
#$Paying
#$ContractNegotiation contract negotiations
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of negotiations intended to lead to
the formation of a contract between the participants (or the
parties they represent in the negotiations).
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of: #$Negotiating #$PurposefulAction
#$AuthorizedAgreement authorized agreements
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of generic agreements that are
authorized by one of the agreeing parties (typically by the
issuer of the document embodying the agreement). #$AuthorizedAgreements
are generic in the sense that their authorizing agents are
party to many similar agreements; for that reason, an #$AuthorizedAgreement
is typically given a unique identification number. Examples:
bank accounts, driver's licenses, stock certificates.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Agreement
direct generalization of:
#$Stock #$Account #$Warranty
#$PurchaseRequisitionDocument purchase
requisition forms
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of documents. Each element of #$PurchaseRequisitionDocument
is a text document sent within an organization, to a
purchasing agent, in order to request that the organization
purchase some particular item(s). Such a document may
require authorization by the requestor's superior before it
is recognized as a legitimate request.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Form-StandardizedIBO
#$basicPrice price
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$basicPrice
indicates the price of a particular item. (#$basicPrice
THING MONEY) means that the object or service, THING, has
the basic price MONEY. (MONEY can be an interval
representing a range of prices.) This predicate can be used
to indicate the price of a particular chunk of stuff too.
Note that #$basicPrice
refers to the `ticket price' of an item when it is actually
bought or offered for sale; #$basicPrice
does NOT refer to appraised value (where that differs from
an actual selling price). Since prices are time-sensitive,
assertions about #$basicPrice
should be suitably qualified. For example, the price of a
fast-food #$HamburgerSandwich in 1996 is a magnitude greater
than what it was in 1965. For the total charge for purchase
of an object, including tax, shipping, handling, etc., use
#$totalCharge (q.v.).
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direct instance of:
#$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
#$costPerQuantity cost
per quantity
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$costPerQuantity
gives the price for a measured amount of some type of stuff.
(#$costPerQuantity
STUFF UNITS QUANTITY PRICE) means that this kind of STUFF
costs PRICE for each QUANTITY of UNITS. For example, #$Milk,
as measured by volume (i.e., by the predicate #$volumeOfObject),
costs about US $3 per gallon.
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direct instance of: #$QuaternaryPredicate
#$totalCharge price
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$totalCharge
is used to relate a buying event (that is, an instance of #$Buying) to the
total amount of money charged to the buyer in that event. (#$totalCharge
BUYING MONEY) means that the sum total charge for all goods,
services, #$salesTax and other taxes, shipping and handling,
delivery charges, discounts, etc., in the #$Buying event
BUYING is the amount MONEY.
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direct instance of:
#$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
direct specialization of:
#$moneyTransferred
#$Bill-PaymentRequest bills
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$TextualMaterial.
Each instance of #$Bill-PaymentRequest
is a notification, demand, or request made by a creditor (or
its agent) to a debtor, for payment of a debt previously
incurred for some loan, goods, or services. Instances of #$Bill-PaymentRequest
include telephone bills, tax bills, department store bills,
cleaning bills, and fuel bills.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$TextualMaterial
#$Bill-PaymentRequest-PIT bill
payment request pit
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of abstract (informational) objects; a
subset of #$TextMicrotheory.
Each element of #$Bill-PaymentRequest-PIT
is a formal request for payment (for products or services);
the informational content of a #$Bill-PaymentRequest.
Typically, this information includes the name and address of
the billing agent; the name, address, account number (if
there is one) of the debtor; the amount owed and
where/how/when to remit it.
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direct instance of:
#$MicrotheoryType
#$ObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$TextMicrotheory
#$seller seller
The predicate #$seller relates an
agent to an event in which some item is sold. (#$seller EXCHANGE
AGENT) means that the #$Agent AGENT sells
something in the #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights EXCHANGE.
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direct instance of: #$AgentiveRole
direct specialization of:
#$exchangers
#$sellsProductType Retail
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
This predicate relates an agent to a specific type
of product s/he sells. (#$sellsProductType
AGENT PRODTYPE) means that AGENT sells PRODTYPE. For
example, the Wendy's in the UT Student Union sells
hamburgers. The implication is AGENT typically and often
sells products of PRODTYPE. See also #$ProductProviderFn-Seller.
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direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
direct specialization of: #$conceptuallyRelated #$knowsAbout
#$amountOfSalesByToDuring amount
of sales by to during
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$amountOfSalesByToDuring
is used to indicate how much of a certain product was sold
by a particular seller to a particular buyer. (#$amountOfSalesByToDuring
SELLER BUYER TIMEPD PRODTYPE REVENUE) means that, during the
#$TimeInterval
TIMEPD, SELLER (an #$Agent) sold to BUYER
(another #$Agent)
some amount of the #$ProductType PRODTYPE, worth the total
amount of #$Money
REVENUE. For example, to say that a restaurant,
#$Threadgills, sold $3000 worth of their pumpkin pies to a
local grocery store in November, we would say: (#$amountOfSalesByToDuring
#$Threadgills HEBAt2222 (#$MonthFn #$November
(#$YearFn 1996))
#$PumpkinPie (#$Dollar-UnitedStates 3000)).
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direct instance of: #$QuintaryPredicate #$FunctionalPredicate
#$buyer buyer
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$buyer relates an
agent to a business activity. (#$buyer EVENT
AGENT) means that the #$Agent AGENT purchases
the goods for sale in the #$CommercialActivity EVENT. The #$buyer may purchase
the goods or services directly or through an agent. See also
and compare: #$buyingPerformer, #$buyingAgent.
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direct instance of: #$AgentiveRole
direct specialization of:
#$exchangers
#$rents rents
(asymmetric binary predicate)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$rents relates an
agent to something that s/he is renting. (#$rents AGT OBJ)
means that the #$Agent AGT is renting
the object (possibly a piece of real estate) OBJ from
another, unspecified agent. AGT is the borrower, renter,
lessee or tenant. AGT has temporary use and enjoyment of
OBJ, for a charge. See also #$TemporaryUserRightsAgreement,
#$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights,
#$Renting.
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direct instance of: #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate #$CotemporalObjectsSlot
#$objectOfPossessionTransfer thing
changing possession
#$objectOfPossessionTransfer
relates an event (more specifically, an instance of #$ChangeInUserRights)
to an object (an instance of #$SomethingExisting)
the user rights to which are transferred during that event.
(#$objectOfPossessionTransfer
EVENT OBJECT) means that in EVENT, all or some rights to use
OBJECT are transferred from one agent (the #$fromPossessor)
to another (the #$toPossessor).
Since EVENT is an instance of #$ChangeInUserRights,
it could be (among other things) a buying, renting, lending,
or repossessing.
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direct instance of: #$ActorUseTypeSlot
direct specialization of:
#$transferredThing
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