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m@.v"0 Improved | initial writing: 2003-05-01 last updated: 2004-10-26

If the verbs`f0` , ... ,`fn` are atomic, the monads`f0`...`fn@.v"0` (and`f0`...`fn@.v` if`v` is rank 0) are now implemented by special code, resulting in time/space savings.

A verb`f` is atomic if`f = f"0` ,`` and the shape of the result of`f` is the shape of one of its arguments or the result of`f` is an atom. Many primitive verbs are atomic:`+ - * % ^ ^.` etc. Constant verbs with rank 0 results are atomic. If`f` ,`g` , and`h` are atomic then so are their compositions`f&g f&:g (f g) (f g h) ([: f g)` etc; and moreover if`a` is an atom then`a&f` and`f&a` are atomic. Finally,`m H. n` and`x&p.` where`x` is an atom or a list, are atomic.

The following example of the normal N(0,1) cumulative distribution function is by J.E.H Shaw of the University of Warwick.

    NB.* n01pdf v    probability density function for N(0,1)
    NB.* erf v       error function
    NB.* n01cdfh v   cumulative distribution function for N(0,1) using H.
    NB.* n01cdfr v   ratio used for CDF in tails of N(0,1)
    NB.* n01cdfn v   more accurate than n01cdfh in lower tail (say y. < _6)
    NB.* n01cdfp v   more accurate than n01cdfh in upper tail (say y. > 6)
    NB.* n01cdf v    N(0,1) cdf

    n01pdf =: ([: ^ _0.5"_ * *:) % (%: 2p1)"_
    erf    =: (*&(%:4p_1) % ^@:*:) * [: 1 H. 1.5 *:
    n01cdfh=: [: -: 1: + [: erf %&(%:2)
    n01cdfr=: n01pdf % ] + 1: % ] + 2: % ] + 3: % ] + 4: % ] + 4.5&%
    n01cdfn=: [: - n01cdfr
    n01cdfp=: 1: - n01cdfr
    n01cdf =: n01cdfn`n01cdfh`n01cdfp @. (>&_6 + >&6) " 0

       ts=: 6!:2 , 7!:2@]   NB. time and space

       x=: _10 + 0.01 * ?. 10 10 100 $ 1000

       ts 'n01cdf x'        NB. J 5.02
    0.0665599 1.46003e6

       ts 'n01cdf x'        NB. J 5.01
    0.672347 1.2306e7

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