### 2.12.13 Normal form : `normal`

`normal` takes as argument an expression. The expression is considered as a rational fraction with respect to generalized identifiers (either true identifiers or transcendental functions replaced by a temporary identifiers) with coefficients in ℚ or ℚ[i] or in an algebraic extension (e.g. ℚ[√2]). `normal` returns the expanded irreducible representation of this rational fraction. See also `ratnormal` for pure rational fractions or `simplify` if the transcendental functions are not algebraically independant.
Input :

`normal((x-1)*(x+1))`

Output :

`x```^```2-1`

Remarks

- Unlike `simplify`, `normal` does not try to find algebraic relations between transcendental functions like cos(x)2+sin(x)2=1.
- It is sometimes necessary to run the `normal` command twice to get a fully irreducible representation of an expression containing algebraic extensions.