The following are tips for getting your host to be able to connect over the modem to another computer. This is appropriate for establishing a terminal session with a remote host.
This is useful to log onto a BBS.
This kind of connection can be extremely helpful to get a file on the Internet if you have problems with PPP. If you need to FTP something and PPP is broken, use the terminal session to FTP it. Then use zmodem to transfer it to your machine.
Actually, the manual page for tip
is out of date.
There is a generic Hayes dialer already built in. Just use
at=hayes
in your /etc/remote
file.
The Hayes driver is not smart enough to recognize some of the
advanced features of newer modems—messages like
BUSY
, NO DIALTONE
, or
CONNECT 115200
will just confuse it. You should
turn those messages off when you use tip
(using
ATX0&W
).
Also, the dial timeout for tip
is 60 seconds.
Your modem should use something less, or else tip will think there is
a communication problem. Try ATS7=45&W
.
As shipped, tip
does not yet support
Hayes modems fully. The solution is to edit the file
tipconf.h
in the directory
/usr/src/usr.bin/tip/tip
. Obviously you need the
source distribution to do this.
Edit the line #define HAYES 0
to
#define HAYES 1
. Then make
and
make install
. Everything works nicely after
that.
Make what is called a „direct” entry in your
/etc/remote
file. For example, if your modem is
hooked up to the first serial port, /dev/cuad0
,
then put in the following line:
cuad0:dv=/dev/cuad0:br#19200:pa=none
Use the highest bps rate your modem supports in the br capability.
Then, type tip cuad0
and you will be connected to
your modem.
Or use cu
as root
with the
following command:
#
cu -lline -sspeed
line
is the serial port
(e.g./dev/cuad0
) and
speed
is the speed
(e.g.57600
). When you are done entering the AT
commands hit ~. to exit.
The @
sign in the phone number capability tells
tip to look in /etc/phones
for a phone number.
But the @
sign is also a special character in
capability files like /etc/remote
. Escape it
with a backslash:
pn=\@
Put what is called a „generic” entry in your
/etc/remote
file. For example:
tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\ :dv=/dev/cuad0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du: tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\ :dv=/dev/cuad0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
Then you can do things like:
#
tip -115200 5551234
If you prefer cu
over tip
,
use a generic cu
entry:
cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\ :dv=/dev/cuad1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
and type:
#
cu 5551234 -s 115200
Put in an entry for tip1200
or
cu1200
, but go ahead and use whatever bps rate is
appropriate with the br capability. tip
thinks a
good default is 1200 bps which is why it looks for a
tip1200
entry. You do not have to use 1200 bps,
though.
Rather than waiting until you are connected and typing
CONNECT <host>
each time, use tip's
cm
capability. For example, these entries in
/etc/remote
:
pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\ :cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13: muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\ :cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13: deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\ :dv=/dev/cuad2:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234:
will let you type tip pain
or tip
muffin
to connect to the hosts pain or muffin, and
tip deep13
to get to the terminal server.
This is often a problem where a university has several modem lines and several thousand students trying to use them.
Make an entry for your university in
/etc/remote
and use @
for the
pn
capability:
big-university:\ :pn=\@:tc=dialout dialout:\ :dv=/dev/cuad3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none:
Then, list the phone numbers for the university in
/etc/phones
:
big-university 5551111 big-university 5551112 big-university 5551113 big-university 5551114
tip
will try each one in the listed order, then
give up. If you want to keep retrying, run tip
in
a while loop.
Ctrl+P is the default „force” character, used to tell
tip
that the next character is literal data. You
can set the force character to any other character with the
~s
escape, which means „set a
variable.”
Type
~sforce=single-char
followed by a newline. single-char
is any
single character. If you leave out
single-char
, then the force character is
the nul character, which you can get by typing
Ctrl+2
or
Ctrl+Space.
A pretty good value for single-char
is
Shift+Ctrl+6, which is only used on some terminal
servers.
You can have the force character be whatever you want by
specifying the following in your $HOME/.tiprc
file:
force=<single-char>
You must have pressed
Ctrl+A, tip
's
„raise character,” specially designed for people with
broken caps-lock keys. Use ~s
as above and set the
variable raisechar
to something reasonable. In
fact, you can set it to the same as the force character, if you never
expect to use either of these features.
Here is a sample .tiprc file perfect for Emacs users who need to type Ctrl+2 and Ctrl+A a lot:
force=^^ raisechar=^^
The ^^ is Shift+Ctrl+6.
If you are talking to another UNIX® system, you can send and
receive files with ~p
(put) and
~t
(take). These commands run
cat
and echo
on the remote
system to accept and send files. The syntax is:
~p
local-file [remote-file]
~t
remote-file [local-file]
There is no error checking, so you probably should use another protocol, like zmodem.
All FreeBSD documents are available for download at http://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/
Questions that are not answered by the
documentation may be
sent to <freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org>.
Send questions about this document to <freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org>.