The Bugzilla Guide - 3.6.13 Release

The Bugzilla Team

   2013-02-19

   This is the documentation for Bugzilla, a bug-tracking system from
   mozilla.org. Bugzilla is an enterprise-class piece of software that
   tracks millions of bugs and issues for hundreds of organizations around
   the world.

   The most current version of this document can always be found on the
   Bugzilla Documentation Page.
     __________________________________________________________________

   Table of Contents
   1. About This Guide

        1.1. Copyright Information
        1.2. Disclaimer
        1.3. New Versions
        1.4. Credits
        1.5. Document Conventions

   2. Installing Bugzilla

        2.1. Installation
        2.2. Configuration
        2.3. Optional Additional Configuration
        2.4. Multiple Bugzilla databases with a single installation
        2.5. OS-Specific Installation Notes
        2.6. UNIX (non-root) Installation Notes
        2.7. Upgrading to New Releases

   3. Administering Bugzilla

        3.1. Bugzilla Configuration
        3.2. User Administration
        3.3. Classifications
        3.4. Products
        3.5. Components
        3.6. Versions
        3.7. Milestones
        3.8. Flags
        3.9. Keywords
        3.10. Custom Fields
        3.11. Legal Values
        3.12. Bug Status Workflow
        3.13. Voting
        3.14. Quips
        3.15. Groups and Group Security
        3.16. Checking and Maintaining Database Integrity

   4. Bugzilla Security

        4.1. Operating System
        4.2. Web server
        4.3. Bugzilla

   5. Using Bugzilla

        5.1. Introduction
        5.2. Create a Bugzilla Account
        5.3. Anatomy of a Bug
        5.4. Life Cycle of a Bug
        5.5. Searching for Bugs
        5.6. Filing Bugs
        5.7. Attachments
        5.8. Hints and Tips
        5.9. Time Tracking Information
        5.10. User Preferences
        5.11. Reports and Charts
        5.12. Flags
        5.13. Whining

   6. Customizing Bugzilla

        6.1. Bugzilla Extensions
        6.2. Custom Skins
        6.3. Template Customization
        6.4. Customizing Who Can Change What
        6.5. Integrating Bugzilla with Third-Party Tools

   A. Troubleshooting

        A.1. General Advice
        A.2. The Apache web server is not serving Bugzilla pages
        A.3. I installed a Perl module, but checksetup.pl claims it's not
                installed!

        A.4. DBD::Sponge::db prepare failed
        A.5. cannot chdir(/var/spool/mqueue)
        A.6. Everybody is constantly being forced to relogin
        A.7. index.cgi doesn't show up unless specified in the URL
        A.8. checksetup.pl reports "Client does not support authentication
                protocol requested by server..."

   B. Contrib

        B.1. Command-line Search Interface
        B.2. Command-line 'Send Unsent Bug-mail' tool

   C. Manual Installation of Perl Modules

        C.1. Instructions
        C.2. Download Locations
        C.3. Optional Modules

   D. GNU Free Documentation License

        0. Preamble
        1. Applicability and Definition
        2. Verbatim Copying
        3. Copying in Quantity
        4. Modifications
        5. Combining Documents
        6. Collections of Documents
        7. Aggregation with Independent Works
        8. Translation
        9. Termination
        10. Future Revisions of this License
        How to use this License for your documents

   Glossary

   List of Figures
   5-1. Lifecycle of a Bugzilla Bug

   List of Examples
   A-1. Examples of urlbase/cookiepath pairs for sharing login cookies
   A-2. Examples of urlbase/cookiepath pairs to restrict the login cookie
     __________________________________________________________________

Chapter 1. About This Guide

1.1. Copyright Information

   This document is copyright (c) 2000-2012 by the various Bugzilla
   contributors who wrote it.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and
     with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in
     Appendix D.

   If you have any questions regarding this document, its copyright, or
   publishing this document in non-electronic form, please contact the
   Bugzilla Team.
     __________________________________________________________________

1.2. Disclaimer

   No liability for the contents of this document can be accepted. Follow
   the instructions herein at your own risk. This document may contain
   errors and inaccuracies that may damage your system, cause your partner
   to leave you, your boss to fire you, your cats to pee on your furniture
   and clothing, and global thermonuclear war. Proceed with caution.

   Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as
   endorsements, with the exception of the term "GNU/Linux". We
   wholeheartedly endorse the use of GNU/Linux; it is an extremely
   versatile, stable, and robust operating system that offers an ideal
   operating environment for Bugzilla.

   Although the Bugzilla development team has taken great care to ensure
   that all exploitable bugs have been fixed, security holes surely exist
   in any piece of code. Great care should be taken both in the
   installation and usage of this software. The Bugzilla development team
   members assume no liability for your use of Bugzilla. You have the
   source code, and are responsible for auditing it yourself to ensure
   your security needs are met.
     __________________________________________________________________

1.3. New Versions

   This is the 3.6.13 version of The Bugzilla Guide. It is so named to
   match the current version of Bugzilla.

   The latest version of this guide can always be found at
   http://www.bugzilla.org/docs/. However, you should read the version
   which came with the Bugzilla release you are using.

   In addition, there are Bugzilla template localization projects in
   several languages. They may have translated documentation available. If
   you would like to volunteer to translate the Guide into additional
   languages, please visit the Bugzilla L10n team page.
     __________________________________________________________________

1.4. Credits

   The people listed below have made enormous contributions to the
   creation of this Guide, through their writing, dedicated hacking
   efforts, numerous e-mail and IRC support sessions, and overall
   excellent contribution to the Bugzilla community:

   Matthew P. Barnson <mbarnson@sisna.com>
          for the Herculean task of pulling together the Bugzilla Guide
          and shepherding it to 2.14.

   Terry Weissman <terry@mozilla.org>
          for initially writing Bugzilla and creating the README upon
          which the UNIX installation documentation is largely based.

   Tara Hernandez <tara@tequilarists.org>
          for keeping Bugzilla development going strong after Terry left
          mozilla.org and for running landfill.

   Dave Lawrence <dkl@redhat.com>
          for providing insight into the key differences between Red Hat's
          customized Bugzilla.

   Dawn Endico <endico@mozilla.org>
          for being a hacker extraordinaire and putting up with Matthew's
          incessant questions and arguments on irc.mozilla.org in
          #mozwebtools

   Jacob Steenhagen <jake@bugzilla.org>
          for taking over documentation during the 2.17 development
          period.

   Dave Miller <justdave@bugzilla.org>
          for taking over as project lead when Tara stepped down and
          continually pushing for the documentation to be the best it can
          be.

   Thanks also go to the following people for significant contributions to
   this documentation: Kevin Brannen, Vlad Dascalu, Ben FrantzDale, Eric
   Hanson, Zach Lipton, Gervase Markham, Andrew Pearson, Joe Robins,
   Spencer Smith, Ron Teitelbaum, Shane Travis, Martin Wulffeld.

   Also, thanks are due to the members of the mozilla.support.bugzilla
   newsgroup (and its predecessor, netscape.public.mozilla.webtools).
   Without your discussions, insight, suggestions, and patches, this could
   never have happened.
     __________________________________________________________________

1.5. Document Conventions

   This document uses the following conventions:

   Descriptions Appearance
   Caution

   Caution

   Don't run with scissors!
   Hint or Tip

   Tip

   For best results...
   Note

   Note

   Dear John...
   Warning

   Warning

   Read this or the cat gets it.
   File or directory name filename
   Command to be typed command
   Application name application
   Normal user's prompt under bash shell bash$
   Root user's prompt under bash shell bash#
   Normal user's prompt under tcsh shell tcsh$
   Environment variables VARIABLE
   Term found in the glossary Bugzilla
   Code example
<para>
Beginning and end of paragraph
</para>

   This documentation is maintained in DocBook 4.1.2 XML format. Changes
   are best submitted as plain text or XML diffs, attached to a bug filed
   in the Bugzilla Documentation component.
     __________________________________________________________________

Chapter 2. Installing Bugzilla

2.1. Installation

   Note

   If you just want to use Bugzilla, you do not need to install it. None
   of this chapter is relevant to you. Ask your Bugzilla administrator for
   the URL to access it from your web browser.

   The Bugzilla server software is usually installed on Linux or Solaris.
   If you are installing on another OS, check Section 2.5 before you start
   your installation to see if there are any special instructions.

   This guide assumes that you have administrative access to the Bugzilla
   machine. It not possible to install and run Bugzilla itself without
   administrative access except in the very unlikely event that every
   single prerequisite is already installed.

   Warning

   The installation process may make your machine insecure for short
   periods of time. Make sure there is a firewall between you and the
   Internet.

   You are strongly recommended to make a backup of your system before
   installing Bugzilla (and at regular intervals thereafter :-).

   In outline, the installation proceeds as follows:
    1. Install Perl (5.8.1 or above)
    2. Install a Database Engine
    3. Install a Webserver
    4. Install Bugzilla
    5. Install Perl modules
    6. Install a Mail Transfer Agent (Sendmail 8.7 or above, or an MTA
       that is Sendmail-compatible with at least this version)
    7. Configure all of the above.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.1.1. Perl

   Installed Version Test:
   perl -v

   Any machine that doesn't have Perl on it is a sad machine indeed. If
   you don't have it and your OS doesn't provide official packages, visit
   http://www.perl.org. Although Bugzilla runs with Perl 5.8.1, it's a
   good idea to be using the latest stable version.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.1.2. Database Engine

   Bugzilla supports MySQL, PostgreSQL and Oracle as database servers. You
   only require one of these systems to make use of Bugzilla.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.1.2.1. MySQL

   Installed Version Test:
   mysql -V

   If you don't have it and your OS doesn't provide official packages,
   visit http://www.mysql.com. You need MySQL version 4.1.2 or higher.

   Note

   Many of the binary versions of MySQL store their data files in /var. On
   some Unix systems, this is part of a smaller root partition, and may
   not have room for your bug database. To change the data directory, you
   have to build MySQL from source yourself, and set it as an option to
   configure.

   If you install from something other than a packaging/installation
   system, such as .rpm (RPM Package Manager), .deb (Debian Package), .exe
   (Windows Executable), or .msi (Windows Installer), make sure the MySQL
   server is started when the machine boots.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.1.2.2. PostgreSQL

   Installed Version Test:
   psql -V

   If you don't have it and your OS doesn't provide official packages,
   visit http://www.postgresql.org/. You need PostgreSQL version 8.00.0000
   or higher.

   If you install from something other than a packaging/installation
   system, such as .rpm (RPM Package Manager), .deb (Debian Package), .exe
   (Windows Executable), or .msi (Windows Installer), make sure the
   PostgreSQL server is started when the machine boots.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.1.2.3. Oracle

   Installed Version Test:
   select * from v$version

   (you first have to log in into your DB)

   If you don't have it and your OS doesn't provide official packages,
   visit http://www.oracle.com/. You need Oracle version 10.02.0 or
   higher.

   If you install from something other than a packaging/installation
   system, such as .rpm (RPM Package Manager), .deb (Debian Package), .exe
   (Windows Executable), or .msi (Windows Installer), make sure the Oracle
   server is started when the machine boots.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.1.3. Web Server

   Installed Version Test: view the default welcome page at
   http://<your-machine>/

   You have freedom of choice here, pretty much any web server that is
   capable of running CGI scripts will work. However, we strongly
   recommend using the Apache web server (either 1.3.x or 2.x), and the
   installation instructions usually assume you are using it. If you have
   got Bugzilla working using another web server, please share your
   experiences with us by filing a bug in Bugzilla Documentation.

   If you don't have Apache and your OS doesn't provide official packages,
   visit http://httpd.apache.org/.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.1.4. Bugzilla

   Download a Bugzilla tarball (or check it out from CVS) and place it in
   a suitable directory, accessible by the default web server user
   (probably "apache" or "www"). Good locations are either directly in the
   web server's document directories or in /usr/local with a symbolic link
   to the web server's document directories or an alias in the web
   server's configuration.

   Caution

   The default Bugzilla distribution is NOT designed to be placed in a
   cgi-bin directory. This includes any directory which is configured
   using the ScriptAlias directive of Apache.

   Once all the files are in a web accessible directory, make that
   directory writable by your web server's user. This is a temporary step
   until you run the checksetup.pl script, which locks down your
   installation.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.1.5. Perl Modules

   Bugzilla's installation process is based on a script called
   checksetup.pl. The first thing it checks is whether you have
   appropriate versions of all the required Perl modules. The aim of this
   section is to pass this check. When it passes, proceed to Section 2.2.

   At this point, you need to su to root. You should remain as root until
   the end of the install. To check you have the required modules, run:
   bash# ./checksetup.pl --check-modules

   checksetup.pl will print out a list of the required and optional Perl
   modules, together with the versions (if any) installed on your machine.
   The list of required modules is reasonably long; however, you may
   already have several of them installed.

   The preferred way to install missing Perl modules is to use the package
   manager provided by your operating system (e.g "rpm" or "yum" on Linux
   distros, or "ppm" on Windows if using ActivePerl, see Section 2.5.1.2).
   If some Perl modules are still missing or are too old, then we
   recommend using the install-module.pl script (doesn't work with
   ActivePerl on Windows). If for some reason you really need to install
   the Perl modules manually, see Appendix C. For instance, on Unix, you
   invoke install-module.pl as follows:
   bash# perl install-module.pl <modulename>

   Tip

   Many people complain that Perl modules will not install for them. Most
   times, the error messages complain that they are missing a file in
   "@INC". Virtually every time, this error is due to permissions being
   set too restrictively for you to compile Perl modules or not having the
   necessary Perl development libraries installed on your system. Consult
   your local UNIX systems administrator for help solving these
   permissions issues; if you are the local UNIX sysadmin, please consult
   the newsgroup/mailing list for further assistance or hire someone to
   help you out.

   Note

   If you are using a package-based system, and attempting to install the
   Perl modules from CPAN, you may need to install the "development"
   packages for MySQL and GD before attempting to install the related Perl
   modules. The names of these packages will vary depending on the
   specific distribution you are using, but are often called
   <packagename>-devel.

   Here is a complete list of modules and their minimum versions. Some
   modules have special installation notes, which follow.

   Required Perl modules:

    1. CGI (3.51)
    2. Date::Format (2.21)
    3. DateTime (0.28)
    4. DateTime::TimeZone (0.71)
    5. DBI (1.41)
    6. DBD::mysql (4.00) if using MySQL
    7. DBD::Pg (1.45) if using PostgreSQL
    8. DBD::Oracle (1.19) if using Oracle
    9. Digest::SHA (any)
   10. Email::Send (2.00)
   11. Email::MIME (1.861)
   12. Email::MIME::Encodings (1.313)
   13. Email::MIME::Modifier (1.442)
   14. Template (2.22)
   15. URI (any)

   Optional Perl modules:

    1. GD (1.20) for bug charting
    2. Template::Plugin::GD::Image (any) for Graphical Reports
    3. Chart::Lines (2.1) for bug charting
    4. GD::Graph (any) for bug charting
    5. GD::Text (any) for bug charting
    6. XML::Twig (any) for bug import/export
    7. MIME::Parser (5.406) for bug import/export
    8. LWP::UserAgent (any) for Automatic Update Notifications
    9. PatchReader (0.9.4) for pretty HTML view of patches
   10. Net::LDAP (any) for LDAP Authentication
   11. Authen::SASL (any) for SASL Authentication
   12. Authen::Radius (any) for RADIUS Authentication
   13. SOAP::Lite (0.710.06) for the web service interface
   14. JSON::RPC (any) for the JSON-RPC interface
   15. Test::Taint (any) for the web service interface
   16. HTML::Parser (3.40) for More HTML in Product/Group Descriptions
   17. HTML::Scrubber (any) for More HTML in Product/Group Descriptions
   18. Email::MIME::Attachment::Stripper (any) for Inbound Email
   19. Email::Reply (any) for Inbound Email
   20. TheSchwartz (any) for Mail Queueing
   21. Daemon::Generic (any) for Mail Queueing
   22. mod_perl2 (1.999022) for mod_perl
     __________________________________________________________________

2.1.6. Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)

   Bugzilla is dependent on the availability of an e-mail system for its
   user authentication and for other tasks.

   Note

   This is not entirely true. It is possible to completely disable email
   sending, or to have Bugzilla store email messages in a file instead of
   sending them. However, this is mainly intended for testing, as
   disabling or diverting email on a production machine would mean that
   users could miss important events (such as bug changes or the creation
   of new accounts).

   For more information, see the "mail_delivery_method" parameter in
   Section 3.1.

   On Linux, any Sendmail-compatible MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) will
   suffice. Sendmail, Postfix, qmail and Exim are examples of common MTAs.
   Sendmail is the original Unix MTA, but the others are easier to
   configure, and therefore many people replace Sendmail with Postfix or
   Exim. They are drop-in replacements, so Bugzilla will not distinguish
   between them.

   If you are using Sendmail, version 8.7 or higher is required. If you
   are using a Sendmail-compatible MTA, it must be congruent with at least
   version 8.7 of Sendmail.

   Consult the manual for the specific MTA you choose for detailed
   installation instructions. Each of these programs will have their own
   configuration files where you must configure certain parameters to
   ensure that the mail is delivered properly. They are implemented as
   services, and you should ensure that the MTA is in the auto-start list
   of services for the machine.

   If a simple mail sent with the command-line 'mail' program succeeds,
   then Bugzilla should also be fine.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.1.7. Installing Bugzilla on mod_perl

   It is now possible to run the Bugzilla software under mod_perl on
   Apache. mod_perl has some additional requirements to that of running
   Bugzilla under mod_cgi (the standard and previous way).

   Bugzilla requires mod_perl to be installed, which can be obtained from
   http://perl.apache.org - Bugzilla requires version 1.999022 (AKA
   2.0.0-RC5) to be installed.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2. Configuration

   Warning

   Poorly-configured MySQL and Bugzilla installations have given attackers
   full access to systems in the past. Please take the security parts of
   these guidelines seriously, even for Bugzilla machines hidden away
   behind your firewall. Be certain to read Chapter 4 for some important
   security tips.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.1. localconfig

   You should now run checksetup.pl again, this time without the
   --check-modules switch.
   bash# ./checksetup.pl

   This time, checksetup.pl should tell you that all the correct modules
   are installed and will display a message about, and write out a file
   called, localconfig. This file contains the default settings for a
   number of Bugzilla parameters.

   Load this file in your editor. The only two values you need to change
   are $db_driver and $db_pass, respectively the type of the database and
   the password for the user you will create for your database. Pick a
   strong password (for simplicity, it should not contain single quote
   characters) and put it here. $db_driver can be either 'mysql', 'Pg' or
   'oracle'.

   Note

   In Oracle, $db_name should actually be the SID name of your database
   (e.g. "XE" if you are using Oracle XE).

   You may need to change the value of webservergroup if your web server
   does not run in the "apache" group. On Debian, for example, Apache runs
   in the "www-data" group. If you are going to run Bugzilla on a machine
   where you do not have root access (such as on a shared web hosting
   account), you will need to leave webservergroup empty, ignoring the
   warnings that checksetup.pl will subsequently display every time it is
   run.

   Caution

   If you are using suexec, you should use your own primary group for
   webservergroup rather than leaving it empty, and see the additional
   directions in the suexec section Section 2.6.6.1.

   The other options in the localconfig file are documented by their
   accompanying comments. If you have a slightly non-standard database
   setup, you may wish to change one or more of the other "$db_*"
   parameters.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.2. Database Server

   This section deals with configuring your database server for use with
   Bugzilla. Currently, MySQL (Section 2.2.2.2), PostgreSQL (Section
   2.2.2.3) and Oracle (Section 2.2.2.4) are available.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.1. Bugzilla Database Schema

   The Bugzilla database schema is available at Ravenbrook. This very
   valuable tool can generate a written description of the Bugzilla
   database schema for any version of Bugzilla. It can also generate a
   diff between two versions to help someone see what has changed.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.2. MySQL

   Caution

   MySQL's default configuration is insecure. We highly recommend to run
   mysql_secure_installation on Linux or the MySQL installer on Windows,
   and follow the instructions. Important points to note are:

    1. Be sure that the root account has a secure password set.
    2. Do not create an anonymous account, and if it exists, say "yes" to
       remove it.
    3. If your web server and MySQL server are on the same machine, you
       should disable the network access.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.2.1. Allow large attachments and many comments

   By default, MySQL will only allow you to insert things into the
   database that are smaller than 1MB. Attachments may be larger than
   this. Also, Bugzilla combines all comments on a single bug into one
   field for full-text searching, and the combination of all comments on a
   single bug could in some cases be larger than 1MB.

   To change MySQL's default, you need to edit your MySQL configuration
   file, which is usually /etc/my.cnf on Linux. We recommend that you
   allow at least 4MB packets by adding the "max_allowed_packet" parameter
   to your MySQL configuration in the "[mysqld]" section, like this:
[mysqld]
# Allow packets up to 4MB
max_allowed_packet=4M
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.2.2. Allow small words in full-text indexes

   By default, words must be at least four characters in length in order
   to be indexed by MySQL's full-text indexes. This causes a lot of
   Bugzilla specific words to be missed, including "cc", "ftp" and "uri".

   MySQL can be configured to index those words by setting the
   ft_min_word_len param to the minimum size of the words to index. This
   can be done by modifying the /etc/my.cnf according to the example
   below:
  [mysqld]
  # Allow small words in full-text indexes
  ft_min_word_len=2

   Rebuilding the indexes can be done based on documentation found at
   http://www.mysql.com/doc/en/Fulltext_Fine-tuning.html.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.2.3. Add a user to MySQL

   You need to add a new MySQL user for Bugzilla to use. (It's not safe to
   have Bugzilla use the MySQL root account.) The following instructions
   assume the defaults in localconfig; if you changed those, you need to
   modify the SQL command appropriately. You will need the $db_pass
   password you set in localconfig in Section 2.2.1.

   We use an SQL GRANT command to create a "bugs" user. This also
   restricts the "bugs"user to operations within a database called "bugs",
   and only allows the account to connect from "localhost". Modify it to
   reflect your setup if you will be connecting from another machine or as
   a different user.

   Run the mysql command-line client and enter:
    mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT,
           UPDATE, DELETE, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE, LOCK TABLES,
           CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, DROP, REFERENCES ON bugs.*
           TO bugs@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '$db_pass';
    mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.2.4. Permit attachments table to grow beyond 4GB

   By default, MySQL will limit the size of a table to 4GB. This limit is
   present even if the underlying filesystem has no such limit. To set a
   higher limit, follow these instructions.

   After you have completed the rest of the installation (or at least the
   database setup parts), you should run the MySQL command-line client and
   enter the following, replacing $bugs_db with your Bugzilla database
   name (bugs by default):
    mysql> use $bugs_db
    mysql> ALTER TABLE attachments
           AVG_ROW_LENGTH=1000000, MAX_ROWS=20000;

   The above command will change the limit to 20GB. Mysql will have to
   make a temporary copy of your entire table to do this. Ideally, you
   should do this when your attachments table is still small.

   Note

   This does not affect Big Files, attachments that are stored directly on
   disk instead of in the database.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.3. PostgreSQL

2.2.2.3.1. Add a User to PostgreSQL

   You need to add a new user to PostgreSQL for the Bugzilla application
   to use when accessing the database. The following instructions assume
   the defaults in localconfig; if you changed those, you need to modify
   the commands appropriately. You will need the $db_pass password you set
   in localconfig in Section 2.2.1.

   On most systems, to create the user in PostgreSQL, you will need to
   login as the root user, and then
    bash# su - postgres

   As the postgres user, you then need to create a new user:
    bash$ createuser -U postgres -dRSP bugs

   When asked for a password, provide the password which will be set as
   $db_pass in localconfig. The created user will not be a superuser (-S)
   and will not be able to create new users (-R). He will only have the
   ability to create databases (-d).

   Note

   If your are running PostgreSQL 8.0, you must replace -dRSP by -dAP.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.3.2. Configure PostgreSQL

   Now, you will need to edit pg_hba.conf which is usually located in
   /var/lib/pgsql/data/. In this file, you will need to add a new line to
   it as follows:

   host all bugs 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 md5

   This means that for TCP/IP (host) connections, allow connections from
   '127.0.0.1' to 'all' databases on this server from the 'bugs' user, and
   use password authentication (md5) for that user.

   Now, you will need to restart PostgreSQL, but you will need to fully
   stop and start the server rather than just restarting due to the
   possibility of a change to postgresql.conf. After the server has
   restarted, you will need to edit localconfig, finding the $db_driver
   variable and setting it to Pg and changing the password in $db_pass to
   the one you picked previously, while setting up the account.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.4. Oracle

2.2.2.4.1. Create a New Tablespace

   You can use the existing tablespace or create a new one for Bugzilla.
   To create a new tablespace, run the following command:
    CREATE TABLESPACE bugs
    DATAFILE '$path_to_datafile' SIZE 500M
    AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 30M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

   Here, the name of the tablespace is 'bugs', but you can choose another
   name. $path_to_datafile is the path to the file containing your
   database, for instance /u01/oradata/bugzilla.dbf. The initial size of
   the database file is set in this example to 500 Mb, with an increment
   of 30 Mb everytime we reach the size limit of the file.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.4.2. Add a User to Oracle

   The user name and password must match what you set in localconfig
   ($db_user and $db_pass, respectively). Here, we assume that the user
   name is 'bugs' and the tablespace name is the same as above.
    CREATE USER bugs
    IDENTIFIED BY "$db_pass"
    DEFAULT TABLESPACE bugs
    TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
    PROFILE DEFAULT;
    -- GRANT/REVOKE ROLE PRIVILEGES
    GRANT CONNECT TO bugs;
    GRANT RESOURCE TO bugs;
    -- GRANT/REVOKE SYSTEM PRIVILEGES
    GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO bugs;
    GRANT EXECUTE ON CTXSYS.CTX_DDL TO bugs;
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.4.3. Configure the Web Server

   If you use Apache, append these lines to httpd.conf to set ORACLE_HOME
   and LD_LIBRARY_PATH. For instance:
    SetEnv ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/
    SetEnv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/lib/

   When this is done, restart your web server.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.3. checksetup.pl

   Next, rerun checksetup.pl. It reconfirms that all the modules are
   present, and notices the altered localconfig file, which it assumes you
   have edited to your satisfaction. It compiles the UI templates,
   connects to the database using the 'bugs' user you created and the
   password you defined, and creates the 'bugs' database and the tables
   therein.

   After that, it asks for details of an administrator account. Bugzilla
   can have multiple administrators - you can create more later - but it
   needs one to start off with. Enter the email address of an
   administrator, his or her full name, and a suitable Bugzilla password.

   checksetup.pl will then finish. You may rerun checksetup.pl at any time
   if you wish.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.4. Web server

   Configure your web server according to the instructions in the
   appropriate section. (If it makes a difference in your choice, the
   Bugzilla Team recommends Apache.) To check whether your web server is
   correctly configured, try to access testagent.cgi from your web server.
   If "OK" is displayed, then your configuration is successful. Regardless
   of which web server you are using, however, ensure that sensitive
   information is not remotely available by properly applying the access
   controls in Section 4.2.1. You can run testserver.pl to check if your
   web server serves Bugzilla files as expected.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.4.1. Bugzilla using Apache

   You have two options for running Bugzilla under Apache - mod_cgi (the
   default) and mod_perl (new in Bugzilla 2.23)
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.4.1.1. Apache httpd with mod_cgi

   To configure your Apache web server to work with Bugzilla while using
   mod_cgi, do the following:
    1. Load httpd.conf in your editor. In Fedora and Red Hat Linux, this
       file is found in /etc/httpd/conf.
    2. Apache uses <Directory> directives to permit fine-grained
       permission setting. Add the following lines to a directive that
       applies to the location of your Bugzilla installation. (If such a
       section does not exist, you'll want to add one.) In this example,
       Bugzilla has been installed at /usr/local/www/bugzilla.

    <Directory /usr/local/www/bugzilla>
    AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
    Options +Indexes +ExecCGI
    DirectoryIndex index.cgi
    AllowOverride Limit
    </Directory>

       These instructions: allow apache to run .cgi files found within the
       bugzilla directory; instructs the server to look for a file called
       index.cgi if someone only types the directory name into the
       browser; and allows Bugzilla's .htaccess files to override global
       permissions.

   Note

   It is possible to make these changes globally, or to the directive
   controlling Bugzilla's parent directory (e.g. <Directory
   /var/www/html/>). Such changes would also apply to the Bugzilla
   directory... but they would also apply to many other places where they
   may or may not be appropriate. In most cases, including this one, it is
   better to be as restrictive as possible when granting extra access.

       Note

   On Windows, you may have to also add the ScriptInterpreterSource
   Registry-Strict line, see Windows specific notes.
    3. checksetup.pl can set tighter permissions on Bugzilla's files and
       directories if it knows what group the web server runs as. Find the
       Group line in httpd.conf, place the value found there in the
       $webservergroup variable in localconfig, then rerun checksetup.pl.
    4. Optional: If Bugzilla does not actually reside in the webspace
       directory, but instead has been symbolically linked there, you will
       need to add the following to the Options line of the Bugzilla
       <Directory> directive (the same one as in the step above):

    +FollowSymLinks

       Without this directive, Apache will not follow symbolic links to
       places outside its own directory structure, and you will be unable
       to run Bugzilla.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.4.1.2. Apache httpd with mod_perl

   Some configuration is required to make Bugzilla work with Apache and
   mod_perl
    1. Load httpd.conf in your editor. In Fedora and Red Hat Linux, this
       file is found in /etc/httpd/conf.
    2. Add the following information to your httpd.conf file, substituting
       where appropriate with your own local paths.

   Note

   This should be used instead of the <Directory> block shown above. This
   should also be above any other mod_perl directives within the
   httpd.conf and must be specified in the order as below.

       Warning

   You should also ensure that you have disabled KeepAlive support in your
   Apache install when utilizing Bugzilla under mod_perl

    PerlSwitches -w -T
    PerlConfigRequire /usr/local/www/bugzilla/mod_perl.pl

    3. checksetup.pl can set tighter permissions on Bugzilla's files and
       directories if it knows what group the web server runs as. Find the
       Group line in httpd.conf, place the value found there in the
       $webservergroup variable in localconfig, then rerun checksetup.pl.

   On restarting Apache, Bugzilla should now be running within the
   mod_perl environment. Please ensure you have run checksetup.pl to set
   permissions before you restart Apache.

   Note

   Please bear the following points in mind when looking at using Bugzilla
   under mod_perl:

     * mod_perl support in Bugzilla can take up a HUGE amount of RAM. You
       could be looking at 30MB per httpd child, easily. Basically, you
       just need a lot of RAM. The more RAM you can get, the better.
       mod_perl is basically trading RAM for speed. At least 2GB total
       system RAM is recommended for running Bugzilla under mod_perl.
     * Under mod_perl, you have to restart Apache if you make any manual
       change to any Bugzilla file. You can't just reload--you have to
       actually restart the server (as in make sure it stops and starts
       again). You can change localconfig and the params file manually, if
       you want, because those are re-read every time you load a page.
     * You must run in Apache's Prefork MPM (this is the default). The
       Worker MPM may not work--we haven't tested Bugzilla's mod_perl
       support under threads. (And, in fact, we're fairly sure it won't
       work.)
     * Bugzilla generally expects to be the only mod_perl application
       running on your entire server. It may or may not work if there are
       other applications also running under mod_perl. It does try its
       best to play nice with other mod_perl applications, but it still
       may have conflicts.
     * It is recommended that you have one Bugzilla instance running under
       mod_perl on your server. Bugzilla has not been tested with more
       than one instance running.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.4.2. Microsoft Internet Information Services

   If you are running Bugzilla on Windows and choose to use Microsoft's
   Internet Information Services or Personal Web Server you will need to
   perform a number of other configuration steps as explained below. You
   may also want to refer to the following Microsoft Knowledge Base
   articles: 245225 "HOW TO: Configure and Test a PERL Script with IIS
   4.0, 5.0, and 5.1" (for Internet Information Services) and 231998 "HOW
   TO: FP2000: How to Use Perl with Microsoft Personal Web Server on
   Windows 95/98" (for Personal Web Server).

   You will need to create a virtual directory for the Bugzilla install.
   Put the Bugzilla files in a directory that is named something other
   than what you want your end-users accessing. That is, if you want your
   users to access your Bugzilla installation through
   "http://<yourdomainname>/Bugzilla", then do not put your Bugzilla files
   in a directory named "Bugzilla". Instead, place them in a different
   location, and then use the IIS Administration tool to create a Virtual
   Directory named "Bugzilla" that acts as an alias for the actual
   location of the files. When creating that virtual directory, make sure
   you add the "Execute (such as ISAPI applications or CGI)" access
   permission.

   You will also need to tell IIS how to handle Bugzilla's .cgi files.
   Using the IIS Administration tool again, open up the properties for the
   new virtual directory and select the Configuration option to access the
   Script Mappings. Create an entry mapping .cgi to:
<full path to perl.exe >\perl.exe -x<full path to Bugzilla> -wT "%s" %s

   For example:
c:\perl\bin\perl.exe -xc:\bugzilla -wT "%s" %s

   Note

   The ActiveState install may have already created an entry for .pl files
   that is limited to "GET,HEAD,POST". If so, this mapping should be
   removed as Bugzilla's .pl files are not designed to be run via a web
   server.

   IIS will also need to know that the index.cgi should be treated as a
   default document. On the Documents tab page of the virtual directory
   properties, you need to add index.cgi as a default document type. If
   you wish, you may remove the other default document types for this
   particular virtual directory, since Bugzilla doesn't use any of them.

   Also, and this can't be stressed enough, make sure that files such as
   localconfig and your data directory are secured as described in Section
   4.2.1.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.2.5. Bugzilla

   Your Bugzilla should now be working. Access
   http://<your-bugzilla-server>/ - you should see the Bugzilla front
   page. If not, consult the Troubleshooting section, Appendix A.

   Note

   The URL above may be incorrect if you installed Bugzilla into a
   subdirectory or used a symbolic link from your web site root to the
   Bugzilla directory.

   Log in with the administrator account you defined in the last
   checksetup.pl run. You should go through the Parameters page and see if
   there are any you wish to change. They key parameters are documented in
   Section 3.1; you should certainly alter maintainer and urlbase; you may
   also want to alter cookiepath or requirelogin.

   Bugzilla has several optional features which require extra
   configuration. You can read about those in Section 2.3.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.3. Optional Additional Configuration

   Bugzilla has a number of optional features. This section describes how
   to configure or enable them.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.3.1. Bug Graphs

   If you have installed the necessary Perl modules you can start
   collecting statistics for the nifty Bugzilla graphs.
   bash# crontab -e

   This should bring up the crontab file in your editor. Add a cron entry
   like this to run collectstats.pl daily at 5 after midnight:
   5 0 * * * cd <your-bugzilla-directory> && ./collectstats.pl

   After two days have passed you'll be able to view bug graphs from the
   Reports page.

   Note

   Windows does not have 'cron', but it does have the Task Scheduler,
   which performs the same duties. There are also third-party tools that
   can be used to implement cron, such as nncron.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.3.2. The Whining Cron

   What good are bugs if they're not annoying? To help make them more so
   you can set up Bugzilla's automatic whining system to complain at
   engineers which leave their bugs in the NEW or REOPENED state without
   triaging them.

   This can be done by adding the following command as a daily crontab
   entry, in the same manner as explained above for bug graphs. This
   example runs it at 12.55am.
   55 0 * * * cd <your-bugzilla-directory> && ./whineatnews.pl

   Note

   Windows does not have 'cron', but it does have the Task Scheduler,
   which performs the same duties. There are also third-party tools that
   can be used to implement cron, such as nncron.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.3.3. Whining

   As of Bugzilla 2.20, users can configure Bugzilla to regularly annoy
   them at regular intervals, by having Bugzilla execute saved searches at
   certain times and emailing the results to the user. This is known as
   "Whining". The process of configuring Whining is described in Section
   5.13, but for it to work a Perl script must be executed at regular
   intervals.

   This can be done by adding the following command as a daily crontab
   entry, in the same manner as explained above for bug graphs. This
   example runs it every 15 minutes.
   */15 * * * * cd <your-bugzilla-directory> && ./whine.pl

   Note

   Whines can be executed as often as every 15 minutes, so if you specify
   longer intervals between executions of whine.pl, some users may not be
   whined at as often as they would expect. Depending on the person, this
   can either be a very Good Thing or a very Bad Thing.

   Note

   Windows does not have 'cron', but it does have the Task Scheduler,
   which performs the same duties. There are also third-party tools that
   can be used to implement cron, such as nncron.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.3.4. Serving Alternate Formats with the right MIME type

   Some Bugzilla pages have alternate formats, other than just plain HTML.
   In particular, a few Bugzilla pages can output their contents as either
   XUL (a special Mozilla format, that looks like a program GUI) or RDF (a
   type of structured XML that can be read by various programs).

   In order for your users to see these pages correctly, Apache must send
   them with the right MIME type. To do this, add the following lines to
   your Apache configuration, either in the <VirtualHost> section for your
   Bugzilla, or in the <Directory> section for your Bugzilla:

AddType application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml .xul
AddType application/rdf+xml .rdf
     __________________________________________________________________

2.4. Multiple Bugzilla databases with a single installation

   The previous instructions referred to a standard installation, with one
   unique Bugzilla database. However, you may want to host several
   distinct installations, without having several copies of the code. This
   is possible by using the PROJECT environment variable. When accessed,
   Bugzilla checks for the existence of this variable, and if present,
   uses its value to check for an alternative configuration file named
   localconfig.<PROJECT> in the same location as the default one
   (localconfig). It also checks for customized templates in a directory
   named <PROJECT> in the same location as the default one
   (template/<langcode>). By default this is template/en/default so
   PROJECT's templates would be located at template/en/PROJECT.

   To set up an alternate installation, just export PROJECT=foo before
   running checksetup.pl for the first time. It will result in a file
   called localconfig.foo instead of localconfig. Edit this file as
   described above, with reference to a new database, and re-run
   checksetup.pl to populate it. That's all.

   Now you have to configure the web server to pass this environment
   variable when accessed via an alternate URL, such as virtual host for
   instance. The following is an example of how you could do it in Apache,
   other Webservers may differ.
<VirtualHost 212.85.153.228:80>
    ServerName foo.bar.baz
    SetEnv PROJECT foo
    Alias /bugzilla /var/www/bugzilla
</VirtualHost>

   Don't forget to also export this variable before accessing Bugzilla by
   other means, such as cron tasks for instance.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.5. OS-Specific Installation Notes

   Many aspects of the Bugzilla installation can be affected by the
   operating system you choose to install it on. Sometimes it can be made
   easier and others more difficult. This section will attempt to help you
   understand both the difficulties of running on specific operating
   systems and the utilities available to make it easier.

   If you have anything to add or notes for an operating system not
   covered, please file a bug in Bugzilla Documentation.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.5.1. Microsoft Windows

   Making Bugzilla work on Windows is more difficult than making it work
   on Unix. For that reason, we still recommend doing so on a Unix based
   system such as GNU/Linux. That said, if you do want to get Bugzilla
   running on Windows, you will need to make the following adjustments. A
   detailed step-by-step installation guide for Windows is also available
   if you need more help with your installation.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.5.1.1. Win32 Perl

   Perl for Windows can be obtained from ActiveState. You should be able
   to find a compiled binary at
   http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Downloads/ActivePerl/. The following
   instructions assume that you are using version 5.8.1 of ActiveState.

   Note

   These instructions are for 32-bit versions of Windows. If you are using
   a 64-bit version of Windows, you will need to install 32-bit Perl in
   order to install the 32-bit modules as described below.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.5.1.2. Perl Modules on Win32

   Bugzilla on Windows requires the same perl modules found in Section
   2.1.5. The main difference is that windows uses PPM instead of CPAN.
   ActiveState provides a GUI to manage Perl modules. We highly recommend
   that you use it. If you prefer to use ppm from the command-line, type:
C:\perl> ppm install <module name>

   The best source for the Windows PPM modules needed for Bugzilla is
   probably the theory58S website, which you can add to your list of
   repositories as follows (for Perl 5.8.x):
ppm repo add theory58S http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/ppms/

   If you are using Perl 5.10.x, you cannot use the same PPM modules as
   Perl 5.8.x as they are incompatible. In this case, you should add the
   following repository:
ppm repo add theory58S http://cpan.uwinnipeg.ca/PPMPackages/10xx/

   Note

   In versions prior to 5.8.8 build 819 of PPM the command is
ppm repository add theory58S http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/ppms/

   Note

   The PPM repository stores modules in 'packages' that may have a
   slightly different name than the module. If retrieving these modules
   from there, you will need to pay attention to the information provided
   when you run checksetup.pl as it will tell you what package you'll need
   to install.

   Tip

   If you are behind a corporate firewall, you will need to let the
   ActiveState PPM utility know how to get through it to access the
   repositories by setting the HTTP_proxy system environmental variable.
   For more information on setting that variable, see the ActiveState
   documentation.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.5.1.3. Serving the web pages

   As is the case on Unix based systems, any web server should be able to
   handle Bugzilla; however, the Bugzilla Team still recommends Apache
   whenever asked. No matter what web server you choose, be sure to pay
   attention to the security notes in Section 4.2.1. More information on
   configuring specific web servers can be found in Section 2.2.4.

   Note

   The web server looks at /usr/local/bin/perl to call Perl. If you are using
   Apache on windows, you can set the ScriptInterpreterSource directive in
   your Apache config file to make it look at the right place: insert the
   line
   ScriptInterpreterSource Registry-Strict

   into your httpd.conf file, and create the key
   HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.cgi\Shell\ExecCGI\Command

   with C:\Perl\bin\perl.exe -T as value (adapt to your path if needed) in
   the registry. When this is done, restart Apache.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.5.1.4. Sending Email

   To enable Bugzilla to send email on Windows, the server running the
   Bugzilla code must be able to connect to, or act as, an SMTP server.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.5.2. Mac OS X

   Making Bugzilla work on Mac OS X requires the following adjustments.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.5.2.1. Sendmail

   In Mac OS X 10.3 and later, Postfix is used as the built-in email
   server. Postfix provides an executable that mimics sendmail enough to
   fool Bugzilla, as long as Bugzilla can find it.

   As of version 2.20, Bugzilla will be able to find the fake sendmail
   executable without any assistance. However, you will have to turn on
   the sendmailnow parameter before you do anything that would result in
   email being sent. For more information, see the description of the
   sendmailnow parameter in Section 3.1.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.5.2.2. Libraries & Perl Modules on Mac OS X

   Apple does not include the GD library with Mac OS X. Bugzilla needs
   this for bug graphs.

   You can use MacPorts (http://www.macports.org/) or Fink
   (http://sourceforge.net/projects/fink/), both of which are similar in
   nature to the CPAN installer, but install common unix programs.

   Follow the instructions for setting up MacPorts or Fink. Once you have
   one installed, you'll want to use it to install the gd2 package.

   Fink will prompt you for a number of dependencies, type 'y' and hit
   enter to install all of the dependencies and then watch it work. You
   will then be able to use CPAN to install the GD Perl module.

   Note

   To prevent creating conflicts with the software that Apple installs by
   default, Fink creates its own directory tree at /sw where it installs
   most of the software that it installs. This means your libraries and
   headers will be at /sw/lib and /sw/include instead of /usr/lib and
   /usr/include. When the Perl module config script asks where your libgd
   is, be sure to tell it /sw/lib.

   Also available via MacPorts and Fink is expat. After installing the
   expat package, you will be able to install XML::Parser using CPAN. If
   you use fink, there is one caveat. Unlike recent versions of the GD
   module, XML::Parser doesn't prompt for the location of the required
   libraries. When using CPAN, you will need to use the following command
   sequence:
# perl -MCPAN -e'look XML::Parser'         (1)
# perl Makefile.PL EXPATLIBPATH=/sw/lib EXPATINCPATH=/sw/include
# make; make test; make install            (2)
# exit                                     (3)

   (1) (3)
          The look command will download the module and spawn a new shell
          with the extracted files as the current working directory. The
          exit command will return you to your original shell.
   (2)
          You should watch the output from these make commands, especially
          "make test" as errors may prevent XML::Parser from functioning
          correctly with Bugzilla.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.5.3. Linux Distributions

   Many Linux distributions include Bugzilla and its dependencies in their
   native package management systems. Installing Bugzilla with root access
   on any Linux system should be as simple as finding the Bugzilla package
   in the package management application and installing it using the
   normal command syntax. Several distributions also perform the proper
   web server configuration automatically on installation.

   Please consult the documentation of your Linux distribution for
   instructions on how to install packages, or for specific instructions
   on installing Bugzilla with native package management tools. There is
   also a Bugzilla Wiki Page for distro-specific installation notes.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.6. UNIX (non-root) Installation Notes

2.6.1. Introduction

   If you are running a *NIX OS as non-root, either due to lack of access
   (web hosts, for example) or for security reasons, this will detail how
   to install Bugzilla on such a setup. It is recommended that you read
   through the Section 2.1 first to get an idea on the installation steps
   required. (These notes will reference to steps in that guide.)
     __________________________________________________________________

2.6.2. MySQL

   You may have MySQL installed as root. If you're setting up an account
   with a web host, a MySQL account needs to be set up for you. From
   there, you can create the bugs account, or use the account given to
   you.

   Warning

   You may have problems trying to set up GRANT permissions to the
   database. If you're using a web host, chances are that you have a
   separate database which is already locked down (or one big database
   with limited/no access to the other areas), but you may want to ask
   your system administrator what the security settings are set to, and/or
   run the GRANT command for you.

   Also, you will probably not be able to change the MySQL root user
   password (for obvious reasons), so skip that step.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.6.2.1. Running MySQL as Non-Root

2.6.2.1.1. The Custom Configuration Method

   Create a file .my.cnf in your home directory (using /home/foo in this
   example) as follows....
[mysqld]
datadir=/home/foo/mymysql
socket=/home/foo/mymysql/thesock
port=8081

[mysql]
socket=/home/foo/mymysql/thesock
port=8081

[mysql.server]
user=mysql
basedir=/var/lib

[safe_mysqld]
err-log=/home/foo/mymysql/the.log
pid-file=/home/foo/mymysql/the.pid
     __________________________________________________________________

2.6.2.1.2. The Custom Built Method

   You can install MySQL as a not-root, if you really need to. Build it
   with PREFIX set to /home/foo/mysql, or use pre-installed executables,
   specifying that you want to put all of the data files in
   /home/foo/mysql/data. If there is another MySQL server running on the
   system that you do not own, use the -P option to specify a TCP port
   that is not in use.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.6.2.1.3. Starting the Server

   After your mysqld program is built and any .my.cnf file is in place,
   you must initialize the databases (ONCE).
              bash$
              mysql_install_db

   Then start the daemon with
              bash$
              safe_mysql &

   After you start mysqld the first time, you then connect to it as "root"
   and GRANT permissions to other users. (Again, the MySQL root account
   has nothing to do with the *NIX root account.)

   Note

   You will need to start the daemons yourself. You can either ask your
   system administrator to add them to system startup files, or add a
   crontab entry that runs a script to check on these daemons and restart
   them if needed.

   Warning

   Do NOT run daemons or other services on a server without first
   consulting your system administrator! Daemons use up system resources
   and running one may be in violation of your terms of service for any
   machine on which you are a user!
     __________________________________________________________________

2.6.3. Perl

   On the extremely rare chance that you don't have Perl on the machine,
   you will have to build the sources yourself. The following commands
   should get your system installed with your own personal version of
   Perl:
        bash$
        wget http://perl.org/CPAN/src/stable.tar.gz
        bash$
        tar zvxf stable.tar.gz
        bash$
        cd perl-5.8.1 (or whatever the version of Perl is called)
        bash$
        sh Configure -de -Dprefix=/home/foo/perl
        bash$
        make && make test && make install

   Once you have Perl installed into a directory (probably in ~/perl/bin),
   you will need to install the Perl Modules, described below.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.6.4. Perl Modules

   Installing the Perl modules as a non-root user is accomplished by
   running the install-module.pl script. For more details on this script,
   see install-module.pl documentation
     __________________________________________________________________

2.6.5. HTTP Server

   Ideally, this also needs to be installed as root and run under a
   special web server account. As long as the web server will allow the
   running of *.cgi files outside of a cgi-bin, and a way of denying web
   access to certain files (such as a .htaccess file), you should be good
   in this department.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.6.5.1. Running Apache as Non-Root

   You can run Apache as a non-root user, but the port will need to be set
   to one above 1024. If you type httpd -V, you will get a list of the
   variables that your system copy of httpd uses. One of those, namely
   HTTPD_ROOT, tells you where that installation looks for its config
   information.

   From there, you can copy the config files to your own home directory to
   start editing. When you edit those and then use the -d option to
   override the HTTPD_ROOT compiled into the web server, you get control
   of your own customized web server.

   Note

   You will need to start the daemons yourself. You can either ask your
   system administrator to add them to system startup files, or add a
   crontab entry that runs a script to check on these daemons and restart
   them if needed.

   Warning

   Do NOT run daemons or other services on a server without first
   consulting your system administrator! Daemons use up system resources
   and running one may be in violation of your terms of service for any
   machine on which you are a user!
     __________________________________________________________________

2.6.6. Bugzilla

   When you run ./checksetup.pl to create the localconfig file, it will
   list the Perl modules it finds. If one is missing, go back and
   double-check the module installation from Section 2.6.4, then delete
   the localconfig file and try again.

   Warning

   One option in localconfig you might have problems with is the web
   server group. If you can't successfully browse to the index.cgi (like a
   Forbidden error), you may have to relax your permissions, and blank out
   the web server group. Of course, this may pose as a security risk.
   Having a properly jailed shell and/or limited access to shell accounts
   may lessen the security risk, but use at your own risk.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.6.6.1. suexec or shared hosting

   If you are running on a system that uses suexec (most shared hosting
   environments do this), you will need to set the webservergroup value in
   localconfig to match your primary group, rather than the one the web
   server runs under. You will need to run the following shell commands
   after running ./checksetup.pl, every time you run it (or modify
   checksetup.pl to do them for you via the system() command).
        for i in docs graphs images js skins; do find $i -type d -exec chmod o+
rx {} \; ; done
        for i in jpg gif css js png html rdf xul; do find . -name \*.$i -exec c
hmod o+r {} \; ; done
        find . -name .htaccess -exec chmod o+r {} \;
        chmod o+x . data data/webdot

   Pay particular attention to the number of semicolons and dots. They are
   all important. A future version of Bugzilla will hopefully be able to
   do this for you out of the box.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.7. Upgrading to New Releases

   Upgrading to new Bugzilla releases is very simple. There is a script
   included with Bugzilla that will automatically do all of the database
   migration for you.

   The following sections explain how to upgrade from one version of
   Bugzilla to another. Whether you are upgrading from one bug-fix version
   to another (such as 3.0.1 to 3.0.2) or from one major version to
   another (such as from 3.0 to 3.2), the instructions are always the
   same.

   Note

   Any examples in the following sections are written as though the user
   were updating to version 2.22.1, but the procedures are the same no
   matter what version you're updating to. Also, in the examples, the
   user's Bugzilla installation is found at /usr/local/www/bugzilla. If
   that is not the same as the location of your Bugzilla installation,
   simply substitute the proper paths where appropriate.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.7.1. Before You Upgrade

   Before you start your upgrade, there are a few important steps to take:

    1. Read the Release Notes of the version you're upgrading to,
       particularly the "Notes for Upgraders" section.
    2. View the Sanity Check (Section 3.16) page on your installation
       before upgrading. Attempt to fix all warnings that the page
       produces before you go any further, or you may experience problems
       during your upgrade.
    3. Shut down your Bugzilla installation by putting some HTML or text
       in the shutdownhtml parameter (see Section 3.1).
    4. Make a backup of the Bugzilla database. THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT. If
       anything goes wrong during the upgrade, your installation can be
       corrupted beyond recovery. Having a backup keeps you safe.

   Warning

   Upgrading is a one-way process. You cannot "downgrade" an upgraded
   Bugzilla. If you wish to revert to the old Bugzilla version for any
   reason, you will have to restore your database from this backup.
       Here are some sample commands you could use to backup your
       database, depending on what database system you're using. You may
       have to modify these commands for your particular setup.

        MySQL:
                mysqldump --opt -u bugs -p bugs > bugs.sql

        PostgreSQL:
                pg_dump --no-privileges --no-owner -h localhost -U bugs >
                bugs.sql
     __________________________________________________________________

2.7.2. Getting The New Bugzilla

   There are three ways to get the new version of Bugzilla. We'll list
   them here briefly and then explain them more later.

   CVS (Section 2.7.2.2)
          If have cvs installed on your machine and you have Internet
          access, this is the easiest way to upgrade, particularly if you
          have made modifications to the code or templates of Bugzilla.

   Download the tarball (Section 2.7.2.3)
          This is a very simple way to upgrade, and good if you haven't
          made many (or any) modifications to the code or templates of
          your Bugzilla.

   Patches (Section 2.7.2.4)
          If you have made modifications to your Bugzilla, and you don't
          have Internet access or you don't want to use cvs, then this is
          the best way to upgrade.

          You can only do minor upgrades (such as 3.0 to 3.0.1 or 3.0.1 to
          3.0.2) with patches.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.7.2.1. If you have modified your Bugzilla

   If you have modified the code or templates of your Bugzilla, then
   upgrading requires a bit more thought and effort. A discussion of the
   various methods of updating compared with degree and methods of local
   customization can be found in Section 6.3.2.

   The larger the jump you are trying to make, the more difficult it is
   going to be to upgrade if you have made local customizations. Upgrading
   from 3.0 to 3.0.1 should be fairly painless even if you are heavily
   customized, but going from 2.18 to 3.0 is going to mean a fair bit of
   work re-writing your local changes to use the new files, logic,
   templates, etc. If you have done no local changes at all, however, then
   upgrading should be approximately the same amount of work regardless of
   how long it has been since your version was released.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.7.2.2. Upgrading using CVS

   This requires that you have cvs installed (most Unix machines do), and
   requires that you are able to access cvs-mirror.mozilla.org on port
   2401, which may not be an option if you are behind a highly restrictive
   firewall or don't have Internet access.

   The following shows the sequence of commands needed to update a
   Bugzilla installation via CVS, and a typical series of results.
bash$ cd /usr/local/www/bugzilla
bash$ cvs login
Logging in to :pserver:anonymous@cvs-mirror.mozilla.org:2401/cvsroot
CVS password: ('anonymous', or just leave it blank)
bash$ cvs -q update -r BUGZILLA-2_22_1 -dP
P checksetup.pl
P collectstats.pl
P docs/rel_notes.txt
P template/en/default/list/quips.html.tmpl
(etc.)

   Caution

   If a line in the output from cvs update begins with a C, then that
   represents a file with local changes that CVS was unable to properly
   merge. You need to resolve these conflicts manually before Bugzilla (or
   at least the portion using that file) will be usable.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.7.2.3. Upgrading using the tarball

   If you are unable (or unwilling) to use CVS, another option that's
   always available is to obtain the latest tarball from the Download Page
   and create a new Bugzilla installation from that.

   This sequence of commands shows how to get the tarball from the
   command-line; it is also possible to download it from the site directly
   in a web browser. If you go that route, save the file to the
   /var/www/html directory (or its equivalent, if you use something else)
   and omit the first three lines of the example.
bash$ cd /var/www/html
bash$ wget http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/webtools/bugzilla-2.22.1.tar.
gz
(Output omitted)
bash$ tar xzvf bugzilla-2.22.1.tar.gz
bugzilla-2.22.1/
bugzilla-2.22.1/.cvsignore
(Output truncated)
bash$ cd bugzilla-2.22.1
bash$ cp ../bugzilla/localconfig* .
bash$ cp -r ../bugzilla/data .
bash$ cd ..
bash$ mv bugzilla bugzilla.old
bash$ mv bugzilla-2.22.1 bugzilla

   Warning

   The cp commands both end with periods which is a very important
   detail--it means that the destination directory is the current working
   directory.

   This upgrade method will give you a clean install of Bugzilla. That's
   fine if you don't have any local customizations that you want to
   maintain. If you do have customizations, then you will need to reapply
   them by hand to the appropriate files.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.7.2.4. Upgrading using patches

   A patch is a collection of all the bug fixes that have been made since
   the last bug-fix release.

   If you are doing a bug-fix upgrade—that is, one where only the last
   number of the revision changes, such as from 2.22 to 2.22.1—then you
   have the option of obtaining and applying a patch file from the
   Download Page.

   As above, this example starts with obtaining the file via the command
   line. If you have already downloaded it, you can omit the first two
   commands.
bash$ cd /usr/local/www/bugzilla
bash$ wget http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/webtools/bugzilla-2.22-to-2.2
2.1.diff.gz
(Output omitted)
bash$ gunzip bugzilla-2.22-to-2.22.1.diff.gz
bash$ patch -p1 < bugzilla-2.22-to-2.22.1.diff
patching file checksetup.pl
patching file collectstats.pl
(etc.)

   Warning

   Be aware that upgrading from a patch file does not change the entries
   in your CVS directory. This could make it more difficult to upgrade
   using CVS (Section 2.7.2.2) in the future.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.7.3. Completing Your Upgrade

   Now that you have the new Bugzilla code, there are a few final steps to
   complete your upgrade.

    1. If your new Bugzilla installation is in a different directory or on
       a different machine than your old Bugzilla installation, make sure
       that you have copied the data directory and the localconfig file
       from your old Bugzilla installation. (If you followed the tarball
       instructions above, this has already happened.)
    2. If this is a major update, check that the configuration (Section
       2.2) for your new Bugzilla is up-to-date. Sometimes the
       configuration requirements change between major versions.
    3. If you didn't do it as part of the above configuration step, now
       you need to run checksetup.pl, which will do everything required to
       convert your existing database and settings for the new version:

bash$ cd /usr/local/www/bugzilla
bash$ ./checksetup.pl

       Warning

   The period at the beginning of the command ./checksetup.pl is important
   and can not be omitted.

   Caution

   If this is a major upgrade (say, 2.22 to 3.0 or similar), running
   checksetup.pl on a large installation (75,000 or more bugs) can take a
   long time, possibly several hours.
    4. Clear any HTML or text that you put into the shutdownhtml
       parameter, to re-activate Bugzilla.
    5. View the Sanity Check (Section 3.16) page in your upgraded
       Bugzilla.
       It is recommended that, if possible, you fix any problems you see,
       immediately. Failure to do this may mean that Bugzilla will not
       work correctly. Be aware that if the sanity check page contains
       more errors after an upgrade, it doesn't necessarily mean there are
       more errors in your database than there were before, as additional
       tests are added to the sanity check over time, and it is possible
       that those errors weren't being checked for in the old version.
     __________________________________________________________________

2.7.4. Automatic Notifications of New Releases

   Bugzilla 3.0 introduced the ability to automatically notify
   administrators when new releases are available, based on the
   upgrade_notification parameter, see Section 3.1. Administrators will
   see these notifications when they access the index.cgi page, i.e.
   generally when logging in. Bugzilla will check once per day for new
   releases, unless the parameter is set to "disabled". If you are behind
   a proxy, you may have to set the proxy_url parameter accordingly. If
   the proxy requires authentication, use the http://user:pass@proxy_url/
   syntax.
     __________________________________________________________________

Chapter 3. Administering Bugzilla

3.1. Bugzilla Configuration

   Bugzilla is configured by changing various parameters, accessed from
   the "Parameters" link in the Administration page (the Administration
   page can be found by clicking the "Administration" link in the footer).
   The parameters are divided into several categories, accessed via the
   menu on the left. Following is a description of the different
   categories and important parameters within those categories.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.1.1. Required Settings

   The core required parameters for any Bugzilla installation are set
   here. These parameters must be set before a new Bugzilla installation
   can be used. Administrators should review this list before deploying a
   new Bugzilla installation.

   maintainer
          Email address of the person responsible for maintaining this
          Bugzilla installation. The address need not be that of a valid
          Bugzilla account.

   urlbase
          Defines the fully qualified domain name and web server path to
          this Bugzilla installation.

          For example, if the Bugzilla query page is
          http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/query.cgi, the "urlbase" should be
          set to http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/.

   docs_urlbase
          Defines path to the Bugzilla documentation. This can be a fully
          qualified domain name, or a path relative to "urlbase".

          For example, if the "Bugzilla Configuration" page of the
          documentation is
          http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/docs/html/parameters.html, set the
          "docs_urlbase" to http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/docs/html/.

   sslbase
          Defines the fully qualified domain name and web server path for
          HTTPS (SSL) connections to this Bugzilla installation.

          For example, if the Bugzilla main page is
          https://www.foo.com/bugzilla/index.cgi, the "sslbase" should be
          set to https://www.foo.com/bugzilla/.

   ssl_redirect
          If enabled, Bugzilla will force HTTPS (SSL) connections, by
          automatically redirecting any users who try to use a non-SSL
          connection.

   cookiedomain
          Defines the domain for Bugzilla cookies. This is typically left
          blank. If there are multiple hostnames that point to the same
          webserver, which require the same cookie, then this parameter
          can be utilized. For example, If your website is at
          https://www.foo.com/, setting this to .foo.com/ will also allow
          bar.foo.com/ to access Bugzilla cookies.

   cookiepath
          Defines a path, relative to the web server root, that Bugzilla
          cookies will be restricted to. For example, if the urlbase is
          set to http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/, the cookiepath should be
          set to /bugzilla/. Setting it to "/" will allow all sites served
          by this web server or virtual host to read Bugzilla cookies.

   utf8
          Determines whether to use UTF-8 (Unicode) encoding for all text
          in Bugzilla. New installations should set this to true to avoid
          character encoding problems. Existing databases should set this
          to true only after the data has been converted from existing
          legacy character encoding to UTF-8, using the contrib/recode.pl
          script.

          Note

   If you turn this parameter from "off" to "on", you must re-run
   checksetup.pl immediately afterward.

   shutdownhtml
          If there is any text in this field, this Bugzilla installation
          will be completely disabled and this text will appear instead of
          all Bugzilla pages for all users, including Admins. Used in the
          event of site maintenance or outage situations.

   Note

   Although regular log-in capability is disabled while shutdownhtml is
   enabled, safeguards are in place to protect the unfortunate admin who
   loses connection to Bugzilla. Should this happen to you, go directly to
   the editparams.cgi (by typing the URL in manually, if necessary). Doing
   this will prompt you to log in, and your name/password will be accepted
   here (but nowhere else).

   announcehtml
          Any text in this field will be displayed at the top of every
          HTML page in this Bugzilla installation. The text is not wrapped
          in any tags. For best results, wrap the text in a "<div>" tag.
          Any style attributes from the CSS can be applied. For example,
          to make the text green inside of a red box, add "id=message" to
          the "<div>" tag.

   proxy_url
          If this Bugzilla installation is behind a proxy, enter the proxy
          information here to enable Bugzilla to access the Internet.
          Bugzilla requires Internet access to utilize the
          upgrade_notification parameter (below). If the proxy requires
          authentication, use the syntax: http://user:pass@proxy_url/.

   upgrade_notification
          Enable or disable a notification on the homepage of this
          Bugzilla installation when a newer version of Bugzilla is
          available. This notification is only visible to administrators.
          Choose "disabled", to turn off the notification. Otherwise,
          choose which version of Bugzilla you want to be notified about:
          "development_snapshot" is the latest release on the trunk;
          "latest_stable_release" is the most recent release available on
          the most recent stable branch; "stable_branch_release" the most
          recent release on the branch this installation is based on.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.1.2. Administrative Policies

   This page contains parameters for basic administrative functions.
   Options include whether to allow the deletion of bugs and users, and
   whether to allow users to change their email address.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.1.3. User Authentication

   This page contains the settings that control how this Bugzilla
   installation will do its authentication. Choose what authentication
   mechanism to use (the Bugzilla database, or an external source such as
   LDAP), and set basic behavioral parameters. For example, choose whether
   to require users to login to browse bugs, the management of
   authentication cookies, and the regular expression used to validate
   email addresses. Some parameters are highlighted below.

   emailregexp
          Defines the regular expression used to validate email addresses
          used for login names. The default attempts to match fully
          qualified email addresses (i.e. 'user@example.com'). Some
          Bugzilla installations allow only local user names (i.e 'user'
          instead of 'user@example.com'). In that case, the emailsuffix
          parameter should be used to define the email domain.

   emailsuffix
          This string is appended to login names when actually sending
          email to a user. For example, If emailregexp has been set to
          allow local usernames, then this parameter would contain the
          email domain for all users (i.e. '@example.com').
     __________________________________________________________________

3.1.4. Attachments

   This page allows for setting restrictions and other parameters
   regarding attachments to bugs. For example, control size limitations
   and whether to allow pointing to external files via a URI.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.1.5. Bug Change Policies

   Set policy on default behavior for bug change events. For example,
   choose which status to set a bug to when it is marked as a duplicate,
   and choose whether to allow bug reporters to set the priority or target
   milestone. Also allows for configuration of what changes should require
   the user to make a comment, described below.

   commenton*
          All these fields allow you to dictate what changes can pass
          without comment, and which must have a comment from the person
          who changed them. Often, administrators will allow users to add
          themselves to the CC list, accept bugs, or change the Status
          Whiteboard without adding a comment as to their reasons for the
          change, yet require that most other changes come with an
          explanation.

          Set the "commenton" options according to your site policy. It is
          a wise idea to require comments when users resolve, reassign, or
          reopen bugs at the very least.

   Note

   It is generally far better to require a developer comment when
   resolving bugs than not. Few things are more annoying to bug database
   users than having a developer mark a bug "fixed" without any comment as
   to what the fix was (or even that it was truly fixed!)

   noresolveonopenblockers
          This option will prevent users from resolving bugs as FIXED if
          they have unresolved dependencies. Only the FIXED resolution is
          affected. Users will be still able to resolve bugs to
          resolutions other than FIXED if they have unresolved dependent
          bugs.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.1.6. Bug Fields

   The parameters in this section determine the default settings of
   several Bugzilla fields for new bugs, and also control whether certain
   fields are used. For example, choose whether to use the "target
   milestone" field or the "status whiteboard" field.

   useqacontact
          This allows you to define an email address for each component,
          in addition to that of the default assignee, who will be sent
          carbon copies of incoming bugs.

   usestatuswhiteboard
          This defines whether you wish to have a free-form, overwritable
          field associated with each bug. The advantage of the Status
          Whiteboard is that it can be deleted or modified with ease, and
          provides an easily-searchable field for indexing some bugs that
          have some trait in common.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.1.7. Bug Moving

   This page controls whether this Bugzilla installation allows certain
   users to move bugs to an external database. If bug moving is enabled,
   there are a number of parameters that control bug moving behaviors. For
   example, choose which users are allowed to move bugs, the location of
   the external database, and the default product and component that bugs
   moved from other bug databases to this Bugzilla installation are
   assigned to.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.1.8. Dependency Graphs

   This page has one parameter that sets the location of a Web Dot server,
   or of the Web Dot binary on the local system, that is used to generate
   dependency graphs. Web Dot is a CGI program that creates images from
   .dot graphic description files. If no Web Dot server or binary is
   specified, then dependency graphs will be disabled.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.1.9. Group Security

   Bugzilla allows for the creation of different groups, with the ability
   to restrict the visibility of bugs in a group to a set of specific
   users. Specific products can also be associated with groups, and users
   restricted to only see products in their groups. Several parameters are
   described in more detail below. Most of the configuration of groups and
   their relationship to products is done on the "Groups" and "Product"
   pages of the "Administration" area. The options on this page control
   global default behavior. For more information on Groups and Group
   Security, see Section 3.15

   makeproductgroups
          Determines whether or not to automatically create groups when
          new products are created. If this is on, the groups will be used
          for querying bugs.

   usevisibilitygroups
          If selected, user visibility will be restricted to members of
          groups, as selected in the group configuration settings. Each
          user-defined group can be allowed to see members of selected
          other groups. For details on configuring groups (including the
          visibility restrictions) see Section 3.15.2.

   querysharegroup
          The name of the group of users who are allowed to share saved
          searches with one another. For more information on using saved
          searches, see Saved Searches.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.1.10. LDAP Authentication

   LDAP authentication is a module for Bugzilla's plugin authentication
   architecture. This page contains all the parameters necessary to
   configure Bugzilla for use with LDAP authentication.

   The existing authentication scheme for Bugzilla uses email addresses as
   the primary user ID, and a password to authenticate that user. All
   places within Bugzilla that require a user ID (e.g assigning a bug) use
   the email address. The LDAP authentication builds on top of this
   scheme, rather than replacing it. The initial log-in is done with a
   username and password for the LDAP directory. Bugzilla tries to bind to
   LDAP using those credentials and, if successful, tries to map this
   account to a Bugzilla account. If an LDAP mail attribute is defined,
   the value of this attribute is used, otherwise the "emailsuffix"
   parameter is appended to LDAP username to form a full email address. If
   an account for this address already exists in the Bugzilla
   installation, it will log in to that account. If no account for that
   email address exists, one is created at the time of login. (In this
   case, Bugzilla will attempt to use the "displayName" or "cn" attribute
   to determine the user's full name.) After authentication, all other
   user-related tasks are still handled by email address, not LDAP
   username. For example, bugs are still assigned by email address and
   users are still queried by email address.

   Caution

   Because the Bugzilla account is not created until the first time a user
   logs in, a user who has not yet logged is unknown to Bugzilla. This
   means they cannot be used as an assignee or QA contact (default or
   otherwise), added to any CC list, or any other such operation. One
   possible workaround is the bugzilla_ldapsync.rb script in the contrib
   directory. Another possible solution is fixing bug 201069.

   Parameters required to use LDAP Authentication:

   user_verify_class
          If you want to list "LDAP" here, make sure to have set up the
          other parameters listed below. Unless you have other (working)
          authentication methods listed as well, you may otherwise not be
          able to log back in to Bugzilla once you log out. If this
          happens to you, you will need to manually edit data/params and
          set user_verify_class to "DB".

   LDAPserver
          This parameter should be set to the name (and optionally the
          port) of your LDAP server. If no port is specified, it assumes
          the default LDAP port of 389.

          For example: "ldap.company.com" or "ldap.company.com:3268"

          You can also specify a LDAP URI, so as to use other protocols,
          such as LDAPS or LDAPI. If port was not specified in the URI,
          the default is either 389 or 636 for 'LDAP' and 'LDAPS' schemes
          respectively.

          Tip

   In order to use SSL with LDAP, specify a URI with "ldaps://". This will
   force the use of SSL over port 636.

          For example, normal LDAP: "ldap://ldap.company.com", LDAP over
          SSL: "ldaps://ldap.company.com" or LDAP over a UNIX domain
          socket "ldapi://%2fvar%2flib%2fldap_sock".

   LDAPbinddn [Optional]
          Some LDAP servers will not allow an anonymous bind to search the
          directory. If this is the case with your configuration you
          should set the LDAPbinddn parameter to the user account Bugzilla
          should use instead of the anonymous bind.

          Ex. "cn=default,cn=user:password"

   LDAPBaseDN
          The LDAPBaseDN parameter should be set to the location in your
          LDAP tree that you would like to search for email addresses.
          Your uids should be unique under the DN specified here.

          Ex. "ou=People,o=Company"

   LDAPuidattribute
          The LDAPuidattribute parameter should be set to the attribute
          which contains the unique UID of your users. The value retrieved
          from this attribute will be used when attempting to bind as the
          user to confirm their password.

          Ex. "uid"

   LDAPmailattribute
          The LDAPmailattribute parameter should be the name of the
          attribute which contains the email address your users will enter
          into the Bugzilla login boxes.

          Ex. "mail"
     __________________________________________________________________

3.1.11. RADIUS Authentication

   RADIUS authentication is a module for Bugzilla's plugin authentication
   architecture. This page contains all the parameters necessary for
   configuring Bugzilla to use RADIUS authentication.

   Note

   Most caveats that apply to LDAP authentication apply to RADIUS
   authentication as well. See Section 3.1.10 for details.

   Parameters required to use RADIUS Authentication:

   user_verify_class
          If you want to list "RADIUS" here, make sure to have set up the
          other parameters listed below. Unless you have other (working)
          authentication methods listed as well, you may otherwise not be
          able to log back in to Bugzilla once you log out. If this
          happens to you, you will need to manually edit data/params and
          set user_verify_class to "DB".

   RADIUS_server
          This parameter should be set to the name (and optionally the
          port) of your RADIUS server.

   RADIUS_secret
          This parameter should be set to the RADIUS server's secret.

   RADIUS_email_suffix
          Bugzilla needs an e-mail address for each user account.
          Therefore, it needs to determine the e-mail address
          corresponding to a RADIUS user. Bugzilla offers only a simple
          way to do this: it can concatenate a suffix to the RADIUS user
          name to convert it into an e-mail address. You can specify this
          suffix in the RADIUS_email_suffix parameter.

          If this simple solution does not work for you, you'll probably
          need to modify Bugzilla/Auth/Verify/RADIUS.pm to match your
          requirements.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.1.12. Email

   This page contains all of the parameters for configuring how Bugzilla
   deals with the email notifications it sends. See below for a summary of
   important options.

   mail_delivery_method
          This is used to specify how email is sent, or if it is sent at
          all. There are several options included for different MTAs,
          along with two additional options that disable email sending.
          "Test" does not send mail, but instead saves it in
          data/mailer.testfile for later review. "None" disables email
          sending entirely.

   mailfrom
          This is the email address that will appear in the "From" field
          of all emails sent by this Bugzilla installation. Some email
          servers require mail to be from a valid email address, therefore
          it is recommended to choose a valid email address here.

   sendmailnow
          When Bugzilla is using Sendmail older than 8.12, turning this
          option off will improve performance by not waiting for Sendmail
          to actually send mail. If Sendmail 8.12 or later is being used,
          there is nothing to gain by turning this off. If another MTA is
          being used, such as Postfix, then this option *must* be turned
          on (even if you are using the fake sendmail executable that
          Postfix provides).

   smtpserver
          This is the SMTP server address, if the "mail_delivery_method"
          parameter is set to SMTP. Use "localhost" if you have a local
          MTA running, otherwise use a remote SMTP server. Append ":" and
          the port number, if a non-default port is needed.

   smtp_username
          Username to use for SASL authentication to the SMTP server.
          Leave this parameter empty if your server does not require
          authentication.

   smtp_password
          Password to use for SASL authentication to the SMTP server. This
          parameter will be ignored if the "smtp_username" parameter is
          left empty.

   smtp_ssl
          Enable SSL support for connection to the SMTP server.

   smtp_debug
          This parameter allows you to enable detailed debugging output.
          Log messages are printed the web server's error log.

   whinedays
          Set this to the number of days you want to let bugs go in the
          NEW or REOPENED state before notifying people they have
          untouched new bugs. If you do not plan to use this feature,
          simply do not set up the whining cron job described in the
          installation instructions, or set this value to "0" (never
          whine).

   globalwatcher
          This allows you to define specific users who will receive
          notification each time a new bug in entered, or when an existing
          bug changes, according to the normal groupset permissions. It
          may be useful for sending notifications to a mailing-list, for
          instance.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.1.13. Patch Viewer

   This page contains configuration parameters for the CVS server, Bonsai
   server and LXR server that Bugzilla will use to enable the features of
   the Patch Viewer. Bonsai is a tool that enables queries to a CVS tree.
   LXR is a tool that can cross reference and index source code.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.1.14. Query Defaults

   This page controls the default behavior of Bugzilla in regards to
   several aspects of querying bugs. Options include what the default
   query options are, what the "My Bugs" page returns, whether users can
   freely add bugs to the quip list, and how many duplicate bugs are
   needed to add a bug to the "most frequently reported" list.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.1.15. Shadow Database

   This page controls whether a shadow database is used, and all the
   parameters associated with the shadow database. Versions of Bugzilla
   prior to 3.2 used the MyISAM table type, which supports only
   table-level write locking. With MyISAM, any time someone is making a
   change to a bug, the entire table is locked until the write operation
   is complete. Locking for write also blocks reads until the write is
   complete.

   The "shadowdb" parameter was designed to get around this limitation.
   While only a single user is allowed to write to a table at a time,
   reads can continue unimpeded on a read-only shadow copy of the
   database.

   Note

   As of version 3.2, Bugzilla no longer uses the MyISAM table type.
   Instead, InnoDB is used, which can do transaction-based locking.
   Therefore, the limitations the Shadow Database feature was designed to
   workaround no longer exist.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.1.16. User Matching

   The settings on this page control how users are selected and queried
   when adding a user to a bug. For example, users need to be selected
   when choosing who the bug is assigned to, adding to the CC list or
   selecting a QA contact. With the "usemenuforusers" parameter, it is
   possible to configure Bugzilla to display a list of users in the fields
   instead of an empty text field. This should only be used in Bugzilla
   installations with a small number of users. If users are selected via a
   text box, this page also contains parameters for how user names can be
   queried and matched when entered.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.2. User Administration

3.2.1. Creating the Default User

   When you first run checksetup.pl after installing Bugzilla, it will
   prompt you for the administrative username (email address) and password
   for this "super user". If for some reason you delete the "super user"
   account, re-running checksetup.pl will again prompt you for this
   username and password.

   Tip

   If you wish to add more administrative users, add them to the "admin"
   group and, optionally, edit the tweakparams, editusers, creategroups,
   editcomponents, and editkeywords groups to add the entire admin group
   to those groups (which is the case by default).
     __________________________________________________________________

3.2.2. Managing Other Users

3.2.2.1. Searching for existing users

   If you have "editusers" privileges or if you are allowed to grant
   privileges for some groups, the "Users" link will appear in the
   Administration page.

   The first screen is a search form to search for existing user accounts.
   You can run searches based either on the user ID, real name or login
   name (i.e. the email address, or just the first part of the email
   address if the "emailsuffix" parameter is set). The search can be
   conducted in different ways using the listbox to the right of the text
   entry box. You can match by case-insensitive substring (the default),
   regular expression, a reverse regular expression match (which finds
   every user name which does NOT match the regular expression), or the
   exact string if you know exactly who you are looking for. The search
   can be restricted to users who are in a specific group. By default, the
   restriction is turned off.

   The search returns a list of users matching your criteria. User
   properties can be edited by clicking the login name. The Account
   History of a user can be viewed by clicking the "View" link in the
   Account History column. The Account History displays changes that have
   been made to the user account, the time of the change and the user who
   made the change. For example, the Account History page will display
   details of when a user was added or removed from a group.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.2.2.2. Creating new users

3.2.2.2.1. Self-registration

   By default, users can create their own user accounts by clicking the
   "New Account" link at the bottom of each page (assuming they aren't
   logged in as someone else already). If you want to disable this
   self-registration, or if you want to restrict who can create his own
   user account, you have to edit the "createemailregexp" parameter in the
   "Configuration" page, see Section 3.1.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.2.2.2.2. Accounts created by an administrator

   Users with "editusers" privileges, such as administrators, can create
   user accounts for other users:

    1. After logging in, click the "Users" link at the footer of the query
       page, and then click "Add a new user".
    2. Fill out the form presented. This page is self-explanatory. When
       done, click "Submit".

   Note

   Adding a user this way will not send an email informing them of their
   username and password. While useful for creating dummy accounts
   (watchers which shuttle mail to another system, for instance, or email
   addresses which are a mailing list), in general it is preferable to log
   out and use the "New Account" button to create users, as it will
   pre-populate all the required fields and also notify the user of her
   account name and password.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.2.2.3. Modifying Users

   Once you have found your user, you can change the following fields:

     * Login Name: This is generally the user's full email address.
       However, if you have are using the "emailsuffix" parameter, this
       may just be the user's login name. Note that users can now change
       their login names themselves (to any valid email address).
     * Real Name: The user's real name. Note that Bugzilla does not
       require this to create an account.
     * Password: You can change the user's password here. Users can
       automatically request a new password, so you shouldn't need to do
       this often. If you want to disable an account, see Disable Text
       below.
     * Bugmail Disabled: Mark this checkbox to disable bugmail and
       whinemail completely for this account. This checkbox replaces the
       data/nomail file which existed in older versions of Bugzilla.
     * Disable Text: If you type anything in this box, including just a
       space, the user is prevented from logging in, or making any changes
       to bugs via the web interface. The HTML you type in this box is
       presented to the user when they attempt to perform these actions,
       and should explain why the account was disabled.
       Users with disabled accounts will continue to receive mail from
       Bugzilla; furthermore, they will not be able to log in themselves
       to change their own preferences and stop it. If you want an account
       (disabled or active) to stop receiving mail, simply check the
       "Bugmail Disabled" checkbox above.

   Note

   Even users whose accounts have been disabled can still submit bugs via
   the e-mail gateway, if one exists. The e-mail gateway should not be
   enabled for secure installations of Bugzilla.

       Warning

   Don't disable all the administrator accounts!
     * <groupname>: If you have created some groups, e.g.
       "securitysensitive", then checkboxes will appear here to allow you
       to add users to, or remove them from, these groups. The first
       checkbox gives the user the ability to add and remove other users
       as members of this group. The second checkbox adds the user himself
       as a member of the group.
     * canconfirm: This field is only used if you have enabled the
       "unconfirmed" status. If you enable this for a user, that user can
       then move bugs from "Unconfirmed" to a "Confirmed" status (e.g.:
       "New" status).
     * creategroups: This option will allow a user to create and destroy
       groups in Bugzilla.
     * editbugs: Unless a user has this bit set, they can only edit those
       bugs for which they are the assignee or the reporter. Even if this
       option is unchecked, users can still add comments to bugs.
     * editcomponents: This flag allows a user to create new products and
       components, as well as modify and destroy those that have no bugs
       associated with them. If a product or component has bugs associated
       with it, those bugs must be moved to a different product or
       component before Bugzilla will allow them to be destroyed.
     * editkeywords: If you use Bugzilla's keyword functionality, enabling
       this feature allows a user to create and destroy keywords. As
       always, the keywords for existing bugs containing the keyword the
       user wishes to destroy must be changed before Bugzilla will allow
       it to die.
     * editusers: This flag allows a user to do what you're doing right
       now: edit other users. This will allow those with the right to do
       so to remove administrator privileges from other users or grant
       them to themselves. Enable with care.
     * tweakparams: This flag allows a user to change Bugzilla's Params
       (using editparams.cgi.)
     * <productname>: This allows an administrator to specify the products
       in which a user can see bugs. If you turn on the
       "makeproductgroups" parameter in the Group Security Panel in the
       Parameters page, then Bugzilla creates one group per product (at
       the time you create the product), and this group has exactly the
       same name as the product itself. Note that for products that
       already exist when the parameter is turned on, the corresponding
       group will not be created. The user must still have the "editbugs"
       privilege to edit bugs in these products.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.2.2.4. Deleting Users

   If the "allowuserdeletion" parameter is turned on, see Section 3.1,
   then you can also delete user accounts. Note that this is most of the
   time not the best thing to do. If only a warning in a yellow box is
   displayed, then the deletion is safe. If a warning is also displayed in
   a red box, then you should NOT try to delete the user account, else you
   will get referential integrity problems in your database, which can
   lead to unexpected behavior, such as bugs not appearing in bug lists
   anymore, or data displaying incorrectly. You have been warned!
     __________________________________________________________________

3.2.2.5. Impersonating Users

   There may be times when an administrator would like to do something as
   another user. The sudo feature may be used to do this.

   Note

   To use the sudo feature, you must be in the bz_sudoers group. By
   default, all administrators are in this group.

   If you have access to this feature, you may start a session by going to
   the Edit Users page, Searching for a user and clicking on their login.
   You should see a link below their login name titled "Impersonate this
   user". Click on the link. This will take you to a page where you will
   see a description of the feature and instructions for using it. After
   reading the text, simply enter the login of the user you would like to
   impersonate, provide a short message explaining why you are doing this,
   and press the button.

   As long as you are using this feature, everything you do will be done
   as if you were logged in as the user you are impersonating.

   Warning

   The user you are impersonating will not be told about what you are
   doing. If you do anything that results in mail being sent, that mail
   will appear to be from the user you are impersonating. You should be
   extremely careful while using this feature.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.3. Classifications

   Classifications tend to be used in order to group several related
   products into one distinct entity.

   The classifications layer is disabled by default; it can be turned on
   or off using the useclassification parameter, in the Bug Fields section
   of the edit parameters screen.

   Access to the administration of classifications is controlled using the
   editclassifications system group, which defines a privilege for
   creating, destroying, and editing classifications.

   When activated, classifications will introduce an additional step when
   filling bugs (dedicated to classification selection), and they will
   also appear in the advanced search form.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.4. Products

   Products typically represent real-world shipping products. Products can
   be given Classifications. For example, if a company makes computer
   games, they could have a classification of "Games", and a separate
   product for each game. This company might also have a "Common" product
   for units of technology used in multiple games, and perhaps a few
   special products that represent items that are not actually shipping
   products (for example, "Website", or "Administration").

   Many of Bugzilla's settings are configurable on a per-product basis.
   The number of "votes" available to users is set per-product, as is the
   number of votes required to move a bug automatically from the
   UNCONFIRMED status to the NEW status.

   When creating or editing products the following options are available:

   Product
          The name of the product

   Description
          A brief description of the product

   Default milestone
          Select the default milestone for this product.

   Closed for bug entry
          Select this box to prevent new bugs from being entered against
          this product.

   Maximum votes per person
          Maximum votes a user is allowed to give for this product

   Maximum votes a person can put on a single bug
          Maximum votes a user is allowed to give for this product in a
          single bug

   Confirmation threshold
          Number of votes needed to automatically remove any bug against
          this product from the UNCONFIRMED state

   Version
          Specify which version of the product bugs will be entered
          against.

   Create chart datasets for this product
          Select to make chart datasets available for this product.

   When editing a product there is also a link to edit Group Access
   Controls, see Section 3.4.4.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.4.1. Creating New Products

   To create a new product:

    1. Select "Administration" from the footer and then choose "Products"
       from the main administration page.
    2. Select the "Add" link in the bottom right.
    3. Enter the name of the product and a description. The Description
       field may contain HTML.
    4. When the product is created, Bugzilla will give a message stating
       that a component must be created before any bugs can be entered
       against the new product. Follow the link to create a new component.
       See Components for more information.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.4.2. Editing Products

   To edit an existing product, click the "Products" link from the
   "Administration" page. If the 'useclassification' parameter is turned
   on, a table of existing classifications is displayed, including an
   "Unclassified" category. The table indicates how many products are in
   each classification. Click on the classification name to see its
   products. If the 'useclassification' parameter is not in use, the table
   lists all products directly. The product table summarizes the
   information about the product defined when the product was created.
   Click on the product name to edit these properties, and to access links
   to other product attributes such as the product's components, versions,
   milestones, and group access controls.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.4.3. Adding or Editing Components, Versions and Target Milestones

   To edit existing, or add new, Components, Versions or Target Milestones
   to a Product, select the "Edit Components", "Edit Versions" or "Edit
   Milestones" links from the "Edit Product" page. A table of existing
   Components, Versions or Milestones is displayed. Click on a item name
   to edit the properties of that item. Below the table is a link to add a
   new Component, Version or Milestone.

   For more information on components, see Components.

   For more information on versions, see Section 3.6.

   For more information on milestones, see Section 3.7.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.4.4. Assigning Group Controls to Products

   On the "Edit Product" page, there is a link called "Edit Group Access
   Controls". The settings on this page control the relationship of the
   groups to the product being edited.

   Group Access Controls are an important aspect of using groups for
   isolating products and restricting access to bugs filed against those
   products. For more information on groups, including how to create, edit
   add users to, and alter permission of, see Section 3.15.

   After selecting the "Edit Group Access Controls" link from the "Edit
   Product" page, a table containing all user-defined groups for this
   Bugzilla installation is displayed. The system groups that are created
   when Bugzilla is installed are not applicable to Group Access Controls.
   Below is description of what each of these fields means.

   Groups may be applicable (e.g bugs in this product can be associated
   with this group) , default (e.g. bugs in this product are in this group
   by default), and mandatory (e.g. bugs in this product must be
   associated with this group) for each product. Groups can also control
   access to bugs for a given product, or be used to make bugs for a
   product totally read-only unless the group restrictions are met. The
   best way to understand these relationships is by example. See Section
   3.4.4.1 for examples of product and group relationships.

   Note

   Products and Groups are not limited to a one-to-one relationship.
   Multiple groups can be associated with the same product, and groups can
   be associated with more than one product.

   If any group has Entry selected, then the product will restrict bug
   entry to only those users who are members of all the groups with Entry
   selected.

   If any group has Canedit selected, then the product will be read-only
   for any users who are not members of all of the groups with Canedit
   selected. Only users who are members of all the Canedit groups will be
   able to edit bugs for this product. This is an additional restriction
   that enables finer-grained control over products rather than just
   all-or-nothing access levels.

   The following settings let you choose privileges on a per-product
   basis. This is a convenient way to give privileges to some users for
   some products only, without having to give them global privileges which
   would affect all products.

   Any group having editcomponents selected allows users who are in this
   group to edit all aspects of this product, including components,
   milestones and versions.

   Any group having canconfirm selected allows users who are in this group
   to confirm bugs in this product.

   Any group having editbugs selected allows users who are in this group
   to edit all fields of bugs in this product.

   The MemberControl and OtherControl are used in tandem to determine
   which bugs will be placed in this group. The only allowable
   combinations of these two parameters are listed in a table on the "Edit
   Group Access Controls" page. Consult this table for details on how
   these fields can be used. Examples of different uses are described
   below.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.4.4.1. Common Applications of Group Controls

   The use of groups is best explained by providing examples that
   illustrate configurations for common use cases. The examples follow a
   common syntax: Group: Entry, MemberControl, OtherControl, CanEdit,
   EditComponents, CanConfirm, EditBugs. Where "Group" is the name of the
   group being edited for this product. The other fields all correspond to
   the table on the "Edit Group Access Controls" page. If any of these
   options are not listed, it means they are not checked.

   Basic Product/Group Restriction

   Suppose there is a product called "Bar". The "Bar" product can only
   have bugs entered against it by users in the group "Foo". Additionally,
   bugs filed against product "Bar" must stay restricted to users to "Foo"
   at all times. Furthermore, only members of group "Foo" can edit bugs
   filed against product "Bar", even if other users could see the bug.
   This arrangement would achieved by the following:
Product Bar:
foo: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY, CANEDIT

   Perhaps such strict restrictions are not needed for product "Bar". A
   more lenient way to configure product "Bar" and group "Foo" would be:
Product Bar:
foo: ENTRY, SHOWN/SHOWN, EDITCOMPONENTS, CANCONFIRM, EDITBUGS

   The above indicates that for product "Bar", members of group "Foo" can
   enter bugs. Any one with permission to edit a bug against product "Bar"
   can put the bug in group "Foo", even if they themselves are not in
   "Foo". Anyone in group "Foo" can edit all aspects of the components of
   product "Bar", can confirm bugs against product "Bar", and can edit all
   fields of any bug against product "Bar".

   General User Access With Security Group

   To permit any user to file bugs against "Product A", and to permit any
   user to submit those bugs into a group called "Security":

Product A:
security: SHOWN/SHOWN

   General User Access With A Security Product

   To permit any user to file bugs against product called "Security" while
   keeping those bugs from becoming visible to anyone outside the group
   "SecurityWorkers" (unless a member of the "SecurityWorkers" group
   removes that restriction):

Product Security:
securityworkers: DEFAULT/MANDATORY

   Product Isolation With a Common Group

   To permit users of "Product A" to access the bugs for "Product A",
   users of "Product B" to access the bugs for "Product B", and support
   staff, who are members of the "Support Group" to access both, three
   groups are needed:

    1. Support Group: Contains members of the support staff.
    2. AccessA Group: Contains users of product A and the Support group.
    3. AccessB Group: Contains users of product B and the Support group.

   Once these three groups are defined, the product group controls can be
   set to:
Product A:
AccessA: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY
Product B:
AccessB: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY

   Perhaps the "Support Group" wants more control. For example, the
   "Support Group" could be permitted to make bugs inaccessible to users
   of both groups "AccessA" and "AccessB". Then, the "Support Group" could
   be permitted to publish bugs relevant to all users in a third product
   (let's call it "Product Common") that is read-only to anyone outside
   the "Support Group". In this way the "Support Group" could control bugs
   that should be seen by both groups. That configuration would be:
Product A:
AccessA: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY
Support: SHOWN/NA
Product B:
AccessB: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY
Support: SHOWN/NA
Product Common:
Support: ENTRY, DEFAULT/MANDATORY, CANEDIT

   Make a Product Read Only

   Sometimes a product is retired and should no longer have new bugs filed
   against it (for example, an older version of a software product that is
   no longer supported). A product can be made read-only by creating a
   group called "readonly" and adding products to the group as needed:
Product A:
ReadOnly: ENTRY, NA/NA, CANEDIT

   Note

   For more information on Groups outside of how they relate to products
   see Section 3.15.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.5. Components

   Components are subsections of a Product. E.g. the computer game you are
   designing may have a "UI" component, an "API" component, a "Sound
   System" component, and a "Plugins" component, each overseen by a
   different programmer. It often makes sense to divide Components in
   Bugzilla according to the natural divisions of responsibility within
   your Product or company.

   Each component has a default assignee and (if you turned it on in the
   parameters), a QA Contact. The default assignee should be the primary
   person who fixes bugs in that component. The QA Contact should be the
   person who will ensure these bugs are completely fixed. The Assignee,
   QA Contact, and Reporter will get email when new bugs are created in
   this Component and when these bugs change. Default Assignee and Default
   QA Contact fields only dictate the default assignments; these can be
   changed on bug submission, or at any later point in a bug's life.

   To create a new Component:

    1. Select the "Edit components" link from the "Edit product" page
    2. Select the "Add" link in the bottom right.
    3. Fill out the "Component" field, a short "Description", the "Default
       Assignee", "Default CC List" and "Default QA Contact" (if enabled).
       The "Component Description" field may contain a limited subset of
       HTML tags. The "Default Assignee" field must be a login name
       already existing in the Bugzilla database.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.6. Versions

   Versions are the revisions of the product, such as "Flinders 3.1",
   "Flinders 95", and "Flinders 2000". Version is not a multi-select
   field; the usual practice is to select the earliest version known to
   have the bug.

   To create and edit Versions:

    1. From the "Edit product" screen, select "Edit Versions"
    2. You will notice that the product already has the default version
       "undefined". Click the "Add" link in the bottom right.
    3. Enter the name of the Version. This field takes text only. Then
       click the "Add" button.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.7. Milestones

   Milestones are "targets" that you plan to get a bug fixed by. For
   example, you have a bug that you plan to fix for your 3.0 release, it
   would be assigned the milestone of 3.0.

   Note

   Milestone options will only appear for a Product if you turned on the
   "usetargetmilestone" parameter in the "Bug Fields" tab of the
   "Parameters" page.

   To create new Milestones, and set Default Milestones:

    1. Select "Edit milestones" from the "Edit product" page.
    2. Select "Add" in the bottom right corner.
    3. Enter the name of the Milestone in the "Milestone" field. You can
       optionally set the "sortkey", which is a positive or negative
       number (-32768 to 32767) that defines where in the list this
       particular milestone appears. This is because milestones often do
       not occur in alphanumeric order For example, "Future" might be
       after "Release 1.2". Select "Add".
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8. Flags

   Flags are a way to attach a specific status to a bug or attachment,
   either "+" or "-". The meaning of these symbols depends on the text the
   flag itself, but contextually they could mean pass/fail, accept/reject,
   approved/denied, or even a simple yes/no. If your site allows
   requestable flags, then users may set a flag to "?" as a request to
   another user that they look at the bug/attachment, and set the flag to
   its correct status.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.1. A Simple Example

   A developer might want to ask their manager, "Should we fix this bug
   before we release version 2.0?" They might want to do this for a lot of
   bugs, so it would be nice to streamline the process...

   In Bugzilla, it would work this way:

    1. The Bugzilla administrator creates a flag type called "blocking2.0"
       that shows up on all bugs in your product.
       It shows up on the "Show Bug" screen as the text "blocking2.0" with
       a drop-down box next to it. The drop-down box contains four values:
       an empty space, "?", "-", and "+".
    2. The developer sets the flag to "?".
    3. The manager sees the blocking2.0 flag with a "?" value.
    4. If the manager thinks the feature should go into the product before
       version 2.0 can be released, he sets the flag to "+". Otherwise, he
       sets it to "-".
    5. Now, every Bugzilla user who looks at the bug knows whether or not
       the bug needs to be fixed before release of version 2.0.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.2. About Flags

3.8.2.1. Values

   Flags can have three values:

   ?
          A user is requesting that a status be set. (Think of it as 'A
          question is being asked'.)

   -
          The status has been set negatively. (The question has been
          answered "no".)

   +
          The status has been set positively. (The question has been
          answered "yes".)

   Actually, there's a fourth value a flag can have -- "unset" -- which
   shows up as a blank space. This just means that nobody has expressed an
   opinion (or asked someone else to express an opinion) about this bug or
   attachment.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.3. Using flag requests

   If a flag has been defined as 'requestable', and a user has enough
   privileges to request it (see below), the user can set the flag's
   status to "?". This status indicates that someone (a.k.a. "the
   requester") is asking someone else to set the flag to either "+" or
   "-".

   If a flag has been defined as 'specifically requestable', a text box
   will appear next to the flag into which the requester may enter a
   Bugzilla username. That named person (a.k.a. "the requestee") will
   receive an email notifying them of the request, and pointing them to
   the bug/attachment in question.

   If a flag has not been defined as 'specifically requestable', then no
   such text-box will appear. A request to set this flag cannot be made of
   any specific individual, but must be asked "to the wind". A requester
   may "ask the wind" on any flag simply by leaving the text-box blank.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.4. Two Types of Flags

   Flags can go in two places: on an attachment, or on a bug.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.4.1. Attachment Flags

   Attachment flags are used to ask a question about a specific attachment
   on a bug.

   Many Bugzilla installations use this to request that one developer
   "review" another developer's code before they check it in. They attach
   the code to a bug report, and then set a flag on that attachment called
   "review" to review?boss@domain.com. boss@domain.com is then notified by
   email that he has to check out that attachment and approve it or deny
   it.

   For a Bugzilla user, attachment flags show up in three places:

    1. On the list of attachments in the "Show Bug" screen, you can see
       the current state of any flags that have been set to ?, +, or -.
       You can see who asked about the flag (the requester), and who is
       being asked (the requestee).
    2. When you "Edit" an attachment, you can see any settable flag, along
       with any flags that have already been set. This "Edit Attachment"
       screen is where you set flags to ?, -, +, or unset them.
    3. Requests are listed in the "Request Queue", which is accessible
       from the "My Requests" link (if you are logged in) or "Requests"
       link (if you are logged out) visible in the footer of all pages.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.4.2. Bug Flags

   Bug flags are used to set a status on the bug itself. You can see Bug
   Flags in the "Show Bug" and "Requests" screens, as described above.

   Only users with enough privileges (see below) may set flags on bugs.
   This doesn't necessarily include the assignee, reporter, or users with
   the editbugs permission.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.5. Administering Flags

   If you have the "editcomponents" permission, you can edit Flag Types
   from the main administration page. Clicking the "Flags" link will bring
   you to the "Administer Flag Types" page. Here, you can select whether
   you want to create (or edit) a Bug flag, or an Attachment flag.

   No matter which you choose, the interface is the same, so we'll just go
   over it once.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.1. Editing a Flag

   To edit a flag's properties, just click the flag's name. That will take
   you to the same form as described below (Section 3.8.5.2).
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2. Creating a Flag

   When you click on the "Create a Flag Type for..." link, you will be
   presented with a form. Here is what the fields in the form mean:
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.1. Name

   This is the name of the flag. This will be displayed to Bugzilla users
   who are looking at or setting the flag. The name may contain any valid
   Unicode characters except commas and spaces.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.2. Description

   The description describes the flag in more detail. It is visible in a
   tooltip when hovering over a flag either in the "Show Bug" or "Edit
   Attachment" pages. This field can be as long as you like, and can
   contain any character you want.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.3. Category

   Default behaviour for a newly-created flag is to appear on products and
   all components, which is why "__Any__:__Any__" is already entered in
   the "Inclusions" box. If this is not your desired behaviour, you must
   either set some exclusions (for products on which you don't want the
   flag to appear), or you must remove "__Any__:__Any__" from the
   Inclusions box and define products/components specifically for this
   flag.

   To create an Inclusion, select a Product from the top drop-down box.
   You may also select a specific component from the bottom drop-down box.
   (Setting "__Any__" for Product translates to, "all the products in this
   Bugzilla". Selecting "__Any__" in the Component field means "all
   components in the selected product.") Selections made, press "Include",
   and your Product/Component pairing will show up in the "Inclusions" box
   on the right.

   To create an Exclusion, the process is the same; select a Product from
   the top drop-down box, select a specific component if you want one, and
   press "Exclude". The Product/Component pairing will show up in the
   "Exclusions" box on the right.

   This flag will and can be set for any products/components that
   appearing in the "Inclusions" box (or which fall under the appropriate
   "__Any__"). This flag will not appear (and therefore cannot be set) on
   any products appearing in the "Exclusions" box. IMPORTANT: Exclusions
   override inclusions.

   You may select a Product without selecting a specific Component, but
   you can't select a Component without a Product, or to select a
   Component that does not belong to the named Product. If you do so,
   Bugzilla will display an error message, even if all your products have
   a component by that name.

   Example: Let's say you have a product called "Jet Plane" that has
   thousands of components. You want to be able to ask if a problem should
   be fixed in the next model of plane you release. We'll call the flag
   "fixInNext". But, there's one component in "Jet Plane," called "Pilot."
   It doesn't make sense to release a new pilot, so you don't want to have
   the flag show up in that component. So, you include "Jet Plane:__Any__"
   and you exclude "Jet Plane:Pilot".
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.4. Sort Key

   Flags normally show up in alphabetical order. If you want them to show
   up in a different order, you can use this key set the order on each
   flag. Flags with a lower sort key will appear before flags with a
   higher sort key. Flags that have the same sort key will be sorted
   alphabetically, but they will still be after flags with a lower sort
   key, and before flags with a higher sort key.

   Example: I have AFlag (Sort Key 100), BFlag (Sort Key 10), CFlag (Sort
   Key 10), and DFlag (Sort Key 1). These show up in the order: DFlag,
   BFlag, CFlag, AFlag.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.5. Active

   Sometimes, you might want to keep old flag information in the Bugzilla
   database, but stop users from setting any new flags of this type. To do
   this, uncheck "active". Deactivated flags will still show up in the UI
   if they are ?, +, or -, but they may only be cleared (unset), and
   cannot be changed to a new value. Once a deactivated flag is cleared,
   it will completely disappear from a bug/attachment, and cannot be set
   again.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.6. Requestable

   New flags are, by default, "requestable", meaning that they offer users
   the "?" option, as well as "+" and "-". To remove the ? option, uncheck
   "requestable".
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.7. Specifically Requestable

   By default this box is checked for new flags, meaning that users may
   make flag requests of specific individuals. Unchecking this box will
   remove the text box next to a flag; if it is still requestable, then
   requests may only be made "to the wind." Removing this after specific
   requests have been made will not remove those requests; that data will
   stay in the database (though it will no longer appear to the user).
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.8. Multiplicable

   Any flag with "Multiplicable" set (default for new flags is 'on') may
   be set more than once. After being set once, an unset flag of the same
   type will appear below it with "addl." (short for "additional") before
   the name. There is no limit to the number of times a Multiplicable
   flags may be set on the same bug/attachment.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.9. CC List

   If you want certain users to be notified every time this flag is set to
   ?, -, +, or unset, add them here. This is a comma-separated list of
   email addresses that need not be restricted to Bugzilla usernames.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.10. Grant Group

   When this field is set to some given group, only users in the group can
   set the flag to "+" and "-". This field does not affect who can request
   or cancel the flag. For that, see the "Request Group" field below. If
   this field is left blank, all users can set or delete this flag. This
   field is useful for restricting which users can approve or reject
   requests.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.11. Request Group

   When this field is set to some given group, only users in the group can
   request or cancel this flag. Note that this field has no effect if the
   "grant group" field is empty. You can set the value of this field to a
   different group, but both fields have to be set to a group for this
   field to have an effect.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.3. Deleting a Flag

   When you are at the "Administer Flag Types" screen, you will be
   presented with a list of Bug flags and a list of Attachment Flags.

   To delete a flag, click on the "Delete" link next to the flag
   description.

   Warning

   Once you delete a flag, it is gone from your Bugzilla. All the data for
   that flag will be deleted. Everywhere that flag was set, it will
   disappear, and you cannot get that data back. If you want to keep flag
   data, but don't want anybody to set any new flags or change current
   flags, unset "active" in the flag Edit form.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.9. Keywords

   The administrator can define keywords which can be used to tag and
   categorise bugs. For example, the keyword "regression" is commonly
   used. A company might have a policy stating all regressions must be
   fixed by the next release - this keyword can make tracking those bugs
   much easier.

   Keywords are global, rather than per-product. If the administrator
   changes a keyword currently applied to any bugs, the keyword cache must
   be rebuilt using the Section 3.16 script. Currently keywords can not be
   marked obsolete to prevent future usage.

   Keywords can be created, edited or deleted by clicking the "Keywords"
   link in the admin page. There are two fields for each keyword - the
   keyword itself and a brief description. Once created, keywords can be
   selected and applied to individual bugs in that bug's "Details"
   section.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.10. Custom Fields

   The release of Bugzilla 3.0 added the ability to create Custom Fields.
   Custom Fields are treated like any other field - they can be set in
   bugs and used for search queries. Administrators should keep in mind
   that adding too many fields can make the user interface more
   complicated and harder to use. Custom Fields should be added only when
   necessary and with careful consideration.

   Tip

   Before adding a Custom Field, make sure that Bugzilla can not already
   do the desired behavior. Many Bugzilla options are not enabled by
   default, and many times Administrators find that simply enabling
   certain options that already exist is sufficient.

   Administrators can manage Custom Fields using the "Custom Fields" link
   on the Administration page. The Custom Fields administration page
   displays a list of Custom Fields, if any exist, and a link to "Add a
   new custom field".
     __________________________________________________________________

3.10.1. Adding Custom Fields

   To add a new Custom Field, click the "Add a new custom field" link.
   This page displays several options for the new field, described below.

   The following attributes must be set for each new custom field:

     * Name: The name of the field in the database, used internally. This
       name MUST begin with "cf_" to prevent confusion with standard
       fields. If this string is omitted, it will be automatically added
       to the name entered.
     * Description: A brief string which is used as the label for this
       Custom Field. That is the string that users will see, and should be
       short and explicit.
     * Type: The type of field to create. There are several types
       available:

   Bug ID: A field where you can enter the ID of another bug from the same
   Bugzilla installation. To point to a bug in a remote installation, use
   the See Also field instead.
       Large Text Box: A multiple line box for entering free text.
       Free Text: A single line box for entering free text.
   Multiple-Selection Box: A list box where multiple options can be
   selected. After creating this field, it must be edited to add the
   selection options. See Section 3.11.1 for information about editing
   legal values.
   Drop Down: A list box where only one option can be selected. After
   creating this field, it must be edited to add the selection options.
   See Section 3.11.1 for information about editing legal values.
   Date/Time: A date field. This field appears with a calendar widget for
   choosing the date.
     * Sortkey: Integer that determines in which order Custom Fields are
       displayed in the User Interface, especially when viewing a bug.
       Fields with lower values are displayed first.
     * Can be set on bug creation: Boolean that determines whether this
       field can be set on bug creation. If not selected, then a bug must
       be created before this field can be set. See Section 5.6 for
       information about filing bugs.
     * Displayed in bugmail for new bugs: Boolean that determines whether
       the value set on this field should appear in bugmail when the bug
       is filed. This attribute has no effect if the field cannot be set
       on bug creation.
     * Is obsolete: Boolean that determines whether this field should be
       displayed at all. Obsolete Custom Fields are hidden.
     * Field only appears when: A custom field can be made visible when
       some criteria is met. For instance, when the bug belongs to a given
       product, or when the bug is of some given severity. If left empty,
       then the custom field will always be visible, in all bugs.
     * Field that controls the values that appear in this field: When the
       custom field is of type "Drop Down" or "Multiple-Selection Box",
       you can restrict the availability of the values of the custom field
       based on the value of another field. This criteria is independent
       of the criteria used in the "Field only appears when" setting. For
       instance, you may decide that some given value "valueY" is only
       available when the bug status is RESOLVED while the value "valueX"
       should always be listed. Once you have selected the field which
       should control the availability of the values of this custom field,
       you can edit values of this custom field to set the criteria, see
       Section 3.11.1.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.10.2. Editing Custom Fields

   As soon as a Custom Field is created, its name and type cannot be
   changed. If this field is a drop down menu, its legal values can be set
   as described in Section 3.11.1. All other attributes can be edited as
   described above.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.10.3. Deleting Custom Fields

   Only custom fields which are marked as obsolete, and which never have
   been used, can be deleted completely (else the integrity of the bug
   history would be compromised). For custom fields marked as obsolete, a
   "Delete" link will appear in the "Action" column. If the custom field
   has been used in the past, the deletion will be rejected. But marking
   the field as obsolete is sufficient to hide it from the user interface
   entirely.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.11. Legal Values

   Legal values for the operating system, platform, bug priority and
   severity, custom fields of type "Drop Down" and "Multiple-Selection
   Box" (see Section 3.10), as well as the list of valid bug statuses and
   resolutions can be customized from the same interface. You can add,
   edit, disable and remove values which can be used with these fields.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.11.1. Viewing/Editing legal values

   Editing legal values requires "admin" privileges. Select "Field Values"
   from the Administration page. A list of all fields, both system fields
   and Custom Fields, for which legal values can be edited appears. Click
   a field name to edit its legal values.

   There is no limit to how many values a field can have, but each value
   must be unique to that field. The sortkey is important to display these
   values in the desired order.

   When the availability of the values of a custom field is controlled by
   another field, you can select from here which value of the other field
   must be set for the value of the custom field to appear.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.11.2. Deleting legal values

   Legal values from Custom Fields can be deleted, but only if the
   following two conditions are respected:

    1. The value is not used by default for the field.
    2. No bug is currently using this value.

   If any of these conditions is not respected, the value cannot be
   deleted. The only way to delete these values is to reassign bugs to
   another value and to set another value as default for the field.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.12. Bug Status Workflow

   The bug status workflow is no longer hardcoded but can be freely
   customized from the web interface. Only one bug status cannot be
   renamed nor deleted, UNCONFIRMED, but the workflow involving it is
   free. The configuration page displays all existing bug statuses twice,
   first on the left for bug statuses we come from and on the top for bug
   statuses we move to. If the checkbox is checked, then the transition
   between the two bug statuses is legal, else it's forbidden
   independently of your privileges. The bug status used for the
   "duplicate_or_move_bug_status" parameter must be part of the workflow
   as that is the bug status which will be used when duplicating or moving
   a bug, so it must be available from each bug status.

   When the workflow is set, the "View Current Triggers" link below the
   table lets you set which transitions require a comment from the user.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.13. Voting

   Voting allows users to be given a pot of votes which they can allocate
   to bugs, to indicate that they'd like them fixed. This allows
   developers to gauge user need for a particular enhancement or bugfix.
   By allowing bugs with a certain number of votes to automatically move
   from "UNCONFIRMED" to "NEW", users of the bug system can help
   high-priority bugs garner attention so they don't sit for a long time
   awaiting triage.

   To modify Voting settings:

    1. Navigate to the "Edit product" screen for the Product you wish to
       modify
    2. Maximum Votes per person: Setting this field to "0" disables
       voting.
    3. Maximum Votes a person can put on a single bug: It should probably
       be some number lower than the "Maximum votes per person". Don't set
       this field to "0" if "Maximum votes per person" is non-zero; that
       doesn't make any sense.
    4. Number of votes a bug in this product needs to automatically get
       out of the UNCONFIRMED state: Setting this field to "0" disables
       the automatic move of bugs from UNCONFIRMED to NEW.
    5. Once you have adjusted the values to your preference, click
       "Update".
     __________________________________________________________________

3.14. Quips

   Quips are small text messages that can be configured to appear next to
   search results. A Bugzilla installation can have its own specific
   quips. Whenever a quip needs to be displayed, a random selection is
   made from the pool of already existing quips.

   Quip submission is controlled by the quip_list_entry_control parameter.
   It has several possible values: open, moderated, or closed. In order to
   enable quips approval you need to set this parameter to "moderated". In
   this way, users are free to submit quips for addition but an
   administrator must explicitly approve them before they are actually
   used.

   In order to see the user interface for the quips, it is enough to click
   on a quip when it is displayed together with the search results. Or it
   can be seen directly in the browser by visiting the quips.cgi URL
   (prefixed with the usual web location of the Bugzilla installation).
   Once the quip interface is displayed, it is enough to click the "view
   and edit the whole quip list" in order to see the administration page.
   A page with all the quips available in the database will be displayed.

   Next to each quip there is a checkbox, under the "Approved" column.
   Quips who have this checkbox checked are already approved and will
   appear next to the search results. The ones that have it unchecked are
   still preserved in the database but they will not appear on search
   results pages. User submitted quips have initially the checkbox
   unchecked.

   Also, there is a delete link next to each quip, which can be used in
   order to permanently delete a quip.

   Display of quips is controlled by the display_quips user preference.
   Possible values are "on" and "off".
     __________________________________________________________________

3.15. Groups and Group Security

   Groups allow for separating bugs into logical divisions. Groups are
   typically used to isolate bugs that should only be seen by certain
   people. For example, a company might create a different group for each
   one of its customers or partners. Group permissions could be set so
   that each partner or customer would only have access to their own bugs.
   Or, groups might be used to create variable access controls for
   different departments within an organization. Another common use of
   groups is to associate groups with products, creating isolation and
   access control on a per-product basis.

   Groups and group behaviors are controlled in several places:

    1. The group configuration page. To view or edit existing groups, or
       to create new groups, access the "Groups" link from the
       "Administration" page. This section of the manual deals primarily
       with the aspect of group controls accessed on this page.
    2. Global configuration parameters. Bugzilla has several parameters
       that control the overall default group behavior and restriction
       levels. For more information on the parameters that control group
       behavior globally, see Section 3.1.9.
    3. Product association with groups. Most of the functionality of
       groups and group security is controlled at the product level. Some
       aspects of group access controls for products are discussed in this
       section, but for more detail see Section 3.4.4.
    4. Group access for users. See Section 3.15.3 for details on how users
       are assigned group access.

   Group permissions are such that if a bug belongs to a group, only
   members of that group can see the bug. If a bug is in more than one
   group, only members of all the groups that the bug is in can see the
   bug. For information on granting read-only access to certain people and
   full edit access to others, see Section 3.4.4.

   Note

   By default, bugs can also be seen by the Assignee, the Reporter, and by
   everyone on the CC List, regardless of whether or not the bug would
   typically be viewable by them. Visibility to the Reporter and CC List
   can be overridden (on a per-bug basis) by bringing up the bug, finding
   the section that starts with "Users in the roles selected below..." and
   un-checking the box next to either 'Reporter' or 'CC List' (or both).
     __________________________________________________________________

3.15.1. Creating Groups

   To create a new group, follow the steps below:

    1. Select the "Administration" link in the page footer, and then
       select the "Groups" link from the Administration page.
    2. A table of all the existing groups is displayed. Below the table is
       a description of all the fields. To create a new group, select the
       "Add Group" link under the table of existing groups.
    3. There are five fields to fill out. These fields are documented
       below the form. Choose a name and description for the group. Decide
       whether this group should be used for bugs (in all likelihood this
       should be selected). Optionally, choose a regular expression that
       will automatically add any matching users to the group, and choose
       an icon that will help identify user comments for the group. The
       regular expression can be useful, for example, to automatically put
       all users from the same company into one group (if the group is for
       a specific customer or partner).

   Note

   If "User RegExp" is filled out, users whose email addresses match the
   regular expression will automatically be members of the group as long
   as their email addresses continue to match the regular expression. If
   their email address changes and no longer matches the regular
   expression, they will be removed from the group. Versions 2.16 and
   older of Bugzilla did not automatically remove users who's email
   addresses no longer matched the RegExp.

   Warning

   If specifying a domain in the regular expression, end the regexp with a
   "$". Otherwise, when granting access to "@mycompany\.com", access will
   also be granted to 'badperson@mycompany.com.cracker.net'. Use the
   syntax, '@mycompany\.com$' for the regular expression.
    4. After the new group is created, it can be edited for additional
       options. The "Edit Group" page allows for specifying other groups
       that should be included in this group and which groups should be
       permitted to add and delete users from this group. For more
       details, see Section 3.15.2.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.15.2. Editing Groups and Assigning Group Permissions

   To access the "Edit Groups" page, select the "Administration" link in
   the page footer, and then select the "Groups" link from the
   Administration page. A table of all the existing groups is displayed.
   Click on a group name you wish to edit or control permissions for.

   The "Edit Groups" page contains the same five fields present when
   creating a new group. Below that are two additional sections, "Group
   Permissions," and "Mass Remove". The "Mass Remove" option simply
   removes all users from the group who match the regular expression
   entered. The "Group Permissions" section requires further explanation.

   The "Group Permissions" section on the "Edit Groups" page contains four
   sets of permissions that control the relationship of this group to
   other groups. If the 'usevisibilitygroups' parameter is in use (see
   Section 3.1) two additional sets of permissions are displayed. Each set
   consists of two select boxes. On the left, a select box with a list of
   all existing groups. On the right, a select box listing all groups
   currently selected for this permission setting (this box will be empty
   for new groups). The way these controls allow groups to relate to one
   another is called inheritance. Each of the six permissions is described
   below.

   Groups That Are a Member of This Group
          Members of any groups selected here will automatically have
          membership in this group. In other words, members of any
          selected group will inherit membership in this group.

   Groups That This Group Is a Member Of
          Members of this group will inherit membership to any group
          selected here. For example, suppose the group being edited is an
          Admin group. If there are two products (Product1 and Product2)
          and each product has its own group (Group1 and Group2), and the
          Admin group should have access to both products, simply select
          both Group1 and Group2 here.

   Groups That Can Grant Membership in This Group
          The members of any group selected here will be able add users to
          this group, even if they themselves are not in this group.

   Groups That This Group Can Grant Membership In
          Members of this group can add users to any group selected here,
          even if they themselves are not in the selected groups.

   Groups That Can See This Group
          Members of any selected group can see the users in this group.
          This setting is only visible if the 'usevisibilitygroups'
          parameter is enabled on the Bugzilla Configuration page. See
          Section 3.1 for information on configuring Bugzilla.

   Groups That This Group Can See
          Members of this group can see members in any of the selected
          groups. This setting is only visible if the
          'usevisibilitygroups' parameter is enabled on the the Bugzilla
          Configuration page. See Section 3.1 for information on
          configuring Bugzilla.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.15.3. Assigning Users to Groups

   A User can become a member of a group in several ways:

    1. The user can be explicitly placed in the group by editing the
       user's profile. This can be done by accessing the "Users" page from
       the "Administration" page. Use the search form to find the user you
       want to edit group membership for, and click on their email address
       in the search results to edit their profile. The profile page lists
       all the groups, and indicates if the user is a member of the group
       either directly or indirectly. More information on indirect group
       membership is below. For more details on User administration, see
       Section 3.2.
    2. The group can include another group of which the user is a member.
       This is indicated by square brackets around the checkbox next to
       the group name in the user's profile. See Section 3.15.2 for
       details on group inheritance.
    3. The user's email address can match the regular expression that has
       been specified to automatically grant membership to the group. This
       is indicated by "*" around the check box by the group name in the
       user's profile. See Section 3.15.1 for details on the regular
       expression option when creating groups.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.15.4. Assigning Group Controls to Products

   The primary functionality of groups is derived from the relationship of
   groups to products. The concepts around segregating access to bugs with
   product group controls can be confusing. For details and examples on
   this topic, see Section 3.4.4.
     __________________________________________________________________

3.16. Checking and Maintaining Database Integrity

   Over time it is possible for the Bugzilla database to become corrupt or
   to have anomalies. This could happen through normal usage of Bugzilla,
   manual database administration outside of the Bugzilla user interface,
   or from some other unexpected event. Bugzilla includes a "Sanity Check"
   script that can perform several basic database checks, and repair
   certain problems or inconsistencies.

   To run the "Sanity Check" script, log in as an Administrator and click
   the "Sanity Check" link in the admin page. Any problems that are found
   will be displayed in red letters. If the script is capable of fixing a
   problem, it will present a link to initiate the fix. If the script can
   not fix the problem it will require manual database administration or
   recovery.

   The "Sanity Check" script can also be run from the command line via the
   perl script sanitycheck.pl. The script can also be run as a cron job.
   Results will be delivered by email.

   The "Sanity Check" script should be run on a regular basis as a matter
   of best practice.

   Warning

   The "Sanity Check" script is no substitute for a competent database
   administrator. It is only designed to check and repair basic database
   problems.
     __________________________________________________________________

Chapter 4. Bugzilla Security

   While some of the items in this chapter are related to the operating
   system Bugzilla is running on or some of the support software required
   to run Bugzilla, it is all related to protecting your data. This is not
   intended to be a comprehensive guide to securing Linux, Apache, MySQL,
   or any other piece of software mentioned. There is no substitute for
   active administration and monitoring of a machine. The key to good
   security is actually right in the middle of the word: U R It.

   While programmers in general always strive to write secure code,
   accidents can and do happen. The best approach to security is to always
   assume that the program you are working with isn't 100% secure and
   restrict its access to other parts of your machine as much as possible.
     __________________________________________________________________

4.1. Operating System

4.1.1. TCP/IP Ports

   The TCP/IP standard defines more than 65,000 ports for sending and
   receiving traffic. Of those, Bugzilla needs exactly one to operate
   (different configurations and options may require up to 3). You should
   audit your server and make sure that you aren't listening on any ports
   you don't need to be. It's also highly recommended that the server
   Bugzilla resides on, along with any other machines you administer, be
   placed behind some kind of firewall.
     __________________________________________________________________

4.1.2. System User Accounts

   Many daemons, such as Apache's httpd or MySQL's mysqld, run as either
   "root" or "nobody". This is even worse on Windows machines where the
   majority of services run as "SYSTEM". While running as "root" or
   "SYSTEM" introduces obvious security concerns, the problems introduced
   by running everything as "nobody" may not be so obvious. Basically, if
   you run every daemon as "nobody" and one of them gets compromised it
   can compromise every other daemon running as "nobody" on your machine.
   For this reason, it is recommended that you create a user account for
   each daemon.

   Note

   You will need to set the webservergroup option in localconfig to the
   group your web server runs as. This will allow ./checksetup.pl to set
   file permissions on Unix systems so that nothing is world-writable.
     __________________________________________________________________

4.1.3. The chroot Jail

   If your system supports it, you may wish to consider running Bugzilla
   inside of a chroot jail. This option provides unprecedented security by
   restricting anything running inside the jail from accessing any
   information outside of it. If you wish to use this option, please
   consult the documentation that came with your system.
     __________________________________________________________________

4.2. Web server

4.2.1. Disabling Remote Access to Bugzilla Configuration Files

   There are many files that are placed in the Bugzilla directory area
   that should not be accessible from the web server. Because of the way
   Bugzilla is currently layed out, the list of what should and should not
   be accessible is rather complicated. A quick way is to run
   testserver.pl to check if your web server serves Bugzilla files as
   expected. If not, you may want to follow the few steps below.

   Tip

   Bugzilla ships with the ability to create .htaccess files that enforce
   these rules. Instructions for enabling these directives in Apache can
   be found in Section 2.2.4.1

     * In the main Bugzilla directory, you should:
          + Block: *.pl, *localconfig*
     * In data:
          + Block everything
     * In data/webdot:
          + If you use a remote webdot server:
               o Block everything
               o But allow *.dot only for the remote webdot server
          + Otherwise, if you use a local GraphViz:
               o Block everything
               o But allow: *.png, *.gif, *.jpg, *.map
          + And if you don't use any dot:
               o Block everything
     * In Bugzilla:
          + Block everything
     * In template:
          + Block everything

   Be sure to test that data that should not be accessed remotely is
   properly blocked. Of particular interest is the localconfig file which
   contains your database password. Also, be aware that many editors
   create temporary and backup files in the working directory and that
   those should also not be accessible. For more information, see bug
   186383 or Bugtraq ID 6501. To test, simply run testserver.pl, as said
   above.

   Tip

   Be sure to check Section 2.2.4 for instructions specific to the web
   server you use.
     __________________________________________________________________

4.3. Bugzilla

4.3.1. Prevent users injecting malicious Javascript

   If you installed Bugzilla version 2.22 or later from scratch, then the
   utf8 parameter is switched on by default. This makes Bugzilla
   explicitly set the character encoding, following a CERT advisory
   recommending exactly this. The following therefore does not apply to
   you; just keep utf8 turned on.

   If you've upgraded from an older version, then it may be possible for a
   Bugzilla user to take advantage of character set encoding ambiguities
   to inject HTML into Bugzilla comments. This could include malicious
   scripts. This is because due to internationalization concerns, we are
   unable to turn the utf8 parameter on by default for upgraded
   installations. Turning it on manually will prevent this problem.
     __________________________________________________________________

Chapter 5. Using Bugzilla

5.1. Introduction

   This section contains information for end-users of Bugzilla. There is a
   Bugzilla test installation, called Landfill, which you are welcome to
   play with (if it's up). However, not all of the Bugzilla installations
   there will necessarily have all Bugzilla features enabled, and
   different installations run different versions, so some things may not
   quite work as this document describes.

   Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) are available and answered on
   wiki.mozilla.org. They may cover some questions you have which are left
   unanswered.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.2. Create a Bugzilla Account

   If you want to use Bugzilla, first you need to create an account.
   Consult with the administrator responsible for your installation of
   Bugzilla for the URL you should use to access it. If you're
   test-driving Bugzilla, use this URL:
   http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-3.6-branch/.

    1. On the home page index.cgi, click the "Open a new Bugzilla account"
       link, or the "New Account" link available in the footer of pages.
       Now enter your email address, then click the "Send" button.

   Note

   If none of these links is available, this means that the administrator
   of the installation has disabled self-registration. This means that
   only an administrator can create accounts for other users. One reason
   could be that this installation is private.

   Note

   Also, if only some users are allowed to create an account on the
   installation, you may see these links but your registration may fail if
   your email address doesn't match the ones accepted by the installation.
   This is another way to restrict who can access and edit bugs in this
   installation.
    2. Within moments, and if your registration is accepted, you should
       receive an email to the address you provided, which contains your
       login name (generally the same as the email address), and two URLs
       with a token (a random string generated by the installation) to
       confirm, respectively cancel, your registration. This is a way to
       prevent users from abusing the generation of user accounts, for
       instance by entering inexistent email addresses, or email addresses
       which do not belong to them.
    3. By default, you have 3 days to confirm your registration. Past this
       timeframe, the token is invalidated and the registration is
       automatically canceled. You can also cancel this registration
       sooner by using the appropriate URL in the email you got.
    4. If you confirm your registration, Bugzilla will ask you your real
       name (optional, but recommended) and your password, which must be
       between 3 and 16 characters long.
    5. Now all you need to do is to click the "Log In" link in the footer
       at the bottom of the page in your browser, enter your email address
       and password you just chose into the login form, and click the "Log
       in" button.

   You are now logged in. Bugzilla uses cookies to remember you are logged
   in so, unless you have cookies disabled or your IP address changes, you
   should not have to log in again during your session.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.3. Anatomy of a Bug

   The core of Bugzilla is the screen which displays a particular bug.
   It's a good place to explain some Bugzilla concepts. Bug 1 on Landfill
   is a good example. Note that the labels for most fields are hyperlinks;
   clicking them will take you to context-sensitive help on that
   particular field. Fields marked * may not be present on every
   installation of Bugzilla.

    1. Product and Component: Bugs are divided up by Product and
       Component, with a Product having one or more Components in it. For
       example, bugzilla.mozilla.org's "Bugzilla" Product is composed of
       several Components:

       Administration: Administration of a Bugzilla installation.
   Bugzilla-General: Anything that doesn't fit in the other components, or
   spans multiple components.
       Creating/Changing Bugs: Creating, changing, and viewing bugs.
   Documentation: The Bugzilla documentation, including The Bugzilla
   Guide.
       Email: Anything to do with email sent by Bugzilla.
       Installation: The installation process of Bugzilla.
   Query/Buglist: Anything to do with searching for bugs and viewing the
   buglists.
       Reporting/Charting: Getting reports from Bugzilla.
   User Accounts: Anything about managing a user account from the user's
   perspective. Saved queries, creating accounts, changing passwords,
   logging in, etc.
   User Interface: General issues having to do with the user interface
   cosmetics (not functionality) including cosmetic issues, HTML
   templates, etc.
    2. Status and Resolution: These define exactly what state the bug is
       in - from not even being confirmed as a bug, through to being fixed
       and the fix confirmed by Quality Assurance. The different possible
       values for Status and Resolution on your installation should be
       documented in the context-sensitive help for those items.
    3. Assigned To: The person responsible for fixing the bug.
    4. *QA Contact: The person responsible for quality assurance on this
       bug.
    5. *URL: A URL associated with the bug, if any.
    6. Summary: A one-sentence summary of the problem.
    7. *Status Whiteboard: (a.k.a. Whiteboard) A free-form text area for
       adding short notes and tags to a bug.
    8. *Keywords: The administrator can define keywords which you can use
       to tag and categorise bugs - e.g. The Mozilla Project has keywords
       like crash and regression.
    9. Platform and OS: These indicate the computing environment where the
       bug was found.
   10. Version: The "Version" field is usually used for versions of a
       product which have been released, and is set to indicate which
       versions of a Component have the particular problem the bug report
       is about.
   11. Priority: The bug assignee uses this field to prioritize his or her
       bugs. It's a good idea not to change this on other people's bugs.
   12. Severity: This indicates how severe the problem is - from blocker
       ("application unusable") to trivial ("minor cosmetic issue"). You
       can also use this field to indicate whether a bug is an enhancement
       request.
   13. *Target: (a.k.a. Target Milestone) A future version by which the
       bug is to be fixed. e.g. The Bugzilla Project's milestones for
       future Bugzilla versions are 2.18, 2.20, 3.0, etc. Milestones are
       not restricted to numbers, thought - you can use any text strings,
       such as dates.
   14. Reporter: The person who filed the bug.
   15. CC list: A list of people who get mail when the bug changes.
   16. *Time Tracking: This form can be used for time tracking. To use
       this feature, you have to be blessed group membership specified by
       the "timetrackinggroup" parameter.

       Orig. Est.: This field shows the original estimated time.
   Current Est.: This field shows the current estimated time. This number
   is calculated from "Hours Worked" and "Hours Left".
       Hours Worked: This field shows the number of hours worked.
   Hours Left: This field shows the "Current Est." - "Hours Worked". This
   value + "Hours Worked" will become the new Current Est.
       %Complete: This field shows what percentage of the task is complete.
   Gain: This field shows the number of hours that the bug is ahead of the
   "Orig. Est.".
       Deadline: This field shows the deadline for this bug.
   17. Attachments: You can attach files (e.g. testcases or patches) to
       bugs. If there are any attachments, they are listed in this
       section. Attachments are normally stored in the Bugzilla database,
       unless they are marked as Big Files, which are stored directly on
       disk.
   18. *Dependencies: If this bug cannot be fixed unless other bugs are
       fixed (depends on), or this bug stops other bugs being fixed
       (blocks), their numbers are recorded here.
   19. *Votes: Whether this bug has any votes.
   20. Additional Comments: You can add your two cents to the bug
       discussion here, if you have something worthwhile to say.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.4. Life Cycle of a Bug

   The life cycle of a bug, also known as workflow, is customizable to
   match the needs of your organization, see Section 3.12. Figure 5-1
   contains a graphical representation of the default workflow using the
   default bug statuses. If you wish to customize this image for your
   site, the diagram file is available in Dia's native XML format.

   Figure 5-1. Lifecycle of a Bugzilla Bug

   [bzLifecycle.png]
     __________________________________________________________________

5.5. Searching for Bugs

   The Bugzilla Search page is the interface where you can find any bug
   report, comment, or patch currently in the Bugzilla system. You can
   play with it here:
   http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-3.6-branch/query.cgi.

   The Search page has controls for selecting different possible values
   for all of the fields in a bug, as described above. For some fields,
   multiple values can be selected. In those cases, Bugzilla returns bugs
   where the content of the field matches any one of the selected values.
   If none is selected, then the field can take any value.

   After a search is run, you can save it as a Saved Search, which will
   appear in the page footer. If you are in the group defined by the
   "querysharegroup" parameter, you may share your queries with other
   users, see Saved Searches for more details.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.5.1. Boolean Charts

   Highly advanced querying is done using Boolean Charts.

   The boolean charts further restrict the set of results returned by a
   query. It is possible to search for bugs based on elaborate
   combinations of criteria.

   The simplest boolean searches have only one term. These searches permit
   the selected left field to be compared using a selectable operator to a
   specified value. Using the "And," "Or," and "Add Another Boolean Chart"
   buttons, additional terms can be included in the query, further
   altering the list of bugs returned by the query.

   There are three fields in each row of a boolean search.

     * Field: the items being searched
     * Operator: the comparison operator
     * Value: the value to which the field is being compared
     __________________________________________________________________

5.5.1.1. Pronoun Substitution

   Sometimes, a query needs to compare a user-related field (such as
   ReportedBy) with a role-specific user (such as the user running the
   query or the user to whom each bug is assigned). When the operator is
   either "equals" or "notequals", the value can be "%reporter%",
   "%assignee%", "%qacontact%", or "%user%". The user pronoun refers to
   the user who is executing the query or, in the case of whining reports,
   the user who will be the recipient of the report. The reporter,
   assignee, and qacontact pronouns refer to the corresponding fields in
   the bug.

   Boolean charts also let you type a group name in any user-related field
   if the operator is either "equals", "notequals" or "anyexact". This
   will let you query for any member belonging (or not) to the specified
   group. The group name must be entered following the "%group.foo%"
   syntax, where "foo" is the group name. So if you are looking for bugs
   reported by any user being in the "editbugs" group, then you can type
   "%group.editbugs%".
     __________________________________________________________________

5.5.1.2. Negation

   At first glance, negation seems redundant. Rather than searching for

     NOT("summary" "contains the string" "foo"),

   one could search for

     ("summary" "does not contain the string" "foo").

   However, the search

     ("CC" "does not contain the string" "@mozilla.org")

   would find every bug where anyone on the CC list did not contain
   "@mozilla.org" while

     NOT("CC" "contains the string" "@mozilla.org")

   would find every bug where there was nobody on the CC list who did
   contain the string. Similarly, the use of negation also permits complex
   expressions to be built using terms OR'd together and then negated.
   Negation permits queries such as

     NOT(("product" "equals" "update") OR ("component" "equals"
     "Documentation"))

   to find bugs that are neither in the update product or in the
   documentation component or

     NOT(("commenter" "equals" "%assignee%") OR ("component" "equals"
     "Documentation"))

   to find non-documentation bugs on which the assignee has never
   commented.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.5.1.3. Multiple Charts

   The terms within a single row of a boolean chart are all constraints on
   a single piece of data. If you are looking for a bug that has two
   different people cc'd on it, then you need to use two boolean charts. A
   search for

     ("cc" "contains the string" "foo@") AND ("cc" "contains the string"
     "@mozilla.org")

   would return only bugs with "foo@mozilla.org" on the cc list. If you
   wanted bugs where there is someone on the cc list containing "foo@" and
   someone else containing "@mozilla.org", then you would need two boolean
   charts.

     First chart: ("cc" "contains the string" "foo@")

     Second chart: ("cc" "contains the string" "@mozilla.org")

   The bugs listed will be only the bugs where ALL the charts are true.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.5.2. Quicksearch

   Quicksearch is a single-text-box query tool which uses metacharacters
   to indicate what is to be searched. For example, typing "foo|bar" into
   Quicksearch would search for "foo" or "bar" in the summary and status
   whiteboard of a bug; adding ":BazProduct" would search only in that
   product. You can use it to find a bug by its number or its alias, too.

   You'll find the Quicksearch box in Bugzilla's footer area. On
   Bugzilla's front page, there is an additional Help link which details
   how to use it.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.5.3. Case Sensitivity in Searches

   Bugzilla queries are case-insensitive and accent-insensitive, when used
   with either MySQL or Oracle databases. When using Bugzilla with
   PostgreSQL, however, some queries are case-sensitive. This is due to
   the way PostgreSQL handles case and accent sensitivity.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.5.4. Bug Lists

   If you run a search, a list of matching bugs will be returned.

   The format of the list is configurable. For example, it can be sorted
   by clicking the column headings. Other useful features can be accessed
   using the links at the bottom of the list:

   Long Format: this gives you a large page with a non-editable summary of
   the fields of each bug.
   XML: get the buglist in the XML format.
   CSV: get the buglist as comma-separated values, for import into e.g. a
   spreadsheet.
   Feed: get the buglist as an Atom feed. Copy this link into your
   favorite feed reader. If you are using Firefox, you can also save the
   list as a live bookmark by clicking the live bookmark icon in the
   status bar. To limit the number of bugs in the feed, add a limit=n
   parameter to the URL.
   iCalendar: Get the buglist as an iCalendar file. Each bug is
   represented as a to-do item in the imported calendar.
   Change Columns: change the bug attributes which appear in the list.
   Change several bugs at once: If your account is sufficiently empowered,
   and more than one bug appear in the bug list, this link is displayed
   which lets you make the same change to all the bugs in the list - for
   example, changing their assignee.
   Send mail to bug assignees: If more than one bug appear in the bug list
   and there are at least two distinct bug assignees, this links is
   displayed which lets you easily send a mail to the assignees of all
   bugs on the list.
   Edit Search: If you didn't get exactly the results you were looking
   for, you can return to the Query page through this link and make small
   revisions to the query you just made so you get more accurate results.
   Remember Search As: You can give a search a name and remember it; a
   link will appear in your page footer giving you quick access to run it
   again later.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.5.5. Adding/removing tags to/from bugs

   You can add and remove tags from individual bugs, which let you find
   and manage them more easily. Creating a new tag automatically generates
   a saved search - whose name is the name of the tag - which lists bugs
   with this tag. This saved search will be displayed in the footer of
   pages by default, as all other saved searches. The main difference
   between tags and normal saved searches is that saved searches, as
   described in the previous section, are stored in the form of a list of
   matching criteria, while the saved search generated by tags is a list
   of bug numbers. Consequently, you can easily edit this list by either
   adding or removing tags from bugs. To enable this feature, you have to
   turn on the "Enable tags for bugs" user preference, see Section 5.10.
   This feature is disabled by default.

   This feature is useful when you want to keep track of several bugs, but
   for different reasons. Instead of adding yourself to the CC list of all
   these bugs and mixing all these reasons, you can now store these bugs
   in separate lists, e.g. "Keep in mind", "Interesting bugs", or
   "Triage". One big advantage of this way to manage bugs is that you can
   easily add or remove bugs one by one, which is not possible to do with
   saved searches without having to edit the search criteria again.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.6. Filing Bugs

5.6.1. Reporting a New Bug

   Years of bug writing experience has been distilled for your reading
   pleasure into the Bug Writing Guidelines. While some of the advice is
   Mozilla-specific, the basic principles of reporting Reproducible,
   Specific bugs, isolating the Product you are using, the Version of the
   Product, the Component which failed, the Hardware Platform, and
   Operating System you were using at the time of the failure go a long
   way toward ensuring accurate, responsible fixes for the bug that bit
   you.

   The procedure for filing a bug is as follows:

    1. Click the "New" link available in the footer of pages, or the
       "Enter a new bug report" link displayed on the home page of the
       Bugzilla installation.

       Note

   If you want to file a test bug to see how Bugzilla works, you can do it
   on one of our test installations on Landfill.
    2. You first have to select the product in which you found a bug.
    3. You now see a form where you can specify the component (part of the
       product which is affected by the bug you discovered; if you have no
       idea, just select "General" if such a component exists), the
       version of the program you were using, the Operating System and
       platform your program is running on and the severity of the bug (if
       the bug you found crashes the program, it's probably a major or a
       critical bug; if it's a typo somewhere, that's something pretty
       minor; if it's something you would like to see implemented, then
       that's an enhancement).
    4. You now have to give a short but descriptive summary of the bug you
       found. "My program is crashing all the time" is a very poor summary
       and doesn't help developers at all. Try something more meaningful
       or your bug will probably be ignored due to a lack of precision.
       The next step is to give a very detailed list of steps to reproduce
       the problem you encountered. Try to limit these steps to a minimum
       set required to reproduce the problem. This will make the life of
       developers easier, and the probability that they consider your bug
       in a reasonable timeframe will be much higher.

   Note

   Try to make sure that everything in the summary is also in the first
   comment. Summaries are often updated and this will ensure your original
   information is easily accessible.
    5. As you file the bug, you can also attach a document (testcase,
       patch, or screenshot of the problem).
    6. Depending on the Bugzilla installation you are using and the
       product in which you are filing the bug, you can also request
       developers to consider your bug in different ways (such as
       requesting review for the patch you just attached, requesting your
       bug to block the next release of the product, and many other
       product specific requests).
    7. Now is a good time to read your bug report again. Remove all
       misspellings, otherwise your bug may not be found by developers
       running queries for some specific words, and so your bug would not
       get any attention. Also make sure you didn't forget any important
       information developers should know in order to reproduce the
       problem, and make sure your description of the problem is explicit
       and clear enough. When you think your bug report is ready to go,
       the last step is to click the "Commit" button to add your report
       into the database.

   You do not need to put "any" or similar strings in the URL field. If
   there is no specific URL associated with the bug, leave this field
   blank.

   If you feel a bug you filed was incorrectly marked as a DUPLICATE of
   another, please question it in your bug, not the bug it was duped to.
   Feel free to CC the person who duped it if they are not already CCed.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.6.2. Clone an Existing Bug

   Starting with version 2.20, Bugzilla has a feature that allows you to
   clone an existing bug. The newly created bug will inherit most settings
   from the old bug. This allows you to track more easily similar concerns
   in a new bug. To use this, go to the bug that you want to clone, then
   click the "Clone This Bug" link on the bug page. This will take you to
   the "Enter Bug" page that is filled with the values that the old bug
   has. You can change those values and/or texts if needed.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.7. Attachments

   You should use attachments, rather than comments, for large chunks of
   ASCII data, such as trace, debugging output files, or log files. That
   way, it doesn't bloat the bug for everyone who wants to read it, and
   cause people to receive fat, useless mails.

   You should make sure to trim screenshots. There's no need to show the
   whole screen if you are pointing out a single-pixel problem.

   Bugzilla stores and uses a Content-Type for each attachment (e.g.
   text/html). To download an attachment as a different Content-Type (e.g.
   application/xhtml+xml), you can override this using a 'content_type'
   parameter on the URL, e.g. &content_type=text/plain.

   If you have a really large attachment, something that does not need to
   be recorded forever (as most attachments are), or something that is too
   big for your database, you can mark your attachment as a "Big File",
   assuming the administrator of the installation has enabled this
   feature. Big Files are stored directly on disk instead of in the
   database. The maximum size of a "Big File" is normally larger than the
   maximum size of a regular attachment. Independently of the storage
   system used, an administrator can delete these attachments at any time.
   Nevertheless, if these files are stored in the database, the
   "allow_attachment_deletion" parameter (which is turned off by default)
   must be enabled in order to delete them.

   Also, if the administrator turned on the "allow_attach_url" parameter,
   you can enter the URL pointing to the attachment instead of uploading
   the attachment itself. For example, this is useful if you want to point
   to an external application, a website or a very large file. Note that
   there is no guarantee that the source file will always be available,
   nor that its content will remain unchanged.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.7.1. Patch Viewer

   Viewing and reviewing patches in Bugzilla is often difficult due to
   lack of context, improper format and the inherent readability issues
   that raw patches present. Patch Viewer is an enhancement to Bugzilla
   designed to fix that by offering increased context, linking to
   sections, and integrating with Bonsai, LXR and CVS.

   Patch viewer allows you to:

   View patches in color, with side-by-side view rather than trying to
   interpret the contents of the patch.
   See the difference between two patches.
   Get more context in a patch.
   Collapse and expand sections of a patch for easy reading.
   Link to a particular section of a patch for discussion or review
   Go to Bonsai or LXR to see more context, blame, and cross-references
   for the part of the patch you are looking at
   Create a rawtext unified format diff out of any patch, no matter what
   format it came from
     __________________________________________________________________

5.7.1.1. Viewing Patches in Patch Viewer

   The main way to view a patch in patch viewer is to click on the "Diff"
   link next to a patch in the Attachments list on a bug. You may also do
   this within the edit window by clicking the "View Attachment As Diff"
   button in the Edit Attachment screen.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.7.1.2. Seeing the Difference Between Two Patches

   To see the difference between two patches, you must first view the
   newer patch in Patch Viewer. Then select the older patch from the
   dropdown at the top of the page ("Differences between [dropdown] and
   this patch") and click the "Diff" button. This will show you what is
   new or changed in the newer patch.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.7.1.3. Getting More Context in a Patch

   To get more context in a patch, you put a number in the textbox at the
   top of Patch Viewer ("Patch / File / [textbox]") and hit enter. This
   will give you that many lines of context before and after each change.
   Alternatively, you can click on the "File" link there and it will show
   each change in the full context of the file. This feature only works
   against files that were diffed using "cvs diff".
     __________________________________________________________________

5.7.1.4. Collapsing and Expanding Sections of a Patch

   To view only a certain set of files in a patch (for example, if a patch
   is absolutely huge and you want to only review part of it at a time),
   you can click the "(+)" and "(-)" links next to each file (to expand it
   or collapse it). If you want to collapse all files or expand all files,
   you can click the "Collapse All" and "Expand All" links at the top of
   the page.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.7.1.5. Linking to a Section of a Patch

   To link to a section of a patch (for example, if you want to be able to
   give someone a URL to show them which part you are talking about) you
   simply click the "Link Here" link on the section header. The resulting
   URL can be copied and used in discussion.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.7.1.6. Going to Bonsai and LXR

   To go to Bonsai to get blame for the lines you are interested in, you
   can click the "Lines XX-YY" link on the section header you are
   interested in. This works even if the patch is against an old version
   of the file, since Bonsai stores all versions of the file.

   To go to LXR, you click on the filename on the file header
   (unfortunately, since LXR only does the most recent version, line
   numbers are likely to rot).
     __________________________________________________________________

5.7.1.7. Creating a Unified Diff

   If the patch is not in a format that you like, you can turn it into a
   unified diff format by clicking the "Raw Unified" link at the top of
   the page.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.8. Hints and Tips

   This section distills some Bugzilla tips and best practices that have
   been developed.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.8.1. Autolinkification

   Bugzilla comments are plain text - so typing <U> will produce
   less-than, U, greater-than rather than underlined text. However,
   Bugzilla will automatically make hyperlinks out of certain sorts of
   text in comments. For example, the text "http://www.bugzilla.org" will
   be turned into a link: http://www.bugzilla.org. Other strings which get
   linkified in the obvious manner are:

   bug 12345
   comment 7
   bug 23456, comment 53
   attachment 4321
   mailto:george@example.com
   george@example.com
   ftp://ftp.mozilla.org
   Most other sorts of URL

   A corollary here is that if you type a bug number in a comment, you
   should put the word "bug" before it, so it gets autolinkified for the
   convenience of others.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.8.2. Comments

   If you are changing the fields on a bug, only comment if either you
   have something pertinent to say, or Bugzilla requires it. Otherwise,
   you may spam people unnecessarily with bug mail. To take an example: a
   user can set up their account to filter out messages where someone just
   adds themselves to the CC field of a bug (which happens a lot.) If you
   come along, add yourself to the CC field, and add a comment saying
   "Adding self to CC", then that person gets a pointless piece of mail
   they would otherwise have avoided.

   Don't use sigs in comments. Signing your name ("Bill") is acceptable,
   if you do it out of habit, but full mail/news-style four line ASCII art
   creations are not.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.8.3. Server-Side Comment Wrapping

   Bugzilla stores comments unwrapped and wraps them at display time. This
   ensures proper wrapping in all browsers. Lines beginning with the ">"
   character are assumed to be quotes, and are not wrapped.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.8.4. Dependency Tree

   On the "Dependency tree" page linked from each bug page, you can see
   the dependency relationship from the bug as a tree structure.

   You can change how much depth to show, and you can hide resolved bugs
   from this page. You can also collaps/expand dependencies for each bug
   on the tree view, using the [-]/[+] buttons that appear before its
   summary. This option is not available for terminal bugs in the tree
   (that don't have further dependencies).
     __________________________________________________________________

5.9. Time Tracking Information

   Users who belong to the group specified by the "timetrackinggroup"
   parameter have access to time-related fields. Developers can see
   deadlines and estimated times to fix bugs, and can provide time spent
   on these bugs.

   At any time, a summary of the time spent by developers on bugs is
   accessible either from bug lists when clicking the "Time Summary"
   button or from individual bugs when clicking the "Summarize time" link
   in the time tracking table. The summarize_time.cgi page lets you view
   this information either per developer or per bug, and can be split on a
   month basis to have greater details on how time is spent by developers.

   As soon as a bug is marked as RESOLVED, the remaining time expected to
   fix the bug is set to zero. This lets QA people set it again for their
   own usage, and it will be set to zero again when the bug will be marked
   as CLOSED.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.10. User Preferences

   Once logged in, you can customize various aspects of Bugzilla via the
   "Preferences" link in the page footer. The preferences are split into
   five tabs:
     __________________________________________________________________

5.10.1. General Preferences

   This tab allows you to change several default settings of Bugzilla.

     * Bugzilla's general appearance (skin) - select which skin to use.
       Bugzilla supports adding custom skins.
     * Quote the associated comment when you click on its reply link -
       sets the behavior of the comment "Reply" link. Options include
       quoting the full comment, just reference the comment number, or
       turn the link off.
     * Language used in email - select which language email will be sent
       in, from the list of available languages.
     * After changing a bug - This controls what page is displayed after
       changes to a bug are submitted. The options include to show the bug
       just modified, to show the next bug in your list, or to do nothing.
     * Enable tags for bugs - turn bug tagging on or off.
     * Zoom textareas large when in use (requires JavaScript) - enable or
       disable the automatic expanding of text areas when text is being
       entered into them.
     * Field separator character for CSV files - Select between a comma
       and semi-colon for exported CSV bug lists.
     * Automatically add me to the CC list of bugs I change - set default
       behavior of CC list. Options include "Always", "Never", and "Only
       if I have no role on them".
     * When viewing a bug, show comments in this order - controls the
       order of comments. Options include "Oldest to Newest", "Newest to
       Oldest" and "Newest to Oldest, but keep the bug description at the
       top".
     * Show a quip at the top of each bug list - controls whether a quip
       will be shown on the Bug list page.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.10.2. Email Preferences

   This tab allows you to enable or disable email notification on specific
   events.

   In general, users have almost complete control over how much (or how
   little) email Bugzilla sends them. If you want to receive the maximum
   amount of email possible, click the "Enable All Mail" button. If you
   don't want to receive any email from Bugzilla at all, click the
   "Disable All Mail" button.

   Note

   A Bugzilla administrator can stop a user from receiving bugmail by
   clicking the "Bugmail Disabled" checkbox when editing the user account.
   This is a drastic step best taken only for disabled accounts, as it
   overrides the user's individual mail preferences.

   There are two global options -- "Email me when someone asks me to set a
   flag" and "Email me when someone sets a flag I asked for". These define
   how you want to receive bugmail with regards to flags. Their use is
   quite straightforward; enable the checkboxes if you want Bugzilla to
   send you mail under either of the above conditions.

   If you'd like to set your bugmail to something besides 'Completely ON'
   and 'Completely OFF', the "Field/recipient specific options" table
   allows you to do just that. The rows of the table define events that
   can happen to a bug -- things like attachments being added, new
   comments being made, the priority changing, etc. The columns in the
   table define your relationship with the bug:

     * Reporter - Where you are the person who initially reported the bug.
       Your name/account appears in the "Reporter:" field.
     * Assignee - Where you are the person who has been designated as the
       one responsible for the bug. Your name/account appears in the
       "Assigned To:" field of the bug.
     * QA Contact - You are one of the designated QA Contacts for the bug.
       Your account appears in the "QA Contact:" text-box of the bug.
     * CC - You are on the list CC List for the bug. Your account appears
       in the "CC:" text box of the bug.
     * Voter - You have placed one or more votes for the bug. Your account
       appears only if someone clicks on the "Show votes for this bug"
       link on the bug.

   Note

   Some columns may not be visible for your installation, depending on
   your site's configuration.

   To fine-tune your bugmail, decide the events for which you want to
   receive bugmail; then decide if you want to receive it all the time
   (enable the checkbox for every column), or only when you have a certain
   relationship with a bug (enable the checkbox only for those columns).
   For example: if you didn't want to receive mail when someone added
   themselves to the CC list, you could uncheck all the boxes in the "CC
   Field Changes" line. As another example, if you never wanted to receive
   email on bugs you reported unless the bug was resolved, you would
   un-check all boxes in the "Reporter" column except for the one on the
   "The bug is resolved or verified" row.

   Note

   Bugzilla adds the "X-Bugzilla-Reason" header to all bugmail it sends,
   describing the recipient's relationship (AssignedTo, Reporter,
   QAContact, CC, or Voter) to the bug. This header can be used to do
   further client-side filtering.

   Bugzilla has a feature called "Users Watching". When you enter one or
   more comma-delineated user accounts (usually email addresses) into the
   text entry box, you will receive a copy of all the bugmail those users
   are sent (security settings permitting). This powerful functionality
   enables seamless transitions as developers change projects or users go
   on holiday.

   Note

   The ability to watch other users may not be available in all Bugzilla
   installations. If you don't see this feature, and feel that you need
   it, speak to your administrator.

   Each user listed in the "Users watching you" field has you listed in
   their "Users to watch" list and can get bugmail according to your
   relationship to the bug and their "Field/recipient specific options"
   setting.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.10.3. Saved Searches

   On this tab you can view and run any Saved Searches that you have
   created, and also any Saved Searches that other members of the group
   defined in the "querysharegroup" parameter have shared. Saved Searches
   can be added to the page footer from this screen. If somebody is
   sharing a Search with a group she or he is allowed to assign users to,
   the sharer may opt to have the Search show up in the footer of the
   group's direct members by default.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.10.4. Name and Password

   On this tab, you can change your basic account information, including
   your password, email address and real name. For security reasons, in
   order to change anything on this page you must type your current
   password into the "Password" field at the top of the page. If you
   attempt to change your email address, a confirmation email is sent to
   both the old and new addresses, with a link to use to confirm the
   change. This helps to prevent account hijacking.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.10.5. Permissions

   This is a purely informative page which outlines your current
   permissions on this installation of Bugzilla.

   A complete list of permissions is below. Only users with editusers
   privileges can change the permissions of other users.

   admin
          Indicates user is an Administrator.

   bz_canusewhineatothers
          Indicates user can configure whine reports for other users.

   bz_canusewhines
          Indicates user can configure whine reports for self.

   bz_sudoers
          Indicates user can perform actions as other users.

   bz_sudo_protect
          Indicates user can not be impersonated by other users.

   canconfirm
          Indicates user can confirm a bug or mark it a duplicate.

   creategroups
          Indicates user can create and destroy groups.

   editbugs
          Indicates user can edit all bug fields.

   editclassifications
          Indicates user can create, destroy, and edit classifications.

   editcomponents
          Indicates user can create, destroy, and edit components.

   editkeywords
          Indicates user can create, destroy, and edit keywords.

   editusers
          Indicates user can edit or disable users.

   tweakparams
          Indicates user can change Parameters.

   Note

   For more information on how permissions work in Bugzilla (i.e. who can
   change what), see Section 6.4.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.11. Reports and Charts

   As well as the standard buglist, Bugzilla has two more ways of viewing
   sets of bugs. These are the reports (which give different views of the
   current state of the database) and charts (which plot the changes in
   particular sets of bugs over time.)
     __________________________________________________________________

5.11.1. Reports

   A report is a view of the current state of the bug database.

   You can run either an HTML-table-based report, or a graphical
   line/pie/bar-chart-based one. The two have different pages to define
   them, but are close cousins - once you've defined and viewed a report,
   you can switch between any of the different views of the data at will.

   Both report types are based on the idea of defining a set of bugs using
   the standard search interface, and then choosing some aspect of that
   set to plot on the horizontal and/or vertical axes. You can also get a
   form of 3-dimensional report by choosing to have multiple images or
   tables.

   So, for example, you could use the search form to choose "all bugs in
   the WorldControl product", and then plot their severity against their
   component to see which component had had the largest number of bad bugs
   reported against it.

   Once you've defined your parameters and hit "Generate Report", you can
   switch between HTML, CSV, Bar, Line and Pie. (Note: Pie is only
   available if you didn't define a vertical axis, as pie charts don't
   have one.) The other controls are fairly self-explanatory; you can
   change the size of the image if you find text is overwriting other
   text, or the bars are too thin to see.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.11.2. Charts

   A chart is a view of the state of the bug database over time.

   Bugzilla currently has two charting systems - Old Charts and New
   Charts. Old Charts have been part of Bugzilla for a long time; they
   chart each status and resolution for each product, and that's all. They
   are deprecated, and going away soon - we won't say any more about them.
   New Charts are the future - they allow you to chart anything you can
   define as a search.

   Note

   Both charting forms require the administrator to set up the
   data-gathering script. If you can't see any charts, ask them whether
   they have done so.

   An individual line on a chart is called a data set. All data sets are
   organised into categories and subcategories. The data sets that
   Bugzilla defines automatically use the Product name as a Category and
   Component names as Subcategories, but there is no need for you to
   follow that naming scheme with your own charts if you don't want to.

   Data sets may be public or private. Everyone sees public data sets in
   the list, but only their creator sees private data sets. Only
   administrators can make data sets public. No two data sets, even two
   private ones, can have the same set of category, subcategory and name.
   So if you are creating private data sets, one idea is to have the
   Category be your username.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.11.2.1. Creating Charts

   You create a chart by selecting a number of data sets from the list,
   and pressing Add To List for each. In the List Of Data Sets To Plot,
   you can define the label that data set will have in the chart's legend,
   and also ask Bugzilla to Sum a number of data sets (e.g. you could Sum
   data sets representing RESOLVED, VERIFIED and CLOSED in a particular
   product to get a data set representing all the resolved bugs in that
   product.)

   If you've erroneously added a data set to the list, select it using the
   checkbox and click Remove. Once you add more than one data set, a
   "Grand Total" line automatically appears at the bottom of the list. If
   you don't want this, simply remove it as you would remove any other
   line.

   You may also choose to plot only over a certain date range, and to
   cumulate the results - that is, to plot each one using the previous one
   as a baseline, so the top line gives a sum of all the data sets. It's
   easier to try than to explain :-)

   Once a data set is in the list, one can also perform certain actions on
   it. For example, one can edit the data set's parameters (name,
   frequency etc.) if it's one you created or if you are an administrator.

   Once you are happy, click Chart This List to see the chart.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.11.2.2. Creating New Data Sets

   You may also create new data sets of your own. To do this, click the
   "create a new data set" link on the Create Chart page. This takes you
   to a search-like interface where you can define the search that
   Bugzilla will plot. At the bottom of the page, you choose the category,
   sub-category and name of your new data set.

   If you have sufficient permissions, you can make the data set public,
   and reduce the frequency of data collection to less than the default
   seven days.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.12. Flags

   A flag is a kind of status that can be set on bugs or attachments to
   indicate that the bugs/attachments are in a certain state. Each
   installation can define its own set of flags that can be set on bugs or
   attachments.

   If your installation has defined a flag, you can set or unset that
   flag, and if your administrator has enabled requesting of flags, you
   can submit a request for another user to set the flag.

   To set a flag, select either "+" or "-" from the drop-down menu next to
   the name of the flag in the "Flags" list. The meaning of these values
   are flag-specific and thus cannot be described in this documentation,
   but by way of example, setting a flag named "review" to "+" may
   indicate that the bug/attachment has passed review, while setting it to
   "-" may indicate that the bug/attachment has failed review.

   To unset a flag, click its drop-down menu and select the blank value.
   Note that marking an attachment as obsolete automatically cancels all
   pending requests for the attachment.

   If your administrator has enabled requests for a flag, request a flag
   by selecting "?" from the drop-down menu and then entering the username
   of the user you want to set the flag in the text field next to the
   menu.

   A set flag appears in bug reports and on "edit attachment" pages with
   the abbreviated username of the user who set the flag prepended to the
   flag name. For example, if Jack sets a "review" flag to "+", it appears
   as Jack: review [ + ]

   A requested flag appears with the user who requested the flag prepended
   to the flag name and the user who has been requested to set the flag
   appended to the flag name within parentheses. For example, if Jack asks
   Jill for review, it appears as Jack: review [ ? ] (Jill).

   You can browse through open requests made of you and by you by
   selecting 'My Requests' from the footer. You can also look at open
   requests limited by other requesters, requestees, products, components,
   and flag names from this page. Note that you can use '-' for requestee
   to specify flags with 'no requestee' set.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.13. Whining

   Whining is a feature in Bugzilla that can regularly annoy users at
   specified times. Using this feature, users can execute saved searches
   at specific times (i.e. the 15th of the month at midnight) or at
   regular intervals (i.e. every 15 minutes on Sundays). The results of
   the searches are sent to the user, either as a single email or as one
   email per bug, along with some descriptive text.

   Warning

   Throughout this section it will be assumed that all users are members
   of the bz_canusewhines group, membership in which is required in order
   to use the Whining system. You can easily make all users members of the
   bz_canusewhines group by setting the User RegExp to ".*" (without the
   quotes).

   Also worth noting is the bz_canusewhineatothers group. Members of this
   group can create whines for any user or group in Bugzilla using a
   extended form of the whining interface. Features only available to
   members of the bz_canusewhineatothers group will be noted in the
   appropriate places.

   Note

   For whining to work, a special Perl script must be executed at regular
   intervals. More information on this is available in Section 2.3.3.

   Note

   This section does not cover the whineatnews.pl script. See Section
   2.3.2 for more information on The Whining Cron.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.13.1. The Event

   The whining system defines an "Event" as one or more queries being
   executed at regular intervals, with the results of said queries (if
   there are any) being emailed to the user. Events are created by
   clicking on the "Add new event" button.

   Once a new event is created, the first thing to set is the "Email
   subject line". The contents of this field will be used in the subject
   line of every email generated by this event. In addition to setting a
   subject, space is provided to enter some descriptive text that will be
   included at the top of each message (to help you in understanding why
   you received the email in the first place).

   The next step is to specify when the Event is to be run (the Schedule)
   and what searches are to be performed (the Searches).
     __________________________________________________________________

5.13.2. Whining Schedule

   Each whining event is associated with zero or more schedules. A
   schedule is used to specify when the query (specified below) is to be
   run. A new event starts out with no schedules (which means it will
   never run, as it is not scheduled to run). To add a schedule, press the
   "Add a new schedule" button.

   Each schedule includes an interval, which you use to tell Bugzilla when
   the event should be run. An event can be run on certain days of the
   week, certain days of the month, during weekdays (defined as Monday
   through Friday), or every day.

   Warning

   Be careful if you set your event to run on the 29th, 30th, or 31st of
   the month, as your event may not run exactly when expected. If you want
   your event to run on the last day of the month, select "Last day of the
   month" as the interval.

   Once you have specified the day(s) on which the event is to be run, you
   should now specify the time at which the event is to be run. You can
   have the event run at a certain hour on the specified day(s), or every
   hour, half-hour, or quarter-hour on the specified day(s).

   If a single schedule does not execute an event as many times as you
   would want, you can create another schedule for the same event. For
   example, if you want to run an event on days whose numbers are
   divisible by seven, you would need to add four schedules to the event,
   setting the schedules to run on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th (one day
   per schedule) at whatever time (or times) you choose.

   Note

   If you are a member of the bz_canusewhineatothers group, then you will
   be presented with another option: "Mail to". Using this you can control
   who will receive the emails generated by this event. You can choose to
   send the emails to a single user (identified by email address) or a
   single group (identified by group name). To send to multiple users or
   groups, create a new schedule for each additional user/group.
     __________________________________________________________________

5.13.3. Whining Searches

   Each whining event is associated with zero or more searches. A search
   is any saved search to be run as part of the specified schedule (see
   above). You start out without any searches associated with the event
   (which means that the event will not run, as there will never be any
   results to return). To add a search, press the "Include search" button.

   The first field to examine in your newly added search is the Sort
   field. Searches are run, and results included, in the order specified
   by the Sort field. Searches with smaller Sort values will run before
   searches with bigger Sort values.

   The next field to examine is the Search field. This is where you choose
   the actual search that is to be run. Instead of defining search
   parameters here, you are asked to choose from the list of saved
   searches (the same list that appears at the bottom of every Bugzilla
   page). You are only allowed to choose from searches that you have saved
   yourself (the default saved search, "My Bugs", is not a valid choice).
   If you do not have any saved searches, you can take this opportunity to
   create one (see Section 5.5.4).

   Note

   When running queries, the whining system acts as if you are the user
   executing the query. This means that the whining system will ignore
   bugs that match your query, but that you can not access.

   Once you have chosen the saved search to be executed, give the query a
   descriptive title. This title will appear in the email, above the
   results of the query. If you choose "One message per bug", the query
   title will appear at the top of each email that contains a bug matching
   your query.

   Finally, decide if the results of the query should be sent in a single
   email, or if each bug should appear in its own email.

   Warning

   Think carefully before checking the "One message per bug" box. If you
   create a query that matches thousands of bugs, you will receive
   thousands of emails!
     __________________________________________________________________

5.13.4. Saving Your Changes

   Once you have defined at least one schedule, and created at least one
   query, go ahead and "Update/Commit". This will save your Event and make
   it available for immediate execution.

   Note

   If you ever feel like deleting your event, you may do so using the
   "Remove Event" button in the upper-right corner of each Event. You can
   also modify an existing event, so long as you "Update/Commit" after
   completing your modifications.
     __________________________________________________________________

Chapter 6. Customizing Bugzilla

6.1. Bugzilla Extensions

   One of the best ways to customize Bugzilla is by writing a Bugzilla
   Extension. Bugzilla Extensions let you modify both the code and UI of
   Bugzilla in a way that can be distributed to other Bugzilla users and
   ported forward to future versions of Bugzilla with minimal effort.

   See the Bugzilla Extension documentation for information on how to
   write an Extension.
     __________________________________________________________________

6.2. Custom Skins

   Bugzilla allows you to have multiple skins. These are custom CSS and
   possibly also custom images for Bugzilla. To create a new custom skin,
   you have two choices:

     * Make a single CSS file, and put it in the skins/contrib directory.
     * Make a directory that contains all the same CSS file names as
       skins/standard/, and put your directory in skins/contrib/.

   After you put the file or the directory there, make sure to run
   checksetup.pl so that it can reset the file permissions correctly.

   After you have installed the new skin, it will show up as an option in
   the user's General Preferences. If you would like to force a particular
   skin on all users, just select it in the Default Preferences and then
   uncheck "Enabled" on the preference.
     __________________________________________________________________

6.3. Template Customization

   Administrators can configure the look and feel of Bugzilla without
   having to edit Perl files or face the nightmare of massive merge
   conflicts when they upgrade to a newer version in the future.

   Templatization also makes localized versions of Bugzilla possible, for
   the first time. It's possible to have Bugzilla's UI language determined
   by the user's browser. More information is available in Section 6.3.6.
     __________________________________________________________________

6.3.1. Template Directory Structure

   The template directory structure starts with top level directory named
   template, which contains a directory for each installed localization.
   The next level defines the language used in the templates. Bugzilla
   comes with English templates, so the directory name is en, and we will
   discuss template/en throughout the documentation. Below template/en is
   the default directory, which contains all the standard templates
   shipped with Bugzilla.

   Warning

   A directory data/templates also exists; this is where Template Toolkit
   puts the compiled versions of the templates from either the default or
   custom directories. Do not directly edit the files in this directory,
   or all your changes will be lost the next time Template Toolkit
   recompiles the templates.
     __________________________________________________________________

6.3.2. Choosing a Customization Method

   If you want to edit Bugzilla's templates, the first decision you must
   make is how you want to go about doing so. There are two choices, and
   which you use depends mainly on the scope of your modifications, and
   the method you plan to use to upgrade Bugzilla.

   The first method of making customizations is to directly edit the
   templates found in template/en/default. This is probably the best way
   to go about it if you are going to be upgrading Bugzilla through CVS,
   because if you then execute a cvs update, any changes you have made
   will be merged automagically with the updated versions.

   Note

   If you use this method, and CVS conflicts occur during an update, the
   conflicted templates (and possibly other parts of your installation)
   will not work until they are resolved.

   The second method is to copy the templates to be modified into a
   mirrored directory structure under template/en/custom. Templates in
   this directory structure automatically override any identically-named
   and identically-located templates in the default directory.

   Note

   The custom directory does not exist at first and must be created if you
   want to use it.

   The second method of customization should be used if you use the
   overwriting method of upgrade, because otherwise your changes will be
   lost. This method may also be better if you are using the CVS method of
   upgrading and are going to make major changes, because it is guaranteed
   that the contents of this directory will not be touched during an
   upgrade, and you can then decide whether to continue using your own
   templates, or make the effort to merge your changes into the new
   versions by hand.

   Using this method, your installation may break if incompatible changes
   are made to the template interface. Such changes should be documented
   in the release notes, provided you are using a stable release of
   Bugzilla. If you use using unstable code, you will need to deal with
   this one yourself, although if possible the changes will be mentioned
   before they occur in the deprecations section of the previous stable
   release's release notes.

   Note

   Regardless of which method you choose, it is recommended that you run
   ./checksetup.pl after editing any templates in the template/en/default
   directory, and after creating or editing any templates in the custom
   directory.

   Warning

   It is required that you run ./checksetup.pl after creating a new
   template in the custom directory. Failure to do so will raise an
   incomprehensible error message.
     __________________________________________________________________

6.3.3. How To Edit Templates

   Note

   If you are making template changes that you intend on submitting back
   for inclusion in standard Bugzilla, you should read the relevant
   sections of the Developers' Guide.

   The syntax of the Template Toolkit language is beyond the scope of this
   guide. It's reasonably easy to pick up by looking at the current
   templates; or, you can read the manual, available on the Template
   Toolkit home page.

   One thing you should take particular care about is the need to properly
   HTML filter data that has been passed into the template. This means
   that if the data can possibly contain special HTML characters such as
   <, and the data was not intended to be HTML, they need to be converted
   to entity form, i.e. &lt;. You use the 'html' filter in the Template
   Toolkit to do this. If you forget, you may open up your installation to
   cross-site scripting attacks.

   Also note that Bugzilla adds a few filters of its own, that are not in
   standard Template Toolkit. In particular, the 'url_quote' filter can
   convert characters that are illegal or have special meaning in URLs,
   such as &, to the encoded form, i.e. %26. This actually encodes most
   characters (but not the common ones such as letters and numbers and so
   on), including the HTML-special characters, so there's never a need to
   HTML filter afterwards.

   Editing templates is a good way of doing a "poor man's custom fields".
   For example, if you don't use the Status Whiteboard, but want to have a
   free-form text entry box for "Build Identifier", then you can just edit
   the templates to change the field labels. It's still be called
   status_whiteboard internally, but your users don't need to know that.
     __________________________________________________________________

6.3.4. Template Formats and Types

   Some CGI's have the ability to use more than one template. For example,
   buglist.cgi can output itself as RDF, or as two formats of HTML
   (complex and simple). The mechanism that provides this feature is
   extensible.

   Bugzilla can support different types of output, which again can have
   multiple formats. In order to request a certain type, you can append
   the &ctype=<contenttype> (such as rdf or html) to the <cginame>.cgi
   URL. If you would like to retrieve a certain format, you can use the
   &format=<format> (such as simple or complex) in the URL.

   To see if a CGI supports multiple output formats and types, grep the
   CGI for "get_format". If it's not present, adding multiple format/type
   support isn't too hard - see how it's done in other CGIs, e.g.
   config.cgi.

   To make a new format template for a CGI which supports this, open a
   current template for that CGI and take note of the INTERFACE comment
   (if present.) This comment defines what variables are passed into this
   template. If there isn't one, I'm afraid you'll have to read the
   template and the code to find out what information you get.

   Write your template in whatever markup or text style is appropriate.

   You now need to decide what content type you want your template served
   as. The content types are defined in the Bugzilla/Constants.pm file in
   the contenttypes constant. If your content type is not there, add it.
   Remember the three- or four-letter tag assigned to your content type.
   This tag will be part of the template filename.

   Note

   After adding or changing a content type, it's suitable to edit
   Bugzilla/Constants.pm in order to reflect the changes. Also, the file
   should be kept up to date after an upgrade if content types have been
   customized in the past.

   Save the template as <stubname>-<formatname>.<contenttypetag>.tmpl. Try
   out the template by calling the CGI as
   <cginame>.cgi?format=<formatname>&ctype=<type> .
     __________________________________________________________________

6.3.5. Particular Templates

   There are a few templates you may be particularly interested in
   customizing for your installation.

   index.html.tmpl: This is the Bugzilla front page.

   global/header.html.tmpl: This defines the header that goes on all
   Bugzilla pages. The header includes the banner, which is what appears
   to users and is probably what you want to edit instead. However the
   header also includes the HTML HEAD section, so you could for example
   add a stylesheet or META tag by editing the header.

   global/banner.html.tmpl: This contains the "banner", the part of the
   header that appears at the top of all Bugzilla pages. The default
   banner is reasonably barren, so you'll probably want to customize this
   to give your installation a distinctive look and feel. It is
   recommended you preserve the Bugzilla version number in some form so
   the version you are running can be determined, and users know what docs
   to read.

   global/footer.html.tmpl: This defines the footer that goes on all
   Bugzilla pages. Editing this is another way to quickly get a
   distinctive look and feel for your Bugzilla installation.

   global/variables.none.tmpl: This defines a list of terms that may be
   changed in order to "brand" the Bugzilla instance In this way, terms
   like "bugs" can be replaced with "issues" across the whole Bugzilla
   installation. The name "Bugzilla" and other words can be customized as
   well.

   list/table.html.tmpl: This template controls the appearance of the bug
   lists created by Bugzilla. Editing this template allows per-column
   control of the width and title of a column, the maximum display length
   of each entry, and the wrap behaviour of long entries. For long bug
   lists, Bugzilla inserts a 'break' every 100 bugs by default; this
   behaviour is also controlled by this template, and that value can be
   modified here.

   bug/create/user-message.html.tmpl: This is a message that appears near
   the top of the bug reporting page. By modifying this, you can tell your
   users how they should report bugs.

   bug/process/midair.html.tmpl: This is the page used if two people
   submit simultaneous changes to the same bug. The second person to
   submit their changes will get this page to tell them what the first
   person did, and ask if they wish to overwrite those changes or go back
   and revisit the bug. The default title and header on this page read
   "Mid-air collision detected!" If you work in the aviation industry, or
   other environment where this might be found offensive (yes, we have
   true stories of this happening) you'll want to change this to something
   more appropriate for your environment.

   bug/create/create.html.tmpl and bug/create/comment.txt.tmpl: You may
   not wish to go to the effort of creating custom fields in Bugzilla, yet
   you want to make sure that each bug report contains a number of pieces
   of important information for which there is not a special field. The
   bug entry system has been designed in an extensible fashion to enable
   you to add arbitrary HTML widgets, such as drop-down lists or
   textboxes, to the bug entry page and have their values appear formatted
   in the initial comment. A hidden field that indicates the format should
   be added inside the form in order to make the template functional. Its
   value should be the suffix of the template filename. For example, if
   the file is called create-cust.html.tmpl, then
   <input type="hidden" name="format" value="cust">

   should be used inside the form.

   An example of this is the mozilla.org guided bug submission form. The
   code for this comes with the Bugzilla distribution as an example for
   you to copy. It can be found in the files create-guided.html.tmpl and
   comment-guided.html.tmpl.

   So to use this feature, create a custom template for enter_bug.cgi. The
   default template, on which you could base it, is
   custom/bug/create/create.html.tmpl. Call it
   create-<formatname>.html.tmpl, and in it, add widgets for each piece of
   information you'd like collected - such as a build number, or set of
   steps to reproduce.

   Then, create a template like custom/bug/create/comment.txt.tmpl, and
   call it comment-<formatname>.txt.tmpl. This template should reference
   the form fields you have created using the syntax [% form.<fieldname>
   %]. When a bug report is submitted, the initial comment attached to the
   bug report will be formatted according to the layout of this template.

   For example, if your custom enter_bug template had a field
   <input type="text" name="buildid" size="30">

   and then your comment.txt.tmpl had
   BuildID: [% form.buildid %]

   then something like
   BuildID: 20020303

   would appear in the initial comment.
     __________________________________________________________________

6.3.6. Configuring Bugzilla to Detect the User's Language

   Bugzilla honours the user's Accept: HTTP header. You can install
   templates in other languages, and Bugzilla will pick the most
   appropriate according to a priority order defined by you. Many language
   templates can be obtained from
   http://www.bugzilla.org/download.html#localizations. Instructions for
   submitting new languages are also available from that location.
     __________________________________________________________________

6.4. Customizing Who Can Change What

   Warning

   This feature should be considered experimental; the Bugzilla code you
   will be changing is not stable, and could change or move between
   versions. Be aware that if you make modifications as outlined here, you
   may have to re-make them or port them if Bugzilla changes internally
   between versions, and you upgrade.

   Companies often have rules about which employees, or classes of
   employees, are allowed to change certain things in the bug system. For
   example, only the bug's designated QA Contact may be allowed to VERIFY
   the bug. Bugzilla has been designed to make it easy for you to write
   your own custom rules to define who is allowed to make what sorts of
   value transition.

   By default, assignees, QA owners and users with editbugs privileges can
   edit all fields of bugs, except group restrictions (unless they are
   members of the groups they are trying to change). Bug reporters also
   have the ability to edit some fields, but in a more restrictive manner.
   Other users, without editbugs privileges, can not edit bugs, except to
   comment and add themselves to the CC list.

   For maximum flexibility, customizing this means editing Bugzilla's Perl
   code. This gives the administrator complete control over exactly who is
   allowed to do what. The relevant method is called
   check_can_change_field(), and is found in Bug.pm in your Bugzilla/
   directory. If you open that file and search for "sub
   check_can_change_field", you'll find it.

   This function has been carefully commented to allow you to see exactly
   how it works, and give you an idea of how to make changes to it.
   Certain marked sections should not be changed - these are the
   "plumbing" which makes the rest of the function work. In between those
   sections, you'll find snippets of code like:
    # Allow the assignee to change anything.
    if ($ownerid eq $whoid) {
        return 1;
    }

   It's fairly obvious what this piece of code does.

   So, how does one go about changing this function? Well, simple changes
   can be made just by removing pieces - for example, if you wanted to
   prevent any user adding a comment to a bug, just remove the lines
   marked "Allow anyone to change comments." If you don't want the
   Reporter to have any special rights on bugs they have filed, just
   remove the entire section that deals with the Reporter.

   More complex customizations are not much harder. Basically, you add a
   check in the right place in the function, i.e. after all the variables
   you are using have been set up. So, don't look at $ownerid before
   $ownerid has been obtained from the database. You can either add a
   positive check, which returns 1 (allow) if certain conditions are true,
   or a negative check, which returns 0 (deny.) E.g.:
    if ($field eq "qacontact") {
        if (Bugzilla->user->in_group("quality_assurance")) {
            return 1;
        }
        else {
            return 0;
        }
    }

   This says that only users in the group "quality_assurance" can change
   the QA Contact field of a bug.

   Getting more weird:
    if (($field eq "priority") &&
        (Bugzilla->user->email =~ /.*\@example\.com$/))
    {
        if ($oldvalue eq "P1") {
            return 1;
        }
        else {
            return 0;
        }
    }

   This says that if the user is trying to change the priority field, and
   their email address is @example.com, they can only do so if the old
   value of the field was "P1". Not very useful, but illustrative.

   Warning

   If you are modifying process_bug.cgi in any way, do not change the code
   that is bounded by DO_NOT_CHANGE blocks. Doing so could compromise
   security, or cause your installation to stop working entirely.

   For a list of possible field names, look at the bugs table in the
   database. If you need help writing custom rules for your organization,
   ask in the newsgroup.
     __________________________________________________________________

6.5. Integrating Bugzilla with Third-Party Tools

   Many utilities and applications can integrate with Bugzilla, either on
   the client- or server-side. None of them are maintained by the Bugzilla
   community, nor are they tested during our QA tests, so use them at your
   own risk. They are listed at https://wiki.mozilla.org/Bugzilla:Addons.
     __________________________________________________________________

Appendix A. Troubleshooting

   This section gives solutions to common Bugzilla installation problems.
   If none of the section headings seems to match your problem, read the
   general advice.
     __________________________________________________________________

A.1. General Advice

   If you can't get checksetup.pl to run to completion, it normally
   explains what's wrong and how to fix it. If you can't work it out, or
   if it's being uncommunicative, post the errors in the
   mozilla.support.bugzilla newsgroup.

   If you have made it all the way through Section 2.1 (Installation) and
   Section 2.2 (Configuration) but accessing the Bugzilla URL doesn't
   work, the first thing to do is to check your web server error log. For
   Apache, this is often located at /etc/logs/httpd/error_log. The error
   messages you see may be self-explanatory enough to enable you to
   diagnose and fix the problem. If not, see below for some
   commonly-encountered errors. If that doesn't help, post the errors to
   the newsgroup.

   Bugzilla can also log all user-based errors (and many code-based
   errors) that occur, without polluting the web server's error log. To
   enable Bugzilla error logging, create a file that Bugzilla can write
   to, named errorlog, in the Bugzilla data directory. Errors will be
   logged as they occur, and will include the type of the error, the IP
   address and username (if available) of the user who triggered the
   error, and the values of all environment variables; if a form was being
   submitted, the data in the form will also be included. To disable error
   logging, delete or rename the errorlog file.
     __________________________________________________________________

A.2. The Apache web server is not serving Bugzilla pages

   After you have run checksetup.pl twice, run testserver.pl
   http://yoursite.yourdomain/yoururl to confirm that your web server is
   configured properly for Bugzilla.
bash$ ./testserver.pl http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-tip
TEST-OK Webserver is running under group id in $webservergroup.
TEST-OK Got ant picture.
TEST-OK Webserver is executing CGIs.
TEST-OK Webserver is preventing fetch of http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-
tip/localconfig.
     __________________________________________________________________

A.3. I installed a Perl module, but checksetup.pl claims it's not installed!

   This could be caused by one of two things:

    1. You have two versions of Perl on your machine. You are installing
       modules into one, and Bugzilla is using the other. Rerun the CPAN
       commands (or manual compile) using the full path to Perl from the
       top of checksetup.pl. This will make sure you are installing the
       modules in the right place.
    2. The permissions on your library directories are set incorrectly.
       They must, at the very least, be readable by the web server user or
       group. It is recommended that they be world readable.
     __________________________________________________________________

A.4. DBD::Sponge::db prepare failed

   The following error message may appear due to a bug in DBD::mysql (over
   which the Bugzilla team have no control):
 DBD::Sponge::db prepare failed: Cannot determine NUM_OF_FIELDS at D:/Perl/site
/lib/DBD/mysql.pm line 248.
  SV = NULL(0x0) at 0x20fc444
  REFCNT = 1
  FLAGS = (PADBUSY,PADMY)

   To fix this, go to <path-to-perl>/lib/DBD/sponge.pm in your Perl
   installation and replace
 my $numFields;
 if ($attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'}) {
     $numFields = $attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'};
 } elsif ($attribs->{'NAME'}) {
     $numFields = @{$attribs->{NAME}};

   with
 my $numFields;
 if ($attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'}) {
     $numFields = $attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'};
 } elsif ($attribs->{'NAMES'}) {
     $numFields = @{$attribs->{NAMES}};

   (note the S added to NAME.)
     __________________________________________________________________

A.5. cannot chdir(/var/spool/mqueue)

   If you are installing Bugzilla on SuSE Linux, or some other
   distributions with "paranoid" security options, it is possible that the
   checksetup.pl script may fail with the error:
cannot chdir(/var/spool/mqueue): Permission denied

   This is because your /var/spool/mqueue directory has a mode of
   drwx------. Type chmod 755 /var/spool/mqueue as root to fix this
   problem. This will allow any process running on your machine the
   ability to read the /var/spool/mqueue directory.
     __________________________________________________________________

A.6. Everybody is constantly being forced to relogin

   The most-likely cause is that the "cookiepath" parameter is not set
   correctly in the Bugzilla configuration. You can change this (if you're
   a Bugzilla administrator) from the editparams.cgi page via the web
   interface.

   The value of the cookiepath parameter should be the actual directory
   containing your Bugzilla installation, as seen by the end-user's web
   browser. Leading and trailing slashes are mandatory. You can also set
   the cookiepath to any directory which is a parent of the Bugzilla
   directory (such as '/', the root directory). But you can't put
   something that isn't at least a partial match or it won't work. What
   you're actually doing is restricting the end-user's browser to sending
   the cookies back only to that directory.

   How do you know if you want your specific Bugzilla directory or the
   whole site?

   If you have only one Bugzilla running on the server, and you don't mind
   having other applications on the same server with it being able to see
   the cookies (you might be doing this on purpose if you have other
   things on your site that share authentication with Bugzilla), then
   you'll want to have the cookiepath set to "/", or to a
   sufficiently-high enough directory that all of the involved apps can
   see the cookies.

   Example A-1. Examples of urlbase/cookiepath pairs for sharing login
   cookies

             urlbase is http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/
             cookiepath is /
             urlbase is http://tools.mysite.tld/bugzilla/
                     but you have http://tools.mysite.tld/someotherapp/ w
     hich shares
                     authentication with your Bugzilla
             cookiepath is /

   On the other hand, if you have more than one Bugzilla running on the
   server (some people do - we do on landfill) then you need to have the
   cookiepath restricted enough so that the different Bugzillas don't
   confuse their cookies with one another.

   Example A-2. Examples of urlbase/cookiepath pairs to restrict the login
   cookie

             urlbase is http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-tip/
             cookiepath is /bugzilla-tip/
             urlbase is http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-2.16-branch
     /
             cookiepath is /bugzilla-2.16-branch/

   If you had cookiepath set to "/" at any point in the past and need to
   set it to something more restrictive (i.e. "/bugzilla/"), you can
   safely do this without requiring users to delete their Bugzilla-related
   cookies in their browser (this is true starting with Bugzilla 2.18 and
   Bugzilla 2.16.5).
     __________________________________________________________________

A.7. index.cgi doesn't show up unless specified in the URL

   You probably need to set up your web server in such a way that it will
   serve the index.cgi page as an index page.

   If you are using Apache, you can do this by adding index.cgi to the end
   of the DirectoryIndex line as mentioned in Section 2.2.4.1.
     __________________________________________________________________

A.8. checksetup.pl reports "Client does not support authentication protocol
requested by server..."

   This error is occurring because you are using the new password
   encryption that comes with MySQL 4.1, while your DBD::mysql module was
   compiled against an older version of MySQL. If you recompile DBD::mysql
   against the current MySQL libraries (or just obtain a newer version of
   this module) then the error may go away.

   If that does not fix the problem, or if you cannot recompile the
   existing module (e.g. you're running Windows) and/or don't want to
   replace it (e.g. you want to keep using a packaged version), then a
   workaround is available from the MySQL docs:
   http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/Old_client.html
     __________________________________________________________________

Appendix B. Contrib

   There are a number of unofficial Bugzilla add-ons in the
   $BUGZILLA_ROOT/contrib/ directory. This section documents them.
     __________________________________________________________________

B.1. Command-line Search Interface

   There are a suite of Unix utilities for searching Bugzilla from the
   command line. They live in the contrib/cmdline directory. There are
   three files - query.conf, buglist and bugs.

   Warning

   These files pre-date the templatization work done as part of the 2.16
   release, and have not been updated.

   query.conf contains the mapping from options to field names and
   comparison types. Quoted option names are "grepped" for, so it should
   be easy to edit this file. Comments (#) have no effect; you must make
   sure these lines do not contain any quoted "option".

   buglist is a shell script that submits a Bugzilla query and writes the
   resulting HTML page to stdout. It supports both short options, (such as
   "-Afoo" or "-Rbar") and long options (such as "--assignedto=foo" or
   "--reporter=bar"). If the first character of an option is not "-", it
   is treated as if it were prefixed with "--default=".

   The column list is taken from the COLUMNLIST environment variable. This
   is equivalent to the "Change Columns" option that is available when you
   list bugs in buglist.cgi. If you have already used Bugzilla, grep for
   COLUMNLIST in your cookies file to see your current COLUMNLIST setting.

   bugs is a simple shell script which calls buglist and extracts the bug
   numbers from the output. Adding the prefix
   "http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?bug_id=" turns the bug list
   into a working link if any bugs are found. Counting bugs is easy. Pipe
   the results through sed -e 's/,/ /g' | wc | awk '{printf $2 "\n"}'

   Akkana Peck says she has good results piping buglist output through w3m
   -T text/html -dump
     __________________________________________________________________

B.2. Command-line 'Send Unsent Bug-mail' tool

   Within the contrib directory exists a utility with the descriptive (if
   compact) name of sendunsentbugmail.pl. The purpose of this script is,
   simply, to send out any bug-related mail that should have been sent by
   now, but for one reason or another has not.

   To accomplish this task, sendunsentbugmail.pl uses the same mechanism
   as the sanitycheck.cgi script; it scans through the entire database
   looking for bugs with changes that were made more than 30 minutes ago,
   but where there is no record of anyone related to that bug having been
   sent mail. Having compiled a list, it then uses the standard rules to
   determine who gets mail, and sends it out.

   As the script runs, it indicates the bug for which it is currently
   sending mail; when it has finished, it gives a numerical count of how
   many mails were sent and how many people were excluded. (Individual
   user names are not recorded or displayed.) If the script produces no
   output, that means no unsent mail was detected.

   Usage: move the sendunsentbugmail.pl script up into the main directory,
   ensure it has execute permission, and run it from the command line (or
   from a cron job) with no parameters.
     __________________________________________________________________

Appendix C. Manual Installation of Perl Modules

C.1. Instructions

   If you need to install Perl modules manually, here's how it's done.
   Download the module using the link given in the next section, and then
   apply this magic incantation, as root:

bash# tar -xzvf <module>.tar.gz
bash# cd <module>
bash# perl Makefile.PL
bash# make
bash# make test
bash# make install

   Note

   In order to compile source code under Windows you will need to obtain a
   'make' utility. The nmake utility provided with Microsoft Visual C++
   may be used. As an alternative, there is a utility called dmake
   available from CPAN which is written entirely in Perl.

   As described in Section C.2, however, most packages already exist and
   are available from ActiveState or theory58S. We highly recommend that
   you install them using the ppm GUI available with ActiveState and to
   add the theory58S repository to your list of repositories.
     __________________________________________________________________

C.2. Download Locations

   Note

   Running Bugzilla on Windows requires the use of ActiveState Perl 5.8.1
   or higher. Many modules already exist in the core distribution of
   ActiveState Perl. Additional modules can be downloaded from
   http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/ppms/ if you use Perl 5.8.x or from
   http://cpan.uwinnipeg.ca/PPMPackages/10xx/ if you use Perl 5.10.x.

   CGI:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/CGI.pm/
           Documentation: http://perldoc.perl.org/CGI.html

   Data-Dumper:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/Data-Dumper/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/Data-Dumper/Dumper.p
   m

   Date::Format (part of TimeDate):

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/TimeDate/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/TimeDate/lib/Date/Fo
   rmat.pm

   DBI:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/DBI/
           Documentation: http://dbi.perl.org/docs/

   DBD::mysql:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/DBD-mysql/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/DBD-mysql/lib/DBD/my
   sql.pm

   DBD::Pg:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/DBD-Pg/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/DBD-Pg/Pg.pm

   Template-Toolkit:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/Template-Toolki
   t/
           Documentation: http://www.template-toolkit.org/docs.html

   GD:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/GD/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/GD/GD.pm

   Template::Plugin::GD:

          CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/Template-GD/
          Documentation: http://www.template-toolkit.org/docs/aqua/Modules
   /index.html

   MIME::Parser (part of MIME-tools):

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/MIME-tools/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/MIME-tools/lib/MIME/
   Parser.pm
     __________________________________________________________________

C.3. Optional Modules

   Chart::Lines:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/Chart/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/Chart/Chart.pod

   GD::Graph:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/GDGraph/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/GDGraph/Graph.pm

   GD::Text::Align (part of GD::Text::Util):

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/GDTextUtil/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/GDTextUtil/Text/Alig
   n.pm

   XML::Twig:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/XML-Twig/
           Documentation: http://standards.ieee.org/resources/spasystem/tw
   ig/twig_stable.html

   PatchReader:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/author/JKEISER/Patch
   Reader/
           Documentation: http://www.johnkeiser.com/mozilla/Patch_Viewer.h
   tml
     __________________________________________________________________

Appendix D. GNU Free Documentation License

   Version 1.1, March 2000

     Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin
     Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Everyone is permitted
     to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but
     changing it is not allowed.
     __________________________________________________________________

0. Preamble

   The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
   written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the
   effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
   modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this
   License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for
   their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications
   made by others.

   This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works
   of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
   complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license
   designed for free software.

   We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
   software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
   program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
   software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it
   can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
   whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
   principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
     __________________________________________________________________

1. Applicability and Definition

   This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice
   placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the
   terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual
   or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as
   "you".

   A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
   Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
   modifications and/or translated into another language.

   A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
   the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
   publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
   (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
   within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
   textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
   mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
   connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
   commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
   them.

   The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
   are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
   that says that the Document is released under this License.

   The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
   as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
   the Document is released under this License.

   A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
   represented in a format whose specification is available to the general
   public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
   straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
   pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
   drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
   for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to
   text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format
   whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent
   modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not
   "Transparent" is called "Opaque".

   Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
   without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML
   using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML
   designed for human modification. Opaque formats include PostScript,
   PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
   proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
   processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated
   HTML produced by some word processors for output purposes only.

   The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus
   such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this
   License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats
   which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text
   near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the
   beginning of the body of the text.
     __________________________________________________________________

2. Verbatim Copying

   You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
   commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
   copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
   to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
   conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
   technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
   copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
   compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
   number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

   You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
   you may publicly display copies.
     __________________________________________________________________

3. Copying in Quantity

   If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
   and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
   enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these
   Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts
   on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
   you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the
   full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible.
   You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with
   changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of
   the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim
   copying in other respects.

   If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
   legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
   reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
   pages.

   If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
   more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
   copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
   a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
   Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
   general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
   charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
   option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
   distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
   Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
   until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
   copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
   the public.

   It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
   Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
   them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
     __________________________________________________________________

4. Modifications

   You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
   the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the
   Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
   Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
   and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of
   it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:

    A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
       from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
       (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
       of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
       if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
    B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
       responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
       Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of
       the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than
       five).
    C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
       Version, as the publisher.
    D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
    E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent
       to the other copyright notices.
    F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
       giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
       terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
    G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
       Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license
       notice.
    H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
    I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to
       it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
       publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
       there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one
       stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
       given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
       Version as stated in the previous sentence.
    J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
       public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
       the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
       it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You
       may omit a network location for a work that was published at least
       four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher
       of the version it refers to gives permission.
    K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
       preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
       substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
       and/or dedications given therein.
    L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
       their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent
       are not considered part of the section titles.
    M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not
       be included in the Modified Version.
    N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to
       conflict in title with any Invariant Section.

   If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
   appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
   copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
   of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
   list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
   These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.

   You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
   nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
   parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
   been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
   standard.

   You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
   passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
   of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover
   Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through
   arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes
   a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by
   arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you
   may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
   permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

   The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
   give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
   imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
     __________________________________________________________________

5. Combining Documents

   You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
   License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
   versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
   Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
   list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
   license notice.

   The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
   multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
   copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
   different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
   adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
   author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
   Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant
   Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

   In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in
   the various original documents, forming one section entitled "History";
   likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any
   sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled
   "Endorsements."
     __________________________________________________________________

6. Collections of Documents

   You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
   documents released under this License, and replace the individual
   copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that
   is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of
   this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other
   respects.

   You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
   distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
   copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
   License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
   document.
     __________________________________________________________________

7. Aggregation with Independent Works

   A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
   and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
   distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version of
   the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
   compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
   License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
   with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they are
   not themselves derivative works of the Document.

   If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
   copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
   of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
   covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise
   they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
     __________________________________________________________________

8. Translation

   Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
   translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
   Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from
   their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or
   all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these
   Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License
   provided that you also include the original English version of this
   License. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the
   original English version of this License, the original English version
   will prevail.
     __________________________________________________________________

9. Termination

   You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
   as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
   copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
   automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
   parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
   License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties
   remain in full compliance.
     __________________________________________________________________

10. Future Revisions of this License

   The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
   GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
   will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
   detail to address new problems or concerns. See
   http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

   Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
   If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
   License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
   following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
   of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
   Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
   number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
   as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
     __________________________________________________________________

How to use this License for your documents

   To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
   the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
   notices just after the title page:

     Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy,
     distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU
     Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version
     published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant
     Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being
     LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the
     license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation
     License".

   If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
   instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover
   Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being
   LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.

   If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
   recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
   free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to
   permit their use in free software.

Glossary

0-9, high ascii

   .htaccess
          Apache web server, and other NCSA-compliant web servers, observe
          the convention of using files in directories called .htaccess to
          restrict access to certain files. In Bugzilla, they are used to
          keep secret files which would otherwise compromise your
          installation - e.g. the localconfig file contains the password
          to your database. curious.

A

   Apache
          In this context, Apache is the web server most commonly used for
          serving up Bugzilla pages. Contrary to popular belief, the
          apache web server has nothing to do with the ancient and noble
          Native American tribe, but instead derived its name from the
          fact that it was "a patchy" version of the original NCSA
          world-wide-web server.

          Useful Directives when configuring Bugzilla

        AddHandler
                Tell Apache that it's OK to run CGI scripts.

        AllowOverride, Options
                These directives are used to tell Apache many things about
                the directory they apply to. For Bugzilla's purposes, we
                need them to allow script execution and .htaccess
                overrides.

        DirectoryIndex
                Used to tell Apache what files are indexes. If you can not
                add index.cgi to the list of valid files, you'll need to
                set $index_html to 1 in localconfig so ./checksetup.pl
                will create an index.html that redirects to index.cgi.

        ScriptInterpreterSource
                Used when running Apache on windows so the shebang line
                doesn't have to be changed in every Bugzilla script.

          For more information about how to configure Apache for Bugzilla,
          see Section 2.2.4.1.

B

   Bug
          A "bug" in Bugzilla refers to an issue entered into the database
          which has an associated number, assignments, comments, etc. Some
          also refer to a "tickets" or "issues"; in the context of
          Bugzilla, they are synonymous.

   Bug Number
          Each Bugzilla bug is assigned a number that uniquely identifies
          that bug. The bug associated with a bug number can be pulled up
          via a query, or easily from the very front page by typing the
          number in the "Find" box.

   Bugzilla
          Bugzilla is the world-leading free software bug tracking system.

C

   Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
          CGI is an acronym for Common Gateway Interface. This is a
          standard for interfacing an external application with a web
          server. Bugzilla is an example of a CGI application.

   Component
          A Component is a subsection of a Product. It should be a narrow
          category, tailored to your organization. All Products must
          contain at least one Component (and, as a matter of fact,
          creating a Product with no Components will create an error in
          Bugzilla).

   Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN)
          CPAN stands for the "Comprehensive Perl Archive Network". CPAN
          maintains a large number of extremely useful Perl modules -
          encapsulated chunks of code for performing a particular task.

   contrib
          The contrib directory is a location to put scripts that have
          been contributed to Bugzilla but are not a part of the official
          distribution. These scripts are written by third parties and may
          be in languages other than perl. For those that are in perl,
          there may be additional modules or other requirements than those
          of the official distribution.

          Note

   Scripts in the contrib directory are not officially supported by the
   Bugzilla team and may break in between versions.

D

   daemon
          A daemon is a computer program which runs in the background. In
          general, most daemons are started at boot time via System V init
          scripts, or through RC scripts on BSD-based systems. mysqld, the
          MySQL server, and apache, a web server, are generally run as
          daemons.

   DOS Attack
          A DOS, or Denial of Service attack, is when a user attempts to
          deny access to a web server by repeatedly accessing a page or
          sending malformed requests to a webserver. A D-DOS, or
          Distributed Denial of Service attack, is when these requests
          come from multiple sources at the same time. Unfortunately,
          these are much more difficult to defend against.

G

   Groups
          The word "Groups" has a very special meaning to Bugzilla.
          Bugzilla's main security mechanism comes by placing users in
          groups, and assigning those groups certain privileges to view
          bugs in particular Products in the Bugzilla database.

J

   JavaScript
          JavaScript is cool, we should talk about it.

M

   Message Transport Agent (MTA)
          A Message Transport Agent is used to control the flow of email
          on a system. The Email::Send Perl module, which Bugzilla uses to
          send email, can be configured to use many different underlying
          implementations for actually sending the mail using the
          mail_delivery_method parameter. Implementations other than
          sendmail require that the sendmailnow param be set to on.

   MySQL
          MySQL is one of the supported RDBMS for Bugzilla. MySQL can be
          downloaded from http://www.mysql.com. While you should
          familiarize yourself with all of the documentation, some high
          points are:

        Backup
                Methods for backing up your Bugzilla database.

        Option Files
                Information about how to configure MySQL using my.cnf.

        Privilege System
                Information about how to protect your MySQL server.

P

   Perl Package Manager (PPM)
          http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Downloads/ActivePerl/PPM/

   Product
          A Product is a broad category of types of bugs, normally
          representing a single piece of software or entity. In general,
          there are several Components to a Product. A Product may define
          a group (used for security) for all bugs entered into its
          Components.

   Perl
          First written by Larry Wall, Perl is a remarkable program
          language. It has the benefits of the flexibility of an
          interpreted scripting language (such as shell script), combined
          with the speed and power of a compiled language, such as C.
          Bugzilla is maintained in Perl.

Q

   QA
          "QA", "Q/A", and "Q.A." are short for "Quality Assurance". In
          most large software development organizations, there is a team
          devoted to ensuring the product meets minimum standards before
          shipping. This team will also generally want to track the
          progress of bugs over their life cycle, thus the need for the
          "QA Contact" field in a bug.

R

   Relational DataBase Management System (RDBMS)
          A relational database management system is a database system
          that stores information in tables that are related to each
          other.

   Regular Expression (regexp)
          A regular expression is an expression used for pattern matching.
          Documentation

S

   Service
          In Windows NT environment, a boot-time background application is
          referred to as a service. These are generally managed through
          the control panel while logged in as an account with
          "Administrator" level capabilities. For more information,
          consult your Windows manual or the MSKB.

   SGML
          SGML stands for "Standard Generalized Markup Language". Created
          in the 1980's to provide an extensible means to maintain
          documentation based upon content instead of presentation, SGML
          has withstood the test of time as a robust, powerful language.
          XML is the "baby brother" of SGML; any valid XML document it, by
          definition, a valid SGML document. The document you are reading
          is written and maintained in SGML, and is also valid XML if you
          modify the Document Type Definition.

T

   Target Milestone
          Target Milestones are Product goals. They are configurable on a
          per-Product basis. Most software development houses have a
          concept of "milestones" where the people funding a project
          expect certain functionality on certain dates. Bugzilla
          facilitates meeting these milestones by giving you the ability
          to declare by which milestone a bug will be fixed, or an
          enhancement will be implemented.

   Tool Command Language (TCL)
          TCL is an open source scripting language available for Windows,
          Macintosh, and Unix based systems. Bugzilla 1.0 was written in
          TCL but never released. The first release of Bugzilla was 2.0,
          which was when it was ported to perl.

Z

   Zarro Boogs Found
          This is just a goofy way of saying that there were no bugs found
          matching your query. When asked to explain this message, Terry
          had the following to say:



   I've been asked to explain this ... way back when, when Netscape
   released version 4.0 of its browser, we had a release party. Naturally,
   there had been a big push to try and fix every known bug before the
   release. Naturally, that hadn't actually happened. (This is not unique
   to Netscape or to 4.0; the same thing has happened with every software
   project I've ever seen.) Anyway, at the release party, T-shirts were
   handed out that said something like "Netscape 4.0: Zarro Boogs". Just
   like the software, the T-shirt had no known bugs. Uh-huh.
   So, when you query for a list of bugs, and it gets no results, you can
   think of this as a friendly reminder. Of *course* there are bugs
   matching your query, they just aren't in the bugsystem yet...

          --Terry Weissman
