# GithubAPI

[![Gem Version](https://badge.fury.io/rb/github_api.png)](http://badge.fury.io/rb/github_api) [![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/peter-murach/github.png?branch=master)][travis] [![Dependency Status](https://gemnasium.com/peter-murach/github.png?travis)][gemnasium] [![Code Climate](https://codeclimate.com/badge.png)][codeclimate] [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/peter-murach/github/badge.png?branch=master)][coveralls]

[travis]: http://travis-ci.org/peter-murach/github
[gemnasium]: https://gemnasium.com/peter-murach/github
[codeclimate]: https://codeclimate.com/github/peter-murach/github
[coveralls]: https://coveralls.io/r/peter-murach/github

[Wiki](https://github.com/peter-murach/github/wiki) | [RDocs](http://rubydoc.info/github/peter-murach/github/master/frames)

A Ruby wrapper for the GitHub REST API v3.

Supports all the API methods(nearly 200). It's build in a modular way, that is, you can either instantiate the whole api wrapper Github.new or use parts of it e.i. Github::Repos.new if working solely with repositories is your main concern.

## Features

* Intuitive GitHub API interface navigation. [usage](#usage)
* Modular design allows for working with parts of API. [api](#api)
* Fully customizable including advanced middleware stack construction. [config](#advanced-configuration)
* Its comprehensive, you can request all GitHub API resources.
* Support OAuth2 authorization. [oauth](#oauth)
* Flexible arguments parsing, you can write expressive and natural queries. [params]()
* Requests pagination with convenient DSL and automatic option. [pagination](#pagination)
* Easy error handling split for client and server type errors. [error](#error-handling)
* Supports multithreaded environment.
* Custom media types specification through 'media' parameter. [media](#media-types)
* Request results caching (Status: TODO)
* Fully tested with test coverage above 90% with over 1,600 specs and 900 features. [testing](#testing)

## Installation

Install the gem by issuing

```ruby
gem install github_api
```

or put it in your Gemfile and run `bundle install`

```ruby
gem "github_api"
```

## Usage

To start using the gem you can either perform direct call on the `Github`

```ruby
Github.repos.list user: 'wycats'
```

or create a new client instance

```ruby
github = Github.new
```

At this stage you can also supply various configuration parameters, such as
```
  adapter          # http client used for performing requests
  auto_pagination  # by default false, set to true traverses requests page links
  oauth_token      # oauth authorization token
  basic_auth       # login:password string
  client_id        # oauth client id
  client_secret    # oauth client secret
  user             # global user used in requets if none provided
  repo             # global repository used in requests in none provided
  org              # global organization used in request if none provided
  endpoint         # enterprise api endpoint
  site             # enterprise api web endpoint
  ssl              # ssl settings
  per_page         # number of items per page, max 100
  user_agent       # custom user agent name, by default 'Github API'
```
which are used throughout the API. These can be passed directly as hash options:

```ruby
github = Github.new oauth_token: 'token'
```

Alternatively, you can configure the Github settings by passing a block, for instance, with custom enterprise endpoint and website like

```ruby
github = Github.new do |config|
  config.endpoint    = 'https://github.company.com/api/v3'
  config.site        = 'https://github.company.com'
  config.oauth_token = 'token'
  config.adapter     = :net_http
  config.ssl         = {:verify => false}
end
```

You can authenticate either using OAuth authentication convenience methods(see section OAuth) or through basic authentication by passing your login and password credentials

```ruby
github = Github.new login:'peter-murach', password:'...'
```

or use convenience method:

```ruby
github = Github.new basic_auth: 'login:password'
```

This gem closely mirros the GitHub Api hierarchy e.i. if you want to create a download resource,
lookup the github api spec and issue the request as in `github.repos.downloads.create`

For example to interact with GitHub Repositories API, issue the following calls that correspond directly to the GitHub API hierarchy

```ruby
github.repos.commits.all  'user-name', 'repo-name'
github.repos.hooks.create 'user-name', 'repo-name', name: "web", active: true
github.repos.keys.get     'user-name', 'repo-name'
```

The code base is modular and allows for you to work specifically with a given part of GitHub API e.g. blobs

```ruby
blobs = Github::GitData::Blobs.new
blobs.create 'peter-murach', 'github', content: 'Blob content'
```

The response is of type [Hashie::Mash] and allows to traverse all the json response attributes like method calls e.i.

```ruby
repos = Github::Repos.new :user => 'peter-murach', :repo => 'github'
repos.branches do |branch|
  puts branch.name
end
```

## Arguments & Parameters

The library allows for flexible arguments parsing. Therefore arguments can be passed during instance creation:

```ruby
  issues = Github::Issues.new user: 'peter-murach', repo: 'github'
  issues.milestones.list state: 'open'
```

Further, arguments can be passed directly inside method called but then the order of parameters matters and hence please consult the method documentation or GitHub specification. For instance:

```ruby
  issues = Github::Issues.new
  issues.milestones.list 'peter-murach', 'github', state: 'open'
```

Similarly, the arguments for the request can be passed inside the current scope such as:

```ruby
  issues = Github::Issues.new
  issues.milestones(user: 'peter-murach', repo: 'github').list
```

But why limit ourselves? You can mix and match arguments, for example:

```ruby
  issues = Github::Issues.new user: 'peter-murach'
  issues.milestones(repo: 'github').list
  issues.milestones(repo: 'tty').list
```

Finally, you can use a bit of syntactic sugar common among ruby libraries whereby "username/repository" can be passed as well:

```ruby
  issues = Github::Issues.new
  issues.milestones('peter-murach/github').list
  issues.milestones.list 'peter-murach/github'
```

Finally, use `with` scope to clearly denote your requests

```ruby
  issues = Github::Issues.new
  issues.milestones.with(user:'peter-murach', repo: 'github').list
```

Some API methods apart from required parameters such as username, repository name
or organisation name, allow you to switch the way the data is returned to you, for instance

```ruby
github = Github.new
github.git_data.trees.get 'peter-murach', 'github', 'c18647b75d72f19c1e0cc8af031e5d833b7f12ea'
# => gets a tree

github.git_data.trees.get 'peter-murach', 'github', 'c18647b75d72f19c1e0cc8af031e5d833b7f12ea',
  recursive: true # => gets a whole tree recursively
```

by passing a block you can iterate over the file tree

```ruby
github.git_data.trees.get 'peter-murach', 'github', 'c18647b75d72f19c1e0cc8af031e5d833b7f12ea',
  recursive: true do |file|
    puts file.path
end
```

## Advanced Configuration

The `github_api` gem will use the default middleware stack which is exposed by calling `stack` on client instance. However, this stack can be freely modified with methods such as `insert`, `insert_after`, `delete` and `swap`. For instance to add your `CustomMiddleware` do

```ruby
github = Github.new do |config|
  config.stack.insert_after Github::Response::Helpers, CustomMiddleware
end
```

Furthermore, you can build your entire custom stack and specify other connection options such as `adapter`

```ruby
github = Github.new do |config|
  config.adapter :excon

  config.stack do |builder|
    builder.use Github::Response::Helpers
    builder.use Github::Response::Jsonize
  end
end
```

## API

Main API methods are grouped into the following classes that can be instantiated on their own

```ruby
Github         - full API access

Github::Gists           Github::GitData    Github::Repos             Github::Search
Github::Orgs            Github::Issues     Github::Authorizations
Github::PullRequests    Github::Users      Github::Activity
```

Some parts of GitHub API v3 require you to be autheticated, for instance the following are examples of APIs only for the authenticated user

```ruby
Github::Users::Emails
Github::Users::Keys
```

All method calls form ruby like sentences and allow for intuitive api navigation, for instance

```ruby
github = Github.new :oauth_token => '...'
github.users.followers.following 'wycats'  # => returns users that 'wycats' is following
github.users.followers.following 'wycats' # => returns true if following, otherwise false
```

For specification on all available methods go to http://developer.github.com/v3/ or
read the rdoc, all methods are documented there with examples of usage.

Alternatively, you can find out supported methods by calling `actions` on a class instance in your `irb`:

```ruby
>> Github::Repos.actions                    >> github.issues.actions
---                                         ---
|--> all                                    |--> all
|--> branches                               |--> comments
|--> collaborators                          |--> create
|--> commits                                |--> edit
|--> contribs                               |--> events
|--> contributors                           |--> find
|--> create                                 |--> get
|--> downloads                              |--> labels
|--> edit                                   |--> list
|--> find                                   |--> list_repo
|--> forks                                  |--> list_repository
|--> get                                    |--> milestones
|--> hooks                                  ...
...
```

## OAuth

In order to authenticate the user through OAuth2 on GitHub you need to

* visit https://github.com/settings/applications/new and register your app
  You will need to be logged in to initially register the application.

* authorize your credentials https://github.com/login/oauth/authorize
  You can use convenience methods to help you achieve this that come with this gem:

```ruby
github = Github.new :client_id => '...', :client_secret => '...'
github.authorize_url :redirect_uri => 'http://localhost', :scope => 'repo'
# => "https://github.com/login/oauth/authorize?scope=repo&response_type=code&client_id='...'&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost"
```
After you get your authorization code, call to receive your access_token

```ruby
token = github.get_token( authorization_code )
```

Once you have your access token, configure your github instance following instructions under Configuration.

**Note**: If you are working locally (i.e. your app URL and callback URL are localhost), do not specify a ```:redirect_uri``` otherwise you will get a ```redirect_uri_mismatch``` error.

### Authorizations API

Alternatively you can use OAuth Authorizations API. For instance, to create access token through GitHub API you required to pass your basic credentials as in the following:

```ruby
github = Github.new basic_auth: 'login:password'
github.oauth.create 'scopes' => ['repo']
```

You can add more than one scope from the `user`, `public_repo`, `repo`, `gist` or leave the scopes parameter out, in which case, the default read-only access will be assumed(includes public user profile info, public repo info, and gists).

### Scopes

You can check OAuth scopes you have by:

```ruby
  github = Github.new :oauth_token => 'token'
  github.scopes.list    # => ['repo']
```

To list the scopes that the particular Github API action checks for do:

```ruby
  repos = Github::Repos.new
  res = repos.list :user => 'peter-murach'
  res.headers.accepted_oauth_scopes    # => ['delete_repo', 'repo', 'public_repo', 'repo:status']
```

To understand what each scope means refer to [documentation](http://developer.github.com/v3/oauth/#scopes)

## SSL

By default requests over SSL are set to OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER. However, you can turn off peer verification by

```ruby
  Github.new ssl: { verify: false }
```

If your client fails to find CA certs you can pass other SSL options to specify exactly how the information is sourced

```ruby
  ssl: {
    client_cert: "/usr/local/www.example.com/client_cert.pem"
    client_key:  "/user/local/www.example.com/client_key.pem"
    ca_file:     "example.com.cert"
    ca_path:     "/etc/ssl/"
  }
```

For instance, download CA root certificates from Mozilla [cacert](http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem) and point ca_file at your certificate bundle location.
This will allow the client to verify the github.com ssl certificate as authentic.

## Media Types

You can specify custom media types to choose the format of the data you wish to receive. To make things easier you can specify the following shortcuts
`json`, `blob`, `raw`, `text`, `html`, `full`. For instance:

```ruby
github = Github.new
github.issues.get 'peter-murach', 'github', 108, media: 'text'
```

This will be expanded into `application/vnd.github.v3.text+json`

If you wish to specify the version pass `media: 'beta.text'` which will be converted to `application/vnd/github.beta.text+json`.

Finally, you can always pass the whole accept header like so

```ruby
github.issues.get 'peter-murach', 'github', 108, accept: 'application/vnd.github.raw'
```

## Configuration

Certain methods require authentication. To get your GitHub OAuth v2 credentials,
register an app at https://github.com/settings/applications/
You will need to be logged in to register the application.

```ruby
Github.configure do |config|
  config.oauth_token   = YOUR_OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN
  config.basic_auth    = 'login:password'
end

or

Github.new(:oauth_token => YOUR_OAUTH_TOKEN)
Github.new(:basic_auth => 'login:password')
```

All parameters can be overwirtten as per method call. By passing parameters hash...


By default no caching will be performed. In order to set the cache do... If no cache type is provided a default memoization is done.

## Pagination

Any request that returns multiple items will be paginated to 30 items by default. You can specify custom `page` and `per_page` query parameters to alter default behavior. For instance:

```ruby
repos = Github::Repos.new
repos.list user: 'wycats', per_page: 10, page: 5
```

Then you can query pagination information included in the link header by:

```ruby
res.links.first  # Shows the URL of the first page of results.
res.links.next   # Shows the URL of the immediate next page of results.
res.links.prev   # Shows the URL of the immediate previous page of results.
res.links.last   # Shows the URL of the last page of results.
```

In order to iterate through the entire result set page by page, you can use convenience methods:

```ruby
res.each_page do |page|
  page.each do |repo|
    puts repo.name
  end
end
```

or use `has_next_page?` and `next_page` like in the following:

```ruby
while res.has_next_page?
  ... process response ...
  res.next_page
end
```

Alternatively, you can retrieve all pages in one invocation by passing `auto_pagination` option like so:

```ruby
  github = Github.new auto_pagination: true
```

Depending at what stage you pass the `auto_pagination` it will affect all or only single request:

```ruby
  Github::Repos.new auto_pagination: true         # affects Repos part of API

  Github::Repos.new.list user: '...', auto_pagination: true  # affects single request
```

One can also navigate straight to specific page by:

```ruby
res.count_pages  # Number of pages
res.page 5       # Requests given page if it exists, nil otherwise
res.first_page   # Get first page
res.next_page    # Get next page
res.prev_page    # Get previous page
res.last_page    # Get last page
```

## Error Handling

The generic error class `Github::Error::GithubError` will handle both the client(`Github::Error::ClientError`) and service(`Github::Error::ServiceError`) side errors. For instance in your code you can catch erros like

```ruby
begin
  # Do something with github_api gem
rescue Github::Error::GithubError => e
  puts e.message

  if e.is_a? Github::Error::ServiceError
    # handle GitHub service errors such as 404
  elsif e.is_a? Github::Error::ClientError
    # handle client errors e.i. missing required parameter in request
  end
end
```

## Response Message

Each response comes packaged with methods allowing for inspection of HTTP start line and headers. For example to check for rate limits and status code issue

```ruby
res = Github::Repos.new.branches 'peter-murach', 'github'
res.headers.ratelimit_limit     # "5000"
res.headers.ratelimit_remainig  # "4999"
res.headers.status              # "200"
res.headers.content_type        # "application/json; charset=utf-8"
res.headers.etag                # "\"2c5dfc54b3fe498779ef3a9ada9a0af9\""
res.headers.cache_control       # "public, max-age=60, s-maxage=60"
```

## Examples

Some api methods require input parameters, these are added simply as a hash properties, for instance

```ruby
issues = Github::Issues.new user:'peter-murach', repo: 'github-api'
issues.milestones.list state: 'open', sort: 'due_date', direction: 'asc'
```

Other methods may require inputs as an array of strings

```ruby
users = Github::Users.new oauth_token: 'token'
users.emails.add 'email1', 'email2', ..., 'emailn' # => Adds emails to the authenticated user
```

If a method returns a collection, you can iterator over it by supplying a block parameter,

```ruby
events = Github::Activity::Events.new
events.public do |event|
  puts event.actor.login
end
```

Query requests instead of http responses return boolean values

```ruby
github = Github.new
github.orgs.members.public_member? 'github', 'technoweenie' # => true
```

## Rails Example

A Rails controller that allows a user to authorize their GitHub account and then perform request.

```ruby
class GithubController < ApplicationController

  attr_accessor :github
  private :github

  def authorize
    github  = Github.new client_id: '...', client_secret: '...'
    address = github.authorize_url redirect_uri: 'http://...', scope: 'repo'
    redirect_to address
  end

  def callback
    authorization_code = params[:code]
    access_token = github.get_token authorization_code
    access_token.token   # => returns token value
  end
end
```

## Testing

The test suite is split into two groups `live` and `mock`.

The `live` tests are the ones in `features` folder and they simply exercise the GitHub API by making live requests and then being cached with VCR in directory named `features\cassettes`. For details on how to get setup please navigate to `features` folder.

The `mock` tests are in `spec` directory and their primary concern is to test the gem internals without the hindrance of external calls.

## Development

Questions or problems? Please post them on the [issue tracker](https://github.com/peter-murach/github/issues). You can contribute changes by forking the project and submitting a pull request. You can ensure the tests are passing by running `bundle` and `rake`.

## Copyright

Copyright (c) 2011-2013 Piotr Murach. See LICENSE.txt for further details.
