NAME
last —
indicate last logins of users
and ttys
SYNOPSIS
last |
[-n]
[-nTx]
[-f file]
[-H
hostsize]
[-h host]
[-L
linesize]
[-N
namesize]
[-t tty]
[user ...] |
DESCRIPTION
last will list the sessions of specified
users,
ttys, and
hosts, in reverse time order. Each line of output
contains the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any
hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration of the
session. If the session is still continuing or was cut short by a crash or
shutdown,
last will so indicate.
The following options are available:
-
-
- -n
- Limits the report to n lines.
-
-
- -f
file
- last reads the file
file instead of the default,
/var/log/wtmpx or /var/log/wtmp. If
the file ends with ‘x’, it is treated as a
utmpx(5) format file, else it
is treated as a utmp(5) format
file. If the file is ``-'', standard input is used.
-
-
- -H
hostsize
- Use the provided hostsize as the width to format the host
name field.
-
-
- -h
host
- Host names may be names or internet
numbers.
-
-
- -L
linesize
- Use the provided linesize as the width to format the tty
field.
-
-
- -N
namesize
- Use the provided namesize as the width to format the login
name field.
-
-
- -n
- Print host addresses numerically. This option works only on
wtmpx(5) entries, and prints
nothing on wtmp(5)
entries.
-
-
- -T
- Display better time information, including the year and
seconds.
-
-
- -t
tty
- Specify the tty. Tty names may be
given fully or abbreviated, for example, “
last -t
03
” is equivalent to “last -t
tty03
”.
-
-
- -x
- Assume that the file given is in
wtmpx(5) format, even if the
filename does not end with an ‘x’. Also useful when reading
such format from standard input.
If multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of the
arguments is printed, e.g., “
last root -t
console
” would list all of
“
root
's” sessions as well as all sessions
on the console terminal. If no users, hostnames, or terminals are specified,
last prints a record of all logins and logouts.
The pseudo-user
reboot logs in at reboots of the system,
thus “
last reboot
” will give an indication
of mean time between reboot.
If
last is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search
has progressed. If interrupted with a quit signal
last
indicates how far the search has progressed and then continues.
FILES
- /var/log/wtmp
- login data base
- /var/log/wtmpx
- login data base
SEE ALSO
lastcomm(1),
utmp(5),
utmpx(5),
ac(8),
lastlogin(8)
HISTORY
last appeared in
1BSD.