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Tivoli Storage Manager for UNIX Backup-Archive Clients Installation and User's Guide


Glossary

Term definitions in this glossary pertain to the Tivoli Storage Manager library. If you do not find a term you are looking for, you can refer to the following publications:

This glossary may include terms and definitions from:

A

absolute
A copy group mode value that indicates a file is considered for incremental backup even though the file has not changed since the last time it was backed up. See mode. Contrast with modified.

access control list (ACL)
  1. In computer security, a collection of all access rights for one object.
  2. In computer security, a list associated with an object that identifies all the subjects that can access the object and their access rights; for example, a list associated with a file that identifies users who can access the file and identifies their access rights to that file.

ACL
access control list

active policy set
The policy set within a policy domain that contains the most recently activated policy. All client nodes assigned to the current policy domain use this policy set. See policy set.

active version
The most recent backup copy of a file stored in Tivoli Storage Manager storage for a file that currently exists on a file server or workstation. An active version remains active and exempt from deletion until:

administrative client
A program that runs on a file server, workstation, or mainframe. This program lets administrators monitor and control Tivoli Storage Manager servers using administrator commands. Contrast with backup-archive client.

administrator
A user who is registered to the server as an administrator. Administrators may possess one or more privilege classes. Administrators can use the administrative client to enter Tivoli Storage Manager server commands and queries according to their privileges.

aggregate data transfer rate
Dividing the total number of bytes transferred by the elapsed processing time calculates the data transfer rate.

archive
A function permitting users to copy one or more files to a long-term storage device. Archive copies can:

Contrast with retrieve.

archive copy
A file or group of files residing in an archive storage pool in Tivoli Storage Manager storage.

archive copy group
A policy object containing attributes that control the generation, destination, and expiration of archived files. The archive copy group belongs to a management class.

archive retention grace period
The number of days Tivoli Storage Manager retains an archived copy when the server is unable to rebind the file to an appropriate management class.

authentication
The process of checking and authorizing a user's password before permitting user access to the Tivoli Storage Manager server. An administrator with system privilege can enable or disable authentication.

authorization rule
A specification permitting another user to either restore or retrieve a user's files from Tivoli Storage Manager storage.

Authorized User
A user who has administrative authority for the Tivoli Storage Manager client on a workstation. This user changes passwords, performs open registrations, and deletes file spaces. An Authorized User is any user running with a real user ID of 0 (root) or a user who owns an executable whose owner execution permission bit is set to s. In the following example, the user tivoli is an Authorized User while running dsmc since the dsmc owner execution permission bit is set to s:
   -rwsr-xr-x  1  tivoli  dsmdev  2880479  Nov  5 13:42  dsmc* 

automounted file system (AutoFS)
A file system managed by an automounter daemon. The automounter daemon monitors a specified directory path and automatically mounts the file system to access data.

B

backup
A function permitting users to copy one or more files to a storage pool to protect against data loss. Contrast with restore.

backup-archive client
A program that runs on a file server, PC, or workstation and provides a means for users to back up, archive, restore, and retrieve files. Contrast with administrative client.

backup copy group
A policy object that contains attributes controlling the generation, destination, and expiration of backup files. The backup copy group belongs to a management class.

backup retention grace period
The number of days Tivoli Storage Manager retains a backup version when the server is unable to rebind the file to an appropriate management class.

backup version
A backed up file, directory, or file space that resides in a backup storage pool in Tivoli Storage Manager storage. The active version is the most recent backup version. See active version and inactive version.

binding
The process of associating a file with a management class name.

boot
To prepare a computer system for operation by loading an operating system.

C

central scheduling
A function permitting an administrator to schedule backup and archive operations from a central location. Schedule operations on a periodic basis or on an explicit date.

client
A program running on a file server, PC, workstation, or terminal that requests services of another program called the server. There are two types of Tivoli Storage Manager clients: administrative and backup-archive. See administrative client and backup-archive client.

client domain
The set of drives, file systems, or volumes selected by a user for processing during a backup or archive operation.

client node
A file server or workstation registered with the server on which the backup-archive client program is installed.

client polling
A client and server communication technique where the client node queries the server for scheduled work.

client/server
A communications network architecture in which one or more programs (clients) request computing or data services from another program (the server).

client system options file
An editable file that contains communication, authorization, central scheduling, backup, archive, and space management options. A root user on your workstation sets the options in a client system options file. The file name is dsm.sys located in your Tivoli Storage Manager installation directory.

client user options file
A user-editable file containing options that identify the Tivoli Storage Manager server to contact, specify backup, archive, restore, retrieve, and space management options, and set date, time, and number formats. The file name is dsm.opt located in your Tivoli Storage Manager installation directory.

closed registration
A registration process in which a Tivoli Storage Manager administrator must register workstations as client nodes with the server. Contrast with open registration.

command line interface
A type of user interface where commands are specified on the command line. Contrast with graphical user interface.

communication method
The method by which a client and server exchange information. For Tivoli Storage Manager backup-archive clients, the method can be TCP/IP. See Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

communication protocol
A set of defined interfaces that permits computers to communicate with each other.

copy group
A policy object that contains attributes that control backup and archive file:

Backup and archive copy groups belong to management classes. See frequency, destination, mode, retention, serialization, and version.

D

default management class
A management class assigned to a policy set. This class is used to govern backed up or archived files when a user does not explicitly associate a file with a specific management class through the include-exclude list.

destination
A copy group attribute that specifies the storage pool in which to back up or archive a file. At installation, Tivoli Storage Manager provides two storage destinations named backuppool and archivepool.

domain
See policy domain or client domain.

drag
Move the mouse while holding down the mouse button, thus moving the selected object.

drag-and-drop
Move (drag) an object on top of another object and release the mouse button, thus relocating the object.

dsm.opt file
See options file. See also client user options file. Also called client options file.

dsm.sys file
See options file or client system options file.

dynamic
A copy group serialization value that specifies Tivoli Storage Manager accept the first attempt to back up or archive an object, regardless of any changes made during backup or archive processing. See serialization. Contrast with shared dynamic, shared static, and static.

E

error log
A text file written on disk that contains Tivoli Storage Manager processing error messages. The Tivoli Storage Manager server detects and saves these errors.

exclude
To identify files in an include-exclude list that you do not want to include in a specific client operation, such as backup or archive.

exabyte (EB)
(1) For processor storage, real and virtual storage, and channel volume, 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes. (2) For disk storage capacity and communications volume, 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes.

expiration
The process in which files are identified for deletion because their expiration date or retention period is passed. Backups or archives are marked for deletion based on the criteria defined in the backup or archive copy group.

F

file server
A dedicated computer and its peripheral storage devices connected to a local area network that stores both programs and files shared by users on the network.

file space
A logical space on the Tivoli Storage Manager server that contains a group of files. In Tivoli Storage Manager, users can restore, retrieve, or delete file spaces from Tivoli Storage Manager storage. A file space for systems:

frequency
A copy group attribute that specifies the minimum interval, in days, between incremental backups.

fuzzy backup
A backup version of a file that might not accurately reflect what is currently in the file because the file was backed up at the same time as it was being modified.

fuzzy copy
An archive copy of a file that might not accurately reflect what is currently in the file because Tivoli Storage Manager archived the file while the file was being modified.

G

generate password
Processing that stores a new password in an encrypted password file when the old password expires. Automatic generation of a password prevents password prompting. Password generation can be set in the options file (passwordaccess option). See options file.

gigabyte (GB)
(1) One billion (109) bytes. (2) When referring to memory capacity, 1 073 741 824 in decimal notation.

GPFS node set
A set of AIX SP nodes that can mount a defined group of GPFS file systems.

graphical user interface (GUI)
A graphical user interface offers pictoral rather than text-based access to a computer. A graphical user interface includes:

Contrast with command line interface. See windowed interface.

GUI
Graphical user interface.

H

hierarchical storage management client
A program that runs on a workstation or file server to provide space management services. The hierarchical storage management client automatically migrates eligible files to Tivoli Storage Manager storage to maintain specific levels of free space on local file systems. Automatic recalls are made for migrated files when they are accessed. Users are also permitted to migrate and recall specific files.

HSM
Hierarchical Storage Management.

I

image
A full file system or raw logical volume backup as a single object.

inactive version
A copy of a backup file in Tivoli Storage Manager storage that either is not the most recent version, or the corresponding original file was deleted from the client file system. Inactive backup versions are eligible for expiration according to the management class assigned to the file.

include-exclude file
A file containing statements to determine the files to back up and the associated management classes to use for backup or archive. See include-exclude list.

include-exclude list
A list of include and exclude options that include or exclude selected files for backup. An exclude option identifies files that should not be backed up. An include option identifies files that are exempt from the exclusion rules or assigns a management class to a file or a group of files for backup or archive services. The include-exclude list is defined in one or more include-exclude files or in the client system options file. The include-exclude list may contain entries from any or all of the following sources: the client options file (Windows), the client system options file (Unix), separate include-exclude files, or the Tivoli Storage Manager server. See options file.

incremental backup
A function that permits user to back up new or changed files or directories from a client domain or from specified file systems, directories, or files. These file systems, directories, or files are not excluded in the include-exclude list and meet the requirements for frequency, mode, and serialization as defined by a backup copy group of the management class assigned to each file. Contrast with selective backup.

inode
A data structure that describes the individual files in an operating system. There is one inode for each file. The number of inodes in a file system, and therefore the maximum number of files a file system can contain, is set when the file system is created. Hardlinked files share the same inode.

inode number
A number that specifies a particular inode in a file system.

IPL
Initial Program Load. See boot and reboot.

L

LAN
Local area network.

LAN-free data transfer
The movement of client data between the client and a storage device over a SAN, bypassing the LAN.

Local Area Network (LAN)
A variable-sized communications network placed in one location. LAN connects servers, PCs, workstations, a network operating system, access methods, and communications software and links.

logical unit number (LUN)
A logical unit number (LUN) is a unique identifier used on a SCSI bus that enables it to differentiate between up to eight separate devices (each of which is a logical unit). Each LUN is a unique number that identifies a specific logical unit, which may be a hard disk, tape drive, or other device which understands the SCSI protocol.

logical volume backup
A back up of a file system or logical volume as a single object

Loopback Virtual File System (LOFS)
A file system created by mounting a directory over another local directory, also known as mount-over-mount. A LOFS can also be generated using an automounter.

M

management class
A policy object that is a named collection of copy groups. A management class is associated with a file to specify how the server should manage backup versions or archive copies of workstation files. See binding and copy group.

mode
A copy group attribute that specifies whether a backup file should be created for a file that was not modified since the last time the file was backed up. See absolute and modified.

modified
A backup copy group attribute indicating a file is considered for backup only if the file has been changed since the last backup. A file is considered changed if the date, size, owner, or permissions have changed. See absolute and mode.

N

NAS node
A type of node that is a NAS file server. The NAS node name uniquely identifies the NAS file server and its data to Tivoli Storage Manager. Through support of Network Data Management Protocol (NDMP), Tivoli Storage Manager can efficiently back up and restore NAS file systems to tape drives or libraries that are locally attached to the NAS file servers.

NDMP
Network Data Management Protocol.

Network Attached Storage (NAS) file server
A network attached storage (NAS) device is a specialized file-serving box whose operating system is streamlined and optimized for file-serving functions. Through support of Network Data Management Protocol (NDMP), Tivoli Storage Manager can efficiently back up and restore NAS file systems to tape drives or libraries that are locally attached to the NAS file servers.

Network Data Management Protocol
Open standard network protocol. Enables efficient back up and restore of Network Attached Storage (NAS) file systems to tape drives or libraries that are locally attached to the NAS file servers.

network data transfer rate
The data transfer rate calculated by dividing the total number of bytes transferred by the data transfer time. For example, the time spent transferring data over the network.

node
See client node.

node name
A unique name used to identify a workstation, file server, or PC to the server.

O

offline volume backup
During an offline volume image backup, the volume is locked so that no other system applications can access it during the operation.

online volume backup
During an online volume image backup, the volume is available to other system applications during the operation.

open registration
A registration process in which users can register their own workstations or PCs as client nodes with the server. Contrast with closed registration.

options file
A file that contains processing options.

owner
The owner of backup-archive files sent from a multi-user client node, such as AIX.

P

pattern-matching character
See wildcard character.

plug-in
A self-contained software component that modifies (adds or changes) function in a particular software system. When you add a plug-in to a software system, the foundation of the original software system remains intact.

policy domain
A policy object that contains one or more policy sets. Client nodes are associated with a policy domain. See policy set, management class, and copy group.

policy set
A policy object that contains a group of management class definitions that exist for a policy domain. At any one time, there can be many policy sets within a policy domain, but only one policy set can be active. See active policy set and management class.

progress indicator
A control used to inform a user about the progress of a process.

R

raw logical volume
A portion of a physical volume which is comprised of unallocated blocks and has no Journaled File System (JFS) definition. A raw logical volume is read/write accessible only through low level I/O functions.

reboot
To restart the operating system.

registration
The process of identifying a client node or administrator to the server by specifying a user ID, password, and contact information. For client nodes, a policy domain, compression status, and deletion privileges are also specified.

restore
A function that permits users to copy a version of a backup file from the storage pool to a workstation or file server. The backup copy in the storage pool is not affected. Contrast with backup.

retention
The amount of time, in days, that inactive backed up or archived files are retained in the storage pool before they are deleted. The following copy group attributes define retention: retain extra versions, retain only version, retain version.

retrieve
A function permitting users to copy an archived file from the storage pool to the workstation or file server. The archive copy in the storage pool is not affected. Contrast with archive.

root user (UNIX)
The authority level for a root user permits this user to do authorized tasks for Tivoli Storage Manager.

S

SAN
Storage area network.

scheduling mode
The type of scheduling operation for the client-server node. Tivoli Storage Manager supports two scheduling modes: client-polling and server-prompted.

scroll
Move through a list of items in a window by operating the scrollbars with the mouse cursor.

select
Choose an item from a list or group of items.

selective backup
A function permitting users to back up specified files. These files are not excluded in the include-exclude list and meet the requirement for serialization in the backup copy group of the management class assigned to each file. Contrast with incremental backup.

serialization
A copy group attribute that specifies whether a file can be modified during a backup or archive operation. See static, dynamic, shared static, and shared dynamic.

server
A program running on a mainframe, workstation, or file server that provides shared services such as backup and archive to other various (often remote) programs (called clients).

server-prompted scheduling
A client-server communication technique where the server contacts the client node when tasks need to be done.

session
A period of time in which a user can communicate with a server to perform backup, archive, restore, or retrieve requests.

shared dynamic
A Tivoli Storage Manager copy group serialization mode. This mode specifies if a file changes during backup or archive and continues to change after a number of retries. The last retry commits the file to the Tivoli Storage Manager server whether or not the file changed during backup or archive. Contrast with dynamic, shared static, and static.

shared static
A copy group serialization value specifying that a file must not be modified during a backup or archive operation. Tivoli Storage Manager attempts to retry the operation a number of times. If the file is in use during each attempt, the file is not backed up or archived. See serialization. Contrast with dynamic, shared dynamic, and static.

share point
A drive or directory on Windows NT, 2000, Me, XP, or Windows.Net whose files are available for shared access across a network. The share point name is part of a UNC name. See Universal Naming Convention (UNC) name.

shift-click
Click on an item while pressing the Shift key.

space management
The process of keeping sufficient free storage space available on a local file system for new data and making the most efficient and economical use of distributed storage resources.

special files
Special files define devices for the system or temporary files created by processes. There are three basic types of special files: FIFO (first-in, first-out), block, and character. FIFO files are also called pipes. Pipes are created by one process to temporarily allow communication with another process.These files cease to exist when the first process finishes. Block and character files define devices. Tivoli Storage Manager processes only device and named pipe special files. Socket special files are not processed.

snapshot
An image backup type. A snapshot is a point-in-time view of a volume. When you perform an online image backup, the Logical Volume Snapshot Agent (LVSA) takes a snapshot of the volume. Any changes that occur to the volume after the snapshot begins are not included in the backup.

stabilized file space
A file space that exists on the server but not on the client. This situation can arise in at least two instances:
  1. A drive is removed from a client workstation
  2. A file space is renamed on the server

Stabilized file spaces remain on the server until deleted by the user or administrator. Files and directories can be restored and retrieved from a stabilized file space. However, it is not possible to back up or archive data to a stabilized file space.

stanza
In the AIX OS, a stanza is a group of lines in a file that together have a common function or define a part of the system. The Tivoli Storage Manager Client System Options file (dsm.sys) contains a stanza for each server to which the client can connect. Each stanza begins with the servername option and ends at the next servername option or the end of file, whichever comes first. Each stanza must include communications options.

static
A copy group serialization value specifying that a file must not be modified during a backup or archive operation. If the file is in use during the first attempt, Tivoli Storage Manager will not back up or archive the file. See serialization. Contrast with dynamic, shared dynamic, and shared static.

storage area network (SAN)
A high-speed communications network optimized for storage.

storage agent
A program that enables Tivoli Storage Manager to back up and restore client data directly to and from SAN-attached storage.

storage pool
A named set of storage volumes used as the destination of backup, archive, or migrated copies.

system drive or partition
On Windows NT, the drive or partition on which Windows NT is installed.

T

TCA
Trusted Communications Agent

TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

timeout
A time event involving:

Tivoli Storage Manager
A client-server licensed program product that provides storage management and data access services to customers in a multivendor computer environment.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
A standard set of communication protocols that supports peer-to-peer connectivity of functions for both local and wide-area networks.

Trusted Communications Agent (TCA) (UNIX)
A program that can handle the sign-on password protocol when password access is generated. The main process (for example, dsm, dsmc) makes a run time decision based on the password access option setting, the user ID, and the executables' access privileges to run this program. The file that contains this program must have the 's' bit set in its mode field and the owner must be root.

V

version
Storage management policy may allow back-level copies of backed up objects to be kept at the server whenever an object is newly backed up. The most recent backed up copy is called the "active" version. Earlier copies are "inactive" versions. The following backup copy group attributes define version criteria: versions data exists, and versions data deleted.

W

wildcard character
An asterisk (*) or question mark (?) character used to represent multiple (*) or single (?) characters when searching for various combinations of characters in alphanumeric and symbolic names.

windowed interface
A type of user interface that is either a graphical user interface or a text-based interface. The text-based interface maintains a close affinity to the graphical user interface, including action bars and their associated pull-down menus and windows. See graphical user interface.

workstation
A programmable high-level workstation (usually on a network) with its own processing hardware such as a high-performance personal computer. In a local area network, a personal computer that acts as a single user or client. A workstation can also be used as a server.

world wide name
A unique 48 or 64 bit number assigned by a recognized naming authority (often via block assignment to a manufacturer) that identifies a connection or a set of connections to the network. Abbreviated WWN. A WWN is assigned for the life of a connection (device). Most networking technologies (e.g., Ethernet, FDDI, etc.) use a world wide name convention.


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