Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.22 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk 0 2404 1236720 1222936 2022-07-30T00:05:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.8 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="330px" style="margin-left:15px; border-collapse:collapse; border-color:#f2f2f4" |+<font size="+1">'''Shirikisho la Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Uhabeshi'''</font> (Kiswahili)<br />'''የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ''' (Kiamhara) | align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="50%" | [[Picha:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|165px|Bendera ya Uhabeshi]] | align="center" width="50%" | [[Picha:Emblem of Ethiopia.svg|165px|Nembo ya Uhabeshi]] |---- | align="center" | ([[Bendera ya Ethiopia]]) | align="center" | ([[Nembo ya Ethiopia]]) |} <!-- |---- |align="center" colspan="2" style="letter-spacing:0.5px; background-color:#f2f2f4" | Wahlspruch: ''""'' --> |---- | [[Lugha rasmi]] || [[Kiamhara]] |---- | [[Mji Mkuu]] || [[Addis Ababa]] |---- | Mji Mkubwa || [[Addis Ababa]] |---- | [[Serikali]] || [[Shirikisho la Jamhuri]] |---- | [[Rais]] || [[Sahle-Work Zewde]] |---- | [[Orodha ya Mawaziri Wakuu wa Ethiopia|Waziri Mkuu]] || [[Abiy Ahmed]] |---- | [[Eneo]] || [[km²]] 1,104,300 |---- | [[Idadi ya wakazi]] || 109,224,414 (2018) |---- | [[Wakazi kwa km²]] || 99 |---- | [[Uchumi]] nominal || Bilioni $103.607 |---- | [[Uchumi]] kwa kipimo cha umma || $1,066 |---- | [[Pesa]] || Birr |---- | Kaulimbiu || hakuna |---- | [[Wimbo wa Taifa]] ||''ወደፊት ገስግሺ፣ ውድ እናት ኢትዮጵያ''<br />(Songa mbele, Ewe mama Ethiopia/Uhabeshi)<br />[[File:Wedefit Gesgeshi Widd Innat Ittyoppya.ogg]] |---- | colspan="2" align="center"| [[Picha:Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg|250px|Uhabeshi katika Afrika]] |---- | Saa za Eneo || UTC +3 (Wakati wa Afrika Mashariki) |---- | Mtandao || .et |---- | Kodi ya Simu || +251 |} '''Ethiopia''' (kwa [[Kiamhara]] ኢትዮጵያ ''Ityopp'ya''; kwa [[Kiswahili]] pia "'''Uhabeshi'''") ni nchi ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] iliyoko kwenye [[Pembe ya Afrika]]. Nchi zinazopakana na Ethiopia ni [[Sudan]] na [[Sudan Kusini]] upande wa [[magharibi]], [[Eritrea]] na [[Jibuti]] [[kaskazini]], [[Somalia]] [[mashariki]] na [[Kenya]] upande wa [[kusini]]. Ni nchi ambayo ina [[historia]] ya pekee [[Afrika]] na hata [[dunia]]ni kwa ujumla. Ethiopia ni moja ya nchi mbili za [[Afrika]] ambazo hazikutawaliwa na [[wakoloni]] wakati walipong’ang’ania Afrika. Nchi nyingine ni [[Liberia]]. Kabla ya [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] Ethiopia ilivamiwa na [[Italia|Waitalia]] ([[1936]]) lakini ilipata [[uhuru]] wake tena baada ya miaka michache. == Jina la nchi == [[Asili]] ya [[jina]] "'''Ethiopia'''" haijulikani. Kuna maelezo mbalimbali lakini yote yanakosa uhakika. Hilo ni sawa pia kwa jina la pili la kihistoria ambalo ni "Habasha" ilikuwa "Uhabeshi". Ethiopia mara nyingi linaelezwa kuwa neno la [[Kigiriki cha Kale]] Αἰθιοπία ''Aithiopia'' lililotokana na Αἰθίοψ "Aithiops" ; maana yake "uso" (ὄψ) "kuwaka" (αιθw) hivyo labda "uso uliochomwa" ama [[sura]] [[nyeusi]]. Lakini jina hili halikumaanisha hasa nchi ya Ethiopia ya leo lakini nchi zote zenye watu wenye rangi nyeusinyeusi. Kwa muda mrefu watu wa [[Ulaya]] waliita Afrika yote kwa jina "Ethiopia". Pia si wazi kama neno la Kiafrika lenye maana tofauti limechukuliwa na [[Wagiriki]] kwa maana ya neno lao la "aithiops". Nchi yenyewe ilijulikana kwa muda mrefu wa historia yake kwa jina la '''Habasha'''. Habasha ilikuwa jina la [[Kiarabu]] kwa ajili ya nchi ikaingia kama "Uhabeshi" katika Kiswahili au "Abisinia" katika [[lugha]] za [[Ulaya]]. Asili ya jina hilo haliko wazi; wengine husema ni katika lugha ya kale ya nchi yenyewe kumaanisha "nchi kwenye [[nyanda za juu]]"; tena wengine wanadai kwamba jina limetoka [[Uarabuni]] wa kusini lilipokuwa jina la [[kabila]] moja lililohamia na watu walioleta [[lugha za kisemiti]] Ethiopia. == Jiografia == ''Tazama pia'': [[Orodha ya mito ya Ethiopia]] [[Picha:Ethiopia.png|right|250px|thumb||Ramani ya Ethiopia]] Ethiopia ina eneo la [[kilometa mraba]] 1,127,127 ([[maili mraba]] 435,071). Nchi yenyewe ni mojawapo ya nchi za [[Pembe ya Afrika]] upande wa mashariki. Nchini Ethiopia kuna milima mirefu; sehemu kubwa ya nchi inaundwa na [[Nyanda za juu za Ethiopia]] zilizotenganishwa na [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika Mashariki]], ambalo limepasua kutoka kusini - magharibi kwenda kaskazini – mashariki na kuzungukwa na [[mbuga]] maeneo yaliyo chini. [[Bonde|Mabonde]] na milima hasa nchini Ethiopia yanaathiri [[hali ya hewa]], [[udongo]], [[mimea]], na makazi ya watu. Ukweo wa milima na eneo la kijiografia vinasababisha aina mbili za hali ya hewa: eneo lililopoa liko zaidi ya ukweo wa [[mita]] 2,400 ([[futi]] 7,900) ambapo [[vipimo vya joto]] ni kati ya kuganda na 16°[[Selsias|C]] (32°–61°[[Farenhaiti|F]]); vipimo vya joto kwa ukweo wa mita 1,500 na 2,400 (futi 4,900—7,900) joto ni 16°C hadi 30°C (61°–86° [[Farenhaiti|F]]); joto zaidi liko chini ya mita 1,500 (futi 4,900) ni [[hali ya hewa]] ya [[tropiki]] na [[hali ya hewa ya ukame]] na joto saa za mchana ni 27°C mpaka 50°C (81°–122°[[Farenhaiti|F]]). [[Mvua]] ya kawaida ni kuanzia kati ya Juni mpaka kati ya Septemba lakini eneo la milima ya kusini mvua hunyesha zaidi ikianzia na mvua kidogo ya Februari ama Machi. Ethiopia ni nchi ambayo ina [[ikolojia]] tambakazi. [[Ziwa Tana]] ambalo liko kaskazini mwa nchi ndilo [[Chanzo (mto)|chanzo]] cha [[Mto]] [[Naili ya Buluu]] (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: bahr al zraq). Eneo la mto huo lina aina za [[wanyama]] za pekee kama [[Gelada - nyani]], [[Walia ibeka]] na pia [[Mbwa mwitu]]. == Historia == === Historia ya awali === Historia ya [[binadamu]] katika Ethiopia ilianza mapema kabisa. [[Mifupa]] ya kale kabisa ya [[zamadamu|viumbe jamii ya watu]] imepatikana katika nchi hii kwa sababu zilihifadhiwa katika [[mazingira]] [[yabisi]] ya nchi. [[Wataalamu]] wengi huamini ya kwamba Ethiopia (pamoja na [[Kenya]] na [[Tanzania]]) inaweza kuwa mahali ambako watu wa aina ya [[Homo Sapiens]] walianza kupatikana duniani. Kuna ma[[baki]] mbalimbali ya ki[[utamaduni]] yanayochunguzwa na [[akiolojia]], lakini sehemu kubwa ya nchi haijaangaliwa bado kitaalamu. Inaonekana kwamba katika [[karne]] za [[K.K.]] kulikuwa na [[uhusiano]] wa karibu na [[Uarabuni]] kwa sababu lugha za Kiethiopia ni karibu na lugha za upande mwingine wa [[Bahari ya Shamu]]. Inaaminiwa kwamba watu kutoka Uarabuni Kusini walihamia Ethiopia na kuleta lugha yao huko. [[Biblia]] ina taarifa juu ya [[ziara]] ya [[malkia wa Sheba]] aliyemtembelea [[mfalme]] [[Suleimani]] wa [[Yerusalemu]]. [[Milki ya Sheba]] imedaiwa kuwepo ama Ethiopia au [[Yemen]] na wengine huamini ya kwamba ilikuwa [[dola]] la pande zote mbili za [[mlangobahari]] wa [[Bab el Mandeb]] unaotenganisha [[Eritrea]] ya leo na Uarabuni Kusini. === Historia ya kale === [[Milki]] ya kwanza ya Ethiopia inayoweza kutajwa kutokana na mabaki ya ma[[jengo]] na [[maandishi]] ilikuwa milki ya [[D'mt]] (pia: Da'amot) katika Ethiopia ya kaskazini pamoja na [[Eritrea]] ya leo. Kuna mabaki ya [[hekalu]] la [[Yeha]] pamoja na ma[[kaburi]] ambako majina ya wafalme kadhaa yamehifadhiwa kwa maandishi kwenye [[mawe]]. [[Lugha]] ilikuwa karibu sana na lugha za kale za [[Uarabuni]]. Ilikuwa na [[athira]] juu ya sehemu za kaskazini ya Ethiopia kwa kipindi kikubwa cha [[milenia ya 1 KK]]. Ilifuata milki kubwa ya [[Aksum]], iliyoanzishwa wakati wa kuzaliwa [[Yesu]]. [[Ufalme wa Aksum]] ulikuwa milki ya kwanza kutawala maeneo makubwa ya Ethiopia. [[Nabii]] [[Mwajemi]] [[Mani]] aliuweka [[Ufalme wa Aksum]] kwa [[utukufu]] sawa na [[Roma]], [[Uajemi]] na [[Uchina]] kama nchi zilizokuwa na nguvu duniani [[karne ya 3]] [[BK]], wakati yeye alipoishi. Ilikuwa [[karne ya 4]] [[BK]] ambapo mtu [[Siria|Msiro]]-[[ugiriki|Mgiriki]] alikuwa amepotelea [[bahari]]ni kutokana na kuzama kwa [[jahazi]]. [[Frumentius]] alishikwa na Wahabeshi na kupelekwa [[korti]]ni na baadaye kumuongoa mfalme [[Ezana]] kuingia [[Ukristo]]. Kwa hiyo Wahabeshi wakampa jina ''Abba Selama''. Mara nyingi [[karne ya 6]] Aksum ilitawala eneo la [[Yemeni]] ng'ambo ya [[Bahari ya Shamu]]. Aksum ilistawi hasa kutokana na [[biashara]] kati ya [[Mediteranea]] na [[Bara Hindi]] iliyopita kwenye [[mlangobahari]] wa [[Bab el Mandeb]] ikatumia [[bandari]] ya [[Adulis]] (karibu na [[Massawa]] ya leo nchini Eritrea). [[Uenezaji]] wa [[Uislamu]] ulivuruga biashara hiyo na Aksum ilipoteza [[utawala]] juu ya [[pwani]]. Kuporomoka kwa uwezo wa kibiashara kunaonekana katika kusimamishwa kwa [[uchapaji]] [[pesa]] ya wafalme wa Aksum katika [[karne ya 7]]. Nchi ilishambuliwa pia kutoka milki za barani. Mabaki ya ufalme wa Aksum yaliharibiwa mnamo mwaka [[900]] wakati na [[malkia Gudit]] au Judith aliyekuwa ama [[Myahudi]] au kiongozi wa makabila ya kipagani kutoka [[nyanda za juu]]. === Milki ya Ethiopia === Kiongozi wa kabila la Agaw alimwoa [[binti]] wa mfalme wa mwisho wa Aksum akaanzisha [[nasaba]] ya Zagwe na kuunda upya ufalme wa Kikristo katika nyanda za juu. [[Kitovu]] cha ufalme huu kilipelekwa zaidi mbali na pwani. Nasaba hii ilipinduliwa mnamo [[1270]] na [[Yekuno Amlak]] aliyetumia jina la kifalme [[Tasfa Iyasus]]. Alianzisha nasaba iliyojiita "Wa Suleimani" kwa kudai ilikuwa [[ukoo]] wa [[mwana]] wa mfalme Suleimani na malkia wa Sheba. Tasfa Iyasus alitumia [[cheo]] cha [[Negus Negesti]] ("Mfalme wa Wafalme"). Enzi ya Mfalme [[Lebna Dengel]], Ethiopia iliweza kuwasiliana na nchi za Ulaya na kudumisha [[ubalozi]] na nchi kama [[Ureno]]. Lakini, Mfalme [[Susenyos]] alipojiunga na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] mwaka [[1622]], chakari na misukosuko ilifuata. [[Wamisionari]] [[Wajesuiti]] walichukiwa na waamini wa [[Kanisa la Ethiopia]], na katika hiyo [[karne ya 17]] Susenyos mwana wa Mfalme [[Basil wa Ethiopia|Basil]] aliwafukuza wanamisheni hao. Baadaye [[Waoromo]] wakaanza kuasi [[amri]] ya [[Kanisa la Ethiopia]] na kutafuta njia za [[dini]] yao, eneo hili la Uhebeshi. Mambo hayo yote yalifanya Ethiopia itengwe [[miaka ya 1700]]. Wafalme wakawa kama [[wakurugenzi]], ambao waliamriwa na ma[[sharifu]] kama Ras [[Mikael Sehul]] wa [[Tigrinya]]. Ethiopia ilitoka kutoka utengo kwa kufuatia [[misheni]] ya [[Uingereza]] kufika Ethiopia na kukamilisha [[muungano]] kati ya nchi hizi mbili; lakini, hadi milki ya [[Tewodros II wa Ethiopia|Tewodros II]] ndipo Ethiopia ilipoanza tena shauri za Duni. [[Picha:Early nineteenth century warriors Colour.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Mashujaa Ethiopia karne ya 1800]] [[Miaka ya 1880]] ilikuwa miaka ya Ulaya kung’ang’ania [[ukoloni]] Afrika ambapo Waitalia na Waingereza walitafuta kutawala eneo la [[Assab]], bandari iliyoko karibu na [[mdomo]] wa bahari ya Shamu. Bedari ya Kusini, karibu na kiingilio cha bahari ya Shamu, ilinunuliwa na Waitalia kutoka [[sultani]] mwenyeji Machi [[1870]] ambayo mwaka [[1882]] ilizaa [[koloni]] la [[Eritrea]]. Haya yalizua magombano kati ya Waethiopia na Waitalia na [[Vita vya Adowa]] mwaka [[1896]], ambapo Waethiopia walishtua dunia kwa kupiga nguvu za wakoloni na kulinda [[madaraka]] yao kwa [[uongozi]] wa [[Menelik II]]. [[Italia]] na Ethiopia zilisaini [[mkataba wa amani]] tarehe [[26 Oktoba]] 1896. ===Karne ya 20 hadi leo=== [[Karne ya 20]] miaka ya kwanzakwanza ilimilikiwa na Mfalme [[Haile Selassie]], aliyechukua nafasi ya kuendeleza Ethiopia mpaka uongozi wake ulipokatizwa kwa [[Vita vya pili vya Uhabeshi na Waitalia|Vita ya pili ya Uhabeshi na Italia]] ([[1936]]). [[Waingereza]] na wazalendo wa Jeshi la Ethiopia wakakomboa nchi mwaka [[1941]], na Waingereza kukiri madaraka ya Ethiopia kwa [[mkataba wa Uingereza na Ethiopia]] mnamo [[Desemba]] [[1944]]. Milki ya Haile Selassie ilikoma mwaka [[1974]], ambapo [[Wakomunisti]] wa "[[Derg]]" walimpindua na kuanzisha [[serikali ya kikomunisti]] chini ya [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]]. Mapinduzi hayo yalifuatwa na [[msukosuko]] wa [[vita]] na migogoro pamoja na [[ukame]] na shida za [[wakimbizi]]. Mwaka [[1977]] [[Somalia]] ilivamia eneo la [[Ogaden]] ([[Vita vya Ogaden]]), lakini Ethiopia iliweza kuwafukuza Wasomali kwa msaada wa vifaa vya kijeshi vya [[Urusi]], na majeshi ya [[Kuba]], [[Ujerumani wa mashariki]] na [[Yemeni]]. Usaidizi mwingi kutoka [[Nchi za Kikomunisti]] uliwezesha Ethiopia kudumisha mojawapo ya majeshi kubwa Afrika. Lakini hii haikuzuia [[ukereketwa]] wa jimbo la Eritrea na [[Tigrinya|Tigray]], ambapo ukame wa mwaka [[1985]] na [[mapinduzi]] ya [[siasa]] hasa kwa Kambi za [[Ujamaa]], zilileta uongozi wa Derg [[1991]] kukoma. Chama cha kukomboa Eritrea (EPLF) na [[Chama cha Mapinduzi cha Kidemokrasi Ethiopia]] (EPRDF), ziliungana kukomboa Ethiopia, wengi wa [[wanamgambo]] wakiwa wanaharakati wa Eritrea. Mwaka [[1993]] jimbo la [[Eritrea]] likawa huru kutoka Ethiopia, kufuatia [[kura ya maoni]] iliyofanywa ili kumaliza vita hivyo vilivyodumu miaka 20, mmojawapo kati ya migogoro ya muda mrefu zaidi Afrika. Mwaka [[1994]] Ethiopia kaiweka [[Katiba]] mpya ambayo ilileta [[uchaguzi]] wa ki[[demokrasia]]. Mwaka [[1998]] magombano ya mipaka na Eritrea yalileta [[Vita vya Eritrea na Ethiopia]] ambayo vilidumu hadi [[Juni]] [[2000]]. Vita hivyo vilileta [[uvivu]] wa uchumi na nguvu ya muungano unaongoza nchi. == Siasa == Uchaguzi wa Ethiopia ulipitisha wanabaraza 547 Bungeni. Baraza hilo la bunge lilijumuika Juni 1994 na kupitisha katiba mpya ya Jimbo la Demokrasia ya Jamhuri ya Ethiopia mnamo Desemba 1994. Uchaguzi huu ulikuwa wa kwanza kuchagua wanabaraza wa kitaifa kwa sifa bungeni na wanabaraza wa majimbo mnamo Mei na Juni [[1995]]. Vyama vingi vya upinzani viligoma kushiriki uchaguzi. Ushindi ulichukuliwa na [[Chama cha Mapinduzi cha Kidemokrasi cha Watu wa Ethiopia]] (EPRDF). Umoja wa Mataifa ukasema vyama vya upinzani vingeweza kushiriki uchaguzi kama zingetaka. Serikali ya Majimbo ya Demokrasia ya Jamhuri ya Ethiopia ilichukua mamlaka mnamo Agosti 1995. Rais wa kwanza [[Negasso Gidada]]. EPRDF ikaongoza serikali na Waziri Mkuu [[Meles Zenawi]] ambaye aliunga mkono majimbo ya kikabila, na kuwapa madaraka viongozi wa kikabila. Ethiopia sasa ina majimbo 9 ambayo yana serikali ya [[madaraka ya shirika]], na hata majimbo haya yanakubaliwa kutoza ushuru na kutumia [[akiba ya ushuru]]. Hata hivyo, uhuru wa habari na kisiasa bado umefinywa. Serikali ya Zenawi ilichaguliwa tena mwaka 2000 kwa uchaguzi wa kwanza wa Kidemokrasia, Rais akiwa [[Girma Wolde-Giorgis]]. Kutoka [[1991]], Ethiopia imetafuta urafiki zaidi na [[Marekani]] na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], ili kuweza kukopa fedha za kusaidia uchumi wake na pia kutoka [[Benki ya Dunia]]. Mwaka [[2004]], serikali ilianza kuhamisha watu kutoka maeneo ya ukame wakisema hii itazuia njaa. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_pictures/3640227.stm]. [[Uchaguzi]] mwingine wa Ethiopia ulikuwa tarehe [[15 Mei]] [[2005]], ambao ulivutia wapigakura kiasi cha juu zaidi, asilimia 90% ya wananchi waliojiandikisha. Watazamaji wa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] walidai uchaguzi haujafikia kiwango cha kimataifa, lakini [[Umoja wa Afrika]] ulitoa ripoti tarehe [[14 Septemba]] kwamba Waethiopia walionyesha kujitokeza na kuheshimu demokrasia, halafu tarehe 15 Septemba, Carter Center, ikasema matokeo ya uchaguzi yaaminika na kuonyesha ushindani wa kisiasa. Uangalizi na ushuhuda wote ulimalizia kuranki Uchaguzi wa Ethiopia na kesi nyingine waipa, asilimia 64% ya matokeo mazuri, na vizuri zaidi kulingana na kesi nyingine 24%. [[File:Arat Kilo Monument.JPG|200px|thumb|Arat Kilo monument]] [[File:Ethiopian Commercial Bank Addis Abeba.jpg|thumb|200px|Commercial [[Bank of Ethiopia]]]] [[File:ET Addis asv2018-01 img01 Meskel Square.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Meskel Square]]]] [[File:Cathédrale Saint Georges Addis Abeba1.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Kanisa kuu]] la [[George mfiadini|Mt. George]] (Addis Ababa)]] [[File:HagerFikirTheatre.jpg|200px|thumb|Thieta [[Hager Fikir]] (April 2006)]] [[File:Ethiopian Television.JPG|200px|thumb|Kituo cha TV ya Ethiopia]] [[File:Ethiopian Federal Police HQ Addis Abeba.JPG|thumb|200px|Makao makuu ya Polisi]] Katika [[Uchaguzi wa Ethiopia, 2005]] EPRDF ilitokea iking’ang’ania uongozi. Tarehe za kwanza za Juni na tena Novemba, [[polisi]] kwa amri ya EPRDF wakafyatua [[risasi]] na kuua watu kwa [[maandamano]] yaliyokuwa yakipinga [[matokeo ya kura]]. Ni kwamba vyama vya upinzani vililalamika kwamba EPRDF iliiba kura na kuwazisha wananchi na kusema baraza 299, wapata hitilafu ya wizi wa kura. Hayo yote yalichunguzwa na Watazamaji wa Uchaguzi wa kimataifa na pia Kamisheni ya Uchaguzi Ethiopia. Matokeo ya uchunguzi huo kama haijatokea mnamo [[Juni 2005]], wanafunzi wa [[chuo kikuu]] walianza maandamano wakisaidiwa na wanamgambo wa Muungano wa Vyama vya Upinzani. Lakini serikali kwa kutoa amri ya kukomesha maaandamano, mnamo [[8 Juni]], watu 26 waliuliwa mjini [[Addis Ababa]] kwa msukosuko wa maandamano na wengine wengi kushikwa. Mnamo [[5 Septemba]] [[2005]], Kamisheni ya Uchaguzi Ethiopia, ilitoa matokeo na kusema kwamba (EPRDF) kashinda uchaguzi na kwa hiyo iongoze serikali. Lakini vyama vya upinzani viliongezea viti bungeni kutoka 12 mpaka 176. Muungano wa umoja na demokrasia ulishinda viti vyote vya Addis Ababa, kwa Bunge la Taifa na [[Baraza la mtaala]]. Maandamano yalizuka tena mitaani [[1 Novemba]], ambapo vyama vya upinzani viliitisha mgomo kwa jumla na pia kwa Bunge mpya, wakatae matokeo ya uchaguzi. Polisi tena walijaribu kuzuia maandamano hayo na watu 42 wakafa kwa misukosuko mjini Addis Ababa. Polisi saba pia wakafa na mwingine pia kafa kutokana na majeruhi ya mlipuko wa [[bomu]]. Tope la watu walishikwa na kufungwa jela. Februari 2006 watu elfu sita bado walikuwa jela wakingoja hukumu Machi. Mnamo 14 Novemba, Bunge la Ethiopia lilipitisha mkataba kuimarisha Kamisheni huru na kuchunguza visa vya 8 Juni na tarehe 1 na tarehe 2 Novemba. Februari 2006 Waziri mkuu wa Uingereza [[Tony Blair]], alitamka kwamba, EPRDF kashinda kura, lakini angetaka kuona Ethipia ikitatua shida zake yenyewe na iendelee katika njia ya demokrasia. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4707232.stm]. == Majimbo ya Kujitawala == {{Main|Majimbo ya Ethiopia}} Ethiopia imegawiwa katika [[jimbo|majimbo]] 9 ya [[mamlaka]] ya kikabila (''kililoch''; umoja: ''kilil''), na maeneo 68. * [[Jimbo la Afar|Afar]] * [[Jimbo la Amhara|Amhara]] * [[Jimbo la Benishangul-Gumuz|Benishangul-Gumuz]] * [[Jimbo la Gambela|Gambela]] * [[Jimbo la Harar|Harar]] * [[Jimbo la Oromia|Oromia]] * [[Jimbo la Somali|Somali]] * [[Jimbo la Makabila ya kusini]] * [[Jimbo la Tigray|Tigray]] Zaidi ya hayo kuna maeneo ya miji miwili (''astedader akababiwoch''; umoja: ''astedader akababi''): [[Addis Ababa]] na [[Dire Dawa]]. == Watu == [[Picha:GariAdama.jpg|thumb|Gari huko Adama (Nazareth), Ethiopia.]] [[Idadi]] ya wakazi ilikadiriwa kuwa 102.374.044 ([[2016]]) ambao wanaongezeka kwa [[asilimia]] 2.88 kwa mwaka. Ethiopia ina makabila zaidi ya 80 yenye utamaduni tofautitofauti. Watu wengi huongea [[lugha za Kisemiti]] na [[lugha za Kikushi]]. [[Waoromo]] (34.49%), [[Waamhara]] (26.89%), [[Wasomali]] (6.20%) na [[Tigray|Watigrinya]] (6.07%) ni zaidi ya 73 % ya wananchi wote. Kumbe kuna makabila mengine yenye watu wachache kiasi kama 10,000. == Lugha == Ethiopia ina lugha 84 za kienyeji (angalia [[Orodha ya Lugha za Ethiopia]]). Mifano fulani ni kama ifuatavyo: {|border="0" |+ |- | * [[Kiafar]] * [[Kiamhara]] * [[Kianfillo]] * [[Kiberta]] * [[Kibussa]] | * [[Kigumuz]] * [[Kikonso]] * [[Kiongota]] * [[Kioromo-Kusini]] * [[Kioromo-Magharibi]] | * [[Kioromo-Mashariki]] * [[Kirer Bare]] * [[Kisaho]] * [[Kisoddo]] * [[Kisilt'e]] | * [[Kisomali]] * [[Kitigrinya]] * [[Kiweyto]] * [[Kihadiyya]] * [[Kiharari]] |} [[Kiingereza]] ndiyo lugha ya kigeni inayoongelewa zaidi na kufunzwa katika [[shule ya upili]]. [[Lugha ya Amharic|Kiamhara]] ilikuwa lugha ya ufundishaji katika [[shule ya msingi]] lakini sehemu nyingi nafasi yake imeshikwa na [[Kioromo]] na [[Kitigrinya]]. == Dini == [[Wakristo]], ambao ndio wengi (62.8%, kati yao [[Waorthodoksi wa mashariki]] 43.5%), wanaishi hasa kwenye milima, na [[Waislamu]] (33.9%) na [[Wapagani]] (2.6%) wengi wanaishi kwenye mabonde. === Ukristo === [[Picha:Ethiopian Painting 2005 SeanMcClean.JPG|left|thumb|Picha katika ngozi inayomuonyesha [[padri]] wa [[Kanisa Orthodoksi la Ethiopia Tewahedo]] akichezea [[ala]] za [[muziki]] za kienyeji.]] [[Ufalme wa Aksum]] ulikuwa milki na nchi ya kwanza kukubali [[Ukristo]], ambapo [[askofu]] [[Frumentius]] wa [[Taya]], aliyetumwa na [[Atanasi]] wa [[Aleksandria]] kuiinjilisha nchi, alimuongoa [[Ezana wa Aksum]] katika [[karne ya 4]]. Labda Frumentius alifika tayari na [[wamonaki]] kama [[wamisionari]]. Lakini [[umonaki]] hasa ulianza mnamo mwaka [[500]] walipofika wamonaki tisa wenye asili ya [[Siria]] waliotokea [[Misri]] katika [[monasteri]] za [[Pakomi]]. Hivyo mpaka leo mtindo huo ndio unaotawala kati ya umati wa wamonaki wa Ethiopia, wakati [[wakaapweke]] ni wachache, ingawa hawajawahi kukosekana. Athari za Siria na Misri zinajitokeza katika mambo mengi. Wamonaki wanaishi katika vibanda vya binafsi wakikutana kwa [[sala]] tu. Wamonaki [[wanawake]] (kawaida ni [[wajane]]) wanaishi jirani na monasteri ya kiume wakiitegemea kiroho na kiuchumi. === Uislamu === [[Uislamu]] nchini Ethiopia unapatikana kutoka mwanzo wa dini hiyo; ambapo [[nabii]] [[Muhammad]] aliwaambia Waislamu waepuke kuuliwa [[Maka]] kwa kukimbilia Uhabeshi, ambayo ilitawaliwa na Mfalme Mkristu. Hata [[utamaduni]] wa Kiislamu wasema [[Bilal ibn Ribah|Bilal]], mfuasi wa Nabii Muhammad, alikuwa ametokea Ethiopia. === Uyahudi === [[Wayahudi]], ambao waitwa [[Beta Israeli (falasha)]], walioishi Ethiopia tangu karne nyingi, wengi wao wamehamia [[Israeli]] hasa katika [[karne ya 20]]. === Dini za jadi === Mbali na dini hizo za kimataifa, kuna wafuasi wa [[dini za jadi]] za [[Dini asilia za Kiafrika|Kiafrika]]. == Utamaduni == Mnamo Aprili [[2005]], [[Mnara wa Aksum]], mojawapo ya dafina za kidini Ethiopia, ulirudishwa na Waitalia <ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4458105.stm</ref> ambao waliunyakua mwaka [[1937]] na kuupeleka [[Roma]]. Italia ikakubali kuurudisha mnamo [[1947]] kulingana na mkataba wa [[UN|Umoja wa Mataifa]]. Ethiopia ndiyo Nyumba ya kiroho ya [[Rastafari|Mwendo wa Rastafari]], ambao wanaamini Ethiopia ni [[Zion]]. Warastafari wamuona mfalme Haile Selassie I kama [[Yesu]]. == Sikukuu == ''Ona pia: [[Kalenda ya Waethiopia]] {| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="center" |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Tarehe ! style="background:#efefef;" | Jina za Kiswahili ! style="background:#efefef;" | Jina za waenyeji ! style="background:#efefef;" | Maelezo |- | 7 Januari | [[Waminina wa Dini ya Ethiopia, Kanisa la Tewahedo|Waminina]] [[Krismasi|Siku ya Krismasi]] | Genna | &nbsp; |- | 10 Januari | Siku kuu ya sadaka | [[Eid ul-Adha|'Id al-Adha]] | ya kutegemea; tarehe ya 2006 |- | 19 Januari | [[Epifania|Siku kuu ya Epifania]] | [[Timket]] | &nbsp; |- | 2 Machi | [[Vita vya Adowa|Siku ya Adwa]] | Ye'adowa B'al | &nbsp; |- | 11 Aprili | Kuzaliwa kwa nabii [[Muhammad]] | [[Mawlid|Mawlid an-Nabi]] | ya kutegemea; tarehe ya 2006 |- | 21 Aprili | [[Waminina wa Dini ya Ethiopia, Kanisa la Tewahedo|Waminina]] [[Ijumaa Kuu|Ijumaa ya Pasaka]] | Siqlet (kusulubiwa) | ya kutegemea; tarehe ya 2006 |- | 23 Aprili | [[Waminina wa Dini ya Ethiopia, Kanisa la Tewahedo|Waminina]] [[Pasaka]] | Fasika | ya kutegemea; tarehe ya 2006 |- | 24 Aprili | Jumatatu ya Pasaka (sikukuu) | &nbsp; | ya kutegemea; tarehe ya 2006 |- | Mei 1 | [[Siku Mai #Siku ya wanakazi|Siku ya Wafanyakazi Kimataifa]] | &nbsp; | &nbsp; |- | Mei 5 | Siku ya wazalendo | Arbegnoch Qen | &nbsp; |- | Mei 28 | Siku ya Taifa | &nbsp; | Kuanguka kwa [[Derg]] |- | 18 Agosti | &nbsp; | [[Buhe]] | &nbsp; |- | 11 Septemba | [[Mwaka mpya]] wa Ethiopia | [[Enkutatash|Inqut'at'ash]] | &nbsp; |- | 27 Septemba | [[Siku kuu ya Msalaba|Kutafuta Msalaba Halisi]] | [[Meskel]] | &nbsp; |- | 24 Oktoba | Mwisho wa Mwezi wa [[Ramadhan]]i | [[Eid ul-Fitr|'Id al-Fitr]] | ya kutegemea; tarehe ya 2006 |} == Uchumi == [[Picha:Eth1 coffeelady.jpg|thumb|Mwanamke mkulima wa mbuni na kapu la mbegu za kahawa huko Ethiopia]] Ethiopia imebaki [[nchi fukara]] mojawapo: Waethiopia wengi wanapewa [[chakula cha msaada]] kutoka ng’ambo. Baada ya mapinduzi ya mwaka [[1974]], uchumi wa Ethiopia ulikuwa [[uchumi wa kijamaa]]: amri ya uchumi iliwekwa na jimbo, na upande mkubwa wa uchumi uliwekwa kwa jamii, kutoka viwanda vyote vya kisasa, [[kilimo cha biashara]], [[taasisi za kukopesha]] na mashamba yote na mali yote ya kukomboa. Kutoka kati ya [[1991]], uchumi ulianza kutolewa katika [[ujamaa]] na kuendekeza [[uchumi wa soko huria]], serikali inasisitiza uchumi wa rasilimali ili kuzuia uvivu wa uchumi uliojitokeza wakati wa amri ya ujamaa. Mwaka [[1993]], [[Ubinafsishaji]] wa kampuni kaanza, viwanda, mabenki, ukulima, [[biashara za ndani]] na [[biashara za kimataifa]]. Kilimo ni karibu asilimia 41% ya [[mapato ya uchumi]] (GDP), ambayo ni asilimia 80 ya biashara ya kimataifa, na asilimia 80 ya wananchi wanategemea kilimo. Mambo mengi ya biashara hutegemea ukulima, wauzaji, viwanda vya kufunganya na kuuza nje mavuno ya ukulima. Mavuno yanayouzwa nje mengi yanatolewa na [[wakulima wa kiasi]] binafsi. Wanazalisha [[kahawa]], [[nafaka]] (hasa maharagwe), [[mbegu za mafuta]], [[viazi]], [[miwa]], na [[mboga]]. Biashara ya nje hasa ni ya kuuza mazao, kahawa ikiwa ndiyo inayoleta pesa nyingi za kigeni. [[Mifugo]] ya Ethiopia inaaminika kuwa ndiyo wengi zaidi Afrika. Mnamo [[1987]] ilihesabika kuwa asilimia 15 ya mapato ya uchumi yanatokana na mifugo. == Michezo == Ethiopia ni nchi mojawapo inayotoa [[wanariadha]] wazuri zaidi duniani, hasa kama wa [[mbio]] wa [[masafa ya kati]] na [[masafa marefu]]. [[Kenya]] na [[Morocco]] ni wapinzani wa Ethiopia kwa [[Michezo ya mabingwa wa Dunia]] na [[Michezo ya olimpiki|Olimpiki]] kwa masafa ya kati na marefu. Machi [[2006]], Waethiopia wawili walitamalaki mbio za masafa marefu, kwa jina wakiwa: [[Haile Gebreselassie]] (Bingwa wa Dunia na Olimpiki) aliyevunja [[rekodi]] ya [[kilometa]] 10 na sasa pia kilomita 20, Nusu[[Marathoni]], na rekodi ya kilomita 25, na kijana [[Kenenisa Bekele]] (bingwa wa dunia, mbio za majira (bara), na pia bingwa wa olimpiki), anayeshikilia [[Rekodi za Dunia]] za [[mita]] 5,000 na 10,000. Huko nyuma Ethiopia ilitoa mwanariadha maarufu katika historia ya mchezo huu duniani, [[Abebe Bikila]]. == Tazama pia == * [[Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Ethiopia]] * [[Uislamu nchini Ethiopia]] * [[Muziki wa Ethiopia]] * [[Vyakula vya Ethiopia]] * [[Orodha ya kampuni za Ethiopia]] * [[Jeshi la Ethiopia]] * [[Orodha ya Wafalme wa Ethiopia]] * [[Hifadhi za Taifa Ethiopia]] * [[Mawasiliano nchini Ethiopia]] * [[Usafiri nchini Ethiopia]] * [[Vyuo vikuu vya Ethiopia]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Tanbihi== <references/> == Marejeo == *{{Cite book|last=Zewde|first=Bahru |title=A History of Modern Ethiopia, 1855–1991|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderne00bahr|edition= 2nd |year=2001 |publisher=Ohio University Press |location=Athens, OH |isbn=0-8214-1440-2}} *{{Cite book|last=Selassie I. |first=Haile |title=My Life and Ethiopia's Progress: The Autobiography of Emperor Haile Selassie I |authorlink=Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia |others=Translated by Edward Ullendorff |year=1999 |publisher=Frontline |location=Chicago |isbn=0-948390-40-9 }} * Deguefé, Taffara (2006). ''Minutes of an Ethiopian Century'', Shama Books, Addis Ababa, ISBN 99944-0-003-7. * Hugues Fontaine, ''Un Train en Afrique. African Train'', Centre Français des Études Éthiopiennes / Shama Books. Édition bilingue français / anglais. Traduction : Yves-Marie Stranger. Postface : Jean-Christophe Belliard. Avec des photographies de Matthieu Germain Lambert et Pierre Javelot. Addis Abeba, 2012, ISBN 978-99944-867-1-7. English and French. [http://www.africantrain.org/] *{{Cite book|last=Henze |first=Paul B. |title=Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia |year=2004 |publisher=Shama Books|isbn=1-931253-28-5 }} *{{Cite book|last=Marcus |first=Harold G. |title=The Life and Times of Menelik II: Ethiopia, 1844–1913 |year=1975 |publisher=Clarendon |location=Oxford, U.K.}} Reprint, Trenton, NJ: Red Sea, 1995. ISBN 1-56902-009-4. *{{Cite book|last=Marcus |first=Harold G. |title=A History of Ethiopia |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofethiopi0000marc |edition=updated |year=2002 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |isbn=0-520-22479-5 }} * Mauri, Arnaldo (2010). ''Monetary developments and decolonization in Ethiopia'', Acta Universitatis Danubius Œconomica, VI, n. 1/2010, pp.&nbsp;5–16. [http://journals.univ-danubius.ro/index.php/oeconomica/article/view/337-319] and WP [http://ideas.repec.org./p/mil/wpdepa/2010-15.html] *{{Cite book|last=Mockler |first=Anthony |title=Haile Selassie's War |year=1984 |publisher=Random House |location=New York }} Reprint, New York: Olive Branch, 2003. ISBN 1-902669-53-3. * Murphy, Dervla (1968). ''In Ethiopia with a Mule''. London: Century, 1984, cop. 1968. ''N.B''.: An account of the author's travels in Ethiopia. 280 p., ill. with a b&w map. ISBN 0-7126-3044-9 *{{Cite book|last=Rubenson|first=Sven|title=The Survival of Ethiopian Independence|edition=4th|year=2003|publisher=Tsehai|location=Hollywood, CA |isbn=0-9723172-7-9}} * Siegbert Uhlig, et al. (eds.) (2003). ''[[Encyclopaedia aethiopica]]'', Vol. 1: A-C. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. * Siegbert Uhlig, et al. (eds.) (2005). ''Encyclopaedia aethiopica'', Vol. 2: D-Ha. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. * Siegbert Uhlig, et al. (eds.) (2007). ''Encyclopaedia aethiopica'', Vol. 3: He-N. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. * Siegbert Uhlig & Alessandro Bausi, et al. (eds.) (2010). ''[[Encyclopaedia aethiopica]]'', Vol. 4: O-X. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. * Alessandro Bausi & S. Uhlig, et al. (eds.) (2014). ''[[Encyclopaedia aethiopica]]'', Vol. 5: Y-Z and addenda, corrigenda, overview tables, maps and general index. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. *{{cite book|ref=Abir|author=Abir, Mordechai |title=Ethiopia: The Era of the Princes; The Challenge of Islam and the Re-unification of the Christian Empire (1769–1855)|place=London|publisher=Longmans|year= 1968}} *{{cite book|ref=Beshah|author=Beshah, Girma and Aregay, Merid Wolde |title=The Question of the Union of the Churches in Luso-Ethiopian Relations (1500–1632)|place=Lisbon|publisher= Junta de Investigações do Ultramar and Centro de Estudos Históricos Ultramarinos |year=1964}} *{{cite book|ref=Munro-Hay|author=Munro-Hay, Stuart|year=1991|url=http://www.dskmariam.org/artsandlitreature/litreature/pdf/aksum.pdf|title=Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity|place=Edinburgh|publisher=University Press|isbn=0-7486-0106-6|accessdate=2016-03-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123223427/http://www.dskmariam.org/artsandlitreature/litreature/pdf/aksum.pdf|archivedate=2013-01-23}} *{{cite book|ref=Valdes Vivo|author=Valdes Vivo, Raul |title=Ethiopia's Revolution|publisher=International Publishers|place= New York|year= 1977|isbn=0717805565}} == Viungo vya nje == '''Serikali''' * [http://www.ethiopianembassy.org/index.shtml Balozi wa Ethiopia- Washington DC] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ethiopianembassy.org/index.shtml |date=20090122223926 }} yakupa taarifa za serikali ya Ethiopia * [http://www.mfa.gov.et/ Idara ya mambo ya nje Ethiopia] * [http://www.moinfo.gov.et/ idara ya taarifa Ethiopia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.moinfo.gov.et/ |date=20080426230300 }} * [http://www.ethiopiancrown.org/ baraza la wafalme wa Ethiopia] Wafalme wa Ethiopia * [http://www.ethiopar.net/ Bunge ya Ethiopia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ethiopar.net/ |date=20190825060812 }} Tovuti rasmi '''Habari''' * [http://www.addistribune.com/ Addis Tribune] gazeti la kila wiki online edition * [http://allafrica.com/ethiopia/ allAfrica - Ethiopia] news * [http://www.ena.gov.et/ Ethiopian News Agency (ENA)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ena.gov.et/ |date=20060616005534 }} hii ni idara ya serikali * [http://www.nazret.com Nazret.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nazret.com/ |date=20220623053204 }} Ethiopian news portal * [http://ethiopianreview.homestead.com/ Ethiopian Review] * [http://ethiomedia.com/ Uptodate ethiopian news] {{Wayback|url=http://ethiomedia.com/ |date=20101115211721 }} * [http://www.helmmagazine.com/ Helm Magazini] sanaa, utamaduni, fasheni na heba kutoka Ethiopia * [http://www.waltainfo.com/ Walta Information Center] habari '''Masomo''' * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1072164.stm BBC Habari – Umbo wa: Ethiopia] * [http://www.ethiopiantreasures.toucansurf.com Ethiopian Treasures] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ethiopiantreasures.toucansurf.com/ |date=20160817225751 }} Dafina za Ethiopia- Historia, Utamaduni, Lugha, Dini - Ethiopia * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/et.html CIA - The World Factbook: Ukweli wa mambo kuhusu Duniani] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/et.html |date=20060111035635 }} * [http://www.guardian.co.uk/ethiopia2000/0,2759,181415,00.html Guardian Unlimited - Special Report: Ethiopia 2000] * [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ettoc.html /mktaba wa Congress ya marikani] tareki nyingi ni kutoka Julai 1991 '''Maelekezo''' * [http://www.meetethiopia.com meetethiopia.com] Portal that introduces and celebrates the rich history, culture and diversity of Ethiopia through the use of a repository that contains Ethiopia-related websites ranging from Arts, Society and Religion to Entertainment, Shopping and Technology * [http://www.ethiosearch.com Ethio Search ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ethiosearch.com/ |date=20210302003857 }}Ethiopian on-line directory and search engine * [http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Ethiopia/ Open Directory Project - Ethiopia] {{Wayback|url=http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Ethiopia/ |date=20060614062728 }} directory category * [http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/ethio.html Stanford University - Africa South of the Sahara: Ethiopia] directory category * [http://www.afrika.no/index/Countries/Ethiopia/index.html The Index on Africa - Ethiopia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.afrika.no/index/Countries/Ethiopia/index.html |date=20060405181124 }} directory category '''Utalii''' * [http://www.tourismethiopia.org Ethiopian Tourism Commission] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tourismethiopia.org/ |date=20081016001329 }} government agency '''Lugha''' * [http://www.mediatikdigital.com/glossword/index.php?a=list&d=3 English-Amharic Dictionary] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mediatikdigital.com/glossword/index.php?a=list&d=3 |date=20061108145558 }} based on Amsalu Aklilu and G. P. Mosback's dictionary * [http://www.amharicdictionary.com/ Online Dictionary of the official language of Ethiopia] * [http://www.ethiopiandictionary.com/ Amharic Dictionary] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ethiopiandictionary.com/ |date=20060220114139 }} '''Mashirika ya msaada''' * [http://www.thedenanproject.com/ The Denan Project – inasaidia kihospitali watu wa Denan] '''Mengineyo''' * [http://www.konradlicht.com 4 Films about Ethiopia] {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Ethiopia|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Pembe ya Afrika]] q5shsrgeug96rxz4qmr3cnfk5d5dslk 0 2485 1236792 1026942 2022-07-30T07:19:01Z BevoLJ 53014 /* Sherehe ya Pasaka */ - border= wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Pessach_Pesach_Pascha_Judentum_Ungesaeuert_Seder_datafox.jpg|thumb|260px|right|[[Meza]] ya Seder yaani Chakula cha Pasaka ya Kiyahudi ikionyesha vitabu vya [[Haggada]].]] [[Image:Der Sederteller fuer den Pessachauftakt.jpg|thumb|right|[[Sahani]] ya Seder ya Pasaka ya Kiyahudi.]] '''Pasaka ya Kiyahudi''' ni kati ya [[sikukuu]] muhimu zaidi za [[dini]] ya [[Uyahudi]]. Sikukuu hiyo inakumbuka [[Wanaisraeli]] walivyotoka katika [[utumwa]] walimokuwemo huko [[Misri]]. [[Pasaka]] ya Kiyahudi imekuwa na [[athira]] kubwa juu ya [[sherehe]] ya [[Pasaka ya Kikristo]] kuhusu [[tarehe]], [[liturujia]] na [[desturi]] mbalimbali. ==Jina la Pasaka== [[Jina]] la Pasaka limetokana na [[neno]] la [[Kiebrania]] "פסח" (tamka: pasakh) lenye maana ya "kupita juu, kukaa juu ya (kama mlinzi)" katika [[kitabu]] cha [[Biblia]] cha [[Kitabu cha Kutoka|Kutoka]] 12:23. Humo imeandikwa ya kwamba Mungu "atapita" juu ya milango ya [[nyumba]] za Wanaisraeli huko Misri katika [[usiku]] kabla ya kutoka kwao, na kuzuia maovu ambayo Wamisri waliathiriwa nayo. ==Tarehe ya Pasaka ya Kiyahudi== Pasaka ina tarehe kamili katika [[kalenda ya Kiyahudi]]: inaanza 15 [[Nisan]] na kusheherekewa kwa [[siku]] [[Saba (namba)|saba]] hadi 22 Nisan. Siku ya kwanza na ya mwisho ni sikukuu hasa. Katika nchi ya [[Israel]] siku hizi [[mbili]] ni siku za kupumzika [[kazi]]. Wayahudi wengine, hasa nje ya [[Israel]], husheherekea siku 8. Kwa sababu kalenda ya Kiyahudi ni [[kalenda ya mwezi]] tarehe zake hubadilika katika [[hesabu]] ya [[kalenda ya Gregori]] yaani kalenda ya kawaida ya kimataifa. Kwa jumla Pasaka ya Kiyahudi inasheherekewa wakati wa miezi [[Machi]] au [[Aprili]] kwa sababu Nisan ni [[mwezi]] wa kwanza wa [[majira ya kuchipua]]. ==Asili ya Pasaka== Katika Biblia, kitabu cha Kutoka, sura ya 12, kuna taarifa juu ya kutoka kwa Wayahudi katika Misri wakati wa [[Musa]] mnamo mwaka [[1200]] [[KK]]. Taarifa ni kwamba Musa alitumwa na [[Mungu]] kuwaondoa Wanaisraeli katika hali ya utumwa huko Misri na kuwaongoza kwenda [[nchi ya ahadi]]. Lakini [[mfalme]] wa Misri mwenye [[cheo]] cha [[Farao]] alikataa, hivyo Mungu alituma ma[[pigo]] dhidi ya Misri ili Farao alazimishwe kukubali. Pigo la mwisho tena kali mno lilikuwa [[kifo]] cha kila aliyezaliwa kama [[mtoto]] wa kiume wa kwanza katika Misri. Hapo Wanaisraeli waliambiwa kuchinja [[mwanakondoo]] na kupaka [[damu]] yake milangoni kwao ili [[malaika]] akipita kuua watoto wa kwanza asiguse watoto wa Wanaisraeli. Baada ya pigo hilo Farao alikubali Wanaisraeli watoke. Tendo hilo la kuwaweka ma[[babu]] yao huru linakumbukwa na Wayahudi kote [[dunia]]ni katika siku zinazoanza 15 Nisan. ==Sherehe ya Pasaka== Sherehe ya Pasaka inaanza ma[[saa]] ya [[jioni]] kabla ya siku yenyewe, kwa sababu katika kalenda ya Kiyahudi mwanzo wa siku si [[usiku kati]] wala [[macheo]] bali wakati wa [[machweo]] jioni inayotangulia. Maandalizi ya sikukuu ni pamoja na kufanya [[usafi]] mkubwa kabisa katika nyumba. Hakuna kitu kilichochachuka kinachobaki katika nyumba kufuatana na Kutoka 12:20, yaani kitu chochote chenye [[nafaka]] au [[unga]] wake ulioguswa na [[maji]], hata [[punje]] yake kama vile [[mkate]], [[keki]] au [[spagetti]]. Tendo hili ni la kukumbuka jinsi Wanaisraeli walipaswa kukimbia Misri [[haraka]] bila muda wa kutengeneza mikate ya kawaida yaliyochachuka. Kwa hiyo [[wanawake]] wao walioka mikate yasiyochachuka ambayo yamekuwa [[chakula]] cha Pasaka hadi leo. Mikate hii huitwa "[[matze]]". [[Familia]] na ma[[rafiki]] hukutana kwa chakula cha pekee wakizunguka [[meza]] ya [[Seder]] (seder = "[[utaratibu]]") yenye vyakula vya pekee. Kati ya vyakula hivyo, [[mboga]] chungu inakumbusha [[uchungu]] wa utumwa, ma[[tunda]] ya kupondwa yenye [[rangi]] ya kahawia-nyekundu yanakumbusha [[udongo]] wa ma[[tofali]] ambayo Wanaisraeli walipaswa kutengeneza, [[maji ya chumvi]] yanakumbusha ma[[chozi]] huko Misri, ma[[yai]] ni [[ishara]] ya ma[[tumaini]], na vingine. Vyote huliwa katika utaratibu (=seder) maalumu pamoja na ma[[somo]] na [[sala]] kutoka vitabu vya [[Haggada]] vinavyoshikwa na wote mezani. {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="float:right; margin-left:15px;" |- |+style="padding-right: 1.5em;"align=center| '''Tarehe za Pasaka ya Kiyahudi (Passa) katika Kalenda ya Gregori 2005 - 2050''' |- !<small>Mwaka wa [[Kalenda ya Gregori]] || <small>Mwaka wa [[Kalenda ya kiyahudi]] || <small>Tarehe ya Pasaka huko [[Israel]] || <small>Tarehe ya Pasaka kwa [[Wayahudi wa Kiorthodoksi]] nje ya Israel |- !2004 || 5764 || 6-12 Aprili || 6-13 Aprili |- !2005 || 5765 || 24-30 Aprili || 24 Aprili-1 Mei |- !2006 || 5766 || 13-19 Aprili || 13-20 Aprili |- !2007 || 5767 || 3-9 Aprili || 3-10 Aprili |- !2008 || 5768 || 20-26 Aprili || 20-27 Aprili |- !2009 || 5769 || 9-15 Aprili || 9-16 Aprili |- !2010 || 5770 || 5-11 Aprili || 5-12 Aprili |- !2011 || 5771 || 19-25 Aprili || 19-26 Aprili |- !2012 || 5772 || 7-13 Aprili || 7-14 Aprili |- !2013 || 5773 || 26 Machi-1 Aprili || 26 Machi-2 Aprili |- !2014 || 5774 || 15-21 Aprili || 15-22 Aprili |- !2015 || 5775 || 4-10 Aprili || 4-11 Aprili |- !2016 || 5776 || 23-29 Aprili || 23-30 Aprili |- !2017 || 5777 || 11-17 Aprili || 11-18 Aprili |- !2018 || 5778 || 31 Machi-6 Aprili || 31 Machi-7 Aprili |- !2019 || 5779 || 20-26 Aprili || 20-27 Aprili |- !2020 || 5780 || 9-15 Aprili || 9-16 Aprili |- !2021 || 5781 || 28 Machi-3 Aprili || 28 Machi-4 Aprili |- !2022 || 5782 || 16-22 Aprili || 16-23 Aprili |- !2023 || 5783 || 6-12 Aprili || 6-13 Aprili |- !2024 || 5784 || 23-29 Aprili || 23-30 Aprili |- !2025 || 5785 || 13-19 Aprili || 13-20 Aprili |- !2026 || 5786 || 2-8 Aprili || 2-9 Aprili |- !2027 || 5787 || 22-28 Aprili || 22-29 Aprili |- !2028 || 5788 || 11-17 Aprili || 11-18 Aprili |- !2029 || 5789 || 31 Machi-6 Aprili || 31 Machi-7 Aprili |- !2030 || 5790 || 18-24 Aprili || 18-25 Aprili |- !2031 || 5791 || 8-14 Aprili || 8-15 Aprili |- !2032 || 5792 || 27 Machi-2 Aprili || 27 Machi-3 Aprili |- !2033 || 5793 || 14-20 Aprili || 14-21 Aprili |- !2034 || 5794 || 4-10 Aprili || 4-11 Aprili |- !2035 || 5795 || 24-30 Aprili || 24 Aprili-1 Mei |- !2036 || 5796 || 12-18 Aprili || 12-19 Aprili |- !2037 || 5797 || 31 Machi-6 Aprili || 31 Machi-7 Aprili |- !2038 || 5798 || 20-26 Aprili || 20-27 Aprili |- !2039 || 5799 || 9-15 Aprili || 9-16 Aprili |- !2040 || 5800 || 29 Machi-4 Aprili || 29 Machi-5 Aprili |- !2041 || 5801 || 16-22 Aprili || 16-23 Aprili |- !2042 || 5802 || 5-11 Aprili || 5-12 Aprili |- !2043 || 5803 || 25 Aprili-1 Mei || 25 Aprili-2 Mei |- !2044 || 5804 || 12-18 Aprili || 12-19 Aprili |- !2045 || 5805 || 2-8 Aprili || 2-9 Aprili |- !2046 || 5806 || 21-27 Aprili || 21-28 Aprili |- !2047 || 5807 || 11-17 Aprili || 11-18 Aprili |- !2048 || 5808 || 29 Machi-4 Aprili || 29 Machi-5 Aprili |- !2049 || 5809 || 17-23 Aprili || 17-24 Aprili |- !2050 || 5810 || 7-13 Aprili || 7-14 Aprili |} {{mbegu-Biblia}} [[Category:Kalenda ya Kiyahudi|Pasaka]] [[Category:Sikukuu za Uyahudi|Pasaka]] 442joqnupl38hl887qsnb73cxwlg9a4 0 2772 1236817 1204926 2022-07-30T10:18:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.9 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Mount Kenya.jpg|thumb|300px|Mlima Kenya.]] '''Mlima Kenya''' ([[Kikuyu (lugha)|Kikuyu]]: ''Kĩrĩnyaga''; [[Kiembu]]: ''Kirenia''; [[Kimaasai]]: ''Ol Donyo Keri''; [[Kimeru (Kenya)|Kimeru]]: ''Kirimara'') ndio mrefu zaidi nchini [[Kenya]]. Mlima huu una [[urefu]] wa [[mita]] 5,199. Mlima huu unatokana na [[volkeno zimwe]] ikikadiriwa ya kwamba [[mlipuko wa volkeno|mlipuko]] wake wa mwisho ulitokea mnamo miaka [[milioni]] 2.6 hadi 3.1 iliyopita. [[Kilele|Vilele]] vyake vya juu vinaitwa Batian (m 5,199), Nelion (m 5,188) na Lenana (m 4,985). Kuna [[barafuto]] [[nane]] mlimani lakini zinapungua kila [[mwaka]] kutokana na kupanda kwa [[halijoto]] [[duniani]] na kupungua kwa [[usimbishaji]] kwa sababu ya kukatwa kwa [[miti]] mingi<ref>{{Citation|title=The vanishing snow of Mount Kenya|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/1056-824732-ikm5mjz/index.html|work=Daily Nation|language=en-UK|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=The vanishing  glaciers of Mount Kenya|url=http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/The-vanishing--glaciers-of--Mount-Kenya--/434746-3516298-12ef2p/index.html|work=The East African|language=en-UK|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Dying gods: Mt Kenya's disappearing glaciers spread violence below|date=2017-08-02|url=http://www.climatechangenews.com/2017/08/02/dying-gods-mt-kenyas-disappearing-glaciers-spread-violence/|work=Climate Home News|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref>. Mlima Kenya ni [[volkeno rusu]] iliyoumbwa takriban miaka milioni 3 baada ya kuumbika wa [[Bonde la Ufa]].<ref name="Rift">{{Cite web |url=http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/15/90/18/PDF/These_P.Nonnotte_web.pdf |author=Philippe Nonnotte |title= ''Étude volcano-tectonique de la zone de divergence Nord-Tanzanienne (terminaison sud du rift kenyan)'' - Caractérisation pétrologique et géochimique du volcanisme récent (8 Ma – Actuel) et du manteau source - Contraintes de mise en place thèse de doctorat de l'université de Bretagne occidentale, spécialité : géosciences marines}}</ref> Umekuwa na [[theluji]] kwa maelfu ya miaka. Theluji hiyo hufanya kuwe na mmomonyoko unaosababishwa na barafuto na kutengeneza mabonde<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Gregory|first=J. W.|date=1894-02-01|title=Contributions to the Geology of British East Africa.—Part I. The Glacial Geology of Mount Kenya|url=http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/50/1-4/515|journal=Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society|language=en|volume=50|issue=1-4|pages=515–530|doi=10.1144/GSL.JGS.1894.050.01-04.36|issn=0370-291X}}</ref>. Barafuto zimepungua kutoka 18 hadi 10<ref name=":0" />. Mlima huu ni [[chanzo]] muhimu cha [[maji]] kwa Kenya.<ref name="development" /> Habari kuhusu mlima zilifikishwa [[Ulaya]] mwaka [[1849]] na [[Ludwig Krapf]],<ref name="dutton" /> lakini [[jamii]] ya [[wanasayansi]] walibaki na wasiwasi kuhusu ripoti kuwa kulikuwa na [[theluji]] karibu na [[ikweta]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/greatriftvalleyb00greg|title=The Great Rift Valley : being the narrative of a journey to Mount Kenya and Lake Baringo : with some account of the geology, natural history, anthropology and future prospects of British East Africa|last=Gregory|first=J. W. (John Walter)|date=1896|publisher=London : J. Murray|others=Smithsonian Libraries}}</ref> Uwepo wa Mlima Kenya ulithibitishwa mwaka [[1883]] na [[1887]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/discoveryoflakes02hhne|title=Discovery of lakes Rudolf and Stefanie; a narrative of Count Samuel Teleki's exploring & hunting expedition in eastern equatorial Africa in 1887 & 1888|last=Höhnel|first=Ludwig|last2=Teleki|first2=Samuel|last3=Bell|first3=Nancy R. E. Meugens|date=1894|publisher=London, Longmans, Green and Co.|others=Smithsonian Libraries}}</ref>. Ulipandwa na [[timu]] iliyoongozwa na [[Halford John Mackinder]], mwaka [[1899]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Mackinder|first=H. J.|date=1900|title=A Journey to the Summit of Mount Kenya, British East Africa|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774261|journal=The Geographical Journal|volume=15|issue=5|pages=453–476|doi=10.2307/1774261}}</ref>. Leo Mlima Kenya hupandwa na watalii na wanaopenda kupanda milima na [[miamba]].<ref name="map">{{cite map|publisher=EWP|title=Mount Kenya Map and Guide|url=http://www.ewpnet.com/Kenyamap.htm|edition=4th|year=2007|cartography=EWP|scale=1:50,000 with 1:25,000 inset|series=EWP Map Guides|isbn=9780906227961}}</ref> [[Mfumo wa ekolojia]] wa Mlima Kenya una aina tofauti za [[mimea]] na [[wanyama]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37843815|title=Kirinyaga : a fable of Utopia|last=D.|first=Resnick, Michael|date=1998|publisher=Ballantine Pub. Group|isbn=0345417011|edition=1st ed|location=New York|oclc=37843815}}</ref> Mteremko hufunikwa na aina tofauti ya [[misitu]]. [[Spishi]] [[asilia]] ni kama vile [[Mwanzi (nyasi)|mianzi]], [[tai]] na [[pimbi]].<ref name="ecology" /> Kwa sababu hii, eneo la [[km2|<abbr>km²</abbr>]] 715 linalozunguka mlima ni [[Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Mlima Kenya|hifadhi ya taifa]] <ref name="uicn">{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/800.pdf | title= World Heritage Nomination - IUCN Technical Evaluation Mount Kenya (Kenya)}}</ref> na liliorodheshwa na [[UNESCO]] kama [[urithi wa dunia]] mwaka [[1997]].<ref name="unesco">{{cite web |url= http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=800 |title= Mount Kenya National Park/Natural Forest |accessdate= 2008-02-23 |author= United Nations |authorlink= United Nations |year= 2008 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20061230202343/http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=800 |archivedate= 2006-12-30 }}</ref> [[Hifadhi (pori)|Hifadhi]] hupokea wageni zaidi ya 15,000 kwa mwaka.<ref name="development" /> ==Etimolojia== Neno Kenya linaweza kuwa lilitokana na majina ambayo makabila wenyeji waliupatia Mlima Kenya. Wakikuyu; ''Kirinyaga'', Waembu; ''Kirenyaa'' na Wakamba''; Kiinyaa.'' Ludwig Krapf aliliandika jina kama Kenia na Kegnia, maneno ambayo yanaaminika kutoholewa kutoka neno la [[Kikamba]].<ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal|last=Krapf|first=Johann Ludwig|authorlink=Johann Ludwig Krapf|date=13 Mei 1850|title=Extract from Krapf's diary|journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer|volume=i|pages=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{cite book|title=Kenya|last=Foottit|first=Claire|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd|year=2006|isbn=1-84162-066-1|series=The Brade Travel Guide|origyear=2004}}</ref><ref name="Krapf" /> ===Majina ya vilele=== Vilele vya Batian, Nelion na Lenana vimepewa majina ya [[Laibon]] Mbatian na wanawe ambao walikuwa Wamasai..<ref name="dutton" /> Kilele cha Terere pia kilipatiwa jina la kiongozi Mmasai. Majina mengine yalitoka kwa majina ya wazungu wapelelezi, k.v. Shipton, Sommerfelt, Tilman, Dutton na Arthur. Kuna majina yaliyotoka kwa wakenya na walowezi maarufu. Majina ya [[Mtume|watume]] John na Peter yalitolewa na Arthur, aliyekuwa mmishonari.<ref name="mck">{{cite book|title=The Mountain Club of Kenya Guide to Mount Kenya and Kilimanjaro|last=Allan|first=Iain|publisher=Mountain Club of Kenya|year=1981|isbn=978-9966985606|location=Nairobi}}</ref> == Jiografia == ===Jiolojia=== [[Picha:Batian and Nelion.JPG|thumb|Vilele vya Mlima kenya. Vinaaminika kuwepo baada ya mmomonyoko kwa njia ya barafuto.<ref name="geology">{{cite book|title=Geology of the Mount Kenya Area|last=Baker|first=B. H.|publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources|year=1967|isbn=|series=Geological Survey of Kenya|doi=|authorlink=}}</ref>]] Mlima Kenya ni [[volkeno rusu]] iliyokuwa hai kati ya miaka milioni 2.6 na 3.1 iliyopita. Kasoko ya awali ilikuwa pengine katika urefu wa m 6,000; juu kuliko [[Kilimanjaro]]. Tangu izimike, kumekuwa na [[Kipindi cha barafu|vipindi viwili vya barafu]]. Barafuto za leo hazipiti m 4,650 <ref name="map" />. Miteremko ya kitako cha mlima haijawahi kuwa na barafuto. Ni misitu na baadhi ya sehemu zikalimwa. Miteremko hiyo ina mabonde yenye umbo la V na [[Kijito|vijito]] vingi. Juu mlimani, katika eneo ambalo ni nyika, mabonde yenye umbo la U na vina vifupi. Mabonde hayo yaliumbwa na barafuto.<ref name="geology" /> Wakati Mlima Kenya ulikuwa hai, shughuli za kivolkeno mbali kiasi na mlima. Kaskazini mashariki, kando ya mlima kuna vizibo vingi vya volkeno na [[kreta]]. Kreta ya Ithanguni ndio kubwa zaidi. Inadhaniwa kuwa ilikuwa na theluji wakati huo. Hii inaweza kuonekana kwa kuwa kilele kimelainika. Vilima vidogo huonekana hapo kama ishara kuwa vilikuwa vizibo.<ref name="geology" /> Miamba inayounda Mlima kenya ni pamoja na [[basalt]], [[rhomb porphyrite]], [[phonolite]], [[kenyte]] na [[trachyte]].<ref name="geology" /> Kenyte iliripotiwa kuonekana mara ya kwanza mwaka 1900 na Gregory katika utafiti wake wa [[jiolojia]] ya Mlima Kenya.<ref name="gregory1900">{{cite journal | last= Gregory | first= J. W. | authorlink = John Walter Gregory | year=1900 | title = Contributions to the Geology of British East Africa.-Part II. The Geology of Mount Kenya | journal= Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society | volume=56 | issue= | pages = 205–222 | url = <!--  | accessdate=4th June 2007 | doi = 10.1144/GSL.JGS.1900.056.01-04.12 --> }}</ref> [[Joseph Thompson]] alipendekeza utafiti ufanyiwe Mlima Kenya mara ya kwanza mwaka 1883. Aliona mlima kutoka [[Tambarare ya Laikipia]] na akaandika kuwa ilikuwa volkeno zimwe, kizibo kikionekana.<ref name="thomson" /> Hata hivyo, maoni yake hayakuaminika na wanasayansi wa magharibi, hasa baada ya mwaka 1887 wakati [[Teleki]] na [[von Höhnel]] walikwea mlima na kueleza walichokatia kauli kuwa kreta.<ref name="gregory" /> Mwaka 1893 msafara wa Gregory ulifika Barafuto ya Lewis, m 5,000. Alithibitisha kuwa volkeno ilikuwa imezimwa na kuwa kulikuwa na barafuto.<ref name="gregory" /><ref name="gregory1900" /> ===Vilele=== [[File:Mount Kenya Summit photomap-en.svg|thumb|right|300px|Vilele vikuu na barafuto kati mwa mlima.]] Asili ya vilele vingi ni shughuli za volkeno. Vilele vingi vimekaribia kati mwa mlima. Vinafanana na vilele vya [[Alpi]] kwa sababu ya mikunjo.<ref name="baker">[112]</ref> Kuvu, kuvumwani na mimea midogo ya milimani humea katika vilele vya kati.<ref name="ecology" /> Vizibo vya volkeno vimefunikwa kwa majivu ya volkeno na udongo.<ref name="speck">{{cite journal | last = Speck | first = Heinrich | coauthors = | title = Soils of the Mount Kenya Area: Their formation, ecology, and agricultural significance | journal = Mountain Research and Development | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | pages = 201–221 | publisher = | date = 1982 | url = http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0276-4741(198205)2%3A2%3C201%3ASOTMKA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-8 | doi = 10.2307/3672965 | accessdate = 2007-06-21 | year = 1982 }}</ref> Vilele virefu zaidi ni Batian (m 5,199), Nelion (m 5,188) na Lenana (m 4,985).<ref name="map" /> Vilele na vizibo vingine ni pamoja na Piggot (m 4,957), Dutton (m 4,885), John (m 4,883), John Minor (m 4,875), Krapf Rognon (m 4,800), Peter (m 4,757), Slade (m 4,750) na Midget (m 4,700). Vyote vina miinuko inayotengeneza umbo kama la piramidi.<ref name="map" /><ref name="baker" /> Vilele maarufu vilivyo katika viunga vya mlima ni Terere (m 4,714) and Sendeyo (m 4,704).<ref name="map" /><center> <gallery> Picha:Batian Nelion and pt Slade in the foreground Mt Kenya.JPG|Batian (kushoto), Nelion (kulia), na Slade katika mandharimbele Picha:Pt Lenana Mt Kenya.JPG|Kilele cha lenana ndicho kimeinuka zaidi Picha:Krapf rognon and glacier after snowstorm.jpg|Krapf Rognon (m 4800) na Barafuto ya Krapf Picha:Hut tarn 4500m and Midget Peak Mt Kenya.JPG|Kilele cha Midget kinaweza kukwewa kwa siku moja Picha:Terere and Sendeyo.jpg|Vilele vya Terere na Sendeyo viko katika kiunga cha mlima </gallery></center> ===Barafuto=== [[File:MtKenya gletscher.jpg|thumb|200px|Barafuto ya Lewis ndio kubwa zaidi.]] Barafuto zinazidi kudidimia kila mwaka.<ref name="web">{{cite web | url= http://www.mck.or.ke/ | author=Mountain Club | title= Mountain Club of Kenya Homepage | accessdate=2007-05-26 }}</ref><ref name="glafot">''[http://www.sundogpublishing.com/Hastenrath/Announcement.html Recession ya Ikweta Glaciers.] {{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/66I4kVgAN?url=http://www.sundogpublishing.com/ |date=2012-03-19 }}'' ''[http://www.sundogpublishing.com/Hastenrath/Announcement.html A Photo Documentation,] {{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/66I4kVgAN?url=http://www.sundogpublishing.com/ |date=2012-03-19 }}''  Hastenrath, S., 2008, Sundog Publishing, Madison, WI, ISBN 978-0-9729033-3-2, 144 pp.</ref> Kila mwaka, theluji inayolimbikika katika [[majira ya baridi]] ni kidogo kuliko inayoyeyuka katika [[majira ya joto]]. Inabashiriwa kuwa hali ikiendelea hivyo, Mlima Kenya hautakuwa na theluji miaka 30 itakayokuja<ref name=":0" /><ref name="guide" />. Kupungua kwa barafuto kunasababishwa na kuongezeka kwa halijoto au kubadilika kwa tabia ya usimbishaji.<ref name="benn">{{cite book |last = Benn |first = Doug |last1 = David |first1 = Evans |title = Glaciers and Glaciation |publisher = Arnold |year = 1997 |isbn = 978-0340584316}}</ref> Eneo la barafuto lilipimwa rasmi mara ya kwanza mwaka 1980 na kubainika kuwa ni 0.7 km² <ref name="glacierfluctuations">{{cite journal|last=Karlén|first=Wibjörn|year=1999|title=Glacier Fluctuations on Mount Kenya since ~6000 Cal. Years BP: Implications for Holocene Climate Change in Africa|url=http://www.ambio.kva.se|journal=Ambio|publisher=Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences|volume=28|issue=5|pages=409–418|coauthors=James L Fastook, Karin Holmgren, Maria Malmström, John A Matthews, Eric Odada, Jan Risberg, Gunhild Rosqvist, Per Sandgren, Aldo Shemesh and Lars-Ove Westerberg|month=Agosti|access-date=2021-01-17|archive-date=2005-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231095818/http://www.ambio.kva.se/|dead-url=yes|=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231095818/http://www.ambio.kva.se/}}</ref>. Majina ya barafuto za Mlima Kenya kwa mzunguko wa akrabu kutoka kaskazini ni ni: # Northey # Krapf # Gregory # Lewis # Diamond # Darwin # Forel # Heim # Tyndall # Cesar # Josef ===Miundo ya kingo za barafuto=== Jalidi usiku hufanya kuwe na miundo ya kingo za kingo za barafuto. Kuna sentimita chache ardhi jalidi chini ya uso wa ardhi.<ref name="map" /><ref name="baker" /> Kupanuka na kupunguka kwa ardhi kwa sababu ya halijoto, hufanya mimea isiweze kumea katika kingo.<ref name="mck" /> ===Mito=== Mlima Kenya ni eneo kuu la vyanzo vya maji vya mito miwili mikubwa nchini Kenya; [[Mto Tana]] na Mto Ewaso Ngiro Kaskazini.<ref name="development">{{cite journal | last = Gichuki | first = Francis Ndegwa | title = Threats and Opportunities for Mountain Area Development in Kenya | journal = Ambio | volume = 28 | issue = 5 | pages = 430–435 | publisher = Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences | date = Agosti 1999 | url = http://www.ambio.kva.se | access-date = 2021-01-17 | archive-date = 2005-12-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051231095818/http://www.ambio.kva.se/ | dead-url = yes | = https://web.archive.org/web/20051231095818/http://www.ambio.kva.se/ }}</ref> Mfumo wa ekolojia wa Mlima Kenya hupatia watu zaidi ya milioni 2 maji.<ref name="development" /> Wiani wa vijito ni kubwa hasa katika miteremko ambayo haijawahi kuwa na barafuto.<ref name="baker_map">{{cite map | publisher =Edward Stanford Ltd | title =Geological Map of the Mount Kenya Area | url =http://eusoils.jrc.it/ESDB_Archive/EuDASM/Africa/maps/afr_kegmmka.htm | edition =1st | year =1966 | cartography =B. H. Baker, Geological Survey of Kenya | scale =1:125000 | series =Geological Survey of Kenya | accessdate = | accessmonth = | accessyear = | archivedate =2011-08-07 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20110807171130/http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ESDB_Archive/EuDASM/Africa/maps/afr_kegmmka.htm }}</ref> Vijito na mito inayoanza Mlima Kenya humwaga maji ndani ya Mto Sagana, Mto Tana na Mto Ewaso Ngiso Kaskazini moja kwa moja au kupitia mito mingine. <ref name="baker_map" /><ref name="mapandguide"> {{cite map|publisher=Andrew Wielochowski and Mark Savage|title=Mt Kenya 1:50000 Map and Guide|edition=1|year=1991|cartography=West Col Productions|scale=1:50000 with 1:25000 inset|isbn=0-906227-39-9}}</ref> ===Ekolojia=== Eneo la Mlima Kenya lina kanda tofauti za kiekolojia. Kila ukanda una sifa zake na spishi kuu ya mimea. Spishi nyingi zinazopatikana katika sehemu zilizo juu ya mlima zinapatikana pia katika maeneo mengine ya mlima na Afrika Mashariki.<ref name="ecology" /> Pia kuna tofauti kati ya kanda, kutegemea upande wa mlima na ukali wa mteremko. Kusini mashariki pa mlima ni sehemu nyevu kuliko kaskazini<ref name="glacierfluctuations" /> kwa hivyo, spishi nyingi za sehemu hiyo hutegemea unyevu kukua. Baadhi ya spishi, k.v. [[mianzi]], haziwezi kukua katika pande zote za mlima kwa sababu za tofauti za unyevu.<ref name="map" /> ====Kanda==== [[File:Mount Kenya Vegetation map en.svg|thumb|right|300px|Kuna kanda tofauti mimea kuzunguka Mlima Kenya ambayo inatofautiana kulingana na urefu na kipengele.]] Tabianchi hubadilika kulingana na mwinuko. Katika kitako cha mlima, udongo una rutuba na hivyo ni mzuri kwa ukulima. Ukulima ulikuwa ukifanyika hapo kwa miaka.<ref name="castro" /> Mlima Kenya umezungukwa na misitu. [[Uoto asilia|Uoto]] katika misitu unategemea kiwango cha mvua, na spishi hutofautiana zaidi kusini na kaskazini mwa mteremko.<ref name="dutton" /> Misitu katika kitako cha mlima hutishiwa na binadamu wanaokata miti ili watengeneze mbao na wanyakuzi ardhi.<ref name="castro" /> Juu ya misitu ni ukanda wa mianzi asilia. Ukanda huu huzunguka mlima isipokuwa sehemu ya kaskazini ambapo kuna upungufu wa mvua<ref name="mck" />. Ni vigumu kupata spishi nyingine za mimea hapo kwa sababu uoto wa mianzi ni mzito na huzuia mimea mingine kumea.<ref name="map" />[[File:Timberline forest with lichens.jpg|thumb|left|Msitu wa mpaka wamiti.]] Juu ya ukanda wa mianzi ni ukanda wa mpaka wa miti. Miti hapa mara nyingi ni midogo kuliko miti katika misitu ya kitako cha mlima.<ref name="zonation"> {{cite journal | last = Niemelä | first = Tuomo | coauthors = Petri Pellikka | title = Zonation and characteristics of the vegetation of Mt. Kenya | journal = Expedition reports of the Department of Geography, University of Helsinki | volume = 40 | issue = | pages = 14–20 | publisher = | date = | year = 2004 | ISBN = 952-10-2077-6 }} </ref> Mahali miti haiwezi kuota ni nyika ya mlima, m 3,000. Mimea ya jenasi ''[[Erica]]'' hupatikana katika sehemu ya magharibi ambayo huwa nyevu. Vichaka na nyasi hupatikana katika sehemu kame ambayo hushuhudia moto wa pori.<ref name="mck" /> <ref name="castro" /> Kimo kinapoongezeka, halijoto hupungua zaidi na hewa hupungua, katika ukanda unaojulikana kama Alpi ya Kiafrika. Mazingira ya ukanda huo yanafanana tu na yale ya [[Aberdare|Safu ya Aberdare]]. <ref name="ecology" /> Mimea mingi ya ukanda huo imejirekebisha ili kuweza kukabili halihewa.<ref name="rosette">{{cite journal | last = Beck | first = Erwin | coauthors = Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Margot Senser and Renate Scheibe | title = Equilibrium freezing of leaf water and extracellular ice formation in Afroalpine 'giant rosette' plants | journal = Planta | volume = 162 | issue = | pages = 276–282 | publisher = | date = 1984 | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_planta_1984-09_162_3/page/276 | doi = 10.1007/BF00397450 | accessdate = }}</ref> Ukanda ulio juu ni ambapo barafuto zimedidimia. Mimea bado haijaweza kuota hapo.<ref name="ecology" /> ====Flora==== [[File:Senecio keniodendron2.jpg|thumb|right|Mimea kama ''[[Dendrosenecio keniodendron]]'' hufanya marekebisho ili iweze kuota.]] Mimea ya mlima hutofautiana na mwinuko na mwelekeo wa mlima.<ref name="tropicalalpine" /> Mwinuko unapoongezeka, mimea huwa na marekebisho spesheli ili kuhimili [[jalidi]] na miale ya [[urujuanimno]].<ref name="mck" /><ref name="zonation" /> Kwa mfano, mimea ya jenasi ''[[Carduus]]'', katika ukanda wa alpi ya kiafrika, hutumia majani kulinda jicho la ua kutokana na jalidi.<ref name="senecio">{{cite journal | last = Young | first = Truman P. | coauthors = Mary M. Peacock | title = Giant senecios and alpine vegetation of Mount Kenya | journal = Journal of Ecology | volume = 80 | issue = | pages = 141–148 | publisher = | date = 1992 | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-ecology_1992_80_1/page/141 | doi = | accessdate = }} </ref><ref name="rosette" />[[File:Cape Hyrax Mt Kenya 1.JPG|left|thumb|[[Pimbi]] huweza kuishi katika maeneo yenye halihewa kali.]] ====Fauna==== Wanyama wengi hukaa katika kitako cha mlima penye halianga nzuri kidogo. Spishi za nyani, pimbi wa mitini, ndovu, nungunungu, nyati, fisi, mbuni, duma na simba huishi hapo.<ref name="map" />  Wanyama mamalia wachache, k.v. ''Sylvicapra grimmia'' na pimbi wa miamba wanaweza kuishi katika miinuko ya juu kidogo.<ref name="senecio" /><ref name="ecology" /> Spishi za ndege, k.v. chozi, kwenzi, tai na tumbusi hupatikana katika ukanda wa alpi ya kiafrika. Ndege ni muhimu katika mfumo wa ekolojia hiyo kwa kuwa wao husaidia katika mchavusho.<ref name="tropicalalpine">{{cite journal | last = Smith | first = Alan P. | coauthors = Truman P. Young | title = Tropical Alpine Plant Ecology | journal = Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics | volume = 18 | pages = 137–158 | date = 1987 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.es.18.110187.001033}}</ref> ===Tabianchi=== Tabianchi ya Mlima Kenya ni ya milima ya ikweta ambayo Hedberg alieleza kuwa ni 'majira ya baridi kila usiku, majira ya joto kila mchana'''.'' <ref name="hedberg1969">{{cite journal | last =Hedberg | first =O. | title = Evolution and speciation in a tropical high mountain flora | journal = Biological Journal of the Linnean Society | volume = 1 | pages = 135–148 | year = 1969 | doi =10.1111/j.1095-8312.1969.tb01816.x }}</ref> Mlima Kenya mojawapo ya vituo vya uchunguzi wa angahewa vya Global Atmospheric Watch.<ref name="globalatmospherestation">{{cite journal | last = Henne | first = Stephan | coauthors = Wolfgang Junkermann, Josiah M. Kariuki, John Aseyo and Jörg Klausen | title = Mount Kenya Global Atmosphere Watch Station (MKN): Installation and Meteorological Characterization | journal = Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology | volume = 47 | issue = 11 | pages = 2946–2962 | publisher = | date = Novemba 2008 | year = }}</ref> ====Misimu==== [[File:Sunrise over Mount Kenya.jpg|thumb|right|Katika msimu wa joto, asubuhi huwa baridi na bila mawingu. Adhuhuri inapofika, mawingu huziba vilele]] Mlima Kenya hushuhudia misimu miwili tofauti, [[Msimu wa joto (tropiki)|misimu ya joto]] na [[Msimu wa mvua|misimu ya mvua]], kama maeneo mengine ya Kenya.<ref name="climate_article">{{cite journal | last =Thompson | first = B. W. | title = The mean annual rainfall of Mount Kenya | journal = Weather | volume = 21 | pages = 48–49 | date = 1966 }}</ref> Miteremko ya mashariki kaskazini hupata mvua kubwa zaidi kwa kuwa uko katika [[Upande wa upepo|upande wa pepo]] za [[kusi]] ambazo huleta mvua kutoka [[Bahari ya Hindi|Bahari Hindi]]. Mvua hii huwezesha msitu uliosongamana katika upande huo. Katika miinuko ya juu, [[usimbishaji]] hufanyika kama theluji na kutengeneza barafuto.<ref name="spink">{{cite journal | last = Spink | first = Lieut.-Commander P. C. | title = Further Notes on the Kibo Inner Crater and Glaciers of Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya | journal = Geographical Journal | volume = 106 | issue = 5/6 | pages = 210–216 | publisher = The Royal Geographical Society | date = 1945 | doi = }} </ref> Misimu ya Mlima Kenya ni kama ifuatavyo<ref name="castro">{{cite book | last = Castro | first = Alfonso Peter | title = Facing Kirinyaga | year = 1995 | publisher = Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd. | location = London | isbn = 1-85339-253-7 }}</ref>: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Msimu !Wakati |- |Masika |Aprili-Juni/Julai |- |Vuli |Oktoba-Disemba |- |Joto/Kiangazi |Disemba/Januari-Februari na Julai/Agosti-Septemba |} ==Historia== ===Ugunduzi wa Wazungu=== [[File:Joseph Thomson.png|right|thumb|Joseph Thomson alithibitisha  ugunduzi wa Krapf.]] Mlima Kenya ulikuwa kati ya vilele virefu [[Afrika]] kuonekana kwa mara ya kwanza na [[Mpelelezi|wapelelezi]] kutoka Ulaya. Wa kwanza kuuona alikuwa [[Johann Ludwig Krapf]], [[mmisionari]] [[Mjerumani]]<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book | last=Krapf | first=Johann Ludwig | authorlink=Johann Ludwig Krapf | title= Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa | year=1860 | publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd | location=London | isbn= }}</ref>, [[tarehe]] [[3 Desemba]] [[1849]]<ref name="dutton">{{cite book | last=Dutton | first=E.A.T. | authorlink= | title= Kenya Mountain |year=1929 |publisher=Jonathan Cape | location= London}}</ref>, kutoka [[Kitui]], mji ulio km 160 kutoka mlima<ref name="rough_guide">{{cite map | publisher=Rough Guide | title= Rough Guide Map Kenya | edition=9 | year=2006 | cartography=World Mapping Project | scale=1:900,000 | series=Rough Guide Map |isbn=1-84353-359-6 }}</ref>, baada ya ugunduzi wa [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]]. Krapf aliambiwa na [[watu]] wa [[kabila]] la [[Waembu]] kwamba walikuwa wakiuzunguka mlima lakini hawakuwa wamepaa juu kwa sababu ya [[baridi]] na  [[theluji]].<ref name="Krapf" /> [[Wakikuyu]] walithibitisha haya yametukia.[[File:Samuel Teleki.jpg|thumb|left|Samuel Teleki, Mzungu wa kwanza kuweka mguu juu ya Mlima Kenya.]] Krapf pia alibainisha kwamba [[mito]] inayotoka Mlima Kenya, na mingine katika eneo la milima, ilikuwa mito ya kudumu. Akagundua kuwa lazima kuna chanzo cha maji mlimani, katika umbo la barafuto.<ref name="Krapf" /> Aliamini ni chanzo cha [[Mto Nili Nyeupe|Nili Nyeupe]].<ref>{{cite journal | last=Krapf | first=Johann Ludwig | authorlink=Johann Ludwig Krapf | title = Extract from Krapf's diary | date=13 Mei 1850 | journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer | volume=i | pages=345}}</ref> Mwaka [[1851]] Krapf akarudi Kitui. Yeye alisafiri km 65 karibu na mlima, lakini hakuweza kuuona tena. Mwaka 1877 Hildebrandt alikuwa katika eneo la Kitui na kusikia juu ya mlima, lakini pia hakuweza kuuona, hivyo watu walianza kumtuhumu Krapf.<ref name="gregory"> {{cite book | last=Gregory | first=John Walter |authorlink=John Walter Gregory | title=The Great Rift Valley | origdate=1896 | year=1968 | publisher= Frank Cass & Co. Ltd | location=London}}</ref> Hatimaye, mwaka [[1883]], [[Joseph Thomson]] alipita upande wa magharibi wa mlima na Krapf alithibitisha madai yake.<ref name="thomson">{{cite book|title=Through Masai Land|last=Thomson|first=Joseph|publisher=Frank Cass & Co Ltd|year=1968|edition=3|location=London|authorlink=Joseph Thomson (explorer)|origdate=1885}}</ref> Hata hivyo, upelelezi rasmi wa kwanza ulifanyika mwaka 1887 na [[Samuel Teleki]] na [[Ludwig von Höhnel]]. Waliweza kufika mita 4,350 kwenye mteremko wa kusini magharibi<ref name=":2" />. Katika safari ya upelelezi huo, waliamini kuwa walikuwa wamegundua volkeno. Mwaka 1892, Teleki na von Höhnel walirudi upande wa mashariki, lakini hawakuweza kupitia msitu.<ref name="ecology">{{cite book | last=Coe | first=Malcolm James | title=The Ecology of the Alpine Zone of Mount Kenya | url=https://archive.org/details/ecologyofalpinez0017coem | year=1967 | publisher= Dr W. Junk | location=The Hague}}</ref> Hatimaye, mwaka 1893 timu ilisafiri kutoka pwani hadi [[Ziwa Baringo]] katika [[Bonde la Ufa]], ikiongozwa na [[John W. Gregory]], [[mwanajiolojia]] [[Mwingereza]]. Walikwea mlima hadi mita 4,730 na wakakaa masaa kadhaa katika Barafuto ya Lewis. Aliporudi [[Uingereza]], Gregory alichapisha [[majarida]] na [[hadithi]] ya mafanikio yake.<ref name="mck" /> George Kolb, [[daktari]] Mjerumani, alifanya safari mwaka 1894 na 1896 <ref name="mck" /> na alikuwa wa kwanza kufika nyika ya mlima upande wa mashariki. Tarehe 28 Julai 1899,<ref name=":3" /> Halford John Mackinder aliongoza kundi la wapelelezi 6 kutoka [[Ulaya]], 66 kutoka [[Uswahilini]], [[Wamaasai]] 2 na Wakikuyu 96<ref name=":3" />. Walipatana na matatizo mengi njiani<ref name=":3" />. Mackinder aliendelea kupanda mlima. Alikita kambi m 3,142<ref name=":3" />  katika Bonde la Höhnel. Alifanya jaribio la kwanza kufikia kilele tarehe [[30 Agosti]] pamoja na Brocherel na Ollier kupitia upande wa mashariki, lakini wakabakisha kupanda m 100 kutoka Kilele cha Nelion. Tarehe [[5 Septemba]], Hausberg, Ollier na Brocherel walifanya mzunguko kutafuta njia rahisi ila hawakuweza kupata. Tarehe [[11 Septemba]] Ollier na Brocherel walipanda Barafuto ya Darwin, lakini walilazimishwa kukatiza safari kutokana na [[dhoruba ya theluji]]<ref name=":3" />. Wakati Saunders alirudi kutoka Naivasha timu okozi, Mackinder, Ollier na Brocherel walijaribu kupanda kilele tena. Walifika kilele cha Batian saa sita mchana tarehe 13 Septemba, na walishuka kutumia njia ileile<ref name=":3" />. ===1900-1930=== Baada ya ukweaji wa kwanza, hakukuwa na safari nyingi za kukwea mlima. Upelelezi kabla ya [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia|Vita ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] ulikuwa ukifanywa na [[walowezi]] nchini Kenya, ambao hawakufanya upelelezi wa kisayansi. Misheni ya Kanisa la Uskoti ilipofunguliwa Chogoria[[Chogoria,|Chogoria,]], wamishonari kadhaa walikwea mlima lakini hakuna aliyefanikiwa kufikia vilele vya Batian au Nelion.<ref name="mck" /> Miti ya misitu ilikatwa ili kurahisisha safari ya kufikia vilele. Mwaka 1920, Arthur Fowell Buxton alijaribu kutengeneza njia kutoka kusini, na njia nyingine walikuja kutoka [[Nanyuki]] kaskazini, lakini njia iliyotumiwa zaidi ni ile ya Chogoria, kutoka mashariki, iliyotengenezwa na Ernest Carr.<ref name="mck" /> Mwishoni mwa Julai 1930, Shipton na Bill Tilman walikwea vilele vyote. Katika safari hii, Shipton na Tilman walijaribu kukwea vilele vingine, ikiwa ni pamoja na Petro, Dutton, Midget , Pigott na aidha Terere au Sendeyo.<ref name="cordee">{{cite book |last= Burns |first= Cameron |title= Kilimanjaro & Mount Kenya; A Climbing and Trekking Guide |year= 1998 |publisher= Cordee |location= Leicester |isbn= 1-871890-98-5}}</ref> ===1931 hadi leo=== Katika miaka ya 1930 ziara zilifanyika zaidi katika nyika ya mlima. Raymond Hook na Humphrey Slade walikwea ili wachore ramani ya mlima na wakapeleka samaki. Februari mwaka 1938, C Carol na Mtu Muthara wakawa mwanamke wa kwanza na Mwafrika wa kwanza mtawalia kupaa Nelion, katika ziara na Noel Symington, mwandishi wa ''The Night Climbers of Cambridge,''  na tarehe [[5 Machi]] Una Cameron akawa mwanamke wa kwanza kupaa Batian.<ref name="mck" /> Wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] ziara za kukwea mlima zilididimia zaidi. Watu maarufu waliokwea katika wakati huo walikuwa wafungwa wa vitani Waitaliano, ambao walikuwa wamefungwa jela Nanyuki. Walitoroka na kupanda mlima kabla ya kurejea kambini.<ref name="picnic">{{cite book | last= Benuzzi | first= Felice | authorlink= | title=No Picnic on Mount Kenya: A Daring Escape, a Perilous Climb | origdate=1953 | year=2005 | publisher=The Lyons Press | location=  | isbn=978-1592287246}}</ref> Mwaka 1949 eneo kupita m 3,400 lilifanywa [[Hifadhi ya taifa|hifadhi ya kitaifa]].<ref name="mck" /> Barabara ilijengwa kutoka [[Naro Moru]] ili kurahisisha safari ya kufikia nika ya mlima. Mwaka 1963, katika siku ya uhuru wa Kenya, Kisoi Munayo alikita bendera ya Kenya juu ya mlima. Mwaka 1997, mlima Kenya uliteuliwa kuwa eneo la urithi wa dunia na UNESCO.<ref name="unesco"/> ==Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Mlima Kenya== {{main|Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Mlima Kenya}} Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Mlima Kenya, ilianzishwa mwaka [[1949]]. Inahifadhi eneo linalozunguka mlima. Awali ilikuwa [[hifadhi ya misitu]].<ref name="kws_website">{{cite web |url= http://www.kws.org/mt-kenya.html |title= Mount Kenya National Park |accessdate= 2008-02-23 |author= Kenya Wildlife Service |authorlink= Kenya Wildlife Service |year= 2007 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070622045208/http://www.kws.org/mt-kenya.html |archivedate= 2007-06-22 }}</ref> Tangu [[Aprili]] [[1978]] eneo limeteuliwa kama Hifadhi ya Mazingira ya dunia UNESCO .<ref name="unep">{{cite web |url= http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/mt_kenya.html |title= Protected Areas and World Heritage |accessdate= 2008-02-23 |author= United Nations Environment Programme |authorlink= United Nations Environment Programme |year= 1998 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070212211303/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/mt_kenya.html |archivedate= 2007-02-12 }}</ref> [[Serikali ya Kenya]] ilikuwa na sababu nne za kuanzisha Hifadhi ya Taifa inayozunguka Mlima Kenya: umuhimu wa [[utalii]] kwa [[uchumi]], kuhifadhi eneo la uzuri, kuhifadhi [[viumbe hai]] ndani yake, na kuhifadhi [[Chanzo cha maji|vyanzo vya maji]] vinavyozunguka eneo.<ref name="development"/> ==Utamaduni== [[File:Mount Kenya Population map-fr.svg|right|thumb|Makazi ya makabila kabla ya taifa la Kenya.]] Makabila makuu wanaoishi kuzunguka Mlima Kenya ni [[Wakikuyu]], [[Wameru]], [[Waembu]] na [[Wamaasai]]. Hao wote huona mlima huo kama kipengele muhimu cha [[tamaduni]] zao. ===Wakikuyu=== [[File:Batian and Nelion in the background cropped.JPG|thumb|Makabila kadhaa wanaishi katika kitako cha mlima.|alt=|left]] [[Wakikuyu]] wanaishi kusini na magharibi mwa mlima.<ref name="ecology" /><ref name="Explorers">{{cite book |title= East African Explorers|url= https://archive.org/details/eastafricanexplo0000rich|last= Richards|first= Charles|authorlink= |coauthors= James Place|year= 1960|publisher= Oxford University Press|location= London}} </ref> Wao ni [[wakulima]] na hulima katika udongo mwekundu wa volkeno. Wakikuyu waamini kwamba Mungu wao, ''Ngai''  aliishi juu ya Mlima Kenya aliposhuka kutoka mbinguni.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=pPBtzgAACAAJ&dq=facing+mount+kenya&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwithfbKqbjdAhUD1BoKHWuEDS4Q6AEIJzAA|title=Facing Mount Kenya|last=Kenyatta|first=Jomo|date=2011-04-05|publisher=Penguin Random House|isbn=9781846555527|language=en}}</ref> Wao wanaamini kuwa mlima ni kiti cha enzi cha Ngai duniani. Ni mahali ambapo Gikuyu, baba wa kabila, alitumia kukutana na Mungu wao, Ngai.<ref name=":5" /><ref name="guide">{{cite|author=Kenya Wildlife Service|title=Mount Kenya Official Guidebook|publisher=Kenya Wildlife Service|year=2006|date=2006}}</ref> Jina kwa ajili ya Kikuyu Mlima Kenya ni ''Kĩrĩnyaga''  ([[Kirinyaga]]), tafsiri yake ikiwa ni mlima mweupe. Linatokana na weupe wa theluji<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Karangi|first=Matthew|date=2013-01-01|title=The gĩkũyũ religion and philosophy: A tool for understanding the current religio-political debates in Kenya|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291902121_The_gikuyu_religion_and_philosophy_A_tool_for_understanding_the_current_religio-political_debates_in_Kenya|volume=108|pages=612–622}}</ref>. ===Waembu=== [[Waembu]] wanaishi kusini-mashariki mwa Mlima Kenya,<ref name="ecology" /> na kuamini kuwa mlima ni nyumba ya Mungu wao, ''Ngai''  au ''Mwene Njeru.'' Mlima ni takatifu, na walikuwa wakijenga nyumba zikiwa na milango iliyokuwa ikitazama mlima.<ref name="guide" /> Waembu wanauita ''kiri Njeru'', maana yake, mlima mweupe.<ref name="mck" /><ref name="cordee" /><ref name="guide" /> ===Wamasai=== [[Wamasai]] ni [[wahamahamaji]] ambao walitumia ardhi kaskazini ya mlima kulisha mifugo wao. Wanaamini kuwa mababu zao walishuka kutoka mlima mwanzoni mwa wakati.<ref name="guide" /> Wamasai waliuita ''Ol Donyo Keri'', ambalo linamaanisha 'mlima wa bakora au rangi nyingi' kudokeza theluji, misitu na mengineyo vinavyoonekana kutoka tambarare ya kandokando.<ref name="somjee">{{cite journal | last=Somjee | first=Sultan | year=2000 | title = Oral Traditions and Material Culture: An East Africa Experience | journal= Research in African Literatures | volume=31 | issue=4 | pages = 97–103 | url = http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/research_in_african_literatures/v031/31.4somjee.html | accessdate=2008-02-21 | doi = 10.2979/RAL.2000.31.4.97 }}</ref> Sala moja ya Wamasai kuhusu Mlima Kenya: {{Quote|Mungu bariki watoto wetu, wawe kama mkuyu wa Morintat, wakue na wapanuke, wawe kama Vilima vya Ngong, kama Mlima Kenya, kama Mlima Kilimanjaro na waongezeke. (tafsiri)|Ilikusanywa na Francis Sakuda wa Makumbusho ya Amani ya Oloshoibor<ref name=somjee/>}} ===Wameru=== [[Wameru]] wanaishi Mashariki na Kaskazini mwa mlima. Walilima na [[Ufugaji|kufuga]] katika sehemu yenye rutuba nyingi nchini Kenya. Jina la Mt. Kenya kwa [[Kimeru]] ni ''Kirimara'' (kutokana na weupe wa theluji).<ref name="witchmen">{{cite book |title= When We Began There Were Witchmen|last= Fadiman|first= Jeffrey A.|authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 1994|publisher= University of California Press|location= Berkeley|isbn= 0-520-08615-5|page= |pages= |url= http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft8199p24c/|accessdate= 2009-05-14}} </ref> ===Makabila mengine=== Wazungu wa kwanza kutembelea Mlima Kenya mara nyingi walileta wajumbe wa makabila mengine kama marafiki na mabawabu. Wengi wao hawakuwa na uzoefu wa baridi, au kuwahi kuona theluji. Maitikio yao mara nyingi zilikuwa za woga na tuhuma.{{Quote|Sifa nyingine ya wazanzibari ilionekana katika kambi ile ile. Asubuhi ilipofika, waume walikuja kuniarifu kwamba maji yale waliokuwa wamewacha ndani ya vyungu yalikuwa yamerogwa. Walisema kuwa ni meupe, na hayatikisiki; Fundi, aliyejulikana kuwa mwenye kuthubutu, alikuwa ameyagonga kwa kijiti na hayakutoka. Walinirai niyaangalie, nikawaambia wayaniletee. Wakakataa, hata hivyo, ili kuyagusa, wakanirai niende yalipokuwa. Kwa kweli, maji yalikuwa yameganda. Niliweka chungu juu ya jiko, nikatabiri kuwa yangegeuka kuwa maji tena. Tuliokuwa nao wakakaa karibu na kuyatazama; yalipoyeyuka, waliniambia kwa furaha kuwa shetani alikuwa amefukuzwa, na nikawaambia kuwa wangeweza kuyatumia maji tena; lakini punde nilipogeuka, waliyamwaga na kuchota mengine kutoka mto uliokuwa karibu. (tafsiri)|J W Gregory|''The Great Rift Valley''<ref name=gregory/>}} Ziara yake ya mwaka 1899, Mackinder alipatana na baadhi ya wanaume kutoka kabila la [[Wadorobo]].<ref name="ecology" /> ==Ukweaji mlima== ===Njia za kukwea=== Kuna njia nane za kutembea zinazoelekea kwenye kilele cha juu. Ni, kwa mzunguko wa akrabu, kutoka kaskazini, njia za Meru, Chogoria, Kamweti, Naro Moru, Burguret, Sirimon na Timau<ref name="map" />. Pia kuna njia inayozunguka vilele inayotumiwa kuunganisha njia tofauti. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ewpnet.com/eaimg/Mount_Kenya_general.htm|title=Mount Kenya - Introduction and Trekking Guide|date=2007-12-17|accessdate=2018-09-16|archivedate=2007-12-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217091034/http://www.ewpnet.com/eaimg/Mount_Kenya_general.htm}}</ref> Kati ya hizi, Chogoria, Naro Moru na Sirimon ndio hutumika zaidi na zina malango. Njia nyingine zinahitaji idhini maalum kutoka kwa [[Shirika la Huduma kwa Wanyama Pori ya Kenya|Huduma ya Wanyamapori Kenya]] ili kuzitumia. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya milima ya Kenya]] * [[Orodha ya milima ya Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya milima]] * [[Orodha ya Urithi wa Dunia katika Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya volkeno nchini Kenya]] == Vitabu kuhusu Mlima Kenya == *Sir Halford Mackinder, ''The First ujio wa Mlima Kenya''  [KM Barbour, ed.], (London, 1991); hadithi ya ujio wa kwanza Batian, pamoja Mackinder's diary na baadhi ya Expedition's picha. Barbour discusses sababu Mackinder, ambaye aliandika na kuchapisha vitabu vingine, hawakuwa kuchapisha maelezo ya akaunti ya Expedition.<ref name="firstascent">{{cite book |title= The First Ascent of Mount Kenya |last= Mackinder |first= Halford John |authorlink= Halford John Mackinder |coauthors= Kenneth Michael Barbour |year= 1991 |publisher= Ohio University Press |location= |isbn= 1850651027 |page= |pages=287 |url= |accessdate= }} </ref> *Dutton EAT, [[Kenya Mountain|''Kenya Mountain'']] (London, 1929); akaunti ya Expedition Mlima Kenya mwaka 1926; illustreras.<ref name="dutton" /> *Vivienne de Watteville, ''Mwambie Dunia - kuzunguka na Reflections kati Tembo na Milima''  (London & New York, 1935); akaunti ya mwandishi wa ugenini katika kibanda kidogo katika kanda ya Ziwa na Ellis explorations yake ya Gorges Valley; illustreras .<ref name="wanderings">{{cite book |title= Speak to the Earth - Wanderings and Reflections among Elephants and Mountains |last= de Watteville |first= Vivienne |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 1986 |publisher= Methuen |location= |origyear= 1935 |edition= 2 |isbn= 0413602702 |page= |pages= 329 |url=https://archive.org/details/speaktoearthwand0000dewa_p9i0 |accessdate= }} </ref> *HW Tilman, theluji ''juu ya Ikweta''  (London, 1937); akaunti ya ujio wa kwanza (na Shipton) ya NW ridge na Nelion; illustreras.<ref name="snow">{{cite book |title= Snow on the Equator |last= Tilman |first= H. W. |authorlink= Bill Tilman |coauthors= |year= 1938 |publisher= The Macmillan Company |location= |isbn= |page= |pages= 265 |url= |accessdate= }} </ref> *Eric Shipton, juu ''ya kwamba Mlima,''  (London, 1943); akaunti ya ujio wa kwanza (na Tilman) ya NW ridge na Nelion; illustreras.<ref name="uponthatmountain">{{cite book |title= Upon that Mountain |last= Shipton |first= Eric |authorlink= Eric Shipton |coauthors= |year= 1945 |publisher= Readers Union |location= |isbn= |page= |pages= 248 |url= |accessdate= }} </ref> *Felice Benuzzi, ''Fuga sul Kenya''  (Milano 1947) / [[No picnic juu ya Mlima Kenya|''No picnic juu ya Mlima Kenya'']] (London, 1952); a mountaineering classic, kuhusu wafungwa wa kivita tatu ambao kutoroka kutoka gerezani kambi yao mwaka 1943, hupanda mlima na sparse mgawo, improvised vifaa na hakuna ramani, na kisha ''kuvunja kurejea katika''  kambi yao gerezani.<ref name="picnic" /> *Roland Truffaut, ''Du Kenya au wa Kilimanjaro''  (Paris 1953) / ''Kutoka Kenya kwa Kilimanjaro'' (London, 1957); 1952 akaunti ya ujio wa Kifaransa N. uso wa Mt Kenya; illustreras.<ref name="dukenya">{{cite book |title=Du Kenya au Kilimanjaro: expédition française wau Kenya |last= Truffaut |first= Roland |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 1953 |publisher= Julliard |location= Paris |language= French |isbn= |page= |pages= 251 |url= |accessdate= }} </ref> *I. Allan, ''Guide to Mlima Kenya''  (1981; 1991; wengi updates); mamlaka ya kuongoza kwa njia ya peaks.<ref name="mck" /> *Hamish MacInnes, bei ''ya Adventure,''  (London, 1987); inajumuisha hadithi ya wiki-mrefu uokozi wa Gerd Judmeier baada yake kuanguka karibu na kilele cha Batian mapema katika miaka ya 1970.<ref name="priceofadventure">{{cite book | last= MacInnes | first= Hamish | authorlink= | title=The Price of Adventure | origdate= | year=1987 | publisher= Hodder & Stoughton | location= London | isbn=0340263237 }}</ref> *I. Allan, C. Kata, G. Boy, ''Snowcaps juu ya Ikweta''  (London, 1989); historia ya Afrika Mashariki milima na ascents yao, ikiwemo ya hivi karibuni zaidi pioneered njia; illustreras.<ref name="snowcaps">{{cite book |title= Snowcaps on the Equator: The Fabled Mountains of Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zaire |last= Ward |first= Clive |authorlink= |coauthors= Gordon Boy, Iain Allan |year= 1988 |publisher= Bodley Head |location= |isbn= 0370311264 |page= |pages= 192 |url= |accessdate= }}</ref> *Yohana Msomaji, ''Mlima Kenya''  (London, 1989); akaunti ya ujio wa Nelion, pamoja na Iain Allan kama mwongozo; illustreras.<ref name="reader"> {{cite book|title=Mount Kenya|last=Reader|first=John|publisher=Elm Tree Books|year=1989|ISBN=0-241-12486-7|location=London}} </ref> *M. Amin, D. Willetts, B. Tetley, ''On Mungu Mountain: The Story wa Mlima Kenya''  (London, 1991). A photographic maadhimisho ya mlima.<ref name="ongodsmountain">{{cite book |title= On God's Mountain: The Story of Mount Kenya |last= Amin |first= Mohamed |authorlink= |coauthors= Duncan Willetts, Brian Tetley |year= 1991 |publisher= Moorland |location= |isbn= |page= |pages= 192 |url= |accessdate= }} </ref> *''Kirinyaga,''  [[Mike Resnick]], (1989).<ref name=":4" /> *[[Facing Mount Kenya, Jomo Kenyatta,|''Facing Mount Kenya,'' Jomo Kenyatta]], (1938); kitabu kuhusu Kikuyu.<ref name="facingmtkenya">{{cite book|title=Facing Mount Kenya|last=Kenyatta|first=Jomo|publisher=Secker and Warburg|year=1961|location=London|authorlink=Jomo Kenyatta}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|Mount Kenya|Mount Kenya}} * [http://www.mountkenya.org/ Mount Kenya homepage] * [http://www.mount-kenya.com/ Mount Kenya Information & Resource] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mount-kenya.com/ |date=20090319043845 }} * [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/800 UNESCO Mtindo Site Data Sheet juu ya Mlima Kenya] * [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=-0.151405,37.312660&amp;spn=0.166014,0.234180&amp;t=k&amp;hl=en Satellite picture by Google Maps] * [http://www.kilimanjaro.cc/mkgeolog.htm Mount Kenya Jiolojia na Glaciology] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kilimanjaro.cc/mkgeolog.htm |date=20100328152201 }} * [http://www.awf.org/section/safaris/samburu African Wildlife Foundation Safari Planner] * [http://www.mck.or.ke/ Mlima Club ya Kenya Homepage] * [http://www.mountkenyatrust.org/ Bill Woodley Mount Kenya Trust] * [http://www.animalorphanagekenya.org/ Mount Kenya Wildlife Conservancy] * [http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft8199p24c/ Wakati tulianza, kulikuwa Witchmen] ''An Oral History kutoka Mlima Kenya''  (1993) Jeffrey Fadiman * [http://www.matthewpower.net/FEAT.KENYA.pdf Vizuka juu ya Mlima Kenya] {{Wayback|url=http://www.matthewpower.net/FEAT.KENYA.pdf |date=20070929194948 }} Kifungu kutoka [[National Geographic Adventure]] magazine (2007) Mathayo Power * [http://www.kws.org/mt-kenya.html Kenya Wildlife Service's page on Mount Kenya National Park] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kws.org/mt-kenya.html |date=20070622045208 }} * [http://www.planetfear.com/articles/Frontier_Climbing_in_Kenya_446.html Frontier Climbing nchini Kenya] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130131175306/http://www.planetfear.com/articles/Frontier_Climbing_in_Kenya_446.html |date=2013-01-31 }} Article on wawili wa kwanza juu ya Hekalu ascents * [http://www.hssonline.org/publications/Newsletter2008/NewsletterApril2008photoessay.html Afrika Mashariki ubeberu photo insha] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hssonline.org/publications/Newsletter2008/NewsletterApril2008photoessay.html |date=20080820084101 }} {{mbegu-jio-Kenya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kenya, Mlima}} [[Jamii:Milima ya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Milima ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Volkeno za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mlima Kenya]] [[Jamii:Volkeno za Kenya]] [[Jamii:Mahali pa Urithi wa Dunia katika Afrika]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Kenya]] fzpwkuhpi56cmha64cxirunchkmwzqq 0 4657 1236640 1150221 2022-07-29T14:26:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Sikukuu */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Februari}} Tarehe '''4 Februari''' ni [[siku]] ya [[thelathini na tano]] ya [[mwaka]]. Ni katikati ya [[majirabaridi]] [[kaskazini]] kwa [[ikweta]] na ya [[majirajoto]] [[kusini]] kwake. Mpaka mwaka uishe zinabaki siku 330 (331 katika miaka mirefu). == Matukio == == Waliozaliwa == * [[1887]] - [[Iyasu V]], [[mfalme mkuu]] wa [[Uhabeshi]] * [[1897]] - [[Ludwig Erhard]], [[Chansela]] wa [[Ujerumani]] ([[1963]]-[[1966]]) * [[1904]] - [[MacKinlay Kantor]], mwandishi kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1906]] - [[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]], [[mwanateolojia]] nchini [[Ujerumani]] * [[1913]] - [[Rosa Parks]], [[mwanaharakati]] dhidi ya [[ubaguzi wa rangi]] nchini [[Marekani]] * [[1923]] - [[Conrad Bain]], [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1947]] - [[Dan Quayle]], Kaimu Rais wa [[Marekani]] * [[1970]] - [[Simon Pegg]], mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka [[Uingereza]] * [[1971]] - [[Eric Garcetti]] * [[1975]] - [[Natalie Imbruglia]], [[mwimbaji]] na mwigizaji filamu kutoka [[Australia]] * [[1978]] - [[Danna Garcia]], mwigizaji filamu kutoka [[Kolombia]] * [[1989]] - [[Donald Ndombo Ngoma]], [[mchezaji mpira]] nchini [[Tanzania]] == Waliofariki == * [[211]] - [[Septimius Severus]], [[Kaisari]] wa [[Dola la Roma]] (tangu [[193]]) * [[708]] - [[Papa Sisinnio]] * [[856]] - [[Mtakatifu]] [[Rabanus Maurus]], [[O.S.B.]], [[askofu]] nchini [[Ujerumani]] * [[1612]] - [[Yosefu wa Leonesa]], [[O.F.M.Cap.]], [[padre]] na [[mmisionari]] kutoka [[Italia]] * [[1928]] - [[Hendrik Antoon Lorentz]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fizikia]] mwaka wa [[1902]] * [[1963]] - [[Fred Albert Shannon]], mwanahistoria kutoka [[Marekani]] ==Sikukuu== [[Wakristo]] wengi, wakifuata [[mapokeo ya Roma]], huadhimisha [[kumbukumbu]] za [[watakatifu]] [[Eutiki wa Roma]], [[Papia, Theodori na Klaudiani]], [[Fileas]], [[Filoromus]], [[Isidori wa Pelusio]], [[Aventino wa Chartres]], [[Aventino wa Troyes]], [[Rabanus Maurus]], [[Gilberti wa Sempringham]], [[Yoana wa Valois]], [[Yosefu wa Leonesa]], [[Yohane wa Brito]] n.k. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|February 4|4 Februari}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/4 BBC: On This Day] * [http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=Feb&day=04 On This Day in Canada]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{mbegu-historia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Februari 04}} [[Jamii:Februari]] s5icku61cpy071gqd2jpk00qtmec56k 1236647 1236640 2022-07-29T14:39:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Sikukuu */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Februari}} Tarehe '''4 Februari''' ni [[siku]] ya [[thelathini na tano]] ya [[mwaka]]. Ni katikati ya [[majirabaridi]] [[kaskazini]] kwa [[ikweta]] na ya [[majirajoto]] [[kusini]] kwake. Mpaka mwaka uishe zinabaki siku 330 (331 katika miaka mirefu). == Matukio == == Waliozaliwa == * [[1887]] - [[Iyasu V]], [[mfalme mkuu]] wa [[Uhabeshi]] * [[1897]] - [[Ludwig Erhard]], [[Chansela]] wa [[Ujerumani]] ([[1963]]-[[1966]]) * [[1904]] - [[MacKinlay Kantor]], mwandishi kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1906]] - [[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]], [[mwanateolojia]] nchini [[Ujerumani]] * [[1913]] - [[Rosa Parks]], [[mwanaharakati]] dhidi ya [[ubaguzi wa rangi]] nchini [[Marekani]] * [[1923]] - [[Conrad Bain]], [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1947]] - [[Dan Quayle]], Kaimu Rais wa [[Marekani]] * [[1970]] - [[Simon Pegg]], mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka [[Uingereza]] * [[1971]] - [[Eric Garcetti]] * [[1975]] - [[Natalie Imbruglia]], [[mwimbaji]] na mwigizaji filamu kutoka [[Australia]] * [[1978]] - [[Danna Garcia]], mwigizaji filamu kutoka [[Kolombia]] * [[1989]] - [[Donald Ndombo Ngoma]], [[mchezaji mpira]] nchini [[Tanzania]] == Waliofariki == * [[211]] - [[Septimius Severus]], [[Kaisari]] wa [[Dola la Roma]] (tangu [[193]]) * [[708]] - [[Papa Sisinnio]] * [[856]] - [[Mtakatifu]] [[Rabanus Maurus]], [[O.S.B.]], [[askofu]] nchini [[Ujerumani]] * [[1612]] - [[Yosefu wa Leonesa]], [[O.F.M.Cap.]], [[padre]] na [[mmisionari]] kutoka [[Italia]] * [[1928]] - [[Hendrik Antoon Lorentz]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fizikia]] mwaka wa [[1902]] * [[1963]] - [[Fred Albert Shannon]], mwanahistoria kutoka [[Marekani]] ==Sikukuu== [[Wakristo]] wengi, wakifuata [[mapokeo ya Roma]], huadhimisha [[kumbukumbu]] za [[watakatifu]] [[Eutiki wa Roma]], [[Papia, Theodori na Klaudiani]], [[Fileas]], [[Filoromus]], [[Isidori wa Pelusio]], [[Aventino wa Chartres]], [[Aventino wa Troyes]], [[Rabanus Maurus]], [[Nikola wa Studion]], [[Gilberti wa Sempringham]], [[Yoana wa Valois]], [[Yosefu wa Leonesa]], [[Yohane wa Brito]] n.k. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|February 4|4 Februari}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/4 BBC: On This Day] * [http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=Feb&day=04 On This Day in Canada]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{mbegu-historia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Februari 04}} [[Jamii:Februari]] qlrklveygjduxfoehfony8kpgkh9fl8 1236648 1236647 2022-07-29T14:39:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Sikukuu */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Februari}} Tarehe '''4 Februari''' ni [[siku]] ya [[thelathini na tano]] ya [[mwaka]]. Ni katikati ya [[majirabaridi]] [[kaskazini]] kwa [[ikweta]] na ya [[majirajoto]] [[kusini]] kwake. Mpaka mwaka uishe zinabaki siku 330 (331 katika miaka mirefu). == Matukio == == Waliozaliwa == * [[1887]] - [[Iyasu V]], [[mfalme mkuu]] wa [[Uhabeshi]] * [[1897]] - [[Ludwig Erhard]], [[Chansela]] wa [[Ujerumani]] ([[1963]]-[[1966]]) * [[1904]] - [[MacKinlay Kantor]], mwandishi kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1906]] - [[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]], [[mwanateolojia]] nchini [[Ujerumani]] * [[1913]] - [[Rosa Parks]], [[mwanaharakati]] dhidi ya [[ubaguzi wa rangi]] nchini [[Marekani]] * [[1923]] - [[Conrad Bain]], [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1947]] - [[Dan Quayle]], Kaimu Rais wa [[Marekani]] * [[1970]] - [[Simon Pegg]], mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka [[Uingereza]] * [[1971]] - [[Eric Garcetti]] * [[1975]] - [[Natalie Imbruglia]], [[mwimbaji]] na mwigizaji filamu kutoka [[Australia]] * [[1978]] - [[Danna Garcia]], mwigizaji filamu kutoka [[Kolombia]] * [[1989]] - [[Donald Ndombo Ngoma]], [[mchezaji mpira]] nchini [[Tanzania]] == Waliofariki == * [[211]] - [[Septimius Severus]], [[Kaisari]] wa [[Dola la Roma]] (tangu [[193]]) * [[708]] - [[Papa Sisinnio]] * [[856]] - [[Mtakatifu]] [[Rabanus Maurus]], [[O.S.B.]], [[askofu]] nchini [[Ujerumani]] * [[1612]] - [[Yosefu wa Leonesa]], [[O.F.M.Cap.]], [[padre]] na [[mmisionari]] kutoka [[Italia]] * [[1928]] - [[Hendrik Antoon Lorentz]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fizikia]] mwaka wa [[1902]] * [[1963]] - [[Fred Albert Shannon]], mwanahistoria kutoka [[Marekani]] ==Sikukuu== [[Wakristo]] wengi, wakifuata [[mapokeo ya Roma]], huadhimisha [[kumbukumbu]] za [[watakatifu]] [[Eutiki wa Roma]], [[Papia, Theodori na Klaudiani]], [[Fileas]] na [[Filoromus]], [[Isidori wa Pelusio]], [[Aventino wa Chartres]], [[Aventino wa Troyes]], [[Rabanus Maurus]], [[Nikola wa Studion]], [[Gilberti wa Sempringham]], [[Yoana wa Valois]], [[Yosefu wa Leonesa]], [[Yohane wa Brito]] n.k. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|February 4|4 Februari}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/4 BBC: On This Day] * [http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=Feb&day=04 On This Day in Canada]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{mbegu-historia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Februari 04}} [[Jamii:Februari]] mz4ecaapec5f77vg6l5bdq7jab951oy 0 4762 1236819 1169174 2022-07-30T10:31:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.9 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mei}} Tarehe '''12 Mei''' ni [[siku]] ya 132 ya [[mwaka]] (ya 133 katika miaka mirefu). Mpaka uishe zinabaki siku 233. == Matukio == == Waliozaliwa == * [[1401]] - [[Shoko]], [[mfalme mkuu]] wa [[Japani]] (1412-1428) * [[1820]] - [[Florence Nightingale]], [[muuguzi]] mashuhuri kutoka [[Uingereza]] * [[1895]] - [[William Giauque]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Kemia]] mwaka wa [[1949]] * [[1910]] - [[Dorothy Hodgkin]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Kemia]], mwaka wa [[1964]] * [[1915]] - [[Frere Roger]] (Roger Schutz), [[mtawa]] kutoka [[Uswisi]] * [[1930]] - [[Mazisi Kunene]], [[mwandishi]] kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] == Waliofariki == * [[1003]] - [[Papa Silvester II]] * [[1012]] - [[Papa Sergio IV]] * [[1871]] - [[Daniel Auber]], [[mtunzi]] wa [[muziki]] [[Ufaransa|Mfaransa]] * [[1884]] - [[Bedřich Smetana]], mtunzi wa muziki kutoka [[Ucheki]] * [[1925]] - [[Amy Lowell]], mshairi kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1970]] - [[Nelly Sachs]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fasihi]], mwaka wa [[1966]] ==Sikukuu== [[Wakristo]] wengi, wakifuata [[mapokeo ya Roma]], huadhimisha [[kumbukumbu]] za [[watakatifu]] [[Nerei mfiadini|Nerei]] na [[Achilei mfiadini|Achilei]], [[Pankrasi wa Roma]], [[Sirili na wenzake]], [[Epifani wa Salamina]], [[Filipo wa Agira]], [[Modoaldi]], [[Jermano wa Konstantinopoli]], [[Dominiko wa Calzada]] n.k. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|May 12|12 Mei}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/12BBC: On This Day]{{Dead link|date=July 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=May&day=12 On this day in Canada]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{mbegu-historia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mei 12}} [[Jamii:Mei]] 0sh0li0mnpgq6nijj5eh8z4fhqewup4 0 4954 1236816 1226655 2022-07-30T10:07:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.9 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Novemba}} Tarehe '''10 Novemba''' ni [[siku]] ya 314 ya [[mwaka]] (ya 315 katika miaka mirefu). Mpaka uishe zinabaki siku 51. == Matukio == == Waliozaliwa == * [[1483]] - [[Martin Luther]], [[mwanateolojia]] kutoka [[Ujerumani]] * [[1893]] - [[John P. Marquand]], mwandishi kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1913]] - [[Karl Shapiro]], mshairi kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1918]] - [[Ernst Otto Fischer]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Kemia]] mwaka wa [[1973]] * [[1956]] - [[Sinbad]], [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1971]] - [[John Roberts]], mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1977]] - [[Brittany Murphy]], mwigizaji na [[mwimbaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1986]] - [[Samuel Wanjiru]], [[mwanariadha]] kutoka [[Kenya]] == Waliofariki == * [[461]] - [[Mtakatifu]] [[Papa Leo I]], [[mwalimu wa Kanisa]] * [[1241]] - [[Papa Celestino IV]] * [[1549]] - [[Papa Paulo III]] * [[1891]] - [[Arthur Rimbaud]], [[mshairi]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]] * [[1938]] - [[Kemal Atatürk]], [[Rais]] wa kwanza wa [[Uturuki]] * [[1997]] - [[Tommy Tedesco]], [[mwanamuziki]] kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[2007]] - [[Norman Mailer]], mwandishi kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[2008]] - [[Miriam Makeba]], mwanamuziki kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] ==Sikukuu== [[Wakristo]] wengi, wakifuata [[mapokeo ya Roma]], huadhimisha [[kumbukumbu]] za [[watakatifu]] [[Papa Leo I]], [[Demetriani]], [[Oreste wa Tiana]], [[Probo wa Ravenna]], [[Narsete na Yosefu]], [[Yusto wa Kantaberi]], [[Andrea Avellino]] n.k. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|November 10|Novemba 10}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/novemba/10 BBC: On This Day]{{Dead link|date=July 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://canadachannel.ca/todayincanadianhistory/index.php/novemba_10 Today in Canadian History]{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{mbegu-historia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Novemba 10}} [[Jamii:Novemba]] fx28soxo2i8xe21x9aey3cbq93lwv6o 0 4955 1236818 1226663 2022-07-30T10:18:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.9 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Novemba}} Tarehe '''11 Novemba''' ni [[siku]] ya 315 ya [[mwaka]] (ya 316 katika miaka mirefu). Mpaka uishe zinabaki siku 50. == Matukio == * [[1417]] - [[Uchaguzi]] wa [[Papa Martin V]] * [[1965]] - [[Wazungu]] [[walowezi]] wa [[Zimbabwe|Rhodesia]] wanajitangaza huru kutoka [[Uingereza]] * [[1975]] - Nchi ya [[Angola]] inapata [[uhuru]] kutoka [[Ureno]] == Waliozaliwa == * [[1821]] - [[Fyodor Dostoyevski]], [[mwandishi]] [[Urusi|Mrusi]] * [[1864]] - [[Alfred Fried]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Amani]] mwaka wa [[1911]] * [[1911]] - [[Antonio Casas]], [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] * [[1925]] - [[Jonathan Winters]], mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1948]] - [[Vincent Schiavelli]], mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka [[Marekani]] == Waliofariki == * [[1973]] - [[Artturi Ilmari Virtanen]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Kemia]] mwaka wa [[1945]] ==Sikukuu== [[Wakristo]] wengi, wakifuata [[mapokeo ya Roma]], huadhimisha [[kumbukumbu]] za [[watakatifu]] [[Martino wa Tours]], [[Mena wa Misri]], [[Verano wa Vence]], [[Mena wa Molise]], [[Yohane Mwenyehuruma]], [[Theodoro wa Studion]], [[Bartolomeo Kijana]], [[Marina wa Omura]] n.k. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|November 11|Novemba 11}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/novemba/11 BBC: On This Day]{{Dead link|date=July 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://canadachannel.ca/todayincanadianhistory/index.php/novemba_11 Today in Canadian History]{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{mbegu-historia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Novemba 11}} [[Jamii:Novemba]] lvl6dajxg2zckg8e2xaok6z21rnwxyh 0 4956 1236820 1226669 2022-07-30T10:31:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.9 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Novemba}} Tarehe '''12 Novemba''' ni [[siku]] ya 316 ya [[mwaka]] (ya 317 katika miaka mirefu). Mpaka uishe zinabaki siku 49. == Matukio == == Waliozaliwa == * [[1833]] - [[Alexander Borodin]], [[mtunzi]] wa [[muziki]] kutoka [[Urusi]] * [[1842]] - [[Lord Rayleigh]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fizikia]] mwaka wa [[1904]] * [[1906]] - [[George Dillon (mshairi)|George Dillon]], mshairi kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1938]] - [[Benjamin Mkapa]], [[Rais]] wa tatu wa [[Tanzania]] * [[1973]] - [[Radha Mitchell]], [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Australia]] * [[1974]] - [[Ralf Krewinkel]], [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Uholanzi]] == Waliofariki == * [[607]] - [[Papa Boniface III]] * [[1463]] - Mtakatifu [[Diego wa Alkala]], [[bradha]] wa shirika la [[Ndugu Wadogo]] kutoka [[Hispania]] * [[1623]] - Mtakatifu [[Yosafat Kuntsevych]], [[askofu]] wa [[Polotsk]] ==Sikukuu== [[Wakristo]] wengi, wakifuata [[mapokeo ya Roma]], huadhimisha [[kumbukumbu]] za [[watakatifu]] [[Yosafat Kuntsevych]], [[Nilo wa Ankara]], [[Emiliani wa Berceo]], [[Kunibati]], [[Lebuino]], [[Benedikto, Yohane na wenzao]], [[Diego wa Alkala]], [[Margarito Flores]] n.k. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|November 12|Novemba 12}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/novemba/12 BBC: On This Day]{{Dead link|date=July 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://canadachannel.ca/todayincanadianhistory/index.php/novemba_12 Today in Canadian History]{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{mbegu-historia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Novemba 12}} [[Jamii:Novemba]] jyzsw444vlh5l7ty6lcwa244ehbq8yw 0 4957 1236821 1226673 2022-07-30T10:42:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.9 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Novemba}} Tarehe '''13 Novemba''' ni [[siku]] ya 317 ya [[mwaka]] (ya 318 katika miaka mirefu). Mpaka uishe zinabaki siku 48. == Matukio == == Waliozaliwa == * [[354]] - [[Augustinus Mtakatifu]] (Aurelius Augustinus), [[askofu]] na [[mwalimu wa Kanisa]] kutoka [[Aljeria]] * [[534]] - [[Augustino wa Canterbury]], [[askofu]] [[Mkatoliki]] nchini [[Uingereza]] * [[1668]] - [[Krispino wa Viterbo]], [[bradha]] wa shirika la [[Ndugu Wadogo]] nchini [[Italia]] * [[1841]] - [[Oreste Baratieri]], [[jenerali]] wa [[Italia]] * [[1893]] - [[Edward Doisy]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Tiba]] mwaka wa [[1943]] * [[1899]] - [[Huang Xianfan]], [[mwanahistoria]] kutoka [[China]] * [[1920]] - [[Jack Elam]], [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1947]] - [[Joe Mantegna]], mwigizaji filamu kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1969]] - [[Gerard Butler]], mwigizaji filamu kutoka [[Uskoti]] == Waliofariki == * [[867]] - [[Mtakatifu]] [[Papa Nikolasi I]] * [[1955]] - [[Bernard DeVoto]], [[mwandishi]] na mwanahistoria kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[2004]] - [[Ol' Dirty Bastard]], [[mwanamuziki]] kutoka [[Marekani]] ==Sikukuu== [[Wakristo]] wengi, wakifuata [[mapokeo ya Roma]], huadhimisha [[kumbukumbu]] za [[watakatifu]] [[Antonini, Nisefori na wenzao]], [[Mitri wa Aix]], [[Brisi wa Tours]], [[Arkadi, Paskasi na wenzao]], [[Kwintiani wa Rodez]], [[Eugeni wa Toledo]], [[Papa Nikolasi I]], [[Omobono]], [[Agostina Pietrantoni]] n.k. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|November 13|Novemba 13}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/novemba/13 BBC: On This Day]{{Dead link|date=July 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://canadachannel.ca/todayincanadianhistory/index.php/novemba_13 Today in Canadian History]{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{mbegu-historia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Novemba 13}} [[Jamii:Novemba]] 122vakx8d3ge9aimdx8752ollfme6po 0 4958 1236822 1226679 2022-07-30T10:55:11Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.9 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Novemba}} Tarehe '''14 Novemba''' ni [[siku]] ya 318 ya [[mwaka]] (ya 319 katika miaka mirefu). Mpaka uishe zinabaki siku 47. == Matukio == == Waliozaliwa == * [[1861]] - [[Frederick Jackson Turner]], mwanahistoria kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1891]] - [[Frederick Banting]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Tiba]] mwaka wa [[1923]] * [[1896]] - [[Mamie Eisenhower]], [[mke]] wa [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], [[Rais]] wa [[Marekani]] ([[1953]]-[[1961]]) * [[1922]] - [[Boutros Boutros-Ghali]], [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Misri]], na [[Katibu Mkuu]] wa [[UM]], wa kwanza kutoka [[bara]] la [[Afrika]] ([[1992]]-[[1996]]) * [[1964]] - [[Patrick Warburton]], [[mwigizaji]] wa filamu kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1972]] - [[Josh Duhamel]], mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1973]] - [[Dana Snyder]], mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1983]] - [[Lil Boosie]], [[mwanamuziki]] kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1985]] - [[Thomas Vermaelen]], [[mchezaji mpira]] wa [[Ubelgiji]] == Waliofariki == * [[1391]] - [[Watakatifu]] [[Nikola Tavelic]] na wenzake, [[O.F.M.]], [[Padri|mapadri]] [[wamisionari]] na [[wafiadini]] [[Mji|mjini]] [[Yerusalemu]] * [[1716]] - [[Gottfried Leibniz]], [[mwanafalsafa]] wa [[Ujerumani]] * [[1955]] - [[Robert Sherwood]], [[mwandishi]] [[Marekani|Mmarekani]] ==Sikukuu== [[Wakristo]] wengi, wakifuata [[mapokeo ya Roma]], huadhimisha [[kumbukumbu]] za [[watakatifu]] [[Theodoto wa Marmara]], [[Ipasi wa Gangra]], [[Rufo wa Avignon]], [[Lorcán Ua Tuathail]], [[Nikola Tavelic]] na wenzake, [[Stefano Theodori Cuenot]] n.k. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|November 14|Novemba 14}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/novemba/14 BBC: On This Day]{{Dead link|date=July 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://canadachannel.ca/todayincanadianhistory/index.php/novemba_14 Today in Canadian History]{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{mbegu-historia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Novemba 14}} [[Jamii:Novemba]] 5bf25zcr4uizulcx37rijyyuoycq8gf 0 4959 1236823 1226684 2022-07-30T11:06:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.9 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Novemba}} Tarehe '''15 Novemba''' ni [[siku]] ya 319 ya [[mwaka]] (ya 320 katika miaka mirefu). Mpaka uishe zinabaki siku 46. == Matukio == * [[1926]] - [[Azimio la Balfour la 1926|Azimio la Balfour]] linaanzisha [[Jumuiya ya Kibritania]], mtangulizi wa [[Jumuiya ya Madola]] kama ushirikiano wa [[Uingereza]] na [[ukoloni|makoloni]] yake ya zamani == Waliozaliwa == * [[1397]] - [[Papa Nikolasi V]] * [[1862]] - [[Gerhart Hauptmann]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fasihi]] mwaka wa [[1912]] * [[1874]] - [[August Krogh]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Tiba]] mwaka wa [[1920]] * [[1887]] - [[Marianne Moore]], mashairi kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1931]] - [[Mwai Kibaki]], [[Rais]] wa tatu wa [[Kenya]] * [[1933]] - [[Gloria Foster]], [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1968]] - [[Ol' Dirty Bastard]], [[mwanamuziki]] kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1976]] - [[Lucy Chege]], [[mchezaji]] wa [[voliboli]] kutoka [[Kenya]] == Waliofariki == * [[1280]] - [[Mtakatifu]] [[Alberto Mkuu]], [[O.P.]], [[askofu]] na [[mwalimu wa Kanisa]] kutoka [[Ujerumani]] * [[1630]] - [[Johannes Kepler]], [[mwanafalaki]] kutoka [[Ujerumani]] * [[1839]] - [[William Murdock]], [[mhandisi]] [[Uingereza|Mwingereza]], na [[mvumbuzi]] wa taa ya gesi * [[1885]] - Mtakatifu [[Yosefu Mukasa Balikuddembe]], [[mfiadini]] wa [[Uganda]] * [[1916]] - [[Henryk Sienkiewicz]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fasihi]] mwaka wa [[1905]] * [[1919]] - [[Alfred Werner]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Kemia]] mwaka wa [[1913]] * [[1959]] - [[Charles Wilson]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fizikia]] mwaka wa [[1927]] ==Sikukuu== [[Wakristo]] wengi, wakifuata [[mapokeo ya Roma]], huadhimisha [[kumbukumbu]] za [[watakatifu]] [[Alberto Mkuu]], [[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao]], [[Guria na Samona]], [[Malo]], [[Leopoldo Mtawa]], [[Roko, Alfonso na Yohane]], [[Yosefu Pignatelli]], [[Yosefu Mukasa Balikuddembe]], [[Rafaeli Kalinowski]] n.k. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|November 15|Novemba 15}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/novemba/15 BBC: On This Day]{{Dead link|date=July 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://canadachannel.ca/todayincanadianhistory/index.php/novemba_15 Today in Canadian History]{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{mbegu-historia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Novemba 15}} [[Jamii:Novemba]] p4e8h9hjhsbi07g3tdelio48d3kfl6q 0 18667 1236807 1233798 2022-07-30T07:57:02Z ChriKo 35 Sahihisho wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uainishaji | rangi = #D3D3A4 | jina = Wanyama | picha = Animal diversity.png | upana_wa_picha = 270px | maelezo_ya_picha = Wanyama mbalimbali; kutoka juu-kushoto mpaka chini-kulia: [[kiti cha pweza]], [[sifongo-bahari]], [[ngisi|ngisi kibete]], [[konyeza]], [[nondo|nondo-chui]], [[mwata]], [[kombe|kombe-taa]], [[chui milia]], [[mfoko-bahari]], [[kidudu-dubu]], [[mnyama-kigoga]], [[mkunga|mkunga-chui]], [[kaa]], [[daa kichwa-miiba]], [[kunguru|kunguru buluu]], [[buibui mrukaji]], [[mnyoo-bapa|mnyoo-bapa bahari]], [[daa-upepeo]]. | domeni = [[Eukaryota]] | himaya_bila_tabaka = [[Opisthokonta]] | himaya = '''Animalia''' | bingwa_wa_himaya = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 | subdivision = [[Faila]]: * '''Nusuhimaya [[Parazoa]]''' ** [[Porifera]] ([[Sifongo-bahari]]) ** [[Placozoa]] ([[Kinyama-bapa|Vinyama-bapa]]) * '''Nusuhimaya [[Eumetazoa]]''' ** '''[[Radiata]] (bila tabaka)''' *** [[Ctenophora]] ([[Konyeza-vichanio]]) *** [[Cnidaria]] ([[Mnyama-upupu|Wanyama-upupu]]) ** '''[[Bilateria]] (bila tabaka)''' *** [[Orthonectida]] *** [[Rhombozoa]] *** [[Acoelomorpha]] *** [[Chaetognatha]] ([[Daa-mshale]]) **** '''Faila ya juu [[Deuterostomia]]''' ***** [[Chordata]] ([[Kodata]]) ***** [[Hemichordata]] ([[Hemikodata]]) ***** [[Echinodermata]] ([[Mnyama Ngozi-miiba|Wanyama ngozi-miiba]]) ***** [[Xenoturbellida]] ***** †[[Vetulicolia]] *** '''[[Protostomia]] (bila tabaka)''' **** '''Faila ya juu [[Ecdysozoa]]''' ***** [[Kinorhyncha]] ([[Dragoni-matope]]) ***** [[Loricifera]] ([[Kidudu-deraya|Vidudu-deraya]]) ***** [[Priapulida]] ([[Daa-mboo]]) ***** [[Nematoda]] ([[Nematodi]] au minyoo-kuru) ***** [[Nematomorpha]] ([[Mnyoo-unywele|Minyoo-unywele]]) ***** [[Onychophora]] ([[Mdudu-ute|Wadudu-ute]]) ***** [[Tardigrada]] ([[Kidudu-dubu|Vidudu-dubu]]) ***** [[Arthropoda]] ([[Arithropodi]]) **** '''Faila ya juu [[Platyzoa]]''' ***** [[Platyhelminthes]] ([[Mnyoo-bapa|Minyoo-bapa]]) ***** [[Gastrotricha]] ***** [[Rotifera]] ([[Kidudu-gurudumu|Vidudu-gurudumu]]) ***** [[Acanthocephala]] ([[Mnyoo kichwa-miiba|Minyoo kichwa-miiba]]) ***** [[Gnathostomulida]] ([[Rusu mdomo-tupa]]) ***** [[Micrognathozoa]] ***** [[Cycliophora]] ([[Kidudu-kifuko|Vidudu-kifuko]]) **** '''Faila ya juu [[Lophotrochozoa]]''' ***** [[Sipuncula]] ([[Daa-njugu]]) ***** †[[Hyolitha]] ***** [[Nemertea]] ([[Daa-mkonga]]) ***** [[Phoronida]] ([[Daa-mguufarasi]]) ***** [[Bryozoa]] ([[Kinyama-kigoga|Vinyama-kigoga]]) ***** [[Entoprocta]] ([[Mnyama-bilauri|Wanyama-bilauri]]) ***** [[Brachiopoda]] ([[Kombe-kikonyo]]) ***** [[Mollusca]] ([[Moluska]]) ***** [[Annelida]] ([[Anelidi]]) }} '''Wanyama''' ([[jina la kisayansi]] ni '''animalia''' na hutoka katika [[Kilatini]]) ni [[viumbehai]] wasio [[mmea]], [[kuvu]], [[bakteria]], [[protista]] au [[Archaea|arkea]]. Vile vile tunaweza kusema [[wanyama]] ni viumbehai wanaotegemea [[chakula]] kutoka sehemu nyingine: wao hawana uwezo wa kujitengenezea chakula chao wenyewe kupitia [[usanisinuru]] ([[nishati]] ya [[jua]]) lakini kutoka kwa viumbehai vingine ama wanyama wengine au mimea. Kufuatana na aina ya chakula tunatofautisha hasa wanaokula mimea wanaoitwa [[mlamani|walamani]] au [[mlamea|walamea]] (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''herbivorous'') na wanaokula [[nyama]] wanaoitwa [[walanyama]] au [[Mgwizi|wagwizi]] (ing. ''carnivorous''). Kuna pia [[walavyote]] (ing. ''omnivorous'') wanaoweza kula kila kitu, ama mimea ama wanyama wengine (ing. ''omnivorous''). Wanyama wanahitaji [[oksijeni]] kwa [[upumuo|kupumua]]. Wanyama walio wengi hutembea yaani hubadilisha mahali wanapokaa, kwa hiyo wanahitaji [[milango ya maarifa]]. [[Sayansi]] inayochunguza wanyama huitwa [[zuolojia]], ambayo ni [[tawi]] la [[biolojia]]. Aina za wanyama ni nyingi sana. Mara nyingi aina zao zinatofautishwa kama ni wanyama wenye [[seli]] nyingi ([[metazoa]]) au seli moja ([[protozoa]]) tu. Kuna wanyama wanaoishi peke yao, katika vikundi na [[jamii]]. Mfano wa wanyama wanaoishi peke yao ni [[kifaru]] au [[nyoka]]. Wanajumuika kwa tendo la kuzaa pekee. Mfano wa wanyama wa jumuiya ni [[simba]] wanaokaa na kuwinda pamoja. Ushirikiano unasaidia kupata chakula bora. Mfano wa wanyama katika jamii ni [[nyuki]] na [[wadudu]] wengine. Upande wa [[mwili]] hata [[binadamu]] ni mnyama na ki[[maumbile]] anahesabiwa kati ya [[mamalia]]. Binadamu hutofautisha mara nyingi wanyama wakubwa zaidi, kwa kawaida wenye [[uti wa mgongo]] (kwa Kilatini: [[Chordata]]), kati ya: *[[Wanyama wa pori]] au wanyamapori *Wanyama wa kufugwa au [[mifugo]] *[[Wanyama-kipenzi]]<ref>https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/usasa-unavyowahatarisha-watu-kuambukizwa-3572078</ref> ==Viungo vya nje== {{commonscat|Animals|Wanyama}} {{mbegu-biolojia}} [[Jamii:Wanyama]] [[Jamii:Biolojia]] j4b7gfmnhw4r7v4m1ro1doe8m56dyga 0 21694 1236815 1143814 2022-07-30T09:52:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.9 wikitext text/x-wiki ^{''Kwa maana mbalimbali ya jina hili tazama [[Mkwajuni|hapa]]''} '''Mkwajuni''' ni kata ya [[Wilaya ya Unguja Kaskazini 'A']] katika [[Mkoa wa Kaskazini Unguja]], [[Tanzania]] yenye [[Postikodi]][[namba]]'''73102'''.<ref>https://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/postcode/ungujaKaskazini.pdf{{Dead link|date=July 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mwaka wa [[2002]], kata ina wakazi wapatao 6,379 waishio humo. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/districts/north_a.htm|title=Ripoti Kuu ya Hesabu ya Sensa ya Watu na Makazi kwa Mwaka wa 2002|publisher=Serikali ya [[Tanzania]]|language=en|accessdate=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20031228055417/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/districts/north_a.htm|archivedate=2003-12-28}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-jio-unguja}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Unguja Kaskazini 'A'}} [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kaskazini Unguja]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Unguja Kaskazini 'A']] soulcfddgpv68i64tu5kjh7whht9vwu 0 32082 1236800 1233726 2022-07-30T07:35:43Z BevoLJ 53014 /* Viungo vya nje */ - {{Fb}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|Manchester United|the video game series|Manchester United (video game series)}} {{Infobox Football club | clubname = Manchester United | image = [[Picha:Man Utd FC .svg|200px|Manchester United's crest]] | fullname = Manchester United Football Club<!-- see discussion --> | nickname = The Red Devils<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/manchester-united |title=Manchester United Football Club |accessdate=2 Machi 2008 |publisher=Premier League |archivedate=2011-06-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606075748/http://www.premierleague.com/page/manchester-united }}</ref> | founded = 1878, as ''Newton Heath L&YR F.C.'' | ground = [[Old Trafford]] | capacity = 74,879 | chairman = {{Flag icon|USA}} [[Joel Glazer|Joel]] & [[Avram Glazer]] | chrtitle = Co-chairmen | manager = {{Flag icon|SCO}} [[Ole Gunnar Solskjær]] | pattern_la1 = _manutd1920h|pattern_b1 = _manutd1920h|pattern_ra1 = _manutd1920h|pattern_sh1 = _mufc201920h|pattern_so1 = _mufc201920h | leftarm1 = E80909 |body1 = E80909 |rightarm1 = E80909 |shorts1 = FFFFFF |socks1 = 000000 | pattern_la2 = _manutd1920a|pattern_b2 = _manutd1920a|pattern_ra2 = _manutd1920a|pattern_sh2 = _mufc201920a|pattern_so2 = _3_stripes_black | leftarm2 = FBEEC4|body2 = FBEEC4|rightarm2 = FBEEC4|shorts2 = 000000|socks2 = FBEEC4 | pattern_la3 = _manutd1920t |pattern_b3 = _manutd1920t |pattern_ra3 = _manutd1920t |pattern_sh3 = _manutd1920t |pattern_so3 = _manutd1920t | leftarm3 = 000000 |body3 = 000000 |rightarm3 = 000000 |shorts3 = 000000 |socks3 = 000000 }} '''Manchester United''' ni [[kilabu]] cha [[kandanda]] cha [[Uingereza]], ambacho ni kimojawapo kati ya vilabu maarufu sana ulimwenguni, na kina makao katika [[Old Trafford]] eneo la Greater [[Manchester]]. Kilabu hiki kilikuwa mwanachama mwanzilishi wa Ligi ya Premier mwaka 1992, na kimeshiriki katika divisheni ya juu ya kandanda ya Uingereza tangu mwaka wa [[1938]], isipokuwa msimu wa [[1974]]-[[1975]]. Mahudhurio ya wastani kwenye kilabu yamekuwa ya juu kuliko timu nyingine yoyote katika kandanda ya Uingereza kwa misimu yote isipokuwa sita tangu 1964-65.<ref name="attendance">{{Cite web |title=European Football Statistics |url=http://www.european-football-statistics.co.uk/attn/attneng.htm |accessdate=24 Juni 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080613212457/http://www.european-football-statistics.co.uk/attn/attneng.htm |archivedate=2008-06-13 }}</ref> Manchester United ndiyo bingwa wa sasa wa Uingereza na washikilizi wa Kombe la Dunia la Vilabu, baada ya kushinda Ligi ya Primia 2008-09 na [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]]. Kilabu hicho ni miongoni mwa vilabu vyenye ufanisi mkubwa katika historia ya kandanda ya Uingereza na kimeshinda mataji makubwa 22 tangu Alex Ferguson alipochukua wadhifa wa meneja wake mnamo Novemba 1986. Mwaka wa 1968, kilikuwa kilabu cha kwanza kushinda Kombe la Uropa kwa kucharaza Benfica 4-1. Walishinda kombe la pili la Ulaya kama sehemu ya ushindi wa mataji matatu mwaka 1999, na la tatu mwaka wa 2008, kabla ya kumaliza katika nafasi ya pili mwaka wa cha 2009. Kilabu hicho kinashikilia rekodi mbili ya kushinda mataji mengi ya Ligi ya Uingereza mara 18 na pia kushikilia rekodi kwa wingi wa kutwaa kombe la FA ikiwa imeshinda mara 11.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Manchester United win 11th FA Cup |url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/story/2004/05/22/manchesterunited040522.html |work=CBC Sports |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |date=22 Mei 2004 |accessdate=12 Agosti 2007 |archivedate=2013-05-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521024951/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/story/2004/05/22/manchesterunited040522.html }}</ref> Tangu mwisho wa mwaka ya 1990, kilabu hicho kimekuwa mojawapo ya vilabu tajiri duniani kilicho na mapato ya juu kuliko kilabu chochote,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/Headlines/0,,12306~1212087,00.html |title=United tops global rich list |work=premierleague.com |publisher=Premier League |date=11 Januari 2008 |accessdate=11 Januari 2008 |archivedate=2011-11-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109013518/http://www.premierleague.com/page/Headlines/0,,12306~1212087,00.html }}</ref> na sasa kinatajwa kama kilabu chenye thamani zaidi katika mchezo wowote, na makisio ya thamana ya takriban bilioni £ 1.136 (bilioni € 1.319 ) Aprili 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Soccer Team Valuations (Special Report) |url=http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/34/soccer-values-09_Soccer-Team-Valuations_Rank.html |work=Forbes.com |publisher=[[Forbes]] |date=4 Aprili 2009 |accessdate=12 Agosti 2009 }}</ref> Manchester United ilikuwa mwanachama mwanzilishi wa kundi la vilabu la G-14 la Vilabu kuu vya kandanda Uingereza, ambalo halipo tena, na European Club Association, muungano uliochukua nafasi yake.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Agreement heralds new era in football |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefa/keytopics/kind=4096/newsid=648350.html |work=uefa.com |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=21 Januari 2008 |accessdate=21 Januari 2009 }}</ref> [[Alex Ferguson]] amekuwa meneja wa kilabu hicho tangu 6 Novemba 1986 alipojiunga na kilabu hicho kutoka Aberdeen baada ya kung'atuka kwa Ron Atkinson.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Northcroft |title=20 glorious years, 20 key decisions |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/article625585.ece |work=The Sunday Times |publisher=Times Newspapers |date=5 Novemba 2006 |accessdate=26 Januari 2009 }}</ref> Nahodha wa kilabu wa sasa ni Garry Neville, aliyechukua nafasi ya Roy Keane Novemba 2005.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Neville appointed Man Utd skipper |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/4492224.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=2 Desemba 2005 |accessdate=21 Januari 2009 }}</ref> {{TOC limit|3}} ==Historia== === Miaka ya mwanzo (1878–1945) === [[Picha:Manchester_United_FC_League_Performance.svg|thumb|Chati inayoonyesha maendeleo ya Manchester United F.C katika mfumo wa ligi ya kandanda Uingereza tangu kujiunga kama Newton Heath mwaka 1892-93 kwa sasa]] Kilabu kilianzishwa kikijulikana kama '''Newton Heath L & YR F.C.''' mwaka wa 1878 kama timu ya kazi ya bohari la Reli la Lancashire na Yorkshire huko Newton Heath. Mashati ya kilabu hiyo yalikuwa ya kijani na nusu dhahabu. Walicheza kwenye uwanja mdogo, uliochakaa huko North Road kwa miaka kumi na mitano, kabla ya kuhamia Bank Street katika mji wa karibu wa Clayton mwaka wa 1893. Kilabu kilikuwa kimeingia ligi ya kandanda ya Football Leagu mwaka uliotangulia na kuanza kukatiza uhusiano wake na bohari la reli, na ikawa kampuni ya kujitegemea, ikimteua katibu wa kilabu na kudondoasha herufi “L&amp;YR” kutoka jina lao na kujiita '''Newton Heath F.C.''' Muda mrefu haukupita, mwaka 1902, kilabu kilikaribia kufilisika, kikawa na madeni ya zaidi ya £2,500. Wakati mmoja, uwanja wao wa Bank Street ulifungwa na wadai wao.<ref name="north_road">{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Alex |title=The Official Illustrated History of Manchester United |url=https://archive.org/details/officialillustra0000unse |year=2006 |publisher=[[Orion Publishing Group|Orion Books]] |location=London |isbn=0-7528-7603-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/officialillustra0000unse/page/14 14] |chapter=1878-1915: From Newton Heath to Old Trafford }}</ref> Kabla ya kufungwa kabisa, kilabu kilipokea uwekezaji mkubwa kutoka kwa J. H. Davies, mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Manchester Breweries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.talkfootball.co.uk/guides/footballclubs/history_of_manchester_united.html |title=Manchester United FC |accessdate=2008-03-09 |publisher=Talk Football |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/612eZjdan?url=http://www.talkfootball.co.uk/guides/footballclubs/history_of_manchester_united.html |archivedate=2011-08-19 }}</ref> Kuna tetesi kuwa Harry Stafford, nahodha wa kilabu alikuwa akijivunia mbwa wake wa thamani wa aina ya St. Bernard katika mkutano wa kuchangishia kilabu fedha, wakati Davies alipomwendea ili kumnunua mbwa huyo. Stafford alikataa, lakini aliweza kumshawishi Davies kuwekeza katika kilabu na kuwa mwenyekiti wake.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4630489.stm |title=Man Utd's turbulent business history |accessdate=8 Juni 2007 |author=Bill Wilson |date=29 Juni 2005 |publisher=BBC News }}</ref> Iliamuliwa katika kikao cha bodi ya mapema kuwa kilabu kilihitaji kubadilishwa jina ili kuashiria mwanzo huo mpya. Manchester Central na Manchester Celtic ni miongoni mwa majina yaliopendekezwa kabla ya Louis Rocca, mhamiaji mchanga kutoka Italy aliposema "Ndugu zangu, mbona tusijiite Manchester united?"<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Alex |title=The Official Illustrated History of Manchester United |url=https://archive.org/details/officialillustra0000unse |year=2006 |publisher=Orion Books |location=London |isbn=0-7528-7603-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/officialillustra0000unse/page/16 16] |chapter=1878-1915: From Newton Heath to Old Trafford }}</ref> Jina hilo lilibakia hivyo, na Manchester United likawa jina rasmi tarehe 26 Aprili 1902. Davies pia aliamua itakuwa vyema kubadili rangi za kilabu, walitupilia mbalirangi za kijani na nusu dhahabu za Newton Health na kuchagua nyekundu na nyeupe kuwa rangi za Manchester United. Ernest Mangnall aliteuliwa kama katibu wa kilabu baada ya James West ambaye alikuwa amejiizulu kama meneja tarehe 28 Septemba 1902. Mangnall alitwikwa jukumu la kujitahidi kukifika kilabu kwenye Divisheni ya kwanza, na kushindwa kidogo tu katika jaribio la kwanza kusudio hilo kwa jaribuio la, walipomaliza katika nafasi ya tano katika Divisheni ya pili. Mangnall aliamua kwamba ilikuwa muhimu kuleta machipukizi katika klabu, na kuwasajili wachezaji kama vile Harry Moger katika lango, Dick Duckworth, beki wa nyuma na Jack Picken mbele lakini ilikuwa na beki wa nyuma mwingine kwa jina la Charlie Roberts aliyeleta mabadiliko makubwa. Alinunuliwa kwa £750 kutoka Grimsby Town Aprili 1904, na kuisaidi klabu kumaliza msimu wa 1903-04 kikiwa kimekosa alama moja tu kipandishwe ngazi iliyofuata. Hata hivyo, haikuchukua muda mrefu, kilabu kilipandishwa cheo hadi Divisheni ya Kwanza kwa mara ya kwanza chini ya jina mpya na kumaliza katika nafasi ya pili katika Divisheni ya Pili mwaka wa 1905-06. Msimu wa kujiiimarisha ulifuatia, huku kilabu ikimaliza katika nafasi ya nane, kabla ya kutwaa taji lao la kwanza la ligi mwaka wa 1908. Katika siku za karibuni,Manchester City ilikuwa ikichunguzwa kwa kuwalipa baadhi ya wachezaji wao mshahara uliozidi kiwango kilichopendekezwa na masharti ya FA. Walipigwa faini ya £250 na wachezaji wao kumi na wanane wakapigwa marufuku kuwachezea tena. United hawakusita kukabiliana na hali hiyo na kuwatwaa Billy Meredith (almaarufu Welsh Wizard) na Sandy Turnbull, miongoni mwa wengine. Vijana hao wageni kutoka mji jirani hawakuruhusiwa kucheza hadi tarehe mosi mwaka wa 1907, kwa sababu ya marufuku yao, kwa hivyo hatua hiyo iliahirishwa hadi msimu wa 1907-08 ili waweze kuendeleza jitihada za united kutwaa taji. Na hilo walifanya, walianza kampeni yao kwa kishindo kwa kuishinda Sheffield United 2-1 na kuanzisha msururu wa ushindi mfululilizo mara kumi. Licha ya msimu kuonekana wenye tatizo mwishoni, United ilifaulu kushikilia na kumaliza msimu kwa pointi tisa mbele ya wapinzani wao wa karibu Aston Villa. Msimu uliofuatia ulianza kwa United kujitwalia fedha nyingine, [[Charity Shield]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://footballsite.co.uk/Statistics/CommunityShield/1907-08CharityShield.htm |title=1908 Charity Shield |accessdate=12 Agosti 2007 |publisher=footballsite.co.uk |archivedate=2011-08-19 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/612eanlL2?url=http://footballsite.co.uk/Statistics/CommunityShield/1907-08CharityShield.htm }}</ref> ambayo ilikuwa ya kwanza kuwahi kutolewa na kumalizia kwa taji jingine, taji la kwanza kwa kilabu cha FA, ambalo lilipanda mbegu njema ya kile kimekuwa rekodi ya mataji ya FA. Jinsi walivyokuwa katika kampeni ya taji la kwanza la klabu, Turnbull na Meredith walikuwa na umuhimu katika msimu huu, Turnbull akifunga bao la ushindi katika Finali ya kombe la FA. Ilibidi Klabu kusubiri miaka mingine miwili kabla ya kushinda makombe mengine zaidi, kilishinda Divisheni ya Kwanza kwa mara ya pili katika msimu wa 1910-11. Wakati huo huo, United ilihamia uga wao mpy wa Old Trafford. Walichezea mmchuano wao wa kwanza huko tarehe 19 Februari 1910 dhidi ya Liverpool, lakini wakapoteza 4-3 baada ya kupoteza ushindi wao wa 3-0. Kisha wakasalia bila kombe tena katika msimu wa 1911-12, ambao haukuwa tu wa mwisho kwa Mangnall kuhusikia (alihamia Manchester City baada ya miaka kumi na United), lakini pia wakati wa mwisho kwa klabu kushinda Divisheni ya Kwanza baada ya miaka 41, muda mrefu zaidi ambao klabu imekaa bila kushinda ligi katika historia yake. Kwa miaka kumi iliyofuata, klabu kilishuhudia hali ya kudidimia polepole kabla ya kushushwa ngazi ya chini, Division ya pili katika 1922. Walipandishwa ngazi tena mwaka 1925, wakang'ang'ana kufika nusu ya msimamo wa ligi, na wakashushwa ngazi tena mwaka wa 1931. Katika miaka minane iliyotangulia Vita vya Pili vya Dunia, klabu kilididimia na kuwa klabu yo-yo, kikafikia kiwango chao cha chini zaidi cha nafasi ya 20 katika Divisheni ya Pili mwaka wa 1934. Walipandishwa tena katika msimu wa mwisho kabla ya Vita vya Pili vya Dunia. Walijihakikishia nafasi yao katika kiwango cha juu baada ya vita kwa kumaliza katika nafasi ya 14 katika msimu wa 1938-39. === Kipindi cha Busby (1945-1969) === 1945 ilishuhudia kuteuliwa kwa Matt Busby kuwa msimamizi katika Old Trafford. Alitumia mtindo usio wa kawaida kufanya kazi yake, akisisitiza kuwa aruhusiwe kuchagua timu yake mwenyewe, kuchagua wachezaji atakaowaajiri na kuwafunza mwenyewe. Mwenyewe alikuwa tayari amepoteza kazi ya usimamizi kwenye kilabu chake cha awali, Liverpool, kwa sababu klabu kiliona kazi hizo kama za wakurugenzi lakini United ikaamua kujaribu mawazo bunifu ya Busby. Wa kwanza kusajiliwa na Busby hakuwa mchezaji, bali meneja msaidizi mpya kwa jina la Jimmy Murphy. Hatua hatari ambayo klabu ilichukulia kumteua Bushy ilileta mazao ya mara moja, klabu kilipomaliza katika nafasi ya pili katika ligi ya 1947, 1483 na 1949 na kushinda kombe la FA 1948, kutokana na juhudi za wazao wa hapo watatu, Stan Pearson, Jack Rowley na Charlie Mitten (Rowley na Pearson walifunga katika fainali ya kombe la 1948), na pia kiungo wa kati kutoka Kazini Mashariki, Allenby Chilton. Charlie Mitten alikuwa amekimbilia Kolombia kutafuta mshahara bora,lakini wachezaji waliobaki waliweza kushinda taji la Divisheni ya Kwanza baadaye mwaka 1952. Hata hivyo, Busby alijua kwamba timu za kandanda zilihitaji zaidi ya tajriba, kwa hivyo alitumia sera ya kuleta wachezaji kutoka katika timu ya vijana pale ilipowezekana. Mara ya kwanza, wachezaji wachanga kama vile Roger Byrne, Bill Foulkes, Mark Jones na Dennis Viollet, walichukua muda kuzoea timu kuu, na kuteremka hadi nafasi ya nane mwaka 1956, lakini timu hiyo ilishinda ligi tena katika mwaka wa 1956 kwa umri wa wastani miaka 22 tu, na kufunga mabao 103 wakati huo. Sera ya kuteua vijana iliyowekwa na Busby sasa imekuwa fadhila mahususi kwa vipindi vilivyofanikiwa zaidi katika historia ya klabu (katikati ya 1950, kati na mwisho wa miaka ya 1960 na miak 1990). Kundi asilia la vijana wachezaji lilijulikana kama Busby Babes, ambapo aliyevuma sana alikuwa kiungo wa pembeni Duncan Edwards. Kijana huyo kutoka Dudley, West Midlands aliichezea United kwa mara ya kwanza kabisa akiwa na umri wa miaka 16 tu mwaka 1953. Ilisemekana kuwa Edwards angeweza kucheza katika nafasi yoyote uwanjani, na wengi waliomwona akicheza walisema kuwa yeye ndiye alikuwa mchezaji maarufu kabisa katika historia ya mchezo huo. Msimu uliofuata, 1956-57, walishinda ligi tena na kufikia fainali ya Kombe la FA, na kupoteza kwa Aston Villa. Pia ilikuwa timu ya kwanza ya Uingereza kushindana katika kombe la Uropa, kwa amri ya FA, ambayo ilikuwa imeiinyima Chelsea fursa sawa na hiyo msimu uliotangulia, na kufika nusu fainali kabla ya kung'olewa na Real Madrid. Ikielekea nusu fainali hizo, United pia iliacha rekodi kwa ushindi ambayo bado ipo kama washindi wakuu katika mashindano yote, kwa kuwachapa mabingwa wa Ubelgiji Anderlecht mabao 10-0 ugani Maine Road. [[Picha:Munich memorial plaque.JPG|thumb|left|Bamba la taarifa Old Trafford kwa heshima ya wachezaji walikufa katika ajali ya ndege ya Munich.]] Janga liliikumba msimu uliofuata, wakati ndege iliyokuwa imewabeba wachezaji kurejea nyumbani kutoka mchuano wa European Cup ilipoanguka pindi ilipoanza kupaa baada ya kutua kujaza mafuta huko Munich, Ujerumani. Ajali hiyo ya ndege Munich ya 6 Februari 1958 ilisababisha vifo vya wachezaji - Geoff Bent, Roger Byrne, Eddie Colman, Duncan Edwards, Marko Jones, Daudi Pegg, Tommy Taylor na Liam "Billy" Whelan - na abiria wengine kumi na watano, pamoja na wafanyikazi wa United Walter Crickmer, Bert Whalley na Tom Curry.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/6/newsid_2535000/2535961.stm |title=Munich Air Disaster |accessdate=12 Agosti 2007 |publisher=BBC News }}</ref> Tayari kulikuwa na majaribio mawili ya kupaa kabla hilo la tatu lililoishia maafa, lilisababishwa na kujazana kwa tope mwishoni mwa barabara ya ndege na hivyo kupunguza kasi ya ndege hadi kiwango kisichotosha kupaa. Ndege iliteleza nje ya mwishoni mwa barabara ya kupaa, kupitia uani na kuingia katika nyumba ambazo hazikuwa na watu watu. Mlindalango wa United Harry Gregg alifanikiwa kutozirai baada ya ajali, na kwa kuhofia kulipuka kwa ndege wakati wowote, aliwakamata Bobby Charlton-ambaye alikuwa ameichezea United mechi yake ya kwanza kabisa miezi 18 tu iliyopita – na Denni Viollet viunoni na kuwavuta mahali salama. Wachezaji 7 wa United walikufa katika eneo la tukio, huku Duncan Edwards akifa majuma mawili baadaye hospitalini. Wing'a wa kulia Johnny Berry pia alinusurika ajali hiyo, lakini majeraha aliyopata kwenye ajali yalisitisha ghafla uchezaji wa kandanda. Matt Busby hakutumainiwa kuishi zaidi na madaktari wa Munich na wakati mmoja alifanyiwa Maombi ya Mwisho, lakini alipata afueni kimiujiza na hatimaye aliruhusiwa kutoka hospitalini baada ya kulazwa kwa zaidi ya miezi miwili. Kulikuwa na uvumi kuwa klabu ingefilisika na kujiondoa kutoka mashindano yote, lakini Jimmy Murphy aliposhikilia usukani kama meneja huku Busby akiendelea kupona majeraha, klabu kiliendelea kucheza kwa timu hafifu. Licha ya ajali hiyo, walifika fainali ya kombe la FA tena, ambapo walipoteza dhidi ya Bolton Wanderers. Mwishoni mwa msimu, UEFA iliipa FA nafasi ya kuwasilisha United na mabingwa wa msimu Wolverhampton Wanderers, kushiriki kombe la Uropa mwaka 1958-59 kama heshima kwa waathiriwa lakini FA ilikataa. United ilimudu kuikaba Wolves koo msimu uliofuata, huku ikimaliza katika nafasi ya kuridhisha ya pili; haikuwa mbaya kwa timu iliyokuwa imepoteza wachezaji tisa katika ajali ya ndege ya Munich. Busby aliijenga upya tena timu hiyo mapema miaka ya 1960, akisajili wachezaji kama vile Denis Law na Pat Crerand, wakati huo huo akilea kizazi chake kipya cha vijana chipukizi. Huenda maarufu zaidi katika kundi hili jipya alikuwa kijana kutoka Belfast aliyeitwa George Best. Best alikuwa na uanariadha wa kipekee , lakini kipawa chake cha thamani zaidi kilikuwa kudhibiti mpira. Miguu yake ya kasi ilimruhusu kupenya kwenye mwanya wowote katika ngome ya wapinzani, hata uwe mdogo kiasi gani. Timu hiyo ilitwaa Kombe la FA mwaka wa 1963, ingawa ilimaliza katika nafasi ya 19 katika Daraja la Kwanza. Shangwe za ushindi wa Kombe la FA zilionekana kuwaimarisha wachezaji, waliosaidia klabu kufikia nafasi ya pili 1964, na kuimarika zaidi kwa kushinda ligi katika mwaka wa 1965 na 1967. United ilishinda kombe la Uropa 1968 kwa kuinyuka Eusébio's Benfica 4-1 kwenye fainali na kuwa kilabu cha kwanza Uingereza kushinda shindano hilo. Timu hii ya United ilikuwa maarufu kwa kuwa na wanakandanda watatu bora wa Mwaka barani Uropa: Bobby Charlton, Denis Law na George Best. Matt Busby alijiuzulu kama meneja 1969 na nafasi yake kuchukuliwa na kocha wa akiba na pia aliyekuwa mchezaji wa United, Wilf McGuinness. === 1969-1986 === United ilijitahidi kujaza nafasi ya Busby, na timu ilitatizika chini ya Wilf McGunness katika msimu wa 1969-70, ilipomaliza katika nafasi ya kukatisha tamaa ya nane, na kufuatiwa na kuanza vibaya katika msimu wa 1970-1971, McGunnies alishushwa madaraka na kuwa kocha wa timu ya akiba. Busby alishawishwa kurudi klabuni, japo kwa miezi sita pekee. Matokeo yalikuwa bora chini ya uongozi wa Busby, lakini hatimaye aliondoka klabuni kwa mara ya mwisho katika majira ya joto ya 1971. Hayo yakijiri, United ilikuwa imewapoteza wachezaji wa hali ya juu kama Nobby Stiles na Pat Crerand. Licha ya kumwomba maneja aliyeiongoza Celtic kushinda kombe la Uropa Jock Stein, kuwa meneja wake, Stein alikubali kwa mkataba wa mazungumzo kujiunga na United, lakini akaghairi msimamo dakika za mwisho- Frank O’Farrell aliteuliwa kumrithi Busby. Hata hivyo, kama Mc Guinness, O’Farrell alidumu chini ya miezi 18, tofauti kati ya wawili hao ni kuwa O’Farrell aliitikia matokea ya timu yasiyo ya kuridhisha kwa kuleta vipaji vipya, wakutajika hasa ni Martini Buchaman kutoka Aberdeen kwa malipo ya £125,000. Tommy Docherty akawa meneja mwishoni mwa 1972. Docherty, au "Doc", aliiokoa United kutoshushwa ngazi msimu huo lakini walishushwa mwaka 1974, wakati ambapo nyota watatu , Best, Law na Charlton walikuwa wamekihama klabu. Denis Law alikuwa amehamia Manchester City katika majira ya joto ya 1973, na kuishia kufunga bao ambalo watu wengi husema liliishusha ngazi ya United, kwa adabu alikataa kusherehekea pamoja na wanatimu wenzake. Wachezaji kama vile Lou Macari, Stewart Houston na Brian Greenhoff waliletwa kuchukua nafasi za Best, Law na Charlton lakini hakuna aliyefikia kimo cha watatu hao waliotangulia. Timu iliweza kupandishwa ngazi katika jaribio la kwanza, huku kijana Steve Coppell akishiriki mchuano wake wa kwanza kuelekea mwisho wa msimu baada ya kujiunga na klabu kutoka Tranmere Rovers na kufika fainali za Kombe la FA mwaka 1976, lakini walishindwa na Southampton. Walifika fainali tena mwaka 1977, walipoishinda Liverpool 2-1. Pamoja na mafanikio na umaarufu wake miongoni mwa mashabiki, Docherty alipigwa kalamu mara baada ya fainali ilipopatikana kuwa alikuwa na uhusiano wa kimapenzi na mke wa mtaalamu wa tibamaungo (physiotherapist). [[Dave Sexton]] alichukua nafasi ya Docherty kama meneja katika majira ya joto ya 1977 na kuifanya timu kucheza mtindo wa kujihami zaidi. Mtindo huu haukupendwa na mashabiki ambao walikuwa wamezoea mtindo wa kandanda ya kushambulia iliyopendelewa na Docherty na Busby. Usajili mkuu wa wachezaji uliofanyika chini ya Sexton ulihusisha [[Joe Jordan]], [[Gordon McQueen]], [[Gary Baileyna]] na [[Ray Wilkins]] lakini kwa sababu ya mtindo wa kujihamu wa Sexton, United ilishindwa kutoka katika safu ya kati isipokuwa mara moja tu, ilipomaliza katika nafasi ya timu mbili bora na ikaweza kufikia finali ya kombe la F.A mara moja, ilipoteza kwa timu ya [[Arsenal]]. Kwa sababu ya ukosefu huu wa vikombe, Sexton alifutwa mwaka wa 1981, ingawa alikuwa ameshinda michuano yake yote saba ya mwisho. Nafasi yake ilichukuliwa na mshaufu [[Ron Atkinson]] ambaye fikra zake za ucheshi zilidhihirika katika vilabu alivyosimamia. Mara moja alivunja rekodi ya Uingereza ya ada ya uhamisho kwa kumsajili Bryan Robson kutoka klabu yake ya zamani, West Bromwich Albion. Robson aliibuka kuwa kile wengi{{Who|date=Novemba 2009}} walifikiria kuwa mchezaji bora kiungo cha kati wa United tangu Duncan Edwards. Timu ya Atkinson iliweza kushuhudia usajili mpya wa wachezaji kama vile Jesper Olsen, Paul McGrath na Gordon Strachan ambao walicheza na wliokuwa wachezaji wa timu ya vijana wakiwemo Norman Whiteside na Mark Hughes. United ilishinda Kombe la FA mara mbili katika miaka mitatu, katika mwaka wa 1983 na 1985, walipigiwa upatu kushinda Ligi katika msimu wa 1985-86 kabla ya kushinda mechi zao kumi za kwanza ligini jambo lililopelekea kuwepo na tofauti ya pointi kumi kati yao na wapinzani wao mwanzoni mwa mwezi wa Oktoba. Hata hivyo, muundo wa timu uliporomoka na United ikamaliza msimu huo katika nafasi ya nne. Uhafifu wa timu uliendelea katika msimu uliofuata, na United ilikuwa ikichungulia kushushwa ngazi kuanzia mwanzo wa Novemba 1986, Atkinson alifutwa. === Enzi ya Alex Ferguson, kabla ya Treble [1986-1998] === [[Picha:Alex Ferguson.jpg|thumb|Alex Ferguson amekuwa meneja wa Manchester United tangu Novemba 1986.]] Alex Ferguson aliwasili kutoka Aberdeen kuchukua nafasi ya Atkinson siku hiyo hiyo aliyofutwa Atkinson, alikuja pamoja na meneja msaidizi wake, Archie Knox. Ingawa mechi yake ya kwanza uongozini, dhidi ya Oxford United tarehe 8 Novemba 1986 alishindwa 2-0, Ferguson aliiongoza klabu kumalizia nafasi ya 11 katika ligi. Kumaliza katika nafasi ya pili 1987-88, pamoja na Brian McClair kuwa mchezaji wa kwanza wa United tangu George Best na kufunga mabao ishirini katika msimu wa ligi, huenda kuliwafanya mashabiki kuwa na matumaini kidogo kwa siku za usoni lakini walirejelea haraka uhafifu kwa kumalizia nafasi ya 11 mwaka 1989. Wachezaji wengi waliosajiliwa na Ferguson hawakufikia matarajio ya mashabiki, na meneja iliripotiwa nusura aachishwe kazi mwanzoni mwa 1990, wengi waliamini kwamba kushindwa kwao na Nottingham Forest katika duru ya tatu ya Kombe la FA kungetia muhuri hatma yake. Bao la Marko Robins kunako dakika 56 liliiwezesha United kushinda mchuano huo na kuwaweka katika king'ang'anyiro kilichowapeleka hadi fainali iliyofanyika Wembley, ambapo waliitinga Crystal Palace 1-0 katika mchuano wa marudio baada ya sare ya 3-3 katika mechi ya awali. Mwaka uliofuata, United ilifika fainali ya League Cup na kupoteza kwa bao 1-0 kwa timu ya aliyekuwa meneja wao Ron Atkinson Sheffield Wednesday. Hata hivyo, msimu ulimalizika kwa ushindi wa kwanza wa Kombe la Washindi wa Vilabu (Cup Winners 'Cup), walipoiadhibu Barcelona 2-1 katika fainali ugani Rotterdam. Ushindi wa taji la Cup Winners uliiruhusu timu kucheza katika UEFA Super Cup mwaka 1991 ambapo waaliwashinda waliokuwa washindi wa Kombe la Ulaya Red Star Belgrade 1-0 uwanjani Old Trafford. Mechi hiyo ilipaswa kuchezwa kwa michuano miwili lakini kutokana na ukosefu wa utulivu wa kisiasa nchini Yugoslavia wakati huo, UEFA iliamua kwamba mchuano wa Old Trafford tu ndio utakaochezwa. Kushiriki kwa mara ya pili mfululizo katika fainali ya kombe la Ligi kulitokea mwaka 1992, United wakati huo iliifunga Nottingham Forest 1-0 ugani Wembley. Wakati huo huo, matukio yalikuwa yakiendelea nje ya uwanja mwishoni mwa mwongo, huku mwenyekiti Martin Edwards akijaribu kuiuza klabu kwa mkwasi Michael Knighton mwaka 1989. Uuzaji huo wa milioni £20 ulikuwa karibu kuthibitishwa huku Knighton akiingia Old Trafford akiwa na sare ya Manchester United na akifanya mbwembwe kadha kabla ya kuvurumisha mpira kuelekea langoni upande wa Stretford ugani humo. Knighton aliweza kuona rekodi za kifedha za klabu, lakini, kabla ya mkataba wa uuzaji kukamilishwa washauri wake wa kifedha walikataa na mpango huo ukafutiliwa. Hata hivyo, kwa kuwa Knighton alikuwa na ufahamu wa jinsi mambo yalivyokuwa yakiendeshwa klabuni, alipewa wadhifa katika bodi ya klabu kama njia ya kumfanya kubaki kimya kuhusu jambo hilo. Mwaka 1991, ikihitaji msaada zaidi wa kifedha kufuatia [[Ripoti ya Taylor]] klabu ilianza uuzaji katika [[Soko la Hisa la London]] kwa thamana iliyokisiwa kuwa paundi milioni 47, na kuleta katika macho ya umma hali yake ya kifedha. Martin Edwards alihifadhi wadhifa wake kama mwenyekiti, lakini sasa klabu ilikuwa ikimilikiwa na umma. Majira ya joto ya mwaka 1991 pia yalishuhudia kuwasili kwa mlindalango raiya wa Denmak Peter Schmeichel, ambaye kutofungwa kwake katika michuano 17 kuliipa United rekodi bora ya kujihami katika Divisheni ya kwanza msimu wa 1991-92na kuwasaidia kumaliza katika nafasi ya pili nyuma ya Leeds United, ndani ya safu hizo kulikuwa na sogora fulani Mfaransa aliyeitwa Eric Cantona. Alex Ferguson alitambua haja ya United ya kuwa na mshambulizi kama njia ya kumzuia Mark Hughes na Brian McClair na alijaribu - na kushindwa - mara kadhaa kumsajili mshambuliaji wa Sheffield Wednesday David Hirst, lakini wakati meneja wa Leeds Howard Wilkinson alipompigia Martin Edwards mwezi Novemba 1992 kuuliza kuhusu uwezekano wa kupatikana kwa Denis Irwin, mazungumzo hayo yaligeuka haraka na kumhusu Cantona. Kwa mshangao wa Edward na Ferguson, vilabu hivyo viwili viliweza kukubaliana kwa ada ya pauni milioni 1.2 ili kumpata Mfaransa huyo thabiti. Kuwasili kwa Cantona kuliipa United mwamko muhimu sana na kuisaidia timu hiyo kuweza kujishindia taji la kwanza la Ligi tangu mwaka wa 1967. Baada ya kusajiliwa kwa Roy Keane kutoka Nottngham Forest mnamo mwaka wa Julai 1993, United iliweza kushinda taji la pili mtawalia kwa mara ya kwanza tangu mwaka wa 1957 kwenye mwaka uliofuata, kabla ya kushinda kombe la FA ili kukamilisha "Ushindi pacha" wa kwanza katika historia ya Kilabu hiyo. Mwaka huo, hata hivyo, klabu kiliomboleza kufuatia kifo cha aliyekuwa meneja na mkurugenzi wa klabu Matt Busby, aliyekufa tarehe 20 Januari 1994. Msimu wa 1994-95 ulikuwa wa kwanza kwa klabu kumaliza bila kombe tangu 1988-89, ingawa walicheza vizuri hadi katika wiki ya mwisho wa msimu na kufikiwa fainali ya FA Cup, ambapo walipoteza kwa Everton. [[Andy Cole]] alisajiliwa kutoka Newcastle United kwa gharama iliyoweka rekodi Uingereza ya paundi milioni £6 pamoja na Keith Gillespie. Hata hivyo, baada mchuanio wa kwanza wa Cole akiwa United, Eric Cantona alipokea marufuku ya miezi nane kwa kuruka ndani ya eneo umati na kumuumiza Mathayo Simmons shabiki wa Crystal Palace, ambaye alikuwa amemdhihaki Cantona kutokana na rangi ya ngozi yake akiondoka uwanjani wakati wa mchuano wa United ugani Selhurst Park. Kusimamishwa kwa Cantona kulitolewa na baadhi kama sababu ya United kushindwa kukamilisha kwa mataji matatu "hat-trick" msimu huo. Kutofanikiwa kama ilivyotarajiwa msimu huo kulimsababisha Ferguson kufanya marekebisho makuu katika timu aliwauza Paul Ince, Andrei Kanchelskis na Mark Hughes na kujaza nafasi zaoo kwa wachezaji kutoka katika timu ya vijana wa klabu hiyo, akiwemo David Beckham, Gary Neville, Phil Neville na Paul Scholes. Baada ya kushindwa 3-1 na Aston Villa katika siku ya ufunguzi wa msimu 1995-96, mwanahabari wa televisheni maarufu Alan Hansen alitoa kauli maarufu kwa kusema "kamwe hamtashinda chochote mkiwa na watoto."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.onthisfootballday.com/2007_08_19/aug-19-%E2%80%93-%E2%80%9Cyou%E2%80%99ll-never-win-anything-with-kids%E2%80%9D.php |title=August 19 - “You’ll Never Win Anything With Kids” |accessdate=5 Januari 2009 |date=19 Agosti 2007 |publisher=On This Football Day }}</ref> Wachezaji kadhaa wapya, ambao baadhi yao kwa haraka walijumuishwa katika michuano ya kimataifa ya mara kwa mara na timu ya Uingereza, waliitikia vizuri na kutokana na motisha ya kurejea kwa Cantona Oktoba 1995, United ikawa klabu ya kwanza ya Uingereza kuwahi kushinda mataji mawili mara mbili, ufanisi uliokuja kujulikana kama "Double Double".<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/1996/05/12/sfgliv12.xml |title=Cantona crowns United's season of Double delight |work=Daily Telegraph |publisher=Telegraph Media Group |date=12 Mei 1996 |accessdate=11 Desemba 2006 |archivedate=2006-12-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231150213/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fsport%2F1996%2F05%2F12%2Fsfgliv12.xml }}</ref> Nahodha Steve Bruce aliondoka kuelekea Birmingham City mwezi Julai 1996, na Alex Ferguson akamtaja Eric Cantona kama nahodha mpya wa klabu. Aliiongoza timu kutwaa taji la nne la ligi kati ya miaka mitano katika 1996-97 kabla ya kustaafu kutoka kandanda akiwa na umri wa 30 ilipofika mwisho wa msimu huo. Teddy Sheringham aliletwa kuchukua nafasi yake, na shati yake tambulika nambari 7 ikakabidhiwa David Beckham. Walianza msimu wa 1997-98 vizuri, lakini wakapoteza michuano mitano baada ya Krismasi na kumaliza katika nafasi ya pili, pointi moja nyuma ya washindi mara mbili Arsenal. Baada ya kipindi bila mshindani wa kila mara kuwania taji ligi, hii ilikuwa dhibitisho ya kuwasili kwa Arsenal kama mshindani halisi ambao wangegombea katika miaka michache iliyofuata. === Ushindi mara tatu, Treble (1998–99) === [[Picha:PalmaresManU.jpg|thumb|Mataji ya Utatu - ya Ligi Kuu, Ligi ya Mabingwa na Kombe la FA (kushoto kuelekea kulia)]] Msimu wa 1998-99 kwa Manchester United ulikuwa na mafanikio sana katika historia ya vilabu vya kandanda nchini Uingereza kwani walikuwa timu ya pekee ya Uingereza iliyowahi kushinda mataji matatu - Ligi Kuu (Premier), kombe la FA na taji la mabingwa UEFA Champions Leaguae katika msimu huo.<ref name="BBC">{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/football/353842.stm |title=United crowned kings of Europe |publisher=BBC News |date=26 Mei 1999 |accessdate=11 Agosti 2008 }}</ref> Baada ya msimu wa wasiwasi wa Ligi ya Premier, Manchester United ilitwaa taji hilo kwenye siku ya mwisho ya fainali kwa kuwashinda Tottenham Hotspur mabao 2-1, huku Arsenal ikiishinda Aston Villa bao 1-0.<ref name="SI">{{Cite web |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/world/news/1999/05/16/british_roundup/ |title=Man United stands alone |publisher=Sports Illustrated |date=16 Mei 1999 |accessdate=11 Agosti 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106060543/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/world/news/1999/05/16/british_roundup/ |archivedate=2008-01-06 }}</ref> Kutwaa taji la Ligi ya Premier kulikuwa sehemu ya kwanza ya ushindi mara tatu (treble), sehemu moja ambayo meneja Alex Ferguson aliieleza kuwa ngumu zaidi.<ref name="SI"/> Katika Fainali ya kombe la FA United ilikabiliana na Newcastle United na kushinda 2-0 kwa mabao kutoka kwa Teddy Sheringham na Paul Scholes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/world/news/1999/05/22/fa_cup/ |title=Two down, one to go |publisher=Sports Illustrated |date=22 Mei 1999 |accessdate=11 Agosti 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006075501/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/world/news/1999/05/22/fa_cup/ |archivedate=2008-10-06 }}</ref> Katika mechi ya mwisho ya msimu wa 1999 walicheza UEFA Chapions League Final na kuishinda timu ya Bayern Munich katika kile kinafikiriwa kuwa mwamko mkuu sana kuwahi kushuhudiwa, mchuano ulikuwa umeingia muda wa ziada wakiwa wameshindwa kwa bao moja kabla ya kutoka nyuma na kufunga mara mbili na hivyo kushinda 2-1.<ref name="BBC"/> Ferguson baadaye alipongezwa kwa huduma zake katika kandanda na kutunukiwa heshima ya taifa inayompa ruhusa kuitwa "sir".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2004/03/08/stud_ed3_.php |title=Ferguson and Magnier: a truce in the internal warfare at United |publisher=International Herald Tribune |date=8 Machi 2004 |accessdate=11 Agosti 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061128184355/http://www.iht.com/articles/2004/03/08/stud_ed3_.php |archivedate=2006-11-28 }}</ref> Kuhitimisha mwaka huo wa kuvunja rekodi, Manchester United ilishinda kombe la Intercontinental baada ya kuinyuka Palmeiras bao 1-0 mjini Tokyo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~sports/arch/soa99.html |title=Other News in Soccer in 1999 |publisher=Sports Info Japan |accessdate=11 Agosti 2008 }}</ref> === Baada ya kipindi cha ushindi Mara Tatu (1999-hadi sasa) === United ilishinda ligi mwaka 2000 na 2001, lakini vyombo vya habari vikaona kana kwamba klabu kimeshindwa msimu huo kwa sababu kilishindwa kutwaa tena taji la Ulaya.{{Citation needed|date=Oktoba 2009}} Mwaka 2000, Manchester United ilikuwa mojawapo ya timu 14 waanzilishi wa G-14, kundi la vilabu vya soka mashuhuri Ulaya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.g14.com/G14members/index.asp |title=G-14's members |publisher=G14.com |accessdate=12 Septemba 2006 |archivedate=2006-09-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902181900/http://www.g14.com/G14members/index.asp }}</ref> Klabu hicho pia kilikataa kushiriki kombe la FA 1999-2000 na badala yake kushiriki katika mashindano ya uzinduzi wa taji la FIFA la Klabu Bingwa Duniani Brazil, kilitaja shinikizo kutoka kwa FA, UEFA na kamati ya Uingereza iliyokuwa ikishughulikia kombe la dunia la 2006. Ferguson aliweka mikakati ya kujihami ili kufanya iwe vigumu kwa United kushindwa Ulaya, lakini mikakati hiyo haikuwa na mafanikio kwani United ilikamilisha msimu wa Ligi Kuu ya 2001-02 katika nafasi ya tatu. Walitwaa tena ligi msimu uliofuata (2002-03) na kuanza msimu uliofuata vizuri, lakini hali yao ilishuka kwa kiasi kikubwa baada ya Rio Ferdinand kupokezwa marufuku tata ya miezi minane kwa kutohudhuria upimaji wa madawa ya kulevya. Walishinda kombe la FA 2004, hata hivyo, waliibandua nje Arsenal (hatimaye Arsenal ilishinda taji la Ligi Kuu msimu huo) wakiwa njiani kuelekea fainali ambako waliishinda Millwall. Msimu wa 2004-2005 ulijawa na hali ya kutofunga mabao, hasa kutokana na jeraha la mshambulizi Ruud van Nistelrooy na United ikamaliza msimu huo bila taji lolote na katika nafasi ya tatu. Wakati huu, hata kombe la FA liliwaponyoka kwani Arsenal iliishinda United kwa mikwaju ya penalti baada ya kutoka sare baada ya kucheza kwa dakika 120. Nje ya uwanja, hadithi kuu ilikuwa uwezekano wa klabu kuchukuliwa, tarehe 12 Mei 2005 na mfanyibiashara wa Kimarekani Malcom Glazer ambaye aliweza kupata udhibiti wa klabu hiyo kupitia uwekezaji kutumia kampuni yake ya Red Football Ltd. katika ununuzi uliothaminiwa kufikia kima cha takribani milioni £800 (wakati huo ikikisiwa kuwa sawa na dola bilioni 1.5).<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4550141.stm |title=Glazer Man Utd stake exceeds 75% |publisher=BBC News |date=16 Mei 2005 |accessdate=11 Agosti 2007 }}</ref><ref name="CBS">{{Cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/columns/newsmakers/malcolm_glazer.html |title=Manchester United's new owner |publisher=CBS Sports Online |date=22 Juni 2005 |accessdate=11 Agosti 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050910141125/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/columns/newsmakers/malcolm_glazer.html |archivedate=2005-09-10 }}</ref> Tarehe 16 Mei, aliziongeza hisa zake hadi 75% zinazohitajika kukiondoa klabu hicho kutoka Soko la Hisa na kukifanya kuwa binafsi tena, alitangaza nia yake kufanya hivyo katuka muda wa siku 20.<ref name="CBS"/> Tarehe 8 Juni, aliwateua wanawe katika bodi ya Manchester United kama wakurugenzi wasio watendaji.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2005/06/08/1387352.htm |title=Glazer's sons join Man U board |publisher=ABC News |date=8 Juni 2005 |accessdate=2008-08-11 }}</ref> United ilianza vibaya msimu wa 2005-06, huku kiungo wa kati Roy Keane akiondoka kujiunga na Celtic baada ya kuwakosoa hadharani wachezaji wenzake kadhaa. Klabu pia ilikuwa imeshindwa kuhitimu kufuzu kwa awamu ya mwondoaano wa UEFA Champions League kwa zaidi ya mwongo mmoja, baada ya kupoteza kwa Benfica. Msimu huu pia walikumbwa na mikosi kadhaa ya majeraha kwa wachezaji wakuu kama vile Gabriel Heinze, Alan Smith, Ryan Giggs na Paul Scholes. Hata hivyo, walizuiliwa kuachwa mikono mitupu katika misimu mifululizo- masikitiko ambayo yalikuwa hayajashuhudiwa kwa miaka 17 iliyopita-kwa kushinda kombe la Ligi ya 2006, baada ya kuwalaza majirani zao waliopandishwa cheo Wigan Athletic katika fainali kwa mabao 4-0. United pia ilijihakikishia nafasi ya pili na kufuzu moja kwa moja kushiriki michuano ya Ligi ya Mabingwa (Champions League) siku ya mwisho ya msimu kwa kuishinda Charlton Athletic 4-0. Mwishoni mwa msimu wa 2005-06, mmoja wa washambuliaji wa United, Ruud van Nistelrooy, alikihama klabu na kujiunga na Real Madrid, kutokana na ugomvi baina yake na Alex Ferguson.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/5322562.stm |title=Ruud accuses Ferguson of betrayal |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=7 Septemba 2006 |accessdate=11 Desemba 2006 }}</ref> Mnamo Julai 2006, klabu kilitangaza mpango wa ufadhili mpya. Kiasi cha jumla kitakuwa £ milioni 660, ambayo italipiwa riba ya £ milioni 62 kwa mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.footballeconomy.com/archive/archive_2006_jul_08.htm |title=Glazers Tighten Grip On United With Debt Refinancing |publisher=The Political Economy of Football |date=8 Julai 2006 |accessdate=11 Agosti 2008 |archivedate=2011-08-19 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/612fbw7oM?url=http://www.footballeconomy.com/archive/archive_2006_jul_08.htm }}</ref> Matokeo ya mpango huu mpya wa ufadhili utakuwa punguzo la asilimia 30 ya malipo ya kila mwaka.<ref name="RTE">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2006/0718/manunited2.html |title=Manchester United reveal refinancing plans |publisher=RTÉ Sport |date=18 Julai 2006 |accessdate=11 Agosti 2008 |archivedate=2012-05-08 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67W7eY8sG?url=http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/english/2006/0718/206981-manunited2/ }}</ref> Uwanjani, msimu wa 2006-07 ulishuhudia United ikirejea na mtindo wao wa kandanda ya kushambulia ambao ndio ulikuwa msingi wa miaka yao ya ufanisi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990, wakifunga takriban mabao 20 zaidi ya Chelsea waliokuwa katika nafasi ya pili baada ya michuano 32. Januari 2007, United ilimsajili Henrik Larsson kwa mkopo wa miezi miwili kutoka Helsingborg ya Uswidi, mshambuliaji alitekeleza jukumu muhimu sana katika kuisaidia United kuingia nusu fainali ya Ligi ya Mabingwa,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Seven wonders of sublime United dazzle and destroy helpless Roma |publisher= The Guardian |url=http://football.guardian.co.uk/Match_Report/0,,2054231,00.html |date=11 Aprili 2007 |date=4 Januari 2009 }}</ref> huku ikiwa na matumaini ya kushinda mataji matatu kwa mara ya pili, hata hivyo, baada ya kufikia nusu fainali, United iliaibishwa na Milan kwa jumla ya mabao 3-5.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/6603095.stm |title=AC Milan 3-0 Man Utd (Agg: 5-3) |accessdate=28 Mei 2007 |author=Caroline Cheese |date=2 Mei 2007 |publisher=BBC Sport }}</ref> Miaka minne baada taji lao la mwisho, United ilishinda taji la Premier League tarehe 6 Mei 2007 baada ya Chelsea kutoka sare na Arsenal jambo lililoiacha The Blues pointi saba nyuma ikiwa imesaza michuano miwili ili kumaliza, kufuatia ushindi wa United wa 1-0 katika mchuano wa timu kutoka mji wa Manchester "Derby" siku iliyopita na kuifanya kombe lao la 9 la Ligi ya Premier katika misimu 15 ya uwepo wa ligi hiyo. Hata hivyo, ushindi pacha "Double" wa mara ya nne ambao haukutarajiwa haukutokea baada ya Chelsea kuifunga United 1-0 katika muda wa ziada katika kombe la kwanza la FA kufanyika katika uwanja mpya wa Wembley; wa kwanza kufanyika nchini Uingereza tangu uwanja wa zamani kubomolewe miaka saba iliyopita. Kipindi cha kati ya 2007-08 kilishuhudia United ikimaliza kwa kushinda mataji mawili ya Ulaya licha ya kuanza vibaya msimu huo walipojipata katika nafasi 17 katika Ligi Kuu baada ya kushiriki katika mechi tatu. Hata hivyo, tarehe 11 Mei 2008, United ilihifadhi taji la Ligi ya Premier kufuatia ushindi dhidi ya Wigan Athletic. Huku washindani wao katika taji hilo Chelsea wakiweza tu kutoka sare na Bolton Wanderers, United iliweza kumaliza msimu kwa alama mbili mbele. Klabu pia ilifika fainali ya Kombe la Ulaya kwa mara ya tatu katika historia yake, baada ya kuvishinda vilabu kama Barcelona na Roma ili kufuzu kwa fainali. Waliifunga Chelsea katika mikwaju ya penalti 6-5 katika fainali ugani Luzhniki Moscow baada ya kutoka sare ya 1-1 katika muda wa kawaida tarehe 21 Mei 2008. Kupitia ushindi huu , walijipatia taji lao la tatu la Ulaya na kuweka rekodi yao kutowahi kupoteza fainali kubwa ya Ulaya. Kisadfa, msimu huu ulikuwa wa miaka 100 tangu Manchester United iliposhinda taji lao la kwanza la Ligi, ilikuwa miaka 50 baada ya ajali ya ndege ya Munich na miaka 40 baada ya Manchester United kuwa timu ya kwanza ya Uingereza kushinda taji la Ulaya. Fainali ya Kombe la Ulaya ilishuhudia pia Ryan Giggs akiichezea klabu hiyo kwa mara ya 759, na kumpita Bobby Charlton aliyekuwa akishikilia rekodi ya kuichezea mara nyingi zaidi klabu hicho. Kabla ya kuanza kwa msimu wa 2008-09, United walishiriki na kushinda tuzo ya ngao yaFA Community Shield ya 2008. United walifunga Portsmouth katika mikwaju ya penalti 3-1, washindi wa Kikombe cha FA cha 2007-08, baada ya mechi kukamilika kwa sare tasa ya 0-0 ndani ya dakika 90. Mnamo tarehe 21 Desemba 2008, United waliongezea nishani zaidi kwenye hazina yao ya tuzo kwa kushinda katika fainali ya Kombe la Ulimwengu la Vilabu vya FIFA kwa kuishinda LDU Quito kutoka Ecuador kwa bao 1-0 kule Japan, Wayne Rooney ndiye aliyefunga bao la ushindi. Miezi miwili baadaye, waliliongezea kombe la Ligi ya 2009 katika hazina yao ya tuzo kwa kuishinda Tottenham Hotspur mabao 4-1 kwenye mikwaju ya penalti.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Man Utd 0-0 Tottenham (aet) |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/league_cup/7905889.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=1 Machi 2009 |accessdate=1 Machi 2009 }}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 16 Mei, United waliweza kuwahi taji la 11 katika Ligi ya Primia - na taji la ujumla la 18 katika Ligi – baada ya kuenda sare tasa ya 0-0 nyumbani kwao wakicheza na Arsenal huku wakishinda mataji matatu mtawalia ya Ligi ya Premier kwa mara ya pili.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Man Utd 0-0 Arsenal |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/8038259.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=16 Mei 2009 |accessdate=16 Mei 2009 }}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 27 Mei 2009, Barcelona waliweza kuishinda Manchester United mabao 2-0 katika fainali ya Ligi Mabingwa kule Rome, yaliyofungwa na Samuel Eto'o na Lionel Messi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bell |first=Jack |url=http://goal.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/27/running-commentary-champions-league-final/?hp |title=Champions League Final: Barcelona 2, Manchester United 0 - Goal Blog - NYTimes.com |publisher=Goal.blogs.nytimes.com |date=27 Mei 2009 |accessdate=27 Mei 2009 }}</ref> Fainali ya Ligi ya Mabingwa ilitokea kuwa mechi ya mwisho kwa Carlos Tévez – ambaye mkataba wake ulikamilika mnamo tarehe 30 Juni – na Christiano Ronaldo – aliyeuzwa kwa Real Madrid kwa gharama ya milioni £80, kuvunja rekodi ya dunia ya kuhamisha na kusajiliwa kwa Kaka na Real Madrid kutoka Milan kwa gharama ya milioni £56. Hata hivyo, United waliitikia hasara hizo kwa kumhamisha na kumsajili Michael Owen bila gharama yoyote, Antonio Valencia kwa milioni £17 na Gabriel Obertan kwa gharama ya milioni £3. Msimu wa 2009-10 ulianza vizuri kwa timu ya Manchester United, licha ya kushindwa 1-0 na timu ya Burnley kule Turf Moor iliyokuwa pigo kubwa kwao. Wingi wa ushindi ukafuata hatimaye, pamoja na ushindi wa kusisimua dhidi ya Manchester City kwa mabao 4-3, uliopatikana mnamo dakika ya 96 kutokana na bao lake Michael Owen. Hata hivyo, mchezo isioridhisha uliwafanya kushindwa mabao 2-0 na Liverpool uwanjani Antfield. Kufikia 1 Novemba, Manchester United ni ya pili katika ligi, alama 2 nyuma ya [[Chelsea.]] Katika Ligi ya Mabingwa, United kwa sasa ndio washindi wa kwanza kwenye kundi lao, pamoja na ushindi dhidi ya Beşiktaş na CSKA Moscow na ushindi dhidi ya Wolfsburg huko nyumbani kwao. Mnamo tarehe 3 Novemba, Manchester United waliweza kuhifadhi na kuhitimu kutoka katika kikundi kwa kupata mabao sare 3-3 dhidi ya CKSA Moscow. ==Nembo na rangi za klabu== Katika enzi zake kama Newton Heath, klabu kilitumia mavazi ya rangi tofauti, inayotambuliwa zaidi ni shati la rangi ya manjano na kijani lililovaliwa kuanzia 1878 hadi 1892, na tena 1894-1896; vazi hili la milia lilitumika tena katika michuano ya ugenini mapema miaka ya 1990. Mavazi mengine yaliyovaliwa na Newton Heath ni pamoja na shati jekundu lililokuwa na weupe robo yake (1892-1894) na shati jeupe lisilo kuwa na milia (1896-1902), zote hizi zilivaliwa na kaptura ya rangi ya samawati.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Manchester_United/Manchester_United.htm |title=Manchester United Historical Kits |accessdate=11 Agosti 2008 |publisher=historicalkits.co.uk }}</ref> Katika mwaka wa 1902, pamoja na klabu kubadili jina na kuwa Manchester United, klabu pia kilibadili rangi zake kuwa jezi nyekundu, kaptura nyeupe na soksi nyeusi, ambayo imesalia kuwa sare wastani ya Man Utd katika michuano ya nyumbani tangu wakati huo. Kilicho tofauti na haya ni jezi ambazo timu ilivaa ikicheza fainali ya kombe la [[FA 1909]] na [[Briston]] City ambayo ilikuwa nyeupe na mshipi mwekundu wa muundo wa “V”.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/English_Football_League/FA_Cup_Finals/1900-1909.html |title=English FA Cup Finalists 1900 - 1909 |accessdate=11 Agosti 2008 |publisher=historicalkits.co.uk |archivedate=2008-09-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925084712/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/English_Football_League/FA_Cup_Finals/1900-1909.html }}</ref> Mtindo huu ulifufuliwa katika miaka ya 1920 kabla United kurudia mashati yenye rangi nyekundu pekee, pia ilitumika kwa ajili ya michuano ya nyumbani na ugenini katika [[msimu wa 2009-10]] kama njia ya kusherehekea miaka 100 katika [[Old Trafford]].<ref name="home kit">{{Cite news |first=Gemma |last=Thompson |title=Gallery: New home kit |url=http://www.manutd.com/default.sps?pagegid={48C41513-A376-4D1F-981D-660FC5BB193E}&newsid=6635120 |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=26 Juni 2009 |accessdate=26 Juni 2009 }}</ref><ref name="away_kit">{{Cite news |first=Gemma |last=Thompson |title=Black and blue suits Reds |url=http://www.manutd.com/default.sps?pagegid={48C41513-A376-4D1F-981D-660FC5BB193E}&newsid=6636908 |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=29 Julai 2009 |accessdate=29 Julai 2009 }}</ref> Jezi za kuchezea ugenini kawaida huwa nyeupe na kaptura nyeusi na soksi nyeupe, lakini rangi nyingine zimetumika, ikiwa ni pamoja na shati iliyokuwa na milia ya samawati na nyeupe iliyotumika kati ya 1903-1916, sare nyeusi kila kitu kilichotumika mwaka 1994, 2003 na 2007 na shati la blue iliyokuwa na mistari myembamba mwaka 2000. Mojawapo ya sare iliyokuwa maarufu kwa wengi, japo haikudumu, ni sare ya United iliyokuwa ya michuano ya ugenini ya rangi ya kijivu pekee iliyotumika kati ya 1995-96, iliacha kutumiwa baada ya timu kushindwa mchezo mmoja wakati walikuwa wameivaa. Katika muda wa mapumziko wakicheza dhidi ya Southampton, wakati united ilikuwa imetingwa 3-0, walibadilisha mavazi na kuvaa sare ya samawati na nyeupe lakini bado wakashindwa 3-1. Kulingana na wachezaji, mavazi ya kijivu hayakuwa yakionekana vyema jambo lililosababisha matokeo duni.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/tennis/features/newsid_2223000/2223651.stm |title=Grey day for Manchester United |accessdate=28 Mei 2007 |publisher=BBC.co.uk }}</ref> Sare nyingine maarufu ya kucheza ugenini ya Man Utd ilikuwa uweza wa kuvalika pande zote, ilikuwa na milia ya nyeupe na mikono mieusi na mstari wa kidhahabu upande mmoja na milia ya kidhahabu na mstari mweusi upande mwingine. Shati hii ilitolewa kama sare ya mwisho iliyoshonwa na [[Umbro]] kwa klabu kabla ya kuanza kuhudumiwa na [[Nike]], na iliadhimisha miaka 100 tangu klabu kilipobadili jina lake kutoka Newton Heath kuwa Manchester United. Sare ya tatu ambayo huvaliwa katika michuano ya nyumbani ni samawati tangu shati hadi sokisi kwa heshima ya sare iliyovaliwa 1968 timu iliposhinda Kombe la Ulaya, ukumbusho wa moja kwa moja ulifanywa na klabu 2008-09 kukumbuka miaka 40 ya jezi la tatu la 1968. Kinyume na desturi hii ni kuwa ni pamoja na sare ya rangi ya manjano iliyovaliwa katika miaka ya 1970, sare iliyotajwa hapo awali ya mistari ya samawati na nyeupe kuanzia 1996, ambayo ilionekana kuwapendeza sana mashabiki, na shati jeupe iliyokuwa na mikato ya mlazo wa rangi nyeusi na nyekundu kuanzia 2004. United pia imetumia shati zilizo wahi kutumika kama ya mazoezi kuwa sare zao za tatu, iliwahi kutumia sare nyeusi toka juu hadi chini katika msimu 1998-99 na shati samawati iliyokuwa na rangi ya damu ya mzee ubavuni mwaka 2001 kwa michuano dhidi ya Southampton na PSV Eindhoven. Hivi sasa, jezi ya nyumbani ya Manchester United ni nyekundu na iliyo na tepe nyeusi isiyokolea kifuani. Nembo ya klabu huwa juu ya ngao nyeusi yenye ukubwa sawa upande wa kushoto wa V, ilihali alama ya Nike ni nyeupe na huwa upande wa kulia; nembo ya AIG pia ni nyeupe. Katika kukumbuka miaka 100 tangu kufunguliwa kwa uwanja wa klabu hicho cha Old Trafford kuna kitambulisho kinachosoma “Uwanja wa ndoto tangu 1910” (The Theatre of Dreams Since 1910) kilichoshikishwa upande wa mshono. Shati la nyumbani huvaliwa na kaptura nyeupe iliyo na mistari myekundu inayoteremka pande zote mbili za miguu, na soksi nyeusi iliyo na mkato mwekundu.<ref name="home kit"/> Hivi karibuni sare ya kucheza ugenini imekaribiana katika muundo na sare ya nyumbani, lakini shati ni jeusi lililo na utepe wa samawati kifuani na nembo ya klabu huwa juu ya ngao ya samawati. Sawa na sare ya nyumbani, nembo ya wadhamini iko katikati na kwa rangi nyeupe. Kaptura pia ni nyeusi na milia ya samawati ikielekea chini, huku soksi nazo zikiwa nyeusi na tepe ya samawati.<ref name="away_kit"/> Sare ya ugenini ya klabu ya msimu wa 2008-09, inayojumuisha shati jeupe lililo na mstari wa samawati kwenda chini ubavuni na ukosi wa samawati ilio na mkato mwekundu, unaotumiwa kama sare ya tatu ya msimu wa 2009-10. Ikivaliwa pamoja na kaptura za samawati na soksi nyeupe, jezi la tatu lina nembo za wafadhili kwa rangi ya samawati pamoja na herufi "MUFC" nyuma ya ukosi.Beji ya klabu inakalia nguo nyeupe kushoto mwa kifua.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Gemma |last=Thompson |title=Free trophy pic with new kit |url=http://www.manutd.com/default.sps?pagegid={48C41513-A376-4D1F-981D-660FC5BB193E}&newsid=6614065 |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=18 Julai 2008 |accessdate=26 Juni 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Third Kit 2009/10 |url=http://store.manutd.com/stores/manutd/products/kit_selector.aspx?selector=268 |work=United Direct |publisher=Manchester United |accessdate=7 Agosti 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805070424/http://store.manutd.com/stores/manutd/products/kit_selector.aspx?selector=268 |archivedate=2009-08-05 }}</ref> Nembo ya Manchester United imebadilishwa mara chache, lakini umbo la kimsingi limebakia sawa. Beji hiyo imechukuliwa kutoka kwa nembo ya jiji la Manchester. Picha ya Shetani kwenye beji ya klabu ilitokana na lakabu ya klabu “Red Devils” (Shetani Wekundu); lililoanza kutumika mapema miaka ya 1960 baada ya Matt Busby kusikia likirejelea timu ya raga ya Salford kutokana na jezi zao nyekundu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.manutdzone.com/atoz/r.html#reddevils |title=A to Z of Manchester United&nbsp;— R |accessdate=3 Agosti 2007 |publisher=ManUtdZone.com |quote=In the early 1960's Salford Rugby club toured France wearing red shirts and became known as "The Red Devils". Manager Matt Busby liked the sound of it, thinking that a nasty devil is more intimidating to opponents than angelic babes. |archivedate=2007-06-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622224422/http://www.manutdzone.com/atoz/r.html#reddevils }}</ref> Kufikia mwisho wa miaka ya 1960 nembo hiyo ya shetani ilianza kujumuishwa katika utaratibu na shali za klabu kabla ya kujumuishwa kwenye beji ya klabu mnamo 1970 ikishikilia mkuki wenye ncha tatu. Katika mwaka wa 1998, beji iliundwa upya tena, wakati huu maneno "Footbal Club" yakiondolewa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prideofmanchester.com/sport/mufc-kits.htm |title=Manchester United kits |accessdate=28 Mei 2007 |publisher=prideofmanchester.com }}</ref> ==Wachezaji== === Kikosi cha timu ya kwanza === Kama ilivyokuwa 29 Oktoba 2009,kulingana na vyanzo mseto katika tovuti rasmi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Team |url=http://www.manutd.com/default.sps?pagegid={91EA3BE2-963A-4BAB-802C-F46A0EF3FCA3}&page=1 |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |accessdate=22 Septemba 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Reds register European squad |url=http://www.manutd.com/default.sps?pagegid={F9E570E6-407E-44BC-800F-4A3110258114}&newsid=6638851 |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=2 Septemba 2009 |accessdate=3 Septemba 2009 }}</ref> {{Fs start}} {{Fs player |no=1 |nat=NED |pos=GK |name=[[Edwin van der Sar]] }} {{Fs player |no=2 |nat=ENG |pos=DF |name=[[Gary Neville]] |other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]] }} {{Fs player |no=3 |nat=FRA |pos=DF |name=[[Patrice Evra]] }} {{Fs player |no=4 |nat=ENG |pos=MF |name=[[Owen Hargreaves]] }} {{Fs player |no=5 |nat=ENG |pos=DF |name=[[Rio Ferdinand]] }} {{Fs player |no=6 |nat=ENG |pos=DF |name=[[Wes Brown]] }} {{Fs player |no=7 |nat=ENG |pos=FW |name=[[Michael Owen]] }} {{Fs player |no=8 |nat=BRA |pos=MF |name=[[Anderson Luís de Abreu Oliveira|Anderson]] }} {{Fs player |no=9 |nat=BUL |pos=FW |name=[[Dimitar Berbatov]] }} {{Fs player |no=10 |nat=ENG |pos=FW |name=[[Wayne Rooney]] }} {{Fs player |no=11 |nat=WAL |pos=MF |name=[[Ryan Giggs]] |other=[[Captain (association football)#Vice-captain|vice-captain]] }} {{Fs player |no=12 |nat=ENG |pos=GK |name=[[Ben Foster (footballer)|Ben Foster]] }} {{Fs player |no=13 |nat=KOR |pos=MF |name=[[Park Ji-Sung]] }} {{Fs player |no=14 |nat=SER |pos=MF |name=[[Zoran Tošić]] }} {{Fs player |no=15 |nat=SER |pos=DF |name=[[Nemanja Vidić]] }} {{Fs player |no=16 |nat=ENG |pos=MF |name=[[Michael Carrick]] }} {{Fs player |no=17 |nat=POR |pos=MF |name=[[Nani (footballer)|Nani]] }} {{Fs player |no=18 |nat=ENG |pos=MF |name=[[Paul Scholes]] }} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player |no=19 |nat=ENG |pos=FW |name=[[Danny Welbeck]] }} {{Fs player |no=20 |nat=BRA |pos=DF |name=[[Fábio Pereira da Silva|Fábio]] }} {{Fs player |no=21 |nat=BRA |pos=DF |name=[[Rafael Pereira da Silva (footballer born 1990)|Rafael]] }} {{Fs player |no=22 |nat=IRL |pos=DF |name=[[John O'Shea]] }} {{Fs player |no=23 |nat=NIR |pos=DF |name=[[Jonny Evans]] }} {{Fs player |no=24 |nat=SCO |pos=MF |name=[[Darren Fletcher]] }} {{Fs player |no=25 |nat=ECU |pos=MF |name=[[Antonio Valencia]] }} {{Fs player |no=26 |nat=FRA |pos=FW |name=[[Gabriel Obertan]] }} {{Fs player |no=27 |nat=ITA |pos=FW |name=[[Federico Macheda]] }} {{Fs player |no=28 |nat=IRL |pos=MF |name=[[Darron Gibson]] }} {{Fs player |no=29 |nat=POL |pos=GK |name=[[Tomasz Kuszczak]] }} {{Fs player |no=30 |nat=BEL |pos=DF |name=[[Ritchie De Laet]] }} {{Fs player |no=31 |nat=NIR |pos=MF |name=[[Corry Evans]] }} {{Fs player |no=38 |nat=GER |pos=GK |name=[[Ron-Robert Zieler]] }} {{Fs player |no=41 |nat=NOR |pos=FW |name=[[Joshua King (footballer)|Joshua King]]}} {{Fs player |no=42 |nat=NOR |pos=MF |name=Magnus Wolff Eikrem }} {{Fs player |no=43 |nat=ENG |pos=MF |name=Matthew James}} {{Fs end}} ==== Wa mkopo ==== {{Fs start}} {{Fs player |no=35 |nat=ENG |pos=MF |name=[[Tom Cleverley]] |other=at [[Watford F.C.|Watford]] until 3 Januari 2010 }}<ref>{{Cite news |first=Nick |last=Coppack |title=Young Reds on loan |url=http://www.manutd.com/default.sps?pagegid={B4CEE8FA-9A47-47BC-B069-3F7A2F35DB70}&newsid=6637957 |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=18 Agosti 2009 |accessdate=18 Agosti 2009 }}</ref> {{Fs player |no=36 |nat=SCO |pos=MF |name=[[David Gray (footballer born 1988)|David Gray]] |other=at [[Plymouth Argyle F.C.|Plymouth Argyle]] until 18 Desemba 2009 }}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Graychester |url=http://www.pafc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10364~1801046,00.html |work=pafc.co.uk |publisher=Plymouth Argyle FC |date=18 Septemba 2009 |accessdate=18 Septemba 2009 |archivedate=2009-09-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922182730/http://www.pafc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10364~1801046%2C00.html }}</ref> {{Fs player |no=37 |nat=NIR |pos=DF |name=[[Craig Cathcart]] |other=at [[Watford F.C.|Watford]] until 4 Januari 2010 }}<ref>{{Cite news |first=Steve |last=Bartram |title=Cathcart joins Hornets |url=http://www.manutd.com/default.sps?pagegid={F9E570E6-407E-44BC-800F-4A3110258114}&newsid=6639725 |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=15 Septemba 2009 |accessdate=15 Septemba 2009 }}</ref> {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player |no=40 |nat=ENG |pos=GK |name=[[Ben Amos]] |other=at [[Peterborough United F.C.|Peterborough United]] until 29 Novemba 2009 }}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Posh sign Man Utd keeper on loan |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/p/peterborough_united/8331810.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=29 Oktoba 2009 |accessdate=29 Oktoba 2009 }}</ref> {{Fs player |no=— |nat=SEN |pos=FW |name=[[Mame Biram Diouf]] |other=at [[Molde FK|Molde]] until 31 Desemba 2009 }}<ref>{{Cite news |first=Adam |last=Bostock |title=United agree terms for striker |url=http://www.manutd.com/default.sps?pagegid={F9E570E6-407E-44BC-800F-4A3110258114}&newsid=6636392 |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=17 Julai 2009 |accessdate=17 Julai 2009 }}</ref> {{Fs end}} === Wa ziada na walio chuoni === ''Kwa kikosi cha wachezaji wa ziada na walio chuoni, tazama Manchester United F.C. Reserves and Academy.'' === Waliokuwa wachezaji hapo awali === ''Kwa maelezo juu ya wachezaji wa zamani, tazama [[Orodha ya wachezaji wa klabu ya Soka ya Manchester United]] na [[:Category:Manchester United F.C. players]]'' === Manahodha wa klabu === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tarehe <ref>{{Cite book |last=Crick |first=Michael |title=Manchester United: The Complete Fact Book |origyear=1996 |edition=2nd |year=1999 |publisher=Profile Books |location=London |isbn=1-86197-206-7 |pages=46–47 }}</ref> ! Jina ! Maelezo |- | 1878-1882 | Haijulikani |- | 1882 | {{Flag icon}} E. Thomas | Nahodha wa kwanza wa klabu anayejulikana |- | 1882-1883 | Haijulikani |- | c.1883-1887 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} Sam Black |- | c.1887-1890 | {{Flag icon|WAL}} [[Jack Powell]] |- | 1890-1892 | Haijulikani |- | 1892-1893 | {{Flag icon|SCO}} [[Joe Cassidy]] |- | 1893-1894 | Haijulikani |- | c.1894 | {{Flag icon|SCO}} [[James McNaught]] |- | 1894-1896 | Haijulikani |- | c.1896-1903 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Harry Stafford]] | Nahodha wa kwanza wa Manchester United |- | 1903-1904 | Haijulikani |- | c.1904-1905 | {{Flag icon|SCO}} [[Jack Peddie]] |- | c.1905-1912 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Charlie Roberts]] |- | 1912-1913 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[George Stacey]] |- | 1913 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Dick Duckworth]] |- | 1914 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[George Hunter]] |- | 1914-1915 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Patrick O'Connell]] |- | 1915-1919 | Hamna | Hakuna kandanda iliyochezwa wakati wa [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia]] |- | 1919-1922 | Haijulikani |- | c.1922-1928 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Frank Barson]] |- | c.1928-1931 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Jack Wilson]] |- | 1931-1932 | {{Flag icon|SCO}} [[George McLachlan]] |- | 1932 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Louis Page]] |- | 1932-1935 | Haijulikani |- | c.1935-1939 | {{Flag icon|SCO}} [[Jimmy Brown]] |- | 1939-1945 | Hamna | Hakuna kandanda iliyochezwa wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]] |- | 1945-1953 | {{Flag icon|IRL}} [[Johnny Carey]] | Nahodha wa Kwanza wa baada ya Vita, na wa kwanza kutoka nje ya Uingereza |- | 1953-1954 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Stan Pearson]] |- | 1954-1955 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Allenby Chilton]] |- | 1955-1958 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Roger Byrne]] | Alikufa mwaka wa 1958 katika [[ajali ya ndege ya Munich]] |- | 1958-1959 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Bill Foulkes]] |- | 1959-1960 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Dennis Viollet]] |- | 1960-1962 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Maurice Setters]] |- | 1962-1964 | {{Flag icon|IRL}} [[Noel Cantwell]] |- | 1964-1967 | {{Flag icon|SCO}} [[Denis Law]] |- | 1967-1973 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Bobby Charlton]] |- | 1973 | {{Flag icon|SCO}} [[George Graham]] |- | 1973-1975 | {{Flag icon|SCO}} [[Willie Morgan]] |- | 1975-1982 | {{Flag icon|SCO}} [[Martin Buchan]] |- | 1982 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Ray Wilkins]] |- | 1982-1994 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Bryan Robson]] | Nahodha aliyehudumu kwa muda mrefu zaidi katika historia ya United |- | 1994-1996 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Steve Bruce]] |- | 1996-1997 | {{Flag icon|FRA}} [[Eric Cantona]] | Nahodha wa kwanza wa United kutoka nje ya Uingereza na pia [[Jamhuri ya Ireland]] |- | 1997-2005 | {{Flag icon|IRL}} [[Roy Keane]] | Tuzo nyingi zaidi zilishindwa akiwa nahodha |- | 2005-hadi leo | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Gary Neville]] | Nahodha wa kwanza wa kilabu wa kuzaliwa katika eneo la [[Greater Manchester]] tangu enzi za Dennis Viollet |} === Rekodi za wachezaji === ''Kwa mujibu wa mechi iliyochezwa tarehe 8 Novemba 2009 na kulingana na takwimu ya tovuti rasmi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stretfordend.co.uk/ |title=The Website of Dreams |accessdate=8 Novemba 2009 |last=Endlar |first=Andrew |publisher=StretfordEnd.co.uk }}</ref> '' ''Wachezaji walioandikwa kwa maandishi kolezo ndiyo bado wanaichezea timu ya Manchester United. '' ==== Walioshiriki michuano mingi ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |- !# !Jina !Muda klabuni !Kushiriki !Mabao |- | 1 | align="left"|{{Flag icon|WAL}} [[Ryan Giggs|'''Ryan Giggs''']] | 1991-hadi sasa | 817 | 150 |- | 2 | align="left"|{{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Bobby Charlton]] | 1956-1973 | 758 | 249 |- | 3 | align="left"|{{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Bill Foulkes]] | 1952-1970 | 688 | 9 |- | 4 | align="left"|{{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Paul Scholes|'''Paul Scholes''']] | 1994-hadi leo | 616 | 144 |- | 5 | align="left"|{{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Gary Neville|'''Gary Neville''']] | 1992-hadi leo | 578 | 7 |- | 6. | align="left"|{{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Alex Stepney]] | 1966-1978 | 539 | 2 |- | 7 | align="left"|{{Flag icon|IRL}} [[Tony Dunne]] | 1960-1973 | 535 | 2 |- | 8 | align="left"|{{Flag icon|IRL}} [[Denis Irwin]] | 1990-2002 | 529 | 33 |- | 9. | align="left"|{{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Joe Spence]] | 1919-1933 | 510 | 168 |- | 10 | align="left"|{{Flag icon|SCO}} [[Arthur Albiston]] | 1974-1988 | 485 | 7 |} ==== Waliofunga zaidi ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |- !# !Jina !Muda klabuni !Mabao !Kushiriki !Uuwiano wa Mabao/Michezo<br /> |- | 1 | align="left"|{{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Bobby Charlton]] | 1956-1973 | 249 | 758 | {{#expr: 249/758 round 3}} |- | 2 | align="left"|{{Flag icon|SCO}} [[Denis Law]] | 1962-1973 | 237 | 404 | {{#expr: 237/404 round 3}} |- | 3 | align="left"|{{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Jack Rowley]] | 1937-1955 | 211 | 424 | {{#expr: 211/424 round 3}} |- | 4 = | align="left"|{{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Dennis Viollet]] | 1953-1962 | 179 | 293 | {{#expr: 179/293 round 3}} |- | 4 = | align="left"|{{Flag icon|NIR}} [[George Best]] | 1963-1974 | 179 | 470 | {{#expr: 179/470 round 3}} |- | 6. | align="left"|{{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Joe Spence]] | 1919-1933 | 168 | 510 | {{#expr: 168/510 round 3}} |- | 7 | align="left"|{{Flag icon|WAL}} [[Mark Hughes]] | 1983-1986<br />1988-1995 | 163 | 467 | {{#expr: 163/467 round 3}} |- | 8 = | align="left"|{{Flag icon|NED}} [[Ruud van Nistelrooy]] | 2001-2006 | 150 | 219 | {{#expr: 150/219 round 3}} |- | 8 = | align="left"|{{Flag icon|WAL}} [[Ryan Giggs|'''Ryan Giggs''']] | 1991-hadi leo | 150 | 817 | {{#expr: 150/816 round 3}} |- | 10 | align="left"|{{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Stan Pearson]] | 1937-1954 | 148 | 343 | {{#expr: 148/343 round 3}} |} === Washindi wa matuzo === ;Ballon d'Or Wachezaji wafuatao walikuwa washindi wa [[Ballon d'Or]] wakati wakiichezea Manchester United: * {{Flag icon|SCO}} [[Denis Law]] - 1964 * {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Bobby Charlton]] - 1966 * {{Flag icon|NIR}} [[George Best]] - [[1968]] * {{Flag icon|POR}} [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] - [[2008]] ;European Golden Shoe ( taji la kiatu cha dhahabu cha Ulaya) Wachezaji wafuatao walikuwa washindi wa [[European Golden Shoe]] wakati wakiichezea Manchester United: * {{Flag icon|POR}} [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] (mabao 31 ) - 2008 ;Tuzo la UEFA kwa mwanakandanda wa klabu bora wa mwaka Wachezaji wafuatao walikuwa washindi wa tuzo la [[UEFA kwa mwanakandanda wa klabu bora wa mwaka]] wakati wakiichezea Manchester United: * {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[David Beckham]] - 1999 * {{Flag icon|POR}} [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] - 2008 ;Mchezaji wa mwaka wa FIFA Wachezaji wafuatao walikuwa washindi wa tuzo la[[Mchezaji wa mwaka wa FIFA]] wakati wakiichezea Manchester United: * {{Flag icon|POR}} [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] - [[2008]] === Timu ya akina dada === Timu ya soka ya akina dada ya Manchester United yaani Manchester United Ladies FC ilianzishwa mwaka 1977 kama klabu ya mashabiki akina dada yaani Manchester United Supporters Club Ladies. Walijiunga na ligi ya Three Counties League mwaka 1979, na wakawa wanachama waanzilishi wa ligi ya wanawake wa eneo la kaskazini (North West Women's Regional Footbal League) mwaka 1989, walipogeuza jina lao rasmi na kuwa Manchester United Ladies FC. Ingawa walishushwa kutoka katika ligi msimu wao wa kwanza, walipandishwa ngazi tena baada ya msimu huo na kushinda taji ya ligi ya 1995-96. Msimu wa 1998-99, timu hiyo ilijiunga na Northern Combination, hatua mbili chini ya [[Ligi Kuu ya wanawake ya FA.]] Waliletwa rasmi chini ya mwavuli wa Manchester United FC mwanzo wa msimu wa 2001-02, lakini walivunjiliwa mbali kiutata mwanzo wa msimu wa 2004-05 kwa sababu za kifedha. Uamuzi huo ulikumbwa na upinzani ikizingatiwa faida inayopatikana na Manchester United na pia kutokana na ukweli kuwa timu ziliondolewa ligi zao zote kabla hata wachezaji kuarifiwa kuhusu uamuzi huo. Hata hivyo, klabu bado kilishiriki katika kandanda ya wasichana kwa kutoa mafundisho kwa wasichana chini ya umri wa miaka 16.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Towle |first=Theresa |year=2005 |month=Mei |title=United abandons women’s football |journal=United Shareholder |issue=26 |page=10 |publisher=Shareholders United |url=http://www.joinmust.org/news/newsletter/UnitedShareholder26.pdf#page=10 |format=PDF |accessdate=21 Januari 2009 }}</ref> ==Maafisa wa klabu== * Mmiliki: [[Malcolm Glazer]] * Rais wa heshima: [[Martin Edwards]] '''Manchester United Limited''' * Wenyekiti wenz: [[Joel Glazer]] & [[Avram Glazer]] * Afisa mkuu mtendaji: [[David Gill]] * Afisa mkuu wa utekelezaji: Michael Bolingbroke * Mkurugenzi wa Kibiashara: Richard Arnold * Mkurugenzi mtendaji: Ed Woodward * Wakurugenzi wasio watendaji: [[Bryan Glazer]], Kevin Glazer, Edward Glazer & Darcie Glazer '''Manchester United Football Club''' * Wakurugenzi: [[David Gill, Michael Edelson, Sir Bobby Charlton, Maurice Watkins]] * Katibu wa Klabu: Ken Ramsden * Naibu katibu wa klabu: Ken Merrett * Balozi wa kimataifa: [[Bryan Robson]] '''Maafisa wa ukufunzi na wa kimatibabu''' * Meneja: [[Sir Alex Ferguson]] * Naibu meneja: [[Mike Phelan]] * Mkufunzi wa timu ya kwanza: [[René Meulensteen]] * Mkufunzi wa walindalango: [[Eric Steele]] * Mkufunzi wa mazoezi: [[Tony Strudwick]] * Mkufunzi wa nguvu & uzoefu: Mick Clegg * Mkuu wa utendaji wa binadamu: Dr. Richard Hawkins <ref>{{Cite journal |year=2008 |month=Oktoba |title=Anatomy of the United Bench |journal=Inside United |issue=195 |pages=18–19 |quote=Richard Hawkins has the fascinating title of 'head of human performance'. He works with the sports science team at Carrington, helping the players reach peak physical performance. }}</ref> * Meneja wa timu ya ziada: [[Ole Gunnar Solskjær]] * Mkufunzi wa timu ya ziada: [[Warren Joyce]] * Skauti mkuu: [[Jim Lawlor]] * Skauti mkuu wa Ulaya: [[Martin Ferguson]] * Mkurugenzi wa chuo cha vijana: [[Brian McClair]] * Mkurugenzi wa kandanda ya vijana: [[Jimmy Ryan]] * Daktari wa klabu: Dr. Steve McNally * Naibu daktari wa klabu : Dr. Tony Gill * Mwanatibamaungo wa timu ya kwanza: [[Rob Swire]] === Historia ya usimamizi === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tarehe ! Jina ! Maelezo |- | 1878-1892 | Hajulikani |- | 1892-1900 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[AH Albut]] |- | 1900-1903 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[James West]] |- | 1903-1912 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Ernest Mangnall]] |- | 1912-1914 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[John Bentley]] |- | 1914-1922 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Jack Robson]] |- | 1922-1926 | {{Flag icon|SCO}} [[John Chapman]] | Meneja wa kwanza kutoka nje ya Uingereza |- | 1926-1927 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Lal Hilditch]] |- | 1927-1931 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Herbert Bamlett]] |- | 1931-1932 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Walter Crickmer]] |- | 1932-1937 | {{Flag icon|SCO}} [[Scott Duncan]] |- | 1937-1945 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Walter Crickmer]] |- | 1945-1969 | {{Flag icon|SCO}} [[Mtt Busby]] | Meneja wa kwanza wa baada ya Vita ya Pili ya Dunia na meneja aliyehudumu muda mrefu katika historia ya United |- | 1969-1970 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Wilf McGuiness]] |- | 1970-1971 | {{Flag icon|SCO}} [[Mtt Busby]] |- | 1971-1972 | {{Flag icon|IRL}} [[Frank O'Farrell]] | Meneja wa kwanza kutoka nje ya Uingereza |- | 1972-1977 | {{Flag icon|SCO}} [[Tommy Docherty]] |- | 1977-1981 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Dave Sexton]] |- | 1981-1986 | {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Ron Atkinson]] |- | 1986-hadi leo | {{Flag icon|SCO}} [[Alex Ferguson]] | Meneja aliyefaulu sana kwa mujibu wa vikombe |} ==Ufuasi== Kabla ya Vita ya Pili vya Dunia, mashabiki wachache wa kandanda wa Uingereza walisafiri mbali kutazama michezo kwa sababu ya muda, gharama, na vikwazo vya kivifaa kama vile uhaba wa magari miongoni mwa wakaazi.{{Citation needed|date=Januari 2009}} Jinsi City na United walivyocheza michuano ya nyumbani kwa kubadilishana siku za Jumamosi, Wanamanchester wengi wangetazama United juma moja na juma lifuatalo City, lakini baada ya vita, ushindani mkali ukaibuka na ikawa kawaida zaidi kwa shabiki kuchagua kufuata timu moja pekee.{{Citation needed|date=Januari 2009}} United iliposhinda ligi mwaka 1956, walikuwa na ufuasi wastani wa juu zaidi wa mahudhurio ya ligi nyumbani, rekodi iliyokuwa inashikiliwa na Newcastle United kwa miaka michache iliyotangulia. Kufuatia ajali yao ya ndege Munich mwaka wa 1958, watu zaidi walianza kushabikia United na wengi wakaanza kuhudhuria michuano. Hii illisababisha ushabiki kwa United kupanuka sababu moja inayofanya United kuwa mahudhurio ya juu katika ligi ya kandanda ya Uingereza kwa takribani kila msimu tangu wakati huo, hata wakati waliposhushwa ngazi na kuwa katika Divisheni ya Pili [[1974-75.]]<ref name="attendance"/> Kwa kweli, kwa misimu miwili ambayo United haikuwa na mahudhurio ya ligi, Old Trafford ilikuwa ikifanyiwa kazi kubwa ya ujenzi [[(1971-72]] na 1992-93). Ripoti ya mwaka 2002, kwa anwani ''Do You come From Manchester?,'' Ilionyesha kuwa asilimia kubwa ya wanunuzi wa tiketi za msimu za Manchester City huishi katika wilaya za posta za Manchester, wakati United ilikuwa na idadi kamili juu ya wanunuzu wa tiketi za msimu wanaoishi katika eneo moja.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.e-space.mmu.ac.uk/e-space/bitstream/2173/12506/1/seasonticketreport%20-%20brown1.pdf |title=Do You Come From Manchester? |accessdate=28 Mei 2007 |author=Dr. Adam Brown |year=2002 |format=PDF |publisher=[[Manchester Metropolitan University]] |page=3 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227194327/http://www.e-space.mmu.ac.uk/e-space/bitstream/2173/12506/1/seasonticketreport%20-%20brown1.pdf |archivedate=2008-02-27 }}</ref> Katika miaka ya 1990 na mapema miaka ya 2000, chanzo cha wasiwasi kwa mashabiki wengi wa United kilikuwa uwezekano wa klabu kununuliwa. Kundi la wafuasi [[IMUSA]] ''(Independent Manchester United Supporters' Association)'' lilijihusisha sana katika kupinga ununuzi uliotarajiwa wa [[Rupert Murdoch]] mwaka 1998. Kundi lingine lililotoa shinikizo klabu kisiuzwe, ''Shareholders United against Murdoch'' (ambalo baadaye lilikuwa Shareholders United na sasa ni ''[[Manchester United Supporters' Trust)]]'' liliundwa wakati huu kuhamasisha wafuasi kununua hisa za klabu, ili kwa kiasi kuwawezesha wafuasi kuwa na usemi zaidi katika masuala yaliyowatia wasiwasi kama vile bei na mgao wa tiketi, na kwa kiasi kupunguza hatari ya watu wasiohitajika kununua hisa za kutosha kumiliki klabu. Hata hivyo, mpango huu ulishindwa kumzuia Malcolm Glazer kuwa mmiliki mwenye hisa nyingi. Wafuasi wengi walikasirishwa, na baadhi walibuni klabu asi kwa jina [[F.C. United of Manchester.]] Licha ya hasira ya baadhi ya wafuasi kwa wamiliki wapya, mahudhurio yameendelea kuongezeka. Hisia zilizotolewa na mashabiki hao, wakati mwingine umeshutumiwa. Mwaka 2000, maoni yaliyotolewa kuhusu baadhi ya mashabiki katika Old Trafford na nahodha wa wakati huo Roy Keane, kwamba baadhi ya mashabiki hawawezi hata " kuendeleza neno kandanda, acha kuielewa" yalipelekea wao kutajwa kama "mashabiki wanaohudhuria mchuano kufurahia ukarimu wa klabu na wala si kuishabikia".<ref name="RoyKeanerants">{{Cite news |title=Home 10 classic Roy Keane rants |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2006/aug/24/sport.comment |date=24 Agosti 2006 |accessdate=18 Mei 2008 |publisher=Guardian }}</ref> Alex Ferguson pia ametoa maoni kadhaa kuhusu mashabiki kiasi kwamba alidai kuwa hali iliyoshuhudiwa tarehe 1 Januari 2008 ilikuwa kama "matanga".<ref name="crowdcriticism"/> Baadaye aliongeza, "Nadhani kumekuwa na siku kama hizi hapo nyuma. Ilitokea miaka michache iliyopita, wakati tulipotawala".<ref name="crowdcriticism">{{Cite news |title=Home support disappoints Ferguson |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/7167508.stm |date=2 Januari 2008 |accessdate=2 Januari 2008 |publisher=BBC Sport }}</ref> Baada ya ushindi maarufu wa 1-0 dhidi ya Barcelona ugani Old Trafford, ambao uliiwezesha United kushiriki katika fainali ya Ligi ya Mabingwa ( Champions League) Moscow, Ferguson alisema kwamba mashabiki wa United "walikuwa wapevu sana" na kwamba wao "walituwezesha kufanikiwa".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Boss: Fans forced us to play |url=http://www.manutd.com/default.sps?pagegid={B4CEE8FA-9A47-47BC-B069-3F7A2F35DB70}&newsid=550016 |date=29 Aprili 2008 |accessdate=4 Januari 2009 |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=FERGUSON HAILS SCHOLES GOAL |url=http://football365.com/story/0,17033,8652_3495498,00.html |date=28 Aprili 2008 |accessdate=28 Aprili 2008 |publisher=Football365 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505120146/http://football365.com/story/0,17033,8652_3495498,00.html |archivedate=2009-05-05 }}</ref> ==Uwanja== {{Infobox Stadium | stadium_name = Old Trafford | nickname = Theatre of Dreams | image = [[Picha:Old Trafford inside 20060726 1.jpg|250px|Old Trafford after its most recent expansion]] |location = [[Sir Matt Busby Way]], <br />[[Old Trafford, Manchester|Old Trafford]], <br />[[Greater Manchester]], <br />[[England]] | broke_ground = 1909 | opened = 19 Februari 1910 | owner = Manchester United | operator = Manchester United | construction_cost = £90,000 (1909) | architect = [[Archibald Leitch]] (1909) | tenants = Manchester United ([[Premier League]]) (1910–present)</center> | seating_capacity = 76,212 seated<ref name="sky_sports"/> }} Klabu kilipoanzishwa mara ya kwanza, Newton Heath alicheza michuano yao ya nyumbani kwenye uwanja mdogo ulio North Road, Newton Heath. Hata hivyo, timu geni zilizokuja kucheza uwanjani humo zililalamikia hali yake, ambayo ilikuwa "bwawa upande mmoja na uliojaa miamba kama ya timbo upande mwingine".<ref name="north_road"/> vyumba vya kubadilishia nguo pia havikuwa vya kujivunia, vilikuwa umbali wa kutembea dakika kumi katika baa ya Three Crowns iliyokuwa Oldham Road. Baadaye walihamishiwa Shears Hotel, mkahawa mwingine uliokuwa Oldham Road, hata hivyo mabadiliko yalihitajika kama klabu ilitaka kuendelea katika Ligi ya Kandanda. Heath walibaki katika uwanja wao wa North Road kwa miaka kumi na mitano 1878-1893, mwaka mmoja baada ya kuingia Football League na baadaye kuhamia makao mapya Bank Street hapo Clayton. Uwanja mpya haukuwa mzuri sana, vipande vichache vya nyasi vilijipenyeza usoni mwa changarawe na mawingu ya moshi yalifuka kutoka katika kiwanda kilichokuwa karibu. Wakati mmoja, Walsall Town Swifts ilikataa kucheza kutokana na hali mbaya ya uwanja. Changarawe ilimwagwa uwanjani na walinda uga, hatimaye wageni wakawashawishi kucheza na kupoteza 14-0. walipinga matokeo hayo, wakitaja hali mbaya ya uwanja kama sababu ya wao kushindwa, mchuano ukarudiwa. Hali haikuwa nzuri sana wakati wa marudiano, timu ya Walsall ilishindwa tena, ingawa wakati huu walibugia 9-0 tu.<ref name="north_road"/> Mwaka wa 1902, klabu karibu kifilisike na uwanja wa Bank Street ulifungwa na mdai kutokana na klabu kushindwa kulipa deni lake. Klabu kiliokolewa katika dakika za mwisho na nahodha Harry Stafford ambaye aliweza kuchangisha fedha za kutosha kulipia mchuano wa ugenini Bristol City na kupata uwanja wa muda karibu na Harpurhey kwa kuchezea duru nyingine dhidi ya Blackpool.<ref name="temporary_home">{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Alex |title=The Official Illustrated History of Manchester United |url=https://archive.org/details/officialillustra0000unse |year=2006 |publisher=Orion Books |location=London |isbn=0-7528-7603-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/officialillustra0000unse/page/15 15] |chapter=1878-1915: From Newton Heath to Old Trafford }}</ref> Kufuatia uwekezaji kuimarisha klabu tena, jina lilibadilishwa na kuwa Manchester United, ingawa kulikuwa na hamu ya kupata uwanja uliokubalika. Wiki sita kabla ya mchuano wa kwanza wa United kuwania Kombe la FA Aprili 1909, Old Trafford ilitajwa kuwa nyumbani kwa Manchester United kufuatia ununuzi wa ardhi muhimu kwa takribani £ 60,000. Msanifumijengo Archibald Leitch aliajiriwa na mwenyekiti wa United John Henry Davies na kupewa bajeti ya £ 30.000 kwa ajili ya ujenzi. Mipango asilia ilionyesha kuwa uwanja ungefaa kujengwa kuhimili watu 100.000, ingawa idadi hiyo ilipunguzwa hadi 77,000. Licha ya hilo, rekodi ya mahudhurio ya 76,962 ilirekodiwa, ambayo hata sasa ni zaidi ya idadi rasmi inayokubalika katika uwanja huo. Ujenzi ulifanywa na Messrs Brameld na Smith wa Manchester. Katika ufunguzi wa uwanja, tiketi za kusimama ziligharimu peni sita, wakati viti ghali zaidi katika jukwaa kuu zililipiwa shilingi tano. Mchezo wa ufunguzi ulikuwa tarehe 19 Februari 1910 dhidi ya Liverpool FC, na wageni wakashinda kwa 4-3. Kama ilivyotokea, mabadiliko ya uwanja yalitokea wakati mwafaka zaidi - siku chache tu baada ya klabu kucheza mchuano wao wa mwisho ugani Bank Street, mojawapo ya jukwaa liliangushwa chini na dhoruba.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Alex |title=The Official Illustrated History of Manchester United |url=https://archive.org/details/officialillustra0000unse |year=2006 |publisher=Orion Books |location=London |isbn=0-7528-7603-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/officialillustra0000unse/page/27 27] |chapter=1878-1915: From Newton Heath to Old Trafford }}</ref> Kupigwa kwa bomu wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], tarehe 11 Machi 1941, kuliharibu sehemu kubwa ya uwanja, hasa jukwaa kuu. Handaki la kati katika South Stand ndilo la pekee lililobakia katika robo hiyo ya uwanja. Baada ya vita, United iliwasilisha ripoti kwa Tume ya Madhara ya Vita na kupokea fidia ya £ 22.278 kwa ajili ya ukarabati wa uwanja huo. Ingawa uwanja ulijengwa upya tena 1949, hakuna mchuano uliosakatwa Old Trafford kwa takribani miaka 10 michuano ya "nyumbani" katika kipindi hicho ilichezwa katika uwanja wa Manchester City, Maine Road. Manchester City iliilipisha United £ 5,000 kwa mwaka kwa matumizi ya uwanja wao, pamoja na asilimia fulani ya ada ya kiingilio.<ref>{{Cite book |last=White |first=John |title=The United Miscellany |url=https://archive.org/details/unitedmiscellany0000whit_y9e1 |origyear=2005 |edition=2nd |year=2007 |publisher=Carlton Books |location=London |isbn=978-1-84442-745-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/unitedmiscellany0000whit_y9e1/page/11 11] }}</ref> Marekebisho mengine yalitokea baadaye, yakianza na kuwekwa paa upande wa Stretford End kisha ikawekwa pande za North Stand na East Stand. Hata hivyo, mtindo wa zamani wa paa uliwazuia mashabiki wengi kutazama na hivyo, kupelekea kuboreshwa kwa paa hizo kuwa zilizoinuka na ambazo bado zipo katika uwanja huo leo. Stretford End lilikuwa jukwaa la mwisho kufanyiwa ukarabati wa kuinuliwa paa, kazi iliyokamilika kwa muda ufaao kuruhusu michuano ya msimu wa [[1993-94.]]<ref name="expansion">{{Cite web |url=http://www.manutdzone.com/oldtrafford/oldtrafford.htm |title=Old Trafford 1909-2006 |accessdate=21 Mei 2007 |publisher=ManUtdZone.com |archivedate=2008-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217222825/http://www.manutdzone.com/oldtrafford/oldtrafford.htm }}</ref> Taa za uwanjani ziliwekwa kwa mara ya kwanza uwanjani katikati ya miaka ya 1950. Viunzi{{Convert|180|ft|m|sing=on}} vinne vikuu vilijengwa, kila kimoja kikiwa na taa 54. Mfumo mzima wa taa uliigharima klabu £ 40,000, na kutumika mara ya kwanza katika mechi ya tarehe 25 Machi 1957. Hata hivyo, taa mtindo zamani zilibomolewa mwaka wa 1987, na kubadilishwa na taa za kisasa zilizowekwa katika paa la kila jukwaa, zinadumu hadi leo. Mwaka 1990, kufuatia janga la [[Hillsborough Disaster]], ripoti ilitolewa iliyotaka viwanja vyote kukarabatiwa ili kuruhusu mashabiki [[wanaoketi pekee]], hilo lilipelekea ukarabati ulioshusha idadi ya mashabiki wanaoruhusiwa hadi takribani 44,000. Hata hivyo, umaarufu wa klabu ulimaanisha kuwa maendeleo zaidi yangetokea. Mwaka 1995, North Stand ilijengwa kuwa na daraka tatu na kuongeza idadi inayoruhusiwa hadi takribani 55,000. Hii ilifuatiwa na upanuzi kwanza wa jukwaa la East na kisha West kufikisha jumla ya idadi ya 68,000. Upanuzi wa hivi karibuni zaidi ulikamilika mwaka 2006, ambapo robo iliyopo North-East na North West ilifunguliwa, na kufikisha rekodi ya idadi ya sasa ya 76,098, 104 tu chini ya upeo wa idadi inayoruhusiwa.<ref name="expansion"/> Imekadiriwa kwamba kwa maendeleo zaidi kufanyiwa uwanja, hasa Southern Stand ambayo ndio hadi sasa ina daraka moja tu, gharama ya uboreshaji inaweza kukaribia £ million 114 ambazo tayari zimetumika kuboresha uwanja huo katika miaka kumi na minne iliyopita. Hii ni kutokana na ukweli kwamba ingebidi takriban nyumba hamsini kununuliwa na klabu, hilo huenda likaongeza usumbufu kwa wakazi wa mtaa huo,na upanuzi wowote ungelazimika kujengwa juu ya laini ya reli inayopita karibu na uwanja huo. Kwa kweli , upanuzi huo utajumuisha kuifanya South Stand kuwa na angalau daraka mbili na kujaza jukwaa za South-West na South-East kuhifadhi umbo la "bakuli" la uwanja huo. Makadirio ya sasa yanaashiria kuwa uwanja huo ukijengwa hivyo utakuwa na uwezo wa kuhimili takriban mashabiki 96,000, zaidi wa uwanja mpya wa Wembley.<ref name="expansion"/> ==Udhamini== [[AIG]] ndio [[wadhamini]] wakuu wa Manchester United, na kama sehemu ya mpango huo wa udhamini nembo yao imebandikwa mbele ya mashati ya klabu na bidhaa nyingi nyinginezo za klabu. Udhamini wa AIG ulitangazwa na afisa mtendaji wa Manchester United David Gill tarehe 6 Aprili 2006, ina thamani ya £ milioni 56.5 rekodi ya aina yake nchini Uingereza na ya kulipwa kwa takribani miaka minne (£ milioni 14.1 kila mwaka).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Man Utd sign £56m AIG shirt deal |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4882640.stm |work=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=6 Aprili 2006 |accessdate=28 Mei 2007 }}</ref> Udhamini huo ulikuwa wenye thamani zaidi dunia mwezi Septemba 2006 baada ya kubatilishwa kwa udhamini wa £ milioni 15 kila mwaka kati ya [[Juventus]] na kampuni ya mafuta ya [[Tamoil]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sportbusiness.com/news/160395/oilinvest-to-renegotiate-juventus-sponsorship |title=Oilinvest to renegotiate Juventus sponsorship |accessdate=28 Mei 2007 |date=7 Septemba 2006 |publisher=SportBusiness.com }}</ref> Tarehe 21 Januari 2009, ilitangaza kuwa AIG haitafanya upya udhamini wao wa klabu ifikapo mwisho wa udhamini wa sasa Mei 2010. Hata hivyo, si wazi ikiwa mkataba wa AIG kusimamia MU Finance utaendelea.<ref>{{Cite news |title=AIG ends Man Utd sponsorship deal |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7841748.stm |work=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=21 Januari 2009 |accessdate=21 Januari 2009 }}</ref> Kampuni ya bima ya marekani [[Aon]] ilitajwa kama mdhamini mkuu wa klabu tarehe 3 Juni 2009, huku udhamini wao kwa klabu ukianza kutekelezwa mwanzo wa [[msimu wa 2010-11.]]<ref>{{Cite news |author=Communications Dept |title=Future shirt sponsor unveiled |url=http://www.manutd.com/default.sps?pagegid={48C41513-A376-4D1F-981D-660FC5BB193E}&newsid=6633776 |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=3 Juni 2009 |accessdate=3 Juni 2009 }}</ref> Masharti ya mpango huo hawakufichuliwa, lakini imeripotiwa kuwa una thamani ya takriban £ million 80 kwa takriban miaka minne, ambayo itaifanya kuwa mdhamini mkuu zaidi katika historia ya kandanda.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Man Utd in new shirt sponsor deal |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8081787.stm |work=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=3 Juni 2009 |accessdate=3 Juni 2009 }}</ref> Klabu kimekuwa na wadhamini wakuu watatu tu wa shati. Wa kwanza na waliohudumu kwa muda mrefu zaidi walikuwa [[Sharp Electronics]], ambao walifadhili klabu kuanzia 1982 hadi 2000, ilikuwa moja ya udhamini wa faida kubwa na wa muda mrefu katika [[Soka ya Uingereza.]]<ref name="vodafone">{{Cite news |title=Vodafone in £30m Man Utd tie-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/639243.stm |work=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=11 Februari 2000 |accessdate=8 Aprili 2008 }}</ref><ref name="new_sponsor">{{Cite news |title=United must find new shirt sponsor |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2005/SPORT/football/11/23/united.sponsor/ |publisher=CNN.com International |date=24 Novemba 2005 |accessdate=8 Aprili 2008 }}</ref> Nembo ya Sharp ilikuwa mbele ya shati za United katika miaka hiyo 17, wakati ambao timu ilishinda mataji saba ya [[Ligi Kuu]], tano za [[Kombe la FA]], moja la [[Football League]], moja la [[Washindi wa makombe ya Ulaya]] na moja la [[Kombe la Ulaya.]] Vodafone ilichukua udhamini kwa mkataba wa awali wa miaka minne wa £ million 30 tarehe 11 Februari 2000, udhamini ulianza mwanzo wa msimu wa 2000-01.<ref name="vodafone"/><ref name="new_sponsor"/> Mnamo Desemba 2003, udhamini ulirefushwa kwa miaka minne na Vodafone ikakubaliana kulipa £ million 36 zaidi kwa miaka minne ya 2004-2008.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Man Utd rings up £36m shirt deal |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3252120.stm |work=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=1 Desemba 2003 |accessdate=21 Januari 2009 }}</ref> Hata hivyo, tarehe 23 Novemba 2005, Vodafone ilitangaza kuwa itakomesha udhamini wake Mei 2006 ili kuangazia zaidi udhamini wao wa [[UEFA Champions League.]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vodafone ends Man Utd shirt deal |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4463534.stm |work=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=23 Novemba 2005 |accessdate=21 Januari 2009 }}</ref> Vivyo hivyo, klabu imekuwa na washonaji huru nne tu wa sare yake, wa kwanza walikuwa kampuni ya Uingereza [[UMBRO]]. [[Admiral]] ilichukua usukani mwaka 1975, na kuwa kampuni ya kwanza ya kuweka nembo yao kwenye shati la Manchester United mwaka wa 1976.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prideofmanchester.com/sport/mufc-kits4.htm |title=Manchester United Shirts 1970-79 |accessdate=13 Agosti 2008 |publisher=Pride Of Manchester }}</ref> [[Adidas]] ilifuatiwa mwaka 1980,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prideofmanchester.com/sport/mufc-kits5.htm |title=Manchester United Shirts 1980-89 |accessdate=13 Agosti 2008 |publisher=Pride Of Manchester }}</ref> kabla Umbro kuanzaa kipindi chao cha pili kama watengenezaji wa sare za klabu hiyo mwaka wa 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prideofmanchester.com/sport/mufc-kits6.htm |title=Manchester United Shirts 1990-99 |accessdate=13 Agosti 2008 |publisher=Pride Of Manchester }}</ref> Udhamini wa Umbro ulidumu kwa miaka kumi zaidi kabla ya klabu kupata udhamini wa kuvunja rekodi - £ million 302.9 kutoka kwa Nike. Makubaliano na Nike yatadumu kwa miaka 13 ya awali, na kuendelea hadi angalau mwaka wa 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.manutdzone.com/atoz/n.html#Nike |title=A to Z of Manchester United&nbsp;— N |accessdate=22 Mei 2007 |publisher=ManUtdZone.com |archivedate=2001-04-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010422063156/http://www.manutdzone.com/atoz/n.html#Nike }}</ref> ==Washindani== Kihistoria, washindani wa karibu wa Manchester United wamekuwa [[Liverpool]], [[Manchester City]] na [[Leeds United]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2008/04/15/sfnwba115.xml |title=Bitter rivals do battle |publisher=Daily Telegraph |date=15 Aprili 2008 |accessdate=6 Mei 2008 |archivedate=2011-08-19 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/612fOTm3N?url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2297404/Wolves-v-West-Brom-Bitter-rivals-do-battle.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/manchester_united/s/174/174381_giggs_liverpool_our_biggest_test.html |title=United's rivalries |publisher=Manchester Evening News |date=16 Septemba 2005 |accessdate=23 Desemba 2007 }}</ref> Hivi sasa, mashabiki wengi huona Liverpool kama washindani wao wakubwa kutokana na mafanikio ya klabu zote mbili,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11667_2972778,00.html |title=Liverpool v Manchester United preview |accessdate=23 Desemba 2007 |publisher=Sky Sports }}</ref> ingawa bado wengine huiorodhesha Manchester City kama wapinzani wao wakuu. Ushindani na Liverpool ulianza katika miaka ya 1960 wakati klabu hizo mbili zilikuwa kati ya klabu imara zaidi Uingereza, na zimekuwa zikishindana kwa karibu sana kila msimu tangu zamani. Ushindani wa Manchester City ulianza wakati wa enzi ya Newton Heath ya miaka ya 1890 na imebakia kali kutokana na klabu hizi mbili kuwa katika divisheni sawa kwa muda mrefu wa historia yao. Huku ushindani ukiwa na msingi wa ukinzani wa jadi kati ya[[Yorkshire-Lancashire]], ushindani kati yao na [[Leeds United]] ulianza mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1960 wakati Leeds ilitawazwa mshindi, na kuendelea katika miaka ya 1970 na 1980 kabla kufikia kilele wakati Leeds ilipoiadhibu United katika taji la ligi 1992. ==Tuzo== === Nchini Uingereza === ==== Ligi ==== * '''[[Ligi Kuu:]] <ref name="premier_league">[342] ^ Baada ya kubuniwa kwake mwaka wa 1992, [[Ligi Kuu]] imekuwa daraja ya juu katika [[kandanda ya Uingereza;]] [[Divisheni ya Kwanza]] na [[ya Pili]] zilifanywa kuwa daraja za pili na tatu katika usanjari huo. Divisheni ya kwanza sasa inajulikana kama [[Football League Championship]] na [[Divisheni ya Pili]] sasa inajulikana kama [[Football League One.]]</ref> 11''' ** [[1992-93, 1993-94, 1995-96, 1996-97, 1998-99, 1999-2000, 2000-01, 2002-03, 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09]] * '''[[Divisheni ya kwanza:]] <ref name="premier_league"/> 7''' ** [[1907-08, 1910-11, 1951-52, 1955-56, 1956-57, 1964-65, 1966-67]] * '''[[Divisheni ya pili:]] <ref name="premier_league"/> 2''' ** [[1935-36, 1974-75]] ==== Vikombe ==== * '''[[Kombe la FA:]] 11''' ** [[1909, 1948, 1963, 1977, 1983, 1985, 1990, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2004]] * '''[[Kombe ya Ligi:]] 3''' ** [[1992, 2006, 2009]] * '''[[FA Charity / Community Shield:]] 17 (washindi waziwazi mara 13, mara 4 imegawanywa)''' ** [[1908, 1911, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1965]] *, [[1967]] *, [[1977]] *, [[1983, 1990]] *, [[1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2003, 2007, 2008]] (* washindi wa pamoja) === Ya Ulaya === * '''[[Kombe la Ulaya / UEFA Champions League:]] 3''' ** [[1968, 1999, 2008]] * '''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup:]] 1''' ** [[1991]] * '''[[UEFA Super Cup:]] 1''' ** [[1991]] === Duniani === * '''[[Kombe la Mabara:]] 1''' ** [[1999]] * '''[[Kombe la FIFA la Klabu za Dunia:]] walilipata mwaka 2008. na ni moja wapo ya bora ulimwenguni ambayo ina makombemengi === Ushindi wa mataji mawili au matatu === * [[Mataji mawili:]] ** [[Ligi na Kombe la FA:]] '''3''' *** [[1994, 1996, 1999]] (kama sehemu ya [[Utatu)]] ** [[Ligi]] na [[Kombe ya Ligi:]] '''1''' *** [[2009]] ** [[Mataji mawili ya Ulaya (Ligi]] na [[Kombe la Ulaya):]] '''2''' *** [[1999]] (kama sehemu ya [[ya Utatu), 2008]] * [["Utatu"]] (League, Kombe la FA na Kombe la Ulaya): '''1''' ** [[1999]] Hasa mashindano mafupi kama vile [[Charity / Community Shield, Kombe la mabara, Kombe la FIFA la klabu za Dunia]] au [[Super Cup]] hazifikiriwi kwa jumla kuchangia Ushindi mara mbili au tatu. Taji kuu la peke ambalo Manchester United haijashinda kamwe ni [[Kombe la UEFA]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.manutd.com/default.sps?pagegid={EE4D6083-FCB8-4FAB-A765-75E2B0F4B4E0} |title=Trophy Room |accessdate=4 Januari 2009 |year=2009 |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United }}</ref> ingawa walifika robo-fainali mwaka 1984-85 na nusu fainali ya mashindano tangulizi ya michuano hiyo [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]], mwaka wa 1964-65.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/uefacup/history/season=1984/round=1124/index.html |title=UEFA Cup&nbsp;— Season 1984-1985 - Quarter-finals |accessdate=15 Februari 2009 |work=uefa.com |publisher=Union of European Football Associations }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rsssf.com/ec/ec196465det.html#fc |title=Fairs' Cup 1964-65 |accessdate=15 Februari 2009 |last=Zea |first=Antonio |coauthors=Haisma, Marcel |date=9 Januari 2008 |work=rsssf.com |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation }}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Vilabu tajiri vya kandanda]] ;Miungano ya mashabiki * [[IMUSA]] * [[Manchester United Supporters 'Trust]] ;Vijarida * [[Red Issue]] * [[United we Stand (kijarida)]] * [[Red News]] ==Marejeo== {{Reflist|2}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons|Manchester United}} * [http://www.manutd.com/ tovuti rasmi] * [http://www.stretfordend.co.uk/ Statistics Website ] * [http://www.imusa.org/ Independent Manchester United Supporters Association Website] * [http://www.joinmust.org/ Official Manchester United Supporters' Trust] {{BBC football info|m/man_utd}} * [http://www.skysports.com/football/teams/manchesterunited Manchester United] katika skysports.com * [http://www.premierleague.com/page/manchester-united Manchester United] {{Wayback|url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/manchester-united |date=20110606075748 }} katika premierleague.com {{Manchester United F.C.}} {{Premier League}} {{ECA}} [[Jamii:Manchester United FC]] [[Jamii:Vilabu Mpira vya Uingereza]] a5rs5yrut2o4apl9uiv63lot0f5zpa4 0 32679 1236797 1208144 2022-07-30T07:33:42Z BevoLJ 53014 - {{Fb}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football tournament | current = | logo = | founded = 1957 | number of teams = 16 | region = [[Africa]] ([[Confederation of African Football|CAF]]) | current champions = {{Fb|Cote d'Ivoire}} | most successful team= {{Fb|Egypt}} (7 titles) }} {{Wikinews|Egypt wins 2008 Africa Cup of Nations}} '''Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika''' ni [[shindano]] kuu la la [[soka]] la kimataifa katika [[Afrika]]. Shindano hili husimamiwa na [[Confederation of African Football]] (CAF), na lilichezwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka wa [[1957]]. Tangu mwaka wa 1968, shindano hili hufanyika baada ya miaka miwili. Wabingwa wa [[FIFA Confederations Cup]] walifuzu katika shindano hili. Katika mwaka wa 1957 kulikuwa na mataifa matatu yaliyoshiriki katika shindano hili ambayo ni: [[Misri]], [[Sudan]] na [[Ethiopia]]. [[Afrika ya Kusini]] walikuwa washiriki katika shindano hili lakini walizuiwa kutokana na sera za [[ubaguzi]] nchini humo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/cup_of_nations/1709599.stm</ref> Tangu wakati huo, mchuano huu umeenea, na kusababisha michuano ya kufuzu. Idadi ya walioshiriki katika fainali ya shindano hili ilifika 16 katika mwaka 1998 (timu 16 zilikuwa zishiriki katika shinano hili mwaka wa 1996 lakini Nigeria walijitoa na kubakia timu 15), na tangu wakati huo, imebaki kuwa timu 61 ndizo zinashiriki katika shindano hili. Timu hizi hugawanywa katika vikundi ambavyo kila kundi kina timu nne ambapo timu mbili bora katika kila kundi ndizo zinafaulu katika hatua ya ya pili. [[Misri]] ndiyo taifa lililofanikiwa zaidi katika historia kombe hili kwa kuwa na rekodi ya kushinda kombe hili mara sita. [[Ghana]] na [[Kamerun]] wameweza kunyakuwa ubingwa mara nne. Nyara tatu tofauti zimetunzwa katika historia ya shindano hili. [[Ghana]] na [[Kamerun]]wameshinda matoleo mawili ya kwanza baada ya kila timu kushinda shindano hili mara tatu mfululizo. Nyara iliyo sasa ilitunzwa mara ya kwanza mwaka wa 2002. == Historia == === 1950-60:uenezaji wa shindano la ANC === Chimbuko la Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika lilikuwa mnamo tarehe Juni 1956, wakati uundaji wa Confederation of African Football ulipendekezwa katika mkutano wa tatu wa bunge la [[FIFA]] mjini [[Lisbon]]. Kulikuwa na mipango ya haraka kwa mashindano ya mataifa ya bara kufanyika, na mwaka wa 1957 mwezi wa Februari shindano la [[kwanza]] la Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika lilifanyika mjini [[Khartoum]], [[Sudan]]. Hakukuwa na mechi za kufuzu katika shindano hili , kwani uwanja ulikuwa na mataifa manne ambao ndio wanzilishi wa CAF (Sudan, Misri, Ethiopia, na Afrika ya Kusini). Kukataa kwa Afrika ya Kusini kupeleka kikosi [[chenye wachezaji wa rangi tofauti]] katika ushindani kulisababisha wao kuadhibiwa na Ethiopia iliweza kufuzu katika fainali .<ref name="BBC-began"> {{Cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/cup_of_nations/1709599.stm | author=[[news.bbc.co.uk]] | publisher=[[BBC]] | title=African Nations Cup - How it all began | accessdate=9 Machi 2007}} </ref> Kutokana na tukio hilo mechi mbili ndizo zilizochezwa na Misri kuwa bingwa wa kwanza katika bara baada ya kushinda Sudan katika nusu fainali na Ethiopia katika fainali. Miaka miwili baadaye, Misri ndiyo ilikuwa mwenyeji wa pili wa ANC mjini [[Cairo]] ambapo timu zile tatu ndizo zilishiriki .Kama mwenyeji na bingwa tetezi Misri iliweza kushinda baada ya kuwalaza sudan katika fainali. Shindano hili lilienea na kuwa na timu tisa ambazo zilishiriki. Shindano hili la [[tatu]] la [[ANC mwaka 1962]]lilikuwa mjini [[Addis Ababa]], na kwa mara ya kwanza kulikuwa na mechi za kufuzu ambapo timu nne zilifuzu kupigania ubingwa. Ethiopia kama mwenyeji Misri kama bingwa tetezi zilipata fursa ya kufaulu mara moja, na kuungwa na Nigeria na Tunisia katika timu nne za mwisho zilizo waania ubingwa. Misri iliweza kucheza fainali kwa mara ya tatu lakini Ethiopia waliwezakushinda, baada ya kupiga Tunisia katika semifinali nakulaza Misri katika [[muda wa ziada]]. === 1960: Ghana utawala === Katika mwaka 1963, [[Ghana]] ilishiriki kwa mara ya kwanza katika shindano hili , na iliweza kunyakua ushindi baada ya kuilaza Sudan katika fainali. iliweza kunyakuwa ubingwa miaka miwili baadaye katika [[Tunisia]] -ikisawazisha na Misri kama bingwa wa misimu miwili - na kikosi ambacho kilikuwa na wachezaji wawili tu kutoka timu ya 1963.<ref name="BBC-1957-1978"> {{Cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/3396199.stm | author=[[news.bbc.co.uk]] | publisher=[[BBC]] | title=The early years | accessdate=9 Machi 2007}} </ref> [[katika shindano la 1968]] ilibidi mpango wa mchuano huo ubadilike na kuongeza hadi timu 8 zitakazo faulu kati ya timu 22 zilizofaulu katika raundi ya hapo awali. Timu zilizofaulu ziligawanyishwa katika makundi mawili kila kundi likiwa na timu nne ambazo zilicheza michezo ya mizunguko ambapo timu mbili bora zaidi katika kila kundi zilifaulu katika nusu fainali.Mfumo huu uliendelea kutumika katika fainali hadi mwaka wa 1992. [[Jamhuri]] ya [[Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] iliweza kushinda baada ya kuwachapa Ghana. Kuanzia mwaka wa 1968 shindano hili limekuwa likitendeka baada ya miaka miwili katika miaka iliyo sawa. Mchezaji wa mbele wa Ivory Coast, [[Laurent Pokou]] aliongoza kwa mabao katika michuano ya 1968 na 1970 kwa mabao sita mwaka wa 1968 na mabao nane katika mwaka wa 1970 na kuwa na mabao 14 kwa jumla na kushikilia rekodi kwa muda hadi 2008. Shindano hili liliweza kuonyehwa katika runinga mara ya kwanza mwaka wa 1970 likiwa nchini Sudan,<ref name="BBC-1957-1978"/> ambayo iliweza kuchukua taji baaada ya kuwashinda Ghana- iliyokuwa ikicheza fainaili ya nne mfululizo. === 1970: muongo wa mabingwa === Kati ya mwaka 1970-1980 mataifa sita mbalimbali yaliweza kushinda : [[Sudan]], [[Kongo-Brazzaville]], [[Zaire]], [[Moroko]], [[Ghana]], na [[Nigeria]]. Zaire ilishinda mara ya pili katika mwaka wa [[1974]] (ilishinda mara ya kwanza kama Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo) baada ya kupambana na Zambia katika fainali. Kwa muda hadi sasa katika historia ya ushindani, hii ndio mechi ya kipekee ambayo imerudiwa baada ya timu hizo mbili kutoka sare 2-2 baada ya muda wa ziada. Finali hii ilichezwa siku mbili baadaye na Zaire kuibuka washindi kwa 2-0. Mchezaji wa mbele wa Zaire , [[Mulamba Ndaye]] alifunga bao zote nne za mechi hizo mbili: pia alikuwa alishikilia usukani kwa kuwa na mabao tisa katika msimu huo na kuweka rekodi ya mechi ya kibnafsi hadi wa leo. Miezi mitatu awali, Zaire ilikuwa taifa la kwanza la Afrika weusi kufuzu katika [[FIFA World Cup]]. Moroko iliweza kuchukua ushindi kwa mara yao ya kwanza katika ANC mwaka wa 1976 nchini Ethiopia na Ghana ilichukua ushindi mara ya tatu mwaka wa 1978,Katika mawka wa 1980 shindano hili lilifanyika Nigeria ambapo timu ya taifa ya Nigeria ililaza Algeria na kunyakuwa ushindi mara ya kwanza === 1980: Kutawala kwa Cameroon na Nigeria === Ghana iliweza kunyakua ubingwa mara ya nne mwaka wa 1982 baada ya; kushinda Algeria katika nusu fainali katika muda wa ziada, na kupatana na Libya kama mwenyeji katika fainali. Hii mechi iliisha sare ya bao 1-1 baada ya dakika 120 na Ghana ilishinda [[katika penalti]] na kunyakuwa taji. Kamerun iliweza kuchukuwa taji la kwanza miaka miwili baadaye kwa kushinda Nigeria .Shindano la mwaka wa [[1986]]ilikabiliana na Misri - watoro tangu fainali ya mwaka wa 1962 - Misri ilishinda kupituia penalti. Kamerun iliweza kushiriki katika fainali mara ya tatu mfululizo na kuchukua taji mara ya pili katika [[shindano]] la [[1988]]hii ni baada ya kurudia kuchapa Nigeria mwaka wa 1984. Mwaka wa 1990, Nigeria ilipoteza nafasi ya kuchukua taji walipojiandikisha katika fainali mara ya tatu baada ya kujitokeza katika shindano hili mara nne na kupigwa na Algeria . === 1990: Kuwasili kwa Afrika Kusini === Mwaka wa [[1992 Kombe la Mataifa ya]] lilipanua mipaka na kuongeza idadi ya washiriki katika fainali ya shindano hili hadi 12; Timu hizi ziligawanywa katika makundi manne Kila kundi lilikuwa na timu tatu ambapo timu mbili za juu katika kila kundi zilifaulu katika robo fainali. [[Mjchezaji wa Ghana]] wa katikati kwa majina kiungo Abedi "[[Pelé]]" Ayew ambaye alifunga bao tatu, alitiwa taji la mchezaji bora wa shindano hili mwaka huo baada ya mchango wake kusaidia Ghana kufuzu fainali; hata hivyo alisimamishwa kucheza mechi hiyo na Ghana kushindwa na Ivory Coast katika mikwaju ya penalty ambako kila pande ilijaribu mara 11 ili kutambua timu itakayoshinda. Cote d'Ivoire waliweza kuweka rekodi katika shindano hili kwa kushinda mechi sita bila kufungwa bao. Ule mpango wa timu 12, na tatu kila kundi kundi ulitumika tena miaka miwili baadaye, ambapo [[Tunisia iliyokuwa nyumbani]] iliwezwa kuondolewa katika shindano hili. [[Nigeria]], ambayo ilifaulu katika Kombe la Dunia kwa mara ya kwanza katika historia, ilishinda shindano hili baada ya, kuchapa [[Zambia]], ambayo mwaka kabla ilipatwa na msiba wa maafa ambapo wengi wa wachezaji wao waliaaga dunia katika ajali ya ndege wakielekea katika mchuano wa kufuzu katika kombe la dunia. Mchezaji wa mbele kutoka Nigeria , [[Rashidi Yekini]], aliyekuwa akiongoza kwa mabao wa 1992 aliweza kuongoza tena kwa mabao matano mwaka huo. [[Afrika ya Kusini]] iliweza kuwa mwenyeji wa shindano la 20 la [[ANC]] mwaka wa 1996, na kushiriki katika shindano hili mara ya kwanza baada ya kupewa fursa ya kushiriki katika shindano hili walipoacha ubaguzi.Pia walikuwa wamejaribu mwaka wa 1994 lakini hawakufuzu. Idadi ya washiriki katika fainali iliongezeka hadi timu 16 ambazo ziligawanywa katika makundi manne. Hata hivyo, idadi halisi ya timu zilizocheza katika fainali mara ilikuwa15 tu kwani Nigeriailijiondoa katika shkindano hili dakika ya mwisho kwa sababu za siasa katika nchi yao. [11] Timu ya Bafana Bafana iliweza kushinda taji kwa mara ya kwanza kwa kuwalaza Tunisia. Nahodha wa Afrika Kusini Neil Tovey ndiye aliyekuwa mchezaji mzungu wa kwanza kuskika kile kikombe. [13] Afika Kusini ingeweza kufika fainaliwa miaka miwili baadaye nchini Burkina Faso, lakini hawakuweza kutetea taji lao kwani, iliweza kunyakuwa ushindi kwa mara ya nne. === 2000:Ubingwa wa Kamerun ukifuatiwa na Egypt === Toleo la 2000 liliweza kufanyika Ghana na Nigeria, badala ya Zimbabwe kwa kuwa ilitoka sare ya 2-2 baada ya muda wa ziada katika fainali, Kamerun ilishinda Nigeria katika penalti. Mwaka wa 2002,timu ya Indomitable Lions ilipokea taji mara ya pili mfululizo kama Ghana ilivyofanya katika miaka ya 1960 baada ya Misri kufanya vivyo hivyo mwaka 1957 na 1959. Kupitia penalti, ya Kamerun ilishinda Senegal ambayo ilikuwa mara yao ya kwanza kucheza fainali, ambayo pia ilipata kushika nafasi katika Kombe la ulimwengu baadaye mwaka huo. Timu hizi mbili zilizofika fainali waliweza kutolewa katika robo fainali nchini Tunisia ambapo timu ya nchi hii ilipokea ubingwa baada ya kuchapa Moroko 2-1 katika fainali. Shindano la 2006 lilishindwa na, Misri ambayo ilikuwa nyumbani.Iliweza kuweka rekodi ya bara kwa kuwa washindi mara tano. Shindano la 2008 lilifanyika Ghana ambapo Misri waliweza kutetea ubingwa wao na kunenepesha rekodi na ushindi wa sita baada ya kuwalaza Kamerun 1-0 katika fainali. === Baadaye === Kabla ya [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika mwaka wa 2008]] vilabu vya ulaya viliomba kuwe na mabadiliko katika ratiba hiyo. Kwani shindano hili hufanyikan wakati sawa na michuano ya ulaya ambapo wachezaji wao wengi hawachezi kwani wako katika timu zao za nyumbani Katika Januari mwaka wa 2008, rais wa FIFA Sepp Blatter alitangaza kwamba yeye alitaka shindano kufanyika aidha Juni au Julai 2016, ilikuwa sambamba na kalenda ya kimataifa. Hii itasababisha shindano hili kutofanyika nchi nyingi katika Afrika ya kati na magharibi (kwani miezi hii huwa msimu wa mvua) na kama shindano hili litakuwa likifanyika miaka ilito sawa basi itabidi shindano hili kuskumwa katika miaka isiyo sawa ili kusiwe na mgogngano na shindano la kombe la dunia. == Fomati == === Kufuzu === Tangu 1962 kumekuwa na michuano ya kufuzu katika fainali. Kutoka 1962-1990 michuano hii ilikuwa na mechi za kurudiwa, na idadi ya raundi ilitegemea idadi ya timu zinazoshiriki Kuanzia 1994 kuendelea timu ambazo zina azma ya kufuzu hugawanywa katika makundi na kucheza na kila timu katika kundi iliyowekwa Mpaka mwaka wa 2006 ambako timu ya nchi ambapo shindano hili litafanyika na mabingwa tetezi zilifaulupapo Kwanzia mwaka wa 2008 timu itakayo fanya shindano hili ndio wanafuzu papo hapo.Fomati ya kufuzu katika shinano hili imekuwa ikibadilikabadilika .Kwanzia mwaka wa 2008 timu 11 ndizo zinazofuzu katika fainali ambazo zinagawanya katika makundi ambayo yana timu nne na moja timu tatu. Timu zinazoshinda katika kundi ndizo zinafaulu na timu tatu zingine ambazo zina rekodi nzuri == Taji == Katika historia ya Kombe la Mataifa, kumekuwa na aina tatu za taji ambazo zimepatianwa .Kombe la kwanza mbalo lilikuwa la fedha, lilijulikana kama '''" Kombe la Abdelaziz Abdallah Salem ",''' ambalo ilikuwa jina lake rais wa kwanza wa kutoka [[Misri]] jenuari [[Abdelaziz Abdallah Salem]]. Baada ya ushindi wa tatu katika Kombe la Mataifa [[Ghana]] iliweza kumiliki kombe hilo mwaka wa 1978.<ref name="BBC-Newtrophy"> {{Cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/1562471.stm | author=[[news.bbc.co.uk]] | publisher=[[BBC]] | title=Nations Cup trophy revealed | accessdate=16 Machi 2007}} </ref> Kombe la pili lilikuwa mwaka wa 1980-2000, na lilijulikana kama '''"nyara wa Umoja wa Afrika"''' au '''"African Unity Cup".''' <ref name="BBC-Newtrophy"/> lilitolewa na Baraza Kuu la Michezo ya Afrika kwa CAF mwaka wa 1980 kabla ya mashindano na lilikuwa ni kipande mviringo na [[pete ya Olimpiki]] ambayo ililalia ramani ya bara ya Afrika na lilikuwa na vishikilio vya Triangle. [[Kamerun]] iliweza kumiliki kombe hili baada ya kuchukua ubingwa mwaka wa 2000. Mwaka wa 2001,Toleo la tatu lilitokea, ambalo ni kombe la dhahabu lililoundwa nchini [[Italia]]. Kamerun, waliomiliki toleo la pili waliweza kuwa taifa la kwanza kushinda toleo hili. {{-}} == Matokeo == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" width="5%"|mwaka ! rowspan="2" width="10%"|Taifa mwenyeji ! colspan="3"|Fainali ! colspan="3"|Mechi ya nafasi ya Tatu |- ! width="15%"|Mshindi ! width="10%"|Bao ! width="15%"|Nafasi ya pili ! width="15%"|Nafasi ya Tatu ! width="10%"|Bao ! width="15%"|Nafasi ya nne |- | [[1957]] | {{Flag|Sudan|1956}} | '''{{Fb-big|Egypt|1952}}''' | '''4-0''' | {{Fb-big|Ethiopia|1897}} | {{Fb-big|Sudan|1956}} | colspan="2"|{{Fb|South Africa|1928}} awe hana ^{halali) (1)} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1959]] | {{Flag|Egypt}} | '''{{Fb-big|Egypt|1952}}''' | '''2-1''' ⁽²⁾ | {{Fb-big|Sudan|1956}} | {{Fb-big|Ethiopia|1897}} | colspan="2"|(timu tatu tu walishiriki) |- | [[1962]] | {{Flag|Ethiopia|1897}} | {{Fb-big|Ethiopia|1897}} | '''4-2''' <br />[[AET]] | {{Fb-big|Egypt|1952}} | {{Fb-big|Tunisia|old}} | '''3-0''' | {{Fb-big|Uganda}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1963]] | {{Flag|Ghana}} | '''{{Fb-big|Ghana}}''' | '''3-0''' | {{Fb-big|Sudan|1956}} | {{Fb-big|United Arab Republic}} | '''3-0''' | {{Fb-big|Ethiopia|1897}} |- | [[1965]] | {{Flag|Tunisia|old}} | '''{{Fb-big|Ghana|1964}}''' | '''3-2''' <br />[[AET]] | {{Fb-big|Tunisia|old}} | {{Fb-big|Cote d'Ivoire|name=Ivory Coast}} | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Senegal}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1968]] | {{Flag|Ethiopia|1897}} | '''{{Fb-big|Congo DR|1966}}''' | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} | {{Fb-big|Cote d'Ivoire|name=Ivory Coast}} | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Ethiopia|1897}} |- | [[1970]]'''' | {{Flag|Sudan|1956}} | '''{{Fb-big|Sudan|1956}}''' | '''3-2''' | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} | {{Fb-big|United Arab Republic}} | '''3-1''' | {{Fb-big|Cote d'Ivoire|name=Ivory Coast}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1972]]'''' | {{Flag|Cameroon|1961}} | '''{{Fb-big|Congo|1970}}''' | '''3-2''' | {{Fb-big|Mali}} | {{Fb-big|Cameroon|1961}} | '''5-2''' | {{Fb-big|Zaire}} |- | [[1974]] | {{Flag|Egypt|1972}} | '''{{Fb-big|Zaire}}''' | '''2-2''' [[AET]]<br /> '''2-0''' Replay | {{Fb-big|Zambia}} | {{Fb-big|Egypt|1972}} | '''4-0''' | {{Fb-big|Congo|1970}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1976]] | {{Flag|Ethiopia|1975}} | '''{{Fb-big|Morocco}}''' | '''1-1''' ⁽³⁾ | {{Fb-big|Guinea}} | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | '''3-2''' ⁽³⁾ | {{Fb-big|Egypt|1972}} |- | [[1978]] | {{Flag|Ghana}} | '''{{Fb-big|Ghana}}''' | '''2-0''' | {{Fb-big|Uganda}} | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | '''2-0''' ⁽⁴⁾ | {{Fb-big|Tunisia|old}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1980]]'''' | {{Flag|Nigeria}} | '''{{Fb-big|Nigeria}}''' | '''3-0''' | {{Fb-big|Algeria}} | {{Fb-big|Morocco}} | '''2-0''' | {{Fb-big|Egypt|1972}} |- | [[1982]]'''' | {{Flag|Libya|1977}} | '''{{Fb-big|Ghana}}''' | '''1-1''' [[AET]]<br />'''(7-6)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Libya|1977}} | {{Fb-big|Zambia}} | '''2-0''' | {{Fb-big|Algeria}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1984]]' | {{Flag icon|Côte d'Ivoire}} [[Ivory Coast]] | '''{{Fb-big|Cameroon}}''' | '''3-1''' | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | {{Fb-big|Algeria}} | '''3-1''' | {{Fb-big|Egypt|1972}} |- | [[1986]]'''' | {{Flag|Egypt}} | '''{{Fb-big|Egypt}}''' | '''0-0''' [[AET]]<br />'''(5-4)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Cameroon}} | {{Fb-big|Côte d'Ivoire}} | '''3-2''' | {{Fb-big|Morocco}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1988]] | {{Flag|Morocco}} | '''{{Fb-big|Cameroon}}''' | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | {{Fb-big|Algeria}} | '''1-1''' [[AET]]<br />'''(4 - 3)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Morocco}} |- | [[1990]]'''' | {{Flag|Algeria}} | '''{{Fb-big|Algeria}}''' | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | {{Fb-big|Zambia}} | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Senegal}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1992]]'''' | {{Flag|Senegal}} | '''{{Fb-big|Côte d'Ivoire}}''' | '''0-0''' [[AET]]<br />'''(11 - 10)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | '''2-1''' | {{Fb-big|Cameroon}} |- | [[1994]] | {{Flag|Tunisia}} | '''{{Fb-big|Nigeria}}''' | '''2-1''' | {{Fb-big|Zambia}} | {{Fb-big|Côte d'Ivoire}} | '''3-1''' | {{Fb-big|Mali}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1996]] | {{Flag|South Africa}} | '''{{Fb-big|South Africa}}''' | '''2-0''' | {{Fb-big|Tunisia|old}} | {{Fb-big|Zambia}} | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} |- | [[1998]] | {{Flag|Burkina Faso}} | '''{{Fb-big|Egypt}}''' | '''2-0''' | {{Fb-big|South Africa}} | {{Fb-big|Democratic Republic of the Congo|1997}} | '''4-4''' ⁽⁵⁾<br />'''(4 - 1)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Burkina Faso}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[2000]] | {{Flag|Ghana}} &amp;<br />{{Flag|Nigeria}} | '''{{Fb-big|Cameroon}}''' | '''2-2''' [[AET]]<br />'''(4 - 3)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | {{Fb-big|South Africa}} | '''2-2''' [[AET]]<br />'''(4 - 3)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Tunisia}} |- | [[2002]] | {{Flag|Mali}} | '''{{Fb-big|Cameroon}}''' | '''0-0''' [[AET]]<br />'''(3 - 2)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Senegal}} | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Mali}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[2004]] | {{Flag|Tunisia}} | '''{{Fb-big|Tunisia}}''' | '''2-1''' | {{Fb-big|Morocco}} | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | '''2-1''' | {{Fb-big|Mali}} |- | [[2006]] | {{Flag|Egypt}} | '''{{Fb-big|Egypt}}''' | '''0-0''' [[AET]]<br />'''(4 - 2)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Côte d'Ivoire}} | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Senegal}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[2008]] | {{Flag|Ghana}} | '''{{Fb-big|Egypt}}''' | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Cameroon}} | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} | '''4-2''' | {{Fb-big|Côte d'Ivoire}} |- | [[2010]] | {{Flag|Angola}} | '''{{Fb-big|Egypt}}''' | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Algeria}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[2012]] | {{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}}&amp;<br />{{Flag|Gabon}} | '''{{Fb-big|Zambia}}''' | '''0-0''' [[AET]]<br />'''(8 - 7)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Côte d'Ivoire}} | {{Fb-big|Mali}} | '''2-0''' | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} |- | [[2013]] | {{Flag|South Africa}} | '''{{Fb-big|Nigeria}}''' | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Burkina Faso}} | {{Fb-big|Mali}} | '''3-1''' | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[2015]] | {{Flag|Guinea ya Ikweta}} | '''{{Fb-big|Cote d'Ivoire}}''' | '''0-0''' [[AET]]<br />'''(9 - 8)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} | {{Fb-big|Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} | '''0-0''' [[AET]]<br />'''(4 - 2)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Guinea ya Ikweta}} |- | [[2017]] | {{Flag|Gabon}} | | | | | | |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[2019]] | {{Flag|Kamerun}} | | | | | | |- | [[2021]] | {{Flag|Cote d'Ivoire}} | | | | | | |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[2023]] | {{Flag|Guinea}} | | | | | | |} ⁽¹⁾ ''Mwaka wa 1957, {{Fb|RSA|1928}} haikuruhusiwa kucheza kutokana na ubaguzi [[ubaguzi]]''. <br /> ⁽²⁾ ''Katika mwaka 1959, timu zile tatu zilicheza mara ingine mmoja.'' ''Katika mchezo wa mwisho wa michuano, Misri's ilipata ushindi wa 2-1 dhidi ya Sudan kuwa mabingwa'' <br /> ⁽³⁾ ''Hakukuwa na mechi na fainali rasmi mwaka wa 1976, kwani timu nne bora katika kila kundi ndizo zliwaania taji hili.'' <br /> ⁽⁴⁾ ''Katika mwaka wa 1978, nafasi ya tatu ilinyakuliwa na Nigeria 2-0 baada Tunisia kujiuzulu wakiwa sare ya bao1-1 katika dakika 42.'' <br /> ⁽⁵⁾ ''Hakukuwa na muda wa ziada .'' * '''Key:''' ** <u>AET</u> - ''baada ya [[muda wa ziada]]'' ** <u>adhabu</u> - ''baada [[Penalti]]'' == Takwimu == === Nchi zilizoshinda Michuano Mingi === [[Picha:Africa cup of Nations champions as of 2008.svg|thumb|300px|Ramani wa idadi ya michuano ya Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] {| class="wikitable" |- !N ° !Ushindi !Taifa !Mwaka (s) |- | align="center"| 1 | Mara 7 | {{Fb|EGY}} | 1957, 1959, 1986, 1998, 2006, 2008, 2010 |- |rowspan="2" align="center"| 2 |rowspan="2"| Mara 4 | {{Fb|CMR}} | 1984, 1988, 2000, 2002 |- | {{Fb|GHA}} | 1963, 1965, 1978, 1982 |- | align="center"| 4 | Mara 3 | {{Fb|NGR}} | 1980, 1994, 2013 |- |rowspan="2" align="center"| 2 |rowspan="2"| Mara 2 | {{Fb|COD}} | 1968, 1974 |- | {{Fb|CIV}} | 1992, 2015 | {{Fb|ALG}} | 1990, 2020 |- |rowspan="9" align="center"| 6. |rowspan="9"| Mara 1 | {{Fb|ETH}} | 1962 |- | {{Fb|SUD}} | 1970 |- | {{Fb|CGO}} | 1972 |- | {{Fb|MAR}} | 1976 |- | {{Fb|RSA}} | 1996 |- | {{Fb|TUN}} | 2004 |- | {{Fb|ZAM}} | 2012 |} === Nchi zilizocheza fainali Nyingi === {| class="wikitable" |- |- | align="center"| '''7''' | {{Fb|EGY}}<br />{{Fb|GHA}} |- | align="center"| '''6.''' | {{Fb|CMR}}<br />{{Fb|NGA}} |- | align="center"| '''3''' | {{Fb|CIV}}<br />{{Fb|TUN}}<br />{{Fb|SUD}}<br />{{Fb|ZAM}}<br | />{{Fb|ALG}} |- | align="center"| '''2''' | {{Fb|ETH}}<br />{{Fb|MAR}}<br />{{Fb|RSA}}<br />{{Fb|COD}} (mara moja kama {{Fb|Zaire}} |- | align="center"| '''1''' | {{Fb|CGO}}<br />{{Fb|MLI}}<br />{{Fb|SEN}}<br />{{Fb|UGA}}<br />{{Fb|GUI}}<br />{{Fb|LBY}} |- |} === Michuano kuonekana === {| class="wikitable" |- !Kushiriki !Taifa |- | align="center"| '''22''' | {{Fb|EGY}} |- | align="center"| '''20''' | {{Fb|CIV}} |- | align="center"| '''19''' | {{Fb|GHA}} |- | align="center"| '''17''' | {{Fb|NGA}} |- | align="center"| '''16''' | {{Fb|CMR}}<br />{{Fb|COD}} (mara moja kama {{Fb|Zaire}} [[Congo-Kinshasa]] & [[Congo-Leopoldville)]]<br />{{Fb|TUN}}<br />{{Fb|ZAM}} |- | align="center"| '''15''' | {{Fb|ALG}}<br />{{Fb|MAR}} |- | align="center"| '''12''' | {{Fb|SEN}} |- | align="center"| '''10''' | {{Fb|ETH}}<br />{{Fb|GUI}} |- | align="center"| '''9''' | {{Fb|BFA}} (mara moja kama {{Fb|Upper Volta}}) |- | align="center"| '''8''' | {{Fb|MLI}}<br />{{Fb|RSA}}<br />{{Fb|SUD}} |- | align="center"| '''7''' | {{Fb|ANG}}<br />{{Fb|TOG}} |- | align="center"| '''6.''' | {{Fb|CGO}} |- | align="center"| '''5''' | {{Fb|GAB}}<br />{{Fb|KEN}}<br />{{Fb|UGA}} |- | align="center"| '''4''' | {{Fb|MOZ}} |- | align="center"| '''3''' | {{Fb|BEN}}<br />{{Fb|LBY}} |- | align="center"| '''2''' | {{Fb|LBR}}<br />{{Fb|MWI}}<br />{{Fb|NAM}}<br />{{Fb|NER}}<br />{{Fb|SLE}}<br />{{Fb|ZIM}} |- | align="center"| '''1''' | {{Fb|BWA}}<br />{{fb|CPV}}<br />{{Fb|EQG}}<br />{{Fb|MRI}}<br />{{Fb|RWA}}<br />{{Fb|TAN}} |- |} === Nchi ambazo shindano hili limehudhuriwa kwa wingi === {| class="wikitable" |- !Majeshi !Taifa !Mwaka (s) |- | rowspan="2" align="center"| Mara 4 | {{Fb|EGY}} | 1959, 1974, 1986, 2006 |- | {{Fb|GHA}} | 1963, 1978, 2000 ^, 2008 |- | rowspan="2" align="center"| Mara 3 | {{Fb|ETH}} | 1962, 1968, 1976 |- | {{Fb|TUN}} | 1965, 1994, 2004 |- | rowspan="2" align="center"| Mara 2 | {{Fb|SUD}} | 1957, 1970 |- | {{Fb|NGA}} | 1980, 2000 ^ |- | rowspan="12" align="center"| Mara 1 | {{Fb|CMR}} | 1972 |- | {{Fb|LBY}} | 1982 |- | {{Fb|CIV}} | 1984 |- | {{Fb|ALG}} | 1990 |- | {{Fb|MAR}} | 1988 |- | {{Fb|SEN}} | 1992 |- | {{Fb|RSA}} | mwaka wa (1996). |- | {{Fb|BFA}} | 1998 |- | {{Fb|MLI}} | 2002 |- | {{Fb|ANG}} | 2010 |- | {{Fb|MLI}} | 2012 ^ |- | {{Fb|EQG}} | 2012 ^ |} '''Mengine baadaye majeshi:''' :{{Fb|MAR}} (2015) ::{{Fb|LBY}} (2017) * ^ Co-majeshi === Wachezaji walio na bao nyingi === {| class="wikitable" |- !Mabao !Scorers |- |18||{{Flag icon|Cameroon}} [[Samuel Eto'o]] |- |14||{{Flag icon|Côte d'Ivoire}} [[Laurent Pokou]] |- |13||{{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Rashidi Yekini]] |- |12||{{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Hassan El-Shazly]] |- |11 |{{Flag icon|Cameroon}} [[Patrick Mboma]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Hossam Hassan]] |- |10 |{{Flag icon|COD}} [[Ndaye Mulamba]], {{Flag icon|Côte d'Ivoire}} [[Didier Drogba]], {{Flag icon|Côte d'Ivoire}} [[Joel Tiéhi]], {{Flag icon|Ethiopia}} [[Mengistu Worku]], {{Flag icon|Tunisia}} [[Francileudo Santos]], {{Flag icon|Zambia}} [[Kalusha Bwalya]] |- |9 |{{Flag icon|Côte d'Ivoire}} [[Abdoulaye Traoré (Côte d'Ivoire footballer)|Abdoulaye Traoré]] |- |8 |{{Flag icon|Angola}} [[Manucho]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Ahmed Hassan]], {{Flag icon|Ghana}} [[Wilberforce Mfum]], {{Flag icon|Guinea}} [[Pascal Feindouno]] |- |7 |{{Flag icon|Angola}} [[Flávio Amado|Flávio]], {{Flag icon|Cameroon}} [[Roger Milla]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Taher Abouzaid]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Ali Abo Greisha]], {{Flag icon|Mali}} [[Frédéric Kanouté]], {{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Jay-Jay Okocha]], {{Flag icon|South Africa}} [[Benni McCarthy]], {{Flag icon|Zambia}} [[Christopher Katongo]] |- |6 |{{Flag icon|COD}} [[Mayanga Maku]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Mohamed Aboutreika]], {{Flag icon|Ghana}} [[George Alhassan]], {{Flag icon|Ghana}} [[Abedi Pele]], {{Flag icon|Morocco}} [[Ahmed Faras]], {{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Julius Aghahowa]], {{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Segun Odegbami]], {{Flag icon|South Africa}} [[Shaun Bartlett]] |- |5 |{{Flag icon|Algeria}} [[Lakhdar Belloumi]], {{Flag icon|Algeria}} [[Rabah Madjer]], {{Flag icon|Algeria}} [[Djamel Menad]], {{Flag icon|CGO}} [[Jean-Michel M'Bono]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Hosny Abd Rabo]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Mohamed Ad-Diba]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Mohamed Nagy|Mohamed Nagy "Gedo"]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Amr Zaki]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Emad Moteab]], {{Flag icon|Ghana}} [[Asamoah Gyan]], {{Flag icon|Mali}} [[Fantamady Keita]],{{Flag icon|Mali}} [[Seydou Keita (footballer)|Seydou Keita]], {{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Muda Lawal]], {{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Peter Odemwingie]] |- |} === Wachezaji walio na bao nyingi kwa mwaka === {| class="wikitable" !mwaka !Player !Mabao |- | 1957 | {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Diab Mohammed Diab El-Attar (Ad-Diba)]] | align="center"|5 |- | 1959 | {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Mahmoud Al-Gohari]] | align="center"|3 |- | 1962 | {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Abdelfatah Badawi]] <br />{{Flag icon|ETH}} [[cadowga Worku]] | align="center"|3 |- | 1963 | {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Hassan El-Shazly]] | align="center"|6. |- | 1965 | {{Flag icon|GHA}} [[Ben Acheampong]] <br />{{Flag icon|GHA}} [[Osei Kofi]] <br />{{Flag icon|CIV}} [[Eustache Manglé]] | align="center"|3 |- | 1968 | {{Flag icon|CIV}} [[na Laurent Pokou]] | align="center"|6. |- | 1970 | {{Flag icon|CIV}} [[Laurent Pokou]] | align="center"|8 |- | 1972 | {{Flag icon|Mali}} [[Salif Keita]] | align="center"|5 |- | 1974 | {{Flag icon|Zaire}} [[Mulamba Ndaye]] | align="center"|9. |- | 1976 | {{Flag icon|GUI}} [[Keita Aliou Mamadou 'N'Jo lea']] | align="center"|4 |- | 1978 | {{Flag icon|UGA}} [[Philip Omondi]] <br />{{Flag icon|GHA}} [[Opoku Afriyie]] <br />{{Flag icon|NGA}} [[Segun Odegbami]] | align="center"|3 |- | 1980 | {{Flag icon|MAR}} [[Khaled Al Abyad Labied]] <br />{{Flag icon|NGA}} [[Segun Odegbami]] | align="center"|3 |- | 1982 | {{Flag icon|GHA}} [[George Alhassan]] | align="center"|4 |- | 1984 | {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Taher Abouzaid]] | align="center"|4 |- | 1986 | {{Flag icon|CMR}} [[Roger Milla]] | align="center"|4 |- | 1988 | {{Flag icon|ALG}} [[Lakhdar Belloumi]] <br />{{Flag icon|CMR}} [[Roger Milla]] <br />{{Flag icon|CIV}} [[Abdoulaye Traoré]] <br /> {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Gamal Abdelhamid]] | align="center"|2 |- | 1990 | {{Flag icon|ALG}} [[Djamel Menad]] | align="center"|4 |- | 1992 | {{Flag icon|NGA}} [[Rashidi Yekini]] | align="center"|4 |- | 1994 | {{Flag icon|NGA}} [[Rashidi Yekini]] | align="center"|5 |- | mwaka wa (1996). | {{Flag icon|ZAM}} [[Kalusha Bwalya]] <br />{{Flag icon|RSA}} [[Marko Williams]] | align="center"|5 |- | 1998 | {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Hossam Hassan]] <br />{{Flag icon|RSA}} [[Benedict McCarthy]] | align="center"|7 |- | 2000 | {{Flag icon|RSA}} [[Shaun Bartlett]] | align="center"|5 |- | 2002 | {{Flag icon|CMR}} [[Patrick Mboma]] <br />{{Flag icon|CMR}} [[René Salomon Olembe]] <br />{{Flag icon|NGA}} [[Julius Aghahowa]] | align="center"|3 |- | 2004 | {{Flag icon|CMR}} [[Patrick Mboma]] <br />{{Flag icon|Mali}} [[Frédéric Kanouté]] <br />{{Flag icon|MAR}} [[Youssef Mokhtari]] <br />{{Flag icon|NGA}} [[Jay-Jay Okocha]] <br />{{Flag icon|TUN}} [[Francileudo dos Santos]] | align="center"|4 |- | 2006 | {{Flag icon|CMR}} [[Samuel Eto'o]] | align="center"|5 |- | 2008 | {{Flag icon|CMR}} [[Samuel Eto'o]] | align="center"|5 |- |2010 | {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Mohamed Nagy|Gedo]] | align="center"|5 |- |2012 | {{Flag icon|GAB}} [[Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang]] <br />{{Flag icon|MLI}} [[Cheick Diabaté]] <br />{{Flag icon|CIV}} [[Didier Drogba]] <br />{{Flag icon|ZAM}} [[Christopher Katongo]] <br />{{Flag icon|MAR}} [[Houssine Kharja]] <br />{{Flag icon|ANG}} [[Manucho Gonçalves|Manucho]] <br />{{Flag icon|ZAM}} [[Emmanuel Mayuka]] | align="center"|3 |- |2013 | {{Flag icon|NGA}} [[Emmanuel Emenike]]<br/>{{Flag icon|GHA}} [[Wakaso Mubarak]] | align="center"|5 |} === Mkuu Takwimu === {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" |- !Pos.!!class="unsortable"|Timu!!Kushiriki!!Mshindi!!Pili!!Tatu!!Nne!!'''P'''!!'''W'''!!'''D'''!!'''L'''!!'''Pts.'''!!'''NI'''!!'''GC'''!!'''Tofauti''' |- |1||align=left|'''{{Fb|Egypt}}'''||'''22'''||'''7'''||1||3||'''3'''||'''90'''||'''51'''||15||24||'''168'''||'''154'''||84||'''+70''' |- |2||align=left|'''{{Fb|Nigeria}}'''||17||3||'''4'''||'''7'''||0||86||46||21||19||159||122||81||+41 |- |3||align=left|'''{{Fb|Ghana}}'''||19||4||'''4'''||1||'''3'''||83||46||16||21||154||111||71||+40 |- |4||align=left|'''{{Fb|Cameroon}}'''||16||4||2||1||1||71||37||20||14||131||110||67||+43 |- |5||align=left|'''{{Fb|Côte d'Ivoire}}'''||20||1||2||4||2||81||36||19||'''26'''||127||120||'''90'''||+30 |- |6||align=left|'''{{Fb|Zambia}}'''||16||1||2||3||0||64||26||18||20||96||79||66||+13 |- |7||align=left|'''{{Fb|Morocco}}'''||15||1||1||1||2||57||19||'''22'''||16||79||66||54||+12 |- |8||align=left|'''{{Fb|Tunisia}}'''||16||1||2||1||2||60||19||'''22'''||19||79||76||75||+1 |- |9||align=left|'''{{Fb|Algeria}}'''||15||1||1||2||2||60||20||18||22||78||69||72||-3 |- |10||align=left|'''{{Fb|COD}}'''||16||2||0||1||1||59||16||18||25||66||68||84||-16 |- |11||align=left|{{Fb|Senegal}}||12||0||1||0||'''3'''||46||15||11||20||56||52||46||+6 |- |12||align=left|{{Fb|Mali}}||8||0||1||2||'''3'''||40||15||11||14||56||51||56||-5 |- |13||align=left|'''{{Fb|South Africa}}'''||8||1||1||1||0||35||14||12||9||54||42||35||+7 |- |14||align=left|{{Fb|Guinea}}||10||0||1||0||0||35||11||12||12||45||52||51||+1 |- |15||align=left|'''{{Fb|Sudan}}'''||8||1||2||1||0||24||7||6||11||27||28||38||-10 |- |16||align=left|'''{{Fb|Ethiopia}}'''||10||1||1||1||2||27||7||3||17||24||29||61||-32 |- |17||align=left|{{Fb|Angola}}||7||0||0||0||0||23||4||10||9||22||29||37||-8 |- |18||align=left|'''{{Fb|Congo}}'''||6||1||0||0||1||22||5||6||11||21||21||34||-13 |- |19||align=left|{{Fb|Burkina Faso}}||9||0||1||0||1||32||4||9||19||21||29||55||-26 |- |20||align=left|{{Fb|Gabon}}||5||0||0||0||0||15||5||4||6||19||15||21||-6 |- |21||align=left|{{Fb|Togo}}||7||0||0||0||0||22||3||7||12||16||17||36||-19 |- |22||align=left|{{Fb|Libya}}||3||0||1||0||0||11||3||5||3||14||12||13||-1 |- |23||align=left|{{Fb|Uganda}}||5||0||1||0||1||16||3||1||12||10||17||31||-14 |- |24||align=left|{{Fb|Kenya}}||5||0||0||0||0||14||1||4||9||7||8||24||-16 |- |25||align=left|{{Fb|Equatorial Guinea}}||1||0||0||0||0||4||2||0||2||6||3||5||-2 |- |26||align=left|{{Fb|Zimbabwe}}||2||0||0||0||0||6||2||0||4||6||8||13||-5 |- |27||align=left|{{Fb|Cape Verde}}||1||0||0||0||0||4||1||2||1||5||3||4||-1 |- |28||align=left|{{Fb|Liberia}}||2||0||0||0||0||5||1||2||2||5||5||7||-2 |- |29||align=left|{{Fb|Rwanda}}||1||0||0||0||0||3||1||1||1||4||3||3||0 |- |30||align=left|{{Fb|Malawi}}||2||0||0||0||0||6||1||1||4||4||6||11||-5 |- |31||align=left|{{Fb|Sierra Leone}}||2||0||0||0||0||5||1||1||3||4||2||11||-9 |- |32||align=left|{{Fb|Namibia}}||2||0||0||0||0||6||0||2||4||2||9||18||-9 |- |33||align=left|{{Fb|Mozambique}}||4||0||0||0||0||12||0||2||10||2||4||26||-22 |- |34||align=left|{{Fb|Tanzania}}||1||0||0||0||0||3||0||1||2||1||3||6||-3 |- |35||align=left|{{Fb|Niger}}||2||0||0||0||0||6||0||1||5||1||1||8||-8 |- |36||align=left|{{Fb|Benin}}||3||0||0||0||0||9||0||1||8||1||4||20||-16 |- |37||align=left|{{Fb|Mauritius}}||1||0||0||0||0||3||0||0||3||0||2||8||-6 |- |38||align=left|{{Fb|Botswana}}||1||0||0||0||0||3||0||0||3||0||2||9||-7 |} == Tazama pia == {{Lango|Africa}} == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Masomo zaidi == * [http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Society/acup/History/091302000000000001.htm Historia ya kombe la Mataifa ya Africa tangu mwaka 1967] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Society/acup/History/091302000000000001.htm |date=20090121010659 }} (Misri State Information Service) == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.cafonline.com/ Confederation Africaine de Football] * [http://www.chelseafc.com/page/AfricanCupOfNations Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika habari kutoka Chelsea FC] * [http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/afrchamp.html Coverage kwa msingi rec.sport.soccer.statistics] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/3374029.stm Kihistoria Records kutoka BBC Sport] * [http://www.soccerworldinfo.com/competitiondetails.aspx?c=7 Soccer World Info Historia ya Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika] {{Wayback|url=http://www.soccerworldinfo.com/competitiondetails.aspx?c=7 |date=20120421175144 }} * [http://arogeraldes.blogspot.com/2011/10/2012-africa-cup-of-nations.html Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika Guinea ya Gabon - Ikweta 2012 - International football journalism] {{International football}} {{African Nations Cup}} {{Africa topics}} [[Jamii:Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mpira wa Miguu]] fc9im7je0h8ends5ckw1cm4imy813hv 1236808 1236797 2022-07-30T07:57:31Z BevoLJ 53014 /* Viungo vya nje */ + {{Navboxes}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football tournament | current = | logo = | founded = 1957 | number of teams = 16 | region = [[Africa]] ([[Confederation of African Football|CAF]]) | current champions = {{Fb|Cote d'Ivoire}} | most successful team= {{Fb|Egypt}} (7 titles) }} {{Wikinews|Egypt wins 2008 Africa Cup of Nations}} '''Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika''' ni [[shindano]] kuu la la [[soka]] la kimataifa katika [[Afrika]]. Shindano hili husimamiwa na [[Confederation of African Football]] (CAF), na lilichezwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka wa [[1957]]. Tangu mwaka wa 1968, shindano hili hufanyika baada ya miaka miwili. Wabingwa wa [[FIFA Confederations Cup]] walifuzu katika shindano hili. Katika mwaka wa 1957 kulikuwa na mataifa matatu yaliyoshiriki katika shindano hili ambayo ni: [[Misri]], [[Sudan]] na [[Ethiopia]]. [[Afrika ya Kusini]] walikuwa washiriki katika shindano hili lakini walizuiwa kutokana na sera za [[ubaguzi]] nchini humo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/cup_of_nations/1709599.stm</ref> Tangu wakati huo, mchuano huu umeenea, na kusababisha michuano ya kufuzu. Idadi ya walioshiriki katika fainali ya shindano hili ilifika 16 katika mwaka 1998 (timu 16 zilikuwa zishiriki katika shinano hili mwaka wa 1996 lakini Nigeria walijitoa na kubakia timu 15), na tangu wakati huo, imebaki kuwa timu 61 ndizo zinashiriki katika shindano hili. Timu hizi hugawanywa katika vikundi ambavyo kila kundi kina timu nne ambapo timu mbili bora katika kila kundi ndizo zinafaulu katika hatua ya ya pili. [[Misri]] ndiyo taifa lililofanikiwa zaidi katika historia kombe hili kwa kuwa na rekodi ya kushinda kombe hili mara sita. [[Ghana]] na [[Kamerun]] wameweza kunyakuwa ubingwa mara nne. Nyara tatu tofauti zimetunzwa katika historia ya shindano hili. [[Ghana]] na [[Kamerun]]wameshinda matoleo mawili ya kwanza baada ya kila timu kushinda shindano hili mara tatu mfululizo. Nyara iliyo sasa ilitunzwa mara ya kwanza mwaka wa 2002. == Historia == === 1950-60:uenezaji wa shindano la ANC === Chimbuko la Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika lilikuwa mnamo tarehe Juni 1956, wakati uundaji wa Confederation of African Football ulipendekezwa katika mkutano wa tatu wa bunge la [[FIFA]] mjini [[Lisbon]]. Kulikuwa na mipango ya haraka kwa mashindano ya mataifa ya bara kufanyika, na mwaka wa 1957 mwezi wa Februari shindano la [[kwanza]] la Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika lilifanyika mjini [[Khartoum]], [[Sudan]]. Hakukuwa na mechi za kufuzu katika shindano hili , kwani uwanja ulikuwa na mataifa manne ambao ndio wanzilishi wa CAF (Sudan, Misri, Ethiopia, na Afrika ya Kusini). Kukataa kwa Afrika ya Kusini kupeleka kikosi [[chenye wachezaji wa rangi tofauti]] katika ushindani kulisababisha wao kuadhibiwa na Ethiopia iliweza kufuzu katika fainali .<ref name="BBC-began"> {{Cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/cup_of_nations/1709599.stm | author=[[news.bbc.co.uk]] | publisher=[[BBC]] | title=African Nations Cup - How it all began | accessdate=9 Machi 2007}} </ref> Kutokana na tukio hilo mechi mbili ndizo zilizochezwa na Misri kuwa bingwa wa kwanza katika bara baada ya kushinda Sudan katika nusu fainali na Ethiopia katika fainali. Miaka miwili baadaye, Misri ndiyo ilikuwa mwenyeji wa pili wa ANC mjini [[Cairo]] ambapo timu zile tatu ndizo zilishiriki .Kama mwenyeji na bingwa tetezi Misri iliweza kushinda baada ya kuwalaza sudan katika fainali. Shindano hili lilienea na kuwa na timu tisa ambazo zilishiriki. Shindano hili la [[tatu]] la [[ANC mwaka 1962]]lilikuwa mjini [[Addis Ababa]], na kwa mara ya kwanza kulikuwa na mechi za kufuzu ambapo timu nne zilifuzu kupigania ubingwa. Ethiopia kama mwenyeji Misri kama bingwa tetezi zilipata fursa ya kufaulu mara moja, na kuungwa na Nigeria na Tunisia katika timu nne za mwisho zilizo waania ubingwa. Misri iliweza kucheza fainali kwa mara ya tatu lakini Ethiopia waliwezakushinda, baada ya kupiga Tunisia katika semifinali nakulaza Misri katika [[muda wa ziada]]. === 1960: Ghana utawala === Katika mwaka 1963, [[Ghana]] ilishiriki kwa mara ya kwanza katika shindano hili , na iliweza kunyakua ushindi baada ya kuilaza Sudan katika fainali. iliweza kunyakuwa ubingwa miaka miwili baadaye katika [[Tunisia]] -ikisawazisha na Misri kama bingwa wa misimu miwili - na kikosi ambacho kilikuwa na wachezaji wawili tu kutoka timu ya 1963.<ref name="BBC-1957-1978"> {{Cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/3396199.stm | author=[[news.bbc.co.uk]] | publisher=[[BBC]] | title=The early years | accessdate=9 Machi 2007}} </ref> [[katika shindano la 1968]] ilibidi mpango wa mchuano huo ubadilike na kuongeza hadi timu 8 zitakazo faulu kati ya timu 22 zilizofaulu katika raundi ya hapo awali. Timu zilizofaulu ziligawanyishwa katika makundi mawili kila kundi likiwa na timu nne ambazo zilicheza michezo ya mizunguko ambapo timu mbili bora zaidi katika kila kundi zilifaulu katika nusu fainali.Mfumo huu uliendelea kutumika katika fainali hadi mwaka wa 1992. [[Jamhuri]] ya [[Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] iliweza kushinda baada ya kuwachapa Ghana. Kuanzia mwaka wa 1968 shindano hili limekuwa likitendeka baada ya miaka miwili katika miaka iliyo sawa. Mchezaji wa mbele wa Ivory Coast, [[Laurent Pokou]] aliongoza kwa mabao katika michuano ya 1968 na 1970 kwa mabao sita mwaka wa 1968 na mabao nane katika mwaka wa 1970 na kuwa na mabao 14 kwa jumla na kushikilia rekodi kwa muda hadi 2008. Shindano hili liliweza kuonyehwa katika runinga mara ya kwanza mwaka wa 1970 likiwa nchini Sudan,<ref name="BBC-1957-1978"/> ambayo iliweza kuchukua taji baaada ya kuwashinda Ghana- iliyokuwa ikicheza fainaili ya nne mfululizo. === 1970: muongo wa mabingwa === Kati ya mwaka 1970-1980 mataifa sita mbalimbali yaliweza kushinda : [[Sudan]], [[Kongo-Brazzaville]], [[Zaire]], [[Moroko]], [[Ghana]], na [[Nigeria]]. Zaire ilishinda mara ya pili katika mwaka wa [[1974]] (ilishinda mara ya kwanza kama Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo) baada ya kupambana na Zambia katika fainali. Kwa muda hadi sasa katika historia ya ushindani, hii ndio mechi ya kipekee ambayo imerudiwa baada ya timu hizo mbili kutoka sare 2-2 baada ya muda wa ziada. Finali hii ilichezwa siku mbili baadaye na Zaire kuibuka washindi kwa 2-0. Mchezaji wa mbele wa Zaire , [[Mulamba Ndaye]] alifunga bao zote nne za mechi hizo mbili: pia alikuwa alishikilia usukani kwa kuwa na mabao tisa katika msimu huo na kuweka rekodi ya mechi ya kibnafsi hadi wa leo. Miezi mitatu awali, Zaire ilikuwa taifa la kwanza la Afrika weusi kufuzu katika [[FIFA World Cup]]. Moroko iliweza kuchukua ushindi kwa mara yao ya kwanza katika ANC mwaka wa 1976 nchini Ethiopia na Ghana ilichukua ushindi mara ya tatu mwaka wa 1978,Katika mawka wa 1980 shindano hili lilifanyika Nigeria ambapo timu ya taifa ya Nigeria ililaza Algeria na kunyakuwa ushindi mara ya kwanza === 1980: Kutawala kwa Cameroon na Nigeria === Ghana iliweza kunyakua ubingwa mara ya nne mwaka wa 1982 baada ya; kushinda Algeria katika nusu fainali katika muda wa ziada, na kupatana na Libya kama mwenyeji katika fainali. Hii mechi iliisha sare ya bao 1-1 baada ya dakika 120 na Ghana ilishinda [[katika penalti]] na kunyakuwa taji. Kamerun iliweza kuchukuwa taji la kwanza miaka miwili baadaye kwa kushinda Nigeria .Shindano la mwaka wa [[1986]]ilikabiliana na Misri - watoro tangu fainali ya mwaka wa 1962 - Misri ilishinda kupituia penalti. Kamerun iliweza kushiriki katika fainali mara ya tatu mfululizo na kuchukua taji mara ya pili katika [[shindano]] la [[1988]]hii ni baada ya kurudia kuchapa Nigeria mwaka wa 1984. Mwaka wa 1990, Nigeria ilipoteza nafasi ya kuchukua taji walipojiandikisha katika fainali mara ya tatu baada ya kujitokeza katika shindano hili mara nne na kupigwa na Algeria . === 1990: Kuwasili kwa Afrika Kusini === Mwaka wa [[1992 Kombe la Mataifa ya]] lilipanua mipaka na kuongeza idadi ya washiriki katika fainali ya shindano hili hadi 12; Timu hizi ziligawanywa katika makundi manne Kila kundi lilikuwa na timu tatu ambapo timu mbili za juu katika kila kundi zilifaulu katika robo fainali. [[Mjchezaji wa Ghana]] wa katikati kwa majina kiungo Abedi "[[Pelé]]" Ayew ambaye alifunga bao tatu, alitiwa taji la mchezaji bora wa shindano hili mwaka huo baada ya mchango wake kusaidia Ghana kufuzu fainali; hata hivyo alisimamishwa kucheza mechi hiyo na Ghana kushindwa na Ivory Coast katika mikwaju ya penalty ambako kila pande ilijaribu mara 11 ili kutambua timu itakayoshinda. Cote d'Ivoire waliweza kuweka rekodi katika shindano hili kwa kushinda mechi sita bila kufungwa bao. Ule mpango wa timu 12, na tatu kila kundi kundi ulitumika tena miaka miwili baadaye, ambapo [[Tunisia iliyokuwa nyumbani]] iliwezwa kuondolewa katika shindano hili. [[Nigeria]], ambayo ilifaulu katika Kombe la Dunia kwa mara ya kwanza katika historia, ilishinda shindano hili baada ya, kuchapa [[Zambia]], ambayo mwaka kabla ilipatwa na msiba wa maafa ambapo wengi wa wachezaji wao waliaaga dunia katika ajali ya ndege wakielekea katika mchuano wa kufuzu katika kombe la dunia. Mchezaji wa mbele kutoka Nigeria , [[Rashidi Yekini]], aliyekuwa akiongoza kwa mabao wa 1992 aliweza kuongoza tena kwa mabao matano mwaka huo. [[Afrika ya Kusini]] iliweza kuwa mwenyeji wa shindano la 20 la [[ANC]] mwaka wa 1996, na kushiriki katika shindano hili mara ya kwanza baada ya kupewa fursa ya kushiriki katika shindano hili walipoacha ubaguzi.Pia walikuwa wamejaribu mwaka wa 1994 lakini hawakufuzu. Idadi ya washiriki katika fainali iliongezeka hadi timu 16 ambazo ziligawanywa katika makundi manne. Hata hivyo, idadi halisi ya timu zilizocheza katika fainali mara ilikuwa15 tu kwani Nigeriailijiondoa katika shkindano hili dakika ya mwisho kwa sababu za siasa katika nchi yao. [11] Timu ya Bafana Bafana iliweza kushinda taji kwa mara ya kwanza kwa kuwalaza Tunisia. Nahodha wa Afrika Kusini Neil Tovey ndiye aliyekuwa mchezaji mzungu wa kwanza kuskika kile kikombe. [13] Afika Kusini ingeweza kufika fainaliwa miaka miwili baadaye nchini Burkina Faso, lakini hawakuweza kutetea taji lao kwani, iliweza kunyakuwa ushindi kwa mara ya nne. === 2000:Ubingwa wa Kamerun ukifuatiwa na Egypt === Toleo la 2000 liliweza kufanyika Ghana na Nigeria, badala ya Zimbabwe kwa kuwa ilitoka sare ya 2-2 baada ya muda wa ziada katika fainali, Kamerun ilishinda Nigeria katika penalti. Mwaka wa 2002,timu ya Indomitable Lions ilipokea taji mara ya pili mfululizo kama Ghana ilivyofanya katika miaka ya 1960 baada ya Misri kufanya vivyo hivyo mwaka 1957 na 1959. Kupitia penalti, ya Kamerun ilishinda Senegal ambayo ilikuwa mara yao ya kwanza kucheza fainali, ambayo pia ilipata kushika nafasi katika Kombe la ulimwengu baadaye mwaka huo. Timu hizi mbili zilizofika fainali waliweza kutolewa katika robo fainali nchini Tunisia ambapo timu ya nchi hii ilipokea ubingwa baada ya kuchapa Moroko 2-1 katika fainali. Shindano la 2006 lilishindwa na, Misri ambayo ilikuwa nyumbani.Iliweza kuweka rekodi ya bara kwa kuwa washindi mara tano. Shindano la 2008 lilifanyika Ghana ambapo Misri waliweza kutetea ubingwa wao na kunenepesha rekodi na ushindi wa sita baada ya kuwalaza Kamerun 1-0 katika fainali. === Baadaye === Kabla ya [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika mwaka wa 2008]] vilabu vya ulaya viliomba kuwe na mabadiliko katika ratiba hiyo. Kwani shindano hili hufanyikan wakati sawa na michuano ya ulaya ambapo wachezaji wao wengi hawachezi kwani wako katika timu zao za nyumbani Katika Januari mwaka wa 2008, rais wa FIFA Sepp Blatter alitangaza kwamba yeye alitaka shindano kufanyika aidha Juni au Julai 2016, ilikuwa sambamba na kalenda ya kimataifa. Hii itasababisha shindano hili kutofanyika nchi nyingi katika Afrika ya kati na magharibi (kwani miezi hii huwa msimu wa mvua) na kama shindano hili litakuwa likifanyika miaka ilito sawa basi itabidi shindano hili kuskumwa katika miaka isiyo sawa ili kusiwe na mgogngano na shindano la kombe la dunia. == Fomati == === Kufuzu === Tangu 1962 kumekuwa na michuano ya kufuzu katika fainali. Kutoka 1962-1990 michuano hii ilikuwa na mechi za kurudiwa, na idadi ya raundi ilitegemea idadi ya timu zinazoshiriki Kuanzia 1994 kuendelea timu ambazo zina azma ya kufuzu hugawanywa katika makundi na kucheza na kila timu katika kundi iliyowekwa Mpaka mwaka wa 2006 ambako timu ya nchi ambapo shindano hili litafanyika na mabingwa tetezi zilifaulupapo Kwanzia mwaka wa 2008 timu itakayo fanya shindano hili ndio wanafuzu papo hapo.Fomati ya kufuzu katika shinano hili imekuwa ikibadilikabadilika .Kwanzia mwaka wa 2008 timu 11 ndizo zinazofuzu katika fainali ambazo zinagawanya katika makundi ambayo yana timu nne na moja timu tatu. Timu zinazoshinda katika kundi ndizo zinafaulu na timu tatu zingine ambazo zina rekodi nzuri == Taji == Katika historia ya Kombe la Mataifa, kumekuwa na aina tatu za taji ambazo zimepatianwa .Kombe la kwanza mbalo lilikuwa la fedha, lilijulikana kama '''" Kombe la Abdelaziz Abdallah Salem ",''' ambalo ilikuwa jina lake rais wa kwanza wa kutoka [[Misri]] jenuari [[Abdelaziz Abdallah Salem]]. Baada ya ushindi wa tatu katika Kombe la Mataifa [[Ghana]] iliweza kumiliki kombe hilo mwaka wa 1978.<ref name="BBC-Newtrophy"> {{Cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/1562471.stm | author=[[news.bbc.co.uk]] | publisher=[[BBC]] | title=Nations Cup trophy revealed | accessdate=16 Machi 2007}} </ref> Kombe la pili lilikuwa mwaka wa 1980-2000, na lilijulikana kama '''"nyara wa Umoja wa Afrika"''' au '''"African Unity Cup".''' <ref name="BBC-Newtrophy"/> lilitolewa na Baraza Kuu la Michezo ya Afrika kwa CAF mwaka wa 1980 kabla ya mashindano na lilikuwa ni kipande mviringo na [[pete ya Olimpiki]] ambayo ililalia ramani ya bara ya Afrika na lilikuwa na vishikilio vya Triangle. [[Kamerun]] iliweza kumiliki kombe hili baada ya kuchukua ubingwa mwaka wa 2000. Mwaka wa 2001,Toleo la tatu lilitokea, ambalo ni kombe la dhahabu lililoundwa nchini [[Italia]]. Kamerun, waliomiliki toleo la pili waliweza kuwa taifa la kwanza kushinda toleo hili. {{-}} == Matokeo == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" width="5%"|mwaka ! rowspan="2" width="10%"|Taifa mwenyeji ! colspan="3"|Fainali ! colspan="3"|Mechi ya nafasi ya Tatu |- ! width="15%"|Mshindi ! width="10%"|Bao ! width="15%"|Nafasi ya pili ! width="15%"|Nafasi ya Tatu ! width="10%"|Bao ! width="15%"|Nafasi ya nne |- | [[1957]] | {{Flag|Sudan|1956}} | '''{{Fb-big|Egypt|1952}}''' | '''4-0''' | {{Fb-big|Ethiopia|1897}} | {{Fb-big|Sudan|1956}} | colspan="2"|{{Fb|South Africa|1928}} awe hana ^{halali) (1)} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1959]] | {{Flag|Egypt}} | '''{{Fb-big|Egypt|1952}}''' | '''2-1''' ⁽²⁾ | {{Fb-big|Sudan|1956}} | {{Fb-big|Ethiopia|1897}} | colspan="2"|(timu tatu tu walishiriki) |- | [[1962]] | {{Flag|Ethiopia|1897}} | {{Fb-big|Ethiopia|1897}} | '''4-2''' <br />[[AET]] | {{Fb-big|Egypt|1952}} | {{Fb-big|Tunisia|old}} | '''3-0''' | {{Fb-big|Uganda}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1963]] | {{Flag|Ghana}} | '''{{Fb-big|Ghana}}''' | '''3-0''' | {{Fb-big|Sudan|1956}} | {{Fb-big|United Arab Republic}} | '''3-0''' | {{Fb-big|Ethiopia|1897}} |- | [[1965]] | {{Flag|Tunisia|old}} | '''{{Fb-big|Ghana|1964}}''' | '''3-2''' <br />[[AET]] | {{Fb-big|Tunisia|old}} | {{Fb-big|Cote d'Ivoire|name=Ivory Coast}} | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Senegal}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1968]] | {{Flag|Ethiopia|1897}} | '''{{Fb-big|Congo DR|1966}}''' | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} | {{Fb-big|Cote d'Ivoire|name=Ivory Coast}} | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Ethiopia|1897}} |- | [[1970]]'''' | {{Flag|Sudan|1956}} | '''{{Fb-big|Sudan|1956}}''' | '''3-2''' | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} | {{Fb-big|United Arab Republic}} | '''3-1''' | {{Fb-big|Cote d'Ivoire|name=Ivory Coast}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1972]]'''' | {{Flag|Cameroon|1961}} | '''{{Fb-big|Congo|1970}}''' | '''3-2''' | {{Fb-big|Mali}} | {{Fb-big|Cameroon|1961}} | '''5-2''' | {{Fb-big|Zaire}} |- | [[1974]] | {{Flag|Egypt|1972}} | '''{{Fb-big|Zaire}}''' | '''2-2''' [[AET]]<br /> '''2-0''' Replay | {{Fb-big|Zambia}} | {{Fb-big|Egypt|1972}} | '''4-0''' | {{Fb-big|Congo|1970}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1976]] | {{Flag|Ethiopia|1975}} | '''{{Fb-big|Morocco}}''' | '''1-1''' ⁽³⁾ | {{Fb-big|Guinea}} | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | '''3-2''' ⁽³⁾ | {{Fb-big|Egypt|1972}} |- | [[1978]] | {{Flag|Ghana}} | '''{{Fb-big|Ghana}}''' | '''2-0''' | {{Fb-big|Uganda}} | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | '''2-0''' ⁽⁴⁾ | {{Fb-big|Tunisia|old}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1980]]'''' | {{Flag|Nigeria}} | '''{{Fb-big|Nigeria}}''' | '''3-0''' | {{Fb-big|Algeria}} | {{Fb-big|Morocco}} | '''2-0''' | {{Fb-big|Egypt|1972}} |- | [[1982]]'''' | {{Flag|Libya|1977}} | '''{{Fb-big|Ghana}}''' | '''1-1''' [[AET]]<br />'''(7-6)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Libya|1977}} | {{Fb-big|Zambia}} | '''2-0''' | {{Fb-big|Algeria}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1984]]' | {{Flag icon|Côte d'Ivoire}} [[Ivory Coast]] | '''{{Fb-big|Cameroon}}''' | '''3-1''' | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | {{Fb-big|Algeria}} | '''3-1''' | {{Fb-big|Egypt|1972}} |- | [[1986]]'''' | {{Flag|Egypt}} | '''{{Fb-big|Egypt}}''' | '''0-0''' [[AET]]<br />'''(5-4)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Cameroon}} | {{Fb-big|Côte d'Ivoire}} | '''3-2''' | {{Fb-big|Morocco}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1988]] | {{Flag|Morocco}} | '''{{Fb-big|Cameroon}}''' | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | {{Fb-big|Algeria}} | '''1-1''' [[AET]]<br />'''(4 - 3)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Morocco}} |- | [[1990]]'''' | {{Flag|Algeria}} | '''{{Fb-big|Algeria}}''' | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | {{Fb-big|Zambia}} | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Senegal}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1992]]'''' | {{Flag|Senegal}} | '''{{Fb-big|Côte d'Ivoire}}''' | '''0-0''' [[AET]]<br />'''(11 - 10)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | '''2-1''' | {{Fb-big|Cameroon}} |- | [[1994]] | {{Flag|Tunisia}} | '''{{Fb-big|Nigeria}}''' | '''2-1''' | {{Fb-big|Zambia}} | {{Fb-big|Côte d'Ivoire}} | '''3-1''' | {{Fb-big|Mali}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[1996]] | {{Flag|South Africa}} | '''{{Fb-big|South Africa}}''' | '''2-0''' | {{Fb-big|Tunisia|old}} | {{Fb-big|Zambia}} | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} |- | [[1998]] | {{Flag|Burkina Faso}} | '''{{Fb-big|Egypt}}''' | '''2-0''' | {{Fb-big|South Africa}} | {{Fb-big|Democratic Republic of the Congo|1997}} | '''4-4''' ⁽⁵⁾<br />'''(4 - 1)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Burkina Faso}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[2000]] | {{Flag|Ghana}} &amp;<br />{{Flag|Nigeria}} | '''{{Fb-big|Cameroon}}''' | '''2-2''' [[AET]]<br />'''(4 - 3)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | {{Fb-big|South Africa}} | '''2-2''' [[AET]]<br />'''(4 - 3)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Tunisia}} |- | [[2002]] | {{Flag|Mali}} | '''{{Fb-big|Cameroon}}''' | '''0-0''' [[AET]]<br />'''(3 - 2)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Senegal}} | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Mali}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[2004]] | {{Flag|Tunisia}} | '''{{Fb-big|Tunisia}}''' | '''2-1''' | {{Fb-big|Morocco}} | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | '''2-1''' | {{Fb-big|Mali}} |- | [[2006]] | {{Flag|Egypt}} | '''{{Fb-big|Egypt}}''' | '''0-0''' [[AET]]<br />'''(4 - 2)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Côte d'Ivoire}} | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Senegal}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[2008]] | {{Flag|Ghana}} | '''{{Fb-big|Egypt}}''' | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Cameroon}} | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} | '''4-2''' | {{Fb-big|Côte d'Ivoire}} |- | [[2010]] | {{Flag|Angola}} | '''{{Fb-big|Egypt}}''' | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} | {{Fb-big|Nigeria}} | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Algeria}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[2012]] | {{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}}&amp;<br />{{Flag|Gabon}} | '''{{Fb-big|Zambia}}''' | '''0-0''' [[AET]]<br />'''(8 - 7)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Côte d'Ivoire}} | {{Fb-big|Mali}} | '''2-0''' | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} |- | [[2013]] | {{Flag|South Africa}} | '''{{Fb-big|Nigeria}}''' | '''1-0''' | {{Fb-big|Burkina Faso}} | {{Fb-big|Mali}} | '''3-1''' | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[2015]] | {{Flag|Guinea ya Ikweta}} | '''{{Fb-big|Cote d'Ivoire}}''' | '''0-0''' [[AET]]<br />'''(9 - 8)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Ghana}} | {{Fb-big|Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} | '''0-0''' [[AET]]<br />'''(4 - 2)''' [[penalti]] | {{Fb-big|Guinea ya Ikweta}} |- | [[2017]] | {{Flag|Gabon}} | | | | | | |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[2019]] | {{Flag|Kamerun}} | | | | | | |- | [[2021]] | {{Flag|Cote d'Ivoire}} | | | | | | |- style="background:#D0E6FF" | [[2023]] | {{Flag|Guinea}} | | | | | | |} ⁽¹⁾ ''Mwaka wa 1957, {{Fb|RSA|1928}} haikuruhusiwa kucheza kutokana na ubaguzi [[ubaguzi]]''. <br /> ⁽²⁾ ''Katika mwaka 1959, timu zile tatu zilicheza mara ingine mmoja.'' ''Katika mchezo wa mwisho wa michuano, Misri's ilipata ushindi wa 2-1 dhidi ya Sudan kuwa mabingwa'' <br /> ⁽³⁾ ''Hakukuwa na mechi na fainali rasmi mwaka wa 1976, kwani timu nne bora katika kila kundi ndizo zliwaania taji hili.'' <br /> ⁽⁴⁾ ''Katika mwaka wa 1978, nafasi ya tatu ilinyakuliwa na Nigeria 2-0 baada Tunisia kujiuzulu wakiwa sare ya bao1-1 katika dakika 42.'' <br /> ⁽⁵⁾ ''Hakukuwa na muda wa ziada .'' * '''Key:''' ** <u>AET</u> - ''baada ya [[muda wa ziada]]'' ** <u>adhabu</u> - ''baada [[Penalti]]'' == Takwimu == === Nchi zilizoshinda Michuano Mingi === [[Picha:Africa cup of Nations champions as of 2008.svg|thumb|300px|Ramani wa idadi ya michuano ya Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] {| class="wikitable" |- !N ° !Ushindi !Taifa !Mwaka (s) |- | align="center"| 1 | Mara 7 | {{Fb|EGY}} | 1957, 1959, 1986, 1998, 2006, 2008, 2010 |- |rowspan="2" align="center"| 2 |rowspan="2"| Mara 4 | {{Fb|CMR}} | 1984, 1988, 2000, 2002 |- | {{Fb|GHA}} | 1963, 1965, 1978, 1982 |- | align="center"| 4 | Mara 3 | {{Fb|NGR}} | 1980, 1994, 2013 |- |rowspan="2" align="center"| 2 |rowspan="2"| Mara 2 | {{Fb|COD}} | 1968, 1974 |- | {{Fb|CIV}} | 1992, 2015 | {{Fb|ALG}} | 1990, 2020 |- |rowspan="9" align="center"| 6. |rowspan="9"| Mara 1 | {{Fb|ETH}} | 1962 |- | {{Fb|SUD}} | 1970 |- | {{Fb|CGO}} | 1972 |- | {{Fb|MAR}} | 1976 |- | {{Fb|RSA}} | 1996 |- | {{Fb|TUN}} | 2004 |- | {{Fb|ZAM}} | 2012 |} === Nchi zilizocheza fainali Nyingi === {| class="wikitable" |- |- | align="center"| '''7''' | {{Fb|EGY}}<br />{{Fb|GHA}} |- | align="center"| '''6.''' | {{Fb|CMR}}<br />{{Fb|NGA}} |- | align="center"| '''3''' | {{Fb|CIV}}<br />{{Fb|TUN}}<br />{{Fb|SUD}}<br />{{Fb|ZAM}}<br | />{{Fb|ALG}} |- | align="center"| '''2''' | {{Fb|ETH}}<br />{{Fb|MAR}}<br />{{Fb|RSA}}<br />{{Fb|COD}} (mara moja kama {{Fb|Zaire}} |- | align="center"| '''1''' | {{Fb|CGO}}<br />{{Fb|MLI}}<br />{{Fb|SEN}}<br />{{Fb|UGA}}<br />{{Fb|GUI}}<br />{{Fb|LBY}} |- |} === Michuano kuonekana === {| class="wikitable" |- !Kushiriki !Taifa |- | align="center"| '''22''' | {{Fb|EGY}} |- | align="center"| '''20''' | {{Fb|CIV}} |- | align="center"| '''19''' | {{Fb|GHA}} |- | align="center"| '''17''' | {{Fb|NGA}} |- | align="center"| '''16''' | {{Fb|CMR}}<br />{{Fb|COD}} (mara moja kama {{Fb|Zaire}} [[Congo-Kinshasa]] & [[Congo-Leopoldville)]]<br />{{Fb|TUN}}<br />{{Fb|ZAM}} |- | align="center"| '''15''' | {{Fb|ALG}}<br />{{Fb|MAR}} |- | align="center"| '''12''' | {{Fb|SEN}} |- | align="center"| '''10''' | {{Fb|ETH}}<br />{{Fb|GUI}} |- | align="center"| '''9''' | {{Fb|BFA}} (mara moja kama {{Fb|Upper Volta}}) |- | align="center"| '''8''' | {{Fb|MLI}}<br />{{Fb|RSA}}<br />{{Fb|SUD}} |- | align="center"| '''7''' | {{Fb|ANG}}<br />{{Fb|TOG}} |- | align="center"| '''6.''' | {{Fb|CGO}} |- | align="center"| '''5''' | {{Fb|GAB}}<br />{{Fb|KEN}}<br />{{Fb|UGA}} |- | align="center"| '''4''' | {{Fb|MOZ}} |- | align="center"| '''3''' | {{Fb|BEN}}<br />{{Fb|LBY}} |- | align="center"| '''2''' | {{Fb|LBR}}<br />{{Fb|MWI}}<br />{{Fb|NAM}}<br />{{Fb|NER}}<br />{{Fb|SLE}}<br />{{Fb|ZIM}} |- | align="center"| '''1''' | {{Fb|BWA}}<br />{{fb|CPV}}<br />{{Fb|EQG}}<br />{{Fb|MRI}}<br />{{Fb|RWA}}<br />{{Fb|TAN}} |- |} === Nchi ambazo shindano hili limehudhuriwa kwa wingi === {| class="wikitable" |- !Majeshi !Taifa !Mwaka (s) |- | rowspan="2" align="center"| Mara 4 | {{Fb|EGY}} | 1959, 1974, 1986, 2006 |- | {{Fb|GHA}} | 1963, 1978, 2000 ^, 2008 |- | rowspan="2" align="center"| Mara 3 | {{Fb|ETH}} | 1962, 1968, 1976 |- | {{Fb|TUN}} | 1965, 1994, 2004 |- | rowspan="2" align="center"| Mara 2 | {{Fb|SUD}} | 1957, 1970 |- | {{Fb|NGA}} | 1980, 2000 ^ |- | rowspan="12" align="center"| Mara 1 | {{Fb|CMR}} | 1972 |- | {{Fb|LBY}} | 1982 |- | {{Fb|CIV}} | 1984 |- | {{Fb|ALG}} | 1990 |- | {{Fb|MAR}} | 1988 |- | {{Fb|SEN}} | 1992 |- | {{Fb|RSA}} | mwaka wa (1996). |- | {{Fb|BFA}} | 1998 |- | {{Fb|MLI}} | 2002 |- | {{Fb|ANG}} | 2010 |- | {{Fb|MLI}} | 2012 ^ |- | {{Fb|EQG}} | 2012 ^ |} '''Mengine baadaye majeshi:''' :{{Fb|MAR}} (2015) ::{{Fb|LBY}} (2017) * ^ Co-majeshi === Wachezaji walio na bao nyingi === {| class="wikitable" |- !Mabao !Scorers |- |18||{{Flag icon|Cameroon}} [[Samuel Eto'o]] |- |14||{{Flag icon|Côte d'Ivoire}} [[Laurent Pokou]] |- |13||{{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Rashidi Yekini]] |- |12||{{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Hassan El-Shazly]] |- |11 |{{Flag icon|Cameroon}} [[Patrick Mboma]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Hossam Hassan]] |- |10 |{{Flag icon|COD}} [[Ndaye Mulamba]], {{Flag icon|Côte d'Ivoire}} [[Didier Drogba]], {{Flag icon|Côte d'Ivoire}} [[Joel Tiéhi]], {{Flag icon|Ethiopia}} [[Mengistu Worku]], {{Flag icon|Tunisia}} [[Francileudo Santos]], {{Flag icon|Zambia}} [[Kalusha Bwalya]] |- |9 |{{Flag icon|Côte d'Ivoire}} [[Abdoulaye Traoré (Côte d'Ivoire footballer)|Abdoulaye Traoré]] |- |8 |{{Flag icon|Angola}} [[Manucho]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Ahmed Hassan]], {{Flag icon|Ghana}} [[Wilberforce Mfum]], {{Flag icon|Guinea}} [[Pascal Feindouno]] |- |7 |{{Flag icon|Angola}} [[Flávio Amado|Flávio]], {{Flag icon|Cameroon}} [[Roger Milla]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Taher Abouzaid]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Ali Abo Greisha]], {{Flag icon|Mali}} [[Frédéric Kanouté]], {{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Jay-Jay Okocha]], {{Flag icon|South Africa}} [[Benni McCarthy]], {{Flag icon|Zambia}} [[Christopher Katongo]] |- |6 |{{Flag icon|COD}} [[Mayanga Maku]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Mohamed Aboutreika]], {{Flag icon|Ghana}} [[George Alhassan]], {{Flag icon|Ghana}} [[Abedi Pele]], {{Flag icon|Morocco}} [[Ahmed Faras]], {{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Julius Aghahowa]], {{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Segun Odegbami]], {{Flag icon|South Africa}} [[Shaun Bartlett]] |- |5 |{{Flag icon|Algeria}} [[Lakhdar Belloumi]], {{Flag icon|Algeria}} [[Rabah Madjer]], {{Flag icon|Algeria}} [[Djamel Menad]], {{Flag icon|CGO}} [[Jean-Michel M'Bono]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Hosny Abd Rabo]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Mohamed Ad-Diba]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Mohamed Nagy|Mohamed Nagy "Gedo"]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Amr Zaki]], {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Emad Moteab]], {{Flag icon|Ghana}} [[Asamoah Gyan]], {{Flag icon|Mali}} [[Fantamady Keita]],{{Flag icon|Mali}} [[Seydou Keita (footballer)|Seydou Keita]], {{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Muda Lawal]], {{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Peter Odemwingie]] |- |} === Wachezaji walio na bao nyingi kwa mwaka === {| class="wikitable" !mwaka !Player !Mabao |- | 1957 | {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Diab Mohammed Diab El-Attar (Ad-Diba)]] | align="center"|5 |- | 1959 | {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Mahmoud Al-Gohari]] | align="center"|3 |- | 1962 | {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Abdelfatah Badawi]] <br />{{Flag icon|ETH}} [[cadowga Worku]] | align="center"|3 |- | 1963 | {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Hassan El-Shazly]] | align="center"|6. |- | 1965 | {{Flag icon|GHA}} [[Ben Acheampong]] <br />{{Flag icon|GHA}} [[Osei Kofi]] <br />{{Flag icon|CIV}} [[Eustache Manglé]] | align="center"|3 |- | 1968 | {{Flag icon|CIV}} [[na Laurent Pokou]] | align="center"|6. |- | 1970 | {{Flag icon|CIV}} [[Laurent Pokou]] | align="center"|8 |- | 1972 | {{Flag icon|Mali}} [[Salif Keita]] | align="center"|5 |- | 1974 | {{Flag icon|Zaire}} [[Mulamba Ndaye]] | align="center"|9. |- | 1976 | {{Flag icon|GUI}} [[Keita Aliou Mamadou 'N'Jo lea']] | align="center"|4 |- | 1978 | {{Flag icon|UGA}} [[Philip Omondi]] <br />{{Flag icon|GHA}} [[Opoku Afriyie]] <br />{{Flag icon|NGA}} [[Segun Odegbami]] | align="center"|3 |- | 1980 | {{Flag icon|MAR}} [[Khaled Al Abyad Labied]] <br />{{Flag icon|NGA}} [[Segun Odegbami]] | align="center"|3 |- | 1982 | {{Flag icon|GHA}} [[George Alhassan]] | align="center"|4 |- | 1984 | {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Taher Abouzaid]] | align="center"|4 |- | 1986 | {{Flag icon|CMR}} [[Roger Milla]] | align="center"|4 |- | 1988 | {{Flag icon|ALG}} [[Lakhdar Belloumi]] <br />{{Flag icon|CMR}} [[Roger Milla]] <br />{{Flag icon|CIV}} [[Abdoulaye Traoré]] <br /> {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Gamal Abdelhamid]] | align="center"|2 |- | 1990 | {{Flag icon|ALG}} [[Djamel Menad]] | align="center"|4 |- | 1992 | {{Flag icon|NGA}} [[Rashidi Yekini]] | align="center"|4 |- | 1994 | {{Flag icon|NGA}} [[Rashidi Yekini]] | align="center"|5 |- | mwaka wa (1996). | {{Flag icon|ZAM}} [[Kalusha Bwalya]] <br />{{Flag icon|RSA}} [[Marko Williams]] | align="center"|5 |- | 1998 | {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Hossam Hassan]] <br />{{Flag icon|RSA}} [[Benedict McCarthy]] | align="center"|7 |- | 2000 | {{Flag icon|RSA}} [[Shaun Bartlett]] | align="center"|5 |- | 2002 | {{Flag icon|CMR}} [[Patrick Mboma]] <br />{{Flag icon|CMR}} [[René Salomon Olembe]] <br />{{Flag icon|NGA}} [[Julius Aghahowa]] | align="center"|3 |- | 2004 | {{Flag icon|CMR}} [[Patrick Mboma]] <br />{{Flag icon|Mali}} [[Frédéric Kanouté]] <br />{{Flag icon|MAR}} [[Youssef Mokhtari]] <br />{{Flag icon|NGA}} [[Jay-Jay Okocha]] <br />{{Flag icon|TUN}} [[Francileudo dos Santos]] | align="center"|4 |- | 2006 | {{Flag icon|CMR}} [[Samuel Eto'o]] | align="center"|5 |- | 2008 | {{Flag icon|CMR}} [[Samuel Eto'o]] | align="center"|5 |- |2010 | {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Mohamed Nagy|Gedo]] | align="center"|5 |- |2012 | {{Flag icon|GAB}} [[Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang]] <br />{{Flag icon|MLI}} [[Cheick Diabaté]] <br />{{Flag icon|CIV}} [[Didier Drogba]] <br />{{Flag icon|ZAM}} [[Christopher Katongo]] <br />{{Flag icon|MAR}} [[Houssine Kharja]] <br />{{Flag icon|ANG}} [[Manucho Gonçalves|Manucho]] <br />{{Flag icon|ZAM}} [[Emmanuel Mayuka]] | align="center"|3 |- |2013 | {{Flag icon|NGA}} [[Emmanuel Emenike]]<br/>{{Flag icon|GHA}} [[Wakaso Mubarak]] | align="center"|5 |} === Mkuu Takwimu === {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" |- !Pos.!!class="unsortable"|Timu!!Kushiriki!!Mshindi!!Pili!!Tatu!!Nne!!'''P'''!!'''W'''!!'''D'''!!'''L'''!!'''Pts.'''!!'''NI'''!!'''GC'''!!'''Tofauti''' |- |1||align=left|'''{{Fb|Egypt}}'''||'''22'''||'''7'''||1||3||'''3'''||'''90'''||'''51'''||15||24||'''168'''||'''154'''||84||'''+70''' |- |2||align=left|'''{{Fb|Nigeria}}'''||17||3||'''4'''||'''7'''||0||86||46||21||19||159||122||81||+41 |- |3||align=left|'''{{Fb|Ghana}}'''||19||4||'''4'''||1||'''3'''||83||46||16||21||154||111||71||+40 |- |4||align=left|'''{{Fb|Cameroon}}'''||16||4||2||1||1||71||37||20||14||131||110||67||+43 |- |5||align=left|'''{{Fb|Côte d'Ivoire}}'''||20||1||2||4||2||81||36||19||'''26'''||127||120||'''90'''||+30 |- |6||align=left|'''{{Fb|Zambia}}'''||16||1||2||3||0||64||26||18||20||96||79||66||+13 |- |7||align=left|'''{{Fb|Morocco}}'''||15||1||1||1||2||57||19||'''22'''||16||79||66||54||+12 |- |8||align=left|'''{{Fb|Tunisia}}'''||16||1||2||1||2||60||19||'''22'''||19||79||76||75||+1 |- |9||align=left|'''{{Fb|Algeria}}'''||15||1||1||2||2||60||20||18||22||78||69||72||-3 |- |10||align=left|'''{{Fb|COD}}'''||16||2||0||1||1||59||16||18||25||66||68||84||-16 |- |11||align=left|{{Fb|Senegal}}||12||0||1||0||'''3'''||46||15||11||20||56||52||46||+6 |- |12||align=left|{{Fb|Mali}}||8||0||1||2||'''3'''||40||15||11||14||56||51||56||-5 |- |13||align=left|'''{{Fb|South Africa}}'''||8||1||1||1||0||35||14||12||9||54||42||35||+7 |- |14||align=left|{{Fb|Guinea}}||10||0||1||0||0||35||11||12||12||45||52||51||+1 |- |15||align=left|'''{{Fb|Sudan}}'''||8||1||2||1||0||24||7||6||11||27||28||38||-10 |- |16||align=left|'''{{Fb|Ethiopia}}'''||10||1||1||1||2||27||7||3||17||24||29||61||-32 |- |17||align=left|{{Fb|Angola}}||7||0||0||0||0||23||4||10||9||22||29||37||-8 |- |18||align=left|'''{{Fb|Congo}}'''||6||1||0||0||1||22||5||6||11||21||21||34||-13 |- |19||align=left|{{Fb|Burkina Faso}}||9||0||1||0||1||32||4||9||19||21||29||55||-26 |- |20||align=left|{{Fb|Gabon}}||5||0||0||0||0||15||5||4||6||19||15||21||-6 |- |21||align=left|{{Fb|Togo}}||7||0||0||0||0||22||3||7||12||16||17||36||-19 |- |22||align=left|{{Fb|Libya}}||3||0||1||0||0||11||3||5||3||14||12||13||-1 |- |23||align=left|{{Fb|Uganda}}||5||0||1||0||1||16||3||1||12||10||17||31||-14 |- |24||align=left|{{Fb|Kenya}}||5||0||0||0||0||14||1||4||9||7||8||24||-16 |- |25||align=left|{{Fb|Equatorial Guinea}}||1||0||0||0||0||4||2||0||2||6||3||5||-2 |- |26||align=left|{{Fb|Zimbabwe}}||2||0||0||0||0||6||2||0||4||6||8||13||-5 |- |27||align=left|{{Fb|Cape Verde}}||1||0||0||0||0||4||1||2||1||5||3||4||-1 |- |28||align=left|{{Fb|Liberia}}||2||0||0||0||0||5||1||2||2||5||5||7||-2 |- |29||align=left|{{Fb|Rwanda}}||1||0||0||0||0||3||1||1||1||4||3||3||0 |- |30||align=left|{{Fb|Malawi}}||2||0||0||0||0||6||1||1||4||4||6||11||-5 |- |31||align=left|{{Fb|Sierra Leone}}||2||0||0||0||0||5||1||1||3||4||2||11||-9 |- |32||align=left|{{Fb|Namibia}}||2||0||0||0||0||6||0||2||4||2||9||18||-9 |- |33||align=left|{{Fb|Mozambique}}||4||0||0||0||0||12||0||2||10||2||4||26||-22 |- |34||align=left|{{Fb|Tanzania}}||1||0||0||0||0||3||0||1||2||1||3||6||-3 |- |35||align=left|{{Fb|Niger}}||2||0||0||0||0||6||0||1||5||1||1||8||-8 |- |36||align=left|{{Fb|Benin}}||3||0||0||0||0||9||0||1||8||1||4||20||-16 |- |37||align=left|{{Fb|Mauritius}}||1||0||0||0||0||3||0||0||3||0||2||8||-6 |- |38||align=left|{{Fb|Botswana}}||1||0||0||0||0||3||0||0||3||0||2||9||-7 |} == Tazama pia == {{Lango|Africa}} == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Masomo zaidi == * [http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Society/acup/History/091302000000000001.htm Historia ya kombe la Mataifa ya Africa tangu mwaka 1967] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Society/acup/History/091302000000000001.htm |date=20090121010659 }} (Misri State Information Service) == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.cafonline.com/ Confederation Africaine de Football] * [http://www.chelseafc.com/page/AfricanCupOfNations Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika habari kutoka Chelsea FC] * [http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/afrchamp.html Coverage kwa msingi rec.sport.soccer.statistics] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/3374029.stm Kihistoria Records kutoka BBC Sport] * [http://www.soccerworldinfo.com/competitiondetails.aspx?c=7 Soccer World Info Historia ya Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika] {{Wayback|url=http://www.soccerworldinfo.com/competitiondetails.aspx?c=7 |date=20120421175144 }} * [http://arogeraldes.blogspot.com/2011/10/2012-africa-cup-of-nations.html Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika Guinea ya Gabon - Ikweta 2012 - International football journalism] {{Navboxes | title = Viungo | list1 = {{International football}} {{African Nations Cup}} {{Africa topics}}}} [[Jamii:Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mpira wa Miguu]] i1jqxwhpxgetvxxpswatey9ta4ctiay 0 33298 1236799 1228849 2022-07-30T07:35:14Z BevoLJ 53014 - {{Fb}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox national football team | Name = Kenya | Badge = Kenya national team.png | Nickname = Harambee Stars | Association = [[Kenya Football Federation]] | Confederation = [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] ([[Africa]]) | Coach = [[Twahir Muhiddin]] | Most caps = | Top scorer = | Home Stadium = [[Moi International Sports Centre]] | FIFA Trigramme = KEN | FIFA Rank = 105 | FIFA max = 68 | FIFA max date = Desemba 2008 | FIFA min = 137 | FIFA min date = Julai 2007 | Elo Rank = 108 | pattern_la1=_greenborder|pattern_b1=_vneckblack|pattern_ra1=_greenborder | leftarm1=FF1200|body1=FF1200|rightarm1=FF1200|shorts1=2ABA23|socks1=FF1200 | pattern_la2=_blackline | pattern_b2=_adidas_snake_red_white_shoulder_stripes|pattern_ra2=_blackline | leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=000000|socks2=FFFFFF | First game ={{Flag icon|Kenya|colonial}} Kenya 1 - 1 {{Fb-rt|Uganda|colonial}}<br />([[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]; 1 Mei 1926) | Largest win ={{Flag icon|Kenya}} Kenya 10 - 0 {{Fb-rt|Zanzibar|Sultanate}}<br />([[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]; [[?]], [[1961]]) |Largest loss = {{Flag icon|Kenya}} Kenya 0 - 13 {{Fb-rt|Ghana|1964}}<br /><small>([[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]; 12 Desemba 1965)</small><ref name="Kenya International Matches">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesk/kenya-intres.html |title=Kenya International Matches |accessdate=2007-04-10 |date=1 Februari 2000 |work=Kenya International Matches |publisher=RSSSF}}</ref> | World cup apps = | World cup first = | World cup best = | Regional name = [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] | Regional cup apps = 5 | Regional cup first = [[1972 African Nations Cup|1972]] | Regional cup best = Round 1, all }} '''Timu ya taifa ya soka ya Kenya''', iitwayo ''Harambee Stars'' , ni [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[Kenya]] na imedhibitiwa na [[Shirikisho la Soka Kenya|Shirikisho la Soka]] la [[Kenya]]. Haijawahi kuhitimu kucheza katika [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA|Kombe]] la [[Dunia]]. ==Historia== Kenya imetokea katika mashindano matano ya [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Africa]], na haijawahi kamwe kufika raundi ya pili. Timu iliingia katika majaribio ya kufuzu katika kombe la dunia la [[FIFA]] mwaka 1974. Kufikia mwaka 2006, bado hawajahitimu michuano ya fainali. === Ahirisho la FIFA mwaka 2004 === [[FIFA]] iliahirisha Kenya kutoka shughuli zote za soka kwa miezi mitatu mwaka 2004, kutokana na kuingiliwa na serikali katika shughuli za soka. Marufuku mara yaliachwa baada ya nchi kuukubali kuunda sheria mpya.<ref name="FIFA suspends Kenya">[1] ^ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/6083796.stm FIFA yaahirisha Kenya] - news.bbc.co.uk - BBC michezo, [[BBC]], 25 Oktoba 2006.</ref> === Kupigwa marufuku ya kitaifa na FIFA mwaka 2006 === 25 Oktoba 2006, Kenya iliahirishwa tena kutoka soka ya kimataifa kwa kushindwa kutimiza mkataba wa Januari 2006 uliobuniwa kutatua matatizo yasioisha katika [[Shirikisho lao la Soka]] yao. [[FIFA]] ilitangaza kuwa ahirisho hilo lingetimizwa hadi shirikisho lirejee kwenye mikataba ya iliyofikiwa awali.<ref name="FIFA suspends Kenya"/><ref>[3] ^ [http://allafrica.com/stories/200610250031.html FIFA yaahirisha Kenya kwa muda usiojulikana ] - allAfrica.com - The East African Standard (Nairobi), 25 Oktoba 2006.</ref> ==Wachezaji maarufu== * [[Joe Kadenge]] * [[Joe Masiga]] * [[Jonathan Niva]] * [[Mike Origi]] ==Mafanikio ya soka Kenya== :'''[[Kombe la CECAFA:]]''' :: ::* Bingwa mara 5 [[(1975, 1981, 1982, 1983, 2002)]] ::* Kumaliza nafasi ya pili mara 4 ==Rekodi ya Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika== { || valign = "top" |* [[1957]] - ''Hawakuingia'' * [[1959]] - ''Hawakuingia'' * [[1962]] - ''Hawakuhitimu'' * [[1963]] - ''Walijitoa'' * [[1965-1970]] - ''Hawakuhitimu'' * [[1972]] - Zamu ya 1 * [[1974-1982]] - ''Hawakuhitimu'' * [[1984]] - ''Hawakuingia'' * [[1986]] - ''Hawakuhitimu'' | width="50"|&nbsp; | valign = "top" |* [[1988]] - Zamu ya 1 * [[1990]] - Zamu ya 1 * [[1992]] - Round 1 * [[1994]] - ''Hawakuhitimu'' * [[1996]] - ''aWalijitoa'' * [[1998-2002]] - ''Hawakuhitimu'' * [[2004]] - Zamu ya 1 * [[2006-2010]] - ''Hawakuhitimu'' |} ==Mameneja== * [http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/kenya-coach.html Asili: RSSSF] * {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Ray Bachelor]] 1961 * {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Jack Gibbons]] 1966 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Elijah Lidonde]] 1967 * {{Flag icon|GER}} [[Eckhard Krautzun]] 1971 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Jonathan Niva]] 1972 * {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Ray Wood]] 1975 * {{Flag icon|POL}} [[Grzegorz Polakow]] 1979 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Stephen Yongo]] 1979 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Marshall Mulwa]] 1980-83 * {{Flag icon|GER}} [[Bernhard Zgoll]] 1984 * {{Flag icon|GER}} [[Reinhard Fabisch]] 1987 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Christopher Makokha]] 1988 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Mohammed Kheri]] 1988-90 * {{Flag icon|AUT}} [[Gerry Saurer]] 1992 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Mohammed Kheri]] 1995 * {{Flag icon|Serbia and Montenegro}} [[Vojo Gardasevic]] 1996 * {{Flag icon|GER}} [[Reinhard Fabisch]] 1997 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Abdul Majid]] 1998 * {{Flag icon|NGA}} [[Christian Chukwu]] 1998 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[James Siang'a]] 1999-00 * {{Flag icon|GER}} [[Reinhard Fabisch]] 2001-02 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Joe Kadenge]] 2002 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Jacob "Ghost" Mulee]] 2003-04 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Twahir Muhiddin]] 2004-05 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Mohammed Kheri]] 2005 * {{Flag icon|FRA}} [[Bernard Lama]] 2006 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Tom Olaba]] 2006 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Jacob "Ghost" Mulee]] 2007-08 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Francis Kimanzi]] 2008-2009 * {{Flag icon|GER}} [[Antoine Hey]] 2009 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Twahir Muhiddin]] 2009 ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{International football}} {{CAF timu}} {{CECAFA football}} [[Jamii:Mpira wa Miguu]] [[Jamii:Kenya]] [[Jamii:Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda|Kenya]] 7xmsefaej2djrr9o72djm2pj8il0g58 1236809 1236799 2022-07-30T07:59:36Z BevoLJ 53014 /* Marejeo */ + {{Navboxes}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox national football team | Name = Kenya | Badge = Kenya national team.png | Nickname = Harambee Stars | Association = [[Kenya Football Federation]] | Confederation = [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] ([[Africa]]) | Coach = [[Twahir Muhiddin]] | Most caps = | Top scorer = | Home Stadium = [[Moi International Sports Centre]] | FIFA Trigramme = KEN | FIFA Rank = 105 | FIFA max = 68 | FIFA max date = Desemba 2008 | FIFA min = 137 | FIFA min date = Julai 2007 | Elo Rank = 108 | pattern_la1=_greenborder|pattern_b1=_vneckblack|pattern_ra1=_greenborder | leftarm1=FF1200|body1=FF1200|rightarm1=FF1200|shorts1=2ABA23|socks1=FF1200 | pattern_la2=_blackline | pattern_b2=_adidas_snake_red_white_shoulder_stripes|pattern_ra2=_blackline | leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=000000|socks2=FFFFFF | First game ={{Flag icon|Kenya|colonial}} Kenya 1 - 1 {{Fb-rt|Uganda|colonial}}<br />([[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]; 1 Mei 1926) | Largest win ={{Flag icon|Kenya}} Kenya 10 - 0 {{Fb-rt|Zanzibar|Sultanate}}<br />([[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]; [[?]], [[1961]]) |Largest loss = {{Flag icon|Kenya}} Kenya 0 - 13 {{Fb-rt|Ghana|1964}}<br /><small>([[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]; 12 Desemba 1965)</small><ref name="Kenya International Matches">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesk/kenya-intres.html |title=Kenya International Matches |accessdate=2007-04-10 |date=1 Februari 2000 |work=Kenya International Matches |publisher=RSSSF}}</ref> | World cup apps = | World cup first = | World cup best = | Regional name = [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] | Regional cup apps = 5 | Regional cup first = [[1972 African Nations Cup|1972]] | Regional cup best = Round 1, all }} '''Timu ya taifa ya soka ya Kenya''', iitwayo ''Harambee Stars'' , ni [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[Kenya]] na imedhibitiwa na [[Shirikisho la Soka Kenya|Shirikisho la Soka]] la [[Kenya]]. Haijawahi kuhitimu kucheza katika [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA|Kombe]] la [[Dunia]]. ==Historia== Kenya imetokea katika mashindano matano ya [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Africa]], na haijawahi kamwe kufika raundi ya pili. Timu iliingia katika majaribio ya kufuzu katika kombe la dunia la [[FIFA]] mwaka 1974. Kufikia mwaka 2006, bado hawajahitimu michuano ya fainali. === Ahirisho la FIFA mwaka 2004 === [[FIFA]] iliahirisha Kenya kutoka shughuli zote za soka kwa miezi mitatu mwaka 2004, kutokana na kuingiliwa na serikali katika shughuli za soka. Marufuku mara yaliachwa baada ya nchi kuukubali kuunda sheria mpya.<ref name="FIFA suspends Kenya">[1] ^ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/6083796.stm FIFA yaahirisha Kenya] - news.bbc.co.uk - BBC michezo, [[BBC]], 25 Oktoba 2006.</ref> === Kupigwa marufuku ya kitaifa na FIFA mwaka 2006 === 25 Oktoba 2006, Kenya iliahirishwa tena kutoka soka ya kimataifa kwa kushindwa kutimiza mkataba wa Januari 2006 uliobuniwa kutatua matatizo yasioisha katika [[Shirikisho lao la Soka]] yao. [[FIFA]] ilitangaza kuwa ahirisho hilo lingetimizwa hadi shirikisho lirejee kwenye mikataba ya iliyofikiwa awali.<ref name="FIFA suspends Kenya"/><ref>[3] ^ [http://allafrica.com/stories/200610250031.html FIFA yaahirisha Kenya kwa muda usiojulikana ] - allAfrica.com - The East African Standard (Nairobi), 25 Oktoba 2006.</ref> ==Wachezaji maarufu== * [[Joe Kadenge]] * [[Joe Masiga]] * [[Jonathan Niva]] * [[Mike Origi]] ==Mafanikio ya soka Kenya== :'''[[Kombe la CECAFA:]]''' :: ::* Bingwa mara 5 [[(1975, 1981, 1982, 1983, 2002)]] ::* Kumaliza nafasi ya pili mara 4 ==Rekodi ya Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika== { || valign = "top" |* [[1957]] - ''Hawakuingia'' * [[1959]] - ''Hawakuingia'' * [[1962]] - ''Hawakuhitimu'' * [[1963]] - ''Walijitoa'' * [[1965-1970]] - ''Hawakuhitimu'' * [[1972]] - Zamu ya 1 * [[1974-1982]] - ''Hawakuhitimu'' * [[1984]] - ''Hawakuingia'' * [[1986]] - ''Hawakuhitimu'' | width="50"|&nbsp; | valign = "top" |* [[1988]] - Zamu ya 1 * [[1990]] - Zamu ya 1 * [[1992]] - Round 1 * [[1994]] - ''Hawakuhitimu'' * [[1996]] - ''aWalijitoa'' * [[1998-2002]] - ''Hawakuhitimu'' * [[2004]] - Zamu ya 1 * [[2006-2010]] - ''Hawakuhitimu'' |} ==Mameneja== * [http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/kenya-coach.html Asili: RSSSF] * {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Ray Bachelor]] 1961 * {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Jack Gibbons]] 1966 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Elijah Lidonde]] 1967 * {{Flag icon|GER}} [[Eckhard Krautzun]] 1971 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Jonathan Niva]] 1972 * {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Ray Wood]] 1975 * {{Flag icon|POL}} [[Grzegorz Polakow]] 1979 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Stephen Yongo]] 1979 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Marshall Mulwa]] 1980-83 * {{Flag icon|GER}} [[Bernhard Zgoll]] 1984 * {{Flag icon|GER}} [[Reinhard Fabisch]] 1987 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Christopher Makokha]] 1988 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Mohammed Kheri]] 1988-90 * {{Flag icon|AUT}} [[Gerry Saurer]] 1992 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Mohammed Kheri]] 1995 * {{Flag icon|Serbia and Montenegro}} [[Vojo Gardasevic]] 1996 * {{Flag icon|GER}} [[Reinhard Fabisch]] 1997 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Abdul Majid]] 1998 * {{Flag icon|NGA}} [[Christian Chukwu]] 1998 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[James Siang'a]] 1999-00 * {{Flag icon|GER}} [[Reinhard Fabisch]] 2001-02 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Joe Kadenge]] 2002 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Jacob "Ghost" Mulee]] 2003-04 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Twahir Muhiddin]] 2004-05 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Mohammed Kheri]] 2005 * {{Flag icon|FRA}} [[Bernard Lama]] 2006 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Tom Olaba]] 2006 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Jacob "Ghost" Mulee]] 2007-08 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Francis Kimanzi]] 2008-2009 * {{Flag icon|GER}} [[Antoine Hey]] 2009 * {{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Twahir Muhiddin]] 2009 ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{Navboxes | title = Viungo | list1 = {{International football}} {{CAF timu}} {{CECAFA football}}}} [[Jamii:Mpira wa Miguu]] [[Jamii:Kenya]] [[Jamii:Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda|Kenya]] 1764l7368us5zsuuibsw7blgd0njp62 10 33309 1236779 1137388 2022-07-30T06:20:00Z BevoLJ 53014 - size, name, alts wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Tanzania | flag alias = Flag of Tanzania.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = TZA | redir2 = TAN | related1 = Tanganyika | related2 = Zanzibar </noinclude> }}<noinclude> [[Jamii:Vigezo vya Tanzania]] </noinclude> ikqbrxy2zotl0jbcho9rd0f04ksfl2m 0 33509 1236794 1201980 2022-07-30T07:32:01Z BevoLJ 53014 - {{Fb}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} [[Picha:FIFA_confederations_cup_2009_Teams.png|thumb|right|200px|Timu zinazoshiriki Kombe la Shirikisho la FIFA la 2009]] '''FIFA kombe la shirikisho la Mabara 2009''' lilikuwa kombe ka shirikisho la mara ya nane na lilifanyika [[Afrika ya Kusini]] kuanzia 14 Juni - 28 Juni [[2009]] likifatia [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] mwaka [[2010]]. Droo ilifanyika tarehe 22 Novemba [[2008]] kwenye ukumbi wa Sandton Convention Centre mjini Johannesburg. Mechi ya ufunguzi ilichezwa katika uwanja wa [[Coca-cola park]] mjini [[Johannesburg]]. [[Brazili]], ilishinda michuano hii ambapo walitetea kikombe ambacho walikinyakua tena mwaka [[2005]] kwa kuwafunga [[Marekani]] magoli 3-2 katika fainali. == Timu zinazoshiriki == {| class="wikitable" |- !Timu !Shirikisho !Kufuzu !Ushiriki |- | {{Fb|RSA}} | [[CAF]] | 2010 [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] mwenyeji | align="center"|2 |- | {{Fb|ITA}} | [[UEFA]] | 2006 [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] washindi | align="center"|1 |- | {{Fb|USA}} | [[CONCACAF]] | 2007 [[CONCACAF Gold Cup]] washindi | align="center"|4 |- | {{Fb|BRA}} | [[CONMEBOL]] | 2007 [[Copa América]] washindi | align="center"|6 |- | {{Fb|IRQ}} | [[AFC]] | 2007 [[AFC Asia Cup]] washindi | align="center"|1 |- | {{Fb|EGY}} | [[CAF]] | 2008 [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] washindi | align="center"|2 |- | {{Fb|ESP}} | [[UEFA]] | 2008 [[Uefa Euro]] washindi | align="center"|1 |- | {{Fb|NZL}} | [[OFC]] | 2008 [[Kombe la Mataifa]] washindi [[OFC]] | align="center"|3 |} {{-}} Droo ya mashindano ilifanyika tarehe 22 Novemba 2008 ''[[Sandton]] Convention Centre'' mjini [[Johannesburg]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/fsi/fsla/story/futbol?contentId=8832346|title=Quedan listos Grupos de Copa Confederaciones|publisher=Fox Sports|date=22 Novemba 2008|accessdate=2009-12-13|archivedate=2009-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611021638/http://msn.foxsports.com/fsi/fsla/story/futbol?contentId=8832346}}</ref> Kila timu ilikuwa inawakilishwa katika droo na mshindani wake katika [[Miss World]] 2008 isipokuwa kwa Iraq, ambayo iliwakilishwa na mrembo wa dunia 2007, [[Zhang Zilin]], kutoka Jamhuri ya Watu wa China. Timu ziligawanywa katika makundi miwili:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/media/newsid=955186.html|title=Confederations Cup ticket sale opens on 23 November|publisher=FIFA.com|date=21 Novemba 2008|accessdate=2009-12-13|archivedate=2009-01-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130062835/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/media/newsid=955186.html|https://web.archive.org/web/20090130062835/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/media/newsid=955186.html|=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130062835/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/media/newsid=955186.html}}</ref> * Kundi A: [[Afrika ya Kusini]] (kuwekwa kama Timu A1), [[Brazili]], [[Italia]], [[Uhispania]] * Kundi B: [[Misri]], [[Iraq]], [[New Zealand]], [[United States]] Timu kutoka shirikisho moja hawakupangwa katika kundi moja, basi [[Misri]] ilipangwa katika Kundi B. Pia kama matokeo, [[Italia]] na [[Uhispania]] walikuwa inayotolewa katika makundi mbalimbali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/7654552.stm|title= SA seeded for Confederations Cup|publisher=BBC Sport|date=6 Oktoba 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/fsi/fsla/story/futbol?contentId=8832360|title=España es el indiscutible favorito|publisher=Fox Sports|date=22 Novemba 2008|accessdate=2009-12-13|archivedate=2009-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611021253/http://msn.foxsports.com/fsi/fsla/story/futbol?contentId=8832360}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/fsi/fsla/story/futbol?contentId=8832370|title=Italia y Brasil en el mismo Grupo|publisher=Fox Sports|date=22 Novemba 2008}}</ref> == Kumbi == Miji minne ilitumika kama kumbi kwa 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/destination/cities/index.html |title=Host Cities |accessdate=9 Julai 2008 |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |date=9 Julai 2008 |archivedate=2015-07-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150719033435/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/destination/cities/index.html |=https://web.archive.org/web/20150719033435/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/destination/cities/index.html }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! [[Johannesburg]] ! [[Pretoria]] (Tshwane) ! [[Bloemfontein]] (Mangaung) ! [[Rustenburg]] |- | [[Coca-Cola Park 1|Coca-Cola Park ¹]] | [[Uwanja Loftus Versfeld]] | [[Uwanja wa State Stadium]] | [[Uwanja wa Bafokeng kifalme]] |- | Uwezo: '''62,567''' | Uwezo: '''50,000''' | Uwezo: '''48,000''' | Uwezo: '''42,000''' |- | [[Picha:View of Ellis Park.jpg|150px]] | [[Picha:Loftus-Stadion.JPG|150px]] | [[Picha:South Africa-Bloemfontein-Free State Stadium01.jpg|150px]] | [[Picha:Bafokeng.jpg|150px]] |} <small></small> <small>{{Fnb|1}} Kama uwanja wa Ellis Park.</small> <small></small> Awali, [[Uwanja wa Nelson Mandela Bay]] [[Port Elizabeth]] pia uliochaguliwa kama ukumbi pia. Hata hivyo, tarehe 8 Julai 2008, Port Elizabeth ilijitoa kama mji mwenyeji kwa sababu uwanja wake ulikuwa ukionyesha uwezekano wa kutokufikia 30 Machi 2009 mwisho kukamilika.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/organisation/media/newsid=823566.html |title=Port Elizabeth to wait until 2010 |accessdate=9 Julai 2008 |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |date=9 Julai 2008 |archivedate=2008-07-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080714044216/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/organisation/media/newsid=823566.html |https://web.archive.org/web/20080714044216/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/organisation/media/newsid=823566.html |=https://web.archive.org/web/20080714044216/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/organisation/media/newsid=823566.html }}</ref> Uwanaja wa Nelson Mandela Bay ulikamilika kabla ya kombe la shirikisho na ulifunguliwa 7 Juni 2009 Ulikuwa kama ukumbi kwa ajili ya [[2009 British and Irish Lions tour to South Africa]] tarehe 16 Juni. Viwanja vyote hivi vilikuwa mwenyeji wa mechi kipindi Lion tour lakini muda wa siku zisizopungua 9 ziliruhusiwa kwa ajili ya kuurudisha uwanja katika hali ya kawaida kwa ajili ya mechi za raga na mechi za kombe la shirikisho == Maafisa wa mechi == Waamuzi walitangazwa tarehe 5 Mei.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 Mei 2009 |title=FIFA appoints match officials |work=FIFA.com |location=[[Zürich]] |url=http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/media/newsid=1054745.html |accessdate=26 Mei 2009 |archivedate=2009-05-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509162716/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/media/newsid=1054745.html }}</ref> Timu mbili za waamuzi(wakiongozwa na [[Carlos Batres]] na [[Carlos Amarilla]] ) zilijitoa kutokana na majeraha. Badilisho kutoka shirikisho hilo, wakiongozwa na [[Benito Archundia]] na [[Pablo Pozo]], walichaguliwa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 Juni 2009 |title=Two referees replaced due to injury |work=FIFA.com |location=[[Zürich]] |url=http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/media/newsid=1066900.html |accessdate=6 Juni 2009 |archivedate=2009-06-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611154151/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/media/newsid=1066900.html }}</ref> {{Col-begin-small}} {{Col-2}} ; Afrika * {{Flag icon|BEN}} [[Coffi Codjia]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|TOG}} [[Komi Konyoh]], {{Flag icon|BEN}} [[Alexis Fassinou]] * {{Flag icon|SEY}} [[Eddy Maillet]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|CMR}} [[Evarist Menkouande]], {{Flag icon|TUN}} [[Bechir Hassani]] ; Asia * {{Flag icon|AUS}} [[Mathayo Breeze]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|AUS}} [[Mathayo Cream]], {{Flag icon|AUS}} [[Ben Wilson]] ; Europa * {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Howard Webb]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Petro Kirkup]], {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Michael Mullarkey]] * {{Flag icon|SWE}} [[Martin Hansson]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|SWE}} [[Fredrik Nilsson]], {{Flag icon|SWE}} [[Henrik Andrén]] {{Col-2}} * {{Flag icon|SUI}} [[Massimo Busacca]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|SUI}} [[Matthias Arnet]], {{Flag icon|SUI}} [[Francisco Buragina]] ;Amerika ya kaskazini, Amerika ya Kati na Caribbean * {{Flag icon|MEX}} [[Benito Archundia]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|MEX}} [[Marvin Torrentera]], {{Flag icon|CAN}} [[Hector Vergara]] ; Oceania * {{Flag icon|NZL}} [[Michael Hester]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|NZL}} [[Jan Hendrik-Hintz]], {{Flag icon|NZL}} [[Marko Rule]] ; Amerika ya Kusini * {{Flag icon|CHI}} [[Pablo Pozo]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|CHI}} [[Patricio Basualto]], {{Flag icon|CHI}} [[Francisco Mondria]] * {{Flag icon|URU}} [[Jorge Larrionda]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|URU}} [[Pablo Fandiño]], {{Flag icon|URU}} [[Mauricio ESPINOSA]] {{Col-end}} == Vikosi == {{Main|2009 FIFA Confederations Cup squads}} == Hatua vikundi == ==== Vigezo vya Tie-breaking ==== Nafasi ya kila timu katika kila kundi ilikuwa inapatikana kama ifuatavyo:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/86/49/87/fifa_cc2009_regulations_en.pdf |title=Regulations FIFA Confederations Cup South Africa 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com |date=Juni 2008 |accessdate=2009-12-13 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083239/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/86/49/87/fifa_cc2009_regulations_en.pdf |=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083239/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/86/49/87/fifa_cc2009_regulations_en.pdf }}</ref> a) idadi kubwa ya pointi zilizopatikana katika kundi katika mechi zote za kundi;<br /> b) Tofauti ya magoli katika mechi zote za kundi;<br /> c) idadi kubwa ya magoli yaliofungwa katika mechi zote za kundi. Kama timu mbili zimefanana katika vigezo vitatu vilivyotajwa hapo juu, nafasi zao katika kundi zilikuwa zinapatikana kama ifuatavyo: d) idadi kubwa ya pointi katika mechi za kundi kati ya timu zinazohusika;<br /> e) Tofauti ya magoli kutoka kwenye mechi za kundi kati ya timu husika;<br /> f) idadi kubwa ya magoli yaliyofungwa katika mechi zote za kundi kati ya timu zinazohusika;<br /> g) Droo ya kura ya maoni kamati ya maandalizi ya FIFA. === Kundi A === {{Main|2009 FIFA Confederations Cup Group A}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! width="175"|Timu ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|Pld|Played}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|W|Won}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|L|Lost}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|Pts|Points}} |- bgcolor="#ccffcc" | align="left"|{{Fb|ESP}} | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | (| [8] | 0 | (| [8] | '''9''' |- bgcolor="#ccffcc" | align="left"|{{Fb|RSA}} | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | '''4''' |- | align="left"|{{Fb|IRQ}} | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | -1 | '''2''' |- | align="left"|{{Fb|NZL}} | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 7 | -7 | '''1''' |} {|width=100% cellspacing=1 !width=25%| !width=10%| ! |- |14 Juni 2009 |- style=font-size:90% |align=right|'''{{Fb-rt|RSA}}'''||align=center|'''0 – 0'''||'''{{Fb|IRQ}}''' |- style=font-size:90% |align=right|'''{{Fb-rt|NZL}}'''||align=center|'''0 – 5'''||'''{{Fb|ESP}}''' |- |17 Juni 2009 |- style=font-size:90% |align=right|'''{{Fb-rt|ESP}}'''||align=center|'''1 – 0'''||'''{{Fb|IRQ}}''' |- style=font-size:90% |align=right|'''{{Fb-rt|RSA}}'''||align=center|'''2 – 0'''||'''{{Fb|NZL}}''' |- |20 Juni 2009 |- style=font-size:90% |align=right|'''{{Fb-rt|IRQ}}'''||align=center|'''0 – 0'''||'''{{Fb|NZL}}''' |- style=font-size:90% |align=right|'''{{Fb-rt|ESP}}'''||align=center|'''2 – 0'''||'''{{Fb|RSA}}''' |} === Kundi B === {{Main|2009 FIFA Confederations Cup Group B}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! width="175"|Timu ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|Pld|Played}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|W|Won}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|L|Lost}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|Pts|Points}} |- bgcolor="#ccffcc" | align="left"|{{Fb|BRA}} | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 3 | +7 | '''9''' |- bgcolor="#ccffcc" | align="left"|{{Fb|USA}} | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | -2 | '''3''' |- | align="left"|{{Fb|ITA}} | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 | -2 | '''3''' |- | align="left"|{{Fb|EGY}} | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 7 | -3 | '''3''' |} {| width="100%" cellspacing="1" |} !width = 10% | ! | -- | 15 Juni 2009 | - Style = font-size: 90% | align kulia = | {{Fb-rt|BRA}} | | align = center | '''4-3''' | | {{Fb|EGY}} | - Style = font-size: 90% | align = right | {{Fb-rt|USA}} | | align = center | '''1-3''' | | {{Fb|ITA}} | -- | 18 Juni 2009 | - Style = font-size: 90% | align = right | {{Fb-rt|USA}} | | align = center | '''0-3''' | | {{Fb|BRA}} | - Style = font-size: 90% | align = right | {{Fb-rt|EGY}} | | align = center | '''1-0''' | | {{Fb|ITA}} | -- | 21 Juni 2009 | - Style = font-size: 90% | align = right | {{Fb-rt|ITA}} | | align = center | '''0-3''' | | {{Fb|BRA}} | - Style = font-size: 90% | align = right | {{Fb-rt|EGY}} | | align = center | '''0-3''' | | {{Fb|USA}} |) == hatua Knockout == {{Main|2009 FIFA Confederations Cup knockout stage}} {{Round4-with third <!-- Date-Venue|Team 1|Score 1|Team 2|Score 2 --> <!-- semi-finals --> |24 Juni – [[Bloemfontein]]|{{Fb|ESP}}|0|'''{{Fb|USA}}'''|'''2''' |25 Juni – [[Johannesburg]]|'''{{Fb|BRA}}'''|'''1'''|{{Fb|RSA}}|0 <!-- final --> |28 Juni – [[Johannesburg]]|{{Fb|USA}}|2|'''{{Fb|BRA}}'''|'''3''' <!-- third place --> |28 Juni – [[Rustenburg]]|'''{{Fb|ESP}}''' ([[Extra time|a.e.t.]])|'''3'''|{{Fb|RSA}}|2 }} === Nusu fainali === {{Footballbox |date = 24 Juni 2009 |time = 20:30 [[South African Standard Time|SAST]] |team1 = {{Fb-rt|ESP}} |score = 0 – 2 |report = [http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/matches/round=250120/match=66213/report.html (Report)] |team2 = {{Fb|USA}} |goals2 = [[Jozy Altidore|Altidore]] {{Goal|27}}<br />[[Clint Dempsey|Dempsey]] {{Goal|74}}<br />[[Michael Bradley|Bradley]] {{Sent off|0|87}} |stadium = [[Free State Stadium]], [[Bloemfontein]] |attendance = 35,369 |referee = [[Jorge Larrionda]] ([[Asociación Uruguaya de Fútbol|Uruguay]]) }} ---- {{Footballbox |date = 25 Juni 2009 |time = 20:30 [[South African Standard Time|SAST]] |team1 = {{Fb-rt|BRA}} |score = 1 – 0 |report = [http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/matches/round=250120/match=66214/report.html (Report)] |team2 = {{Fb|RSA}} |goals1 = [[Daniel Alves|Alves]] {{Goal|88}} |stadium = [[Coca-Cola Park (Johannesburg)|Coca-Cola Park]], [[Johannesburg]] |attendance = 48,049 |referee = [[Massimo Busacca]] ([[Swiss Football Association|Switzerland]]) }} === Mahali tatu match === {{Footballbox |date = 28 Juni 2009 |time = 15:00 [[South African Standard Time|SAST]] |team1 = {{Fb-rt|ESP}} |score = 3 – 2<br />([[Extra time|a.e.t.]]) |report = [http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/matches/round=250121/match=66212/report.html (Report)] |team2 = {{Fb|RSA}} |goals1 = [[Daniel Güiza|Güiza]] {{Goal|88||89}}<br />[[Xabi Alonso|Alonso]] {{Goal|107}} |goals2 = [[Katlego Mphela|Mphela]] {{Goal|73||90+3}} |stadium = [[Royal Bafokeng Stadium]], [[Rustenburg]] |attendance = 31,788 |referee = [[Matthew Breeze]] ([[Football Federation Australia|Australia]]) }} === Fainali === {{Main|2009 FIFA Confederations Cup Final}} {{Footballbox |date = 28 Juni 2009 |time = 20:30 [[South African Standard Time|SAST]] |team1 = {{Fb-rt|USA}} |score = 2 – 3 |report = [http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/matches/round=250122/match=66211/report.html (Report)] |team2 = {{Fb|BRA}} |goals1 = [[Clint Dempsey|Dempsey]] {{Goal|10}}<br />[[Landon Donovan|Donovan]] {{Goal|27}} |goals2 = [[Luís Fabiano]] {{Goal|46||74}}<br />[[Lúcio]] {{Goal|84}} |stadium = [[Coca-Cola Park (Johannesburg)|Coca-Cola Park]], [[Johannesburg]] |attendance = 52,291 |referee = [[Martin Hansson]] ([[Swedish Football Association|Sweden]]) }} {{Winners|fb|2009 Confederations Cup Winner|Brazil|Third}} == Tuzo == {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto" |- !Kikombe cha FIFA cha kucheza kwa usawa !Mshindi wa Mpira wa dhahabu !Mshindi wa Kiatu cha dhahabu !Mshindi wa Glavu za dhahabu |- | align="center"|{{Fb|BRA}} | align="center"|{{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Kaka]] | align="center"|{{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Luis Fabiano]] | align="center"|{{Flag icon|USA}} [[Tim Howard]] |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto" |- !Mpira wa Fedha !Mshindi wa kiatu cha dhahabu |- | align="center"|{{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Luis Fabiano]] | align="center"|{{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Fernando Torres]] |- !Mshindi wa mpira wa shaba !Mshindi wa kiatu cha shaba |- | align="center"|{{Flag icon|USA}} [[Clint Dempsey]] | align="center"|{{Flag icon|ESP}} [[David Villa]] |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto" |- |+ <td>[[FIFA.com]] Users 'Top 11 <ref>{{Cite news |title=Users pick Top 11 |url=http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=1077991.html |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |date=30 Juni 2009 |accessdate=30 Juni 2009 |archivedate=2009-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703060947/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=1077991.html }}</ref></td> |- !Mlinda mlango !Wazuiaji !VIUNGO !Washambuliaji |- | valign = top | {{Flag icon|USA}} [[Tim Howard]] | valign = top | {{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Joan Capdevila]]<br />{{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Carles Puyol]]<br />{{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Lúcio]]<br />{{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Maicon]] | valign = top | {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Kaka]]<br />{{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Mohamed Aboutrika]]<br />{{Flag icon|USA}} [[Clint Dempsey]] | valign = top | {{Flag icon|ESP}} [[David Villa]]<br />{{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Fernando Torres]]<br />{{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Luis Fabiano]] |} == Wafungaji == {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} ;magoli 5 * {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Luis Fabiano]] ;Magoli 3 * {{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Fernando Torres]] * {{Flag icon|ESP}} [[David Villa]] * {{Flag icon|USA}} [[Clint Dempsey]] ;Magoli 2 * {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Kaka]] * {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Mohamed Zidan]] * {{Flag icon|RSA}} [[Katlego Mphela]] * {{Flag icon|RSA}} [[Bernard Parker]] * {{Flag icon|ITA}} [[Giuseppe Rossi]] * {{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Daniel Guiza]] * {{Flag icon|USA}} [[Landon Donovan]] {{Col-2}} ;Goli 1 * {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Daniel Alves]] * {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Felipe Melo]] * {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Juan]] * {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Lúcio]] * {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Maicon]] * {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Robinho]] * {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Homos]] * {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Mohamed Shawky]] * {{Flag icon|ITA}} [[Daniele De Rossi]] * {{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Xabi Alonso]] * {{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Cesc Fabregas]] * {{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Fernando Llorente]] * {{Flag icon|USA}} [[Jozy Altidore]] * {{Flag icon|USA}} [[Michael Bradley]] * {{Flag icon|USA}} [[Charlie Davies]] ;Magoli yakujifunga * {{Flag icon|ITA}} [[Andrea Dossena]] (kwa Brazili) {{Col-end}} == Angalia Pia == * [[2010 FIFA World Cup]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo|2}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.fifa.com/confederationcup/index.html 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fifa.com/confederationcup/index.html |date=20090106032556 }} saa [[FIFA.]] Com {{2009 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{International football}} {{Use dmy dates|date=Septemba 2011}} {{DEFAULTSORT:FIFA Confederations Cup 2009}} [[Jamii:FIFA Kombe la shirikisho la Mabara 2009]] [[Jamii:Mpira wa Miguu]] [[Jamii:2009 nchini Afrika Kusini]] dzjqwkubyyrd2fdxzgqow78p3n1c971 1236803 1236794 2022-07-30T07:52:36Z BevoLJ 53014 /* Viungo vya nje */ + {{Navboxes}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} [[Picha:FIFA_confederations_cup_2009_Teams.png|thumb|right|200px|Timu zinazoshiriki Kombe la Shirikisho la FIFA la 2009]] '''FIFA kombe la shirikisho la Mabara 2009''' lilikuwa kombe ka shirikisho la mara ya nane na lilifanyika [[Afrika ya Kusini]] kuanzia 14 Juni - 28 Juni [[2009]] likifatia [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] mwaka [[2010]]. Droo ilifanyika tarehe 22 Novemba [[2008]] kwenye ukumbi wa Sandton Convention Centre mjini Johannesburg. Mechi ya ufunguzi ilichezwa katika uwanja wa [[Coca-cola park]] mjini [[Johannesburg]]. [[Brazili]], ilishinda michuano hii ambapo walitetea kikombe ambacho walikinyakua tena mwaka [[2005]] kwa kuwafunga [[Marekani]] magoli 3-2 katika fainali. == Timu zinazoshiriki == {| class="wikitable" |- !Timu !Shirikisho !Kufuzu !Ushiriki |- | {{Fb|RSA}} | [[CAF]] | 2010 [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] mwenyeji | align="center"|2 |- | {{Fb|ITA}} | [[UEFA]] | 2006 [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] washindi | align="center"|1 |- | {{Fb|USA}} | [[CONCACAF]] | 2007 [[CONCACAF Gold Cup]] washindi | align="center"|4 |- | {{Fb|BRA}} | [[CONMEBOL]] | 2007 [[Copa América]] washindi | align="center"|6 |- | {{Fb|IRQ}} | [[AFC]] | 2007 [[AFC Asia Cup]] washindi | align="center"|1 |- | {{Fb|EGY}} | [[CAF]] | 2008 [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] washindi | align="center"|2 |- | {{Fb|ESP}} | [[UEFA]] | 2008 [[Uefa Euro]] washindi | align="center"|1 |- | {{Fb|NZL}} | [[OFC]] | 2008 [[Kombe la Mataifa]] washindi [[OFC]] | align="center"|3 |} {{-}} Droo ya mashindano ilifanyika tarehe 22 Novemba 2008 ''[[Sandton]] Convention Centre'' mjini [[Johannesburg]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/fsi/fsla/story/futbol?contentId=8832346|title=Quedan listos Grupos de Copa Confederaciones|publisher=Fox Sports|date=22 Novemba 2008|accessdate=2009-12-13|archivedate=2009-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611021638/http://msn.foxsports.com/fsi/fsla/story/futbol?contentId=8832346}}</ref> Kila timu ilikuwa inawakilishwa katika droo na mshindani wake katika [[Miss World]] 2008 isipokuwa kwa Iraq, ambayo iliwakilishwa na mrembo wa dunia 2007, [[Zhang Zilin]], kutoka Jamhuri ya Watu wa China. Timu ziligawanywa katika makundi miwili:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/media/newsid=955186.html|title=Confederations Cup ticket sale opens on 23 November|publisher=FIFA.com|date=21 Novemba 2008|accessdate=2009-12-13|archivedate=2009-01-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130062835/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/media/newsid=955186.html|https://web.archive.org/web/20090130062835/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/media/newsid=955186.html|=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130062835/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/media/newsid=955186.html}}</ref> * Kundi A: [[Afrika ya Kusini]] (kuwekwa kama Timu A1), [[Brazili]], [[Italia]], [[Uhispania]] * Kundi B: [[Misri]], [[Iraq]], [[New Zealand]], [[United States]] Timu kutoka shirikisho moja hawakupangwa katika kundi moja, basi [[Misri]] ilipangwa katika Kundi B. Pia kama matokeo, [[Italia]] na [[Uhispania]] walikuwa inayotolewa katika makundi mbalimbali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/7654552.stm|title= SA seeded for Confederations Cup|publisher=BBC Sport|date=6 Oktoba 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/fsi/fsla/story/futbol?contentId=8832360|title=España es el indiscutible favorito|publisher=Fox Sports|date=22 Novemba 2008|accessdate=2009-12-13|archivedate=2009-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611021253/http://msn.foxsports.com/fsi/fsla/story/futbol?contentId=8832360}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/fsi/fsla/story/futbol?contentId=8832370|title=Italia y Brasil en el mismo Grupo|publisher=Fox Sports|date=22 Novemba 2008}}</ref> == Kumbi == Miji minne ilitumika kama kumbi kwa 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/destination/cities/index.html |title=Host Cities |accessdate=9 Julai 2008 |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |date=9 Julai 2008 |archivedate=2015-07-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150719033435/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/destination/cities/index.html |=https://web.archive.org/web/20150719033435/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/destination/cities/index.html }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! [[Johannesburg]] ! [[Pretoria]] (Tshwane) ! [[Bloemfontein]] (Mangaung) ! [[Rustenburg]] |- | [[Coca-Cola Park 1|Coca-Cola Park ¹]] | [[Uwanja Loftus Versfeld]] | [[Uwanja wa State Stadium]] | [[Uwanja wa Bafokeng kifalme]] |- | Uwezo: '''62,567''' | Uwezo: '''50,000''' | Uwezo: '''48,000''' | Uwezo: '''42,000''' |- | [[Picha:View of Ellis Park.jpg|150px]] | [[Picha:Loftus-Stadion.JPG|150px]] | [[Picha:South Africa-Bloemfontein-Free State Stadium01.jpg|150px]] | [[Picha:Bafokeng.jpg|150px]] |} <small></small> <small>{{Fnb|1}} Kama uwanja wa Ellis Park.</small> <small></small> Awali, [[Uwanja wa Nelson Mandela Bay]] [[Port Elizabeth]] pia uliochaguliwa kama ukumbi pia. Hata hivyo, tarehe 8 Julai 2008, Port Elizabeth ilijitoa kama mji mwenyeji kwa sababu uwanja wake ulikuwa ukionyesha uwezekano wa kutokufikia 30 Machi 2009 mwisho kukamilika.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/organisation/media/newsid=823566.html |title=Port Elizabeth to wait until 2010 |accessdate=9 Julai 2008 |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |date=9 Julai 2008 |archivedate=2008-07-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080714044216/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/organisation/media/newsid=823566.html |https://web.archive.org/web/20080714044216/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/organisation/media/newsid=823566.html |=https://web.archive.org/web/20080714044216/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/organisation/media/newsid=823566.html }}</ref> Uwanaja wa Nelson Mandela Bay ulikamilika kabla ya kombe la shirikisho na ulifunguliwa 7 Juni 2009 Ulikuwa kama ukumbi kwa ajili ya [[2009 British and Irish Lions tour to South Africa]] tarehe 16 Juni. Viwanja vyote hivi vilikuwa mwenyeji wa mechi kipindi Lion tour lakini muda wa siku zisizopungua 9 ziliruhusiwa kwa ajili ya kuurudisha uwanja katika hali ya kawaida kwa ajili ya mechi za raga na mechi za kombe la shirikisho == Maafisa wa mechi == Waamuzi walitangazwa tarehe 5 Mei.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 Mei 2009 |title=FIFA appoints match officials |work=FIFA.com |location=[[Zürich]] |url=http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/media/newsid=1054745.html |accessdate=26 Mei 2009 |archivedate=2009-05-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509162716/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/media/newsid=1054745.html }}</ref> Timu mbili za waamuzi(wakiongozwa na [[Carlos Batres]] na [[Carlos Amarilla]] ) zilijitoa kutokana na majeraha. Badilisho kutoka shirikisho hilo, wakiongozwa na [[Benito Archundia]] na [[Pablo Pozo]], walichaguliwa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 Juni 2009 |title=Two referees replaced due to injury |work=FIFA.com |location=[[Zürich]] |url=http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/media/newsid=1066900.html |accessdate=6 Juni 2009 |archivedate=2009-06-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611154151/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/media/newsid=1066900.html }}</ref> {{Col-begin-small}} {{Col-2}} ; Afrika * {{Flag icon|BEN}} [[Coffi Codjia]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|TOG}} [[Komi Konyoh]], {{Flag icon|BEN}} [[Alexis Fassinou]] * {{Flag icon|SEY}} [[Eddy Maillet]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|CMR}} [[Evarist Menkouande]], {{Flag icon|TUN}} [[Bechir Hassani]] ; Asia * {{Flag icon|AUS}} [[Mathayo Breeze]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|AUS}} [[Mathayo Cream]], {{Flag icon|AUS}} [[Ben Wilson]] ; Europa * {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Howard Webb]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Petro Kirkup]], {{Flag icon|ENG}} [[Michael Mullarkey]] * {{Flag icon|SWE}} [[Martin Hansson]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|SWE}} [[Fredrik Nilsson]], {{Flag icon|SWE}} [[Henrik Andrén]] {{Col-2}} * {{Flag icon|SUI}} [[Massimo Busacca]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|SUI}} [[Matthias Arnet]], {{Flag icon|SUI}} [[Francisco Buragina]] ;Amerika ya kaskazini, Amerika ya Kati na Caribbean * {{Flag icon|MEX}} [[Benito Archundia]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|MEX}} [[Marvin Torrentera]], {{Flag icon|CAN}} [[Hector Vergara]] ; Oceania * {{Flag icon|NZL}} [[Michael Hester]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|NZL}} [[Jan Hendrik-Hintz]], {{Flag icon|NZL}} [[Marko Rule]] ; Amerika ya Kusini * {{Flag icon|CHI}} [[Pablo Pozo]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|CHI}} [[Patricio Basualto]], {{Flag icon|CHI}} [[Francisco Mondria]] * {{Flag icon|URU}} [[Jorge Larrionda]] ** Mwamuzi msaidizi: {{Flag icon|URU}} [[Pablo Fandiño]], {{Flag icon|URU}} [[Mauricio ESPINOSA]] {{Col-end}} == Vikosi == {{Main|2009 FIFA Confederations Cup squads}} == Hatua vikundi == ==== Vigezo vya Tie-breaking ==== Nafasi ya kila timu katika kila kundi ilikuwa inapatikana kama ifuatavyo:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/86/49/87/fifa_cc2009_regulations_en.pdf |title=Regulations FIFA Confederations Cup South Africa 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com |date=Juni 2008 |accessdate=2009-12-13 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083239/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/86/49/87/fifa_cc2009_regulations_en.pdf |=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083239/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/86/49/87/fifa_cc2009_regulations_en.pdf }}</ref> a) idadi kubwa ya pointi zilizopatikana katika kundi katika mechi zote za kundi;<br /> b) Tofauti ya magoli katika mechi zote za kundi;<br /> c) idadi kubwa ya magoli yaliofungwa katika mechi zote za kundi. Kama timu mbili zimefanana katika vigezo vitatu vilivyotajwa hapo juu, nafasi zao katika kundi zilikuwa zinapatikana kama ifuatavyo: d) idadi kubwa ya pointi katika mechi za kundi kati ya timu zinazohusika;<br /> e) Tofauti ya magoli kutoka kwenye mechi za kundi kati ya timu husika;<br /> f) idadi kubwa ya magoli yaliyofungwa katika mechi zote za kundi kati ya timu zinazohusika;<br /> g) Droo ya kura ya maoni kamati ya maandalizi ya FIFA. === Kundi A === {{Main|2009 FIFA Confederations Cup Group A}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! width="175"|Timu ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|Pld|Played}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|W|Won}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|L|Lost}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|Pts|Points}} |- bgcolor="#ccffcc" | align="left"|{{Fb|ESP}} | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | (| [8] | 0 | (| [8] | '''9''' |- bgcolor="#ccffcc" | align="left"|{{Fb|RSA}} | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | '''4''' |- | align="left"|{{Fb|IRQ}} | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | -1 | '''2''' |- | align="left"|{{Fb|NZL}} | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 7 | -7 | '''1''' |} {|width=100% cellspacing=1 !width=25%| !width=10%| ! |- |14 Juni 2009 |- style=font-size:90% |align=right|'''{{Fb-rt|RSA}}'''||align=center|'''0 – 0'''||'''{{Fb|IRQ}}''' |- style=font-size:90% |align=right|'''{{Fb-rt|NZL}}'''||align=center|'''0 – 5'''||'''{{Fb|ESP}}''' |- |17 Juni 2009 |- style=font-size:90% |align=right|'''{{Fb-rt|ESP}}'''||align=center|'''1 – 0'''||'''{{Fb|IRQ}}''' |- style=font-size:90% |align=right|'''{{Fb-rt|RSA}}'''||align=center|'''2 – 0'''||'''{{Fb|NZL}}''' |- |20 Juni 2009 |- style=font-size:90% |align=right|'''{{Fb-rt|IRQ}}'''||align=center|'''0 – 0'''||'''{{Fb|NZL}}''' |- style=font-size:90% |align=right|'''{{Fb-rt|ESP}}'''||align=center|'''2 – 0'''||'''{{Fb|RSA}}''' |} === Kundi B === {{Main|2009 FIFA Confederations Cup Group B}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! width="175"|Timu ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|Pld|Played}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|W|Won}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|L|Lost}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}} ! width="20"|{{Tooltip|Pts|Points}} |- bgcolor="#ccffcc" | align="left"|{{Fb|BRA}} | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 3 | +7 | '''9''' |- bgcolor="#ccffcc" | align="left"|{{Fb|USA}} | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | -2 | '''3''' |- | align="left"|{{Fb|ITA}} | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 | -2 | '''3''' |- | align="left"|{{Fb|EGY}} | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 7 | -3 | '''3''' |} {| width="100%" cellspacing="1" |} !width = 10% | ! | -- | 15 Juni 2009 | - Style = font-size: 90% | align kulia = | {{Fb-rt|BRA}} | | align = center | '''4-3''' | | {{Fb|EGY}} | - Style = font-size: 90% | align = right | {{Fb-rt|USA}} | | align = center | '''1-3''' | | {{Fb|ITA}} | -- | 18 Juni 2009 | - Style = font-size: 90% | align = right | {{Fb-rt|USA}} | | align = center | '''0-3''' | | {{Fb|BRA}} | - Style = font-size: 90% | align = right | {{Fb-rt|EGY}} | | align = center | '''1-0''' | | {{Fb|ITA}} | -- | 21 Juni 2009 | - Style = font-size: 90% | align = right | {{Fb-rt|ITA}} | | align = center | '''0-3''' | | {{Fb|BRA}} | - Style = font-size: 90% | align = right | {{Fb-rt|EGY}} | | align = center | '''0-3''' | | {{Fb|USA}} |) == hatua Knockout == {{Main|2009 FIFA Confederations Cup knockout stage}} {{Round4-with third <!-- Date-Venue|Team 1|Score 1|Team 2|Score 2 --> <!-- semi-finals --> |24 Juni – [[Bloemfontein]]|{{Fb|ESP}}|0|'''{{Fb|USA}}'''|'''2''' |25 Juni – [[Johannesburg]]|'''{{Fb|BRA}}'''|'''1'''|{{Fb|RSA}}|0 <!-- final --> |28 Juni – [[Johannesburg]]|{{Fb|USA}}|2|'''{{Fb|BRA}}'''|'''3''' <!-- third place --> |28 Juni – [[Rustenburg]]|'''{{Fb|ESP}}''' ([[Extra time|a.e.t.]])|'''3'''|{{Fb|RSA}}|2 }} === Nusu fainali === {{Footballbox |date = 24 Juni 2009 |time = 20:30 [[South African Standard Time|SAST]] |team1 = {{Fb-rt|ESP}} |score = 0 – 2 |report = [http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/matches/round=250120/match=66213/report.html (Report)] |team2 = {{Fb|USA}} |goals2 = [[Jozy Altidore|Altidore]] {{Goal|27}}<br />[[Clint Dempsey|Dempsey]] {{Goal|74}}<br />[[Michael Bradley|Bradley]] {{Sent off|0|87}} |stadium = [[Free State Stadium]], [[Bloemfontein]] |attendance = 35,369 |referee = [[Jorge Larrionda]] ([[Asociación Uruguaya de Fútbol|Uruguay]]) }} ---- {{Footballbox |date = 25 Juni 2009 |time = 20:30 [[South African Standard Time|SAST]] |team1 = {{Fb-rt|BRA}} |score = 1 – 0 |report = [http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/matches/round=250120/match=66214/report.html (Report)] |team2 = {{Fb|RSA}} |goals1 = [[Daniel Alves|Alves]] {{Goal|88}} |stadium = [[Coca-Cola Park (Johannesburg)|Coca-Cola Park]], [[Johannesburg]] |attendance = 48,049 |referee = [[Massimo Busacca]] ([[Swiss Football Association|Switzerland]]) }} === Mahali tatu match === {{Footballbox |date = 28 Juni 2009 |time = 15:00 [[South African Standard Time|SAST]] |team1 = {{Fb-rt|ESP}} |score = 3 – 2<br />([[Extra time|a.e.t.]]) |report = [http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/matches/round=250121/match=66212/report.html (Report)] |team2 = {{Fb|RSA}} |goals1 = [[Daniel Güiza|Güiza]] {{Goal|88||89}}<br />[[Xabi Alonso|Alonso]] {{Goal|107}} |goals2 = [[Katlego Mphela|Mphela]] {{Goal|73||90+3}} |stadium = [[Royal Bafokeng Stadium]], [[Rustenburg]] |attendance = 31,788 |referee = [[Matthew Breeze]] ([[Football Federation Australia|Australia]]) }} === Fainali === {{Main|2009 FIFA Confederations Cup Final}} {{Footballbox |date = 28 Juni 2009 |time = 20:30 [[South African Standard Time|SAST]] |team1 = {{Fb-rt|USA}} |score = 2 – 3 |report = [http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/matches/round=250122/match=66211/report.html (Report)] |team2 = {{Fb|BRA}} |goals1 = [[Clint Dempsey|Dempsey]] {{Goal|10}}<br />[[Landon Donovan|Donovan]] {{Goal|27}} |goals2 = [[Luís Fabiano]] {{Goal|46||74}}<br />[[Lúcio]] {{Goal|84}} |stadium = [[Coca-Cola Park (Johannesburg)|Coca-Cola Park]], [[Johannesburg]] |attendance = 52,291 |referee = [[Martin Hansson]] ([[Swedish Football Association|Sweden]]) }} {{Winners|fb|2009 Confederations Cup Winner|Brazil|Third}} == Tuzo == {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto" |- !Kikombe cha FIFA cha kucheza kwa usawa !Mshindi wa Mpira wa dhahabu !Mshindi wa Kiatu cha dhahabu !Mshindi wa Glavu za dhahabu |- | align="center"|{{Fb|BRA}} | align="center"|{{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Kaka]] | align="center"|{{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Luis Fabiano]] | align="center"|{{Flag icon|USA}} [[Tim Howard]] |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto" |- !Mpira wa Fedha !Mshindi wa kiatu cha dhahabu |- | align="center"|{{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Luis Fabiano]] | align="center"|{{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Fernando Torres]] |- !Mshindi wa mpira wa shaba !Mshindi wa kiatu cha shaba |- | align="center"|{{Flag icon|USA}} [[Clint Dempsey]] | align="center"|{{Flag icon|ESP}} [[David Villa]] |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto" |- |+ <td>[[FIFA.com]] Users 'Top 11 <ref>{{Cite news |title=Users pick Top 11 |url=http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=1077991.html |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |date=30 Juni 2009 |accessdate=30 Juni 2009 |archivedate=2009-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703060947/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=1077991.html }}</ref></td> |- !Mlinda mlango !Wazuiaji !VIUNGO !Washambuliaji |- | valign = top | {{Flag icon|USA}} [[Tim Howard]] | valign = top | {{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Joan Capdevila]]<br />{{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Carles Puyol]]<br />{{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Lúcio]]<br />{{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Maicon]] | valign = top | {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Kaka]]<br />{{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Mohamed Aboutrika]]<br />{{Flag icon|USA}} [[Clint Dempsey]] | valign = top | {{Flag icon|ESP}} [[David Villa]]<br />{{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Fernando Torres]]<br />{{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Luis Fabiano]] |} == Wafungaji == {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} ;magoli 5 * {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Luis Fabiano]] ;Magoli 3 * {{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Fernando Torres]] * {{Flag icon|ESP}} [[David Villa]] * {{Flag icon|USA}} [[Clint Dempsey]] ;Magoli 2 * {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Kaka]] * {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Mohamed Zidan]] * {{Flag icon|RSA}} [[Katlego Mphela]] * {{Flag icon|RSA}} [[Bernard Parker]] * {{Flag icon|ITA}} [[Giuseppe Rossi]] * {{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Daniel Guiza]] * {{Flag icon|USA}} [[Landon Donovan]] {{Col-2}} ;Goli 1 * {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Daniel Alves]] * {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Felipe Melo]] * {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Juan]] * {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Lúcio]] * {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Maicon]] * {{Flag icon|BRA}} [[Robinho]] * {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Homos]] * {{Flag icon|EGY}} [[Mohamed Shawky]] * {{Flag icon|ITA}} [[Daniele De Rossi]] * {{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Xabi Alonso]] * {{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Cesc Fabregas]] * {{Flag icon|ESP}} [[Fernando Llorente]] * {{Flag icon|USA}} [[Jozy Altidore]] * {{Flag icon|USA}} [[Michael Bradley]] * {{Flag icon|USA}} [[Charlie Davies]] ;Magoli yakujifunga * {{Flag icon|ITA}} [[Andrea Dossena]] (kwa Brazili) {{Col-end}} == Angalia Pia == * [[2010 FIFA World Cup]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo|2}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.fifa.com/confederationcup/index.html 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fifa.com/confederationcup/index.html |date=20090106032556 }} saa [[FIFA.]] Com {{Navboxes | title = Viungo | list1 = {{2009 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{International football}}}} {{Use dmy dates|date=Septemba 2011}} {{DEFAULTSORT:FIFA Confederations Cup 2009}} [[Jamii:FIFA Kombe la shirikisho la Mabara 2009]] [[Jamii:Mpira wa Miguu]] [[Jamii:2009 nchini Afrika Kusini]] abzcu727d4uggt0qv13yqg53fiuxtki 0 33748 1236801 1235900 2022-07-30T07:37:04Z BevoLJ 53014 /* Viungo vya nje */ - {{Navboxes colour}} wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: JosephYobo.JPG|thumb| Joseph Yobo]] {{Football player infobox | playername = Joseph Yobo | image = | fullname = Joseph Phillip Yobo | dateofbirth = {{birth date and age|1980|9|6|df=y}} | cityofbirth = [[Kono]] | countryofbirth = [[Nigeria]] | height = {{height|m=1.88}}<ref name="guardian_interview"> [[Picha:Yobo.jpg|200px]] {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2003/sep/07/sport.comment2 | title = Yobo in power play | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2003-09-07 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> | position = [[Defender (association football)#Centre back|Centre Back]] | currentclub = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] | clubnumber = 4 | youthyears = 1996–1997 | youthclubs = Michellin Port-Harcourt<ref name="guardian_interview" /><ref>{{nftstat|4942}}</ref> | years = 1998–2001<br />2001–2003<br />2001–2002<br />2002–2003<br />2003– | clubs = [[Standard Liège]]<br />[[Olympique de Marseille|Olympique Marseille]]<br />→ [[CD Tenerife]] (loan)<br />→ [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] (loan)<br />[[Everton F.C.|Everton]] | caps(goals) = {{0}}46 (2)<br />{{0}}23 (0)<br />{{0}}{{0}}0 (0)<br />{{0}}24 (0)<br />192 (8) | nationalyears = 2001– | nationalteam = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] | nationalcaps(goals) = {{0}}65 (5) | pcupdate = 18:23, 10 Desemba 2009 (UTC) | ntupdate = 20:39, 18 Novemba 2009 (UTC) }} '''Joseph Yobo''' (alizaliwa [[Kono]], [[Nigeria]], [[6 Septemba]] [[1980]]) alikuwa [[mlinzi]] wa [[timu]] ya Nigeria ya [[kandanda]] na ya klabu ya [[Ligi]] ya [[Uingereza]] ya [[Everton]]. Alikuwa [[nahodha]] wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[Nigeria]], na mchumba wake ni malkia wa urembo wa zamani [[Adaeze Igwe]]. Yeye ni mdogo wa [[Yobo Albert]] mchezaji wa zamani wa kimataifa. Mwanzoni mwa Julai 2008, ndugu yake mdogo Norum Yobo <ref>{{Cite url|url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/06072008/58/premier-league-everton-offer-yobo-assistance.html |title=Everton offer Yobo assistance}}</ref> alitekwa nyara mjini [[Bahari la Harcourt, Rivers State]], Nigeria na kushikwa kwa fidia. Hatimaye aliachiliwa huru baada ya siku 12 mnamo tarehe 17 Julai 2008 <ref>{{Cite url |url=http://kickoffnigeria.com/static/news/article.php?id=2260 |title=Yobo's Brother Released |accessdate=2009-12-18 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120525202803/http://kickoffnigeria.com/static/news/article.php?id=2260 |archivedate=2012-05-25 }}</ref> == Kazi yake == === Wasifu wa Klabu === Joseph Stefano Yobo alikulia mjini [[Port Harcourt]] na ni rafiki wa karibu wa [[Crewe Alexandra]], [[George Abbey]] ambaye walikua pamoja.<ref name="Copnall">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/3483353.stm|title=Abbey days|last=Copnall |first=James|date=12 Februari 2004|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=2009-04-27}}</ref> Baadaye aliomba ushauri kutoka kwa Abbey alipoamua kuhamia Uingereza.<ref name="Copnall"/> Yobo alihama Nigeria kuenda Ubelgiji kujiunga na [[Standard Liege]] mwaka wa 1998. Alijitokeza katika timu yake mara ya kwanza mwaka wa 2000, na akaendelea kujitokeza mara 46 katika klabu ya [[Ligi Jupiler.]] Mwaka wa 2001, alinunuliwa na klabu ya Kifaransa, [[Olympique Marseille]]. <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/low/football/africa/1493202.stm | title = European Preview: Belgium Transfers | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2001-08-15 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Muda mfupi baada ya maamuzi yake ya kwanza, Yobo alikopeshwa katika klabu ya [[CD Tenerife]] nchini Hispania. Baada ya karibu miezi 9 Yoboalirudi Marseille, kabla ya kujiunga na klabu ya [[Everton]]ya Uiingereza, kwa mkopo tena, mwezi Julai 2002. Ada ya £ 1m ilihitajika kusajili mchezaji huyu, na yeye akawa wa kwanza kusainiwa kama mchezaji mpya na meneja [[David Moyes]]. <ref name="bbc_2002"> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/low/football/teams/e/everton/2098473.stm | title = Everton complete Yobo chase | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2002-07-09 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Fursa ya kufanya hatua hiyo kudumu ilichukuliwa na kukamilika mwaka wa 2003 baada ya mzozo kati Yobo na Marseille mara ulipotatuliwa pamoja na kukubaliana na Everton kwa kuongeza £ 4m. <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2002/nov/28/newsstory.sport10 | title = Everton close in on Yobo's signature | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2002-11-28 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Yobo alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji thabiti zaidi katika kikosi cha Everton, na alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji saba tu katika ligi nzima waliocheza kila dakika ya kila mchezo katika kipindi cha [[2006-2007 Ligi Kuu ya msimu]] Kuchelewa kwa kutia saini mkataba mpya na Everton, mwaka 2006, kulisababisha uvumi kuwa anahamia [[Arsenal]], <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/e/everton/4873048.stm | title = Everton face Yobo contract delay | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2006-04-03 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> lakini tarehe 22 Julai Yobo alijitolea kwa Goodison Park hadi mwaka wa 2010. Kwanzia 15 Aprili 2007 Joseph Yobo ana rekodi ya wachezaji kutoka Ng'ambo katika timu ya Everton. Katika mchuano wa [[Kombe la UEFA]] kwa mechi dhidi ya [[AE Larissa]] ya [[Ugiriki]] tarehe 25 Oktoba 2007, Yobo alichukua usukani kwani [[Phil Neville]] hakuwepo na hivyo akawa Mwafrika wa kwanza kuwa nahodha wa klabu hiyo.Mnamo tarehe 16 Mei 2009 Yobo alifunga bao lake kwanza la msimu dhidi ya West Ham United na kushinda 3-1. Katika msimu wa 2009/10 ilibidi Yobo kuzoea kushirikiana na mshiriki wake mpya, [[Sylvain Distin]], baada [[Joleon Lescott]] kuhama na [[Phil Jagielka]] kujeruhiwa. Mnamo tarehe 29 Novemba 2009, alijifunga bao na Evertons kushindwa 2-0 na Liverpool katika katika mapambano ya timu za Merseyside. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/8377203.stm|title=Everton 0 - 2 Liverpool|date=2009-11-29|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=2009-12-02}}</ref> === Wasifu wa Kimataifa === [[Mnigeria]] huyu aliweza kucheza mechi tatu za [[Kimataifa]] na timu ya [[Super Eagles]] <ref name="bbc_2002"/> nchini Japan na Korea ya Kusini, katika mchuano wa [[Kombe la dunia la FIFA 2002]], na kusaidia upande wake, katika bao lao moja tu katika mchuano huo<ref name="everton_profile"/> Uchezaji wake wa kimataifa umepokea maneno chanya.<ref> {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/jan/22/africannationscup2008.africannationscup1 | title = Yobo and Toure provide light in the dark | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2008-01-22 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> == Ufadhili == Katika mwaka wa 2007 Joseph Yobo alianzisha [http://www.josephyobofoundation.org Shirikisho la mapendo la Joseph Yobo ,] {{Wayback|url=http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/ |date=20080122131511 }} ili kusaidia watoto wasijiweza nchini Nigeria. Tangu tarehe 18 Julai 2007 amepatiana zaidi ya 300 tuzo za udhamini kuanzia ngazi ya msingi hadi chuo kikuu. Yobo ameanzisha sule ya kadanda katika mkoa wa [[Ogoni]] Nigeria. Yeye pia anamiliki kambi la kandanda mjini [[Lagos]] kwa kushirikiana na [[Lagos Everton FC]]. == Takwimu == <ref> {{Cite url | url = http://www.11v11.com/index.php?pageID=537&playerID=13830 | title = Joseph Yobo : Biography }} </ref> <ref> {{soccerbase|id=22826|name=Joseph Yobo}} </ref> {{Football player statistics 1|YY}} {{Football player statistics 2|BEL|YY}} {{Football player statistics 2|FRA|YY}} == Tuzo == '''[[Everton]]''' * [[Kombe la FA]] ** Nafasi ya Pili'''(1):''' [[2009]] * [[Tuzo za CAF]] - alichaguliwa kama mchezaji bora msimu wa 2007/2008 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/caf/awards/146-egypt-dominates-glo-caf-awards.html|title=Egypt dominates glo-caf awards|publisher=CAFonline.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo|2}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.josephyobofoundation.org Joseph Yobo Foundation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/ |date=20080122131511 }} Charity ilianzishwa na Joseph Yobo * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6904226.stm BBC Coverage ya Joseph Yobo Foundation] * [http://www.supereaglesnation.com/Records.asp Kuonekana Kitaifa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.supereaglesnation.com/Records.asp |date=20100604041417 }} {{Nigeria Squad 2002 World Cup}} {{Nigeria Squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Nigeria Squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yobo, Joseph}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Olympique de Marseille]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Port Harcourt]] iazhoo9hu5a03pv5h130acjka91welr 1236802 1236801 2022-07-30T07:39:58Z BevoLJ 53014 /* Viungo vya nje */ +{{Navboxes colour}} wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: JosephYobo.JPG|thumb| Joseph Yobo]] {{Football player infobox | playername = Joseph Yobo | image = | fullname = Joseph Phillip Yobo | dateofbirth = {{birth date and age|1980|9|6|df=y}} | cityofbirth = [[Kono]] | countryofbirth = [[Nigeria]] | height = {{height|m=1.88}}<ref name="guardian_interview"> [[Picha:Yobo.jpg|200px]] {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2003/sep/07/sport.comment2 | title = Yobo in power play | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2003-09-07 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> | position = [[Defender (association football)#Centre back|Centre Back]] | currentclub = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] | clubnumber = 4 | youthyears = 1996–1997 | youthclubs = Michellin Port-Harcourt<ref name="guardian_interview" /><ref>{{nftstat|4942}}</ref> | years = 1998–2001<br />2001–2003<br />2001–2002<br />2002–2003<br />2003– | clubs = [[Standard Liège]]<br />[[Olympique de Marseille|Olympique Marseille]]<br />→ [[CD Tenerife]] (loan)<br />→ [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] (loan)<br />[[Everton F.C.|Everton]] | caps(goals) = {{0}}46 (2)<br />{{0}}23 (0)<br />{{0}}{{0}}0 (0)<br />{{0}}24 (0)<br />192 (8) | nationalyears = 2001– | nationalteam = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] | nationalcaps(goals) = {{0}}65 (5) | pcupdate = 18:23, 10 Desemba 2009 (UTC) | ntupdate = 20:39, 18 Novemba 2009 (UTC) }} '''Joseph Yobo''' (alizaliwa [[Kono]], [[Nigeria]], [[6 Septemba]] [[1980]]) alikuwa [[mlinzi]] wa [[timu]] ya Nigeria ya [[kandanda]] na ya klabu ya [[Ligi]] ya [[Uingereza]] ya [[Everton]]. Alikuwa [[nahodha]] wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[Nigeria]], na mchumba wake ni malkia wa urembo wa zamani [[Adaeze Igwe]]. Yeye ni mdogo wa [[Yobo Albert]] mchezaji wa zamani wa kimataifa. Mwanzoni mwa Julai 2008, ndugu yake mdogo Norum Yobo <ref>{{Cite url|url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/06072008/58/premier-league-everton-offer-yobo-assistance.html |title=Everton offer Yobo assistance}}</ref> alitekwa nyara mjini [[Bahari la Harcourt, Rivers State]], Nigeria na kushikwa kwa fidia. Hatimaye aliachiliwa huru baada ya siku 12 mnamo tarehe 17 Julai 2008 <ref>{{Cite url |url=http://kickoffnigeria.com/static/news/article.php?id=2260 |title=Yobo's Brother Released |accessdate=2009-12-18 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120525202803/http://kickoffnigeria.com/static/news/article.php?id=2260 |archivedate=2012-05-25 }}</ref> == Kazi yake == === Wasifu wa Klabu === Joseph Stefano Yobo alikulia mjini [[Port Harcourt]] na ni rafiki wa karibu wa [[Crewe Alexandra]], [[George Abbey]] ambaye walikua pamoja.<ref name="Copnall">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/3483353.stm|title=Abbey days|last=Copnall |first=James|date=12 Februari 2004|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=2009-04-27}}</ref> Baadaye aliomba ushauri kutoka kwa Abbey alipoamua kuhamia Uingereza.<ref name="Copnall"/> Yobo alihama Nigeria kuenda Ubelgiji kujiunga na [[Standard Liege]] mwaka wa 1998. Alijitokeza katika timu yake mara ya kwanza mwaka wa 2000, na akaendelea kujitokeza mara 46 katika klabu ya [[Ligi Jupiler.]] Mwaka wa 2001, alinunuliwa na klabu ya Kifaransa, [[Olympique Marseille]]. <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/low/football/africa/1493202.stm | title = European Preview: Belgium Transfers | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2001-08-15 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Muda mfupi baada ya maamuzi yake ya kwanza, Yobo alikopeshwa katika klabu ya [[CD Tenerife]] nchini Hispania. Baada ya karibu miezi 9 Yoboalirudi Marseille, kabla ya kujiunga na klabu ya [[Everton]]ya Uiingereza, kwa mkopo tena, mwezi Julai 2002. Ada ya £ 1m ilihitajika kusajili mchezaji huyu, na yeye akawa wa kwanza kusainiwa kama mchezaji mpya na meneja [[David Moyes]]. <ref name="bbc_2002"> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/low/football/teams/e/everton/2098473.stm | title = Everton complete Yobo chase | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2002-07-09 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Fursa ya kufanya hatua hiyo kudumu ilichukuliwa na kukamilika mwaka wa 2003 baada ya mzozo kati Yobo na Marseille mara ulipotatuliwa pamoja na kukubaliana na Everton kwa kuongeza £ 4m. <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2002/nov/28/newsstory.sport10 | title = Everton close in on Yobo's signature | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2002-11-28 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Yobo alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji thabiti zaidi katika kikosi cha Everton, na alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji saba tu katika ligi nzima waliocheza kila dakika ya kila mchezo katika kipindi cha [[2006-2007 Ligi Kuu ya msimu]] Kuchelewa kwa kutia saini mkataba mpya na Everton, mwaka 2006, kulisababisha uvumi kuwa anahamia [[Arsenal]], <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/e/everton/4873048.stm | title = Everton face Yobo contract delay | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2006-04-03 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> lakini tarehe 22 Julai Yobo alijitolea kwa Goodison Park hadi mwaka wa 2010. Kwanzia 15 Aprili 2007 Joseph Yobo ana rekodi ya wachezaji kutoka Ng'ambo katika timu ya Everton. Katika mchuano wa [[Kombe la UEFA]] kwa mechi dhidi ya [[AE Larissa]] ya [[Ugiriki]] tarehe 25 Oktoba 2007, Yobo alichukua usukani kwani [[Phil Neville]] hakuwepo na hivyo akawa Mwafrika wa kwanza kuwa nahodha wa klabu hiyo.Mnamo tarehe 16 Mei 2009 Yobo alifunga bao lake kwanza la msimu dhidi ya West Ham United na kushinda 3-1. Katika msimu wa 2009/10 ilibidi Yobo kuzoea kushirikiana na mshiriki wake mpya, [[Sylvain Distin]], baada [[Joleon Lescott]] kuhama na [[Phil Jagielka]] kujeruhiwa. Mnamo tarehe 29 Novemba 2009, alijifunga bao na Evertons kushindwa 2-0 na Liverpool katika katika mapambano ya timu za Merseyside. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/8377203.stm|title=Everton 0 - 2 Liverpool|date=2009-11-29|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=2009-12-02}}</ref> === Wasifu wa Kimataifa === [[Mnigeria]] huyu aliweza kucheza mechi tatu za [[Kimataifa]] na timu ya [[Super Eagles]] <ref name="bbc_2002"/> nchini Japan na Korea ya Kusini, katika mchuano wa [[Kombe la dunia la FIFA 2002]], na kusaidia upande wake, katika bao lao moja tu katika mchuano huo<ref name="everton_profile"/> Uchezaji wake wa kimataifa umepokea maneno chanya.<ref> {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/jan/22/africannationscup2008.africannationscup1 | title = Yobo and Toure provide light in the dark | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2008-01-22 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> == Ufadhili == Katika mwaka wa 2007 Joseph Yobo alianzisha [http://www.josephyobofoundation.org Shirikisho la mapendo la Joseph Yobo ,] {{Wayback|url=http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/ |date=20080122131511 }} ili kusaidia watoto wasijiweza nchini Nigeria. Tangu tarehe 18 Julai 2007 amepatiana zaidi ya 300 tuzo za udhamini kuanzia ngazi ya msingi hadi chuo kikuu. Yobo ameanzisha sule ya kadanda katika mkoa wa [[Ogoni]] Nigeria. Yeye pia anamiliki kambi la kandanda mjini [[Lagos]] kwa kushirikiana na [[Lagos Everton FC]]. == Takwimu == <ref> {{Cite url | url = http://www.11v11.com/index.php?pageID=537&playerID=13830 | title = Joseph Yobo : Biography }} </ref> <ref> {{soccerbase|id=22826|name=Joseph Yobo}} </ref> {{Football player statistics 1|YY}} {{Football player statistics 2|BEL|YY}} {{Football player statistics 2|FRA|YY}} == Tuzo == '''[[Everton]]''' * [[Kombe la FA]] ** Nafasi ya Pili'''(1):''' [[2009]] * [[Tuzo za CAF]] - alichaguliwa kama mchezaji bora msimu wa 2007/2008 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/caf/awards/146-egypt-dominates-glo-caf-awards.html|title=Egypt dominates glo-caf awards|publisher=CAFonline.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo|2}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.josephyobofoundation.org Joseph Yobo Foundation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/ |date=20080122131511 }} Charity ilianzishwa na Joseph Yobo * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6904226.stm BBC Coverage ya Joseph Yobo Foundation] * [http://www.supereaglesnation.com/Records.asp Kuonekana Kitaifa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.supereaglesnation.com/Records.asp |date=20100604041417 }} {{Navboxes colour |title=Nigeria Squads | bg = #008751 | fg = White |bordercolor= |list1= {{Nigeria Squad 2002 World Cup}} {{Nigeria Squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Nigeria Squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yobo, Joseph}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Olympique de Marseille]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Port Harcourt]] fiom2mgojbcgy4mfh7vbxm41uchoqv1 1236810 1236802 2022-07-30T09:29:40Z BevoLJ 53014 {{Football player infobox}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Football player infobox | jinalamchezaji= Joseph Yobo | picha =[[Picha:JosephYobo.JPG|200px]] | jinakamili = Joseph Phillip Yobo | tareheyakuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|1980|9|6|df=y}} | mjialiozaliwa = [[Kono]] | nchialiozaliwa = [[Nigeria]] | timuyataifa = [[Nigeria]] | urefu={{height|m=1.88}}<ref name="guardian_interview"> [[Picha:Yobo.jpg|200px]] {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2003/sep/07/sport.comment2 | title = Yobo in power play | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2003-09-07 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }}</ref> | nafasi= beki wa kati | klabuyasasa= [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] | nambayaklabu= 4 | miakayavijana= 1996–1997 | klabuzavijana= Michellin Port-Harcourt<ref name="guardian_interview" /><ref>{nftstat|4942}}</ref> | miaka=1998–2001<br />2001–2003<br />2001–2002<br />2002–2003<br />2003– | vilabu= [[Standard Liège]]<br />[[Olympique de Marseille|Olympique Marseille]]<br />→ [[CD Tenerife]] (loan)<br />→ [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] (loan)<br />[[Everton F.C.|Everton]] | caps(goals)={{0}}46 (2)<br />{{0}}23 (0)<br />{{0}}{{0}}0 (0)<br />{{0}}24 (0)<br />192 (8) | miakayataifa= | nationalcaps(goals) ={{0}}65 (5) | pcupdate=18:23, 10 Desemba 2009 (UTC) | ntupdate=20:39, 18 Novemba 2009 (UTC) }} '''Joseph Yobo''' (alizaliwa [[Kono]], [[Nigeria]], [[6 Septemba]] [[1980]]) alikuwa [[mlinzi]] wa [[timu]] ya Nigeria ya [[kandanda]] na ya klabu ya [[Ligi]] ya [[Uingereza]] ya [[Everton]]. Alikuwa [[nahodha]] wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[Nigeria]], na mchumba wake ni malkia wa urembo wa zamani [[Adaeze Igwe]]. Yeye ni mdogo wa [[Yobo Albert]] mchezaji wa zamani wa kimataifa. Mwanzoni mwa Julai 2008, ndugu yake mdogo Norum Yobo <ref>{{Cite url|url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/06072008/58/premier-league-everton-offer-yobo-assistance.html |title=Everton offer Yobo assistance}}</ref> alitekwa nyara mjini [[Bahari la Harcourt, Rivers State]], Nigeria na kushikwa kwa fidia. Hatimaye aliachiliwa huru baada ya siku 12 mnamo tarehe 17 Julai 2008 <ref>{{Cite url |url=http://kickoffnigeria.com/static/news/article.php?id=2260 |title=Yobo's Brother Released |accessdate=2009-12-18 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120525202803/http://kickoffnigeria.com/static/news/article.php?id=2260 |archivedate=2012-05-25 }}</ref> == Kazi yake == === Wasifu wa Klabu === Joseph Stefano Yobo alikulia mjini [[Port Harcourt]] na ni rafiki wa karibu wa [[Crewe Alexandra]], [[George Abbey]] ambaye walikua pamoja.<ref name="Copnall">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/3483353.stm|title=Abbey days|last=Copnall |first=James|date=12 Februari 2004|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=2009-04-27}}</ref> Baadaye aliomba ushauri kutoka kwa Abbey alipoamua kuhamia Uingereza.<ref name="Copnall"/> Yobo alihama Nigeria kuenda Ubelgiji kujiunga na [[Standard Liege]] mwaka wa 1998. Alijitokeza katika timu yake mara ya kwanza mwaka wa 2000, na akaendelea kujitokeza mara 46 katika klabu ya [[Ligi Jupiler.]] Mwaka wa 2001, alinunuliwa na klabu ya Kifaransa, [[Olympique Marseille]]. <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/low/football/africa/1493202.stm | title = European Preview: Belgium Transfers | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2001-08-15 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Muda mfupi baada ya maamuzi yake ya kwanza, Yobo alikopeshwa katika klabu ya [[CD Tenerife]] nchini Hispania. Baada ya karibu miezi 9 Yoboalirudi Marseille, kabla ya kujiunga na klabu ya [[Everton]]ya Uiingereza, kwa mkopo tena, mwezi Julai 2002. Ada ya £ 1m ilihitajika kusajili mchezaji huyu, na yeye akawa wa kwanza kusainiwa kama mchezaji mpya na meneja [[David Moyes]]. <ref name="bbc_2002"> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/low/football/teams/e/everton/2098473.stm | title = Everton complete Yobo chase | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2002-07-09 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Fursa ya kufanya hatua hiyo kudumu ilichukuliwa na kukamilika mwaka wa 2003 baada ya mzozo kati Yobo na Marseille mara ulipotatuliwa pamoja na kukubaliana na Everton kwa kuongeza £ 4m. <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2002/nov/28/newsstory.sport10 | title = Everton close in on Yobo's signature | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2002-11-28 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Yobo alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji thabiti zaidi katika kikosi cha Everton, na alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji saba tu katika ligi nzima waliocheza kila dakika ya kila mchezo katika kipindi cha [[2006-2007 Ligi Kuu ya msimu]] Kuchelewa kwa kutia saini mkataba mpya na Everton, mwaka 2006, kulisababisha uvumi kuwa anahamia [[Arsenal]], <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/e/everton/4873048.stm | title = Everton face Yobo contract delay | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2006-04-03 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> lakini tarehe 22 Julai Yobo alijitolea kwa Goodison Park hadi mwaka wa 2010. Kwanzia 15 Aprili 2007 Joseph Yobo ana rekodi ya wachezaji kutoka Ng'ambo katika timu ya Everton. Katika mchuano wa [[Kombe la UEFA]] kwa mechi dhidi ya [[AE Larissa]] ya [[Ugiriki]] tarehe 25 Oktoba 2007, Yobo alichukua usukani kwani [[Phil Neville]] hakuwepo na hivyo akawa Mwafrika wa kwanza kuwa nahodha wa klabu hiyo.Mnamo tarehe 16 Mei 2009 Yobo alifunga bao lake kwanza la msimu dhidi ya West Ham United na kushinda 3-1. Katika msimu wa 2009/10 ilibidi Yobo kuzoea kushirikiana na mshiriki wake mpya, [[Sylvain Distin]], baada [[Joleon Lescott]] kuhama na [[Phil Jagielka]] kujeruhiwa. Mnamo tarehe 29 Novemba 2009, alijifunga bao na Evertons kushindwa 2-0 na Liverpool katika katika mapambano ya timu za Merseyside. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/8377203.stm|title=Everton 0 - 2 Liverpool|date=2009-11-29|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=2009-12-02}}</ref> === Wasifu wa Kimataifa === [[Mnigeria]] huyu aliweza kucheza mechi tatu za [[Kimataifa]] na timu ya [[Super Eagles]] <ref name="bbc_2002"/> nchini Japan na Korea ya Kusini, katika mchuano wa [[Kombe la dunia la FIFA 2002]], na kusaidia upande wake, katika bao lao moja tu katika mchuano huo<ref name="everton_profile"/> Uchezaji wake wa kimataifa umepokea maneno chanya.<ref> {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/jan/22/africannationscup2008.africannationscup1 | title = Yobo and Toure provide light in the dark | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2008-01-22 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> == Ufadhili == Katika mwaka wa 2007 Joseph Yobo alianzisha [http://www.josephyobofoundation.org Shirikisho la mapendo la Joseph Yobo ,] {{Wayback|url=http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/ |date=20080122131511 }} ili kusaidia watoto wasijiweza nchini Nigeria. Tangu tarehe 18 Julai 2007 amepatiana zaidi ya 300 tuzo za udhamini kuanzia ngazi ya msingi hadi chuo kikuu. Yobo ameanzisha sule ya kadanda katika mkoa wa [[Ogoni]] Nigeria. Yeye pia anamiliki kambi la kandanda mjini [[Lagos]] kwa kushirikiana na [[Lagos Everton FC]]. == Takwimu == <ref> {{Cite url | url = http://www.11v11.com/index.php?pageID=537&playerID=13830 | title = Joseph Yobo : Biography }} </ref> <ref> {{soccerbase|id=22826|name=Joseph Yobo}} </ref> {{Football player statistics 1|YY}} {{Football player statistics 2|BEL|YY}} {{Football player statistics 2|FRA|YY}} == Tuzo == '''[[Everton]]''' * [[Kombe la FA]] ** Nafasi ya Pili'''(1):''' [[2009]] * [[Tuzo za CAF]] - alichaguliwa kama mchezaji bora msimu wa 2007/2008 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/caf/awards/146-egypt-dominates-glo-caf-awards.html|title=Egypt dominates glo-caf awards|publisher=CAFonline.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo|2}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.josephyobofoundation.org Joseph Yobo Foundation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/ |date=20080122131511 }} Charity ilianzishwa na Joseph Yobo * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6904226.stm BBC Coverage ya Joseph Yobo Foundation] * [http://www.supereaglesnation.com/Records.asp Kuonekana Kitaifa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.supereaglesnation.com/Records.asp |date=20100604041417 }} {{Navboxes colour |title=Nigeria Squads | bg = #008751 | fg = White |bordercolor= |list1= {{Nigeria Squad 2002 World Cup}} {{Nigeria Squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Nigeria Squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yobo, Joseph}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Olympique de Marseille]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Port Harcourt]] 8qfmfheglccxc61raf0ooykcc0yxade 1236811 1236810 2022-07-30T09:32:08Z BevoLJ 53014 + miakayataifa= wikitext text/x-wiki {{Football player infobox | jinalamchezaji= Joseph Yobo | picha =[[Picha:JosephYobo.JPG|200px]] | jinakamili = Joseph Phillip Yobo | tareheyakuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|1980|9|6|df=y}} | mjialiozaliwa = [[Kono]] | nchialiozaliwa = [[Nigeria]] | timuyataifa = [[Nigeria]] | urefu={{height|m=1.88}}<ref name="guardian_interview"> [[Picha:Yobo.jpg|200px]] {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2003/sep/07/sport.comment2 | title = Yobo in power play | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2003-09-07 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }}</ref> | nafasi= beki wa kati | klabuyasasa= [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] | nambayaklabu= 4 | miakayavijana= 1996–1997 | klabuzavijana= Michellin Port-Harcourt<ref name="guardian_interview" /><ref>{nftstat|4942}}</ref> | miaka=1998–2001<br />2001–2003<br />2001–2002<br />2002–2003<br />2003– | vilabu= [[Standard Liège]]<br />[[Olympique de Marseille|Olympique Marseille]]<br />→ [[CD Tenerife]] (loan)<br />→ [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] (loan)<br />[[Everton F.C.|Everton]] | caps(goals)={{0}}46 (2)<br />{{0}}23 (0)<br />{{0}}{{0}}0 (0)<br />{{0}}24 (0)<br />192 (8) | miakayataifa= 2001– | nationalcaps(goals) ={{0}}65 (5) | pcupdate=18:23, 10 Desemba 2009 (UTC) | ntupdate=20:39, 18 Novemba 2009 (UTC) }} '''Joseph Yobo''' (alizaliwa [[Kono]], [[Nigeria]], [[6 Septemba]] [[1980]]) alikuwa [[mlinzi]] wa [[timu]] ya Nigeria ya [[kandanda]] na ya klabu ya [[Ligi]] ya [[Uingereza]] ya [[Everton]]. Alikuwa [[nahodha]] wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[Nigeria]], na mchumba wake ni malkia wa urembo wa zamani [[Adaeze Igwe]]. Yeye ni mdogo wa [[Yobo Albert]] mchezaji wa zamani wa kimataifa. Mwanzoni mwa Julai 2008, ndugu yake mdogo Norum Yobo <ref>{{Cite url|url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/06072008/58/premier-league-everton-offer-yobo-assistance.html |title=Everton offer Yobo assistance}}</ref> alitekwa nyara mjini [[Bahari la Harcourt, Rivers State]], Nigeria na kushikwa kwa fidia. Hatimaye aliachiliwa huru baada ya siku 12 mnamo tarehe 17 Julai 2008 <ref>{{Cite url |url=http://kickoffnigeria.com/static/news/article.php?id=2260 |title=Yobo's Brother Released |accessdate=2009-12-18 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120525202803/http://kickoffnigeria.com/static/news/article.php?id=2260 |archivedate=2012-05-25 }}</ref> == Kazi yake == === Wasifu wa Klabu === Joseph Stefano Yobo alikulia mjini [[Port Harcourt]] na ni rafiki wa karibu wa [[Crewe Alexandra]], [[George Abbey]] ambaye walikua pamoja.<ref name="Copnall">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/3483353.stm|title=Abbey days|last=Copnall |first=James|date=12 Februari 2004|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=2009-04-27}}</ref> Baadaye aliomba ushauri kutoka kwa Abbey alipoamua kuhamia Uingereza.<ref name="Copnall"/> Yobo alihama Nigeria kuenda Ubelgiji kujiunga na [[Standard Liege]] mwaka wa 1998. Alijitokeza katika timu yake mara ya kwanza mwaka wa 2000, na akaendelea kujitokeza mara 46 katika klabu ya [[Ligi Jupiler.]] Mwaka wa 2001, alinunuliwa na klabu ya Kifaransa, [[Olympique Marseille]]. <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/low/football/africa/1493202.stm | title = European Preview: Belgium Transfers | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2001-08-15 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Muda mfupi baada ya maamuzi yake ya kwanza, Yobo alikopeshwa katika klabu ya [[CD Tenerife]] nchini Hispania. Baada ya karibu miezi 9 Yoboalirudi Marseille, kabla ya kujiunga na klabu ya [[Everton]]ya Uiingereza, kwa mkopo tena, mwezi Julai 2002. Ada ya £ 1m ilihitajika kusajili mchezaji huyu, na yeye akawa wa kwanza kusainiwa kama mchezaji mpya na meneja [[David Moyes]]. <ref name="bbc_2002"> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/low/football/teams/e/everton/2098473.stm | title = Everton complete Yobo chase | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2002-07-09 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Fursa ya kufanya hatua hiyo kudumu ilichukuliwa na kukamilika mwaka wa 2003 baada ya mzozo kati Yobo na Marseille mara ulipotatuliwa pamoja na kukubaliana na Everton kwa kuongeza £ 4m. <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2002/nov/28/newsstory.sport10 | title = Everton close in on Yobo's signature | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2002-11-28 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Yobo alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji thabiti zaidi katika kikosi cha Everton, na alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji saba tu katika ligi nzima waliocheza kila dakika ya kila mchezo katika kipindi cha [[2006-2007 Ligi Kuu ya msimu]] Kuchelewa kwa kutia saini mkataba mpya na Everton, mwaka 2006, kulisababisha uvumi kuwa anahamia [[Arsenal]], <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/e/everton/4873048.stm | title = Everton face Yobo contract delay | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2006-04-03 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> lakini tarehe 22 Julai Yobo alijitolea kwa Goodison Park hadi mwaka wa 2010. Kwanzia 15 Aprili 2007 Joseph Yobo ana rekodi ya wachezaji kutoka Ng'ambo katika timu ya Everton. Katika mchuano wa [[Kombe la UEFA]] kwa mechi dhidi ya [[AE Larissa]] ya [[Ugiriki]] tarehe 25 Oktoba 2007, Yobo alichukua usukani kwani [[Phil Neville]] hakuwepo na hivyo akawa Mwafrika wa kwanza kuwa nahodha wa klabu hiyo.Mnamo tarehe 16 Mei 2009 Yobo alifunga bao lake kwanza la msimu dhidi ya West Ham United na kushinda 3-1. Katika msimu wa 2009/10 ilibidi Yobo kuzoea kushirikiana na mshiriki wake mpya, [[Sylvain Distin]], baada [[Joleon Lescott]] kuhama na [[Phil Jagielka]] kujeruhiwa. Mnamo tarehe 29 Novemba 2009, alijifunga bao na Evertons kushindwa 2-0 na Liverpool katika katika mapambano ya timu za Merseyside. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/8377203.stm|title=Everton 0 - 2 Liverpool|date=2009-11-29|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=2009-12-02}}</ref> === Wasifu wa Kimataifa === [[Mnigeria]] huyu aliweza kucheza mechi tatu za [[Kimataifa]] na timu ya [[Super Eagles]] <ref name="bbc_2002"/> nchini Japan na Korea ya Kusini, katika mchuano wa [[Kombe la dunia la FIFA 2002]], na kusaidia upande wake, katika bao lao moja tu katika mchuano huo<ref name="everton_profile"/> Uchezaji wake wa kimataifa umepokea maneno chanya.<ref> {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/jan/22/africannationscup2008.africannationscup1 | title = Yobo and Toure provide light in the dark | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2008-01-22 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> == Ufadhili == Katika mwaka wa 2007 Joseph Yobo alianzisha [http://www.josephyobofoundation.org Shirikisho la mapendo la Joseph Yobo ,] {{Wayback|url=http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/ |date=20080122131511 }} ili kusaidia watoto wasijiweza nchini Nigeria. Tangu tarehe 18 Julai 2007 amepatiana zaidi ya 300 tuzo za udhamini kuanzia ngazi ya msingi hadi chuo kikuu. Yobo ameanzisha sule ya kadanda katika mkoa wa [[Ogoni]] Nigeria. Yeye pia anamiliki kambi la kandanda mjini [[Lagos]] kwa kushirikiana na [[Lagos Everton FC]]. == Takwimu == <ref> {{Cite url | url = http://www.11v11.com/index.php?pageID=537&playerID=13830 | title = Joseph Yobo : Biography }} </ref> <ref> {{soccerbase|id=22826|name=Joseph Yobo}} </ref> {{Football player statistics 1|YY}} {{Football player statistics 2|BEL|YY}} {{Football player statistics 2|FRA|YY}} == Tuzo == '''[[Everton]]''' * [[Kombe la FA]] ** Nafasi ya Pili'''(1):''' [[2009]] * [[Tuzo za CAF]] - alichaguliwa kama mchezaji bora msimu wa 2007/2008 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/caf/awards/146-egypt-dominates-glo-caf-awards.html|title=Egypt dominates glo-caf awards|publisher=CAFonline.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo|2}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.josephyobofoundation.org Joseph Yobo Foundation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/ |date=20080122131511 }} Charity ilianzishwa na Joseph Yobo * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6904226.stm BBC Coverage ya Joseph Yobo Foundation] * [http://www.supereaglesnation.com/Records.asp Kuonekana Kitaifa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.supereaglesnation.com/Records.asp |date=20100604041417 }} {{Navboxes colour |title=Nigeria Squads | bg = #008751 | fg = White |bordercolor= |list1= {{Nigeria Squad 2002 World Cup}} {{Nigeria Squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Nigeria Squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yobo, Joseph}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Olympique de Marseille]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Port Harcourt]] keqjhi67jfpf4fn3uiv8kpkml37vf03 1236812 1236811 2022-07-30T09:34:29Z BevoLJ 53014 - picha wikitext text/x-wiki {{Football player infobox | jinalamchezaji= Joseph Yobo | picha =[[Picha:JosephYobo.JPG|200px]] | jinakamili = Joseph Phillip Yobo | tareheyakuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|1980|9|6|df=y}} | mjialiozaliwa = [[Kono]] | nchialiozaliwa = [[Nigeria]] | timuyataifa = [[Nigeria]] | urefu={{height|m=1.88}}<ref name="guardian_interview"> {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2003/sep/07/sport.comment2 | title = Yobo in power play | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2003-09-07 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }}</ref> | nafasi= beki wa kati | klabuyasasa= [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] | nambayaklabu= 4 | miakayavijana= 1996–1997 | klabuzavijana= Michellin Port-Harcourt<ref name="guardian_interview" /><ref>{nftstat|4942}}</ref> | miaka=1998–2001<br />2001–2003<br />2001–2002<br />2002–2003<br />2003– | vilabu= [[Standard Liège]]<br />[[Olympique de Marseille|Olympique Marseille]]<br />→ [[CD Tenerife]] (loan)<br />→ [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] (loan)<br />[[Everton F.C.|Everton]] | caps(goals)={{0}}46 (2)<br />{{0}}23 (0)<br />{{0}}{{0}}0 (0)<br />{{0}}24 (0)<br />192 (8) | miakayataifa= 2001– | nationalcaps(goals) ={{0}}65 (5) | pcupdate=18:23, 10 Desemba 2009 (UTC) | ntupdate=20:39, 18 Novemba 2009 (UTC) }} '''Joseph Yobo''' (alizaliwa [[Kono]], [[Nigeria]], [[6 Septemba]] [[1980]]) alikuwa [[mlinzi]] wa [[timu]] ya Nigeria ya [[kandanda]] na ya klabu ya [[Ligi]] ya [[Uingereza]] ya [[Everton]]. Alikuwa [[nahodha]] wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[Nigeria]], na mchumba wake ni malkia wa urembo wa zamani [[Adaeze Igwe]]. Yeye ni mdogo wa [[Yobo Albert]] mchezaji wa zamani wa kimataifa. Mwanzoni mwa Julai 2008, ndugu yake mdogo Norum Yobo <ref>{{Cite url|url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/06072008/58/premier-league-everton-offer-yobo-assistance.html |title=Everton offer Yobo assistance}}</ref> alitekwa nyara mjini [[Bahari la Harcourt, Rivers State]], Nigeria na kushikwa kwa fidia. Hatimaye aliachiliwa huru baada ya siku 12 mnamo tarehe 17 Julai 2008 <ref>{{Cite url |url=http://kickoffnigeria.com/static/news/article.php?id=2260 |title=Yobo's Brother Released |accessdate=2009-12-18 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120525202803/http://kickoffnigeria.com/static/news/article.php?id=2260 |archivedate=2012-05-25 }}</ref> == Kazi yake == === Wasifu wa Klabu === Joseph Stefano Yobo alikulia mjini [[Port Harcourt]] na ni rafiki wa karibu wa [[Crewe Alexandra]], [[George Abbey]] ambaye walikua pamoja.<ref name="Copnall">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/3483353.stm|title=Abbey days|last=Copnall |first=James|date=12 Februari 2004|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=2009-04-27}}</ref> Baadaye aliomba ushauri kutoka kwa Abbey alipoamua kuhamia Uingereza.<ref name="Copnall"/> Yobo alihama Nigeria kuenda Ubelgiji kujiunga na [[Standard Liege]] mwaka wa 1998. Alijitokeza katika timu yake mara ya kwanza mwaka wa 2000, na akaendelea kujitokeza mara 46 katika klabu ya [[Ligi Jupiler.]] Mwaka wa 2001, alinunuliwa na klabu ya Kifaransa, [[Olympique Marseille]]. <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/low/football/africa/1493202.stm | title = European Preview: Belgium Transfers | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2001-08-15 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Muda mfupi baada ya maamuzi yake ya kwanza, Yobo alikopeshwa katika klabu ya [[CD Tenerife]] nchini Hispania. Baada ya karibu miezi 9 Yoboalirudi Marseille, kabla ya kujiunga na klabu ya [[Everton]]ya Uiingereza, kwa mkopo tena, mwezi Julai 2002. Ada ya £ 1m ilihitajika kusajili mchezaji huyu, na yeye akawa wa kwanza kusainiwa kama mchezaji mpya na meneja [[David Moyes]]. <ref name="bbc_2002"> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/low/football/teams/e/everton/2098473.stm | title = Everton complete Yobo chase | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2002-07-09 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Fursa ya kufanya hatua hiyo kudumu ilichukuliwa na kukamilika mwaka wa 2003 baada ya mzozo kati Yobo na Marseille mara ulipotatuliwa pamoja na kukubaliana na Everton kwa kuongeza £ 4m. <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2002/nov/28/newsstory.sport10 | title = Everton close in on Yobo's signature | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2002-11-28 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Yobo alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji thabiti zaidi katika kikosi cha Everton, na alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji saba tu katika ligi nzima waliocheza kila dakika ya kila mchezo katika kipindi cha [[2006-2007 Ligi Kuu ya msimu]] Kuchelewa kwa kutia saini mkataba mpya na Everton, mwaka 2006, kulisababisha uvumi kuwa anahamia [[Arsenal]], <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/e/everton/4873048.stm | title = Everton face Yobo contract delay | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2006-04-03 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> lakini tarehe 22 Julai Yobo alijitolea kwa Goodison Park hadi mwaka wa 2010. Kwanzia 15 Aprili 2007 Joseph Yobo ana rekodi ya wachezaji kutoka Ng'ambo katika timu ya Everton. Katika mchuano wa [[Kombe la UEFA]] kwa mechi dhidi ya [[AE Larissa]] ya [[Ugiriki]] tarehe 25 Oktoba 2007, Yobo alichukua usukani kwani [[Phil Neville]] hakuwepo na hivyo akawa Mwafrika wa kwanza kuwa nahodha wa klabu hiyo.Mnamo tarehe 16 Mei 2009 Yobo alifunga bao lake kwanza la msimu dhidi ya West Ham United na kushinda 3-1. Katika msimu wa 2009/10 ilibidi Yobo kuzoea kushirikiana na mshiriki wake mpya, [[Sylvain Distin]], baada [[Joleon Lescott]] kuhama na [[Phil Jagielka]] kujeruhiwa. Mnamo tarehe 29 Novemba 2009, alijifunga bao na Evertons kushindwa 2-0 na Liverpool katika katika mapambano ya timu za Merseyside. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/8377203.stm|title=Everton 0 - 2 Liverpool|date=2009-11-29|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=2009-12-02}}</ref> === Wasifu wa Kimataifa === [[Mnigeria]] huyu aliweza kucheza mechi tatu za [[Kimataifa]] na timu ya [[Super Eagles]] <ref name="bbc_2002"/> nchini Japan na Korea ya Kusini, katika mchuano wa [[Kombe la dunia la FIFA 2002]], na kusaidia upande wake, katika bao lao moja tu katika mchuano huo<ref name="everton_profile"/> Uchezaji wake wa kimataifa umepokea maneno chanya.<ref> {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/jan/22/africannationscup2008.africannationscup1 | title = Yobo and Toure provide light in the dark | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2008-01-22 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> == Ufadhili == Katika mwaka wa 2007 Joseph Yobo alianzisha [http://www.josephyobofoundation.org Shirikisho la mapendo la Joseph Yobo ,] {{Wayback|url=http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/ |date=20080122131511 }} ili kusaidia watoto wasijiweza nchini Nigeria. Tangu tarehe 18 Julai 2007 amepatiana zaidi ya 300 tuzo za udhamini kuanzia ngazi ya msingi hadi chuo kikuu. Yobo ameanzisha sule ya kadanda katika mkoa wa [[Ogoni]] Nigeria. Yeye pia anamiliki kambi la kandanda mjini [[Lagos]] kwa kushirikiana na [[Lagos Everton FC]]. == Takwimu == <ref> {{Cite url | url = http://www.11v11.com/index.php?pageID=537&playerID=13830 | title = Joseph Yobo : Biography }} </ref> <ref> {{soccerbase|id=22826|name=Joseph Yobo}} </ref> {{Football player statistics 1|YY}} {{Football player statistics 2|BEL|YY}} {{Football player statistics 2|FRA|YY}} == Tuzo == '''[[Everton]]''' * [[Kombe la FA]] ** Nafasi ya Pili'''(1):''' [[2009]] * [[Tuzo za CAF]] - alichaguliwa kama mchezaji bora msimu wa 2007/2008 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/caf/awards/146-egypt-dominates-glo-caf-awards.html|title=Egypt dominates glo-caf awards|publisher=CAFonline.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo|2}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.josephyobofoundation.org Joseph Yobo Foundation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/ |date=20080122131511 }} Charity ilianzishwa na Joseph Yobo * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6904226.stm BBC Coverage ya Joseph Yobo Foundation] * [http://www.supereaglesnation.com/Records.asp Kuonekana Kitaifa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.supereaglesnation.com/Records.asp |date=20100604041417 }} {{Navboxes colour |title=Nigeria Squads | bg = #008751 | fg = White |bordercolor= |list1= {{Nigeria Squad 2002 World Cup}} {{Nigeria Squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Nigeria Squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yobo, Joseph}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Olympique de Marseille]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Port Harcourt]] pwwlbxva823ss4wubr7za5u9ir4myhq 1236813 1236812 2022-07-30T09:44:19Z BevoLJ 53014 - <ref name="everton_profile"/>, + |} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Football player infobox | jinalamchezaji= Joseph Yobo | picha =[[Picha:JosephYobo.JPG|200px]] | jinakamili = Joseph Phillip Yobo | tareheyakuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|1980|9|6|df=y}} | mjialiozaliwa = [[Kono]] | nchialiozaliwa = [[Nigeria]] | timuyataifa = [[Nigeria]] | urefu={{height|m=1.88}}<ref name="guardian_interview"> {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2003/sep/07/sport.comment2 | title = Yobo in power play | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2003-09-07 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }}</ref> | nafasi= beki wa kati | klabuyasasa= [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] | nambayaklabu= 4 | miakayavijana= 1996–1997 | klabuzavijana= Michellin Port-Harcourt<ref name="guardian_interview" /><ref>{nftstat|4942}}</ref> | miaka=1998–2001<br />2001–2003<br />2001–2002<br />2002–2003<br />2003– | vilabu= [[Standard Liège]]<br />[[Olympique de Marseille|Olympique Marseille]]<br />→ [[CD Tenerife]] (loan)<br />→ [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] (loan)<br />[[Everton F.C.|Everton]] | caps(goals)={{0}}46 (2)<br />{{0}}23 (0)<br />{{0}}{{0}}0 (0)<br />{{0}}24 (0)<br />192 (8) | miakayataifa= 2001– | nationalcaps(goals) ={{0}}65 (5) | pcupdate=18:23, 10 Desemba 2009 (UTC) | ntupdate=20:39, 18 Novemba 2009 (UTC) }} '''Joseph Yobo''' (alizaliwa [[Kono]], [[Nigeria]], [[6 Septemba]] [[1980]]) alikuwa [[mlinzi]] wa [[timu]] ya Nigeria ya [[kandanda]] na ya klabu ya [[Ligi]] ya [[Uingereza]] ya [[Everton]]. Alikuwa [[nahodha]] wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[Nigeria]], na mchumba wake ni malkia wa urembo wa zamani [[Adaeze Igwe]]. Yeye ni mdogo wa [[Yobo Albert]] mchezaji wa zamani wa kimataifa. Mwanzoni mwa Julai 2008, ndugu yake mdogo Norum Yobo <ref>{{Cite url|url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/06072008/58/premier-league-everton-offer-yobo-assistance.html |title=Everton offer Yobo assistance}}</ref> alitekwa nyara mjini [[Bahari la Harcourt, Rivers State]], Nigeria na kushikwa kwa fidia. Hatimaye aliachiliwa huru baada ya siku 12 mnamo tarehe 17 Julai 2008 <ref>{{Cite url |url=http://kickoffnigeria.com/static/news/article.php?id=2260 |title=Yobo's Brother Released |accessdate=2009-12-18 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120525202803/http://kickoffnigeria.com/static/news/article.php?id=2260 |archivedate=2012-05-25 }}</ref> == Kazi yake == === Wasifu wa Klabu === Joseph Stefano Yobo alikulia mjini [[Port Harcourt]] na ni rafiki wa karibu wa [[Crewe Alexandra]], [[George Abbey]] ambaye walikua pamoja.<ref name="Copnall">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/3483353.stm|title=Abbey days|last=Copnall |first=James|date=12 Februari 2004|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=2009-04-27}}</ref> Baadaye aliomba ushauri kutoka kwa Abbey alipoamua kuhamia Uingereza.<ref name="Copnall"/> Yobo alihama Nigeria kuenda Ubelgiji kujiunga na [[Standard Liege]] mwaka wa 1998. Alijitokeza katika timu yake mara ya kwanza mwaka wa 2000, na akaendelea kujitokeza mara 46 katika klabu ya [[Ligi Jupiler.]] Mwaka wa 2001, alinunuliwa na klabu ya Kifaransa, [[Olympique Marseille]]. <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/low/football/africa/1493202.stm | title = European Preview: Belgium Transfers | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2001-08-15 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Muda mfupi baada ya maamuzi yake ya kwanza, Yobo alikopeshwa katika klabu ya [[CD Tenerife]] nchini Hispania. Baada ya karibu miezi 9 Yoboalirudi Marseille, kabla ya kujiunga na klabu ya [[Everton]]ya Uiingereza, kwa mkopo tena, mwezi Julai 2002. Ada ya £ 1m ilihitajika kusajili mchezaji huyu, na yeye akawa wa kwanza kusainiwa kama mchezaji mpya na meneja [[David Moyes]]. <ref name="bbc_2002"> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/low/football/teams/e/everton/2098473.stm | title = Everton complete Yobo chase | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2002-07-09 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Fursa ya kufanya hatua hiyo kudumu ilichukuliwa na kukamilika mwaka wa 2003 baada ya mzozo kati Yobo na Marseille mara ulipotatuliwa pamoja na kukubaliana na Everton kwa kuongeza £ 4m. <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2002/nov/28/newsstory.sport10 | title = Everton close in on Yobo's signature | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2002-11-28 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> Yobo alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji thabiti zaidi katika kikosi cha Everton, na alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji saba tu katika ligi nzima waliocheza kila dakika ya kila mchezo katika kipindi cha [[2006-2007 Ligi Kuu ya msimu]] Kuchelewa kwa kutia saini mkataba mpya na Everton, mwaka 2006, kulisababisha uvumi kuwa anahamia [[Arsenal]], <ref> {{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/e/everton/4873048.stm | title = Everton face Yobo contract delay | work = [[BBC]] | date = 2006-04-03 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> lakini tarehe 22 Julai Yobo alijitolea kwa Goodison Park hadi mwaka wa 2010. Kwanzia 15 Aprili 2007 Joseph Yobo ana rekodi ya wachezaji kutoka Ng'ambo katika timu ya Everton. Katika mchuano wa [[Kombe la UEFA]] kwa mechi dhidi ya [[AE Larissa]] ya [[Ugiriki]] tarehe 25 Oktoba 2007, Yobo alichukua usukani kwani [[Phil Neville]] hakuwepo na hivyo akawa Mwafrika wa kwanza kuwa nahodha wa klabu hiyo.Mnamo tarehe 16 Mei 2009 Yobo alifunga bao lake kwanza la msimu dhidi ya West Ham United na kushinda 3-1. Katika msimu wa 2009/10 ilibidi Yobo kuzoea kushirikiana na mshiriki wake mpya, [[Sylvain Distin]], baada [[Joleon Lescott]] kuhama na [[Phil Jagielka]] kujeruhiwa. Mnamo tarehe 29 Novemba 2009, alijifunga bao na Evertons kushindwa 2-0 na Liverpool katika katika mapambano ya timu za Merseyside. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/8377203.stm|title=Everton 0 - 2 Liverpool|date=2009-11-29|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=2009-12-02}}</ref> === Wasifu wa Kimataifa === [[Mnigeria]] huyu aliweza kucheza mechi tatu za [[Kimataifa]] na timu ya [[Super Eagles]] <ref name="bbc_2002"/> nchini Japan na Korea ya Kusini, katika mchuano wa [[Kombe la dunia la FIFA 2002]], na kusaidia upande wake, katika bao lao moja tu katika mchuano huo Uchezaji wake wa kimataifa umepokea maneno chanya.<ref> {{Cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/jan/22/africannationscup2008.africannationscup1 | title = Yobo and Toure provide light in the dark | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 2008-01-22 | accessdate = 2008-09-19 }} </ref> == Ufadhili == Katika mwaka wa 2007 Joseph Yobo alianzisha [http://www.josephyobofoundation.org Shirikisho la mapendo la Joseph Yobo ,] {{Wayback|url=http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/ |date=20080122131511 }} ili kusaidia watoto wasijiweza nchini Nigeria. Tangu tarehe 18 Julai 2007 amepatiana zaidi ya 300 tuzo za udhamini kuanzia ngazi ya msingi hadi chuo kikuu. Yobo ameanzisha sule ya kadanda katika mkoa wa [[Ogoni]] Nigeria. Yeye pia anamiliki kambi la kandanda mjini [[Lagos]] kwa kushirikiana na [[Lagos Everton FC]]. == Takwimu == <ref> {{Cite url | url = http://www.11v11.com/index.php?pageID=537&playerID=13830 | title = Joseph Yobo : Biography }} </ref> <ref> {{soccerbase|id=22826|name=Joseph Yobo}} </ref> {{Football player statistics 1|YY}} {{Football player statistics 2|BEL|YY}} {{Football player statistics 2|FRA|YY}} |} == Tuzo == '''[[Everton]]''' * [[Kombe la FA]] ** Nafasi ya Pili'''(1):''' [[2009]] * [[Tuzo za CAF]] - alichaguliwa kama mchezaji bora msimu wa 2007/2008 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/caf/awards/146-egypt-dominates-glo-caf-awards.html|title=Egypt dominates glo-caf awards|publisher=CAFonline.com}}</ref> == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.josephyobofoundation.org Joseph Yobo Foundation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/ |date=20080122131511 }} Charity ilianzishwa na Joseph Yobo * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6904226.stm BBC Coverage ya Joseph Yobo Foundation] * [http://www.supereaglesnation.com/Records.asp Kuonekana Kitaifa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.supereaglesnation.com/Records.asp |date=20100604041417 }} == Marejeo == {{Marejeo|2}} {{Navboxes colour |title=Nigeria Squads | bg = #008751 | fg = White |bordercolor= |list1= {{Nigeria Squad 2002 World Cup}} {{Nigeria Squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Nigeria Squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yobo, Joseph}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Olympique de Marseille]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Port Harcourt]] rqkyi40o8bt7sqv1mruaxdz5e5r0pu9 0 34274 1236798 1213329 2022-07-30T07:34:18Z BevoLJ 53014 - {{Fb}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox national football team | Name = South Africa | Badge = South Africa FA.png | FIFA Trigramme = RSA | Nickname = ''Bafana Bafana<br />(The Boys, The Boys)'' | Association = [[South African Football Association|South African<br />Football Association]] | Confederation = [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] ([[Africa]]) | Coach = [[Carlos Alberto Parreira]] (Oct 2009-) | Captain = [[Aaron Mokoena]] | Most caps = [[Aaron Mokoena]] (94) | Top scorer = [[Benedict McCarthy|Benni McCarthy]] (32) | Home Stadium = [[FNB Stadium|First National Bank Stadium]] | FIFA Rank = 85 | FIFA max = 16| FIFA max date = Agosti 1996| FIFA min = 109| FIFA min date = Agosti 1993| Elo Rank = 83 | Elo max = 21 (9)| Elo max date = Septemba 1996 (Oktoba 1955)<ref>The [http://www.eloratings.net/world.html Elo ratings website] lists 21 as the highest reached position, though after 23 (too few?) matches between 1947 and 1955, almost all with Australia and New Zealand, it had reached [http://www.eloratings.net/South_Africa.htm 9th place].</ref> | Elo min = 94| Elo min date = Mei 2006| pattern_la1=_rsa10h|pattern_b1=_rsa10h|pattern_ra1=_rsa10h|pattern_so1=_color_3_stripes_yellow| leftarm1=019585|body1=019585|rightarm1=019585|shorts1=F7EB29|socks1=019585| pattern_la2=_safrica_0910|pattern_b2=_safrica_0910|pattern_ra2=_safrica_0910|pattern_so2=_color_3_stripes_yellow| leftarm2=019585|body2=019585|rightarm2=019585|shorts2=F7EB29|socks2=019585| First game ={{Flag icon|Argentina|alt}} [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] 0 - 1 South Africa {{Flag icon|UK}}<br />([[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]; 9 Julai 1906) | Largest win ={{Flag icon|Australia}} [[Australia national football team|Australia]] 0 - 8 South Africa {{Flag icon|South Africa|1928}}<br />([[Adelaide]], [[Australia]]; 17 Septemba 1955) | Largest loss ={{Flag icon|Australia}} [[Australia national football team|Australia]] 5 - 1 South Africa {{Flag icon|South Africa|1928}}<br />([[Newcastle, New South Wales|Newcastle]], [[Australia]]; 7 Juni 1947)<br />{{Flag icon|Mexico}} [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]] 4 - 0 South Africa {{Flag icon|South Africa|1928}}<br />([[Los Angeles]], [[United States|US]]; 6 Oktoba 1993)<br />{{Flag icon|United States}} [[United States men's national soccer team|USA]] 4 - 0 South Africa {{Flag icon|South Africa}}<br />([[Washington, DC|Washington]], [[United States|US]]; 3 Juni 2000)<br />{{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] 4 - 0 South Africa {{Flag icon|South Africa}}<br />([[Monastir, Tunisia|Monastir]], [[Tunisia]]; 31 Januari 2004) | World cup apps = 2 | World cup first = 1998 | World cup best = Round 1, [[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]] and [[2002 FIFA World Cup|2002]] | Regional name = [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] | Regional cup apps = 7 | Regional cup first = [[1996 African Nations Cup|1996]] | Regional cup best = Winners, [[1996 African Nations Cup|1996]]| Confederations cup apps = 2 | Confederations cup first = [[1997 FIFA Confederations Cup|1997]] | Confederations cup best = 4th place, [[2009 FIFA Confederations Cup|2009]] }} '''Timu ya kandanda ya kitaifa Afrika Kusini''' au '''Bafana Bafana''' ni timu ya kitaifa ya [[Afrika Kusini]] na hudhibitiwa na [[Shrikisho la Kandanda la Afrika Kusini]] (SAFA). Walirudi kwenye jukwaa la dunia mwaka wa 1992, baada ya miaka ya kupigwa marufuku kutoka FIFA. Watakuwa mwenyeji wa kombe la dunia la FIFA mnamo Juni 2010 baada ya kuwa mwenyeji wa Kombe la Shirikisho la FIFA mwaka wa 2009. Afrika Kusini itakuwa nchi ya kwanza barani Afrika kuwa mwenyeji wa [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]]. Wao wamekuja njia ndefu kuanzia wakati walipigwa marufuku na FIFA mwaka wa 1962 na kuwa mwenyeji wa Kombe la Dunia. == Historia == Kandanda iliwasili kwa mara kwanza nchini Afrika Kusini kupitia ukoloni mwishoni mwa karne ya kumi na tisa, kwani mchezo huu ulikuwa maarufu miongoni mwa askari wa Uingereza. Kuanzia siku za mwanzo wa mchezo huu nchini Afrika Kusini hadi mwisho wa ubaguzi wa rangi, kandanda ya kupangwa iliathiriwa na mfumo wa nchi wa ubaguzi wa rangi. Shirikisho la Kandanda la Afrika Kusini (FASA-Football Association of South Africa) lililokuwa la wazungu pekee wakati huo, lilianzishwa mwaka wa 1892, wakati Shirikisho la Kandanda la Kihindi la Afrika Kusini (SAIFA- South African Indian Football Association), Shirikisho la Kandanda la Bantu la Afrika Kusini (SABFA- South African Bantu Football Association) na Shirikisho la Kandanda la Rangi la Afrika Kusini (SACFA- South African Coloured Football Association) yalianzishwa katika miaka ya 1903, 1933 na 1936 mtawalia. Afrika Kusini ilikuwa moja kati ya mataifa nne ya Afrika kuhudhuria mkutano wa FIFA wa mwaka wa 1953, ambapo wote wanne walidai, kushinda, uwakilishi kwenye kamati FIFA. Hivyo mataifa haya manne (Afrika Kusini, [[Ethiopia]], [[Misri]] na [[Sudan]]) zilianzisha Shirikisho la kandanda la Kiafrika (Confederation of African Football-CAF) mwaka wa 1956, [5] na mwakilishi wa Afrika Kusini, Fred Fell, alihudhuria mkutano wa kwanza kama mwanachama mwanzilishi. Ilkuja kuwa wazi kuwa katiba ya Afrika Kusini ilipiga marufuku timu zenye wachezaji wa rangi tofauti kutoshiriki katika mchezo ya ushindani na hivyo basi wangeweza kutuma tu aidha ni timu ya Waafrika pekee au timu ya Wazungu pekee kwa Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika ya mwaka wa 1957 iliyopangwa. Hii ilikuwa haikubaliki kwa wanachama wengine wa Shirikisho na Afrika Kusini ilipigwa marufuku kutoshiriki kwenye mashindano hayo, hata hivyo baadhi ya vyanzo vilisema kwamba walijiondoa kutokana na hiari yao. Katika mkutano wa pili wa CAF mwaka wa 1958 Afrika Kusini walifukuzwa rasmi kutoka kwa CAF. Wazungu(FASA) waliandikishwa kwa FIFA katika mwaka huo huo, lakini mnamo Agosti 1960 Afrika Kusini ilipewa muda wa mwaka mmoja kuzingatia kanuni za kutobagua rangi za FIFA. Mnamo 26 Septemba 1961 katika mkutano wa kila mwaka wa FIFA, Shirikisho la Afrika Kusini lilipigwa marufuku rasmi kwa muda kutoka FIFA. Sir [[Stanley Rous]], rais wa Shirikisho la Kandanda la Uingereza na mtetezi wa uanachama wa FIFA wa Afrika Kusini, aliteuliwa kama rais wa FIFA siku chache baadaye. Rous alikuwa na uhakika kwamba michezo, na FIFA hasa, haipaswi kujihusisha katika masuala ya kisiasa na dhidi ya upinzani mkali. Aliendelea kupinga majaribio kufukuza Afrika Kusini kutoka FIFA. Marufuku hiyo ilitupiliwa mbali mnamo Januari 1963 baada ya Rous kuitembelea Afrika Kusini kuchunguza hali ya mpira nchini. Rous alitangaza kuwa iwapo marufuku haitatolewa, kandanda nchini Afrika Kusini ingekomeshwa, ikiwezekana kwa uhakika hakungekuwa na ahueni. Mkutano uliyofuata wa FIFA mnamo Oktoba 1964 ulifanyika katika mji mkuu wa Tokyo na ulihudhuriwa na wawakilishi wengi wakubwa kutoka mashirika ya Afrika na Asia na hapa kusimamishwa kwa uanachama wa Afrika Kusini kulipitishwa tena. Mwaka wa 1976, baada ya uasi ya Soweto, walifukuzwa rasmi kutoka FIFA. Mwaka wa 1991, huku mfumo wa ubaguzi wa rangi ukianza kupotea, shirikisho mpya ya kandanda ya Afrika Kusini ya watu wa rangi tofauti ilianzishwa na ikaandikishwa na FIFA. Mnamo 7 Julai 1992, timu ya kitaifa ya Afrika Kusini ilicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa miongo miwili, na kuicharaza [[Kamerun]] 1-0. Afrika Kusini walishiriki katika kombe la dunia la miaka ya 1998 na 2002, lakini walishindwa kufuzu kutoka kwa makundi yao mara zote mbili. Walikuwa mwenyeji (na washindi) wa Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika ya mwaka wa 1996 na watakuwa mwenyeji Kombe la Dunia wa mwaka wa 2010, tiafa ya kwanza barani [[Afrika]] kufanya hivyo. Afrika Kusini walishindwa kuvutia wafuasi wa nchi yao kwa kutofunga bao katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la 2006. Kufuatia maonyesho mabaya na mchezo mbaya katika shindano hilo iliamuliwa kwamba ilikuwa ya kukodisha meneja mwenye uzoefu zaidi kulikuwa muhimu. Uvumi ulianza kuruka, kabla ya mwaka wa 2006, kuwa kocha wa Uingereza, [[Sven-Göran Eriksson]] ndiye mtu aliyefaa kupewa kazi hiyo, na SAFA ilifaa kumlipa kitita cha randi milioni 30 kusaidia Bafana-Bafana katika utukufu mwaka wa 2010. Hata hivyo habari hiyo imekataliwa. Hivi karibuni zaidi kocha wa zamani wa Brazili [[Carlos Alberto Parreira]] alikubali kazi hiyo. hiyo. Alisaini mkataba wa randi milioni 100 wa miaka minne. Muda wake kama meneja ulianza 1 Januari 2007 kulenga kushinda kombe la dunia la 2010 lakini alijiuzulu mwezi Aprili 2008 kutokana na sababu za kifamilia. [[Joel Santana]] alisaini mkataba kama kocha wa Afrika Kusini hadi mwaka wa 2010. Afrika Kusini ilikuwa mwenyeji wa Kombe la Shirikisho la mwaka wa 2009, mwaka kabla ya Kombe lao la Dunia, na kumaliza katika nafasi ya nne, kupitia hatua za kundi kwa kushinda na kutoka sare, licha ya kucharazwa. Basi waliopoteza katika nusu fainali kwa kufungwa bao la “free-kick” madakika ya mwisho baada ya kuwa sare ya 0-0 kwa muda mwingi wa mechi hiyo. Katika mechi ya kupata timu ya 3 na 4, walipoteza mechi hiyo kwa Uhispania baada ya muda wa ziada, licha ya kuongoza 1-0 katika nusu ya kwanza. Kwa watangazaji wengi uwezo wa Bafana Bafana kupambana na mabingwa wa Marekani Kusini na mabingwa wa Ulaya ulionyesha pahali timu hii imetoka. == Tuzo == * {{sport honours|[[African Cup of Nations]]|1|1996}} * {{sport honours|[[COSAFA Cup]]|3|2002, 2007, 2008}} == Rekodi ya kimataifa == === Kombe la Dunia === Ingawa Afrika Kusini imeshiriki mara mbili katika Kombe la Dunia, hawajafaulu kupita raundi ya kwanza. Ushiriki wao wa kwanza ulikuwa katika kombe la dunia la mwaka wa 1998 nchini Ufaransa, miaka sita baada ya kuandikishwa tena katika familia ya kandanda ya dunia. Licha ya kucharazwa na Ufaransa kwa mabao tatu bila jibu katika mechi yao wa ufunguzi, walitoka sare dhidi ya Denmark na Saudi Arabia. Korea / Japan mwaka wa 2002 ulitarajiwa kuwa fursa kwa Bafana Bafana kupita raundi ya kwanza, kwa bahati mbaya hawakufanikiwa, walioondolewa baada ya mechi za kundi licha ya kuicharaza Slovenia kwa bao moja bila jibu kwa ushindi wao wa kwanza katika kombe la dunia . === [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !mwaka !Tokeo !Nafasi !P !W !D !L !GS !GA |- | Uruguay [[1930]] | rowspan="7" colspan="8"|Hawakuingia |- | {{Flag icon|Italy|old}} [[1934]] |- | Ufaransa [[1938]] |- | Brazil [[1950]] |- | Uswizi [[1954]] |- | Uswidi [[1958]] |- | Chile [[1962]] |- | Uingereza [[1966]] | rowspan="7" colspan="8"|Marufuku kutoka FIFA |- | Meksiko [[1970]] |- | Ujerumani Magharibi [[1974]] |- | Ajentina [[1978]] |- | Uhispania [[1982]] |- | Meksiko [[1986]] |- | {{Flag icon|Italy}} [[1990]] |- | Marekani [[1994]] | colspan="8"|Hawakufuzu |- | Ufaransa [[1998]] | Raundi ya 1 | 24 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6. |- | Korea Kusini {{Flag icon|Japan}} [[2002]] | Raundi ya 1 | 17 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 |- | {{Flag icon|Germany}} [[2006]] | colspan="8"|Hawakufuzu |- | style="border:3px solid red"|{{Flag icon|South Africa}} [[2010]] | Walifuzu | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- | '''Jumla''' | 3 / 19 | | 6. | 1 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 11 |- |} === [[Kombe la Shirikisho la FIFA]] === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%" |- !mwaka !Raundi !GP !W !D !L !GS !GA |- | Saudi Arabia [[1992]] | rowspan="2" colspan="7"|Hawakufuzu |- | Saudi Arabia [[1995]] |- | Saudi Arabia [[1997]] | Raundi | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 7 |- | Meksiko [[1999]] | rowspan="4" colspan="7"|Hawakufuzu |- | Korea Kusini [[2001]] |- | Ufaransa [[2003]] |- | {{Flag icon|Germany}} [[2005]] |- | style="border:3px solid red"|Afrika Kusini [[2009]] | Nafasi ya 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 |- | '''Jumla''' | 2 / 8 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 9 |- |} === [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%" |- !mwaka !Tokeo !GP !W !D * !L !GS !GA |- | Sudan [[1957]] | colspan="7"|WAlipigwa marufuku kutokana na ubaguzi wa rangi |- | Misri [[1959]] | colspan="17" rowspan="17"|Marufuku kutoka CAF |- | Ethiopia [[1962]] |- | Ghana [[1963]] |- | Tunisia [[1965]] |- | Ethiopia [[1968]] |- | Sudan [[1970]] |- | Kamerun [[1972]] |- | Misri [[1974]] |- | Ethiopia [[1976]] |- | Ghana [[1978]] |- | Ghana [[1980]] |- | Libya [[1982]] |- | Côte d'Ivoire [[1984]] |- | Misri [[1986]] |- | Moroko [[1988]] |- | Algeria [[1990]] |- | Senegal [[1992]] |- | Tunisia [[1994]] | colspan="7"|Hawakufuzu |- | bgcolor="Gold" style="border:3px solid red"|{{Flag icon|South Africa}} [[1996]] | bgcolor="Gold"|'''Mabingwa''' | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- | bgcolor="Silver"|{{Flag icon|Burkina Faso}} [[1998]] | bgcolor="Silver"|Nafasi ya 2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- | bgcolor="#cc9966"|{{Flag icon|Ghana}} {{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[2000]] | bgcolor="#cc9966"|Nafasi ya 3 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- | {{Flag icon|Mali}} [[2002]] | Robo-fainali | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- | {{Flag icon|Tunisia}} [[2004]] | Raundi ya 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- | {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[2006]] | Raundi ya 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- | {{Flag icon|Ghana}} [[2008]] | Raundi ya 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- | {{Flag icon|Angola}} [[2010]] | colspan="7"|Hawakufuzu |- | {{Flag icon|Gabon}} {{Flag icon|Equatorial Guinea}} [[2012]] | colspan="7"|Itadhamiriwa |- | {{Flag icon|Libya}} [[2014]] | colspan="7"|Itadhamiriwa |- | '''Jumla''' | 7 / 27 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- |} == Wakufunzi wa Zamani == * Stanley Tshabalala 1992 * Efraimu Mashaba 1992 * Augusto Palacios 1992-94 * Clive Barker 1994-97 * Jomo Sono 1998 * Philippe Troussier 1998 * Trott Moloto 1998-00 * Carlos Queiroz 2000-02 * Jomo Sono 2002 * Efraimu Mashaba 2002-03 * Phumo Aprili 2004 * Stuart Baxter 2004-05 * Ted Dumitru 2005-06 * Pitso Mosimane 2006 * Carlos Alberto Parreira 2007-08 * Joel Santana 2008-2009 * Carlos Alberto Parreira 2009 -- == Wachezaji waliocheza mechi nyingi zaidi == {| border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" |- align="center" style="background:#efefef" !Mchezaji !Wasifu wa Afrika Kusini !Matokeo(Mabao) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Aaron Mokoena]] | 1999-hadi leo | 94 (1) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Benni McCarthy]] | 1997-hadi leo | 77 (32) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Shaun Bartlett]] | 1995-2005 | 74 (28) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Yohana Moshoeu]] | 1993-2004 | 73 (8) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Delron Buckley]] | 1998-hadi leo | 72 (10) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Siyabonga Nomvethe]] | 1999-hadi leo | 72 (15) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Lucas Radebe]] | 1992-2003 | 70 (2) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Andre Arendse]] | 1995-2004 | 67 (0) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Sibusiso Zuma]] | 1998-2008 | 67 (13) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Helman Mkhalele]] | 1994-2001 | 66 (8) |- align="center" |} === Wafungaji bora wa Mabao === {| border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" |- align="center" style="background:#efefef" !Mchezaji !Wasifu wa Afrika Kusini !Mabao (Matokeo) |- |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Benni McCarthy]] | 1997-hadi leo | 32 (77) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Shaun Bartlett]] | 1995-2005 | 28 (74) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Phil Masinga]] | 1992-2001 | 18 (58) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Siyabonga Nomvethe]] | 1999-hadi leo | 15 (72) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Sibusiso Zuma]] | 1998-2008 | 13 (67) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Delron Buckley]] | 1998-hadi leo | 10 (72) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Daktari Khumalo]] | 1992-2001 | 9 (50) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Teko Modise]] | 2007-hadi leo | 9 (40) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Helman Mkhalele]] | 1994-2001 | 8 (66) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Yohana Moshoeu]] | 1993-2004 | 8 (73) |} == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.safa.net/ South Africa FA official website] * [http://www.thenationalteam.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49&amp;country=South%20Africa Habari na matokeo ya timu ya kitaifa ya Afrika ya Kusini] {{Football in South Africa}} {{International Football}} {{CAF timu}} {{2010 FIFA World Cup finalists}} {{2008 Africa Cup of Nations finalists}} {{National Sports Teams of South Africa}} [[Jamii:Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda|Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:michezo nchini Afrika Kusini]] jnfxbvdccgnsutxt9hkktff274gvp23 1236804 1236798 2022-07-30T07:53:45Z BevoLJ 53014 /* Viungo vya nje */ + {{Navboxes}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox national football team | Name = South Africa | Badge = South Africa FA.png | FIFA Trigramme = RSA | Nickname = ''Bafana Bafana<br />(The Boys, The Boys)'' | Association = [[South African Football Association|South African<br />Football Association]] | Confederation = [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] ([[Africa]]) | Coach = [[Carlos Alberto Parreira]] (Oct 2009-) | Captain = [[Aaron Mokoena]] | Most caps = [[Aaron Mokoena]] (94) | Top scorer = [[Benedict McCarthy|Benni McCarthy]] (32) | Home Stadium = [[FNB Stadium|First National Bank Stadium]] | FIFA Rank = 85 | FIFA max = 16| FIFA max date = Agosti 1996| FIFA min = 109| FIFA min date = Agosti 1993| Elo Rank = 83 | Elo max = 21 (9)| Elo max date = Septemba 1996 (Oktoba 1955)<ref>The [http://www.eloratings.net/world.html Elo ratings website] lists 21 as the highest reached position, though after 23 (too few?) matches between 1947 and 1955, almost all with Australia and New Zealand, it had reached [http://www.eloratings.net/South_Africa.htm 9th place].</ref> | Elo min = 94| Elo min date = Mei 2006| pattern_la1=_rsa10h|pattern_b1=_rsa10h|pattern_ra1=_rsa10h|pattern_so1=_color_3_stripes_yellow| leftarm1=019585|body1=019585|rightarm1=019585|shorts1=F7EB29|socks1=019585| pattern_la2=_safrica_0910|pattern_b2=_safrica_0910|pattern_ra2=_safrica_0910|pattern_so2=_color_3_stripes_yellow| leftarm2=019585|body2=019585|rightarm2=019585|shorts2=F7EB29|socks2=019585| First game ={{Flag icon|Argentina|alt}} [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] 0 - 1 South Africa {{Flag icon|UK}}<br />([[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]; 9 Julai 1906) | Largest win ={{Flag icon|Australia}} [[Australia national football team|Australia]] 0 - 8 South Africa {{Flag icon|South Africa|1928}}<br />([[Adelaide]], [[Australia]]; 17 Septemba 1955) | Largest loss ={{Flag icon|Australia}} [[Australia national football team|Australia]] 5 - 1 South Africa {{Flag icon|South Africa|1928}}<br />([[Newcastle, New South Wales|Newcastle]], [[Australia]]; 7 Juni 1947)<br />{{Flag icon|Mexico}} [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]] 4 - 0 South Africa {{Flag icon|South Africa|1928}}<br />([[Los Angeles]], [[United States|US]]; 6 Oktoba 1993)<br />{{Flag icon|United States}} [[United States men's national soccer team|USA]] 4 - 0 South Africa {{Flag icon|South Africa}}<br />([[Washington, DC|Washington]], [[United States|US]]; 3 Juni 2000)<br />{{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] 4 - 0 South Africa {{Flag icon|South Africa}}<br />([[Monastir, Tunisia|Monastir]], [[Tunisia]]; 31 Januari 2004) | World cup apps = 2 | World cup first = 1998 | World cup best = Round 1, [[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]] and [[2002 FIFA World Cup|2002]] | Regional name = [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] | Regional cup apps = 7 | Regional cup first = [[1996 African Nations Cup|1996]] | Regional cup best = Winners, [[1996 African Nations Cup|1996]]| Confederations cup apps = 2 | Confederations cup first = [[1997 FIFA Confederations Cup|1997]] | Confederations cup best = 4th place, [[2009 FIFA Confederations Cup|2009]] }} '''Timu ya kandanda ya kitaifa Afrika Kusini''' au '''Bafana Bafana''' ni timu ya kitaifa ya [[Afrika Kusini]] na hudhibitiwa na [[Shrikisho la Kandanda la Afrika Kusini]] (SAFA). Walirudi kwenye jukwaa la dunia mwaka wa 1992, baada ya miaka ya kupigwa marufuku kutoka FIFA. Watakuwa mwenyeji wa kombe la dunia la FIFA mnamo Juni 2010 baada ya kuwa mwenyeji wa Kombe la Shirikisho la FIFA mwaka wa 2009. Afrika Kusini itakuwa nchi ya kwanza barani Afrika kuwa mwenyeji wa [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]]. Wao wamekuja njia ndefu kuanzia wakati walipigwa marufuku na FIFA mwaka wa 1962 na kuwa mwenyeji wa Kombe la Dunia. == Historia == Kandanda iliwasili kwa mara kwanza nchini Afrika Kusini kupitia ukoloni mwishoni mwa karne ya kumi na tisa, kwani mchezo huu ulikuwa maarufu miongoni mwa askari wa Uingereza. Kuanzia siku za mwanzo wa mchezo huu nchini Afrika Kusini hadi mwisho wa ubaguzi wa rangi, kandanda ya kupangwa iliathiriwa na mfumo wa nchi wa ubaguzi wa rangi. Shirikisho la Kandanda la Afrika Kusini (FASA-Football Association of South Africa) lililokuwa la wazungu pekee wakati huo, lilianzishwa mwaka wa 1892, wakati Shirikisho la Kandanda la Kihindi la Afrika Kusini (SAIFA- South African Indian Football Association), Shirikisho la Kandanda la Bantu la Afrika Kusini (SABFA- South African Bantu Football Association) na Shirikisho la Kandanda la Rangi la Afrika Kusini (SACFA- South African Coloured Football Association) yalianzishwa katika miaka ya 1903, 1933 na 1936 mtawalia. Afrika Kusini ilikuwa moja kati ya mataifa nne ya Afrika kuhudhuria mkutano wa FIFA wa mwaka wa 1953, ambapo wote wanne walidai, kushinda, uwakilishi kwenye kamati FIFA. Hivyo mataifa haya manne (Afrika Kusini, [[Ethiopia]], [[Misri]] na [[Sudan]]) zilianzisha Shirikisho la kandanda la Kiafrika (Confederation of African Football-CAF) mwaka wa 1956, [5] na mwakilishi wa Afrika Kusini, Fred Fell, alihudhuria mkutano wa kwanza kama mwanachama mwanzilishi. Ilkuja kuwa wazi kuwa katiba ya Afrika Kusini ilipiga marufuku timu zenye wachezaji wa rangi tofauti kutoshiriki katika mchezo ya ushindani na hivyo basi wangeweza kutuma tu aidha ni timu ya Waafrika pekee au timu ya Wazungu pekee kwa Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika ya mwaka wa 1957 iliyopangwa. Hii ilikuwa haikubaliki kwa wanachama wengine wa Shirikisho na Afrika Kusini ilipigwa marufuku kutoshiriki kwenye mashindano hayo, hata hivyo baadhi ya vyanzo vilisema kwamba walijiondoa kutokana na hiari yao. Katika mkutano wa pili wa CAF mwaka wa 1958 Afrika Kusini walifukuzwa rasmi kutoka kwa CAF. Wazungu(FASA) waliandikishwa kwa FIFA katika mwaka huo huo, lakini mnamo Agosti 1960 Afrika Kusini ilipewa muda wa mwaka mmoja kuzingatia kanuni za kutobagua rangi za FIFA. Mnamo 26 Septemba 1961 katika mkutano wa kila mwaka wa FIFA, Shirikisho la Afrika Kusini lilipigwa marufuku rasmi kwa muda kutoka FIFA. Sir [[Stanley Rous]], rais wa Shirikisho la Kandanda la Uingereza na mtetezi wa uanachama wa FIFA wa Afrika Kusini, aliteuliwa kama rais wa FIFA siku chache baadaye. Rous alikuwa na uhakika kwamba michezo, na FIFA hasa, haipaswi kujihusisha katika masuala ya kisiasa na dhidi ya upinzani mkali. Aliendelea kupinga majaribio kufukuza Afrika Kusini kutoka FIFA. Marufuku hiyo ilitupiliwa mbali mnamo Januari 1963 baada ya Rous kuitembelea Afrika Kusini kuchunguza hali ya mpira nchini. Rous alitangaza kuwa iwapo marufuku haitatolewa, kandanda nchini Afrika Kusini ingekomeshwa, ikiwezekana kwa uhakika hakungekuwa na ahueni. Mkutano uliyofuata wa FIFA mnamo Oktoba 1964 ulifanyika katika mji mkuu wa Tokyo na ulihudhuriwa na wawakilishi wengi wakubwa kutoka mashirika ya Afrika na Asia na hapa kusimamishwa kwa uanachama wa Afrika Kusini kulipitishwa tena. Mwaka wa 1976, baada ya uasi ya Soweto, walifukuzwa rasmi kutoka FIFA. Mwaka wa 1991, huku mfumo wa ubaguzi wa rangi ukianza kupotea, shirikisho mpya ya kandanda ya Afrika Kusini ya watu wa rangi tofauti ilianzishwa na ikaandikishwa na FIFA. Mnamo 7 Julai 1992, timu ya kitaifa ya Afrika Kusini ilicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa miongo miwili, na kuicharaza [[Kamerun]] 1-0. Afrika Kusini walishiriki katika kombe la dunia la miaka ya 1998 na 2002, lakini walishindwa kufuzu kutoka kwa makundi yao mara zote mbili. Walikuwa mwenyeji (na washindi) wa Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika ya mwaka wa 1996 na watakuwa mwenyeji Kombe la Dunia wa mwaka wa 2010, tiafa ya kwanza barani [[Afrika]] kufanya hivyo. Afrika Kusini walishindwa kuvutia wafuasi wa nchi yao kwa kutofunga bao katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la 2006. Kufuatia maonyesho mabaya na mchezo mbaya katika shindano hilo iliamuliwa kwamba ilikuwa ya kukodisha meneja mwenye uzoefu zaidi kulikuwa muhimu. Uvumi ulianza kuruka, kabla ya mwaka wa 2006, kuwa kocha wa Uingereza, [[Sven-Göran Eriksson]] ndiye mtu aliyefaa kupewa kazi hiyo, na SAFA ilifaa kumlipa kitita cha randi milioni 30 kusaidia Bafana-Bafana katika utukufu mwaka wa 2010. Hata hivyo habari hiyo imekataliwa. Hivi karibuni zaidi kocha wa zamani wa Brazili [[Carlos Alberto Parreira]] alikubali kazi hiyo. hiyo. Alisaini mkataba wa randi milioni 100 wa miaka minne. Muda wake kama meneja ulianza 1 Januari 2007 kulenga kushinda kombe la dunia la 2010 lakini alijiuzulu mwezi Aprili 2008 kutokana na sababu za kifamilia. [[Joel Santana]] alisaini mkataba kama kocha wa Afrika Kusini hadi mwaka wa 2010. Afrika Kusini ilikuwa mwenyeji wa Kombe la Shirikisho la mwaka wa 2009, mwaka kabla ya Kombe lao la Dunia, na kumaliza katika nafasi ya nne, kupitia hatua za kundi kwa kushinda na kutoka sare, licha ya kucharazwa. Basi waliopoteza katika nusu fainali kwa kufungwa bao la “free-kick” madakika ya mwisho baada ya kuwa sare ya 0-0 kwa muda mwingi wa mechi hiyo. Katika mechi ya kupata timu ya 3 na 4, walipoteza mechi hiyo kwa Uhispania baada ya muda wa ziada, licha ya kuongoza 1-0 katika nusu ya kwanza. Kwa watangazaji wengi uwezo wa Bafana Bafana kupambana na mabingwa wa Marekani Kusini na mabingwa wa Ulaya ulionyesha pahali timu hii imetoka. == Tuzo == * {{sport honours|[[African Cup of Nations]]|1|1996}} * {{sport honours|[[COSAFA Cup]]|3|2002, 2007, 2008}} == Rekodi ya kimataifa == === Kombe la Dunia === Ingawa Afrika Kusini imeshiriki mara mbili katika Kombe la Dunia, hawajafaulu kupita raundi ya kwanza. Ushiriki wao wa kwanza ulikuwa katika kombe la dunia la mwaka wa 1998 nchini Ufaransa, miaka sita baada ya kuandikishwa tena katika familia ya kandanda ya dunia. Licha ya kucharazwa na Ufaransa kwa mabao tatu bila jibu katika mechi yao wa ufunguzi, walitoka sare dhidi ya Denmark na Saudi Arabia. Korea / Japan mwaka wa 2002 ulitarajiwa kuwa fursa kwa Bafana Bafana kupita raundi ya kwanza, kwa bahati mbaya hawakufanikiwa, walioondolewa baada ya mechi za kundi licha ya kuicharaza Slovenia kwa bao moja bila jibu kwa ushindi wao wa kwanza katika kombe la dunia . === [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !mwaka !Tokeo !Nafasi !P !W !D !L !GS !GA |- | Uruguay [[1930]] | rowspan="7" colspan="8"|Hawakuingia |- | {{Flag icon|Italy|old}} [[1934]] |- | Ufaransa [[1938]] |- | Brazil [[1950]] |- | Uswizi [[1954]] |- | Uswidi [[1958]] |- | Chile [[1962]] |- | Uingereza [[1966]] | rowspan="7" colspan="8"|Marufuku kutoka FIFA |- | Meksiko [[1970]] |- | Ujerumani Magharibi [[1974]] |- | Ajentina [[1978]] |- | Uhispania [[1982]] |- | Meksiko [[1986]] |- | {{Flag icon|Italy}} [[1990]] |- | Marekani [[1994]] | colspan="8"|Hawakufuzu |- | Ufaransa [[1998]] | Raundi ya 1 | 24 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6. |- | Korea Kusini {{Flag icon|Japan}} [[2002]] | Raundi ya 1 | 17 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 |- | {{Flag icon|Germany}} [[2006]] | colspan="8"|Hawakufuzu |- | style="border:3px solid red"|{{Flag icon|South Africa}} [[2010]] | Walifuzu | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- | '''Jumla''' | 3 / 19 | | 6. | 1 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 11 |- |} === [[Kombe la Shirikisho la FIFA]] === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%" |- !mwaka !Raundi !GP !W !D !L !GS !GA |- | Saudi Arabia [[1992]] | rowspan="2" colspan="7"|Hawakufuzu |- | Saudi Arabia [[1995]] |- | Saudi Arabia [[1997]] | Raundi | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 7 |- | Meksiko [[1999]] | rowspan="4" colspan="7"|Hawakufuzu |- | Korea Kusini [[2001]] |- | Ufaransa [[2003]] |- | {{Flag icon|Germany}} [[2005]] |- | style="border:3px solid red"|Afrika Kusini [[2009]] | Nafasi ya 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 |- | '''Jumla''' | 2 / 8 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 9 |- |} === [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%" |- !mwaka !Tokeo !GP !W !D * !L !GS !GA |- | Sudan [[1957]] | colspan="7"|WAlipigwa marufuku kutokana na ubaguzi wa rangi |- | Misri [[1959]] | colspan="17" rowspan="17"|Marufuku kutoka CAF |- | Ethiopia [[1962]] |- | Ghana [[1963]] |- | Tunisia [[1965]] |- | Ethiopia [[1968]] |- | Sudan [[1970]] |- | Kamerun [[1972]] |- | Misri [[1974]] |- | Ethiopia [[1976]] |- | Ghana [[1978]] |- | Ghana [[1980]] |- | Libya [[1982]] |- | Côte d'Ivoire [[1984]] |- | Misri [[1986]] |- | Moroko [[1988]] |- | Algeria [[1990]] |- | Senegal [[1992]] |- | Tunisia [[1994]] | colspan="7"|Hawakufuzu |- | bgcolor="Gold" style="border:3px solid red"|{{Flag icon|South Africa}} [[1996]] | bgcolor="Gold"|'''Mabingwa''' | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- | bgcolor="Silver"|{{Flag icon|Burkina Faso}} [[1998]] | bgcolor="Silver"|Nafasi ya 2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- | bgcolor="#cc9966"|{{Flag icon|Ghana}} {{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[2000]] | bgcolor="#cc9966"|Nafasi ya 3 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- | {{Flag icon|Mali}} [[2002]] | Robo-fainali | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- | {{Flag icon|Tunisia}} [[2004]] | Raundi ya 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- | {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[2006]] | Raundi ya 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- | {{Flag icon|Ghana}} [[2008]] | Raundi ya 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- | {{Flag icon|Angola}} [[2010]] | colspan="7"|Hawakufuzu |- | {{Flag icon|Gabon}} {{Flag icon|Equatorial Guinea}} [[2012]] | colspan="7"|Itadhamiriwa |- | {{Flag icon|Libya}} [[2014]] | colspan="7"|Itadhamiriwa |- | '''Jumla''' | 7 / 27 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |- |} == Wakufunzi wa Zamani == * Stanley Tshabalala 1992 * Efraimu Mashaba 1992 * Augusto Palacios 1992-94 * Clive Barker 1994-97 * Jomo Sono 1998 * Philippe Troussier 1998 * Trott Moloto 1998-00 * Carlos Queiroz 2000-02 * Jomo Sono 2002 * Efraimu Mashaba 2002-03 * Phumo Aprili 2004 * Stuart Baxter 2004-05 * Ted Dumitru 2005-06 * Pitso Mosimane 2006 * Carlos Alberto Parreira 2007-08 * Joel Santana 2008-2009 * Carlos Alberto Parreira 2009 -- == Wachezaji waliocheza mechi nyingi zaidi == {| border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" |- align="center" style="background:#efefef" !Mchezaji !Wasifu wa Afrika Kusini !Matokeo(Mabao) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Aaron Mokoena]] | 1999-hadi leo | 94 (1) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Benni McCarthy]] | 1997-hadi leo | 77 (32) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Shaun Bartlett]] | 1995-2005 | 74 (28) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Yohana Moshoeu]] | 1993-2004 | 73 (8) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Delron Buckley]] | 1998-hadi leo | 72 (10) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Siyabonga Nomvethe]] | 1999-hadi leo | 72 (15) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Lucas Radebe]] | 1992-2003 | 70 (2) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Andre Arendse]] | 1995-2004 | 67 (0) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Sibusiso Zuma]] | 1998-2008 | 67 (13) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Helman Mkhalele]] | 1994-2001 | 66 (8) |- align="center" |} === Wafungaji bora wa Mabao === {| border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" |- align="center" style="background:#efefef" !Mchezaji !Wasifu wa Afrika Kusini !Mabao (Matokeo) |- |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Benni McCarthy]] | 1997-hadi leo | 32 (77) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Shaun Bartlett]] | 1995-2005 | 28 (74) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Phil Masinga]] | 1992-2001 | 18 (58) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Siyabonga Nomvethe]] | 1999-hadi leo | 15 (72) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Sibusiso Zuma]] | 1998-2008 | 13 (67) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Delron Buckley]] | 1998-hadi leo | 10 (72) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Daktari Khumalo]] | 1992-2001 | 9 (50) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Teko Modise]] | 2007-hadi leo | 9 (40) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Helman Mkhalele]] | 1994-2001 | 8 (66) |- align="center" | align="left"|[[Yohana Moshoeu]] | 1993-2004 | 8 (73) |} == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.safa.net/ South Africa FA official website] * [http://www.thenationalteam.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49&amp;country=South%20Africa Habari na matokeo ya timu ya kitaifa ya Afrika ya Kusini] {{Navboxes | title = Viungo | list1 = {{Football in South Africa}} {{International Football}} {{CAF timu}} {{2010 FIFA World Cup finalists}} {{2008 Africa Cup of Nations finalists}} {{National Sports Teams of South Africa}}}} [[Jamii:Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda|Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:michezo nchini Afrika Kusini]] 5nxl2mw48s2nzfx0s3fbp6tghd482rt 0 35078 1236793 1195005 2022-07-30T07:31:31Z BevoLJ 53014 - {{Fb}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox national football team | Name = Jibuti | Badge = Djibouti FA.png | FIFA Trigramme = DJI | FIFA Rank = 189| FIFA max = 169 | FIFA max date = Desemba 1994| FIFA min = 201 | FIFA min date = Desemba 2004| Elo Rank = 210 | Nickname = ''Riverains de la Mer Rouge (Shoremen of the Red Sea)''| Association = [[Fédération Djiboutienne de Football|Fédération Djiboutienne<br />de Football]] | Coach = [[Ahmed Abdelmonem]] | Most caps = | Top scorer = | Home Stadium = [[Stade du Ville]] | pattern_la1=|pattern_b1=_bluestripes|pattern_ra1=| leftarm1=094ca1|body1=008000|rightarm1=094ca1|shorts1=FFFFFF|socks1=008000| pattern_la2=_blackborder|pattern_b2=_vneckred|pattern_ra2=_blackborder| leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=094ca1|socks2=FFFFFF| First game ={{Flag icon|Ethiopia|1897}} [[Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] 5 - 0 French Somaliland {{Flag icon|France}}<br />([[Ethiopia]]; 5 Desemba 1947) | Largest win ={{Flag icon|Djibouti}} Jibuti 4 - 1 [[Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Yemen Kusini|Yemen Kusini]] {{Flag icon|South Yemen}}<br />([[Djibouti, Djibouti|Djibouti]], [[Djibouti]]; 26 Februari 1988) | Largest loss ={{Flag icon|Zambia}} [[Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Zambia|Zambia]] 10 - 0 Jibuti {{Flag icon|Djibouti}}<br />([[Zambia]]; 3 Septemba 2006) | World cup apps = | World cup first = | World cup best = | Regional name = [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] | Regional cup apps = | Regional cup first = | Regional cup best = }} '''Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Jibuti''' ambayo imepewa jina la utani la ''Riverains de la Mer Rouge (Shoremen of the Red Sea)'', ndiyo timu ya taifa la [[Jibuti]]. Iko chini ya Shirikisho la Kandanda la Jibuti, [[Fédération Djiboutienne de Football]]. Haikuingia katika mijuano ya akufuzu kwa [[Kombe la Dunia la 2006]]. Hadi ushindi wake wa 1-0 dhidi ya [[Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Somalia|Somalia]], Jibuti haikuwahi kushinda mechi yoyote iliyoandaliwa na [[Shirikisho la Kandanda Duniani (FIFA)]]. == Historia == Kandanda ilianzishwa nchini [[Jibuti]] kabla ya Uhuru kutoka [[Ukoloni]], huku ikichezwa san asana na Majeshi wa [[Ufaransa|Kifaransa]]. Huku eneo hilo enzi hizo likiitwa [[French Somaliland]], walikuwa wakishiriki katika mijuano ya kufuzu kwa [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] kutoka [[1930]] hadi [[1974]]. Hata hivyo hawakuwahi kufuzu kwa kombe hilo hata mara moja. Baada ya Uhuru mnamo 1977, Jibuti ilishirikishwa katika [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika]] lakini matokeo yake yalikuwa duni. Jibuti haijawahi kucheza katika [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika]], huku timu hiyo ikijitoa katika mashindano hayo mara mbili, mnamo 2004 na 2008.. Ilionekana katika michuano ya [[Kombe la CECAFA|CECAFA]] mara ya kwanza nchini [[Kenya]] mnamo 1994 lakini ikashindwa kuzoa alama baada ya kupoteza mechi zote dhidi ya [[Kenya]], [[Somalia]] na Tanzania katika mkondo wa kwanza. Katika mechi zote nane, timu hiyo iliweza kupata alama mbili baada ya kutoka sare mara mbili. == Rekodi ya Kombe la Dunia == * [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la 1930|1930]]- Ilifika mechi ya Kufuzu * [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la 2002|2002]]- Haikufuzu == Rekodi ya Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika == * [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika la 1957|1957]] hadi [[Kombela Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika la 1998|1998]]- Haikuingia * [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika la 2000|2000]]- Haikufuzu * [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika la 2002|2002]]- Haikufuzu * [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika la 2004|2004]]- Ilijiondoa * [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika la 2006|2006]]- Haikuingia * [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika la 2008]]- Ilijiondoa * [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika la 2010]]- Haikufuzu == Kombe la CECAFA == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;font-size:90%;" !colspan=8| Kombe la CECAFA |- !Mwaka !Mkondo !Idadi ya Mechi !Ilishinda !Sare !Ilishindwa !MAbao iliyofunga !Mabao iliyofungwa |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 1973|1973|]] to [[Kombe la CECAFA la 1992|1992]] ||''Haikuingia''||-||-||-||-||-||- |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 1994|1994]]||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||3||0||0||3||2||9 |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 1999|1999]] ||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||2||0||0||2||2||6 |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 2000|2000]] ||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||4||0||1||3||2||15 |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 2001|2001]] ||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||3||0||0||3||3||17 |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 2005|2005]] ||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||4||0||0||4||2||18 |- |[[Kombe la CECAFA la 2006|2006]] ||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||3||0||0||3||0||10 |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 2007|2007]] ||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||3||0||0||3||2||19 |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 2008|2008]] ||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||4||0||1||3||2||13 |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 2009|2009]] ||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||3||0||0||3||0||13 |- |'''Jumla'''||-||29||0||2||27||15||120 {{Col-end}} == Tazama Pia == * [[Kandanda nchini Jibuti]] * [[Ligi Kuu ya Jibuti]] * [[Kombe la Jibuti]] {{International Football}} {{CAF timu}} {{UAFA Football}} {{CECAFA Football}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Timu ya Taifa ya Jibuti}} {{National-footy-team-stub}} {{Djibouti-stub}} [[Jamii:Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda|Jibuti]] [[Jamii:Michezo nchini Jibuti]] pbdj3ah5ivm4j3xizwk9fu9jan7e3ab 1236805 1236793 2022-07-30T07:55:46Z BevoLJ 53014 /* Tazama Pia */ + {{Navboxes}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox national football team | Name = Jibuti | Badge = Djibouti FA.png | FIFA Trigramme = DJI | FIFA Rank = 189| FIFA max = 169 | FIFA max date = Desemba 1994| FIFA min = 201 | FIFA min date = Desemba 2004| Elo Rank = 210 | Nickname = ''Riverains de la Mer Rouge (Shoremen of the Red Sea)''| Association = [[Fédération Djiboutienne de Football|Fédération Djiboutienne<br />de Football]] | Coach = [[Ahmed Abdelmonem]] | Most caps = | Top scorer = | Home Stadium = [[Stade du Ville]] | pattern_la1=|pattern_b1=_bluestripes|pattern_ra1=| leftarm1=094ca1|body1=008000|rightarm1=094ca1|shorts1=FFFFFF|socks1=008000| pattern_la2=_blackborder|pattern_b2=_vneckred|pattern_ra2=_blackborder| leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=094ca1|socks2=FFFFFF| First game ={{Flag icon|Ethiopia|1897}} [[Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] 5 - 0 French Somaliland {{Flag icon|France}}<br />([[Ethiopia]]; 5 Desemba 1947) | Largest win ={{Flag icon|Djibouti}} Jibuti 4 - 1 [[Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Yemen Kusini|Yemen Kusini]] {{Flag icon|South Yemen}}<br />([[Djibouti, Djibouti|Djibouti]], [[Djibouti]]; 26 Februari 1988) | Largest loss ={{Flag icon|Zambia}} [[Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Zambia|Zambia]] 10 - 0 Jibuti {{Flag icon|Djibouti}}<br />([[Zambia]]; 3 Septemba 2006) | World cup apps = | World cup first = | World cup best = | Regional name = [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] | Regional cup apps = | Regional cup first = | Regional cup best = }} '''Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Jibuti''' ambayo imepewa jina la utani la ''Riverains de la Mer Rouge (Shoremen of the Red Sea)'', ndiyo timu ya taifa la [[Jibuti]]. Iko chini ya Shirikisho la Kandanda la Jibuti, [[Fédération Djiboutienne de Football]]. Haikuingia katika mijuano ya akufuzu kwa [[Kombe la Dunia la 2006]]. Hadi ushindi wake wa 1-0 dhidi ya [[Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Somalia|Somalia]], Jibuti haikuwahi kushinda mechi yoyote iliyoandaliwa na [[Shirikisho la Kandanda Duniani (FIFA)]]. == Historia == Kandanda ilianzishwa nchini [[Jibuti]] kabla ya Uhuru kutoka [[Ukoloni]], huku ikichezwa san asana na Majeshi wa [[Ufaransa|Kifaransa]]. Huku eneo hilo enzi hizo likiitwa [[French Somaliland]], walikuwa wakishiriki katika mijuano ya kufuzu kwa [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] kutoka [[1930]] hadi [[1974]]. Hata hivyo hawakuwahi kufuzu kwa kombe hilo hata mara moja. Baada ya Uhuru mnamo 1977, Jibuti ilishirikishwa katika [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika]] lakini matokeo yake yalikuwa duni. Jibuti haijawahi kucheza katika [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika]], huku timu hiyo ikijitoa katika mashindano hayo mara mbili, mnamo 2004 na 2008.. Ilionekana katika michuano ya [[Kombe la CECAFA|CECAFA]] mara ya kwanza nchini [[Kenya]] mnamo 1994 lakini ikashindwa kuzoa alama baada ya kupoteza mechi zote dhidi ya [[Kenya]], [[Somalia]] na Tanzania katika mkondo wa kwanza. Katika mechi zote nane, timu hiyo iliweza kupata alama mbili baada ya kutoka sare mara mbili. == Rekodi ya Kombe la Dunia == * [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la 1930|1930]]- Ilifika mechi ya Kufuzu * [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la 2002|2002]]- Haikufuzu == Rekodi ya Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika == * [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika la 1957|1957]] hadi [[Kombela Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika la 1998|1998]]- Haikuingia * [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika la 2000|2000]]- Haikufuzu * [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika la 2002|2002]]- Haikufuzu * [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika la 2004|2004]]- Ilijiondoa * [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika la 2006|2006]]- Haikuingia * [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika la 2008]]- Ilijiondoa * [[Kombe la Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika la 2010]]- Haikufuzu == Kombe la CECAFA == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;font-size:90%;" !colspan=8| Kombe la CECAFA |- !Mwaka !Mkondo !Idadi ya Mechi !Ilishinda !Sare !Ilishindwa !MAbao iliyofunga !Mabao iliyofungwa |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 1973|1973|]] to [[Kombe la CECAFA la 1992|1992]] ||''Haikuingia''||-||-||-||-||-||- |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 1994|1994]]||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||3||0||0||3||2||9 |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 1999|1999]] ||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||2||0||0||2||2||6 |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 2000|2000]] ||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||4||0||1||3||2||15 |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 2001|2001]] ||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||3||0||0||3||3||17 |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 2005|2005]] ||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||4||0||0||4||2||18 |- |[[Kombe la CECAFA la 2006|2006]] ||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||3||0||0||3||0||10 |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 2007|2007]] ||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||3||0||0||3||2||19 |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 2008|2008]] ||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||4||0||1||3||2||13 |- | [[Kombe la CECAFA la 2009|2009]] ||''Mkondo wa Kwanza''||3||0||0||3||0||13 |- |'''Jumla'''||-||29||0||2||27||15||120 {{Col-end}} == Tazama Pia == * [[Kandanda nchini Jibuti]] * [[Ligi Kuu ya Jibuti]] * [[Kombe la Jibuti]] {{Navboxes | title = Viungo | list1 = {{International Football}} {{CAF timu}} {{UAFA Football}} {{CECAFA Football}}}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Timu ya Taifa ya Jibuti}} {{National-footy-team-stub}} {{Djibouti-stub}} [[Jamii:Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda|Jibuti]] [[Jamii:Michezo nchini Jibuti]] npvd48umfqdr2w7o6d6gsl1lfqgye1g 0 36064 1236795 1203673 2022-07-30T07:32:26Z BevoLJ 53014 - {{Fb}} wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Siège_UEFA_Nyon_(Suisse).JPG|thumbnail|right|200px|Makao ya UEFA,Nyon, Switzerland]] {{Infobox organization |name = Union of European Football Associations |image = UEFA logo.svg |caption = |type = Sports organisation |membership = [[List of men's national football (soccer) teams#UEFA .28Europe.29|53 national associations]] |formation = 15 Juni 1954 |map = UEFA member associations map.svg |mcaption = UEFA member associations are in blue |headquarters = [[Nyon]], [[Switzerland]] |leader_title = [[List of Presidents of UEFA|President]] |leader_name = [[Michel Platini]] |website = [http://www.uefa.com www.uefa.com] |language = [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]] }} '''Muungano wa Mashirikisho ya Soka Barani Ulaya(UEFA)''' ({{lang-fr|Union des associations européennes de football}}) ni chama kinachotawala na kudhibiti [[kandanda]] barani Ulaya. Karibu kwa wakati wote kimejulikana kwa kifupi chake '''UEFA'''. UEFA inawakilisha mashirikisho ya soka ya mataifa ya [[Uropa]], inaendesha mashindano ya mataifa na ya vilabu barani Uropa, na inadhibiti pesa za tuzo, kanuni na haki za vyombo vya habari katika mashindano hayo. Mashirikisho kadhaa ya kitaifa ambayo kijiografia yako barani [[Asia]] au mara nyingi katika [[Asia]] huwa katika UEFA na wala sio katika [[Shirikisho la Soka la Asia]] (AFC). Mataifa haya ni [[Armenia]], [[Georgia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Uturuki]], [[Israeli]], [[Kupro]], [[Urusi]] na [[Azerbaijan]] (Israeli na AFC Kazakstan ni wanachama wa zamani wa AFC). Cyprus ilichagua kuorodheshwa kama taifa la soka ya Uropa - ilikuwa na chaguo la Ulaya, Asia au Afrika. UEFA ndilo shirikisho la bara kubwa zaidi katika [[FIFA]] kwa sita yaliyomo. Kati ya mashirikisho yote, kwa mbali ndilo lenye nguvu zaidi katika masuala ya mali na ushawishi katika ngazi ya klabu. Karibu wachezaji wote mashuhuri wa soka ulimwenguni hucheza katika ligi za Uropa, kidogo kwa sababu ya mishahara inayopatikana kutoka vilabu tajiri zaidi duniani, hasa katika [[Uingereza]], [[Uhispania]], [[Italia]] na [[Ujerumani]]. Nyingi ya timu za kitaifa zenye nguvu zaidi duniani ziko katika UEFA. Katika nafasi 32 zilizoko katika [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] 2010, 13 zilitengewa timu za mataifa ya UEFA, na kwa sasa 12 ya timu bora 20 kulingana [[Orodha ya FIFA]] ya Dunia ni wanachama wa UEFA. UEFA ilianzishwa tarehe 15 Juni 1954 mjini [[Basel]], Uswisi kufuatia majadiliano kati ya mashirika ya soka ya [[Ufaransa]], [[Italia]] na [[Ubelgiji]]. Makao makuu yalikuwa Paris hadi 1959 wakati shirikisho hili lilihamia [[Bern]]. [[Henri Delaunay]] ndiye aliyekuwa Katibu Mkuu wa kwanza na [[Ebbe Schwartz]] rais. Ofisi ya utawala wake imekuwa katika [[Nyon]], Uswisi, tangu mwaka 1995. Awali ilikuwa inajumuishwa na vyama 25 vya kitaifa. Hivi sasa kuna vyama 53 (angalia chini ya ukurasa huu au ''[[Orodha ya UEFA timu za kitaifa za kandanda).]]'' Timu za UEFA za kitaifa zimeshinda [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] mara tisa (Italia 4, Ujerumani 3, Uingereza na Ufaransa nyara kila moja), kama timu za mataifa ya [[CONMEBOL]], na vilabu vya UEFA vimeshinda [[Kombe]] la [[intercontinental]] mara 21 na [[Kombe la dunia la Klabu la FIFA]] mara 3, kombe moja tu chini ya vilabu vya CONMEBOL. UEFA, kama mwakilishi wa vyama vya kitaifa, imekuwa na mifarakano kadhaa na [[Tume]] ya [[Ulaya]]. Katika miaka ya 1990 masuala ya haki za televisheni na hasa uhamisho wa kimataifa ([[tawala la Bosman]] ) umebidi upitie baadhi ya mabadiliko makubwa ili kubakia sambamba na sheria ya Ulaya. Rais wa sasa wa UEFA ni [[Michel Platini]]. == Mashindano == === Kibara === Mashindano makuu ya timu za wanaume za kitaifa ni ya [[Mabingwa wa Soka ya Uropa ya UEFA]], yaliyoanza mwaka 1958, na fainali ya kwanza ikafanyika mwaka 1960, na ikajulikana kama Kombe la Mataifa ya Ulaya hadi 1964. UEFA pia inaendesha mashindano ya kitaifa ya walio na miaka [[Chini ya 21]], [[Chini ya 19]] na [[Chini ya 17]]. Kwa timu za taifa za wanawake, UEFA huendesha [[Michuano ya Wanawake ya UEFA]] kwa pande mwandamizi za kitaifa na [[Mabingwa chini ya 19]] katika kiwango cha miaka chini ya 19, tangu mwaka 2008 kuna [[Kombe la UEFA la Chini-17]] kwa walio na chini ya miaka 17. UEFA pia hupanga [[Kombe la UEFA-CAF Meridian]] na [[CAF]] kwa timu za vijana. UEFA ilizindua [[Kombe la Kanda la UEFA]], kwa timu zisizo na utaalamu, mwakani 1999. Katika [[futsal]] kuna [[michuano]] ya [[UEFA Futsal]] na [[Michuano ya UEFA Futsal Chini ya 19]]. === Klabu === ==== Kandanda ya shirikisho ==== [[Picha:UEFA members.png|thumb|UEFA na klabu ya nchi mwanachama ushindani kuingia haki, 2007 / 8]] UEFA pia huendesha mashindano mawili makuu ya vilabu barani Ulaya (yajulikanayo kama ''mashindano ya vilabu ya UEFA'' : [[Ligi ya Mabingwa ya UEFA]] ilifanyika kwanza mwakani 1955, na ilikuwa ikijulikana kama Kombe la Vilabu Bingwa barani Uropa (au Kombe la Uropa tu) hadi 1992; na [[Ligi ya Uropa ya UEFA]] (awali Kombe la UEFA), kwa washindi wa mchujo wa kitaifa na timu za ligi bora zaidi, ilizinduliwa na Uefa mwaka 1971 kama mwandamizi wa [[Kombe la Inter-Cities Fairs]] (pia ilianza mwaka 1955 lakini haikutambuliwa na UEFA <ref name="official">{{cite web | url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/news/kind=32/newsid=447085.html | title=Orodha rasmi ya vikombe na michuano ya vilabu vya Uropa | work=uefa.com | accessdate=21 Agosti 2006 | archivedate=2010-01-31 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131103346/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/news/kind%3D32/newsid%3D447085.html }}</ref> Shindani la tatu,[[Kombe la Washindi]], lilianza mwaka 1960 na lilimezwa na kombe la UEFA mwaka 1999. [[Kombe la UEFA Super]], ambalo huweka pamoja washindi wa Ligi ya Mabingwa dhidi ya washindi wa ligi ya UEFA Europa (awali washindi wa Kombe la Washindi), lilizinduliwa mwaka wa 1973 <ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/history/index.html | title=Historia ya UEFA Super Cup | work=uefa.com | accessdate=21 Agosti 2006 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/history/season=1973/intro.html | title=1973: Ajax yafurahia ushindi wa mapema | work=uefa.com | accessdate=1 Machi 1974 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.uefa.com/competitions/ecwc/history/season=1971/intro.html | title=1971/72: Sifa kwa Rangers mjini Barcelona | work=uefa.com | accessdate=1 Juni 1972 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Kombe la UEFA]] la [[Intertoto]] lilikuwa ni shindano la majira ya joto, awali liliendeshwa na shirikisho la vyama vya soka vya [[Uropa ya Katikati]] , ambalo lilizinduliwa tena na kutambuliwa kama shindano rasmi la UEFA na UEFA mwakani 1995. Kombe la mwisho la Intertoto lilifanyika mwaka 2008. UEFA pia huandaa [[Ligi ya Mabingwa ya Wanawake ya UEFA]] ya vilabu vya timu za wanawake, iliyofanyika kwanza mwaka 2001, na ikajulikana kama Kombe la Wanawake la UEFA hadi 2009. Kombe la [[UEFA / CONMEBOL la inta-kontineneti]] liliandaliwa pamoja na [[CONMEBOL]] kati ya [[Ligi]] ya [[Mabingwa]] na washindi wa <ref name="en.uefa.com">{{cite web | url=http://en.uefa.com/competitions/eusa/history/index.html | title=Historia ya kombe la UEFA/CONMEBOL la Intercontinental | work=uefa.com | accessdate=14 Agosti 2009 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>[[Copa Libertadores]]<ref name="en.uefa.com"/> [[Timu tatu]]<ref>{{es}} {{cite web | url=http://hemeroteca.elmundodeportivo.es/preview/2003/09/23/pagina-7/552332/pdf.html| title=Un dilema histórico | work=El Mundo Deportivo's Historical Archive | accessdate=23 Septemba 2003 }}</ref><ref>{{es}} {{cite web | url=http://hemeroteca.elmundodeportivo.es/preview/1987/03/20/pagina-34/1264069/pdf.html?search=ganadores%20de%20las%20tres%20competiciones%20europeas| title=El Barça, gran atracción del sorteo | work=El Mundo Deportivo's Historical Archive | accessdate=16 Julai 1992}}</ref>[[(Juventus, Ajax]] na [[Bayern Munich)]], ndio [[tu zimeshinda kila shindano ya mashindano yote matatu]] (Kombe la Uropa/Ligi ya Mabingwa ya UEFA, Kombe la Washindi la UEFA na Kombe la UEFA/ Ligi ya Europa),<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.uefa.com/magazine/news/kind=512/newsid=219635.html| title=Mtu mwenye mguzo wa dhahabu | work=uefa.com | accessdate=27 Agosti 2004 }}</ref> ufanifu ambao hauna uwezekano tena kwa timu yoyote ambayo haikushinda Kombe la Washindi (kama vile Real Madrid). Kwa sasa kuna timu tisa barani Uropa ambazo zimeshinda vikombe viwili kati ya vikombe vyote vitatu; zote zimeshinda Kombe la Washindi, nne zinahitaji kushinda katika Ligi ya Mabingwa na tano zinahitaji kushinda Ligi ya Europa ya UEFA. [[Juventus]] ndiyo timu ya pekee barani Uropa kuwahi kushinda vikombe na michuano yote rasmi ya UEFA<ref name="official" /> na, kama upande wa kwanza katika historia ya soka ya Ulaya kuwahi kushinda mashindano matatu makuu ya UEFA, walipokea ''[[Plaque ya UEFA]]'' kutoka kwa Umoja wa Ulaya wa Vyama vya Mpira mnamo tarehe 12 Julai 1988 <ref>{{cite news|language=Spanish|url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.es/preview/1988/07/13/pagina-53/33040569/pdf.html|title=Sorteo de las competiciones europeas de fútbol: el Fram de Reykjavic, primer adversario del F.C. Barcelona en la Recopa|publisher=[[La Vanguardia]]|format=PDF|page=53|date=1988-07-13|accessdate=2009-11-15}}</ref><ref name="UEFA Plaque">{{it}} {{cite web | url=http://archiviostorico.gazzetta.it/1997/maggio/24/Tutto_inizio_con_poesia_ga_0_9705246555.shtml| title=Yote huanza na ushairi 'kidogo' | work=Gazzetta dello Sport's Historical Archive | accessdate=24 Mei 1997}}</ref> ==== Futsal ==== Katika futsal kuna [[Futsal UEFA Cup]]. == Angalia Pia == === mashindano ya UEFA === {|width 100% |valign=top| '''Vilabu:''' *[[Ligi kuu ya Mabingwa barani Ulaya (UEFA) (1): 2008]] *[[Ligi ya Europa ya UEFA]] *[[Kombe la Washindi la UEFA]] (1960-1999) *[[Kombe la Intertoto la UEFA]] (1995-2008) *[[Kombe la Super la UEFA]] *[[Ligi ya Mabingwa ya Wanawake ya UEFA]] *[[rekodi za mashindano ya vilabu za UEFA]] *[[Orodha ya washindi wa mashindano ya vilabu ya UEFA]] |valign=top| '''Timu za taifa:''' *[[Mashindano ya Soka ya Ulaya ya UEFA: 2008]] *[[Mashindano ya kandanda ya bara Ulaya ya UEFA ya vijana wasiozidi umri wa miaka 17 ya mwaka wa 2004.]] *[[Kombe la UEFA ls soka ya Ulaya la waliochini ya miaka 19: 2004]] *[[Mashindano ya kandanda ya bara Ulaya ya UEFA ya vijana wasiozidi umri wa miaka 17 ya mwaka wa 2004.]] *[[UEFA michuano ya Wanawake]] *[[Michuano ya UEFA ya wanawake wliochini ya 19]] *[[Michuano ya UEFA ya wanawake waliochini ya 17]] |valign=top| '''Yasio ya kitaalam:''' *[[Kombe la Kanda la UEFA]] |} === Maazimio ya UEFA === {|width 100% |valign=top| '''Tuzo:''' *[[Tuzo la Klabu la soka la UEFA]] *[[Tuzo la Jubilee la UEFA]] *[[Tuzo la Golden Jubilee Poll la UEFA]] |valign=top| '''Kufuzu:''' *[[UEFA coefficients]] *[[UEFA Elite uwanja]] |valign=top| '''Michuano:''' *[[Mechi ya UEFA ya Sherehe]] |} === Makala yanayolingana === *[[Historia ya mpira]] *[[Vilabu tajiri zaidi vya kandanda]] *[[IFFHS klabu bora barani Uropa cha karne ya 20]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commonscat}} * [http://www.uefa-coefficients.com/ UEFA RANKINGS AND MORE...] *[http://www.uefa.com UEFA ukurasa wa mwanzo] <br /> {{International football}} {{UEFA associations}} {{UEFA teams}} {{International women's football}} {{UEFA women's teams}} {{International club football}} {{UEFA leagues}} {{UEFA women's leagues}} {{International futsal}} {{International Club Futsal}} {{International Beach Soccer}} [[:Picha:]] {{DEFAULTSORT:UEFA}} [[Jamii:UEFA|*]] [[Jamii:Shirika lililoanzishwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Mpira wa Miguu]] [[Jamii:Kifupi]] 75as8ya66w1nyc73b05c3rt6h2m8s23 1236806 1236795 2022-07-30T07:56:48Z BevoLJ 53014 /* Viungo vya nje */ + {{Navboxes}} wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Siège_UEFA_Nyon_(Suisse).JPG|thumbnail|right|200px|Makao ya UEFA,Nyon, Switzerland]] {{Infobox organization |name = Union of European Football Associations |image = UEFA logo.svg |caption = |type = Sports organisation |membership = [[List of men's national football (soccer) teams#UEFA .28Europe.29|53 national associations]] |formation = 15 Juni 1954 |map = UEFA member associations map.svg |mcaption = UEFA member associations are in blue |headquarters = [[Nyon]], [[Switzerland]] |leader_title = [[List of Presidents of UEFA|President]] |leader_name = [[Michel Platini]] |website = [http://www.uefa.com www.uefa.com] |language = [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]] }} '''Muungano wa Mashirikisho ya Soka Barani Ulaya(UEFA)''' ({{lang-fr|Union des associations européennes de football}}) ni chama kinachotawala na kudhibiti [[kandanda]] barani Ulaya. Karibu kwa wakati wote kimejulikana kwa kifupi chake '''UEFA'''. UEFA inawakilisha mashirikisho ya soka ya mataifa ya [[Uropa]], inaendesha mashindano ya mataifa na ya vilabu barani Uropa, na inadhibiti pesa za tuzo, kanuni na haki za vyombo vya habari katika mashindano hayo. Mashirikisho kadhaa ya kitaifa ambayo kijiografia yako barani [[Asia]] au mara nyingi katika [[Asia]] huwa katika UEFA na wala sio katika [[Shirikisho la Soka la Asia]] (AFC). Mataifa haya ni [[Armenia]], [[Georgia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Uturuki]], [[Israeli]], [[Kupro]], [[Urusi]] na [[Azerbaijan]] (Israeli na AFC Kazakstan ni wanachama wa zamani wa AFC). Cyprus ilichagua kuorodheshwa kama taifa la soka ya Uropa - ilikuwa na chaguo la Ulaya, Asia au Afrika. UEFA ndilo shirikisho la bara kubwa zaidi katika [[FIFA]] kwa sita yaliyomo. Kati ya mashirikisho yote, kwa mbali ndilo lenye nguvu zaidi katika masuala ya mali na ushawishi katika ngazi ya klabu. Karibu wachezaji wote mashuhuri wa soka ulimwenguni hucheza katika ligi za Uropa, kidogo kwa sababu ya mishahara inayopatikana kutoka vilabu tajiri zaidi duniani, hasa katika [[Uingereza]], [[Uhispania]], [[Italia]] na [[Ujerumani]]. Nyingi ya timu za kitaifa zenye nguvu zaidi duniani ziko katika UEFA. Katika nafasi 32 zilizoko katika [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] 2010, 13 zilitengewa timu za mataifa ya UEFA, na kwa sasa 12 ya timu bora 20 kulingana [[Orodha ya FIFA]] ya Dunia ni wanachama wa UEFA. UEFA ilianzishwa tarehe 15 Juni 1954 mjini [[Basel]], Uswisi kufuatia majadiliano kati ya mashirika ya soka ya [[Ufaransa]], [[Italia]] na [[Ubelgiji]]. Makao makuu yalikuwa Paris hadi 1959 wakati shirikisho hili lilihamia [[Bern]]. [[Henri Delaunay]] ndiye aliyekuwa Katibu Mkuu wa kwanza na [[Ebbe Schwartz]] rais. Ofisi ya utawala wake imekuwa katika [[Nyon]], Uswisi, tangu mwaka 1995. Awali ilikuwa inajumuishwa na vyama 25 vya kitaifa. Hivi sasa kuna vyama 53 (angalia chini ya ukurasa huu au ''[[Orodha ya UEFA timu za kitaifa za kandanda).]]'' Timu za UEFA za kitaifa zimeshinda [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] mara tisa (Italia 4, Ujerumani 3, Uingereza na Ufaransa nyara kila moja), kama timu za mataifa ya [[CONMEBOL]], na vilabu vya UEFA vimeshinda [[Kombe]] la [[intercontinental]] mara 21 na [[Kombe la dunia la Klabu la FIFA]] mara 3, kombe moja tu chini ya vilabu vya CONMEBOL. UEFA, kama mwakilishi wa vyama vya kitaifa, imekuwa na mifarakano kadhaa na [[Tume]] ya [[Ulaya]]. Katika miaka ya 1990 masuala ya haki za televisheni na hasa uhamisho wa kimataifa ([[tawala la Bosman]] ) umebidi upitie baadhi ya mabadiliko makubwa ili kubakia sambamba na sheria ya Ulaya. Rais wa sasa wa UEFA ni [[Michel Platini]]. == Mashindano == === Kibara === Mashindano makuu ya timu za wanaume za kitaifa ni ya [[Mabingwa wa Soka ya Uropa ya UEFA]], yaliyoanza mwaka 1958, na fainali ya kwanza ikafanyika mwaka 1960, na ikajulikana kama Kombe la Mataifa ya Ulaya hadi 1964. UEFA pia inaendesha mashindano ya kitaifa ya walio na miaka [[Chini ya 21]], [[Chini ya 19]] na [[Chini ya 17]]. Kwa timu za taifa za wanawake, UEFA huendesha [[Michuano ya Wanawake ya UEFA]] kwa pande mwandamizi za kitaifa na [[Mabingwa chini ya 19]] katika kiwango cha miaka chini ya 19, tangu mwaka 2008 kuna [[Kombe la UEFA la Chini-17]] kwa walio na chini ya miaka 17. UEFA pia hupanga [[Kombe la UEFA-CAF Meridian]] na [[CAF]] kwa timu za vijana. UEFA ilizindua [[Kombe la Kanda la UEFA]], kwa timu zisizo na utaalamu, mwakani 1999. Katika [[futsal]] kuna [[michuano]] ya [[UEFA Futsal]] na [[Michuano ya UEFA Futsal Chini ya 19]]. === Klabu === ==== Kandanda ya shirikisho ==== [[Picha:UEFA members.png|thumb|UEFA na klabu ya nchi mwanachama ushindani kuingia haki, 2007 / 8]] UEFA pia huendesha mashindano mawili makuu ya vilabu barani Ulaya (yajulikanayo kama ''mashindano ya vilabu ya UEFA'' : [[Ligi ya Mabingwa ya UEFA]] ilifanyika kwanza mwakani 1955, na ilikuwa ikijulikana kama Kombe la Vilabu Bingwa barani Uropa (au Kombe la Uropa tu) hadi 1992; na [[Ligi ya Uropa ya UEFA]] (awali Kombe la UEFA), kwa washindi wa mchujo wa kitaifa na timu za ligi bora zaidi, ilizinduliwa na Uefa mwaka 1971 kama mwandamizi wa [[Kombe la Inter-Cities Fairs]] (pia ilianza mwaka 1955 lakini haikutambuliwa na UEFA <ref name="official">{{cite web | url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/news/kind=32/newsid=447085.html | title=Orodha rasmi ya vikombe na michuano ya vilabu vya Uropa | work=uefa.com | accessdate=21 Agosti 2006 | archivedate=2010-01-31 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131103346/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/news/kind%3D32/newsid%3D447085.html }}</ref> Shindani la tatu,[[Kombe la Washindi]], lilianza mwaka 1960 na lilimezwa na kombe la UEFA mwaka 1999. [[Kombe la UEFA Super]], ambalo huweka pamoja washindi wa Ligi ya Mabingwa dhidi ya washindi wa ligi ya UEFA Europa (awali washindi wa Kombe la Washindi), lilizinduliwa mwaka wa 1973 <ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/history/index.html | title=Historia ya UEFA Super Cup | work=uefa.com | accessdate=21 Agosti 2006 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/history/season=1973/intro.html | title=1973: Ajax yafurahia ushindi wa mapema | work=uefa.com | accessdate=1 Machi 1974 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.uefa.com/competitions/ecwc/history/season=1971/intro.html | title=1971/72: Sifa kwa Rangers mjini Barcelona | work=uefa.com | accessdate=1 Juni 1972 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Kombe la UEFA]] la [[Intertoto]] lilikuwa ni shindano la majira ya joto, awali liliendeshwa na shirikisho la vyama vya soka vya [[Uropa ya Katikati]] , ambalo lilizinduliwa tena na kutambuliwa kama shindano rasmi la UEFA na UEFA mwakani 1995. Kombe la mwisho la Intertoto lilifanyika mwaka 2008. UEFA pia huandaa [[Ligi ya Mabingwa ya Wanawake ya UEFA]] ya vilabu vya timu za wanawake, iliyofanyika kwanza mwaka 2001, na ikajulikana kama Kombe la Wanawake la UEFA hadi 2009. Kombe la [[UEFA / CONMEBOL la inta-kontineneti]] liliandaliwa pamoja na [[CONMEBOL]] kati ya [[Ligi]] ya [[Mabingwa]] na washindi wa <ref name="en.uefa.com">{{cite web | url=http://en.uefa.com/competitions/eusa/history/index.html | title=Historia ya kombe la UEFA/CONMEBOL la Intercontinental | work=uefa.com | accessdate=14 Agosti 2009 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>[[Copa Libertadores]]<ref name="en.uefa.com"/> [[Timu tatu]]<ref>{{es}} {{cite web | url=http://hemeroteca.elmundodeportivo.es/preview/2003/09/23/pagina-7/552332/pdf.html| title=Un dilema histórico | work=El Mundo Deportivo's Historical Archive | accessdate=23 Septemba 2003 }}</ref><ref>{{es}} {{cite web | url=http://hemeroteca.elmundodeportivo.es/preview/1987/03/20/pagina-34/1264069/pdf.html?search=ganadores%20de%20las%20tres%20competiciones%20europeas| title=El Barça, gran atracción del sorteo | work=El Mundo Deportivo's Historical Archive | accessdate=16 Julai 1992}}</ref>[[(Juventus, Ajax]] na [[Bayern Munich)]], ndio [[tu zimeshinda kila shindano ya mashindano yote matatu]] (Kombe la Uropa/Ligi ya Mabingwa ya UEFA, Kombe la Washindi la UEFA na Kombe la UEFA/ Ligi ya Europa),<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.uefa.com/magazine/news/kind=512/newsid=219635.html| title=Mtu mwenye mguzo wa dhahabu | work=uefa.com | accessdate=27 Agosti 2004 }}</ref> ufanifu ambao hauna uwezekano tena kwa timu yoyote ambayo haikushinda Kombe la Washindi (kama vile Real Madrid). Kwa sasa kuna timu tisa barani Uropa ambazo zimeshinda vikombe viwili kati ya vikombe vyote vitatu; zote zimeshinda Kombe la Washindi, nne zinahitaji kushinda katika Ligi ya Mabingwa na tano zinahitaji kushinda Ligi ya Europa ya UEFA. [[Juventus]] ndiyo timu ya pekee barani Uropa kuwahi kushinda vikombe na michuano yote rasmi ya UEFA<ref name="official" /> na, kama upande wa kwanza katika historia ya soka ya Ulaya kuwahi kushinda mashindano matatu makuu ya UEFA, walipokea ''[[Plaque ya UEFA]]'' kutoka kwa Umoja wa Ulaya wa Vyama vya Mpira mnamo tarehe 12 Julai 1988 <ref>{{cite news|language=Spanish|url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.es/preview/1988/07/13/pagina-53/33040569/pdf.html|title=Sorteo de las competiciones europeas de fútbol: el Fram de Reykjavic, primer adversario del F.C. Barcelona en la Recopa|publisher=[[La Vanguardia]]|format=PDF|page=53|date=1988-07-13|accessdate=2009-11-15}}</ref><ref name="UEFA Plaque">{{it}} {{cite web | url=http://archiviostorico.gazzetta.it/1997/maggio/24/Tutto_inizio_con_poesia_ga_0_9705246555.shtml| title=Yote huanza na ushairi 'kidogo' | work=Gazzetta dello Sport's Historical Archive | accessdate=24 Mei 1997}}</ref> ==== Futsal ==== Katika futsal kuna [[Futsal UEFA Cup]]. == Angalia Pia == === mashindano ya UEFA === {|width 100% |valign=top| '''Vilabu:''' *[[Ligi kuu ya Mabingwa barani Ulaya (UEFA) (1): 2008]] *[[Ligi ya Europa ya UEFA]] *[[Kombe la Washindi la UEFA]] (1960-1999) *[[Kombe la Intertoto la UEFA]] (1995-2008) *[[Kombe la Super la UEFA]] *[[Ligi ya Mabingwa ya Wanawake ya UEFA]] *[[rekodi za mashindano ya vilabu za UEFA]] *[[Orodha ya washindi wa mashindano ya vilabu ya UEFA]] |valign=top| '''Timu za taifa:''' *[[Mashindano ya Soka ya Ulaya ya UEFA: 2008]] *[[Mashindano ya kandanda ya bara Ulaya ya UEFA ya vijana wasiozidi umri wa miaka 17 ya mwaka wa 2004.]] *[[Kombe la UEFA ls soka ya Ulaya la waliochini ya miaka 19: 2004]] *[[Mashindano ya kandanda ya bara Ulaya ya UEFA ya vijana wasiozidi umri wa miaka 17 ya mwaka wa 2004.]] *[[UEFA michuano ya Wanawake]] *[[Michuano ya UEFA ya wanawake wliochini ya 19]] *[[Michuano ya UEFA ya wanawake waliochini ya 17]] |valign=top| '''Yasio ya kitaalam:''' *[[Kombe la Kanda la UEFA]] |} === Maazimio ya UEFA === {|width 100% |valign=top| '''Tuzo:''' *[[Tuzo la Klabu la soka la UEFA]] *[[Tuzo la Jubilee la UEFA]] *[[Tuzo la Golden Jubilee Poll la UEFA]] |valign=top| '''Kufuzu:''' *[[UEFA coefficients]] *[[UEFA Elite uwanja]] |valign=top| '''Michuano:''' *[[Mechi ya UEFA ya Sherehe]] |} === Makala yanayolingana === *[[Historia ya mpira]] *[[Vilabu tajiri zaidi vya kandanda]] *[[IFFHS klabu bora barani Uropa cha karne ya 20]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commonscat}} * [http://www.uefa-coefficients.com/ UEFA RANKINGS AND MORE...] *[http://www.uefa.com UEFA ukurasa wa mwanzo] {{Navboxes | title = Viungo | list1 = {{International football}} {{UEFA associations}} {{UEFA teams}} {{International women's football}} {{UEFA women's teams}} {{International club football}} {{UEFA leagues}} {{UEFA women's leagues}} {{International futsal}} {{International Club Futsal}} {{International Beach Soccer}}}} {{DEFAULTSORT:UEFA}} [[Jamii:UEFA|*]] [[Jamii:Shirika lililoanzishwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Mpira wa Miguu]] [[Jamii:Kifupi]] kyua59tt2o46d2fcbor40n4tkh4fyhh 0 36124 1236796 1204410 2022-07-30T07:33:09Z BevoLJ 53014 - {{Fb}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{redirect|Cup Final|the 1991 Israeli film|Cup Final (film)}} Finali ya Kombe la FA kawaida katika [[Uingereza]] hujulikana kama {kombe la FA ndio mechi ya mwisho katika mchuano wa kombe la Shirika la Kandanda Pamoja na mahudhurio ya 89,826 katika faiali ya mwaka wa 2007 .Ni mchuano wa pili uliohudguriwa zaidi na mchuano bora wa kadanda kuhudhuriwa. Inahusisha mechi za kuotoana nje kati ya klabu za Shirika la Kadanda Uingereza katika , ingawa timu za kiskoti na Kiayalandi zilishiriki katika miaka ya awali na timu za kutoka Wales hushiriki mara kwa mara, pamoja na [[Cardiff City]] kushinda Kombe katika [[1927]] na kufikia mwisho mwaka [[2008.]] Hapo awali fianali za kombe la FA zilifanyika katika viwanja mbalimbali, hasa katika [[London.]] Katika kipindi cha kuanzia 1923 hadi 2000, fainali ilifanyika akatika katika [[Uwanja wa Wembley]], uwanja wa taifa wa Uingereza. Kuanzia 2001-2005, fainali ilihamishwa katika [[Uwanja]] wa [[Milenia Cardiff]], wakati wa ujenzi wa Wembley. Uwanja wa Milenia ulitumika tena mwaka wa 2006 kutokana na ucheleweshaji wa ujenzi wa uwanja mpya wa Wembley. Hadi 1993, ikiwa fainali haingeamuliwa na mechi moja mechi hii ingerudiwa. Baada ya mechi sita za kurudia tangu 1923, Shirika la Kadandaliliamua kuwa fainali itakuwa ikiamuliwa siku hiyo,na kuweka kikomo cha kurudia mechi za fainali za FA. Hii ilimaanisha kuwa matokeo ya sawa katika muda wa kawaida yangefuatiwa na dakika thelathini za ziada (dakika kumi na tano kila nusu kipindi); ikiwa matokeo yangekuwa sawa, mikwaju ya penalti ingeamua mshindi. Fainali mbili tu za kombe la FA ndizo zimeamuliwa kwa njia ya penalti ; katika mwaka wa 2005 na 2006. Jua ya kwamba Ligi ya kadanda ya kombe la Vita si sehemu ya Kombe la FA . Rekodi ya [[Stan Mortensen]] ya mabao mengi katika mechi moja akichezea [[Blackpool]] mwaka wa [[1953]] inabakia kofia tu hila rekodi hadi sasa katika Wembley katika mashindano ya fainali. <ref>[1] ^ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/low/football/fa_cup/990464.stm "Fainali ya Matthews " - BBC Sport]</ref> Mchezaji wa [[Everton]] [[Louis Saha]] alifunga bao baada ya sekunde 27.9 katika fainali ya kombe la FA Nduio bao lililofungwa kwa kasi katika historia ya fainali ya FA Cup . Fainali ya kombe la FA ni moja ya matukio kumi yanayohifadhiwa kutangazwa katika vituo vya televisheni Uingereza chini ya [[ITC katika michezo na matukio mengine yaliyoorodheshwa.]] ==Washindi== ''Orodha kamili ya washindi wa kombe la FA na waliofuata , tazama [[Orodha ya washindi wa kombe la FA ]]'' ==Angalia Pia== *[[Refarii wa fainali ya kombe la FA ]] *[[Semi-fainali kombe la FA]] ==Maandiko ya Chini== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== *[http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/engcuphist.html Matokeo kamili ya historia ya] katiak rsssf.com *[http://www.soccerbase.com/cup2.sd?competitionid=58 Hifadhi ya matokeo karibu ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/cup2.sd?competitionid=58 |date=20090226190127 }}katika SoccerBase.com *[http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football-heroes/stats_football/fa_cup_finals/fa_cup_finals.asp fainali baada ya vita] katika Sport-heroes.net ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.midfielddynamo.com/cups/facup_10finalgoals.htm Mechi bora zaidi kumi za fainali ya kombe la FA]katika tovuti ya dynamo classic . {{FA Cup Finals}} [[Category:Fainali ya Kombe la FA]] [[Category:Kombe la FA]] tltcr2b0fr7xltiqr5o78yws3dfq3y9 0 64784 1236814 1233209 2022-07-30T09:45:48Z BevoLJ 53014 + |} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 |Jina = Selena Gomez |Img = Selena_Gomez_at_White_House.jpg |Img_capt = Selena nmano 2022 |Background = solo_singer |Jina la kuzaliwa = Selena Marie Gomez |Amezaliwa = {{birth date and age|1992|07|22|df=yes}} |Asili yake = [[Marekani]] |Aina = [[Pop]], [[rock]] |Kazi yake = Mwimbaji, [[Mwanamitindo]], Mwigizaji |Miaka ya kazi = 2002–hadi leo |Studio = [[Hollywood Records]] |Ameshirikiana na = |Tovuti = {{URL|http://www.selenagomez.com}} }} '''Selena Marie Gomez''' (alizaliwa [[22 Julai]] [[1992]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] [[filamu]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa kike kutoka nchi ya [[Marekani]]. Alianza kuigiza filamu akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka kumi tu. Baadaye akaanza kuimba pia katika bendi, na kutoa albamu kama ''Kiss & Tell'', ''A Year Without Rain'' na ''When the Sun Goes Down''. ==Filamu== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Mwaka ! Filamu ! Kama ! class="unsortable" | Maelezo |- | 2003 | ''Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over'' | Waterpark Girl | |- | 2005 | ''Walker, Texas Ranger: Trial by Fire'' | Julie | |- | 2008 | ''Another Cinderella Story'' | Mary Santiago | Alishinda tuzo mbili |- | 2008 | ''Horton Hears a Who!'' | Helga | sauti |- | 2009 | ''Princess Protection Program'' | Carter Mason | Alishinda tuzo ya ''Teen Choice Award'' |- | 2009 | ''Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie'' | Alex Russo | |- | 2009 | ''Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard'' | Princess Selenia | |- | 2010 | ''Arthur 3: The War of the Two Worlds'' | Princess Selenia | |- | 2010 | ''Ramona and Beezus'' | Beezus Quimby | |- | 2011 | ''Monte Carlo'' | Grace Bennett / Cordelia Winthrop Scott | Alishinda tuzo ya Hollywood Teen TV Award |- | 2011 | ''The Muppets'' | Yeye mwenyewe | |- | 2012 | ''Funny or Die'' | Woman | |- | 2012 | ''[[Hotel Transylvania]]'' | Mavis | sautius |- | 2013 | ''Spring Breakers'' | Faith | |- | 2013 | ''Aftershock'' | Shelby | |- | 2013 | ''Getaway'' | Kid | |- | 2013 | ''Girl Rising'' | Mtangazaji | |- | 2013 | ''Searching'' | Violet | |- |2014 | ''Behaving Badly'' | Nina Pennington | |- |2014 |''Rudderless'' | Kate Ann Lucas | |- |2015 | ''Unity'' | Mtangazaji | |- |2015 | ''[[Hotel Transylvania 2]]'' | Marvis | |- |2015 | ''The Big Short'' | Mwenyewe | |- |2016 | ''The Fundamentals of Caring'' | Dot | |- |2016 | ''Neighbors 2: Sororoty Rising'' | Madison | |- |2016 | ''In Dubious Battle'' | Lisa | |- |2018 | ''[[Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation|Hotel Transylvania 3]]'' | Mavis | |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Tamthilia |- ! Mwaka ! Tamthilia ! Kama ! class="unsortable" | Maelezo |- | 2002–04 | ''Barney & Friends'' | Gianna | Vipindi 14 |- | 2006 | ''Brain Zapped'' | Emily Grace Garcia | |- | 2006 | ''The Suite Life of Zack & Cody'' | Gwen | Kipindi 48: "A Midsummer's Nightmare" (2.22) |- | 2007 | ''Arwin!'' | Alexa | |- | 2007 | ''What's Stevie Thinking?'' | Stefanie "Stevie" Sanchez | |- | 2007–08 | ''Hannah Montana'' | Mikayla | |- | 2007–12 | ''Wizards of Waverly Place'' | Alex Russo | Alishinda tuzo 15 |- | 2008 | ''Jonas Brothers: Living the Dream'' | Mwenyewe | "Hello Hollywood" (1.7) |- | 2008 | ''Studio DC: Almost Live'' | Mwenyewe | |- | 2008 | ''Disney Channel Games'' | Mwenyewe | |- | 2009 | ''The Suite Life on Deck'' | Alex Russo | Kipindi cha 21: "Double-Crossed" (1.21) |- | 2009 | ''Sonny with a Chance'' | Herself | Kipindi cha 13: "Battle of the Networks' Stars" (1.13) |- | 2011 | ''So Random!'' | Mwenyewe | |- | 2011 | ''PrankStars'' | Herself | Kipindi: "Something to Chew On" |- |2013 | ''The Wizards Return: Alex vs Alex'' | Alex Russo | |- |2014-15 | ''We Day'' | Mtangazaji | |- |2015 | ''The Voice'' | Mwenyewe/Mwalimu | |- |2015 | ''The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show'' | Mwenyewe | |- |2016 | ''Saturday Night Live'' | Mwenyewe | |- |2016 | ''Inside Amy Schumer'' | Mwenyewe | |- |2017 |'' 13 Reasons Why'' | Mtayarishaji | |- |} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gomez, Selena}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] fdrxkup6ra14jjshcbgoeklewk5gadi 0 66635 1236781 1188408 2022-07-30T06:25:02Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 /* Kazi */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Karen Disher.jpg|Karen_Disher|thumb|Karen Disher]] {{Infobox actor | jina = Karen Disher | picha = | ukubwa wa picha = 200px | maelezo ya picha = | jina la kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|1972|8|7}} | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = | mahala pa kuzaliwa = [[Marekani|US]] | ndoa = }} '''Karen Disher''' (alizaliwa [[7 Agosti]] [[1972]]) ni [[msanii]] wa kuchora kwa [[filamu]] kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. ==Kazi == Disher alisoma [[elimu]] ya jadi ya [[katuni]] na [[roboti]] 2D katika Shule ya Sanaa ya NYU's. Baada ya kuhitimu, alijiunga na runinga ya MTV kama msanii wa mpangilio kwenye kipindi cha "Beavis and Butt-head". Kisha akabuni [[wahusika]] wakuu na alikuwa mkurugenzi anayesimamia safu iyo" Daria''. Wakati huohuo, alisimamia vipengee vya runinga vya safu hiyo, '' Is It Fall Yet? "Mwaka [[2000]] na ufuatiliaji" Is It College Yet? '' Mnamo mwaka [[2002]]. Kisha akajiunga na Blue Sky Studios, ambapo alifanya kazi kama msanii wa hadithi kwenye filamu nyingi za uhuishaji, pamoja na '' Robots (filamu ya 2005) | Robots '', "Ice Age: The Meltdown, '', ”Horton anasikia nani! (filamu) | Horton Amsikia Nani! '', '' Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs '', '' The Peanuts Movie '', na '' Ferdinand ". Alikuwa pia mkuu wa hadithi juu ya "Rio (filamu ya 2011) | Rio",<ref name=TABMeta>{{cite news|title=Karen Disher in Tisch Asia: Metamorphosis of a Film|url=http://tischasiablog.com/2010/11/karen-disher/|accessdate=October 29, 2013|newspaper=Tisch Asia Blog|date=November 26, 2010}}</ref> na kuelekeza filamu fupi ya vibonzo "Surviving Sid"<ref name=TABMeta /> na televisheni maalum '' Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas '', zote mbili ni sehemu ya '' Ice Age (franchise) | Ice Age '' franchise. Mbali na kupiga hadithi na kuongoza, alitoa sauti yake kwa wahusika wengine wadogo kwenye filamu alizofanya kazi, haswa kwa Scratte katika "Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs" Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs - Production {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Mwaka ! Uhusika ! Kazi ! Maelezo |- | 1996 | ''Beavis and Butt-head Do America'' | | key pose artist |- | 1999 | ''Life'' | | presenter, animator |- | 2000 | ''Is It Fall Yet?'' | | director/original character development/supervising director |- | 2002 | ''Is It College Yet?'' | | director/original character development/animation director |- | 2005 | ''Robots (2005 film)|Robots'' | | rowspan="3" | storyboard artist |- | 2006 | ''Ice Age: The Meltdown'' | |- | rowspan="2"| 2008 | ''Horton Hears a Who! (film)|Horton Hears a Who!'' | Who Kid |- | ''Surviving Sid'' (short film) | S'more | director |- | 2009 | ''Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs'' | Scratte | storyboard artist |- | 2011 | ''Rio (2011 film)|Rio'' | Mother Bird | head of story |- | 2012 | ''Ice Age: Continental Drift'' | Scratte | rowspan="6" | storyboard artist |- | 2013 | ''Epic (2013 film)|Epic'' | |- | 2014 | ''Rio 2'' | |- |2015 | ''The Peanuts Movie''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/animationscoop/behind-the-scenes-the-making-of-the-peanuts-movie-at-the-schulz-museum-20151005 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2021-05-23 |archivedate=2015-11-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113173426/http://blogs.indiewire.com/animationscoop/behind-the-scenes-the-making-of-the-peanuts-movie-at-the-schulz-museum-20151005 }}</ref> | |- | 2016 | ''Ice Age: Collision Course'' | |- | 2017 | ''Ferdinand (film)|Ferdinand'' | |- | 2019 | ''Spies in Disguise'' | | additional story artist, Blue Sky senior creative team |} ===Runinga=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Mwaka ! Uhusika ! Kazi ! Maelezo |- | 1994–1997 | ''Beavis and Butt-head'' | | layout artist |- | 1997–2002 | ''Daria'' | Sally | supervising director/original character designer |- | 2011 | ''Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas'' | Molehog | director |- |} ===Michezo ya Video=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Mwaka ! uhusika ! Maelezo |- | 2000 | ''Daria's Inferno'' | creative consultant |} == Maisha ya binafsi == Mnamo mwaka [[2001]], Disher aliolewa na Robert Todd Partington, wakati huo ni msimamizi wa picha za kompyuta na teknolojia za uhuishaji za Mitandao ya MTV. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] hlkxj03cknthxqwfknxymqgq7ff1ku6 0 81604 1236791 1203613 2022-07-30T07:10:57Z BevoLJ 53014 + |} wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:IBM Blue Gene P supercomputer.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|Tarakilishikuu [[Blue Gene/P]] iliyopo [[Maabara]] ya Kitaifa ya Argonne.]] '''Tarakilishikuu''' ni [[tarakilishi]] inayoshughulikia kiwango kikubwa kabisa cha [[hesabu]] za [[sayansi]]. Inahifadhiwa katika [[chumba]] chenye [[mfumo poza]] maalum ambao unaunganisha uyoyozwaji [[hewa]] na [[kimiminiko poza]]. Tarakilishikuu za [[miaka ya 1970]] zilitumia [[prosesa]] chache. Katika [[miaka ya 1990]] zikatokea [[mashine]] zitumiazo maelfu ya [[prosesa]]. Hadi mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 20]] Tarakilishikuu zitumiazo makumi elfu ya [[prosesa]] zikawa ni kawaida. Tarakilishi za [[karne ya 21]] zinaweza kutumia prosesa zaidi ya 100,000 (baadhi zikitumia vizio vyenye kuonesha kwa picha) zikiunganishwa na miungo kasi. Hadi mwezi Juni wa mwaka [[2013]], Tarakilishikuu iitwayo [[Tianhe-2]] ya [[Uchina]], ndiyo yenye kasi kubwa zaidi duniani kwa 33.86 petaFLOPS (''FLoating Point Operations Per Second''). Tarakilishikuu iitwayo [[Blue Gene/P]] iliyopo [[Maabara]] ya Kitaifa ya [[Argone]] inaendesha zaidi ya prosesa 250,000, ikitumia uyoyozwaji [[hewa]] wa kawaida wa kituo cha [[data]], ina makundi 72 ya [[kabati|makabati]] yanayounganishwa na [[mtandao nuru]] wa kasi kubwa. Mifumo ya Tarakilishi zitumiazo jumla kubwa ya prosesa kwa kawaida zinatumia moja ya njia mbili: Njia mojawapo (kwa mfano, kwenye [[ukokotozi msambao]]) idadi kubwa ya Tarakilishi peke (kwa mfano, [[Tarakilishi mpakato]] [laptop]) zinasambazwa kwenye [[mtandao]] (kwa mfano, [[intaneti]]) na kutenga kiasi au muda wote kutatua tatizo fulani kwa pamoja; kila Tarakilishi inapokea na kukamilisha kazi nyingi ndogo ndogo, na kutoa ripoti ya matokeo kwa Tarakilishikuu ambayo inaunganisha matokeo ya kazi kutoka Tarakilishi zote kuwa utatuzi wa jumla. Katika njia nyingine, idadi kubwa ya prosesa zilizoteuliwa zinawekwa kwa ujirani mkubwa kabisa (kwa mfano, kwenye [[Konga tarakilishi]]); hii inaokoa muda mwingi kuhamisha [[data]] kuzunguka pande zote na inafanya urahisi kwa prosesa kufanya kazi pamoja (kuliko katika kazi zilizotenganishwa), kwa mfano katika [[usanifumuundo]] [[Wavu]] na [[Hayipakyubu]]. Matumizi ya prosesa zenye-kokwa-nyingi ikiunganishwa na uwekaji-chini-ya-makao-makuu ni mwelekeo unaoibuka; mtu anaweza kufikiria hiki kitu kama [[konga]] dogo (prosesa zenye-kokwa-nyingi katika [[smatifoni]], [[tableti]], tarakilishi mpakato na kadhalika) ambalo kwa pamoja linategemea na kuchangia kwenye kundi. Tarakilishikuu inachukua nafasi muhimu katika [[sayansi]] ya mkokotoo, na zinatumika kwa mapana kwenye kazi makini za mkokotoo katika nyanja mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[makanika]] ya [[kwanta]], [[utabiri]] wa [[hali ya hewa]], tafiti za [[tabia nchi]], chunguzi za [[mafuta]] na [[gesi]], fanyizo za [[molekuli]] (ukokotozi wa maumbile na [[tabia]] za michanganyiko ya [[kemikali]], [[makromolekuli]] za [[biolojia]], [[polima]], na [[fuwele]]), na uigaji wa [[Asili]] (kama vile uigaji wa nyakati za mwanzo za [[ulimwengu]], [[erodainamiki]] za [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]] na vyombo vya [[anga]], ulipuaji wa [[silaha za nyuklia]], na mchanganyiko wa [[nyuklia]]). Pote pote katika [[historia]] ya Tarakilishikuu, zimekuwa muhimu katika nyanja ya kukabili [[Elimu ya mficho]]. ==Kipimo cha utendaji wa Tarakilishikuu== Kwa ujumla Tarakilishikuu imelenga katika upeo wa [[ukokotozi uwezo]] kuliko [[ukokotozi ujazo]]. Ukokotozi uwezo hasa unafikiriwa kwamba ni kutumia uwezo wa mwisho wa ukokotozi kutatua tatizo moja kubwa katika kiwango kifupi cha muda. Mara nyingi mfumo uwezo unaweza kutatua tatizo lenye ukubwa au ugumu ambao hakuna Tarakilishi nyingine inayoweza. Kwa mfano, matumizi magumu sana ya uigaji hali ya hewa. Kwa kupingana na hili, ukokotozi ujazo moja kwa moja unafikirika kutumia [[nguvu]] ya Tarakilishi yenye athari madhubuti za [[gharama]] kwa ajili ya kutatua kiwango kidogo cha matatizo makubwa au kiwango kikubwa cha matatizo madogomadogo. Kwa mfano, maombi ya watumiaji wengi kwenye [[databezi]] au [[nywila]]. Miundo ya [[mashine]] zitumikazo kusaidia watumiaji wengi kama utaratibu wa kazi za kila siku zinaweza kuwa na ukubwa mwingi lakini hazifikiriwi moja kwa moja kama Tarakilishikuu, ikichukuliwa kwamba hazitatui tatizo moja kubwa na gumu sana. [[File:Supercomputing-rmax-graph2.svg|300px|thumb|[[Kasi]] za juu za [[Tarakilishikuu]]. [[Kasi]] kwenye [[alamakipimamwendo]] zaidi ya miaka 60.]] Kwa ujumla, [[kasi]] za Tarakilishikuu zinapimwa na kuwekwa [[alama]] teule kwa [[FLOPS]] (Floating Point Operations Per Second), na si kwa mbadala wa [[MIPS]]; ni kwamba, hii ni “Instructions per second” kama inavyohusika na Tarakilishi za madhumuni-ya-jumla. Vipimo hivi kwa kawaida vinatumika kwa pamoja na [[kiambishi awali|viambishi awali]] vya [[SI]] kama vile Tera-, ikiunganishwa katika kifupisho “TFLOPS” (1012 FLOPS, inatamkwa teraflops), au peta-, ikiunganishwa kwenye kifupisho “PFLOPS” (1015 FLOPS, inatamkwa petaflops). Kwa “Kipimopeta” Tarakilishikuu zinaweza kuchakata [[kwadrilioni]] moja ([[milioni]] kwa [[kipawa]] cha [[nne]] ([[Uingereza]]) au [[milioni]] kwa [[kipawa]] cha [[tano]] ([[Marekani]])) (1015) (1000 trilioni) FLOPS. “Kipimoexa” ni kuwa ukokotozi tendaji upo kwenye nafasi ya exaflops. Exaflop ni [[kwintilioni]] moja (1018) FLOPS (teraflops milioni moja). Si [[namba]] moja inayoweza kutoa picha ya utendaji mzima wa mifumo ya Tarakilishi, hata hivyo lengo la [[alama]] teule ya [[Linpark]] ni kukadiria ni kwa kasi ipi Tarakilishi inaweza kutatua matatizo ya namba na hii inatumika kwa mapana zaidi katika [[tasinia]]. Vipimo vya FLOPS ni eidha vimedondolewa kulingana na [[nadharia]] ya utendaji wa kiwango mbadiliko cha prosesa (kizalishwacho kutoka ainisho la mtengenezaji wa prosesa na kuonyeshwa kama “Rpeak” katika orodha ya [[TOP500]]) ambacho kiujumla hakipatikani wakati wa kufanya kazi halisi, au uelewa patikanifu, uzalishwao kutokana na [[alama]] teule za [[LINPARK]] na kuonyeshwa kama “Rmax” katika orodha ya [[TOP500]]. [[Alama]] teule za [[LINPARK]] hasa hasa zinatekeleza changanuzi za LU ya solo kubwa. Utendaji wa [[LINPARK]] unatoa ishara kiasi ya utendaji kwa baadhi ya matatizo ya [[dunia]] halisi, lakini si lazima ifananie na masharti ya utendaji kazi ya Tarakilishikuu nyingi nyinginezo, ambapo kwa mfano zinaweza kuhitaji zaidi kiwango kikubwa cha uwezo wa vizio vya kutunzia [[kumbukumbu]], au zinaweza kuhitaji utendaji bora wa ukokotozi wa [[namba]] kamili, au zinaweza kutaka utendaji wa juu wa mifumo ya I/O ili kupata viwango vya juu vya utendaji. ==Orodha ya TOP500== [[File:Supercomputer Share Top500 November2015.png|thumb|right|350px|Chati ya pai inayoonyesha ushiriki wa nchi kutumia Tarakilishikuu mpaka Novemba 2015]] Tangu mwaka [[1993]], Tarakilishikuu zenye kasi kubwa zimekuwa zikiwekewa [[safu]] katika [[orodha]] iitwayo [[TOP500]]. Orodha hii inaonyesha Tarakilishikuu yenye [[kasi]] iliyopo katika muda wowote unaotakiwa. Orodha ya TOP500 inaonyesha Tarakilishikuu yenye [[kasi]] iliyopo ni ile ambayo [[nchi]] nyingi [[duniani]] kote zinashiriki kuitumia. Mradi wa TOP500 unaweka safu na maelezo ya mifumo ya Tarakilishi 500 zenye nguvu zaidi [[duniani]]. [[Mradi]] ulianzishwa mwaka 1993 na unachapisha orodha iliyokuwa ya kisasa ya Tarakilishikuu mara mbili kwa mwaka. Orodha ya kwanza ya kisasa mara zote inatukia na [[Mkutano wa Kimataifa wa Ukokotozimkuu]] mwezi Juni. Na ya pili huwakilishwa mwezi Novemba katika [[Mkutano wa Ukokotozimkuu wa ACM/IEEE]]. Mradi huu umelenga kutoa msingi wa kutumainiwa wa ufuatiliaji na ugunduaji mielekeo ya ukokotozi wa kasi ya juu na kuweka safu katika misingi ya HPL. Ni utekelezaji unaowezekanika wa utendaji wa hali ya juu wa [[alama teule ya LINPARK]] ulioandikwa kwenye fortran ya Tarakilishi za distributed-memory. Orodha ya TOP500 inakusanywa na [[Jack Dongara]] wa [[Chuo kikuu cha Tennessee, knoxville]], [[Erich Strohmaier]] na [[Horst Simon]] wa Maabara ya Kitaifa ya NERSC/Lawrence Berkeley (na, kutoka 1993 mpaka [[kifo]] chake mwaka [[2014]], [[Hans Meuer]] wa Chuo kikuu cha Mannheim, [[Ujerumani]].) Ifuatayo ni orodha ya hivi karibuni ya [[Tarakilishi]] ambayo inapatikana juu kabisa ya orodha ya [[TOP500]], na “kasi ya juu” inapatikana kama makadirio ya “[[Rmax]]” [[File:Top20supercomputers.png|500px|thumb|[[Tarakilishi]] 20 za juu [[duniani]] hadi Juni 2013]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka !! Tarakilishikuu !! [[FLOPS|Kasi ya juu<br />(Rmax)]] !! Mahali |- |2013 |[[National University of Defense Technology|NUDT]] [[Tianhe-2]] |align=right|33.86&nbsp;PFLOPS |[[Guangzhou]], [[Uchina]] |- |2012 |[[Cray]] [[Titan (supercomputer)|Titan]] |align=right|17.59&nbsp;PFLOPS |[[Oak Ridge, Tennessee|Oak Ridge]], U.S. |- |2012 |[[IBM]] [[IBM Sequoia|Sequoia]] |align=right|17.17&nbsp;PFLOPS |[[Livermore, California|Livermore]], U.S. |- |2011 |[[Fujitsu]] [[Tarakilishi K]] |align=right|10.51&nbsp;PFLOPS |[[Kobe]], [[Japani]] |- |2010 |[[Tianhe-I]]A |align=right|2.566&nbsp;PFLOPS |[[Tianjin]], [[Uchina]] |- |2009 |[[Cray]] [[Jaguar (computer)|Jaguar]] |align=right|1.759&nbsp;PFLOPS |[[Oak Ridge National Laboratory|Oak Ridge]], U.S. |- |rowspan="2" |2008 |rowspan="2" |[[IBM]] [[IBM Roadrunner|Roadrunner]] |align=right|1.026&nbsp;PFLOPS |rowspan="2" |[[Los Alamos National Laboratory|Los Alamos]], U.S. |- |align=right|1.105&nbsp;PFLOPS |- |} ==Historia ya Tarakilishikuu== [[Historia]] ya ukokotozi mkubwa sana inarudi nyuma hadi [[miaka ya 1960]] wakati mfululizo wa Tarakilishi katika Control Data Corporation ([[CDC]]) ulibuniwa na [[Seymour Cray]] kutumia ubunifu vumbuzi na usambamba ili kufanikisha kufikia kilele cha ukokotoaji bora. Tarakilishi [[CDC6600]] iliyoachiwa mwaka 1964 inafikirika kuwa ndiyo Tarakilishikuu ya kwanza. [[Cray]] alihama [[CDC]] mwaka 1972 na kwenda kuunda kampuni yake. Miaka minne baadaye, aliwasilisha Tarakilishi iitwayo [[Cray-1]] iliyokua na kasi ya 80Mhz mwaka 1976, na ikawa moja ya Tarakilishikuu yenye mafanikio sana katika [[historia ya Tarakilishi]]. Tarakilishi [[Cray-2]] iliachiwa mwaka 1985 ambayo ilikua ni tarakilishi ya prosesa 8 yenye kutumia kimiminiko poza na mfumo poza wa maji yanayosukumwa kwa nguvu ya shinikizo kupoza vihunzi huru vyake wakati ikitumika. Cray-2 ilifanya kazi kwa kasi ya [[1.9gigaflops]] ikawa Tarakilishi yenye kasi kubwa [[duniani]] hadi mwaka 1990. [[File:Cray-1-deutsches-museum.jpg|thumb|Cray-1 imetunzwa katika jumba la makumbusho la [[Deutsches]]-]] Wakati Tarakilishikuu za [[miaka ya 1980]] zikitumia prosesa chache tu, [[miaka ya 1990]], [[mashine]] zilizotumia maelfu ya prosesa zikaanza kuonekana kote [[Marekani]] na [[Japani]], na kuweka rekodi mpya za utendaji wa mkokotoo. Tarakilishikuu iitwayo [[Numerical Wind Tunnel]] kutoka kampuni ya [[Fujitsu]] ilitumia prosesa za [[Vekta]] 166 na kujiweka nafasi ya juu mwaka 1994 kwa kasi ya juu ya [[1.7gigaflops]] kwa prosesa. [[Intel Paragon]] inawezekana ilikuwa na prosesa za [[Intel i860]] kuanzia 1000 hadi 4000 katika umbo mbalimbali, na kutambulika kuwa ndiyo na kasi zaidi [[duniani]] mwaka 1993. Paragon ilikuwa ni mashine ya [[MIMD]] ambayo inaunganisha prosesa kupitia wavu wa vimbe mbili wenye kasi kubwa, ulioruhusu kazi zifanyike katika chomozo tofauti, kwa kuwasiliana kupitia Kipengee cha Upitishaji Jumbe. [[SR2201]] ilipata utendaji wa juu wa 600 [[megaflops]] mwaka 1996 kwa kutumia prosesa 2048 zilizounganishwa kupitia mtandao wa mwamba wa vimbe tatu wenye kasi. ==Matumizi ya [[nishati]] na mbinu za kudhibiti joto kwa Tarakilishikuu== Tarakilishikuu hasa inatumia kiwango kikubwa cha nguvu ya [[umeme]], na takribani kiwango chote hiki kinageuzwa kuwa joto, inahitaji upoozaji. Kwa mfano [[Tianhe-1A]] inatumia [[Wati|megawati]] 4.04 za [[umeme]]. Gharama za kuwasha na kupoza [[mashine]] zinaweza kuwa kubwa, kwa mfano [[wati|megawati]] 4, katika bei ya [[dola]] 0.10 kwa [[wati|kilowati]], ni jumla ya [[dola]] 400 kwa saa au [[dola]] milioni 3.5 kwa [[mwaka]]. Mbinu za udhibiti joto ni suala kubwa kwenye vifaa vya [[elektroniki]] vyenye sehemu nyingi, na linaathiri mifumo ya [[Tarakilishi]] yenye nguvu sana kwa namna tofautitofauti. Nguvu ya Mpango wa Joto na Mtapanyo wa Nguvu ya [[CPU]] vilitoa kwa ukokotozi-mkubwasana kuzipita zile mbinu za kizamani za upoozeshaji [[Tarakilishi]]. Uwekaji wa maelfu ya prosesa pamoja bila kuzuilika unazalisha kiwango kikubwa cha msongamano wa joto ambao unatakiwa ushughulikiwe. [[Cray-2]] ilipoozwa kwa kimiminiko poza na mfumo poza wa maji yanayosukumwa kwa nguvu ya shinikizo kupoza vihunzi huru vyake wakati ikitumika. Hata hivyo njia hii ya upoozeshaji kwa kutumia kimiminiko haikua sahihi kiutendaji kwa mifumo ya kabati-nyingi zitumiazo [[prosesa]] zisizo-kwenye-rafu, na katika [[System X]], mfumo maalum wa upoozeshaji unaohusisha uyoyozwaji hewa na kimiminiko poza ulianzishwa kwa mwungano na kampuni ya [[Liebert]]. Katika mfumo wa [[Blue Gene]], [[IBM]] kwa makusudi kabisa walitumia prosesa za nguvu ya chini ili kushughulikia msongamano wa joto. Kwa upande mwingine, [[Power775]] kutoka [[IBM]], iliyoachiwa mwaka 2011, ina [[elementi]] zilizowekwa karibu sana ambazo zinahitaji upoozeshaji wa kutumia maji. Mfumo wa [[Aquasar]] kutoka [[IBM]] kwa upande mwingine unatumia upoozeshaji wa kutumia maji moto ili kufanikisha ufanisi wa [[nishati]]. Maji yanatumiwa pia kupasha majengo. Ufanisi wa nishati wa mifumo ya [[Tarakilishi]] kiujumla unapimwa kimbadala na “[[FLOPS]] kugawanya kwa [[wati]]”. Mwaka 2008, [[Roadrunner]] kutoka [[IBM]] ilifanya kazi kwa 376 [[MFLOPS]]/[[wati]]. Mwezi Novemba mwaka 2010, [[Blue Gene/Q]] ilifikia 1684 [[MFLOPS]]/[[wati]]. Mwezi Juni wa 2011, sehemu 2 za juu kwenye orodha ya [[Green500]] zilishikwa na mashine za [[Blue Gene]], za [[New York]] (kila moja ikifikia 2097 [[MFLOPS]]/[[wati]]), ambapo konga [[DEGIMA]] ya [[Nagasaki]] ikichukua nafasi ya tatu ikiwa na 1375 [[MFLOPS]]/[[wati]]. ==Matumizi ya Tarakilishikuu== Hatua za matumizi ya Tarakilishikuu zinaweza kuwekwa kwa kifupi katika jedwali lifuatalo: {| class="wikitable" |- ! [[Muongo]] !! Matumizi na [[Tarakilishi]] husika |- |1970s |Utabiri wa hali ya hewa, tafita za [[erodainamiki]] ([[Cray-1]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Cray/Cray.Cray1.1977.102638650.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=Cray Research, Inc|title=The Cray-1 Computer System|accessdate=25 May 2011}}</ref> |- |1980s |Changanuzi za Probabilistiki,<ref>{{cite web|last=Joshi|first=Rajani R.|date=9 June 1998|title=A new heuristic algorithm for probabilistic optimization|publisher=Department of Mathematics and School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Powai, Bombay, India|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VC5-3SWXX64-8&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=0a76921c6623fa556491f2dccdf4377e|accessdate=1 July 2008|subscription=yes|archivedate=2009-04-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422055948/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VC5-3SWXX64-8&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=0a76921c6623fa556491f2dccdf4377e}}</ref> Ufanyizaji kinga za [[mnururisho]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Abstract for SAMSY – Shielding Analysis Modular System|publisher=OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France|url=http://www.nea.fr/abs/html/iaea0837.html|accessdate=25 May 2011}}</ref> ([[CDC Cyber]]). |- |1990s |Mabavu ya uvumbuzi wa maneno ya siri ([[EFF DES cracker]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cosic.esat.kuleuven.be/des/ |title=EFF DES Cracker Source Code |publisher=Cosic.esat.kuleuven.be |date= |accessdate=8 July 2011 |archivedate=2019-01-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190120101729/https://www.cosic.esat.kuleuven.be/des/ }}</ref> |- |2000s |Uigaji majaribio ya [[nyuklia]] wa 3D kama mbadala wa utendaji kisheria wa [[mkataba wa kuzuia ueneaji wa silaha za nyuklia]]. ([[ASCI Q]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd49/49doe.html |title=Disarmament Diplomacy: – DOE Supercomputing & Test Simulation Programme |publisher=Acronym.org.uk |date=22 August 2000 |accessdate=8 July 2011 |archivedate=2013-05-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516033550/http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd49/49doe.html }}</ref> |- |2010s |Uigaji elimumiendo ya molekuli ([[Tianhe-1A]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.nvidia.com/2011/06/chinas-investment-in-gpu-supercomputing-begins-to-pay-off-big-time/ |title=China’s Investment in GPU Supercomputing Begins to Pay Off Big Time! |publisher=Blogs.nvidia.com |date= |accessdate=8 July 2011 |archivedate=2011-07-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705021457/http://blogs.nvidia.com/2011/06/chinas-investment-in-gpu-supercomputing-begins-to-pay-off-big-time/ }}</ref> |} [[Tarakilishi]] [[Blue Gene/P]] ya [[IBM]] imekua ikitumika kuigiza [[seli]] [[neva]] bandia katika ulinganifu wa makadirio ya [[asilimia]] moja ya tabaka la nje ya [[ubongo]] wa [[binadamu]]. Utabiri wa hali ya hewa wa kisasa pia unategemea Tarakilishikuu. Idara ya [[Taifa]] ya Usimamiaji maswala ya [[Bahari]] na [[Hewa]] wanatumia Tarakilishikuu kuchakacha mamia ya mamilioni ya chunguzi kusaidia kufanya tabiri za hali ya hewa ziwe sahihi zaidi. Mwaka 2011, changamoto na magumu katika kusukuma mgubiko wa matumizi ya Tarakilishikuu viliwekewa msisitizo na kampuni ya [[IBM]] kutelekeza mradi wake wa Tarakilishi [[Blue Waters]] ya kipimopeta. ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.fiala.me/pubs/papers/libsdc11.pdf A Tunable, Software-based DRAM Error Detection and Correction Library for HPC] * [http://www.fiala.me/pubs/papers/sc12-redmpi.pdf Detection and Correction of Silent Data Corruption for Large-Scale High-Performance Computing] [[Jamii:Kompyuta]] [[Jamii:Teknolojia]] lplgs32419z92b68kps1bpm2fbe345h 0 87343 1236644 1137637 2022-07-29T14:36:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:Raban-Maur Alcuin Otgar.jpg|thumb|250px|Rabanus Maurus (kushoto) akitoa kitabu chake kwa Otgar wa Mainz.]] '''Rabanus Maurus Magnentius ''' ([[Mainz]], [[780]] hivi – [[Oestrich-Winkel]], [[4 Februari]] [[856]]), alikuwa [[mmonaki]] [[Mbenedikto]] maarufu kama [[mwanateolojia]] na mhubiri, ambaye akawa [[askofu mkuu]] wa Mainz, [[Ujerumani]]. Ndiye mtunzi wa [[kamusi elezo]] ''De rerum naturis'' (''"Mambo ya uasilia"'') na wa [[vitabu]] mbalimbali kuhusu [[malezi]], [[sarufi]] na ufafanuzi wa [[Biblia]]<ref> The first nominally complete edition of the works of Hrabanus Maurus was that of [[Georges Colvener]] (Cologne, 6 vols. fol., 1627). The ''Opera omnia'' form vols. cvii–cxii of [[Jacques Paul Migne|Migne]]'s ''[[Patrologia Latina|Patrologiae cursus completus]]''. The ''De universo'' is the subject of ''Compendium der Naturwissenschaften an der Schule zu Fulda im IX. Jahrhundert'' (Berlin, 1880). Recent critical editions are available of some of his works: * ''De sermonum proprietate sive Opus de universo'', edited by Priscilla Throop, 2. Vols. Charlotte, Ve : MedievalsMS, cop. 2009. * Priscilla Throop, trans., ''Hrabanus Maurus: De Universo: the peculiar properties of words and their mystical significance'', 2 vols. Charlotte, VT: MedievalMS, 2009. * ''Expositio in Matthaeum'', edited by B. Löfstedt, 2 vols. [[Corpus Christianorum]], continuatio medievalis 174-174A. Turnhout: Brepols, 2000. * ''In honorem sanctae crucis'', edited by M. Perrin, 2 vols. Corpus Christianorum, continuatio medievalis 100-100A. Turnhout: Brepols, 1997. * ''Martyrologium. Liber de computo'', edited by J. McCulloh and W. Stevens, Corpus Christianorum, continuatio mediaevalis 44. Turnhout: Brepols, 1997. * ''Hrabanus Maurus: De institutione clericorum; Studien und Edition'', Freiburger Beitraege zur mittelalterlichen Geschichte 7. Frankfurt am Main: 1996. (An edition (with German translation?) of the 'De Institutione Clericorum' is listed as 'in preparation' by Brepols.) Publications on the occasion of the 1150th anniversary of his death: *Hans-Jürgen Kotzur, ed., Rabanus Maurus: Auf den Spuren eines karolingischen Gelehrten. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 2006. ISBN 3-8053-3613-6. 120 pages, 77 color ills., 8 b/w ills. Contains full-color illustrations of Maurus's cross poems and their transcriptions and partial translations. *Stephanie Haarländer, Rabanus Maurus zum Kennenlernen: Ein Lesebuch mit einer Einführung in sein Leben und Werk. Publikationen Bistum Mainz. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgeselschaft, 2006. ISBN 978-3-934450-24-0. 184 pages, many b/w ills. Collection of texts by Maurus translated into German, with extensive introduction to Maurus's life and work. *Franz J. Felten, ed., Hrabanus Maurus: Gelehrter, Abt von Fulda und Erzbischof von Mainz. Mainz: Publikationen Bistum Mainz, 2006. ISBN 978-3-934450-26-4. 196 pages, 4 color ills. Collection of historical essays. ''See also'' [[:de:Raymund Kottje|Raymund Kottje]] (2012) ''Verzeichnis der Handschriften mit den Werken des Hrabanus Maurus'', Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover. ISBN 978-3-7752-1134-5 (Translation: Index of Manuscripts with the Works of Hrabanus Maurus, compiled by Raymund Kottje, Professor Emeritus, University of Bonn, Germany.)</ref>. Kwa umuhimu wake kati ya [[walimu]] wa kipindi cha [[Karolo Mkuu]], aliitwa "Praeceptor Germaniae" ("mwalimu wa Ujerumani"). Anasifiwa kwa kutoacha chochote alichoweza kufanya kwa [[utukufu]] wa [[Mungu]]. Katika ''[[Martyrologium Romanum]]'' anatajwa kama [[mtakatifu]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]], [[sikukuu]] yake ikiwa [[tarehe]] 4 Februari<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]], 2004, uk. 133</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== *{{CathEncy|wstitle=Blessed Maurus Magnentius Rabanus}} *[http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20_40_0788-0856-_Rabanus_Maurus.html Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes] ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commonscat}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3hk_z_69iw&nohtml5=False ''Veni Creator Spiritus'' (with phonetic pronunciation)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DtMzsXQtM4&nohtml5=False ''Come Holy Ghost, Creator Blest'', [[Ann Blyth]]] * [https://w2.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2009/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20090603.html Pope Benedict XVI, "Rabanus Maurus", General Audience June 3, 2009] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 780]] [[Category:Waliofariki 856]] [[Category:Wamonaki]] [[Category:Wabenedikto]] [[Category:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Category:Waandishi wa Kilatini]] [[Category:Wanaisimu]] [[Category:Wanateolojia wa Ujerumani]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Ujerumani]] ji900eoteyo2w7j15jumurwzkamhltd 0 97017 1236676 1234717 2022-07-29T15:47:42Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Prince Boateng (cropped).jpg|thumb|Kevin-Prince Boateng.]] [[Picha:Kevin-Prince Boateng and Álvaro Fernández – Ghana vs. Uruguay 2010 FIFA World Cup.jpg|thumb|Boateng akiichezea Ghana katika [[kombe la dunia]] [[2010]].]] '''Kevin-Prince Boateng''' (hutamkwa [ˈkɛvɪn pʁɪns bo.aˈtɛŋ]; amezaliwa [[6 Machi]] [[1987]] na [[wazazi]] wa [[Taifa|mataifa]] tofauti: [[baba]] [[Mghana]] [[mama]] [[Mjerumani]]. Ni [[bingwa]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] ambaye kwa sasa anachezea [[timu]] ya Eintracht Frankfurt. Ni [[kiungo (michezo)|kiungo]] ambaye anaweza kucheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Boateng inajulikana kwa [[nguvu]] zake, [[kasi]] anapokuwa na mpira, vyenga vya kushangaza. [[Tovuti]] rasmi ya [[FIFA]] alieleza Boateng kama "mchezaji aliyebarikiwa kuwa na [[nguvu]], [[kasi]], [[hatari]] katika kufunga mabao. '''Boateng''' alianza [[kazi]] yake katika klabu ya Reinickendorfer Füchse mwanzoni mwa mwaka [[1994]] akiwa na miaka sita kabla ya kujiunga na Hertha BSC 1 Julai 1994 akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka saba. Baada ya kujitokeza kutoka timu ya Hertha, Boateng alicheza Hertha BSC II kwa misimu miwili akapandishwa kikosi cha timu ya kwanza ya Hertha katika msimu wa 2005-06. '''Boateng''' alicheza [[Portsmouth]] katika kombe la [[FA]] mwishoni mwa mwaka [[2010]] katika ligi kuu ya [[Uingereza]], klabu ya [[Portsmouth]] ilimsainisha Boateng kwa [[mkataba]] wa miaka mitatu mwaka 2009 kwa ada ya kuripotiwa ya [[Pauni|£]] [[milioni]] 4. Tarehe 12 Septemba 2009, alifunga bao lake la kwanza dhidi ya [[Chelsea F.C.]], na alikuwa mchezaji bora wa mwezi Agosti katika mwaka huo. Alimaliza msimu akiwa na mabao matatu katika michezo 22. Mwezi Mei mwaka [[2010]], [[Portsmouth]] alicheza na Chelsea katika kombe la FA, ambapo [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ilishinda 1-0. Wakati wa mechi, Boateng alimchezea rafu kiungo wa Chelsea [[Michael Ballack]], na kumjeruhi [[kiwiko]]. Boateng alidai kwamba Ballack alimpiga katika uso kabla ya yeye kumchezea rafu, na alimuomba msamaaha Ballack kwa rafu aliyomchezea. {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ujerumani]] dvo0596f1zboetoh3nedr3qy0bsr96z 0 108328 1236645 1235467 2022-07-29T14:37:04Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |Img=Sauti-Sol.jpg|Tovuti={{URL|www.sauti-sol.com}}|Asili yake=[[Nairobi]], Kenya|Jina=Sauti Sol|Wanachama wa sasa={{Plainlist| * Bien-Aimé Baraza * Willis Chimano * Savara Mudigi * Polycarp Otieno }}}} '''Sauti Sol''' ni bendi ya afro-pop ya [[Kenya]] iliyoanzishwa mjini [[Nairobi]], <ref>[https://mdundo.com/news/16797 Mdundo: Sauti Sol Autobiography, Who is Sauti Sol? and Where is Sauti Sol from]</ref> Kenya, na waimbaji '''Bien-Aimé Baraza''', '''Willis Chimano''' na '''Savara Mudigi''' mwaka wa [[2005]]. <ref name="formation-1">{{Cite web|url=http://mdundo.com/a/197|title=Sauti Sol|publisher=mdundo.com|accessdate=3 August 2014}}</ref> <ref name="formation-2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.africaontheblog.com/sauti-sol-kenyan-afro-fusion-band/|title=Sauti Sol, Kenyan Afro-fusion Band|date=9 September 2012|author=Minda Magero|work=Africa on the Blog|accessdate=3 August 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.penya-africa.com/artist/sautisol/|title=Penya Africa {{!}} Sauti Sol|publisher=Penya Africa|accessdate=23 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130061007/www.penya-africa.com/artist/sautisol/|archivedate=30 January 2016}}</ref> Hapo awali kilikua kikundi cha cappella, mpiga gitaa '''Polycarp Otieno''' alijiunga kabla ya kujiita Sauti Sol. <ref name="formation-3">{{Cite web|url=http://rafiki-kenya.blogspot.com/2009/08/sauti-sol-refreshing-kenyan-music-now.html|title=Sauti Sol: Refreshing Kenyan music now available to the world|date=1 August 2009|work=Rafiki Kenya|accessdate=3 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011013758/rafiki-kenya.blogspot.com/2009/08/sauti-sol-refreshing-kenyan-music-now.html|archivedate=11 October 2014}}</ref> == Washiriki wa bendi == * Bien-Aimé Baraza – Mtunzi wa nyimbo, [[Gitaa]], [[Piano]] * Willis Chimano – Mwimbaji, Mwigizaji, mpiga Keytar * Savara Mudigi - Mwimbaji, [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|Mtayarishaji]], ngoma, gitaa la Bass * Polycarp Otieno – Mpiga Gitaa, [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|Mtayarishaji]], [[Mtunzi]], Mpiga Gitaa == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Bendi za muziki wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Muziki nchi kwa nchi]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki nchi kwa nchi]] qpqynrkv8j16ywt9qclzbyyg7rveav7 0 111827 1236686 1236536 2022-07-29T17:25:42Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 |picha=Dizasta panorama.png |maelezo=Dizasta Vina akiwa Stejini—Septemba 2018, [[Dar es Salaam]],[[Tanzania]]. |tarehe ya kuzaliwa= {{birth date and age|1993|2|17|df=yes}} |mahali pa kuzaliwa= [[Iringa]],[[Tanzania]] | Kazi yake = *[[Rapa]] *[[Mtunzi wa Nyimbo]] *[[Mshairi]] *[[Mtayarishaji wa rekodi]] |Jina=Dizasta Vina|Jina la kuzaliwa=Edger Vicent|Jina lingine=Fundi Vina<br>Professor Tungo<br>The Black Maradona|Miaka ya kazi=2007 - hadi leo|Studio=[[Panorama Authentik]]|Ameshirikiana na=*[[One The Incredible]] *[[Nikki Mbishi]] *[[Ringle Beatz]] *JCB wa [[Watengwa]]|Aina ya muziki=[[Muziki wa hip hop|Hip hop]]|Ala=[[Sauti]]<br />[[Ngoma]]<br />[[Kinanda]]|Chimbuko=[[Mbeya]], [[Tanzania]]|Background=solo_singer}} '''Edger Vicent''' (anafahamika zaidi kwa [[jina la kisanii]] kama '''Dizasta Vina'''; amezaliwa [[17 Februari]] [[1993]]) ni [[msanii]] wa [[muziki]] wa [[Hip Hop]] na [[mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Ni msanii ambaye muundo wa mashairi yake unajumuisha usimulia wa matukio na hadithi za maisha halisi ya jamii aliyotokea. Tungo zake zinajulikana kwa kuakisi maisha ya raia wa kawaida wa Tanzania na [[Afrika]] kwa ujumla. Alianza [[kurap]] mnamo mwaka wa [[2007]] kwa kushiriki katika mashindano mbalimbali ikiwa ni pamoja na [[SM Straight Music Freestyle Battle]] mwaka wa [[2010]] mkoani Iringa. Mashindano haya yalimjenga kisanaa na baadaye alijiunga na [[Tamaduni Muzik]] kupitia shindano la utafutaji wa vipaji. Mnamo mwaka wa [[2012]] alianza kupata umaarufu kwenye tasnia ya muziki nchini Tanzania, baada ya kutoa wimbo uliokwenda kwa jina la "Harder".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dizasta Vina Biography, Music Career, Awards, Relationships and Net Worth ⚜ Latest music news online|url=https://mdundo.com/news/21110|work=mdundo.com|accessdate=2022-07-28|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2017, alitoa kandamseto yake ya kwanza "[[The Wonderboy Mixtape]]". Aliachia nyimbo kadhaa na kufanikiwa kutoa albamu yake ya kwanza "[[JESUSta]]" mwaka wa 2018. Mnamo tarehe 27 Desemba [[2020]], alitoa albamu yake ya pili "[[The Verteller]]".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Micshariki Africa|url=https://micshariki.africa/dizasta-vina-the-verteller/|accessdate=2022-07-28|language=en}}</ref> Kando na kutoa nyimbo, Dizasta amekuwa akifanya utayarishaji wa nyimbo zake, hii ni baada ya kuamua kukaa chini na kuanza kusoma namna ya kutayarisha muziki na kufanya uhandisi wa sauti. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Dizasta Vina ni mtoto wa pili kuzaliwa katika familia yake na ni mwanaume pekee akiwa na dada zake wawili, alizaliwa mnamo tarehe [[17 Februari]] [[1993]]. Ingawa kiasili ni [[Wanyakyusa|Mnyakyusa]] kutoka [[Mbeya]] (mkoa uliopo Nyanda za Juu Kusini mwa Tanzania) alizaliwa [[mkoa wa Iringa]] kabla ya wazazi wake kuhamia [[Dar es Salaam]] ambako alianza shule. Elimu yake ya msingi aliipata katika shule ya msingi ya "Kimanga" iliyopo [[wilaya ya Ilala]] jijini Dar es Salaam aliandikishwa katika shule hiyo mnamo mwaka wa 2000. Mwaka wa 2007 alijiunga na elimu ya sekondari katika shule binafsi ya "White Lake High School" iliyopo eneo la Changanyikeni jijini Dar es Salaam kisha kumaliza masomo ya sekondari katika shule ya "Southern Highlands Secondary School" iliyopo Soweto jijini [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] — mnamo mwaka wa 2O1O. Aliendelea na kidato cha tano katika shule ya "Kigoma High School" mkoani [[Kigoma]] ambapo alisoma kwa muda wa miezi minne tu kabla ya kumalizia masomo yake ya elimu ya sekondari katika shule ya "Mbeya High School". Dizasta alijiunga na masomo ya elimu ya juu mwaka wa 2013 katika [[Chuo cha Usimamizi wa Fedha]] (IFM) kilichopo jijini Dar es Salaam na kusoma shahada ya kwanza ya uhasibu. == Kazi ya muziki == [[Picha:Dizasta_Vina_katika_Pozi.png|alt=|thumb|Dizasta vina katika Pozi — 2019.]] Dizasta Vina amezaliwa katika familia inayopenda muziki na alianza kufuatilia muziki tangu akiwa na umri mdogo. Msukumo wa kuupenda muziki aliupata kutoka kwa familia yake. Mama yake aliimba kwaya kanisani na pia kwa vipindi tofauti, dada zake walijiunga na uimbaji wa kwaya na wengine bado wanaimba mpaka sasa. Wakati anakua, Vina alijulikana mtaani kwa kukariri nyimbo za wanamuziki mashuhuri nchini Tanzania kama vile [[Professor Jay]], [[Afande Sele]], [[Juma Nature]], na [[Solo Thang]]. Wakati fulani, watu walikuwa wakimpa pesa ili awaimbie baadhi ya nyimbo zilizotamba wakati huo. Alianza kutamani kuwa mchanaji baada ya kusikiliza albamu ya "[[Machozi Jasho na Damu]]" ya Professor Jay. Dizasta vina alianza rasmi kujishughulisha na masuala ya muziki mnamo mwaka wa 2007 kwa kushiriki katika mashindano mbalimbali ya kurap ikiwa ni pamoja na [[SM Straight Music Freestyle Battle]] mwaka wa 2010 mkoani Iringa. Mashindano kama haya yalimjengea msingi wa kuwa mwanamuziki na kumpa hamasa ya kujifunza zaidi kuhusu misingi ya utamaduni wa hip hop. Mnamo mwaka wa 2011 alikutana na mtayarishaji wa muziki, [[Duke Touchez]]. Duke alimpa mwongozo wa jinsi ya kujiunga na [[Tamaduni Muzik]] ambayo kwa kipindi hicho ilikuwa inatafuta vipaji vipya kwa ajili ya "[[Tamaduni Foundation]]". Dizasta alishiriki shindano ya kuchana lililofanyika wakati wa tamasha la kuachia santuri tano kwa mpigo ("African Son" ya Stereo, "Sauti ya Jogoo" ya [[Nikki Mbishi]], "Mzimu wa Shaaban Robert" ya [[Nash MC]], "Underground Legendary" ya Duke Touchez na "Mathematrix" ya Songa na Ghetto Ambassador).<ref>{{Cite web|title=:::::::::TAMADUNIMUZIK::::::::::: UZINDUZI WA SANTURI 5 KWA PAMOJA|url=http://tamadunimuzik.blogspot.com/2012/08/uzinduzi-wa-santuri-5-kwa-pamoja.html|date=2012-08-11|accessdate=2022-07-28|author=Tamadunimuzik}}</ref> Baada ya shindano hilo alifanikiwa kujiunga rasmi na Tamaduni Muzik. Alianza kupata umaarufu mnamo mwaka wa 2012, alipotoa wimbo wake wa kwanza 'Harder'.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dizasta Vina: Zawadi nyingine kwa wapenda HipHop Tanzania|url=https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/dizasta-vina-zawadi-nyingine-kwa-wapenda-hiphop-tanzania.1419722/|work=JamiiForums|accessdate=2022-07-28|language=en-US}}</ref> Mwaka wa 2013, Dizasta alitoa wimbo ulioitwa "Tega sikio", kisha akatoa "Goli la ushindi", "Nyumba Ndogo" na "Sister". Dizasta alishirikishwa kwenye albamu ya "Underground Project" ya mtayarishaji wa muziki anayefahamika kwa jina la AK 47, kwenye wimbo uliokwenda kwa jina la "Heavyweight" alishirikiana na mwanamuziki wa kike, [[Tifa Flows]]. Mwaka huo huo alishirikishwa katika albamu ya "Upande wa pili wa sarafu" ya mtayarishaji wa muziki Abby Mp, kazi ya kilinge ya Duke Touchez, albamu ya "Kiutu Uzima" ya msanii Kadgo, Kandamseto ya "Slow Jams" ya mtayarishaji wa muziki - Innocent Mujwahuki, "Tamaduni Foundation" ya Ngwesa na "Representing Africa Popote" ya [[One the Incredible]]. Dizasta akiwa anaendelea na masomo ya chuo kikuu alijifunza mambo madogo madogo ya kuwa mwanamuziki wa kujitegemea. Kufikia mwaka wa 2015, Vina alikuwa maarufu nchini Tanzania baada ya kutoa wimbo wa ‘Kijogoo’ na ‘Siku Nikifa’. Mwaka 2017 alitoa kandamseto yake ya kwanza iliyokwenda kwa jina la "[[The Wonderboy Mixtape]]". Kandamseto hii ilivuta usikivu wa wadau wengi wa muziki na alianza kuzungumziwa kupitia media mbalimbali kama mmoja wa wasanii bora wa kizazi kipya na mtunzi mahiri wa nyimbo za masimulizi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dizasta Vina anaweza akawa ndio best rapper Tanzania|url=https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/dizasta-vina-anaweza-akawa-ndio-best-rapper-tanzania.1483766/|work=JamiiForums|accessdate=2022-07-28|language=en-US}}</ref> Mnamo 14 Februari 2018, Dizasta alipata mwaliko kwenye "Dakika 10 za Maangamizi" kipindi kidogo ndani ya kipindi cha Planet Bongo cha [[East Africa Radio]]. Iliripotiwa kuwa kipindi chake cha mitindo huru ni mojawapo ya kipindi bora zaidi kwenye mfululizo wa kipindi hicho.<ref>{{Citation|title=Dakika 10 Za Maangamizi- Dizasta Vina {{!}} Planet Bongo I|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TS4E3bG1b30|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2022-07-28}}</ref> ===2018: ''JESUSta''=== Desemba mwaka wa 2018, Dizasta Vina alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza iliyoitwa "[[JESUSta]]". Albamu hiyo yenye nyimbo 20 imeshirikisha wasanii wengine ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Nikki Mbishi]], Shaolin Senetor, Bokonya, Kinya, [[Motra the Future]], [[Boshoo]] na Jeff Mduma. Albamu ilivuta hisia za wapenzi wengi wa muziki wa hip hop kote nchini na ilijumuisha nyimbo maarufu kama "The Lost One", "Nobody is Safe", " Kanisa", na "Hatia". Wimbo wa "Kikaoni" ambao aliutayarisha mwenyewe uliingia katika chati za vituo kadhaa vya redio jijini Dar es Salaam na kote Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Audiomack {{!}} Free Music Sharing and Discovery|url=https://audiomack.com/dizastavina/song/dizasta-vina-kikaoni-1|work=audiomack.com|accessdate=2022-07-28|language=en}}</ref> ===2020:''The Verteller''=== {{main|The Verteller}} "The Verteller" albamu ya pili ya Dizasta Vina ilitolewa tarehe 27 Desemba 2020 ilitolewa kupitia Panorama Authentik na utayarishaji wake ulishughulikiwa na Ringle Beatz (ambaye pia amesimama kama mtayarishaji mkuu), Cjmoker na Jcob. Dizasta alirekodi albamu hii kati ya mwaka 2019 na 2020. The Verteller ina jumla ya nyimbo 20 kama mtangulizi wake na imeshirikisha wasanii wengine kutoka nchini Tanzania ikiwa ni pamoja na Tk Nendeze, Adam ShuleKongwe, Bokonya, Wakiafrika, Nasra Sayeed na Dash. Albamu ilipokelewa vyema na mashabiki na wapenzi wa muziki. Nyimbo kama "Ndoano", " The Confession of a Mad Man", "Wimbo usio bora", " Kesho" na "Muscular Feminist" zilimletea umaarufu zaidi wa kitaifa na ufuasi mkubwa wa mashabiki.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dizasta Vina - Simulizi, Ubunifu na Maisha ya Jamii yake Ndani ya Album ya The Verteller.|url=https://medium.com/@BenixMatrix/dizasta-vina-simulizi-ubunifu-na-maisha-ya-jamii-yake-ndani-ya-album-ya-the-verteller-c5d5b6594974|work=Medium|date=2022-05-27|accessdate=2022-05-30|language=en|author=Bernard Mwakililo}}</ref> == Kutayarisha muziki == [[Picha:Dizasta_Vina.png|alt=|thumb|350x350px|Dizasta Vina akiwa katika studio za '''Panorama Authentik''' jijini Dar es Salaam, Tanzania— mnamo tarehe 17 Februari, 2018.]] Miaka ya karibuni, Dizasta amekuwa akitayarisha muziki wake mwenyewe, hii ni baada ya kuamua kukaa chini na kuanza kusoma jinsi ya kutayarisha muziki na kufanya uhandisi wa sauti. Baadhi ya nyimbo zake mashuhuri alizotayarisha mwenyewe ni pamoja na "Fallen Angel" iliyotoka tarehe 23 Julai 2016, "Kanisa" iliyotoka 13 Novemba 2016 na "The Lost One" iliyotoka Aprili 2017. Uwezo wake mkubwa kama mtayarishaji ulianza kuonekana kupitia mfululizo wa nyimbo zake kama vile "Hatia", "Nobody is Safe", "Hatia II", na "Hatia III" na "Kikaoni", kibao kilicho jizolea umaarufu mkubwa kwa wapenzi wa utamaduni wa handakini kutokana na kugusa maisha ya familia na ndoa. Katika albamu ya " The Verteller" alishiriki kutayarisha wimbo wa "Tatoo Ya Asili", "A Confession of a Mad Teacher","A Confession of a Mad Son", "Ndoano", "Maabara" na "Kifo. Anakubali kuwa amepata utaalamu na mbinu nyingi zaidi za kutayarisha muziki kutokana na kufanya kazi na watayarishaji wengine wa muziki wa Kitanzania kama Duke Touchez, Ray Teknohama na Ringle Beatz. Dizasta anaamini kuwa na taaluma ya kutayarisha muziki wake mwenyewe kuna faida kubwa kwani kunafanya afikie hisia halisi za wimbo tofauti na pale anapotafuta na kujenga mahusiano ya kimuziki na mtayarishaji mwingine. == Dizasta Vina na Tamaduni Muzik == Tamaduni ni lebo ambayo Dizasta Vina alifanya nayo kazi baada ya uwezo na uelewa wake kuhusu utamaduni wa hip hop kumvutia Duke Touchez ambaye alifanikisha Dizasta kujiunga na "Tamaduni Foundation" akiwa na wasanii kama One the Incredible, Nikki Mbishi, Boshoo na wengineo. Kupitia Tamaduni Muzik waliweza kubadilisha na kutimiza nguzo karibia zote za hip hop zinavyotaka. Maoni ya Dizasta Vina kuhusu Tamaduni Muzik ni kwamba ndio wao waliobadilisha mtazamo na mwelekeo mzima wa muziki wa hip hop ya Tanzania. Kupitia wao, tuliweza kuona kutolewa kwa albamu kwa sana hata kwa wasanii wachanga, kutoa kandamseto, kurudisha maonesho ya hip hop kukusanya wasanii “Kilingeni” huko Msasani Club. ==Diskografia== {{main|Diskografia ya Dizasta Vina}} Hii ni orodha ya albamu za muziki alizotoa Dizasta Vina. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Na. !! Jina la albamu !! Mwaka !! Maelezo |- | 1. || [[THE WONDERBOY Mixtape]] || 2017 || Kandamseto ya kwanza kutoka kwa Dizasta Vina. |- | 2. || [[ JESUSta]] || 2018|| Albamu rasmi ya kwanza kutoka kwa Dizasta Vina. |- | 3. || [[The Verteller]] || 2020 || Albamu ya pili kutoka kwa Dizasta Vina. |} == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Dizasta Vina}} *{{Twitter|dizastavina}} *{{Instagram|dizastavina}} *{{YouTube|user=dizastavina|Dizasta Vina}} {{BD|1993}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Hip Hop ya Bongo]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Hip Hop wa Tanzania]] 1hp6e2mh8x2s0xdh92mtqokpizcymtk 0 112557 1236638 1137634 2022-07-29T14:23:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Isidore of Pelusium (fresco).jpg|thumb|Isidori wa Pelusium.]] '''Isidori wa Pelusio''' (kwa [[Kigiriki]]: Ἰσίδωρος ὁ Πηλουσιώτης; alifariki [[450]] hivi) alikuwa [[mmonaki]] [[padri]] wa [[Misri]]. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] na [[Wakatoliki]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[4 Februari]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Maisha== [[Mtoto]] pekee wa [[familia]] maarufu wa [[Aleksandria]]<ref name="oca">{{Cite web|url=http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/02/04/100422-venerable-isidore-of-pelusium|title=Venerable Isidore of Pelusium|website=oca.org|language=en|access-date=2018-03-17}}</ref>, akiwa ameshajipatia [[ujuzi]] mwingi, alitawa kwenye [[mlima]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Pelusium]], kwa kufuata nyayo za [[Yohane Mbatizaji]] na [[Mababu wa jangwani]]. Pia alijitosa kuhubiri kwa mfano wa [[Yohane Krisostomo]] akamtetea dhidi ya [[dhuluma]] kutoka kwa patriarki [[Theofilo wa Aleksandria]], [[ndugu]] yake, na kwa [[malkia]] [[Eudosia]]. ==Maandishi== Anajulikana kwa [[barua]] 2,000 hivi alizowaandikia [[patriarki]] [[Sirili wa Aleksandria]], [[kaisari]] [[Theodosius II]] na wengineo wengi.<ref name=evieux>Pierre Evieux, ''Isidore de Peluse'', 1995. A study of the man and his works, in French.</ref> Baadhi yake ni muhimu kwa [[ufafanuzi]] wa [[Biblia]].<ref>C.H.Turner, ''The letters of Isidore of Pelusium'', Journal of Theological Studies 6 (1905)</ref> ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== <References/> ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/cce/id/1054 Coptic Encyclopedia entry for Isidorus of Pelusium] *[http://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/?tag=isidore-of-pelusium A few letters in English translation] *[https://independent.academia.edu/EIRINIARTEMINationalandCapodistrianUniversityofAthens/Papers/1216369/Isidore_of_Pelusium_and_the_holy_scriptures Isidore of Pelusium and the holy scriptures (in Greek) by EIRINI ARTEMI] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliofariki 450]] [[Category:Wamonaki]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Category:Waandishi wa Misri]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Misri]] hfz7kooy5lys8t0r8zbbsqmku5zx47h 0 117569 1236636 1137631 2022-07-29T14:19:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fileas''' (alifariki [[Aleksandria]], [[311]] hivi) alikuwa [[askofu]] wa [[Thmuis]], [[Misri]], ambaye, akikataa mashauri ya [[ndugu]] zake, [[mfiadini|alifia dini]] yake kwa kukatwa [[kichwa]] pamoja na wenzake 650 hivi wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaizari|makaisari]] [[Diokletian]] na [[Galerius]]<ref>https://catholicsaints.info/saint-phileas-of-alexandria</ref>. Kati ya majina yao kuna [[akida]] [[Filoromus]], maaskofu Pakomi, Theodori na Petro, halafu Fausto, Didius, Amoni, Hesiki na Viktorina<ref>http://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-alexandria-26-november/</ref>. Masimulizi ya [[kifodini]] chao yaliandikwa kwa [[Kigiriki]] miaka 15 baadaye na sehemu fulani imetufikia. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[4 Februari]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref> au [[26 Novemba]]. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 311]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Misri]] ieemw1k0wg2qtiuwi78y9397m68ykke 0 117570 1236637 1137633 2022-07-29T14:22:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Filoromus''' (alifariki [[Aleksandria]], [[311]] hivi) alikuwa [[akida]] [[Mkristo]] wa [[Misri]], ambaye, akikataa mashauri ya [[ndugu]] zake, [[mfiadini|alifia dini]] yake kwa kukatwa [[kichwa]] pamoja na [[askofu]] [[Fileas]] na wenzake 650 hivi wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaizari|makaisari]] [[Diokletian]] na [[Galerius]]<ref>https://catholicsaints.info/saint-filoromus-of-alexandria</ref>. Kati ya majina yao kuna maaskofu Pakomi, Theodori na Petro, halafu Fausto, Didius, Amoni, Hesiki na Viktorina<ref>http://catholicsaints.info/martyrs-of-alexandria-26-november/</ref>. Masimulizi ya [[kifodini]] chao yaliandikwa kwa [[Kigiriki]] miaka 15 baadaye na sehemu fulani imetufikia. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[4 Februari]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref> au [[26 Novemba]]. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 311]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Misri]] 0wxu2vez8jphs8sar75mictbuc3n3yf 0 121175 1236824 1233912 2022-07-30T11:07:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 10 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.9 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:COVID-19-outbreak-timeline.gif|alt=|thumb|450px|Mlipuko wa Virusi vya Korona duniani.]] [[File:Stop the Spread of Germs updated (Swahili).pdf|thumb|Ukomeshaji uenezi wa viini.]] '''Mlipuko wa Virusi vya Korona''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Coronavirus'') ulibainika rasmi [[tarehe]] za katikati za mwezi Desemba [[mwaka]] [[2019]] katika [[mji]] wa [[Wuhan]] huko China ya kati. Ulikuwa kikundi cha watu wenye [[nimonia]] bila chanzo kinachoeleweka. Ulibanika baadaye kama aina mpya ya [[Virusi vya corona|virusi vya korona]].<ref name="Hui14Jan2020">{{Cite journal|last=Hui|first=David S.|last2=Azhar|first2=Esam EI|last3=Madani|first3=Tariq A.|last4=Ntoumi|first4=Francine|last5=Kock|first5=Richard|last6=Dar|first6=Osman|last7=Ippolito|first7=Giuseppe|last8=Mchugh|first8=Timothy D.|last9=Memish|first9=Ziad A.|last10=Drosten|first10=Christian|last11=Zumla|first11=Alimuddin|date=14 January 2020|title=The continuing epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health – the latest novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China|url=https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(20)30011-4/pdf |journal=International Journal of Infectious Diseases|language=English|volume=91|issue=|pages=264–266|doi=10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009|issn=1201-9712|via=}}</ref><ref name="promedmail">{{cite web|title=Undiagnosed pneumonia - China (HU) (01): wildlife sales, market closed, RFI Archive Number: 20200102.6866757|url=https://promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=6866757|website=Pro-MED-mail|publisher=International Society for Infectious Diseases|accessdate=13 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122124653/https://promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=6866757|archive-date=22 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cohen17Jan2020">{{Cite journal|last=Cohen|first=Jon|last2=Normile|first2=Dennis|date=17 January 2020|title=New SARS-like virus in China triggers alarm|url=https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6475/234|journal=Science|language=en|volume=367|issue=6475|pages=234–235|doi=10.1126/science.367.6475.234|issn=0036-8075|pmid=31949058|via=|url-access=subscription|access-date=17 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117100226/https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6475/234|archive-date=17 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Parry20Jan2020">{{Cite journal|last=Parry|first=Jane|date=20 January 2020|title=China coronavirus: cases surge as official admits human to human transmission|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m236|journal=British Medical Journal|volume=368|pages=|doi=10.1136/bmj.m236|issn=1756-1833|via=|url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[Tarehe]] [[20 Januari]] [[2020]] [[Waziri Mkuu]] wa [[Uchina]] [[Li Keqiang]] alitoa wito wa kutia [[juhudi]] katika kukomesha na kudhibiti [[janga]] la nimonia lililosababishwa na virusi vya korona.<ref name="Premier urged">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202001/21/WS5e26556ca31012821727269c.html|title=Chinese premier stresses curbing viral pneumonia epidemic|location=[[Beijing]]|website=[[China Daily]]|publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]]|date=21 January 2020|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122124640/https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202001/21/WS5e26556ca31012821727269c.html|archive-date=22 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kufikia tarehe 23 Machi, 2020, kesi 337,000 zimethibitishwa,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hali ilivyo kuhusu Corona duniani {{!}} DW {{!}} 23.03.2020|url=https://www.dw.com/sw/hali-ilivyo-kuhusu-corona-duniani/a-52885838|work=DW.COM|accessdate=2020-03-23|language=sw-TZ|author=Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com)}}</ref> Kufikia tarehe 5 Februari 2020, vifo 493 vilitokana na virusi hivyo tangu kifo cha kwanza kilichothibitishwa Januari 9, na watu 990 waliopona. <ref name="QinNYT11Jan20202">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/10/world/asia/china-virus-wuhan-death.html |title=China Reports First Death From New Virus |last=Qin |first=Amy |date=10 January 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=11 January 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111020017/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/10/world/asia/china-virus-wuhan-death.html |archive-date=11 January 2020 |last2=Hernández |first2=Javier C. |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Kifo cha kwanza nje ya Uchina kiliripotiwa tarehe 1 Februari nchini [[Ufilipino]], kilikuwa ni kifo cha mwanamume wa Kichina mwenye [[umri]] wa miaka 44. Kumekuwa na majaribio ambayo yameonyesha kesi zaidi ya 6000 zilizothibitishwa nchini Uchina, ambazo baadhi zao ni za [[wafanyakazi]] wa [[huduma ya afya]].<ref name="Field22Jan2020">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/nine-dead-as-chinese-coronavirus-spreads-despite-efforts-to-contain-it/2020/01/22/1eaade72-3c6d-11ea-afe2-090eb37b60b1_story.html|title=Nine dead as Chinese coronavirus spreads, despite efforts to contain it|last=Field|first=Field|date=22 January 2020|work=The Washington Post|access-date=22 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Katikati ya Februari 2020 maswali mengi kuhusu virusi hivi vilibaki bila jibu, lakini [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] lilitoa tathmini kuwa<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2020/02/17/health/novel-coronavirus-surfaces-study/index.html Here's how long coronaviruses may linger on contaminated surfaces, according to science], tovuti ya CNN, tar 18-02-2020</ref> * zaidi ya asilimia 80 za wagonjwa huonekana kuwa na ugonjwa mwepesi, wanapona * kati ya asilimia za wagonjwa kuna maambukizi mazito yanayosababisha matatizo ya kupumua, hata [[nimonia]], na asilimia 15 kudai walazwe hospitalini * takriban asilimia 5 huwa na magonjwa hatari * mnamo asilimia 2 hufa; hatari ya kifo inapatikana hasa kwa wazee, kuna mfano michache ya watoto. Baadaye imeonekana kwamba [[kiwango cha vifo]] si kubwa vile, labda kati ya % 0.5 hadi 1 lakini si rahisi kutaja kiwango kwa uhakika kwa sababu wengi walioambukizwa hawajulikani. * utafiti wa ziada bado unahitajika * kuna dalili kwamba virusi vya [[Covid-19]] vinaweza kudumu hadi siku 8 kwenye uso wa kitu kilichoguswa na mgonjwa na bado kusababisha maambukizi Kufikia tarehe 11 Julai 2020, zaidi ya watu milioni 12.5 walithibitishwa kupatwa na COVID‑19 katika nchi na maeneo 188 duniani kote. Kati yao waliofariki ni zaidi ya 560,000 na waliopona ni zaidi ya milioni 6.89. Kufikia tarehe 15 Aprili [[2022]], WHO ilitangaza kuwa walitohibitishwa kuambukizwa ni 500.186.525, na kati yao 6.190.349 wamefariki, Marekani ikiwa nchi iliyoathiriwa zaidi (79.71 milioni walioambukizwa na 979.321 waliofariki, karibu 16% ya jumla ya dunia nzima), ikifuatwa na India (zaidi ya maambukizi milioni 43, na vifo 521.737) na Brazil (zaidi ya maambukizi milioni 30, na vifo 661.493). == Historia == Kuna nadharia kadhaa kuhusu kesi ya kwanza ilitoka lini. Kwa mujibu ya ripoti ya serikali ya Uchina isiyochapishwa, kesi ya kwanza inaweza kufuatiliwa mnamo 17 Novemba 2019; mtu huyo alikuwa raia wa jimbo la Hubei wenye miaka 55. Kulikuwa na wanaume wanne na wanawake watano walioripotiwa kuambukizwa mwezi Novemba, lakini wao wote si kesi ya kwanza. Kuanzia mwezi Desemba, idadi ya kesi huko Hubei iliongezeka pole pole, kufikia 60 mnamo 20 Desemba na angalau 266 mnamo 31 Desemba. Kwa mujibu ya vyanzo rasmi vya Kichina, nyingi za kesi hazikuunganishwa na soko la samaki, lililouza wanyama hai. Mwezi Mei 2020, George Gao, Mkurugenzi wa kituo cha Kichina kwa ajili ya kudhibiti na kuzuia magonjwa (CDC), alisema sampuli za wanyama zilizokusanyika sokoni humo zilipima hasi kwa virusi hivyo, kuonyesha kwamba ingawa soko lilikuwa chanzo cha kesi nyingi, halikuwa chanzo cha mlipuko wa kwanza. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Who is 'patient zero' in the coronavirus outbreak?|url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200221-coronavirus-the-harmful-hunt-for-covid-19s-patient-zero|work=www.bbc.com|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Fernando Duarte}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=China’s first confirmed Covid-19 case traced back to November 17|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3074991/coronavirus-chinas-first-confirmed-covid-19-case-traced-back|work=South China Morning Post|date=2020-03-13|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|last=Areddy|first=James T.|title=China Rules Out Animal Market and Lab as Coronavirus Origin|date=2020-05-26|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-rules-out-animal-market-and-lab-as-coronavirus-origin-11590517508|work=Wall Street Journal|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Mnamo 24 Desemba, hospitali kuu ya Wuhan ilitumia maabara ya Vision sampuli. Tarehe 27 na 28 Desemba, Vision ilitoa taarifa hospitali hiyo na CDC ya kichina, ikionyesha virusi vipya. Kundi la nimonia yenye sababu isiyojulikana liliangaliwa tarehe 26 Desemba na kutibiwa na daktari Zhang Jixian katika hospitali Hubei Provincial, na aliambia Wuhan CDC tarehe 27 Desemba juu ya kundi hilo. Tarehe 30 Desemba, ripoti ya kupima iliyotumia hospitali ya Wuhan kutoka maabara CapitalBio Medlab iliripoti matokeo ya chanya kwa SARS, lakini hayo hayakuwa sahihi, iligunduliwa baadaye.<ref>{{Cite web|title=404_财新网|url=https://other.caixin.com/404/|work=other.caixin.com|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=24h精彩新闻_新闻中心_中华网|url=https://news.china.com/paihang/?404|work=news.china.com|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref> Ripoti hiyo ilisababisha kundi la madaktari katika hospitali ya Wuhan Central kutoa tahadhari kwa wenzao na mamlaka ya hospitali juu ya matokeo. Jioni hiyo, Tume ya afya ya Wuhan ilitoa taarifa taasisi mbalimbali za afya juu ya "matibabu ya nimonia yenye sababu isiyojulikana". Manane wa madaktari hao, wakiwemo Li Wenliang, baadaye walionywa na polisi kwa kueneza “uvumi wa uongo,” na mwengine, Ai Fen, alikemewa na wakuu wake kwa kupiga king’ora .Serikali ya Uchina iliwaadhibu Ai Fen, Li Wengliang, na madaktari wengine ambao walijaribu kuonya umma mwezi Desemba kuhusu virusi hivyo. Li Wengliang alikufa kutokana na COVID-19 tarehe 7 Februari. Hospitali zote nchini ziliweka chini ya utawala wa chama cha kikomunist mwaka 2018 <ref>{{Citation|last=Yu|first=Verna|title='Hero who told the truth': Chinese rage over coronavirus death of whistleblower doctor|date=2020-02-07|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/feb/07/coronavirus-chinese-rage-death-whistleblower-doctor-li-wenliang|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|last=Kuo|first=Lily|title=Coronavirus: Wuhan doctor speaks out against authorities|date=2020-03-11|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/11/coronavirus-wuhan-doctor-ai-fen-speaks-out-against-authorities|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Tume ya afya ya Wuhan ilitangaza habari za ugonjwa wa mapafu wenye sababu isiyojulikana tarehe 31 Desemba, na kuthibitisha kesi 27 — kutosha ili kuanzisha uchunguzi. <ref>{{Citation|title=Mystery pneumonia virus probed in China|date=2020-01-03|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-50984025|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Wakati wa awamu za mapema za mlipuko, idadi ya kesi iliongezeka mara mbili kila siku saba na nusu. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Li|first=Qun|last2=Guan|first2=Xuhua|last3=Wu|first3=Peng|last4=Wang|first4=Xiaoye|last5=Zhou|first5=Lei|last6=Tong|first6=Yeqing|last7=Ren|first7=Ruiqi|last8=Leung|first8=Kathy S.M.|last9=Lau|first9=Eric H.Y.|date=2020-03-26|title=Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121484/|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=382|issue=13|pages=1199–1207|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2001316|issn=0028-4793|pmc=7121484|pmid=31995857}}</ref>Mnamo mwanzo na katikati ya Januari 2020, virusi vilienea hadi mikoa mingine ya Kichina, kusaidiwa na uhamiaji kuhusu siku kuu ya mwaka mpya ya kichina kwa sababu Wuhan ni kitovu kikubwa cha usafiri. <ref>{{Citation|title=COVID-19 pandemic|date=2020-09-11|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&oldid=977891670|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref>Tarehe 20 Januari, Uchina iliripoti kesi mpya karibu na 140 kwa siku moja, zikiwemo watu wawili mjini Beijing na mmoja huko Shenzhen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=China confirms sharp rise in cases of SARS-like virus across the country|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200120-china-confirms-sharp-rise-in-cases-of-sars-like-virus-across-the-country|work=France 24|date=2020-01-20|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Baadaye takwimu rasmi zilionyesha watu 6,174 tayari wameshakuwa na dalili, na watu zaidi huenda waliambukizwa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Team|first=The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology|date=2020-02-01|title=The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) — China, 2020|url=http://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2020.032|journal=China CDC Weekly|language=en|volume=2|issue=8|pages=113–122|doi=10.46234/ccdcw2020.032|issn=2096-7071}}</ref> Ripoti ya Lancet tarehe 24 Januari iliashiria maambukizo miongoni mwa binadamu, ilipendekeza sana vifaa vya kinga binafsi kwa wafanyakazi wa afya, na kusema kupima kwa virusi kulikuwa muhimu kutokana na "uwezekano wa janga".<ref>https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2820%2930183-5</ref> Tarehe 30 Januari, shirika la WHO lilitangaza Coronavirus vilikuwa dharura ya afya ya kimataifa. <ref>{{Citation|title=Flattery and foot dragging: China’s influence over the WHO under scrutiny|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-flattery-and-foot-dragging-chinas-influence-over-the-who-under/|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Tarehe 31 Januari 2020, Italia ilikuwa na kesi zake za kwanza zilizothibitishwa, watalii wawili waliotoka Uchina. Kuanzia tarehe 13 Machi 2020, shirika la WHO lilizingatia Ulaya kama katikati ya janga.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO says Europe is new epicenter of coronavirus pandemic|url=https://nypost.com/2020/03/13/who-says-europe-is-new-epicenter-of-coronavirus-pandemic/|work=New York Post|date=2020-03-13|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US|author=Bob Fredericks}}</ref> Tarehe 19 Machi 2020, Italia ilipitisha Uchina kama nchi yenye vifo vingi zaidi. Tarehe 26 Machi, Marekani ilipitisha Uchina na Italia kama nchi yenye idadi kubwa zaidi ya kesi zilizothibitishwa duniani.<ref>{{Citation|last=Jr|first=Donald G. McNeil|title=The U.S. Now Leads the World in Confirmed Coronavirus Cases|date=2020-03-26|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/health/usa-coronavirus-cases.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Utafiti unaonyesha kesi nyingi zaidi mjini [[Janga la Covid-19 Jiji la New York|New York]] zilitoka wasafiri wanaotoka Ulaya, badala ya kutoka Uchina au nchi nyingine za Asia.<ref>{{Citation|title=Studies Show N.Y. Outbreak Originated in Europe|date=2020-04-08|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/08/us/coronavirus-live-updates.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Upimaji upya wa sampuli zilizokusanyika mapema uligundua mtu mmoja nchini Ufaransa ambaye alikuwa na virusi tarehe 27 Desemba 2019 na mtu mmoja huko Marekani ambaye alikufa kutokana na COVID-19 tarehe 6 Februari 2020. <ref>{{Citation|last=Staff|first=Reuters|title=After retesting samples, French hospital discovers COVID-19 case from December|date=2020-05-04|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-france-idUSKBN22G20L|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=2 died with coronavirus weeks before 1st U.S. virus death|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/2-died-with-coronavirus-weeks-before-1st-u-s-virus-death|work=PBS NewsHour|date=2020-04-22|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-us}}</ref> Zaidi ya nchi 120 zimeunga mkono uchunguzi wa asili ya mlipuko wa COVID-19. Mwanzoni Uchina ilipambana na juhudi zao na ilitisha kulipiza kisasi cha kiuchumi kwa nchi zilizotoa mwito huu. Lakini mnamo Mei Uchina hatimaye ilikubali kushirikiana na uchunguzi huo. <ref name=":1">"The Great Wall of Silence," ''The Australian'', 8 May 2020.</ref> Mnamo 11 Septemba 2020, zaidi ya kesi milioni 28.2 zimeripotiwa kote duniani; zaidi ya watu 910,000 wamekufa na zaidi ya watu milioni 19 wamepona.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ArcGIS Dashboards|url=https://www.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6|work=www.arcgis.com|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref> ==Uenezi wa Covid-19 nje ya China== [[Picha:COVID-19 Outbreak World Map.svg|350px|thumb|Uenezi wa virusi vya SARS-Covid-19 duniani (ramani inasahihishwa kila siku)</br>Idadi ya watu waliothibitishwa kuwa na maambukizi</br> {{legend|#510000| zaidi ya 10,000}} {{legend|#900000| 1,000–9,999}} {{legend|#c80200| 100–999}} {{legend|#ee7070| 10–99}} {{legend|#ffC0C0| 1–9}} <small>(Tarehe 16 Machi mtu wa kwanza alipatikana nchini Tanzania)</small>]] [[Picha:COVID-19-outbreak-timeline.gif|alt=|thumb|350px|Mlipuko wa Virusi vya Corona duniani hadi 2 Machi 2020.]] Hadi mwisho wa Januari 2020 takriban watu 10,000 waliambukizwa, idadi ya vifo ilikuwa mnamo 200. Virusi vilienea hadi nchi nyingine kwa njia ya [[abiria]] wa [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]] za kimataifa. Wakazi wa Wuhan na miji mingine ya China yenye wagonjwa wamekataliwa kuondoka kwao baada ya hali ya [[karantini]] kutangazwa.<ref>[https://www.pulselive.co.ke/bi/politics/5-million-people-left-wuhan-before-china-quarantined-the-city-to-contain-the/l5hye6y 5 million people left Wuhan before China quarantined the city to contain the coronavirus outbreak], taarifa ya gazeti Business Insider USA, kupitia www.pulselive.co.ke, tarehe 27-01-2020</ref>. [[Maambukizi]] ya kwanza ya ndani ya virusi hivi nje ya Uchina yalitokea [[Vietnam]] kati ya [[wanafamilia]],<ref name=scmp3048017>{{Cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/economics/article/3048017/china-coronavirus-vietnam-flags-likely-human-transmission-case |title=China coronavirus: 'family cluster' in Vietnam fuels concerns over human transmission |date=29 January 2020 |website=South China Morning Post |access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref> wakati maambukizi ya kwanza ya ndani ambayo hayakuhusisha [[familia]] yalitokea [[Ujerumani]], tarehe 22 Januari, wakati [[mwanamume]] mmoja wa Kijerumani alipata ugonjwa huo kutoka kwa mgeni wa [[China]] kwenye kikao cha [[biashara]].<ref name=dw52169007>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-confirms-human-transmission-of-coronavirus/a-52169007 |title=Germany confirms human transmission of coronavirus |date=28 January 2020 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128220039/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-confirms-human-transmission-of-coronavirus/a-52169007 |archive-date=28 January 2020 |access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref> Kesi nyingine zilizothibitishwa mapema ziliripotiwa huko [[Thailand]], [[Korea Kusini]], [[Japani]], [[Taiwani]], [[Makau]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Marekani]] ([[Everett]], [[Washington]] na [[Chicago]]),<ref name=Field22Jan2020/> [[Singapore]], <ref name="ST23Jan">{{cite web |last1=Goh |first1=Timothy |last2=Toh |first2=Ting Wei |title=Singapore confirms first case of Wuhan virus; second case likely |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/singapore-confirms-first-case-of-wuhan-virus |website=The Straits Times |accessdate=23 January 2020 |date=23 January 2020}}</ref> Vietnam, [[Ufaransa]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/coronavirus-france-china-wuhan-virus-symptoms-outbreak-latest-a9301106.html|title=France confirms two cases of deadly coronavirus|date=2020-01-24|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref>, [[Italia]] na [[Nepali]]. Katika Februari 2019 virusi viliendelea kuenea nje ya China, kupitia watu waliosafiri baina ya China na nchi nyingine. Tabia ya virusi kutosababisha ugonjwa mkali kwa wengi ilikuwa msingi kwa uenezaji usiotambuliwa mwanzoni hadi kufikia watu waliogonjeka vibaya. Milipuko ya kwanza ilionekana katika [[Iran]]<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/23/turkey-and-pakistan-close-borders-with-iran-over-coronavirus-deaths Turkey and Pakistan close borders with Iran ove Coronavirus deaths], gazeti la Guardian (UK) ya 23 Feb 2020</ref>, [[Korea Kusini]]<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/25/coronavirus-south-korea-to-test-200000-sect-members-as-pandemic-fears-hit-markets Coronavirus: South Korea to test 200,000 sect members as pandemic fears hit markets], gazeti la Guardian (UK) ya 25 Feb 2020 </ref> na [[Italia]]<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-51625733 Coronavirus: Britons returning from northern Italy told to self-isolate],BBC ya 25 Feb 2020 </ref> ambako serikali zilitangaza hali ya karantini kwa maeneo kadhaa. Kufikia mwisho wa mwezi huo, wagonjwa wa nchi nyingine kwa pamoja walikuwa wamezidi wale wa China. Katika Machi 2020 idadi ya maambukizi mapya ilipungua nchini China na Korea Kusini lakini iliongezeka Ulaya na kuanza kusambaa [[Marekani]]. Katika Ulaya Italia ilikuwa nchi iliyoathiriwa vibaya zaidi; serikali ilifunga shule zote pamoja na maduka yasiyo ya chakulas na dawa na kupiga marufuku mikusanyiko yote, ikiwemo ile ya ibada. Hatua kama hizo zilichukuliwa pia katika nchi nyingine. Katika [[Asia ya Magharibi]] nchi iliyoathiriwa vibaya zaidi ni Iran. Kwa jumla si rahisi kupata picha kamili ya uenezi halisi wa virusi hivi. Ilhali dalili za ugonjwa zinafanana na mafua ya kawaida na kifua kikuu, inawezekana mara nyingi maambukizi hayakutambuliwa. Kwa sababu hiyo makadirio ya asilimia ya watu wanaokufa yanatofautiana kati ya nchi na nchi. Tarehe 11 Machi 2020 Shirika la Afya Duniani ilitamka uenezi wa virusi umefikia ngazi ya [[pandemia]], yaani [[epidemia]] (mlipuko) katika nchi nyingi za dunia<ref>[https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen WHO characterizes COVID-19 as a pandemic], tovuti ya WHO, iliangaliwa 12 Machi 2020</ref>. Katikati ya mwezi Machi 2020 idadi ya wagonjwa iliongezeka sana katika nchi za Ulaya. Marekani ilizuia wasafiri kutoka Ulaya kuingia. Nchi mbalimbali, pamoja na Ujerumani, zilianza kufunga shule na kukataza mikutano yote yaliyolenga zaidi ya watu 100-500, kwa hiyo kufunga mechi za mpira wa miguu au michezo mingine, pamoja na hoteli na sinema. Kampuni mbalimbali ziliamuru wafanyakazi kukaa nyumbani na kutekeleza shughuli kupitia kompyuta pekee. Tarehe 14 Machi Denmark na Poland zilifunga mipaka kwa wote wasio raia wao, kwa kuamuru raia waliorudi wapaswe kukaa karantini wiki 2. Kwa jumla serikali zilitangaza kwamba asilimia kubwa ya wananchi wataambukizwa zikiona changamoto kuchelewesha mchakato wa maambukizi ili wale wataokuwa wagonjwa sana wasijitokeze mara moja lakini polepole ili waweze kuhudumiwa hospitalini. Kufikia tarehe 19 Machi nchi 170 zilikuwa na mgonjwa walau mmoja. Tarehe 21 Machi Italia ilikuwa imezidi China kwa wingi wa vifo, kwa kuwa siku hiyo walifariki huko watu 793, kuliko siku yoyote ya China. Kufikia tarehe 23 Machi jumla ya waliothibitishwa kupatwa na virusi ilifikia 339,645 na vifo 14,717 kati nchi zaidi ya 40. Takwimu za tarehe 27 Machi zinaonyesha waliopatwa kwa hakika ni walau 536,000 na kati yao walau 24,100 wamekufa kwa ugonjwa huo. Idadi kubwa ya walioambukizwa nchi kwa nchi imekuwa ile ya [[Marekani]]. Kufikia tarehe 13 Aprili walioambukizwa walifikia 1,850,000 na waliofariki dunia 114,000. Kufikia tarehe 2 Juni walioambukizwa walifikia 6,325,303 na waliofariki dunia 377,469. Hadi tarehe 11 Juni walioambukizwa walifikia kuwa zaidi ya 7,360,000 na waliofariki dunia 416,000. ===Afrika=== Mwanzoni mwa Machi 2020 hakukuwa na taarifa ya maambukizi mengi ndani ya Afrika. Wataalamu walijadiliana kama hilo ni jambo linalotokana na kukosa vifaa vya kupima na kutambua ugonjwa, au kama kuna sababu ya ugonjwa kutoenea katika Afrika. Wagonjwa wengi waliotambuliwa [[kusini kwa Sahara]] ni wasafiri waliofika kutoka nchi za nje. Hadi 12 Machi wagonjwa walithibitishwa hasa katika [[Afrika Kaskazini]]: [[Misri]] wagonjwa 67 (1 alifariki), [[Algeria]] 20 (0), [[Moroko]] 6 (1) na [[Tunisia]] 7 (0). Upande wa kusini wa Sahara taarifa zilipatikana hasa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] walipotambulia wagonjwa 17 (0), wengi wao watu waliorudi kutoka safari za Italia. [[Togo]] ilikuwa na mgonjwa 1 (0) aliyethibitishwa, [[Senegal]] 4 (0), [[Nigeria]] 2 (0), [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] 1 (0), [[Kamerun]] 2 (0), [[Burkina Faso]] 2 (0)<ref>[https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries Confirmed Cases and Deaths by Country, Territory, or Conveyance], tovuti ya worldometers.com ya tar. 12.042020</ref> Tarehe 15 Machi jioni mtu wa kwanza alithibitishwa Tanzania ameambukizwa; msafiri aliyeleta [[virusi]] vya [[ugonjwa]] [[Virusi vya Corona|huo]] ni mwananchi aliyefika [[Arusha]] kutoka [[Ubelgiji]] na ambaye baadaye alipona. Hadi tarehe 30 idadi rasmi ilifikia waambukizwa 19.<ref>[https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/news/1840340-5496816-agy428/index.html Coronavirus cases in Tanzania rises to Six]</ref> Wengi waliambukizwa nje ya nchi wakagundulika baada ya kufika Tanzania. Tarehe [[31 Machi]] 2020 Mtanzania wa kwanza alifariki huko [[Dar es Salaam]]. Waliobaki na virusi ni watu 17 kwa mujibu wa Waziri wa Afya<ref>https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/habari/kitaifa/Ndugu-wa-Mtanzania-aliyekufa-kwa-corona-azungumza/1597296-5509666-cpgxwl/index.html</ref>. Kenya kulikuwa na maambukizi 31 na kifo cha kwanza. Hadi tarehe 13 Aprili katika Afrika Bara nchi pekee isiyothibitisha maambukizi ilikuwa Lesotho, mbali ya Sahara Magharibi na visiwa mbalimbali, kama Komoro. Kufikia tarehe 2 Juni walioambukizwa walifikia 152,442 na waliofariki dunia 4,344 katika nchi 54. == Majibu ya kitaifa == Jumla ya nchi na maeneo 188 yamekuwa na angalau kesi moja ya COVID-19 hadi sasa. Kutokana na janga la Ulaya, nchi nyingi katika eneo la Schengen zimezuia harakati huru na kuweka udhibiti wa mipaka. Majibu ya kitaifa yamejumuisha maagizo ya kukaa nyumbani au ufungaji. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Schengen Area Crisis: EU States Close Borders as Coronavirus Outbreak Grips Bloc|url=https://www.schengenvisainfo.com/news/schengen-area-crisis-eu-states-close-borders-as-coronavirus-outbreak-grips-bloc/|work=SchengenVisaInfo.com|date=2020-03-13|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":0" /> Hadi 26 Machi, watu 1,700,000,000 duniani kote walikuwa chini ya aina ya ufungaji, idadi ambayo iliongezeka hadi watu 3,900,000,000 mnamo wiki ya kwanza ya mwezi Aprili-zaidi ya nusu ya idadi ya watu duniani. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: Half of humanity on lockdown in 90 countries|url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/04/02/coronavirus-in-europe-spain-s-death-toll-hits-10-000-after-record-950-new-deaths-in-24-hou|work=euronews|date=2020-04-02|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Alasdair Sandford}}</ref> Kufikia mwisho wa mwezi Aprili, watu takriban 300,000,000 walikuwa chini ya maagizo hayo katika mataifa ya Ulaya, zikiwemo Italia, Uhispania, Ufaransa, na Uingereza, wakati watu wapatao 200,000,000 walikuwa chini ya ufungaji katika Amerika Kusini. Watu takriban 300,000,000, au asilimia 90 ya idadi ya watu, walikuwa chini ya aina fulani ya ufungaji katika Marekani, watu 100,000,000 huko Ufilipino, watu 59,000,000 nchini Afrika Kusini, na watu 1,300,000,000 wamekuwa chini ya ufungaji nchini India. Mnamo 21 Mei maambukizo 100,000 mapya yalitokea duniani kote, na tangu mwanzo wa janga hilo. Mnamo Augosti kumekuwa na zaidi ya kesi 26,000,000 duniani. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Infographic: What Share of the World Population Is Already on COVID-19 Lockdown?|url=https://www.statista.com/chart/21240/enforced-covid-19-lockdowns-by-people-affected-per-country/|work=Statista Infographics|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/21/coronavirus-update-us/</ref> === Asia === Tarehe 19 Mei 2020, kesi zimeripotiwa nchini kote kwa Asia isipokuwa Turkmenistan na Korea Kaskazini, ingawa pengine nchi hizi zina kesi pia. <ref>{{Citation|last=Abdurasulov|first=Abdujalil|title=Why has this country reported no virus cases?|date=2020-04-07|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-52186521|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|last=Tan|first=Yvette|title=Scepticism over N Korea's claim to be virus free|date=2020-04-03|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-52146989|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref>Licha kuwa eneo la kwanza duniani lililoathiriwa na mlipuko huo, itikio ya mapema ya baadhi ya mataifa ya Asia, hasa Korea Kusini, Taiwan, na Vietnam, imeziruhusu kufanya vizuri kuliko nchi nyingine. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Erkhembayar|first=Ryenchindorj|last2=Dickinson|first2=Emma|last3=Badarch|first3=Darmaa|last4=Narula|first4=Indermohan|last5=Warburton|first5=David|last6=Thomas|first6=Graham Neil|last7=Ochir|first7=Chimedsuren|last8=Manaseki-Holland|first8=Semira|date=2020-09-01|title=Early policy actions and emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia: experiences and challenges|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(20)30295-3/abstract|journal=The Lancet Global Health|language=English|volume=8|issue=9|pages=e1234–e1241|doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30295-3|issn=2214-109X|pmid=32711684}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus cases have dropped sharply in South Korea. What’s the secret to its success?|url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/coronavirus-cases-have-dropped-sharply-south-korea-whats-secret-its-success|work=Science {{!}} AAAS|date=2020-03-17|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Dennis NormileMar. 17, 2020, 8:00 Am}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Chan|first=Wilfred|title=The WHO Ignores Taiwan. The World Pays the Price.|date=2020-04-03|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/world/taiwan-who-coronavirus-china/|language=en-US|issn=0027-8378|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Vietnam’s response to coronavirus crisis earns praise from WHO|url=https://7news.com.au/lifestyle/health-wellbeing/vietnam-praised-for-no-coronavirus-deaths-c-973119|work=7NEWS.com.au|date=2020-04-13|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> ==== Uchina ==== Inawezekana kupata asili ya kesi ya kwanza iliyothibitishwa ya COVID19 mnamo 1 Desemba 2019 mjini Wuhan; Ripoti moja isiyothibitishwa inaonyesha kesi ya mapema ilionekana tarehe 17 Novemba.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally|url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/01/wuhan-seafood-market-may-not-be-source-novel-virus-spreading-globally|work=Science {{!}} AAAS|date=2020-01-26|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Jon CohenJan. 26, 2020, 11:25 Pm}}</ref> Daktari Zhang Jixian aliona kundi la ugonjwa wa mapafu wenye sababu isiyojulikana tarehe 26 Desemba, ambapo hospitali yake ilitoa taarifa Jianghan CDC tarehe 27 Desemba. Upimaji wa awali wa kijenetiki wa sampuli za wagonjwa tarehe 27 Desemba 2019 walionyesha uwepo wa Coronavirus kama SARS. Ilani ya umma ilitolewa na Tume ya afya ya Wuhan, tarehe 31 Desemba, kuthibitisha kesi 27 na kupendekeza kuvaa barakoa. Shirika la WHO liliambiwa siku hiyo hiyo. Kama taarifa hizi zilitokea, madaktari katika Wuhan walionywa na polisi juu ya "kueneza uvumi" kuhusu mlipuko. Tume ya afya ya Taifa ya Uchina ilisema hakukuwa na "ushahidi wazi" wa usambazaji wa binadamu ingawa madaktari mengi wamaangalia usambazaji huo ulikuwa ukifanyika. Katika mkutano siri tarehe 14 Januari, maafisa wa Uchina walisema kwa faragha kwamba maambukizo ya binadamu kwa binadamu yaliwezekana, na maandalizi ya janga yalihitajika. Katika taarifa iliyotolewa mnamo 14 – 15 Januari, Kamisheni ya afya ya Wuhan ilisema uwezekano wa maambukizo ya binadamu kwa binadamu haukuweza kupuuza. <ref>{{Cite web|title=How early signs of the coronavirus were spotted, spread and throttled in China|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/how-early-signs-of-the-coronavirus-were-spotted-spread-and-throttled-in-china|work=The Straits Times|date=2020-02-28|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=hermesauto}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=China knew the coronavirus could become a pandemic in mid-January but for 6 days claimed publicly that there was no evidence it could spread among humans|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-china-hid-pandemic-news-six-days-2020-4|work=Business Insider|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=Bill Bostock}}</ref> Tarehe 20 Januari, Tume ya afya ya Taifa ya Uchina ilithibitisha maambukizo ya binadamu kwa binadamu. <ref>{{Citation|last=Kuo|first=Lily|title=China confirms human-to-human transmission of coronavirus|date=2020-01-21|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/20/coronavirus-spreads-to-beijing-as-china-confirms-new-cases|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref>Siku hiyo hiyo, Katibu Mkuu wa chama cha kikomunisti Xi Jinping na Mkuu wa Baraza la serikali, Li Keqiang, walitoa taarifa zao za kwanza kuhusu virusi, wakisema kwamba wale walioishi maeneo hayo wajitenge, kudumisha ubali wa kijamii, na kuepuka kusafiri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How China Delayed Warnings to Public During 6 Key Days in January {{!}} RealClearPolitics|url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2020/04/15/how_china_delayed_warnings_to_public_during_6_key_days_in_january_142952.html|work=www.realclearpolitics.com|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref> Wakati wa kipindi cha kusafiri kuhusu mwaka mpya wa kichina, mamlaka za nchi ziliagiza ufungaji wa mji wa Wuhan. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bloomberg - Are you a robot?|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/tosv2.html?vid=&uuid=0c816be0-f454-11ea-bbe5-07ed345a350b&url=L25ld3MvYXJ0aWNsZXMvMjAyMC0wMS0yMi9jaGluYS1zLWx1bmFyLW5ldy15ZWFyLW5pZ2h0bWFyZS0zLWJpbGxpb24tdHJpcHMtYW5kLWEtdmlydXM=|work=www.bloomberg.com|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref>Tarehe 10 Februari serikali ya Uchina ilizindua kampeni kali sana iliyoelezwa na kiongozi mkuu na Katibu Mkuu wa chama cha kikomunisti Xi kama "vita vya watu" ili nchi hiyo idhibiti virusi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Xi stresses winning people's war against novel coronavirus - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-02/10/c_138771533.htm|work=www.xinhuanet.com|accessdate=2020-09-11|archivedate=2020-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228213901/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-02/10/c_138771533.htm}}</ref> Katika "karantini kubwa zaidi katika historia ya binadamu", tarehe 23 Januari usafiri wote kuingia na kuondoka mjini Wuhan ulisimamishwa na baadaye marufuku hizo zilipanuliwa kwa miji kumi na mitano jimboni Hubei kuathiri watu 57,000,000. <ref>{{Citation|title=COVID-19 pandemic|date=2020-09-11|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&oldid=977891670|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref>Matumizi ya gari binafsi yalipigiwa marufuku jijini. Sherehe za mwaka mpya (tarehe 25 Januari) pia zilifutwa. Mamlaka ilitangaza ujenzi wa hospitali ya muda, Huoshenshan, iliyokamilika katika siku kumi. Baadaye Hospitali ya Leishenshan<ref>{{Citation|title=COVID-19 pandemic|date=2020-09-11|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&oldid=977891670|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> ilijengwa kuwalaza wagonjwa wengine. Uchina pia iligeuka vituo vingine katika Wuhan, kama vile vituo vya maktaba na viwanja, katika hospitali za muda. <ref>{{Cite web|title=China halts flights and trains out of Wuhan as WHO extends talks|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/wuhan-virus-quarantine-city-flights-trains-china-12306684|work=CNA|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=China seeks to signal coronavirus under control|date=2020-03-10|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51813876|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Tarehe 26 Januari, serikali ilianzisha hatua zaidi za kudhibiti coronavirus, zikiwemo kutoa maazimio ya afya kwa wasafiri na kupanua sikukuu ya tamasha la spring.<ref>{{Cite web|title=China's State Council extends Spring Festival holiday|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202001/27/WS5e2e0f0ea31012821727356b.html|work=www.chinadaily.com.cn|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=李雪晴}}</ref> Vyuo vikuu na shule nchini kote pia zilifungwa. Mikoa ya Hong Kong na Macau ilianzisha hatua kadhaa, hasa kuhusu shule na vyuo vikuu.<ref>{{Citation|title=COVID-19 pandemic|date=2020-09-11|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&oldid=977891670|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=湖北这些学校推迟开学 北大等暂停参观|url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/01/24/678863.html|work=www.bjnews.com.cn|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=www.bjnews.com.cn}}</ref>Hatua za kazi za mbali ziliwekwa katika mikoa kadhaa. Vizuizi vya usafiri vilitekelezwa kuingia na kuondoka jimboni Hubei. Usafiri wa umma ulibadilishwa, na makumbusho kote nchini yalifungwa kwa muda. Udhibiti wa harakati za umma ulifanyika katika miji mingi, na inakadiriwa kuwa watu 760,000,000 (zaidi ya nusu ya watu nchini) walikabiliwa na aina fulani ya kizuizi cha kwenda nje.<ref>{{Citation|last=Zhong|first=Raymond|title=To Tame Coronavirus, Mao-Style Social Control Blankets China|date=2020-02-15|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/15/business/china-coronavirus-lockdown.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-11|last2=Mozur|first2=Paul}}</ref> Mnamo Januari na Februari 2020, wakati wa kilele cha mlipuko katika Wuhan, watu karibu na 5,000,000 walipoteza kazi zao.<ref>{{Citation|title=COVID-19 pandemic|date=2020-09-11|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&oldid=977891670|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Wengi wa wafanyakazi wahamiaji takriban 300,000,000 wamekuwa walikwama nyumbani mikoani mbalimbali au jimboni Hubei. Baada ya mlipuko huo kufikia awamu yake ya kimataifa mwezi Machi, viongozi wa Uchina walichukua hatua kali za kuzuia virusi visingie tena nchini Uchina kutoka nchi nyingine. Kwa mfano, mji wa Beijing iliweka karantini ya siku 14 kwa wasafiri wote wa kimataifa wanaoingia mjini.<ref>{{Cite web|title=China deploys measures to curb imported COVID-19 cases, rebound in indigenous cases {{!}} english.scio.gov.cn|url=http://english.scio.gov.cn/m/topnews/2020-03/24/content_75852078.htm|work=english.scio.gov.cn|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref> Wakati huo huo, chuki dhidi ya wageni, hasa waAfrika, iliibuka, na wageni walitendwa vibaya na wananchi na walilazimishwa kuondoka nyumba na hoteli. <ref>{{Citation|last=Akinwotu|first=Jason Burke Emmanuel|title=China fails to stop racism against Africans over Covid-19|date=2020-04-27|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/27/china-fails-to-stop-racism-against-africans-over-covid-19|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-11|last2=Beijing|first2=and Lily Kuo in}}</ref> Tarehe 24 Machi, Mkuu wa Baraza Li Keqiang aliripoti kwamba kuenea kwa kesi za ndani kumezuiliwa na mlipuko huo umedhibitiwa nchini Uchina. Siku hiyo hiyo vizuizi vya kusafiri vilipunguzwa huko Hubei, isipokuwa mjini Wuhan, miezi miwili baada ya ufungaji ulianza. Wizara ya mambo ya nje ya Uchina ilitangaza tarehe 26 Machi kwamba viza za kuingia au kuishi zilisimimishwa kuanzia tarehe 28 Machi na kuendelea, bila maelezo maalum kuhusu sera hii itakapomalizika. Wale wanaotaka kuingia Uchina lazima waombe viza katika ubalozi wa Uchina au konsulat. Serikali ya Uchina ilitia moyo biashara na viwanda kufunguliwa tena tarehe 30 Machi, na kutoa msaada ya kiuchumi kwa makampuni. <ref>{{Cite web|title=China deploys measures to curb imported COVID-19 cases, rebound in indigenous cases {{!}} english.scio.gov.cn|url=http://english.scio.gov.cn/m/topnews/2020-03/24/content_75852078.htm|work=english.scio.gov.cn|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Wang|first=Vivian|title=China to Ease Coronavirus Lockdown on Hubei 2 Months After Imposing It|date=2020-03-24|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/24/world/asia/china-coronavirus-lockdown-hubei.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-11|last2=Wee|first2=Sui-Lee}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=As coronavirus cases spike worldwide, China is closing itself off|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/27/asia/china-coronavirus-foreigners-intl-hnk/index.html|work=CNN|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=James Griffiths CNN}}</ref> Baraza la Taifa lilitangaza siku ya maombolezo ya kitaifa kuanza na dakika tatu za kimya tarehe 4 Aprili, ikiunganishwa na tamasha la Qingming, ingawa serikali kuu iliziomba familia kuonyesha heshima mtandaoni ili kuzuia mlipuko mwingine. Tarehe 25 Aprili wagonjwa wa mwisho waliruhusiwa kuondoka hospitalini mjini Wuhan. Mnamo 13 Mei mji wa Jilin uliwekwa kwenye ufungaji, jambo lililochochea hofu ya wimbi la pili la maambukizo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=China to stage day of mourning for the thousands lost to Covid-19|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3078271/coronavirus-china-stage-day-mourning-saturday-thousands-killed|work=South China Morning Post|date=2020-04-03|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Wachambuzi wengi wakiwemo wale wanaotoka shirika la Bill Gates wamekosoa Uchina kwa sababu majibu yake yalichelewa. Shirika la Gates limekadiria kwamba kama Uchina imetenda wiki moja mapema zaidi, idadi ya kesi ingepunguka asilimia 66; wiki mbili mapema zaidi, asilimia 86, na wiki tatu mapema zaidi—ambapo mamlaka nchini China iligundua kwamba virusi hivyo vinaweza kuenea binadamu kwa binadamu—idadi ya kesi ingepunguka asilimia 95. <ref name=":2" /> ==== Irani ==== Iran iliripoti kesi zake za kwanza zilizothibitishwa za COVID-19 tarehe 19 Februari mjini Qom, ambapo, kwa mujibu ya Wizara ya afya na elimu ya matibabu, watu wawili wamekuwa walifariki siku hiyo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus Arrives in Iran: Two People Test Positive in Qom|url=http://irangov.ir/detail/334964|work=irangov.ir|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref>Hatua za mapema zilizotangazwa na serikali zikiwemo kufutwa kwa matamasha na matukio mengine ya kitamaduni, matukio ya michezo, maombi ya Ijumaa, na kufungwa kwa vyuo vikuu, taasisi za elimu ya juu, na shule.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iranian Doctors Call For 'Long Holiday' To Contain Coronavirus, As Sixth Victim Dies|url=https://en.radiofarda.com/a/iranian-doctors-call-for-long-holiday-to-contain-coronavirus-outbreak/30449047.html|work=RFE/RL|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran Announces Closure Of Universities, Schools As Coronavirus Death Toll Rises|url=https://en.radiofarda.com/a/iran-announces-closure-of-universities-schools-to-fight-coronavirus/30449711.html|work=RFE/RL|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Iran zilitenga pesa 5,000,000,000,000 (sawa na US $120000000) kupambana na virusi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=اختصاص 530 میلیارد تومان به وزارت بهداشت برای مقابله با کرونا|url=https://www.jamaran.news/بخش-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84-182/1363201-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B5-%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7|work=پایگاه خبری جماران|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=fa}}</ref> Rais Hassan Rouhani alisema tarehe 26 Februari hakukuwa na mipango kutumia karantini katika maeneo yaliyoathiriwa na mlipuko huo, na watu tu wangejitenga.<ref>{{Citation|title=Coronavirus: Iran has no plans to quarantine cities, Rouhani says|date=2020-02-26|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-51651454|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Mipango ya kupunguza usafiri kati ya miji ilitangazwa mwezi Machi, ingawa trafiki kubwa kati ya miji kuhusu mwaka mpya wa Kiajemi iliendelea.<ref>{{Citation|last=Wintour|first=Sam Jones Patrick|title=Coronavirus cases pass 100,000 globally as Iran threatens force to restrict travel|date=2020-03-06|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/chinese-schools-reopen-as-coronavirus-cases-in-europe-continue-to-rise|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Makaburi wa Shia huko Qom yalibaki kufungua hadi tarehe 16 Machi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran was already struggling with one crisis. Now it has the worst coronavirus outbreak in the Middle East|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/26/middleeast/iran-coronavirus-intl/index.html|work=CNN|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=Ramin Mostaghim, Mostafa Salem and Tamara Qiblawi CNN}}</ref> Irani ilikuwa kituo cha usambazaji wa virusi baada ya Uchina mwezi wa Februari.<ref>{{Citation|last=Kirkpatrick|first=David D.|title=‘Recipe for a Massive Viral Outbreak’: Iran Emerges as a Worldwide Threat|date=2020-02-24|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/24/world/middleeast/coronavirus-iran.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-11|last2=Fassihi|first2=Farnaz|last3=Mashal|first3=Mujib}}</ref> Zaidi ya nchi kumi zilikuwa zimepata asili ya kesi zao huko Iran mnamo 28 Februari, ikionyesha mlipuko huo ulikuwa mkali zaidi kuliko kesi 388 zilizorepotiwa na serikali ya Irani hadi siku hiyo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How Iran Became a New Epicenter of the Coronavirus Outbreak|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/how-iran-became-a-new-epicenter-of-the-coronavirus-outbreak|work=The New Yorker|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-us|author=Robin Wright}}</ref> Bunge la Iran lilifungwa, na wajumbe 23 wa 290 walipima chanya tarehe 3 Machi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=8% of Iran's parliament has the coronavirus, and it released 54,000 prisoners as the country descends into chaos|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/8-percent-iran-parliament-has-coronavirus-it-released-54000-prisoners-2020-3|work=Business Insider|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=John Haltiwanger}}</ref> Tarehe 15 Machi, serikali ya Irani iliripoti vifo mia katika siku moja, ambayo ilikuwa kesi nyingi zaidi iliyorekodiwa nchini tangu mlipuko ulipoanza.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran reports biggest single-day jump of coronavirus deaths as president rules out quarantine|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/iran-coronavirus-deaths-jump|work=Fox News|date=2020-03-15|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US|author=Stephen Sorace}}</ref> Angalau wanasiasa na maofisa wa serikali kumi na wawili wa sasa au wa zamani walifariki kutokana na ugonjwa huo mnamo 17 Machi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus pandemic 'could kill millions' in Iran|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/coronavirus-pandemic-kill-millions-iran-200317135500255.html|work=www.aljazeera.com|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref>Kufikia 23 Machi, Iran ilikuwa na kesi 50 mpya kila saa na kifo kimoja kipya kila dakika kumi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=How serious is the coronavirus crisis in Iran?|url=https://news.yahoo.com/serious-coronavirus-crisis-iran-131530378.html|work=news.yahoo.com|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US}}</ref>Kwa mujibu ya ofisa wa WHO, inawezekana kuwa Iran ina kesi mara tano zaidi ya zile zilizoripotiwa. Pia imependekezwa kwamba vikwazo vya Marekani katika Irani viliathiri uwezo wa kifedha wa nchi kukabili mlipuko wa virusi. Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la haki za binadamu limeitisha vikwazo vya kiuchumi vipunguze kwa mataifa yanayoathiriwa zaidi na janga hilo, yakiwemo Irani.<ref>{{Citation|last=Cunningham|first=Erin|title=As coronavirus cases explode in Iran, U.S. sanctions hinder its access to drugs and medical equipment|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/as-coronavirus-cases-explode-in-iran-us-sanctions-hinder-its-access-to-drugs-and-medical-equipment/2020/03/28/0656a196-6aba-11ea-b199-3a9799c54512_story.html|work=Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Tarehe 20 Aprili iliripotiwa kwamba Irani imefunguliwa maduka makubwa na maeneo mengine ya ununuzi nchini kote, ingawa kuna hofu ya wimbi la pili la maambukizo kutokana na hatua hizi. Mwezi Machi, na tena mwezi Aprili, kulikuwa na taarifa kwamba Irani haikuripoti kesi zote zilizothibitishwa nchini.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran opens up as economic woes trump virus infection fears|url=https://news.yahoo.com/iran-opens-economic-woes-trump-080329918.html|work=news.yahoo.com|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== Korea Kusini ==== Kunenea kwa coronavirus hadi Korea Kusini kutoka Uchina kulithibitishwa tarehe 20 Januari 2020. Shirika la afya la Taifa liliripoti ongezeko kubwa la kesi zilizothibitishwa tarehe 20 Februari,<ref>{{Citation|last=Cha|first=Hyonhee Shin, Sangmi|title='Like a zombie apocalypse': Residents on edge as coronavirus cases surge in South Korea|date=2020-02-20|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-southkorea-cases-idUSKBN20E04F|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> kwa kiasi kikubwa kuhusisha mkutano wa Kanisa la Shincheonji wa Yesu mjini Daegu. <ref>{{Cite web|title=42 Shincheonji followers came to S. Korea from virus-hit Wuhan over 8 months: gov't|url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200229004000315|work=Yonhap News Agency|date=2020-02-29|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=김수연}}</ref>Wale waliotembelea Shincheonji kutoka Wuhan walituhumiwa kuwa chanzo cha mlipuko. Mnamo 22 Februari, kati ya wafuasi 9,336 wa Kanisa, watu 1,261 au asilimia 13 waliripoti dalili. Korea Kusini ilitangaza kiwango cha juu zaidi cha tahadhari tarehe 23 Februari 2020. Tarehe 28 Februari, zaidi ya kesi 2,000 zilizothibitishwa ziliripotiwa, kuongeza hadi 3,150 tarehe 29 Februari. Vituo vyote vya kijeshi vya Korea Kusini viliwekwa karantini baada ya vipimo vilagundua wanajeshi watatu wenye virusi. Ratiba za ndege pia zilibadilishwa. <ref>{{Citation|title=S Korea declares highest alert over coronavirus|date=2020-02-23|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51603251|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Airlines to suspend more flights over coronavirus|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20200221000249|work=www.koreaherald.com|date=2020-02-21|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=The Korea Herald}}</ref> Korea Kusini ilianzisha ile iliyofikiriwa kuwa programu kubwa zaidi na kupangwa bora duniani ili ipime idadi kwa virusi, kujitenga watu walioambukizwa, na kuwaweka katika karantini wale wanaowasiliana nao.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus cases have dropped sharply in South Korea. What’s the secret to its success?|url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/coronavirus-cases-have-dropped-sharply-south-korea-whats-secret-its-success|work=Science {{!}} AAAS|date=2020-03-17|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Dennis NormileMar. 17, 2020, 8:00 Am}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|last=Bicker|first=Laura|title=Is S Korea's rapid testing the key to coronavirus?|date=2020-03-12|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51836898|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref>Mbinu za uchunguzi zilijumuisha kujitoa taarifa za lazima za dalili na wasafiri wa kimataifa kutumia simu, kupima kwenye gari na matokeo yanayopatikana siku ijayo, na kuongeza uwezo wa kupima ili watu 20,000 wapimwe kila siku. Mpango wa Korea Kusini unafikiriwa kuwa mafanikio kudhibiti mlipuko bila ufungaji wa miji yote. <ref>{{Cite web|title=This is how South Korea flattened its coronavirus curve|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/how-south-korea-flattened-its-coronavirus-curve-n1167376|work=NBC News|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Mwanzoni wananchi wa Korea Kusini waligawanyika kuhusu maoni ya majibu ya Rais Moon Jae-in kukabili mgogoro huo, na watu wengi walitia saini ama kusifa serikali hiyo au kutoa wito wa kuiondoa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=How South Korea Lost Control of Its Coronavirus Outbreak|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/how-south-korea-lost-control-of-its-coronavirus-outbreak|work=The New Yorker|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-us|author=Suki Kim}}</ref>Tarehe 23 Machi, iliripotiwa kwamba Korea Kusini ilikuwa na idadi ya kesi ndogo zaidi kwa siku moja mnamo wiki nne.<ref>{{Citation|title=South Korea reports lowest number of new cases|date=2020-03-23|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-52001837|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Tarehe 29 Machi iliripotiwa kwamba kuanzia tarehe 1 Aprili wale wote waliofika kutoka nchi nyingine wangelazimishwa kukaa karatini kwa wiki mbili. <ref>{{Cite web|title=South Korea to impose mandatory coronavirus quarantine on all arrivals|url=https://news.yahoo.com/south-korea-reports-105-coronavirus-013830705.html|work=news.yahoo.com|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US}}</ref>Kwa mujibu ya ripoti za vyombo vya habari tarehe 1 Aprili, Korea Kusini imepokea maombi ya msaada ya kupima virusi kutoka nchi 121 tofauti. <ref>https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2020-04-01/over-100-countries-ask-south-korea-for-coronavirus-testing-help-official</ref>Tarehe 15 Mei iliripotiwa kwamba biashara 2000 ziliambiwa kufunga tena ambapo kundi la watu mia moja walioambukizwa liligunduliwa; uchunguzi wa mawasiliano unafanywa kwa watu 11,000. <ref>{{Citation|title=South Korea confirms second wave of coronavirus|date=2020-06-22|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53135626|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> === Ulaya === Kufikia tarehe 13 Machi 2020, idadi ya kesi mpya ilipokuwa kubwa kuliko zile huko Uchina, Shirika la (WHO) walianza kuzingatia Ulaya kama kituo hai cha janga hilo. Kesi kwa nchi kote Ulaya zimeongeza mara mbili kila siku tatu au nne, na baadhi ya nchi zilionyesha ongezeko hilo kila siku mbili. <ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO says Europe is new epicenter of coronavirus pandemic|url=https://nypost.com/2020/03/13/who-says-europe-is-new-epicenter-of-coronavirus-pandemic/|work=New York Post|date=2020-03-13|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US|author=Bob Fredericks}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roser|first=Max|last2=Ritchie|first2=Hannah|last3=Ortiz-Ospina|first3=Esteban|last4=Hasell|first4=Joe|date=2020-03-04|title=Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)|url=https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus|journal=Our World in Data}}</ref> Mnamo 17 Machi, nchi zote za Ulaya zimethibitisha kesi ya COVID-19, na Montenegro kuwa nchi ya mwisho ya Ulaya kutoa taarifa ya angalau kesi moja. Angalau kifo kimoja kimeripotiwa katika nchi zote za Ulaya, isipokuwa mjini Vatican. <ref>{{Cite web|title=https://twitter.com/megovernment/status/1239992049350447104|url=https://twitter.com/megovernment/status/1239992049350447104|work=Twitter|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Kuanzia tarehe 18 Machi, zaidi ya watu 250,000,000 walikuwepo ufungaji huko Ulaya. <ref>{{Citation|last=Henley|first=Jon|title=Italy records its deadliest day of coronavirus outbreak with 475 deaths|date=2020-03-18|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/18/coronavirus-lockdown-eu-belgium-germany-adopt-measures|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-11|last2=Oltermann|first2=Philip}}</ref> Mnamo 24 Mei, siku 68 tangu kesi yake ya kwanza iliripotiwa, Montenegro ilikuwa nchi ya kwanza bila COVID-19 katika Ulaya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=https://twitter.com/megovernment/status/1264598489318776832|url=https://twitter.com/megovernment/status/1264598489318776832|work=Twitter|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Tarehe 21 Augosti iliripotiwa kwamba idadi ya kesi za COVID-19 iliongezeka miongoni mwa vijana huko Ulaya.<ref>{{Citation|last=Beachum|first=Lateshia|title=Pence claims Biden’s handling of coronavirus would be worse than Trump’s|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/08/21/coronavirus-covid-live-updates-us/|work=Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2020-09-11|last2=Hawkins|first2=Derek|last3=Bellware|first3=Kim|last4=O'Grady|first4=Siobhán|last5=Shaban|first5=Hamza|last6=Kornfield|first6=Meryl|last7=Firozi|first7=Paulina}}</ref> ==== Italia ==== Ilithibitishwa kwamba mlipuko huo umeenea hadi Italia tarehe 31 Januari, watalii wawili wa Kichina walipopima chanya kwa SARS-CoV-2 mjini Roma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus, primi due casi in Italia: sono due turisti cinesi|url=https://www.corriere.it/cronache/20_gennaio_30/coronavirus-italia-corona-9d6dc436-4343-11ea-bdc8-faf1f56f19b7.shtml|work=Corriere della Sera|date=2020-01-30|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=it|author=Chiara Severgnini e Redazione Online}}</ref> Kesi zilianza kuongezeka kwa kasi, na serikali ya Italia ilisimamisha safari zote kwenda na kutoka nchini Uchina na kutangaza hali ya dharura.<ref name=":2">"The Great Wall of Silence," ''The Australian'', 8 May 2020.</ref> Kundi lingine liligunduliwa baadaye, kuanzia na kesi 16 zilizothibitishwa huko Lombardia tarehe 21 Februari. <ref>{{Citation|last=Amante|first=Elisa Anzolin, Angelo|title=First Italian dies of coronavirus as outbreak flares in north|date=2020-02-21|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-italy-idUSKBN20F0UI|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Tarehe 22 Februari, Baraza la mawaziri lilitangaza amri mpya ya sheria ili idhibiti mlipuko huo, ikiwemo karantini zaidi ya watu 50,000 kutoka mijini kaskazini ya Italia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus, in dieci comuni lombardi: 50 mila persone costrette a restare in casa. Quarantena all'ospedale milanese di Baggio|url=https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/02/21/news/coronavirus_codogno_castiglione_d_adda_contagiati_misure_sicurezza-249154447/|work=la Repubblica|date=2020-02-21|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=it}}</ref>Waziri Mkuu Giuseppe Conte alisema, "Katika maeneo ya mlipuko huo, kuingia na kuondoka hakutaruhusiwa. Kusimamishwa kwa shughuli za kazi na matukio ya michezo tayari kumeshaagizwa katika maeneo hayo." <ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus, decreto del governo: nei comuni focolaio stop ad ingressi ed uscite. Conte: "Non trasformeremo l'Italia in un lazzaretto"|url=https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/02/22/news/decreto_governo_contro_coronavirus-249308355/|work=la Repubblica|date=2020-02-22|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=it}}</ref> Tarehe 4 Machi, serikali ya Italia iliagiza kufungwa kikamilifu shule zote na vyuo vikuu nchini kote Italia ilipofikia vifo mia moja.<ref>{{Citation|last=Palermo|first=Angela Giuffrida Lorenzo Tondo in|title=Italy orders closure of all schools and universities due to coronavirus|date=2020-03-04|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/04/italy-orders-closure-of-schools-and-universities-due-to-coronavirus|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-11|last2=Beaumont|first2=Peter}}</ref> Matukio yote makubwa ya michezo yalifanyika bila watazamaji hadi mwezi Aprili, lakini tarehe 9 Machi yote yalisitishwa kabisa kwa angalau mwezi mmoja.<ref>{{Citation|title=All sport in Italy suspended|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/51808683|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Tarehe 11 Machi, Waziri Mkuu wa serikali, aliagiza shughuli za biashara zisimamishwe isipokuwa maduka ya chakula na dawa. <ref>{{Citation|last=Rome|first=Eric Sylvers in Milan and Giovanni Legorano in|title=Italy Hardens Nationwide Quarantine|date=2020-03-12|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/italy-hardens-nationwide-quarantine-11583962093|work=Wall Street Journal|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Tarehe 6 Machi, Chuo kikuu cha Italia cha matibabu maalum ilichapisha mapendekezo ya maadili ya matibabu kuhusu jinsi ya kuamua wagonjwa wapi wapate kipaumbele. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Italian doctors on coronavirus frontline face tough calls on whom to save|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/coronavirus-italy-doctors-tough-calls-survival/|work=POLITICO|date=2020-03-09|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=Greta Privitera}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.siaarti.it/SiteAssets/News/COVID19%20-%20documenti%20SIAARTI/SIAARTI%20-%20Covid19%20-%20Raccomandazioni%20di%20etica%20clinica.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2020-09-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312202813/http://www.siaarti.it/SiteAssets/News/COVID19%20-%20documenti%20SIAARTI/SIAARTI%20-%20Covid19%20-%20Raccomandazioni%20di%20etica%20clinica.pdf |archivedate=2020-03-12 }}</ref>Tarehe 19 Machi, Italia ilipitisha Uchina kama nchi yenye vifo zaidi kutokana na COVID-19 duniani baada ya kutoa taarifa ya vifo 3,405.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Italy coronavirus death toll overtakes China|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/coronavirus-italy-death-toll-how-many-people-cases-map-china-a9412156.html|work=The Independent|date=2020-03-19|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Tarehe 22 Machi, iliripotiwa kwamba Urusi iliitumia Italia ndege za kijeshi tisa zenye vifaa vya matibabu. <ref>{{Cite web|title='From Russia with Love': Putin sends aid to Italy to fight virus|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/from-russia-with-love-putin-sends-aid-to-italy-to-fight-virus/|work=www.euractiv.com|date=2020-03-23|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-GB|author=Casaubon says}}</ref>Mnamo 9 Mei, kulikuwa na kesi 217,185 zilizothibitishwa, vifo 30,201, na watu 99,023 waliopona nchini Italia, na nyingi za kesi hizo zilitokea mkoani Lombardia. Ripoti ya CNN ilionyesha kwamba mchanganyiko wa idadi kubwa ya wazee na ukosefu wa kupima vilichangia kiwango cha juu cha kifo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Italy's coronavirus death toll passes 10,000. Many are asking why the fatality rate is so high|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/28/europe/italy-coronavirus-cases-surpass-china-intl/index.html|work=CNN|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=Valentina Di Donato, Sheena McKenzie and Livia Borghese CNN}}</ref> Tarehe 19 Aprili, iliripotiwa kwamba nchi hiyo ilikuwa na vifo vichache zaidi vya 433 kwa wiki moja na baadhi ya biashara ziliomba vizuizi vipunguzwe baada ya wiki sita za ufungaji. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Italy sees fewest coronavirus deaths in a week|url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/493586-italy-sees-fewest-coronavirus-deaths-in-a-week|work=TheHill|date=2020-04-19|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Justine Coleman}}</ref> ==== Uhispania ==== Usambazaji wa janga hilo uilithibitishwa hadi Uhispania tarehe 31 Januari 2020, mtalii wa Kijerumani alipopima chanya kwa SARS-CoV-2 huko La Gomera, Visiwa vya Canary. <ref>{{Citation|last=Linde|first=Pablo|title=Sanidad confirma en La Gomera el primer caso de coronavirus en España|date=2020-02-01|url=https://elpais.com/sociedad/2020/01/31/actualidad/1580509404_469734.html|work=El País|language=es|issn=1134-6582|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref>Uchunguzi baada ya muda umeonyesha kwamba angalau aina 15 za virusi zilikuwa zimetambuliwa, na maambukizo ya jamii yalianza mnamo katikati ya mwezi Februari. Mnamo 13 Machi, kesi zilikuwa zimethibitishwa katika majimbo yote 50 nchini. <ref>{{Cite web|title=El análisis genético sugiere que el coronavirus ya circulaba por España a mediados de febrero|url=https://elpais.com/ciencia/2020-04-22/el-analisis-genetico-sugiere-que-el-coronavirus-ya-circulaba-por-espana-a-mediados-de-febrero.html|work=EL PAÍS|date=2020-04-22|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=es|author=Manuel Ansede}}</ref> Ufungaji uliagizwa tarehe 14 Machi 2020. Tarehe 29 Machi ilitangazwa kwamba, kuanzia siku iliyofuata, wafanyakazi wote wasio muhimu waliamriwa wabaki nyumbani kwa siku 14 zijazo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Spain poised to tighten coronavirus lockdown after record daily toll|url=https://www.msn.com/en-nz/news/world/spain-poised-to-tighten-coronavirus-lockdown-after-record-daily-toll/ar-BB11S9Gj|work=www.msn.com|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref>Mwishoni mwezi Machi, Jumuiya ya Madrid imerekodi kesi na vifo vingi zaidi nchini. Wataalamu wa matibabu na wale wanaoishi nyumbani kwa kustaafu wamekuwa walikuwa na viwango vya juu sana vya maambukizo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘Top of the curve’? Spain hopes Covid-19 peak reached as deaths pass 4,000|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/top-of-the-curve-spain-hopes-covid-19-peak-reached-as-deaths-pass-4-000-1.4213184|work=The Irish Times|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Guy Hedgecoe in Madrid}}</ref> Mnamo 25 Machi, idadi ya vifo nchini Hispania ilipitisha vifo nchini Uchina, na Italia tu ilikuwa na vifo zaidi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Britain’s Prince Charles tests positive for Covid-19|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/3076802/coronavirus-latest-italys-virus-toll-shoots-back-doctors-see-hope|work=South China Morning Post|date=2020-03-25|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref>Tarehe 2 Aprili, watu 950 walifariki kutokana na virusi katika kipindi cha masaa 24—wakati huo kulikuwa na zaidi ya vifo katika siku moja kuliko duniani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spain recorded 950 coronavirus deaths in a day, the highest single-day toll of any country|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-spain-950-deaths-one-day-most-of-any-country-2020-4|work=Business Insider|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=Ashley Collman}}</ref> Mnamo 25 Mei 2020 idadi ya vifo kwa siku iliyotangazwa na serikali ya Kihispania imekuwa chini ya 100 kwa mara ya kwanza katika miezi miwili. <ref>{{Cite web|title=White House: CDC 'let country down' on testing - COVID-19 updates|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/brazil-surpasses-spain-coronavirus-cases-live-updates-200516231547355.html|work=www.aljazeera.com|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref> Idadi halisi ya kesi ilifikiriwa kuwa juu zaidi, kwa sababu watu wengi wenye dalili sio kali au wasio na dalili pengine hawakupimwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lack of testing hampering Spain’s efforts to slow coronavirus outbreak|url=https://english.elpais.com/society/2020-03-18/lack-of-testing-hampering-spains-efforts-to-slow-coronavirus-outbreak.html|work=EL PAÍS|date=2020-03-18|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Oriol Güell, Elena Sevillano, Pablo Linde}}</ref> Tarehe 13 Mei, matokeo ya wimbi la kwanza la utafiti wa serikali ya Kihispania yalionyesha kuwa asilimia tano ya watu pengine waliambukizwa, au watu takriban 2,000,000, takwimu mara kumi ya idadi ya kesi zilizothibitishwa muda huo. Kulingana na utafiti huu uliohusisha sampuli za zaidi ya watu 63,000, Madrid na Castilla – La Mancha ilikuwa mikoa iliyoathirika zaidi duniani yenye asilimia ya zaidi ya kumi ya maambukizo. Idadi ya vifo halisi pia inaaminika kuwa juu zaidi kutokana na ukosefu wa kupima na kuripoti, labda kwa kesi 12,000 kulingana na Wizara ya Afya ya Kihispania.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estudio de seroprevalencia: sólo el 5% de los españoles tiene anticuerpos frente al coronavirus|url=https://www.elmundo.es/ciencia-y-salud/salud/2020/05/13/5ebc25ae21efa09e608b45f5.html|work=ELMUNDO|date=2020-05-13|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus.- El 5% de la población española ha superado el Covid-19|url=https://www.europapress.es/castilla-lamancha/noticia-coronavirus-poblacion-espanola-superado-covid-19-20200513192225.html|work=www.europapress.es|date=2020-05-13|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=Europa Press}}</ref> ==== Uingereza ==== Kabla ya tarehe 18 Machi 2020, serikali ya Uingereza haikuagiza aina yoyote ya kujitenga kwa kijamii au karantini kwa raia wake. Kwa sababu hiyo serikali ilipokea ukosoaji kwa majibu yake pole pole. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The U.K. is aiming for deliberate 'herd immunity'|url=https://fortune.com/2020/03/14/coronavirus-uk-cases-herd-immunity-covid-19/|work=Fortune|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Scottish health secretary criticises virus messaging|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-scotland-51897773|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Tarehe Machi 16, Waziri Mkuu Boris Johnson alitangaza kushauri dhidi ya usafiri usio muhimu na mawasiliano ya kijamii, na alipendekeza watu wafanye kazi nyumbani inapowezekana na kuepuka mahali kama vile baa, migahawa, na sinema. <ref>{{Citation|title=Coronavirus: What next in the UK coronavirus fight?|date=2020-03-23|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/explainers-51632801|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=editor|first=Sarah Boseley Health|title=New data, new policy: why UK's coronavirus strategy changed|date=2020-03-16|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/16/new-data-new-policy-why-uks-coronavirus-strategy-has-changed|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref>Tarehe 20 Machi, serikali ilitangaza kwamba vituo vyote vya burudani kama vile baa na gym vifungwe karibu iwezekanavyo, na serikali aliahidi kulipa hadi asilimia 80 ya mishahara ya wafanyakazi au hadi £2,500 kwa mwezi kuzuia ukosefu wa ajira wakati wa mgogoro. <ref>{{Cite web|title=UK PM Boris Johnson announces nationwide lockdown measures, telling cafes, pubs and restaurants to close|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/20/coronavirus-uk-pm-announces-lockdown-measures-in-london.html|work=CNBC|date=2020-03-20|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Sam Meredith}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=UK to pay wages for workers facing job losses|date=2020-03-20|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51982005|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Tarehe 23 Machi, Waziri Mkuu alitangaza hatua kali zaidi za kujitenga kwa kijamii, kupiga marufuku za mikusanyiko ya zaidi ya watu wawili na kuzuia kusafiri nje nyumbani kwa sababu sio muhimu sana. Tofauti na hatua zilizopita, polisi waliruhusiwa kutoa faini na kueneza mikusanyiko ili watekeleze vizuizi hivyo. Biashara nyingi ziliagizwa kufunga, isipokuwa biashara muhimu sana, kama vile maduka ya chakula na dawa, benki, maduka ya vifaa, vituo vya mafuta, na gereji. <ref>{{Citation|title=Strict new curbs on life in UK announced by PM|date=2020-03-24|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-52012432|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Tarehe 24 Aprili iliripotiwa kwamba majaribio ya chanjo yaliyotia chumvi yameanza nchini Uingereza; Serikali imeahidi zaidi ya paundi 50,000,000 kuunga mkono utafiti huo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Large-scale human trial of potential COVID-19 vaccine kicks off at Oxford|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronavirus-vaccine-covid-19-human-clinical-trial-oxford-england/|work=www.cbsnews.com|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US}}</ref> Ili kuhakikisha huduma za afya za Uingereza zilikuwa na uwezo wa kutosha wa kuwatiba watu wenye COVID-19, hospitali za huduma muhimu za muda zilijengwa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=More temporary hospitals announced ready for coronavirus peak|url=https://www.nursingtimes.net/news/coronavirus/more-temporary-hospitals-announced-ready-for-coronavirus-peak-30-03-2020/|work=Nursing Times|date=2020-03-30|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Rebecca Gilroy}}</ref>Hospitali ya kwanza iliyofunguliwa ilikuwa hospitali ya Nightingale mjini London yenye kitanda 4,000, iliyojengwa ndani ya kituo cha mikutano mikubwa ExCel katika siku tisa.<ref>{{Citation|last=Davies|first=Caroline|title=Prince Charles to open NHS Nightingale to treat Covid-19 patients|date=2020-04-03|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/03/prince-charles-to-open-nhs-nightingale-to-treat-covid-19-patients|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Mnamo 4 Mei, ilitangazwa kuwa hospitali hiyo ingefungwa kwa muda kwa sababu wagonjwa 51 tu walitibwa pale wakati wa wiki tatu za kwanza. <ref>{{Citation|title=Nightingale Hospital in London placed on standby|date=2020-05-04|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-52531845|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Coronavirus: London's NHS Nightingale 'treated 51 patients'|date=2020-04-27|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-52448982|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref>Mnamo 5 Mei, takwimu rasmi zilionyesha kwamba Uingereza ilikuwa na kiwango cha kifo kibaya zaidi huko Ulaya, ikianzisha wito wa uchunguzi wa jinsi serikali ilivyosimamia janga hilo. Idadi ya vifo nchini Uingereza ilikuwa karibu 29,427 kwa wale waliopima chanya kwa virusi. Baadaye, ilihesabu kama 32,313, baada ya kujumuisha takwimu rasmi kutoka Scotland na Ireland Kaskazini. Tarehe 16 Aprili iliripotiwa kwamba Uingereza ingekuwa nchi ya kwanza kupata chanjo ya Oxford, kutokana na mkataba wa awali; kama majaribio yangefanikiwa, chanjo 30,000,000 ingepatikana nchini. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus updates: Texas reports single highest daily rate increase of infections|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/coronavirus-updates-texas-reports-single-highest-daily-rate-increase-of-infections/ar-BB14cpOY?ocid=spartan-dhp-feeds|work=www.msn.com|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref> ==== Ufaransa ==== Ingawa ilifikiriwa mwanzo wa janga hilo lilifikia Ufaransa tarehe 24 Januari 2020, wakati huo kesi ya kwanza ya Ulaya ilithibitishwa mjini Bordeaux, baadaye iligunduliwa kwamba mtu karibu na Paris alipima chanya kwa virusi tarehe 27 Desemba 2019 baada ya sampuli za zamani zilipimwa tena.<ref>{{Citation|last=Staff|first=Reuters|title=After retesting samples, French hospital discovers COVID-19 case from December|date=2020-05-04|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-france-idUSKBN22G20L|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Deslandes|first=A.|last2=Berti|first2=V.|last3=Tandjaoui-Lambotte|first3=Y.|last4=Alloui|first4=Chakib|last5=Carbonnelle|first5=E.|last6=Zahar|first6=J.R.|last7=Brichler|first7=S.|last8=Cohen|first8=Yves|date=2020-6|title=SARS-CoV-2 was already spreading in France in late December 2019|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7196402/|journal=International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents|volume=55|issue=6|pages=106006|doi=10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106006|issn=0924-8579|pmc=7196402|pmid=32371096}}</ref> Tukio muhimu katika kuenea kwa ugonjwa huo nchini lilikuwa mkutano wa kila mwaka wa Kanisa la Chrisitan Open Door kati ya 17 na 24 Februari mjini Mulhouse, ambao ulihudhuriwa na watu 2,500, angalau nusu ya wale wanaaminika kuambukizwa na virusi hivyo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ENQUETE FRANCEINFO. "La majorité des personnes étaient contaminées" : de la Corse à l'outre-mer, comment le rassemblement évangélique de Mulhouse a diffusé le coronavirus dans toute la France|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/maladie/coronavirus/video-coronavirus-le-nombre-de-contaminations-lors-du-rassemblement-evangelique-de-mulhouse-a-ete-largement-sous-evalue_3889133.html|work=Franceinfo|date=2020-03-28|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=fr}}</ref> Tarehe 13 Machi, Waziri Mkuu Édouard Philippe aliagiza mahali pa umma pasio muhimu pafungwe, na tarehe 16 Machi, Rais wa Ufaransa Emmanuel Macron alitangaza watu wote wakae nyumbani, sera ambayo ilipanuliwa angalau hadi 11 Mei.<ref>{{Cite web|title=France imposes 15-day lockdown and mobilises 100,000 police to enforce coronavirus restrictions|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/coronavirus-france-lockdown-cases-update-covid-19-macron-a9405136.html|work=The Independent|date=2020-03-16|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo 23 Aprili, Ufaransa imeripoti zaidi ya kesi 120,804 zilizothibitishwa, vifo 21,856, na watu 42,088 waliopona, cheo cha nne katika idadi ya kesi zilizothibitishwa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=etalab-covid19-dashboard|url=https://dashboard.covid19.data.gouv.fr/|work=etalab-covid19-dashboard|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref>Mwezi Aprili, kulikuwa na ghasia katika sehemu nyingine za Paris.<ref>{{Citation|last=McAuley|first=James|title=Violent protests in Paris suburbs reflect tensions under lockdown|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/paris-suburbs-protests-villeneuve-la-garenne/2020/04/25/55f5a40c-85a1-11ea-81a3-9690c9881111_story.html|work=Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Tarehe 18 Mei iliripotiwa kwamba shule nchini Ufaransa zilibidi zifunge tena baada ya kufunguliwa upya, kutokana na mlipuko mwingine. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus flare-ups force France to re-close some schools|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronavirus-france-close-some-reopened-schools-covid-cases-flare-up-today-2020-05-18/|work=www.cbsnews.com|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== Swideni ==== Swideni ni tofauti kuliko nchi nyingine za Ulaya kwa sababu ilibaki wazi kwa jumla.<ref>{{Citation|last=Leatherby|first=Lauren|title=Sweden Stayed Open. A Deadly Month Shows the Risks.|date=2020-05-15|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/05/15/world/europe/sweden-coronavirus-deaths.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-11|last2=McCann|first2=Allison}}</ref> Kwa mujibu ya katiba ya Kiswidi, Shirika la afya ya umma la Uswidi lina uhuru na hali hiyo inazuia uingiliaji wa kisiasa, na sera ya shirika hilo halikupendelea ufungaji ili nchi ifikie kinga ya umma. Gazeti la New York Times lilisema kwamba, mnamo Mei 2020, mlipuko nchini Swideni umesababisha vifo vingi zaidi lakini haukuathiri uchumi sana kuliko nchi nyingine kwa sababu waSwideni wameendelea kufanya kazi na shughuli. Mnamo 19 Mei, iliripotiwa kwamba nchi hiyo ilikuwa na vifo vingi zaidi kwa idadi ya nchi wakati wa wiki ya tarehe 12 – 19 kuliko Ulaya, vifo 6.25 kwa watu wamilioni moja kwa siku. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Architect of Sweden’s no-lockdown strategy insists it will pay off|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a2b4c18c-a5e8-4edc-8047-ade4a82a548d|work=www.ft.com|date=2020-05-08|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-GB|author=Richard Milne}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Leatherby|first=Lauren|title=Sweden Stayed Open. A Deadly Month Shows the Risks.|date=2020-05-15|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/05/15/world/europe/sweden-coronavirus-deaths.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-11|last2=McCann|first2=Allison}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: Sweden records highest weekly deaths per capita in Europe|url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/coronavirus-sweden-highest-death-rate-europe-162855274.html|work=www.yahoo.com|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US}}</ref> === Amerika Kaskazini === Kesi ya kwanza katika Amerika Kaskazini iliripotiwa huko Marekani mwezi Januari 2020. Kesi ziliripotiwa katika nchi zote za Amerika Kaskazini baada ya Saint Kitts na Nevis ilithibitisha kesi tarehe 25 Machi, na katika maeneo yote ya Amerika Kaskazini baada ya Bonai ilithibitisha kesi tarehe 16 Aprili. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Update on Coronavirus (COVID-19) by Bonaire's Lt. Governor|url=https://www.infobonaire.com/update-on-coronavirus-covid-19-by-bonaires-lt-governor/|work=InfoBonaire|date=2020-04-16|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US|author=Susan Davis for The Bonaire Insider}}</ref> Tarehe 26 Machi 2020, Marekani ilikuwa nchi iliyo na idadi kubwa zaidi ya maambukizo, yenye zaidi ya kesi 82,000. Tarehe 11 Aprili 2020, Marekani ilikuwa nchi yenye idadi kubwa ya vifo kutokana na virusi hivyo, vifo 20,000. Mnamo 15 Mei 2020 kulikuwa na kesi 1,571,908 na vifo 95,764 kwa jumla. <ref>{{Citation|last=Trotta|first=Maria Caspani, Daniel|title=As of Thursday, U.S. had most coronavirus cases in world|date=2020-03-27|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-idUSKBN21D1ZR|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Shumaker|first=Lisa|title=U.S. coronavirus deaths top 20,000, highest in world exceeding Italy: Reuters tally|date=2020-04-11|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-casualties-idUSKCN21T0NA|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Kanada iliripoti kesi 60,616 na vifo 3,842 tarehe 4 Mei, wakati Mexico iliripoti kesi 23,471 na vifo 2,154. Jamhuri ya Dominika, Haiti na Cuba ni nchi pekee za nchi za Caribbean ambazo zimeripoti zaidi ya kesi 1,000 (16,908, 2,124 na 2,025, kwa mtiririko huo), wakati Panama na Honduras ziliongoza Amerika ya kati na kesi 7,197 na 1,055, kwa mtiririko huo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=CSSEGISandData/COVID-19|url=https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19|work=GitHub|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> ==== Marekani ==== Tarehe 20 Januari 2020, kesi ya kwanza inayojulikana ya coronavirus ilithibitishwa jimbo la Washington kuhusu mtu aliyerudi kutoka mjini Wuhan tarehe 15 Januari. Tarehe 31 Januari, utawala wa Rais Trump ulitangaza dharura ya afya ya umma, na kuzuia wasafiri kutoka Uchina wasiingie nchi kama hawakuwa raia. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Holshue|first=Michelle L.|last2=DeBolt|first2=Chas|last3=Lindquist|first3=Scott|last4=Lofy|first4=Kathy H.|last5=Wiesman|first5=John|last6=Bruce|first6=Hollianne|last7=Spitters|first7=Christopher|last8=Ericson|first8=Keith|last9=Wilkerson|first9=Sara|date=2020-03-05|title=First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7092802/|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=382|issue=10|pages=929–936|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2001191|issn=0028-4793|pmc=7092802|pmid=32004427}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Trump Declares Coronavirus A Public Health Emergency And Restricts Travel From China|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/01/31/801686524/trump-declares-coronavirus-a-public-health-emergency-and-restricts-travel-from-c|work=NPR.org|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Tarehe 28 Januari, shirika la Vituo Vya Kudhibiti na Kuzuia Magonjwa (CDC) lilitangaza kuwa walitengeneza vifaa vyao vya kupima wenyewe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PolitiFact - Biden falsely says Trump administration rejected WHO coronavirus test kits (that were never offered)|url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/mar/16/joe-biden/biden-falsely-says-trump-administration-rejected-w/|work=@politifact|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US|author=District of Columbia 1100 Connecticut Ave NW Suite 1300B Washington, Dc 20036}}</ref> Lakini Marekani ilianza kupima pole pole, na hali hiyo ilificha kiwango cha mlipuko.<ref>{{Citation|last=Whoriskey|first=Peter|title=How U.S. coronavirus testing stalled: Flawed tests, red tape and resistance to using the millions of tests produced by the WHO|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/03/16/cdc-who-coronavirus-tests/|work=Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2020-09-11|last2=Satija|first2=Neena}}</ref> Upimaji uliharibiwa na vifaa vya kupima kasoro vilivyozalishwa na serikali mwezi Februari, ukosefu wa kibali cha serikali kutumia vipimo havikuzalishwi na serikali, na vigezo vikali mno vilivyowazuia watu wengi wasipimwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How the CDC’s Restrictive Testing Guidelines Hid the Coronavirus Epid…|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-the-cdcs-restrictive-testing-guidelines-hid-the-coronavirus-epidemic-11584882001|work=archive.li|date=2020-03-22|accessdate=2020-09-11|archivedate=2020-03-22|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200322161141/https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-the-cdcs-restrictive-testing-guidelines-hid-the-coronavirus-epidemic-11584882001}}</ref> Mnamo 2 Machi kulikuwa na kesi 80 zilithibitishwa, na nusu ya kesi ilikuwepo jimbo la California. Majimbo ya Florida na New York yalitangaza kesi mbili zao za kwanza na jimbo la Washington liliripoti kesi nyingi zilizotuhumiwa na kifo cha kwanza. Makamu wa Rais Pence alisisitiza kuwa tishio la virusi kusambaa kote nchini Marekani lilikuwa dogo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington governor declares state of emergency over virus|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/coronavirus-cases-unknown-origin-found-west-coast-69301250|work=ABC News|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=A. B. C. News}}</ref> Tarehe 6 Machi, Rais Trump alisaini sheria ya maandalizi na mwitikio ya Coronavirus, ambayo ilitoa fedha za dharura $8,300,000,000 ili mashirika ya serikali yajibu mlipuko huo. Makampuni yaliwahamasisha wafanyakazi wao kufanya kazi kutoka nyumbani. Matukio ya michezo yalifutwa. <ref>{{Citation|last=Pilkington|first=Ed|title=How science finally caught up with Trump's playbook – with millions of lives at stake|date=2020-04-04|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/apr/04/trump-coronavirus-science-analysis|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Trump signs emergency coronavirus package, injecting $8.3 billion into efforts to fight the outbreak {{!}} Markets Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-signs-billion-emergency-funding-package-fight-coronavirus-legislation-covid19-020-3|work=markets.businessinsider.com|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-us|author=finanzen net GmbH}}</ref> Tarehe 13 Machi, Trump alitangaza hali ya dharura ya kitaifa, ambayo ilifanya fedha za serikali ziliozopatikana kukabili mgogoro huo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Here's what Trump's coronavirus emergency declaration does|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/13/politics/states-coronavirus-fema/index.html|work=CNN|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=Priscilla Alvarez CNN}}</ref>Kuanzia tarehe 15 Machi, biashara na shule nyingi zilifungwa. Mnamo 17 Machi, janga hilo lilikuwa limethibitishwa katika majimbo yote 50 na katika wilaya ya Columbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=These stores are closing or changing hours due to coronavirus|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/retail-chainsclosing-hours-coronavirus-15132524.php|work=SFGate|date=2020-03-15|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US|author=Katie Dowd SFGATE}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=After coronavirus school closings, will states need to hold kids back, institute summer school?|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2020/03/18/coronavirus-school-closings-online-school-summer-school/2862873001/|work=USA TODAY|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US|author=Lily Altavena, Max Londberg and Justin Murphy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus Maps: How Severe Is Your State's Outbreak?|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/09/01/816707182/map-tracking-the-spread-of-the-coronavirus-in-the-u-s|work=NPR.org|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref>Mnamo 26 Machi, Marekani ilikuwa na kesi zilizothibitishwa zaidi kuliko nchi nyingine yoyote. <ref>{{Citation|last=Jr|first=Donald G. McNeil|title=The U.S. Now Leads the World in Confirmed Coronavirus Cases|date=2020-03-26|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/health/usa-coronavirus-cases.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref>Wakaguzi wa afya wa serikali walichunguza hospitali 323 mwishoni mwezi Machi; walitoa taarifa za "upungufu mkubwa sana" wa vifaa vya kupima, "upungufu mkubwa" wa vifaa vya kinga (PPE), na rasilimali nyingine mbaya kutokana na wagonjwa wakikaa hospitali kwa muda mrefu wakati wa kusubiri matokeo ya vipimo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The HHS Inspector General Report|url=https://www.factcheck.org/2020/04/the-hhs-inspector-general-report/|work=FactCheck.org|date=2020-04-07|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US|author=Lori Robertson}}</ref> Tarehe 22 Aprili iliripotiwa kwamba waCalifornia wawili walifariki kutokana na virusi vya COVID-19 tarehe 6 na 17 Februari, wiki tatu kabla ya kifo rasmi cha kwanza nchini kilikiriwa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=2 died with coronavirus weeks before 1st U.S. virus death|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/2-died-with-coronavirus-weeks-before-1st-u-s-virus-death|work=PBS NewsHour|date=2020-04-22|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-us}}</ref>Mnamo 24 Aprili, kesi 889,309 zilikuwa zimethibitishwa na watu 50,256 walikuwa wamefariki.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global COVID-19 Tracker & Interactive Charts {{!}} Real Time Updates & Digestable Information for Everyone {{!}} 1Point3Acres|url=https://coronavirus.1point3acres.com/|work=coronavirus.1point3acres.com|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref> Mnamo 17 Mei, kwa mujibu ya takwimu za New York Times, zaidi ya watu 1,474,600 walikuwa wameambukizwa na angalau 88,600 walikufa nchini Marekani. Gazeti hilo lilieleza kwamba, kabla ya tarehe 29 Aprili, vifo vilivyothibitishwa kupitia upimaji tu viliripotiwa, lakini vigezo vipya vilijumuisha kesi na vifo vilivyowezekana. Mnamo 17 Mei, Marekani, ambaye ina asilimia 4.25 ya idadi ya watu duniani, ilikuwa na asilimia ya 29 ya vifo kutokana na Coronavirus. <ref>{{Citation|last=Times|first=The New York|title=Covid in the U.S.: Latest Map and Case Count|date=2020-07-20|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-us-cases.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Ikulu imekuwa ilikosolewa kwa kupunguza tisho na kudhibiti habari kwa kuagiza maafisa wa afya na wanasayansi kuratibu taarifa za umma na machapisho yanayohusu virusi pamoja na ofisi ya Makamu wa Rais Mike Pence. Mnamo 14 Aprili, Rais Trump alifuta fedha kwa shirika la afya duniani (WHO), akisema wamekuwa walisimamia vibaya janga hilo. Pia alisema Marekani haingeshiriki katika jitihada za kimataifa pamoja na WHO kuendeleza chanjo na madawa kupambana na virusi. <ref>{{Citation|last=Shear|first=Michael D.|title=Pence Will Control All Coronavirus Messaging From Health Officials|date=2020-02-27|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/27/us/politics/us-coronavirus-pence.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-11|last2=Haberman|first2=Maggie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Trump calls for halt to US funding for World Health Organization amid coronavirus outbreak|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/markets/trump-calls-for-halt-to-us-funding-for-world-health-organization-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/ar-BB12D4Vp?ocid=spartandhp|work=www.msn.com|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref> Mnamo katikati ya mwezi Mei ripoti za kesi mpya zilianza kukaa sawa na majimbo mengi yalianza kufungua migahawa na mahali pengine pa biashara, kuweka mipaka ya idadi ya watu walioruhusiwa ndani wakati huo huo. Mkuu wa shirika la magonjwa ya maambukizo (NIAID), Dk Anthony Fauci, alionya kwamba kama tahadhari haikutumika kiwango cha maambukizo kingeongezeka tena na alikuwa na wasiwasi hasa kuhusu kufungua shule kwa mwaka mpya wa shule. Mnam kati kati ya mwezi Juni, idadi ya kesi ilianza kuongezeka tena hasa majimbo ya Texas, California, Florida, na Arizona. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Trump Criticizes Fauci’s Warning Against Opening Schools Too Soon In Latest Public Disagreement|url=https://khn.org/morning-breakout/trump-criticizes-faucis-warning-against-opening-schools-too-soon-in-latest-public-disagreement/|work=Kaiser Health News|date=2020-05-14|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Record spikes in U.S. coronavirus cases push up hospitalization rates in 16 states|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/25/record-spikes-in-us-coronavirus-cases-push-up-hospitalization-rates-in-16-states.html|work=CNBC|date=2020-06-25|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Jasmine Kim}}</ref> Tarehe 16 Julai Marekani ilikuwa na kesi zaidi kwa siku moja (kesi 75,000) tangu mwanzo wa mlipuko. <ref>{{Cite web|title=US sets daily COVID-19 record: 75,000 new cases|url=https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/07/us-sets-daily-covid-19-record-75000-new-cases|work=CIDRAP|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Stephanie Soucheray {{!}} News Reporter {{!}} CIDRAP News {{!}} Jul 17, 2020}}</ref> === Amerika Kusini === Janga hilo lilithibitishwa kuwa kufika Amerika Kusini tarehe 26 Februari Brazil ilipothibitisha kesi mjini São Paulo. Mnamo 3 Aprili, nchi zote za maeneo ya Amerika Kusini zilikuwa zimeandikisha angalau kesi moja. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Coronavirus in Latin America|url=https://www.as-coa.org/articles/coronavirus-latin-america|work=AS/COA|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Luisa Horwitz, Paola Nagovitch, Holly K. Sonnel, Carin Zissis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uncollected bodies lie for days in the streets of Ecuador: The emerging epicenter of the coronavirus in Latin America|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/coronavirus/120818001/uncollected-bodies-lie-for-days-in-the-streets-of-ecuador-the-emerging-epicenter-of-the-coronavirus-in-latin-america|work=Stuff|date=2020-04-03|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Aprili 17, idadi kubwa zaidi ya wagonjwa na vifo viliandikishwa nchini Brazili, ikifuatiliwa na Peru na Chile katika idadi ya kesi zilizothibitishwa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Superan AL y el Caribe más de 400 mil casos de coronavirus - Mundo - La Jornada|url=https://www.jornada.com.mx/ultimas/mundo/2020/05/13/superan-al-y-el-caribe-mas-de-400-mil-casos-de-coronavirus-883.html|work=www.jornada.com.mx|date=2020-05-13|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=es|author=Afp}}</ref> Tarehe 13 Mei, iliripotiwa kwamba Amerika Kusini na eneo la Caribbean ziliripoti zaidi ya kesi 400,000 na vifo 23,091. Tarehe 22 Mei, likitaja hasa ongezeko la maambukizo la haraka nchini Brazil, shirika la WHO lilitangaza kwamba Amerika Kusini sasa ni kati ya janga la Coronavirus. Mnamo 25 Mei, eneo hilo lilikuwa na zaidi ya kesi 636,000 na zaidi ya vifo 31,000. Hata hivyo, kutokana na ukosefu wa kupima na vifaa vya matibabu inaaminika kwamba mlipuko huo ni mkubwa zaidi kuliko takwimu rasmi zinaonyesha. <ref>{{Cite web|title=How South America became a coronavirus epicenter|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/5/26/21270376/south-america-covid-19-coronavirus-brazil-peru-chile|work=Vox|date=2020-05-26|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Alex Ward}}</ref> ==== Brazili ==== Tarehe 20 Aprili iliripotiwa kwamba Brazil ilikuwa na rekodi ya vifo 1,179 kwa siku moja, kwa jumla ya karibu 18,000. Kukiwa na idadi ya kesi takriban 272,000, Brazil ikawa nchi yenye idadi kubwa ya tatu ya kesi, kufuata Urusi na Marekani. Mnamo 25 Mei, Brazil ilizidi idadi ya kesi nchini Urusi iliporipoti kwamba kesi mpya 11,687 zilikuwa zimethibitishwa katika masaa 24 yaliyopita, na kufikia zaidi ya kesi 374,800, na zaidi ya vifo 23,400. Rais Jair Bolsonaro amechochea utata mkubwa akitaja virusi hivyo kama "homa ndogo" na mara nyingi kukosoa hatua za ufungaji na karantini. <ref>{{Citation|last=Fonseca|first=Pedro|title=Brazil suffers record coronavirus deaths, Trump mulls travel ban|date=2020-05-20|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-brazil-idUSKBN22V374|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Brazil faces a dark week as Covid-19 toll soars|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/25/americas/brazil-bolsonaro-grim-week-may-25-intl/index.html|work=CNN|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=Shasta Darlington, Flora Charner, Taylor Barnes and Seán Federico-O'Murchú CNN}}</ref> === Afrika === Kwa mujibu ya Michael Yao, ambaye ni mkuu wa operesheni za dharura barani Afrika kwa WHO, kugundua mapema ni muhimu kwa sababu mifumo ya afya ya bara "tayari imeshindwa na milipuko mingi ya ugonjwa unaoendelea". <ref>{{Citation|title=Coronavirus: Could African countries cope with an outbreak?|date=2020-03-12|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51403865|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Washauri wanasema kwamba mkakati wenye msingi wa kupima ungeruhusu nchi za Afrika kupunguza ufungaji ambao unaosababisha ugumu mkubwa kwa wale wanaotegemea mapato siku kwa siku ili waweze kuwalisha wenyewe na familia zao. Hata katika hali bora zaidi, shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linasema kuwa vifaa 74,000,000 vya kupima na vifaa 30,000 vinavyosaadia kupumua vitahitajika na wananchi 1,300,000,000 wa bara mwaka 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘It's just beginning here’: Africa turns to testing as pandemic grips the continent|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/26/its-just-beginning-here-africa-turns-to-testing-as-pandemic-grips-the-continent|work=the Guardian|date=2020-04-26|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Kesi nyingi zilizoripotiwa zinatoka nchi sita: Afrika Kusini, Nigeria, Ghana, Morocco, Misri na Algeria, lakini inaaminika kwamba kuna uwezekano mkubwa kuna kesi nyingi zaidi ambazo hazijaripotiwa huko nchi nyingine za Afrika zenye mifumo maskini ya huduma za afya.<ref>{{Citation|last=correspondent|first=Jason Burke Africa|title=Total confirmed coronavirus cases in Africa pass 1 million|date=2020-08-06|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/06/total-confirmed-coronavirus-cases-in-africa-pass-1-million|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Kesi zimethibitishwa katika nchi zote za Afrika, na Lesotho ilikuwa nchi ya mwisho kuripoti kesi yake ya kwanza tarehe 13 Mei 2020. Hajakuwa na kesi zilizoripotiwa katika maeneo ya nje ya Uingereza ya Saint Helena, Ascension, na Tristan da Cunha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The last places on earth without coronavirus|url=https://graphics.reuters.com/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS/TRANSMISSION-STATUS/azgpombyxpd/|work=Reuters|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Gurman Bhatia, Manas Sharma}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lesotho records first coronavirus case a week after lifting lockdown|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/13/lesotho-records-first-coronavirus-case-a-week-after-lifting-lockdown|work=the Guardian|date=2020-05-13|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Silence Charumbira in Maseru}}</ref> === Oceania === Janga hilo lilithibitishwa kufikia Oceania tarehe 25 Januari 2020 kesi ya kwanza iliyothibitishwa iliporipotiwa mjini Melbourne, Australia. Tangu wakati huo, virusi hivyo vimeenea mahali pengine katika eneo hilo, ingawa mataifa mengi madogo ya Pasifiki hadi sasa yameepuka mlipuko huo kwa kufunga mipaka yao ya kimataifa. Mnamo 13 Agosti 2020, Mataifa ya Oceania rasmi bado hayajaripoti kesi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First confirmed case of novel coronavirus in Australia|url=https://www.health.gov.au/ministers/the-hon-greg-hunt-mp/media/first-confirmed-case-of-novel-coronavirus-in-australia|work=Australian Government Department of Health|date=2020-01-25|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Australian Government Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard|url=https://covid19.who.int/|work=covid19.who.int|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Tarehe 19 Mei 2020, Australia ilifungua hoja katika Umoja wa Mataifa kudai uchunguzi wa asili ya virusi na miitikio wa Umoja wa Mataifa na serikali mbalimbali. Zaidi ya nchi 100 ziliunga mkono hoja hii, na ilipitishwa mara moja. <ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. stands with Australia after China threatens economic retribution over coronavirus origins inquiry, Pompeo says|url=https://www.newsweek.com/us-stands-australia-after-china-threatens-economic-retribution-over-coronavirus-origins-inquiry-1505491|work=Newsweek|date=2020-05-20|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Meghan Roos On 5/20/20 at 1:52 PM EDT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=China signs on to World Health Assembly inquiry resolution|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/coronavirus-inquiry-resolution-adopted-at-world-health-assembly-as-china-signs-on-20200519-p54ukn.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2020-05-19|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Anthony Galloway, Eryk Bagshaw}}</ref> == Miitikio ya kimataifa == === Vizuizi vya usafiri === Kutokana na janga hilo, nchi nyingi na maeneo mengi yaliweka karantini, marufuku za kuingia, au vikwazo vingine, ama kwa raia, wasafiri waliosafiri hivi karibuni maeneo yaliyoathirika, au wasafiri wote. Pamoja na upungufu wa hamu la kusafiri, sekta ya usafiri imeathirika vibaya. Kuna wasiwasi kuhusu ufanisi wa vikwazo vya kusafiri ili kuzuia virusi visisambae. Utafiti katika gazeti la Sayansi uligundua kwamba vizuizi vya usafiri vilikuwa na athari ndogo tu kuchelewa usambaji wa awali, isipokuwa vilipojumuisha na hatua nyingine za kuzuia na kudhibiti maambukizo. Watafiti walihitimisha kuwa "vikwazo vya kusafiri ni muhimu zaidi katika awamu za mapema na mwisho za janga" na "vikwazo vya kusafiri kutoka Wuhan kwa bahati mbaya vilifanywa kuchelewa sana". <ref>{{Citation|last=Salcedo|first=Andrea|title=Coronavirus Travel Restrictions, Across the Globe|date=2020-07-16|url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/coronavirus-travel-restrictions.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-11|last2=Yar|first2=Sanam|last3=Cherelus|first3=Gina}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus spikes outside China show travel bans aren’t working|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/02/why-travel-restrictions-are-not-stopping-coronavirus-covid-19/|work=Science|date=2020-02-24|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus spikes outside China show travel bans aren’t working|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/02/why-travel-restrictions-are-not-stopping-coronavirus-covid-19/|work=Science|date=2020-02-24|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Umoja wa Ulaya ilikataa wazo la kusitisha eneo la usafiri la bure la Schengen na kuanzisha udhibiti wa mpaka na Italia, uamuzi ambao umekosolewa na wanasiasa wengine wa Ulaya.<ref>{{Citation|last=Stevis-Gridneff|first=Matina|title=Coronavirus Nightmare Could Be the End for Europe’s Borderless Dream|date=2020-02-26|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/26/world/europe/coronavirus-european-union.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> === Uhamishaji wa raia wa kigeni === Kutokana na karantini ufanisi wa usafiri wa umma huko Wuhan na Hubei, nchi kadhaa ziliwahamisha raia wao na wafanyakazi wa kidiplomasia kutoka eneo hilo, hasa kwa ndege maalum, na mamlaka ya Uchina kutoa kibali. Kanada, Marekani, Japani, India, Sri Lanka, Australia, Ufaransa, Argentina, Ujerumani, na Thailand zilikuwa miongoni mwa kwanza kupanga uhamishaji wa raia wao. Brazil na New Zealand pia zilihamisha raia wao wenyewe na baadhi ya watu wengine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Countries Evaluate Evacuation of Citizens Amid Wuhan Coronavirus Panic|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/01/countries-evaluate-evacuation-of-citizens-amid-wuhan-coronavirus-panic/|work=thediplomat.com|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US|author=Associated Press}}</ref> Tarehe 14 Machi, Afrika Kusini iliwahamisha Waafrika Kusini 112 ambao walipima hasi kwa virusi kutoka Wuhan, wakati watu wanne ambao walionyesha dalili waliachwa nyuma ili ipunguze hatari.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Repatriated citizens to be reunited with families|url=https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/repatriated-citizens-be-reunited-families|work=SAnews|date=2020-03-29|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Pakistani ilisema isingewahamisha raia kutoka Uchina.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pakistan cancels flights to China as fears of coronavirus spread|url=https://www.dialoguepakistan.com/pakistan-cancels-flights-to-china-as-fears-of-coronavirus-spread/|work=Dialogue Pakistan|date=2020-01-31|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US}}</ref> Tarehe 15 Februari, Marekani ilitangaza ingewahamisha Wamarekani kutoka meli ya Diamond Princess,<ref>{{Citation|last=Wang|first=Vivian|title=Shifting Ground in Coronavirus Fight: U.S. Will Evacuate Americans From Cruise Ship|date=2020-02-15|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/15/world/asia/japan-cruise-ship-coronavirus.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-11|last2=Rich|first2=Motoko|last3=Bradsher|first3=Keith}}</ref> na tarehe 21 Februari, Kanada iliwahamisha abiria wa kiKanada 129 kwenye meli hiyo. Mwanzo wa mwezi Machi, serikali ya India ilianza kuwazuia raia wake wasitoke Irani.<ref>{{Citation|title=4th batch of 53 Indians evacuated from Iran: S Jaishankar|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/4th-batch-of-53-indians-evacuated-from-iran-s-jaishankar/articleshow/74647353.cms|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Tarehe 20 Machi, Marekani ilianza kuwaondoa wanajeshi wake kutoka Iraki kutokana na janga hilo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=US-led coalition in Iraq drawing down over coronavirus concerns|url=https://thehill.com/policy/defense/488618-us-led-coalition-in-iraq-drawing-down-over-coronavirus-concerns|work=TheHill|date=2020-03-20|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Rebecca Kheel}}</ref> === Misaada ya kimataifa === ==== Msaada kwa Uchina ==== Baadhi ya wanafunzi wa Kichina huko vyuo vikuu Marekani walituma msaada, ukiwemo barakoa N95 50,000 tarehe 30 Januari.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Students mobilize aid for Hubei province in China following coronavirus outbreak|url=https://tuftsdaily.com/news/2020/02/05/students-mobilize-aid-hubei-province-china-following-coronavirus-outbreak/|work=The Tufts Daily|date=2020-02-05|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref> Shirika la msaada wa kibinadamu moja kwa moja liliotumia hospitali ya Wuhan barakoa 200,000 na vifaa vingine vya kujilinda binafsi siku hiyo hiyo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Direct Relief Rushes Facial Masks to China to Fight Coronavirus Spread|url=https://www.directrelief.org/2020/01/direct-relief-rushes-facial-masks-to-china-to-fight-coronavirus-spread/|work=Direct Relief|date=2020-01-28|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US|author=Staff}}</ref>Tarehe 5 Februari, Wizara ya mambo ya nje ya Uchina ilisema nchi 21 (zikiwemo Belarus, Pakistan, Trinidad na Tobago, Misri, na Iran) zilikuwa zimetumia Uchina msaada, na Bill na Melinda Gates walitangaza mchango wa $100,000,000 kwa WHO kufadhili utafiti wa chanjo na matibabu na kulinda "watu wenye hatari katika Afrika na Asia Kusini.”<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bill And Melinda Gates Donate $100 Million To Coronavirus Vaccine Research And Treatment|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/lisettevoytko/2020/02/05/bill-and-melinda-gates-donate-100-million-to-coronavirus-vaccine-research/|work=Forbes|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=Lisette Voytko}}</ref><ref>https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1003716/</ref> Interaksyon ilisema serikali ya Uchina ilichangia Ufilipino barakoa 200,000 tarehe 6 Februari baada ya Seneta wa Ufilipino Richard Gordon alitumia Wuhan barakoa 3,160,000. Tarehe 19 Februari, Shirika la Msalaba Mwekundu la Singapore lilitangaza lingetumia Uchina msaada wenye thamani $2,260,000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Should we thank China for face mask donation when Filipinos donated first?|url=https://interaksyon.philstar.com/politics-issues/2020/02/06/161505/donations-face-mask-philippines-china-novel-coronavirus/|work=Interaksyon|date=2020-02-06|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US|author=Catalina Ricci S. Madarang}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: Singapore Red Cross to send $2.3m worth of aid to China, steps up local outreach to seniors|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-red-cross-to-send-23m-worth-of-aid-to-china-steps-up-local-outreach-to-seniors|work=The Straits Times|date=2020-02-19|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=hermesauto}}</ref> Nchi kadhaa walichangia Uchina barakoa, vifaa vya matibabu au fedha, zikiwemo Japan, Uturuki, Russia, Malaysia, Ujerumani, na Kanada. <ref>{{Cite web|title=21 countries donate medical supplies to China: spokesperson - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-02/06/c_138758854.htm|work=www.xinhuanet.com|accessdate=2020-09-21|archivedate=2020-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200209120817/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-02/06/c_138758854.htm}}</ref>Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje Marekani ilisema tarehe 7 Februari imekuwa iliwezesha usafirishaji wa tani karibu 17.8 za za vifaa vya matibabu kwa Uchina. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The United States Announces Assistance To Combat the Novel Coronavirus|url=https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-announces-assistance-to-combat-the-novel-coronavirus/|work=United States Department of State|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US}}</ref>Siku hiyo hiyo, Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje Marekani Pompeo alitangaza ahadi ya $100,000,000 kwa Uchina na nchi nyingine kusaidia mapambano yao dhidi ya virusi. Makampuni kadhaa pia yamechangia Uchina fedha au vifaa vya matibabu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=US pledges $100 million to help fight coronavirus in China|url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/prevention-cures/482096-us-pledges-100-million-to-help-fight-coronavirus|work=TheHill|date=2020-02-07|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=Joseph Guzman}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. Companies Donate Nearly $27 Million in Medical Products to Aid in COVID-19 Outbreak in China|url=https://www.medtechintelligence.com/news_article/u-s-companies-donate-nearly-27-million-in-medical-products-to-aid-in-covid-19-outbreak-in-china/|work=MedTech Intelligence|date=2020-02-26|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US|author=MedTech Intelligence Staff}}</ref> ==== Msaada kwa dunia ==== Baada ya kesi nchini Uchina zimetulia, nchi hiyo ilianza kupelekea mataifa mengine msaada.<ref>{{Cite web|title=As the U.S. Blames China for the Coronavirus Pandemic, the Rest of the World Asks China for Help|url=https://theintercept.com/2020/03/18/coronavirus-china-world-power/|work=The Intercept|date=2020-03-18|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US|author=Joe Penney}}</ref> Mwezi Machi, Uchina ilitumia Italia vifaa vya matibabu na wataalamu kusaidia kukabiliana na mlipuko wake Coronavirus; Uchina zilitumia Italia timu tatu za matibabu na kuchangia zaidi ya tani 40 za vifaa vya matibabu. <ref>{{Citation|last=Staff|first=Reuters|title=China sends medical supplies, experts to help Italy battle coronavirus|date=2020-03-13|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-italy-respirators-idUSKBN2101IM|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref>Mfanyabiashara Jack Ma alitumia Ethiopia vifaa vya kupima 1,100,000, barakoa 6,000,000, na suti za kinga 60,000 kwa Umoja wa Afrika. Yeye baadaye alitumia Panama vifaa vya kupima 5,000, barakoa 100,000, na mashini za kupumua tano.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jack Ma Foundation donates masks, testing kits to Africa for coronavirus control|url=https://www.monitor.co.ughttps//www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/world/jack-ma-foundation-donates-masks-testing-kits-to-africa-for-coronavirus-control-1880964|work=Daily Monitor|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Uholanzi, Uhispania, Uturuki, Georgia, na Jamhuri ya Czech zilitaja wasiwasi juu ya barakoa na vifaa vya kichina. Kwa mfano, Uhispania iliondoa vifaa vya kupima vya kichina 58,000 vyenye kiwango cha usahihi cha asilimia 30, na Uholanzi ilirudisha barakoa 600,000 zilizotuhumiwa kasoro, lakini Uchina ilisema hii ilitokana na matumizi mabaya. Ubelgiji iliondoa barakoa 100,000 ambazo hazikutumika zilizofikiriwa kutoka nchini Uchina lakini kwa kweli kutoka nchini Colombia. Ufilipino imesimamisha kutumia vifaa vya kupima vilivyotolewa na Uchina kutokana na usahihi wao wa asilimia 40. Serikali ya Uchina ilisema maagizo ya bidhaa pengine hayakufuatiliwa, na kwamba baadhi ya bidhaa hazikununuliwa moja kwa moja kutoka makampuni yanayothibitishwa. Msaada wa Kichina ulipokelewa vizuri katika sehemu za Amerika Kusini na Afrika. Tarehe 2 Aprili, Benki ya Dunia ilianzisha shughuli za msaada wa dharura kwa nchi zinazoendelea. Kwa mujibu ya taarifa ya Wizara ya mambo ya nje, Uturuki inatoa kiasi kikubwa cha msaada ya kibinadamu duniani huku ina cheo cha tatu duniani kutoa msaada ya matibabu.<ref>{{Citation|title=Coronavirus: Countries reject Chinese-made equipment|date=2020-03-30|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-52092395|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Africans Worry About Quality of Donated Chinese COVID-19 Aid Following Reports of Defective Masks in Europe|url=https://chinaafricaproject.com/2020/04/01/africans-worry-about-quality-of-donated-chinese-covid-19-aid-following-reports-of-defective-masks-in-europe/|work=The China Africa Project|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US|author=Eric Ol, er}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=China denies it donated defective COVID-19 kits|url=https://www.msn.com/en-sg/news/world/china-denies-it-donated-defective-covid-19-kits/ar-BB11STma|work=www.msn.com|accessdate=2020-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=China’s ‘Mask Diplomacy’ Is Faltering. But the U.S. Isn’t Doing Any Better|url=https://time.com/5814940/china-mask-diplomacy-falters/|work=Time|accessdate=2020-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bloomberg - Are you a robot?|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/tosv2.html?vid=&uuid=7619a160-fc17-11ea-ae06-1f7320c1ad35&url=L25ld3MvYXJ0aWNsZXMvMjAyMC0wNC0wMS9mYXVsdHktdmlydXMtdGVzdHMtY2xvdWQtY2hpbmEtcy1ldXJvcGVhbi1vdXRyZWFjaC1vdmVyLWNvdmlkLTE5|work=www.bloomberg.com|accessdate=2020-09-21}}</ref> === Hatua za majibu za WHO === Taiwan ilijulisha WHO kuhusu virusi vipya tarehe 31 Desemba 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Here's What Taiwan Told the WHO at the Start of the Virus Outbreak|url=https://time.com/5826025/taiwan-who-trump-coronavirus-covid19/|work=Time|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref>WHO limeisifu mamlaka za Kichina kwa kutoa "habari mara kwa mara", kuliko mlipuko wa SARS mnamo 2002-2004 Uchina iliposhtakiwa ya usiri.<ref>{{Citation|last=Staff|first=Reuters|title=Wuhan lockdown 'unprecedented', shows commitment to contain virus: WHO representative in China|date=2020-01-23|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-who-idUSKBN1ZM1G9|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> WHO lilieleza tarehe 5 Januari kwamba kesi za ugonjwa wa mapafu wenye sababu isiyojulikana zilikuwa zimeripotiwa, <ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Pneumonia of unknown cause – China|url=http://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/|work=WHO|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref>na shirika hilo lilitoa taarifa za kiufundi tarehe 10 na 11 Januari pamoja na onyo ya hatari ya maambukizo ya binadamu na kushauri tahadhari kwa sababu hali hiyo ilifanana na mizuko ya awali ya SARS na MERS.<ref>{{Citation|last=Washington|first=Peter Beaumont Julian Borger in|title=WHO warned of transmission risk in January, despite Trump claims|date=2020-04-09|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/09/who-cited-human-transmission-risk-in-january-despite-trump-claims|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Ingawa katika matangazo ya umma lilisema "Hakuna ushahidi wazi wa maambukizo miongoni mwa binadamu" mnamo 14 January.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Novel Coronavirus – Thailand (ex-China)|url=http://www.who.int/csr/don/14-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-thailand-ex-china/en/|work=WHO|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref> Tarehe 20 Januari, shirika la WHO lilisema kwamba ilikuwa "sasa ni wazi kabisa" maambukizo miongoni mwa binadamu ya Coronavirus yamekuwa yalitokea, kwa sababu wafanyakazi wa afya walikuwa wameambukizwa.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/04/17/trumps-false-claim-that-who-said-coronavirus-was-not-communicable/</ref> Tarehe 27 Januari, WHO lilisema hatari ya mlipuko ilikuwa "juu katika ngazi ya kimataifa".<ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO says global risk of China virus is 'high' {{!}} The Star|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2020/01/27/who-says-global-risk-of-china-virus-is-039high039|work=www.thestar.com.my|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref> Tarehe 30 Januari, WHO lilitangaza mlipuko huo kama dharura ya afya ya umma ya wasiwasi wa kimataifa (PHEIC), likionya "nchi zote zinapaswa kujitayarisha kuchukua hatua za kudhibiti, zikiwemo uangalizi, kugundua mapema, kutenga na kusimamia kwa kesi, kuchunguza mawasiliano na kuzuia usambazaji zaidi,” kufuatia ongozeka la kesi nje ya Uchina.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)|work=www.who.int|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Hiyo ilikuwa PHEIC ya sita daima tangu sera hiyo ilianzishwa mwaka 2009 wakati wa janga la mafua ya nguruwe. Mkurugenzi Mkuu Tedros Adhanom alisema PHEIC inatokana na "hatari ya kuenea kwa kimataifa, hasa kwa nchi zenye kipato cha chini au cha kati bila ya mifumo nguvu ya afya" lakini WHO halikupendekeza “kupunguza biashara na harakati".<ref>{{Citation|title=Coronavirus declared global health emergency|date=2020-01-31|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-51318246|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Tarehe 11 Februari, WHO lilianzisha jina la COVID-19, na Katibu Mkuu wa Umoja wa Mataifa Antonio Guterres alikubali kutoa "nguvu ya mfumo mzima wa Umoja wa Mataifa kwa majibu". Timu ya usimamizi wa migogoro ya Umoja wa Mataifa ilianzishwa, kuruhusu uratibu wa Umoja wa Mataifa, ambayo WHO lilisema ingewaruhusu "kuzingatia usaidizi wa afya wakati wa mashirika mengine kufanya kazi kuhusu athari za kiuchumi, kijamii, na manendeleo za mlipuko huo ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO Director-General's remarks at the media briefing on 2019-nCoV on 11 February 2020|url=https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-2019-ncov-on-11-february-2020|work=www.who.int|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref>Tarehe 25 Februari, WHO lilitangaza "ulimwengu unapaswa ufanye zaidi kujiandaa kwa uwezekano wa janga la COVID-19," na kusema kwamba ingawa ilikuwa mapema mno kuita janga, ilikuwa lazima nchi zifanye “awamu ya maandalizi".<ref>{{Citation|title=World must prepare for pandemic, says WHO|date=2020-02-25|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-51611422|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Tarehe 28 Februari, maafisa wa WHO walisema madadirio ya tishio ya kimataifa la Coronavirus yangeongeza kutoka “juu” hadi “juu sana,” kiwango chake cha juu ya tahadhari. <ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO raises coronavirus threat assessment to its highest level: 'Wake up. Get ready. This virus may be on its way'|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/28/who-raises-risk-assessment-of-coronavirus-to-very-high-at-global-level.html|work=CNBC|date=2020-02-28|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Berkeley Lovelace Jr}}</ref>Tarehe 11 Machi, WHO lilitangaza mlipuko wa Coronavirus ulikuwa janga. Mkurugenzi Mkuu alisema WHO "linajihusisha sana na viwango vya kutisha vya kuenea na ukali, na pia viwango vya kutisha vya kutotenda". <ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020|url=https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020|work=www.who.int|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref>Wakosoaji wamesema WHO lilijibu janga hilo vibaya na tangazo la dharura la afya ya umma lilichelewa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=China and the WHO's chief: Hold them both accountable for pandemic|url=https://thehill.com/opinion/international/487851-china-and-the-whos-chief-hold-them-both-accountable-for-pandemic|work=TheHill|date=2020-03-17|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Sandy Tolliver}}</ref> == Athari == === Uchumi === Mlipuko huo ni tishio kubwa kwa uchumi wa dunia. Agathe Demarais kutoka Economist Intelligence Unit anatarajia kwamba masoko ya fedha yataendelea kutetemeka hadi kuna uwazi zaidi kuhusu matokea yanayowezekana. Makadirio moja ya mtaalamu huko Chuo Kikuu cha Washington mjini St. Louis yalitoa athari ya dola bilioni 300 + kwenye biashara ya kimataifa ambayo ingedumu miaka miwili.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WashU Expert: Coronavirus far greater threat than SARS to global supply chain {{!}} The Source {{!}} Washington University in St. Louis|url=https://source.wustl.edu/2020/02/washu-expert-coronavirus-far-greater-threat-than-sars-to-global-supply-chain/|work=The Source|date=2020-02-07|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US}}</ref> Masoko ya hisa duniani yalianguka tarehe 24 Februari kutokana na ongezeko kubwa la idadi ya kesi nje ya Uchina. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dow plunges 1,000 points, posting its worst day in two years as coronavirus fears spike|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/23/business/stock-futures-coronavirus/index.html|work=CNN|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=Rob McLean, Laura He and Anneken Tappe, CNN Business}}</ref>Tarehe 27 Februari, kutokana na wasiwasi kuhusu mlipuko wa Coronavirus, soko la hisa la Marekani lilianguka zaidi tangu mwaka 2008, na DOW lilianguka pointi 1,191 (thamani kubwa zaidi katika siku moja tangu mgogoro wa fedha mnamo 2007 – 08) na masoko yote matatu yalimaliza wiki hiyo chini ya asilimia 10. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dow falls 1,191 points -- the most in history|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/27/investing/dow-stock-market-selloff/index.html|work=CNN|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=Anneken Tappe, CNN Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Stocks record worst week since financial crisis as coronavirus concerns heat up|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/stocks-record-worst-week-since-financial-crisis-as-coronavirus-concerns-heat-up-2020-02-28|work=MarketWatch|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US|author=Sunny Oh}}</ref> Masoko ya hisa yalishuka tena kutokana na hofu ya Coronavirus, kuanguka kubwa zaidi tarehe 16 Machi. Wengi wanadhani kushuka kubwa kwa uchumi kutafanyika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scope Ratings GmbH|url=https://scoperatings.com/#!search/research/detail/162598EN|work=Scope Ratings|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref> Benki ya Lloyd ya London inakadiria kuwa sekta ya bima ya kimataifa itakuwa na hasara ya US $204 bilioni, hasara zaidi kuliko majira ya kimbunga cha Atlantiki mwaka 2017 na mashambulio ya kigaidi ya 9/11 mwaka 2001, kuashiria uwezekano wa janga la COVID-19 litakuwa janga baya katika historia ya binadamu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global insurers face losses of $204 billion from Coronavirus, more than 9/11 and 2017 hurricanes, says Lloyd’s of London|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/global-insurers-face-losses-of-204-billion-from-coronavirus-more-than-911-and-2017-hurricanes-says-lloyds-of-london-2020-05-14|work=MarketWatch|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US|author=Callum Keown}}</ref> Utalii ni sekta moja inayoathiriwa vibaya zaidi kutokana na marufuku za usafiri, ufungaji mahali pa umma kama vile vivutio vya kusafiri, na ushauri wa serikali dhidi ya kusafiri. Makampuni ya ndege mbalimbali yamefuta safari, na makampuni madogo ya ndege yameshindwa. Sekta ya meli iliathirika vibaya pia, na vituo vya meli vimefungwa. Posta ya kimataifa kati ya nchi nyingine imesimama au kuchelewa kutokana na kupungua kwa usafiri baina yao au kusimamishwa kwa huduma za ndani.<ref>{{Citation|title=Collapsed Flybe: 'Do not travel to the airport'|date=2020-03-05|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51746564|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='Most significant crisis in the history of travel': where to now for tourism?|url=https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/most-significant-crisis-in-the-history-of-travel-where-to-now-for-tourism-20200227-p5450j.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2020-04-03|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Brook Turner}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus scare: Complete list of airlines suspending flights|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/travel/story/coronavirus-scare-complete-list-of-airlines-suspending-flights-1650574-2020-02-27|work=India Today|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Reuters New DelhiFebruary 27, 2020UPDATED: February 28, 2020 18:58 Ist}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Kong|first=Mike Cherney in Sydney and Lucy Craymer in Hong|title=You’ve Got Mail...Finally: The Pandemic Is Jamming Up the World’s Post|date=2020-05-05|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/another-coronavirus-business-problem-skyrocketing-cost-of-air-cargo-11588687216|work=Wall Street Journal|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Sekta ya rejareja imeathiriwa duniani kote, na maduka mengi yamefunga kwa muda au yamepunguza masaa ya biashara. Ziara za wateja katika Ulaya na Amerika Kusini zilianguka kwa asilimia 40. Huko Amerika Kaskazini na Mashariki ya kati wauzaji waliona kushuka kwa asilimia 50-60. Hii pia ilisababisha kushuka kwa trafiki ya miguu kwa asilimia 33-43 vituoni kwa ununuzi mwezi Machi ikilinganishwa na mwezi Februari. Wakurugenzi wa maduka ya biashara duniani kote waliweka hatua za ziada, kama vile kuongezeka kwa usafi, ufungaji wa scanners ili kuangalia joto la wanunuzi, na kufuta matukio.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus Resources for Retailers|url=https://nrf.com/resources/retail-safety-and-security-tools/coronavirus-resources-retailers|work=NRF|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How Retailers Globally are Responding to Coronavirus|url=https://www.aislelabs.com/blog/2020/04/02/how-retailers-globally-are-responding-to-coronavirus-updated-frequently/|work=Aislelabs|date=2020-04-02|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How Shopping Centres Globally are Responding to Coronavirus (Updated Frequently)|url=https://www.aislelabs.com/blog/2020/03/23/how-shopping-centres-responding-coronavirus/|work=Aislelabs|date=2020-03-23|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US|author=Danny Santos}}</ref> Mamia ya mamilioni ya kazi yamepotezwa duniani kote. Zaidi ya Wamarekani 40,000,000 walipoteza kazi zao na kufanya madai ya bima ya ukosefu wa ajira.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Half the world's workers face losing their jobs, says ILO|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/ajimpact/world-workers-face-losing-jobs-ilo-200427171840169.html|work=www.aljazeera.com|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=James Brownsell}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Romm|first=Tony|title=Americans have filed more than 40 million jobless claims in past 10 weeks, as another 2.1 million filed for benefits last week|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/05/28/unemployment-claims-coronavirus/|work=Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Kwa mujibu ya makadirio ya Tume ya uchumi ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Amerika Kusini, kushuka kwa uchumi kutokana na janga kungewalazimisha watu milioni 14-22 katika umaskini kuliko idadi bila janga hilo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=La pandemia amenaza con dejar entre 14 y 22 millones de personas más en pobreza extrema en Latinoamérica|url=https://elpais.com/economia/2020-04-03/la-pandemia-amenaza-con-dejar-entre-14-y-22-millones-de-personas-mas-en-pobreza-extrema-en-america-latina.html|work=EL PAÍS|date=2020-04-03|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=es|author=Ignacio Fariza}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Updated estimates of the impact of COVID-19 on global poverty|url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/updated-estimates-impact-covid-19-global-poverty|work=blogs.worldbank.org|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Uchumi wa nchi zinazoendelea umeharibu sana hasa nchi za Afrika ambazo zimeshakuwa na deni kubwa sana. Zaidi ya deni ni kiChina na sasa kuna shinikizo kubwa juu ya Uchina kufuta deni hiyo. Shirika la IMF na Benki ya Duniani na nchi za G-20, zikiwemo Uchina, vimekubali kuchelewesha kulipa deni hiyo. Lakini kuna waswasi huko Afrika kwamba Uchina itauliza kulipwa hivi karibuni kwa sababu uchumi wa kiChina pia una matatizo. Wachambuzi wengi wanaamini kwamba pengine Uchina itajaribu kufaidika hali hiyo kwa kuchukua miundo mbinu kwa mfano bandari kama nchi za Afrika hazitaweza kulipa deni. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ISS TODAY: Is Covid-19 enabling debt-trap diplomacy?|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-05-01-is-covid-19-enabling-debt-trap-diplomacy/|work=Daily Maverick|date=2020-04-30|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Peter Fabricius for ISS TODAY}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Africa: China-Africa Blanket Debt Forgiveness Not in the Cards|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202006030219.html|work=allAfrica.com|date=2020-06-03|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=Salem Solomon}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pandemic reveals rifts in China-Africa relations|url=https://www.efe.com/efe/english/destacada/pandemic-reveals-rifts-in-china-africa-relations/50000261-4280104|work=www.efe.com|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> ==== Ukosefu wa bidhaa ==== Mlipuko huo umelaumuliwa kwa uhaba wa ugavi, kutokana na kuongezeka kwa matumizi ya vifaa vinavyohitajika kupambana na virusi hivyo, kununua bidhaa zaidi zinazohitajika kutokana na hofu, na kuvuruga operesheni za kiwanda na utaritibu wa ugavi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus fears empty store shelves of toilet paper, bottled water, masks as shoppers stock up|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/02/28/coronavirus-2020-preparation-more-supply-shortages-expected/4903322002/|work=USA TODAY|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US|author=Kelly Tyko, Jessica Guynn and Mike Snider}}</ref>Kuenea kwa kununua kutokana na hofu kumesababishwa na watu wanoamini kwamba kutakuwa na uhaba au tishio fulani, hofu ya mustakubali, au sababu kisaikolojia na kijamii (kwa mfano, ushawishi wa kijamii na uaminifu).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yuen|first=Kum Fai|last2=Wang|first2=Xueqin|last3=Ma|first3=Fei|last4=Li|first4=Kevin X.|date=2020-5|title=The Psychological Causes of Panic Buying Following a Health Crisis|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7277661/|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=17|issue=10|doi=10.3390/ijerph17103513|issn=1661-7827|pmc=7277661|pmid=32443427}}</ref> Sekta ya teknolojia, hasa, imeonya juu ya ucheleweshaji wa shehena ya bidhaa za elektroniki.<ref>{{Citation|last=Strumpf|first=Dan|title=Tech Sector Fears Supply Delays as Effects of Virus Ripple Through China|date=2020-01-31|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/tech-sector-fears-supply-delays-as-effects-of-virus-ripple-through-china-11580484181|work=Wall Street Journal|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Kwa mujibu ya Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa WHO Tedros Adhanom, mahitaji ya vifaa vya kujilinda binafsi yamefufuka mara mia, na kusababisha bei mara ishirini kuliko bei za kawaida na pia kuchelewa kwa ugavi wa vitu vya matibabu kwa miezi minne hadi sita.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO warns of global shortage of face masks and protective suits|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/07/who-warns-global-shortage-face-masks-protective-suits-coronavirus|work=the Guardian|date=2020-02-07|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Pia imesababisha uhaba wa vifaa vya kinga binafsi duniani kote, na WHO limeonya kwamba hali hiyo itahatarisha wafanyakazi wa afya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shortage of personal protective equipment endangering health workers worldwide|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/03-03-2020-shortage-of-personal-protective-equipment-endangering-health-workers-worldwide|work=www.who.int|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en}}</ref> Athari ya mlipuko Coronavirus ilikuwa duniani kote. Virusi vilisababisha uhaba wa kemikali zinazotumika katika kutengenza dawa za fentanyl na methamphetamine. Kundi la Yuancheng, liko Wuhan, Uchina, ni moja ya makampuni yanayosambaza kemikali hizo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Corona snijdt ook in het vlees van de drugsmaffia|url=https://www.standaard.be/cnt/dmf20200410_04920099|work=De Standaard|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=nl-BE}}</ref> Kuongezeka kwa bei na upungufu wa dawa hizi haramu vimeangaliwa mitaani huko Uingereza. Polisi wa Marekani pia waliambia gazeti la New York Post kwamba makundi ya madawa ya kulevya ya kiMexico yanakuwa na changamoto kupata kemikali hizo.<ref>{{Citation|last=correspondent|first=Jamie Grierson Home affairs|title=Coronavirus triggers UK shortage of illicit drugs|date=2020-04-12|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/apr/12/coronavirus-triggers-uk-shortage-of-illicit-drugs|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus pandemic drives up price of heroin, meth and fentanyl|url=https://nypost.com/2020/03/28/coronavirus-pandemic-drives-up-price-of-heroin-meth-and-fentanyl/|work=New York Post|date=2020-03-28|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US|author=Isabel Vincent}}</ref> Janga hilo limevuruga ugavi wa chakula cha kimataifa na kutishia kusababisha matatizo lipya la chakula. David Beasley, mkuu wa Shirika la chakula duniani (WFP), alisema "Tungekabiliwa na njaa nyingi mnamo miezi michache ijayo."<ref>{{Cite web|title=How to Stop a Looming Food Crisis|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/14/how-to-stop-food-crisis-coronavirus-economy-trade/|work=Foreign Policy|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US|author=Maximo Torero}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=World risks 'biblical' famines due to pandemic - UN|date=2020-04-21|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-52373888|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> Maafisa wa Umoja wa Mataifa walikadiria mwezi Aprili 2020 kwamba watu wa ziada 130,000,000 wangekufa kutokana na njaa, kwa jumla ya watu 265,000,000 mwishoni 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senior Officials Sound Alarm over Food Insecurity, Warning of Potentially ‘Biblical’ Famine, in Briefings to Security Council {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sc14164.doc.htm|work=www.un.org|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref> ==== Mafuta na masoko ya nishati ==== Mwanzo wa Februari 2020, Shirika la nchi za mafuta (OPEC) lilichochoea baada ya kupungua kwa bei ya mafuta kutokana na mahitaji ya chini kutoka Uchina. Tarehe 20 Aprili, bei ya hisa za West Texas Intermediate (WTI) alianguka chini ya sifuri hadi rekodi ya chini (- $37.63) kutokana na wanaomili hisa wakiziuza. Mwezi Juni bei zilikuweko chini lakini bora, na pipa la WTI liliuzwa $20.<ref>{{Citation|last=Reed|first=Stanley|title=OPEC Scrambles to React to Falling Oil Demand From China|date=2020-02-03|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/03/business/energy-environment/china-oil-opec.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=US oil prices turn negative as demand dries up|date=2020-04-21|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52350082|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> === Utamaduni === Sekta za sanaa na urithi wa utamaduni zimeathiriwa sana na janga hilo, ambalo limeathiri operesheni za mashirika pamoja na watu — wote walioajiriwa na waliojitegemea — duniani kote. Mashirika ya utamaduni yalijaribu kulinda malengo (mara nyingi inayofadhiliwa kwa umma) ya kutoa huduma za kitamaduni kwa jamii, kulinda usalama wa waajiriwa wao na pia umma, na kuwasaidia wasanii kama iwezekanavyo. Mnamo Machi 2020, kote ulimwenguni, makumbusho, maktaba, na taasisi nyingine za kitamaduni zilikuwa zimefungwa na maonyesho na matukio yao yalifutwa au kuahirishwa. Kulikuwa na juhudi kubwa kutoa huduma mbadala mtandaoni.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Here are the museums that have closed (so far) due to coronavirus|url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/here-are-the-museums-that-have-closed-due-to-coronavirus|work=www.theartnewspaper.com|accessdate=2020-09-11|archivedate=2020-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329062120/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/here-are-the-museums-that-have-closed-due-to-coronavirus}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=What churches, mosques and temples are doing to fight the spread of coronavirus|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/14/world/churches-mosques-temples-coronavirus-spread/index.html|work=CNN|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=Daniel Burke, CNN Religion Editor}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Here are the latest major events that have been canceled or postponed because of the coronavirus outbreak, including the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Burning Man, and the 74th Annual Tony Awards|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/major-events-cancelled-or-postponed-due-to-the-coronavirus-2020|work=Business Insider|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=Joey Hadden, Laura Casado}}</ref> Matukio ya wiki ya Pasaka mjini Roma yalifutwa. Viongozi wengi wamependekeza Wakristo wazee wakae nyumbani badala ya kuhudhuria mikutano ya kidini; mingi yalipatikana kupitia kwa redio, mtandaoni na televisheni, ingawa baadhi ya kanisa imefanya mikutano kwenye magari. Pamoja na Vatican na makanisa ya kikatoliki, makundi ya kidini mengine pia yalifuta mikutano ya umma katika makanisa, misikiti, masinagogi, mahekalu na gurdwaras. Wizara ya afya ya Irani ilitangaza kwamba sala za Ijumaa zilifutwa katika maeneo yaliyoathiriwa na mlipuko na baadaye makaburi yalifungwa pia, na Saudi Arabia ilipiga marufuku wasafiri wa kigeni pamoja na wakazi wake kuingia maeneo matakatifu ya Makka na Medina.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What churches, mosques and temples are doing to fight the spread of coronavirus|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/14/world/churches-mosques-temples-coronavirus-spread/index.html|work=CNN|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=Daniel Burke, CNN Religion Editor}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/saudi-arabia-halts-travel-to-islams-holiest-site-over-virus%2f2020%2f02%2f26%2fc86ec712-5918-11ea-8efd-0f904bdd8057_story.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2020-09-21 |archivedate=2020-02-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227215249/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/saudi-arabia-halts-travel-to-islams-holiest-site-over-virus/2020/02/26/c86ec712-5918-11ea-8efd-0f904bdd8057_story.html |=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227215249/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/saudi-arabia-halts-travel-to-islams-holiest-site-over-virus/2020/02/26/c86ec712-5918-11ea-8efd-0f904bdd8057_story.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='Unprecedented' Hajj begins -- with 1,000 pilgrims, rather than the usual 2 million|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/hajj-2020-coronavirus-intl/index.html|work=CNN|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=By Jomana Karadsheh and Tamara Qiblawi CNN}}</ref> Janga hilo limesababisha usumbufu mkubwa zaidi kwa kalenda ya michezo duniani kote tangu vita vya dunia ya pili. Matukio makubwa yamekatwa au kuahirishwa, yakiwemo Ligi ya Mabingwa ya UEFA 2019-20, Ligi Kuu 2019-20, UEFA Euro 2020, msimu wa NBA 2019-20, na msimu wa NHL 2019- 20. Mlipuko huo ulivurugu michezo ya Olimpiki ya 2020, ambayo ilikuwa imepangwa kuanza mwishoni mwezi Julai; Kamati ya Olimpiki ya kimataifa ilitangaza tarehe 24 Machi kwamba michezo hiyo "itafanyika tarehe mpya baada ya mwaka 2020 lakini si baada ya majira ya joto 2021".<ref>{{Citation|title=Tokyo 2020 Olympics postponed until 2021|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/52020134|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NHL statement on coronavirus|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/nhl-coronavirus-status/c-316155530|work=NHL.com|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NBA suspends season after Jazz center Rudy Gobert tests positive for coronavirus|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/11/us/nba-season-suspended-spt-trnd/index.html|work=CNN|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=David Close, Amanda Jackson and Jason Hanna CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Premier League coronavirus announcement: 2019/20 season suspended after cases at Chelsea, Arsenal & others|url=https://www.squawka.com/en/premier-league-suspended-coronavirus-liverpool-title/|work=Squawka|date=2020-03-13|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=All of this week's UEFA matches postponed {{!}} Inside UEFA|url=https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/about-uefa/news/025b-0f8e76ab25ae-3c76085ee109-1000--all-of-this-week-s-uefa-matches-postponed/|work=UEFA.com|date=2020-03-15|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en|author=UEFA.com}}</ref> Sekta ya burudani pia imekuwa iliathiriwa, na makundi mengi ya muziki yamesitisha au kufuta ziara ya tamasha. Mashindano ya wimbo wa Eurovision, ambayo yalipangwa kufanyika nchini Uholanzi mwezi Mei, yaliahirishwa hadi mwaka 2021. Thamthilia kubwa kama vile Broadway pia zilisitisha maonyesho yote. Wasanii wengine wametafuta njia mabadala kuendelea kuzalisha na kushiriki kazi yao mtandaoni, kama vile matamasha na sherehe. Pia kuna mizaha mingi na ucheshi kuhusu virusi vya COVID-10 mtandaoni, kama watu wengi watafuta njia za kuvumilia ukosefu wa uhakika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus brings entertainment world to a standstill|url=https://apnews.com/31817b854e28b48fe64844478a3f1889|work=AP NEWS|date=2020-03-12|accessdate=2020-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Broadway theaters to suspend all performances because of coronavirus|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/12/health/broadway-coronavirus-update/index.html|work=CNN|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=Taylor Romine, Eric Levenson and Javi Morgado CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Savage|first=Mark|title=Eurovision Song Contest cancelled over coronavirus|date=2020-03-18|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-51870325|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Social Distancing Festival Is Live Online|url=https://www.austinchronicle.com/daily/arts/2020-03-15/the-social-distancing-festival-is-live-online/|work=www.austinchronicle.com|accessdate=2020-09-11|language=en-US|author=Wayne Alan Brenner, 5:30PM, Sun Mar. 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus memes are spreading as the disease travels across the world — here's what they look like and why creators say they're important|url=https://www.insider.com/coronavirus-memes-people-joking-about-covid-19-to-reduce-stress-2020-3|work=Insider|accessdate=2020-09-11|author=Margot Harris}}</ref> === Siasa === Janga hilo limeathiriwa mifumo ya kisiasa ya nchi nyingi, kuvuruga shughuli za kisheria. Wanasiasa wengi wameambukizwa na kujitenga na wengine wamekufa. Ratiba ya uchaguzi kadhaa imebadilishwa kutokana na hofu ya virusi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Federal government announces aggressive measures to battle COVID-19 as parliament suspended until April|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-parliament-suspended-until-april-due-to-coronavirus-crisis|work=National Post|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-CA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus in the Corridors of Power|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/18/coronavirus-corridors-power-which-world-leaders-have-covid-19/|work=Foreign Policy|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US|author=Darcy Palder, Amy Mackinnon}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Corasaniti|first=Nick|title=16 States Have Postponed Primaries During the Pandemic. Here’s a List.|date=2020-08-10|url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/2020-campaign-primary-calendar-coronavirus.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-21|last2=Saul|first2=Stephanie}}</ref> ==== Uchina ==== Serikali ya Uchina imekosolewa na serikali ya Marekani, Waziri wa ofisi ya Baraza la mawaziri wa Uingereza Michael Gove, na wengine kutokana na utunzaji wao wa janga hilo.<ref>{{Citation|last=Proctor|first=Kate|title=Michael Gove appears to blame China over lack of UK coronavirus testing|date=2020-03-29|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/mar/29/michael-gove-appears-to-blame-china-over-lack-of-uk-coronavirus-testing|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. and China Turn Coronavirus Into a Geopolitical Football|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/11/coronavirus-geopolitics-china-united-states-trump-administration-competing-global-health-response/|work=Foreign Policy|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US|author=Colum Lynch, Robbie Gramer}}</ref>Baadhi ya wasimamizi wa ngazi za majimbo wa chama cha kikomunisti wa Uchina walifukuzwa kwa sababu jinsi walivyosimamia juhudi za karantini huko Uchina ya kati, ishara ya kutoridhika kwa majibu yao ya mlipuko. <ref>{{Cite web|title=China sacked a brace of top officials in Hubei province, likely in a move to protect Xi Jinping from people's anger over the coronavirus outbreak|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/analysis-china-hubei-officials-sacked-xi-jinping-protected-2020-2|work=Business Insider|accessdate=2020-09-21|author=Bill Bostock}}</ref>Baadhi ya wachambuzi waliamini hatua hizi zilikusudiwa kumlinda Waziri Mkuu wa Kichina, Xi Jinping kutoka utata huo. Jumuiya ya upelelezi ya Marekani inasema kwamba serikali ya Uchina haikuripoti idadi sahihi ya kesi za coronavirus kwa maksudi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Barnes|first=Julian E.|title=C.I.A. Hunts for Authentic Virus Totals in China, Dismissing Government Tallies|date=2020-04-16|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/us/politics/cia-coronavirus-china.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref> ==== Marekani ==== Mlipuko huo ulisababisha wito kwa Marekani kuunga sera za kijamii sawa ya nchi nyingine tajiri, zikiwemo huduma za afya kwa kila raia, huduma za watoto wote, msaada wa wagonjwa, na viwango vya juu vya fedha za umma za afya.<ref>{{Citation|last=Miller|first=Claire Cain|title=Could the Pandemic Wind Up Fixing What’s Broken About Work in America?|date=2020-04-11|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/10/upshot/coronavirus-future-work-america.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Five ways the coronavirus could change American politics|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/495761-five-ways-the-coronavirus-could-change-american-politics|work=TheHill|date=2020-05-02|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=Ian Swanson}}</ref>Wachambuzi wa kisiasa walitarajia kwamba hali hiyo pengine ingepunguza nafasi ya Donald Trump kushinda uchaguzi mpya mwezi Novemba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Haberman|first=Maggie|title=Trump’s Re-election Chances Suddenly Look Shakier|date=2020-03-12|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/us/politics/trump-vs-biden.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-21|last2=Martin|first2=Jonathan}}</ref> Kuanzia kati ya Aprili 2020, kulikuwa na maandamano katika majimbo kadhaa ya Marekani dhidi ya ufungaji wa biashara ulioagizwa na serikali na vikwazo vya kusafiri na mawasailiano.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: Anti-lockdown protests grow across US - BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52330531|work=web.archive.org|date=2020-04-17|accessdate=2020-09-21|archivedate=2020-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417172715/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52330531}}</ref> ==== Nchi nyingine ==== Mazoezi ya kijeshi ya NATO ya 2020 yanaohusisha Ujerumani, Poland, na nchi za Baltic, mazoezi makubwa zaidi tangu mwishoni kwa vita baridi, yatafanyika kwa kiwango kidogo zaidi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/how-coronavirus-derailed-the-largest-nato-exercise-in-25-years|work=www.spectator.co.uk|accessdate=2020-09-21}}</ref> Serikali ya Irani imeathiriwa sana na virusi, na wabunge takriban ishirini na nne na wanasiasa wa sasa au zamani kumi na tano waliambukizwa.<ref>{{Citation|last=Cunningham|first=Erin|title=Coronavirus pummels Iran leadership as data show spread is far worse than reported|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/coronavirus-pummels-iran-leadership-as-data-show-spread-is-far-worse-than-reported/2020/03/04/7b1196ae-5c9f-11ea-ac50-18701e14e06d_story.html|work=Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2020-09-21|last2=Bennett|first2=Dalton}}</ref> Rais wa Irani Hassan Rouhani aliwaandikia viongozi wa dunia barua ya umma akiomba msaada tarehe 14 Machi 2020, akisema walikuwa na changamoto kupambana na mlipuko huo kutokana na vikwazo vya Marekani dhidi ya Irani.<ref>{{Citation|last=Staff|first=Reuters|title=U.S. sanctions 'severely hamper' Iran coronavirus fight, Rouhani says|date=2020-03-14|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-iran-idUSKBN2110HL|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref> Saudi Arabia, ambayo ilianza kuingilia kwa kijeshi nchini Yemeni mwezi Machi 2015, ilitangaza kukoma kwa vita.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus Pandemic Forces a Cease-Fire in Yemen|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/09/coronavirus-pandemic-forces-cease-fire-yemen-humanitarian-crisis-saudi-arabia-houthis/|work=Foreign Policy|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US|author=Robbie Gramer, Jack Detsch, Dan Haverty}}</ref> Mahusiano ya kidiplomasia baina ya Japan na Korea Kusini yaliharibika kutokana na janga.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Japan and Korea Won't Let A Pandemic Stop Them Fighting|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/12/japan-and-korea-wont-let-a-pandemic-stop-them-fighting/|work=Foreign Policy|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US|author=William Sposato}}</ref> Korea Kusini iliikosoa Japan kwa sababu "juhudi zao karantini mbaya" baada ya Japani ilitangaza wale wote waliofika kutoka Korea Kusini lazimia waende karantini kwa wiki mbili mahali panapochaguliwa na serikali.<ref>{{Citation|last=Farrer|first=Justin McCurry Martin|title=Coronavirus quarantine plans ignite row between South Korea and Japan|date=2020-03-06|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/coronavirus-quarantine-plans-ignite-row-between-south-korea-and-japan|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref> Mwanzoni wananchi wa Korea Kusini waligawanyika kuhusu majibu ya Rais Moon Jae-in; wengi walipiga saini ama iliyomsifa na pia ama iliyosema aondolewe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How South Korea Lost Control of Its Coronavirus Outbreak|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/how-south-korea-lost-control-of-its-coronavirus-outbreak|work=The New Yorker|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-us|author=Suki Kim}}</ref> Nchi nyingine zimepitisha sheria ya dharura kujibu janga hilo. Baadhi ya wachambuzi wameonyesha wasiwasi kwamba ingeruhusu serikali kuimarisha madaraka yao.<ref>{{Citation|last=Walker|first=Shaun|title=Authoritarian leaders may use Covid-19 crisis to tighten their grip|date=2020-03-31|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/31/coronavirus-is-a-chance-for-authoritarian-leaders-to-tighten-their-grip|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref> Nchini Ufilipino, wabunge walimpa Rais Rodrigo Duterte madaraka za dharura wakati wa janga hilo. Nchini Hungary, wabunge walipiga kura kumruhusu Waziri Mkuu, Viktor Orbán, kutawala kwa kutoa amri kwa muda usiojulikana, kusimamisha bunge pamoja na uchaguzi, na kuwaadhibu wale wanaotuhumiwa kusambaza taarifa za uongo kuhusu virusi na sera za serikali. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Some leaders use pandemic to sharpen tools against critics|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/coronavirus-crisis-excuses-curbs-free-speech-70177977|work=ABC News|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=A. B. C. News}}</ref>Katika baadhi ya nchi, kama vile Misri, Uturuki, na Thailand, wanaharakati wa upinzani na wakosoaji wa serikali wamekamatwa kwa kutuhumiwa kueneza habari ambazo serikali hizo zinadai ni bandia kuhusu janga hilo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asia cracks down on coronavirus 'fake news'|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/coronavirus-asia-cracks-down-on-virus-fake-news|work=The Straits Times|date=2020-04-10|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=hermesauto}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus Has Started a Censorship Pandemic|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/01/coronavirus-censorship-pandemic-disinformation-fake-news-speech-freedom/|work=Foreign Policy|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US|author=Jacob Mchangama, Sarah McLaughlin}}</ref> === Elimu === Janga la coronavirus limeathiri mifumo ya elimu duniani kote, kusababisha ufungaji wa shule, vyuo vikuu na taasisi nyingine za elimu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Education: From disruption to recovery|url=https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse|work=UNESCO|date=2020-03-04|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=https://plus.google.com/+UNESCO}}</ref> Serikali nyingi duniani kote zimefunga taasisi za elimu kwa muda kama jaribio kudhibiti usambazaji wa virusi hivyo. Mnamo 24 Mei 2020, wanafunzi takriban 1,725,000,000 waliathiriwa na kufungwa kwa shule. Kwa mujibu ya shirika la UNICEF, nchi 153 zimetekeleza ufungaji wa nchi nzima na 24 kutekeleza ufungaji wa wenyeji, kuathiri asilimia 98.6 ya idadi ya wanafunzi duniani. Shule za nchi 10 kwa sasa ziko wazi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Education: From disruption to recovery|url=https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse|work=UNESCO|date=2020-03-04|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=https://plus.google.com/+UNESCO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Education: From disruption to recovery|url=https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse|work=UNESCO|date=2020-03-04|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=https://plus.google.com/+UNESCO}}</ref> Tarehe 23 Machi 2020, mitihani ya kimataifa ya Cambridge (CIE) ilitangaza kufutwa mitihani yake. Mitihani ya kimataifa ya Baccalaureate pia imefutwa. Pia mitihani ya AP, SAT, na ACT nchini Marekani imehamisha mtandaoni au kufutwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=May 2020 examinations will no longer be held|url=https://www.ibo.org/news/news-about-the-ib/may-2020-examinations-will-no-longer-be-held/|work=International Baccalaureate®|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref> Kufungwa kwa shule kunaathiri sio wanafunzi tu, lakini pia walimu, na familia. Kuna matokeo makubwa ya kiuchumi na kijamii. Hali hiyo imevutia macho masuala mengi, kwa mfano, madeni ya wanafunzi,<ref>{{Citation|last=Jamerson|first=Josh Mitchell and Joshua|title=Student-Loan Debt Relief Offers Support to an Economy Battered by Coronavirus|date=2020-03-20|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/student-loan-debt-relief-offers-support-to-an-economy-battered-by-coronavirus-11584735842|work=Wall Street Journal|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref> mafunzo ya dijitali,<ref>{{Cite web|title='Clear as mud': schools ask for online learning help as coronavirus policy confusion persists|url=http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/mar/24/clear-as-mud-schools-ask-for-online-learning-help-as-coronavirus-policy-confusion-persists|work=the Guardian|date=2020-03-23|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref> ukosefu wa chakula,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Schools Race To Feed Students Amid Coronavirus Closures|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/03/20/818300504/schools-race-to-feed-students-amid-coronavirus-closures|work=NPR.org|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref> na kukosa makazi,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Homeless students during the coronavirus pandemic: 'We have to make sure they're not forgotten'|url=https://statesville.com/news/education/homeless-students-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic-we-have-to-make-sure-theyre-not-forgotten/article_4b41ed40-43f2-5215-97ce-6040b54de755.html|work=Statesville.com|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=BEN SESSOMS bsessoms@statesville.com}}</ref> pamoja na utunzaji wa watoto,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus Forces Families to Make Painful Childcare Decisions|url=https://time.com/5804176/coronavirus-childcare-nannies/|work=Time|accessdate=2020-09-21}}</ref> huduma za afya, nyumba, mtandao, na huduma za ulemavu. Athari hiyo ilikuwa kali zaidi kwa watoto wasio na mahitaji na familia zao, kuvuruga kujifunza, lishe ya watoto, matatizo ya kiuchumi kwa familia bila ajira.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bao|first=Xue|last2=Qu|first2=Hang|last3=Zhang|first3=Ruixiong|last4=Hogan|first4=Tiffany P.|date=2020/1|title=Modeling Reading Ability Gain in Kindergarten Children during COVID-19 School Closures|url=https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/17/6371|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|language=en|volume=17|issue=17|pages=6371|doi=10.3390/ijerph17176371}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Adverse consequences of school closures|url=https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/consequences|work=UNESCO|date=2020-03-10|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=https://plus.google.com/+UNESCO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=School closures are starting, and they’ll have far-reaching economic impacts|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90476445/school-closures-are-starting-and-theyll-have-far-reaching-economic-impacts|work=Fast Company|date=2020-03-12|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US|author=Jared Lindzon}}</ref> Kujibu kwa kufungwa kwa shule, shirika la UNESCO lilipendekeza matumizi ya mipango ya kujifunza mbali kama mtandaoni na kufungua majukwaa ya elimu ambayo shule na waalimu wanaweza kutumia ili wapunguze usumbufu wa elimu. === Masuala mengine ya afya === Janga hilo limekuwa na athari nyingi za afya duniani zaidi ya zile zinazosababishwa na coronavirus. Limesababisha upungufu wa ziara hospitalini kwa sababu zingine. Kumekuwa na upungufu wa asilimia 38 wa ziara za hospitalini kwa ajili ya dalili za matatizo ya moyo nchini Marekani na asilimia 40 nchini Hispania.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Garcia|first=Santiago|last2=Albaghdadi|first2=Mazen S.|last3=Meraj|first3=Perwaiz M.|last4=Schmidt|first4=Christian|last5=Garberich|first5=Ross|last6=Jaffer|first6=Farouc A.|last7=Dixon|first7=Simon|last8=Rade|first8=Jeffrey J.|last9=Tannenbaum|first9=Mark|date=2020-06-09|title=Reduction in ST-Segment Elevation Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Activations in the United States During COVID-19 Pandemic|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151384/|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|language=en|volume=75|issue=22|pages=2871|doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.011|pmid=32283124}}</ref> Mtaalamu wa moyo huko Chuo Kikuu cha Arizona alisema, "Nina wasiwasi kwamba watu wengi wanakufa nyumbani kwa sababu wana ogopa sana kwenda hospitalini."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Covid phobia keeping people with heart symptoms away from ERs|url=https://www.statnews.com/2020/04/23/coronavirus-phobia-keeping-heart-patients-away-from-er/|work=STAT|date=2020-04-23|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US}}</ref> Pia kuna wasiwasi kwamba watu wenye matatizo ya afya mengine hawachelewi kwenda hospitalini. Upungufu wa vifaa vya matibabu umeathiri watu wenye magonjwa mbalimbali.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Medication Shortages Are the Next Crisis|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/04/medication-shortages-are-next-crisis/610798/|work=The Atlantic|date=2020-04-28|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US|author=Jeremy Samuel Faust}}</ref> Katika nchi kadhaa kumekuwa na upungufu wa magonjwa ya maambukizo ya zinaa, kama vile HIV, kutokana na sera za karantini na kujitenga na mapendekezo ya kutofanya ngono ya kawaida. <ref>{{Cite web|title=U.K. Lockdown Has ‘Broken HIV Chain’ With Huge Reduction In New STI Cases|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiewareham/2020/05/01/uk-lockdown-has-broken-hiv-chain-with-huge-reduction-in-new-sti-cases/|work=Forbes|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=Jamie Wareham}}</ref>Vile vile, katika baadhi ya maeneo, viwango vya maambukizo ya mafua na virusi vingine vimeanguka kwa kiwango kikubwa wakati wa janga hilo. Janga pia limeathiri vibaya afya ya akili duniani kote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Australia sees huge decrease in flu cases due to coronavirus measures|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2242113-australia-sees-huge-decrease-in-flu-cases-due-to-coronavirus-measures/|work=New Scientist|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US|author=Alice Klein}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Weekly U.S. Influenza Surveillance Report {{!}} CDC|url=https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/index.htm|work=www.cdc.gov|date=2020-09-18|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-us}}</ref> === Ubaguzi wa rangi === Tangu mwanzo wa mlipuko huo, kuchochea chuki, ubaguzi, na ubaguzi wa rangi vimeripotiwa duniani kote dhidi ya watu wa Kichina na Asia Mashiriki.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The coronavirus exposes the history of racism and "cleanliness"|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/2/7/21126758/coronavirus-xenophobia-racism-china-asians|work=Vox|date=2020-02-07|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=Nylah Burton}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fears of coronavirus trigger anti-China sentiment worldwide|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/world/2020/09/683_282767.html|work=koreatimes|date=2020-02-02|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref>Taarifa mnamo Februari (kesi nyingi zaidi zilipokuweko Uchina) zilionyesha hisia za ubaguzi kuhusu watu wa Kichina, na ongezeko la wazo la wachina walistahili kupata virusi. <ref>{{Citation|last=Smith|first=Nicola|title=Anti-Chinese racism spikes as virus spreads globally|date=2020-02-01|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/02/01/anti-chinese-racism-spikes-virus-spreads-globally/|work=The Telegraph|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235|access-date=2020-09-21|last2=Torre|first2=Giovanni}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|last=Gorce|first=Tammy La|title=Chinese-Americans, Facing Abuse, Unite to Aid Hospitals in Coronavirus Battle|date=2020-04-10|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/05/nyregion/coronavirus-chinese-americans-supplies.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref>Raia za nchi kadhaa zikiwemo Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Japani, Vietnam, na Korea Kusini walishinikiza serikali zao kupiga marufuku watu wa kichina kuingia nchi zao. Watu wa Kichina na Waasia wengine nchini Uingereza na Marekani wameripoti ongezeko la viwango vya unyanyasaji wa rangi na mashambulizi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Tavernise|first=Sabrina|title=Spit On, Yelled At, Attacked: Chinese-Americans Fear for Their Safety|date=2020-06-02|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/us/chinese-coronavirus-racist-attacks.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-21|last2=Jr|first2=Richard A. Oppel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hunt for racist coronavirus attackers: Police release CCTV after assault|url=https://www.itv.com/news/london/2020-03-04/hunt-for-racist-coronavirus-attackers-police-release-cctv-after-oxford-street-assault|work=ITV News|date=2020-03-04|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref> Kufuatia usambazaji hadi nchi nyingine, watu wanaotoka Italia (nchi ya kwanza huko Ulaya yenye mlipuko mkubwa) walikabiliwa na ubaguzi, na pia watu wanaotoka nchi nyingine zenye kesi nyingi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Nadeau|first=Barbie Latza|title=Italy Shows Just How Crazy Coronavirus Panic Can Get|date=2020-02-29|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/italy-shows-just-how-crazy-coronavirus-panic-can-get|work=The Daily Beast|language=en|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref> Ubaguzi dhidi ya Waislamu nchini India uliongezeka baada ya mamlaka ya afya ya umma ilitambua mkusanyiko wa umisionari wa kiislamu mjini New Delhi mwezi Machi 2020 kama chanzo cha kuenea.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Muslims Are Being Scapegoated for the Coronavirus|url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/04/tablighi-jamaat-india-muslims-coronavirus.html|work=Slate Magazine|date=2020-04-09|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=Namrata Kolachalam}}</ref> Paris imekuwa na ghasia kuhusu jinsi polisi walivyowatendea watu wenye rangi wakati wa ufungaji.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Violence flares in tense Paris suburbs as heavy-handed lockdown stirs ‘explosive cocktail’|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200421-violence-flares-in-tense-paris-suburbs-as-heavy-handed-lockdown-stirs-explosive-cocktail|work=France 24|date=2020-04-21|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref> Ubaguzi wa rangi dhidi ya watu wanaotoka Asia Kusini na Asia Kusini Mashiriki uliongezeka katika mataifa ya Kiarabu. Jamii ya LGBTQ ya Korea Kusini iliwalaumuliwa na watu wengine kwa kuenea virusi hivyo mjini Seoul.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Covid-19 Fueling Anti-Asian Racism and Xenophobia Worldwide|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/12/covid-19-fueling-anti-asian-racism-and-xenophobia-worldwide|work=Human Rights Watch|date=2020-05-12|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Covid-19 Backlash Targets LGBT People in South Korea|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/13/covid-19-backlash-targets-lgbt-people-south-korea|work=Human Rights Watch|date=2020-05-13|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref> Nchini Uchina, ubaguzi wa rangi dhidi ya wakazi wasio Kichina umechochewa na janga hilo, na wageni waliitwa "takataka za kigeni" na walilengwa kwa "utupaji". <ref>{{Cite web|title=After enduring months of lockdown, Africans in China are being targeted and evicted from apartments|url=https://qz.com/africa/1836510/africans-in-china-being-evicted-from-homes-after-lockdown-ends/|work=Quartz Africa|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=Kwasi Gyamfi Asiedu}}</ref>Baadhi ya watu weusi walifukuzwa na polisi kutoka nyumbani kwao na kuambiwa kuondoka Uchina kabla ya masaa 24, kutokana na taarifa za uongo za wageni wakieneza virusi. Ubaguzi wa rangi huko ulikosolewa na serikali za kigeni na kundi la kidiplomasia, hasa serikali za nchi za Afrika, na Uchina iliomba samehe, lakini pia serikali ya Uchina imedai kwamba vyombo vya habari vya kigeni vimetia chumvi matukio hayo ili vionyeshe picha mbaya ya Uchina. Ubaguzi wa rangi dhidi ya watu waAfrika umeendelea. WaAfrika wameondolewa migahawani, madukani, na mahali pengine nchini Uchina.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Beijing faces a diplomatic crisis after reports of mistreatment of Africans in China causes outrage|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/13/asia/china-guangzhou-african-blacklash-hnk-intl/index.html|work=CNN|accessdate=2020-09-21|author=Jenni Marsh CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Akinwotu|first=Jason Burke Emmanuel|title=China fails to stop racism against Africans over Covid-19|date=2020-04-27|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/27/china-fails-to-stop-racism-against-africans-over-covid-19|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-21|last2=Beijing|first2=and Lily Kuo in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=China’s African traders try to move on from Covid-19 racism and business ruin|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3090772/chinas-african-traders-try-move-covid-19-racism-and-business|work=South China Morning Post|date=2020-06-26|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref> === Usambazaji wa habari === Magazeti mengi yameruhusu kusoma makala zote kuhusu virusi hivyo kwa bure mtandaoni, wakati wachapishaji wa kisayansi walifanya upatikanaji karatasi za kisayansi kuhusu mlipuko huo wazi. Baadhi ya wanasayansi walichagua kugawa matokeo yao haraka zaidi kwenye seva za kuchapisha kama vile bioRxiv.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Major Publishers Take Down Paywalls for Coronavirus Coverage|url=https://www.adweek.com/digital/major-publishers-take-down-paywalls-for-coronavirus-coverage/|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus (COVID-19): sharing research data {{!}} Wellcome|url=https://wellcome.org/coronavirus-covid-19/open-data|work=wellcome.org|accessdate=2020-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Coronavirus Research Is Moving at Top Speed—With a Catch|url=https://www.wired.com/story/coronavirus-research-preprint-servers/|work=Wired|language=en-us|issn=1059-1028|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref> ==== Taarifa potofu ==== Janga hilo limesababisha taarifa potofu na taarifa na nadharia za janja kuhusu virusi kama vile asili, kuzuia, utambuzi, na matibabu ya ugonjwa huo.<ref>{{Citation|last=Monitoring|first=B. B. C.|title=China coronavirus: Misinformation spreads online|date=2020-01-30|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-51271037|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Disinformation and coronavirus|url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/disinformation-and-coronavirus|work=www.lowyinstitute.org|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref> Habari za uongo, zikiwemo taarifa kama hizo zilizosambazwa kwa makusudi, zimeenezwa kutumia mtandao ya kijamii, ujumbe, na vyombo vya habari vya serekali za nchi zikiwemo Uchina, Urusi, Irani, na Turkmenistan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Social Media Posts Spread Bogus Coronavirus Conspiracy Theory|url=https://www.factcheck.org/2020/01/social-media-posts-spread-bogus-coronavirus-conspiracy-theory/|work=FactCheck.org|date=2020-01-24|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US|author=Jessica McDonald}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=As the Coronavirus Spreads, Conspiracy Theories Are Going Viral Too|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/14/as-the-coronavirus-spreads-conspiracy-theories-are-going-viral-too/|work=Foreign Policy|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US|author=Elise Thomas}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title='American coronavirus': China pushes propaganda casting doubt on virus origin|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/12/conspiracy-theory-that-coronavirus-originated-in-us-gaining-traction-in-china|work=the Guardian|date=2020-03-13|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|last=Stubbs|first=Raphael Satter, Robin Emmott, Jack|title=China pressured EU to drop COVID disinformation criticism: sources|date=2020-04-25|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-eu-china-idUSKCN227030|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref>Pia habari hizo zimekuwa kueneza kwa operesheni za siri za serikali ili zizalishe hofu nchini nyingine. Katika nchi nyingine, kama vile India, Bangladesh, na Ethiopia, waandishi wa habari wamekamatwa kwa tuhuma za kueneza habari bandia kuhusu janga hilo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Controls to manage fake news in Africa are affecting freedom of expression|url=http://theconversation.com/controls-to-manage-fake-news-in-africa-are-affecting-freedom-of-expression-137808|work=The Conversation|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=Ashwanee Budoo}}</ref> Taarifa potofu zimeenezwa na watu maarufu na wanasiasa.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/apr/08/influencers-being-key-distributors-of-coronavirus-fake-news</ref> Wabiashara wa kudanganya wamedai kuuza vipimo vinavyoweza kutumiwa nyumbani, kinga, na matibabu ya "muujiza". <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/31/coronavirus-covid-19-fake-tests-cures</ref>Makundi kadhaa ya kidini yamedai imani yao itawalinda dhidi ya virusi. <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/16/as-coronavirus-spreads-around-the-world-so-too-do-the-quack-cures</ref>Baadhi ya watu wamedai virusi ni silaha ya kibiolojiki iliyoruhusu kutolewa maabarani kwa ajali au kwa makusudi, mpango wa udhibiti wa idadi ya watu, matokeo ya operesheni ya kijasusi, au matokeo ya jumla ya uboreshaji wa 5G kwenye mitandao ya simu.<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/iran-coronavirus-us-target-country-special-version-covid19-a9417206.html</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51646309</ref> Shirika la afya duniani limetangaza "janga la habari potofu" kuhusu virusi, ambalo linasababisha hatari kwa afya ya kimataifa.<ref>https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/disinformation-and-coronavirus</ref> == Mfululizo wa matukio ya janga la COVID-19 == Makala hii inahusu mfululizo na historia ya SARS-CoV-2, virusi vinavyosababisha COVID-19 vyenye wajibu wa janga la sasa. Kesi za kwanza zilizohusisha binadamu zilitambuliwa mjini Wuhan, Uchina mwezi Desemba 2019.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=From fish market to global pandemic: Key dates in the coronavirus outbreak|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-29/coronavirus-timeline-from-wuhan-china-to-global-crisis/11903298|work=ABC News|date=2020-01-29|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-AU|author=Erin H, ley, wires}}</ref> === Historia ya Janga === Kuanzia mwezi Januari 2020 utafiti wa timu tofauti ulieleza hali ya matibabu na pia kuchambua maendeleo ya virusi hivyo.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Who is 'patient zero' in the coronavirus outbreak? - BBC Future|url=http://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200221-coronavirus-the-harmful-hunt-for-covid-19s-patient-zero|work=web.archive.org|date=2020-02-26|accessdate=2020-09-21|archivedate=2020-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226004038/http://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200221-coronavirus-the-harmful-hunt-for-covid-19s-patient-zero}}</ref> Kesi za mapema zilizotambuliwa na maabara ziligunduliwa baadaye. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Huang|first=Chaolin|last2=Wang|first2=Yeming|last3=Li|first3=Xingwang|last4=Ren|first4=Lili|last5=Zhao|first5=Jianping|last6=Hu|first6=Yi|last7=Zhang|first7=Li|last8=Fan|first8=Guohui|last9=Xu|first9=Jiuyang|date=2020|title=Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159299/|journal=Lancet (London, England)|volume=395|issue=10223|pages=497–506|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5|issn=0140-6736|pmc=7159299|pmid=31986264}}</ref> Kwa ajili ya utafiti mapema, chanzo cha virusi hivyo pengine kiliendeleza mnamo 22-24 Novemba 2019 . Mnamo May 2020 nadharia hiyo ilithibitishwa na takwimu zaidi na mwanzo wa virusi COVID-19 ilitambuliwa mnamo 6 Octoba 2019 hadi 11 Desemba 2019. Pia ushahidi nguvu unaashiria kwamba virusi vilianza katika popo lakini vilienea binadamu kupitisha aina nyingine ya mnyama kutoka popo hadi binadamu. Inawezekana uwezo wa kuenea miongoni kwa binadamu uliendeleza baadaye. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19)|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|work=www.who.int|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) – World Health Organization|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019|work=www.who.int|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Li|first=Xingguang|last2=Zai|first2=Junjie|last3=Zhao|first3=Qiang|last4=Nie|first4=Qing|last5=Li|first5=Yi|last6=Foley|first6=Brian T.|last7=Chaillon|first7=Antoine|date=2020-03-11|title=Evolutionary history, potential intermediate animal host, and cross‐species analyses of SARS‐CoV‐2|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7228310/|journal=Journal of Medical Virology|doi=10.1002/jmv.25731|issn=0146-6615|pmc=7228310|pmid=32104911}}</ref> ==== 17 Novemba 2019 ==== Kwa ajili ya utafiti uliofanywa baadaye, mgonjwa wa kwanza aliambukizwa na COVID-19, ingawa ugonjwa huo umekuwa haujatambulishwa.  Aliishi jimbo la Hubei, Uchina.<ref name=":5" /> ==== 1 Desemba ==== Utafiti unaonyesha kwamba dalili za “Mgonjwa Sifuri” au mgonjwa wa kwanza zilianza tarehe 1 Desemba. Yeye alikuwa mwanamume na hakuenda Soko la Samaki mjini Wuhan na familia yake haikuathiriwa na hakuwa na uhusiano baina yake na kesi nyingine. Baadaye ilithibitishwa kwamba alikuwa na miaka sabini, alikuwa na ugonjwa wa Alzheimer na aliishi mbali kutoka sokoni na kwa kawaida hakuondoka nyumbani.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Huang|first=Chaolin|last2=Wang|first2=Yeming|last3=Li|first3=Xingwang|last4=Ren|first4=Lili|last5=Zhao|first5=Jianping|last6=Hu|first6=Yi|last7=Zhang|first7=Li|last8=Fan|first8=Guohui|last9=Xu|first9=Jiuyang|date=2020|title=Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159299/|journal=Lancet (London, England)|volume=395|issue=10223|pages=497–506|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5|issn=0140-6736|pmc=7159299|pmid=31986264}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Who is 'patient zero' in the coronavirus outbreak? - BBC Future|url=http://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200221-coronavirus-the-harmful-hunt-for-covid-19s-patient-zero|work=web.archive.org|date=2020-02-26|accessdate=2020-09-21|archivedate=2020-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226004038/http://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200221-coronavirus-the-harmful-hunt-for-covid-19s-patient-zero}}</ref> ==== 16 Desemba ==== Watu wa kwanza wenye virusi hivyo walilazwa hospitalini tarehe 16 Desemba. Wazee wawili wenye homa na kohoa walienda hospitalini Hubei Provincial. Mkuu wa matibatu ya kupumua Dk Zhang Jixian aliyewatiba alitambua ugonjwa wao kama pengine mafua au nimonia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Huang|first=Chaolin|last2=Wang|first2=Yeming|last3=Li|first3=Xingwang|last4=Ren|first4=Lili|last5=Zhao|first5=Jianping|last6=Hu|first6=Yi|last7=Zhang|first7=Li|last8=Fan|first8=Guohui|last9=Xu|first9=Jiuyang|date=2020|title=Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159299/|journal=Lancet (London, England)|volume=395|issue=10223|pages=497–506|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5|issn=0140-6736|pmc=7159299|pmid=31986264}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Xinhua Headlines: Chinese doctor recalls first encounter with mysterious virus - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-04/16/c_138982435.htm|work=www.xinhuanet.com|accessdate=2020-09-21|archivedate=2020-04-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423140325/https://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-04/16/c_138982435.htm}}</ref> ==== 24 Desemba ==== Sampuli ya mate ya kifua ilitumia maabara Vision Medicals kutoka Hospitali Wuhan Central kwa uchambuzi wa kijenetiki. <ref>{{Cite web|title=独家{{!}}新冠病毒基因测序溯源：警报是何时拉响的_政经频道_财新网|url=http://china.caixin.com/2020-02-26/101520972.html|work=web.archive.org|date=2020-02-27|accessdate=2020-09-21|archivedate=2020-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227094018/http://china.caixin.com/2020-02-26/101520972.html}}</ref> ==== 27 Desemba ==== Baada ya kuangalia picha za CT za wazee hazikuwa kwaida, Dk Jixian alimwuliza mvulana wa wazee hao kupata CT na matokeo yalikuwa sawa. Jixian alifanya kazi kuhusu janga la SARS na alituhuma kulikuwa na mlipuko mengine wa maambukizo hayo. Mgonjwa mwengine, mfanyabiashara katika soko la samaki mjini Wuhan, alifikia hospitalini siku hiyo hiyo mwenye dalili sawa. Damu za wagonjwa wote zilipimwa na matokeo yanaonyesha walikuwa na aina ya virusi lakini sio mafua. Dk Jixian aliwaripotia wakuu wake na aliweka sehemu ya karantini. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ringing the alarm - Global Times|url=https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1178756.shtml|work=www.globaltimes.cn|accessdate=2020-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Xinhua Headlines: Chinese doctor recalls first encounter with mysterious virus - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-04/16/c_138982435.htm|work=www.xinhuanet.com|accessdate=2020-09-21|archivedate=2020-04-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423140325/https://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-04/16/c_138982435.htm}}</ref> Hospitali ya Wuhan Central alipata ujumbe kutoka maabara Vision Medicals ukisema kwamba sampuli tarehe 24 Desemba ilikuwa na aina mpya ya coronavirus.  Mgonjwa huyo aliwekwa karantini. Pia huko hospitali ya Wuhan Central, sampuli nyingine ilikusanyika kutoka mgonjwa mwengine mwenye ugonjwa usiojulikana na sampuli hiyo ilitumia maabara CapitalBio Medlab mjini Beijing. <ref>{{Citation|title=Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019|date=2020-09-21|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019&oldid=979575742|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=独家{{!}}新冠病毒基因测序溯源：警报是何时拉响的_政经频道_财新网|url=http://china.caixin.com/2020-02-26/101520972.html|work=web.archive.org|date=2020-02-27|accessdate=2020-09-21|archivedate=2020-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227094018/http://china.caixin.com/2020-02-26/101520972.html}}</ref> ==== 29 Desemba ==== Siku hiyo na jana kesi tatu zilifikia hospitalini Hubei Provincial, zote zilizohusiana na soko la samaki. Mamlaka ya afya ilikuwa imejulishwa na wataalamu wa magonjwa ya maambukizo walikuja kutoka hospitali Wuhan Central ili wawahamishe wagonjwa sita wa saba. Dk Jixian aliamua kuwaruhusu wafanyakazi wa matibabu katika idara yake kuvaa barakoa na aliagiza makoti ya kinga. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Xinhua Headlines: Chinese doctor recalls first encounter with mysterious virus - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-04/16/c_138982435.htm|work=www.xinhuanet.com|accessdate=2020-09-21|archivedate=2020-04-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423140325/https://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-04/16/c_138982435.htm}}</ref> Wakuu wa hospitali ya Hubei Provincial walikutana na jupo la madaktari ambao walimaliza kwamba kesi hizo hazikuwa kawaida na kuhitajika mwangalizi maalum na pia, kwa sababu walikuwa wamejifunza juu ya kesi mbili nyingine mjini, waliamua kuripoti hitimisho zao mamlaka ya afya ya mji na jimbo. <ref>{{Citation|title=Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019|date=2020-09-21|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019&oldid=979575742|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=她最早发现新冠肺炎疫情苗头 第一时间上报可疑病例-中工民生-中工网|url=http://society.workercn.cn/32851/202002/08/200208073540988.shtml|work=society.workercn.cn|accessdate=2020-09-21}}</ref> ==== 30 Desemba ==== Hospitali ya Wuhan Central ilipokea ripoti kutoka maabara ya CapitalBio Medlab iliyodai kesi ya SARS. Kwa mujibu ya mtandao ya kijamii, matokeo hayo yaligunduliwa si kweli baadaye. Madaktari kadhaa wakiwemo Dk Ai Fen waliweka matokeo ya kipimo mtandaoni kwa kijamii kwa wenzao, wakiwemo Dk Li Wenliang. <ref>{{Cite web|title=独家{{!}}新冠病毒基因测序溯源：警报是何时拉响的_政经频道_财新网|url=http://china.caixin.com/2020-02-26/101520972.html|work=web.archive.org|date=2020-02-27|accessdate=2020-09-21|archivedate=2020-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227094018/http://china.caixin.com/2020-02-26/101520972.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=独家{{!}}新冠病毒基因测序溯源：警报是何时拉响的_政经频道_财新网|url=http://china.caixin.com/2020-02-26/101520972.html|work=web.archive.org|date=2020-02-27|accessdate=2020-09-21|archivedate=2020-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227094018/http://china.caixin.com/2020-02-26/101520972.html}}</ref> ===== Ujumbe rasmi wa kwanza ===== Tume ya afya ya mji wa Wuhan ilitumia taasisi zake ujumbe: <ref>{{Cite web|title=Promed Post – ProMED-mail|url=https://promedmail.org/promed-post/|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US}}</ref> Madaktari wanaosimamia watekeleze udhibiti na kuanzisha timu maalum. Wafanyakazi wote wakae macho, hasa kuangalia wagonjwa wenye dalili kama zile za numonia inayoambukiza. Ni lazima takwimu zikusanyike kwa kawaida na kutumia tume ya afya ya Wuhan na jimbo la Hubei. Takwimu za wiki iliyopita, kuhusu wagonjwa wenye dalili za numonia inayoambukiza, zitumie tume ya afya ya Wuhan kabla ya saa kumi jioni siku hiyo hiyo. Bila ruhusu kutoka mamlaka hakuna mtu ye yote anayeruhusiwa kueneza habari juu ya matibabu.  ==== 31 Desemba ==== ===== Ujumbe wa umma wa kwanza ===== Tume ya afya ya Wuhan ilijulisha jamii juu ya ishara mapema za mlipuko wa numonia. Ujumbe huo unatoa picha ya tahadhari; ulijumuisha maagizo ya siku iliyopita kwa hospitali za mji; ulitia mkazo utafiti ulioendelea na kutafuta matibabu ambapo kulikuwa na dalili za numonia; na ulishauri umma kuvaa barakoa na kuepuka mahali ndani pa umma penye watu wengi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉市卫生健康委员会|url=http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2019123108989|work=web.archive.org|date=2020-01-09|accessdate=2020-09-21|archivedate=2020-01-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109215413/http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2019123108989}}</ref> Mnamo siku hiyo, kulikuwa na kesi 266 huko jimbo la Hubei. <ref>{{Cite web|title=27 cases of viral pneumonia reported in central China's Wuhan City|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2019-12-31/Authorities-begin-testing-after-pneumonia-cases-in-central-China-MRPvtFbCve/index.html|work=news.cgtn.com|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|archivedate=2020-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310153851/https://news.cgtn.com/news/2019-12-31/Authorities-begin-testing-after-pneumonia-cases-in-central-China-MRPvtFbCve/index.html}}</ref> Qu Shiqan, mwuzaji sokoni kwa samaki, alisema kwamba maofisa ya serikali walisafisha mahali hapo terehe 31 Desemba na waliwaambia wauzaji wavae barakoa. Qu alisema kwamba alijifunza juu ya mlipuko wa numonia kutoka ripoti za vyombo vya habari tu. “Awali nilifikiri kwamba walikuwa na mafua,” alisema. “Si kali sana. Sisi tunauza samaki. Tunaweza kuambukizwa vipi?” Wachambuzi wengi walisema baadaye kwamba kusafisha sokoni kuliharibu ushahidi muhimu uliohitajika kugundua asili ya COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hong Kong takes emergency steps as mystery ‘pneumonia’ infects 27 in Wuhan|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3044050/mystery-illness-hits-chinas-wuhan-city-nearly-30-hospitalised|work=South China Morning Post|date=2019-12-31|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref> Dk Li Wenliang aliyesimamia idara ya dharura ya hospitali Wuhan Central alikabiliwa na maofisa ya usalama mjini Wuhan kwa sababu alichapisha habari za ugonjwa mtandaoni kwa kijamii. Walimwonya akome “kueneza uongo.” <ref>{{Cite web|title=独家{{!}}新冠病毒基因测序溯源：警报是何时拉响的_政经频道_财新网|url=http://china.caixin.com/2020-02-26/101520972.html|work=web.archive.org|date=2020-02-27|accessdate=2020-09-21|archivedate=2020-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227094018/http://china.caixin.com/2020-02-26/101520972.html}}</ref> Kwa mujibu ya kituo cha afya cha serikali ya Hong Kong, hatua mbalimbali kuangalia na kudhibiti mipaka zilianza, zikiwemo uangalizi wa joto. <ref>{{Cite web|title=CHP closely monitors cluster of pneumonia cases on Mainland|url=https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201912/31/P2019123100667.htm|work=www.info.gov.hk|accessdate=2020-09-21}}</ref> Tume ya afya ya Wuhan ilitumia taasisi zake ujumbe kwenye karatasi wenye mwongozo wa kukabiliana na mlipuko wa numonia unaowezekana. Siku hiyo hiyo nakala mbili pia ziliwekwa mtandaoni kwa kijamii Weibo.  <ref>{{Cite web|title=[新闻直播间]湖北武汉发现不明原因肺炎 国家卫健委专家组已抵达武汉_CCTV节目官网-CCTV-13_央视网(cctv.com)|url=http://tv.cctv.com/2019/12/31/VIDE9N8qRty36PkLirFVxMW6191231.shtml|work=tv.cctv.com|accessdate=2020-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Promed Post – ProMED-mail|url=https://promedmail.org/promed-post/|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US}}</ref> Ofisi ya shirika la WHO mjini Beijing ilijulishwa juu ya “aina ya numonia yenye sababu isiyojulikana” ambayo iligunduliwa mjini Wuhan. <ref>{{Citation|last=Borger|first=Julian|title=Caught in a superpower struggle: the inside story of the WHO's response to coronavirus|date=2020-04-18|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/18/caught-in-a-superpower-struggle-the-inside-story-of-the-whos-response-to-coronavirus|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref> Vyombo vya habari vya kimataifa Reuters na Deutsche Welle vilipata habari hiyo na pia gazeti la South China Morning Post huko Hong Kong: Hong Kong ichukua hatua za dharura kama numonia ya fumbo iwaambukiza watu 27 Wuhan <ref>{{Cite web|title=Hong Kong takes emergency steps as mystery ‘pneumonia’ infects 27 in Wuhan|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3044050/mystery-illness-hits-chinas-wuhan-city-nearly-30-hospitalised|work=South China Morning Post|date=2019-12-31|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref> Uchina ichunguza virusi kama SARS kama wagonjwa wengi waathiri <ref>{{Cite web|title=China investigates SARS-like virus as dozens struck by pneumonia {{!}} DW {{!}} 31.12.2019|url=https://www.dw.com/en/china-investigates-sars-like-virus-as-dozens-struck-by-pneumonia/a-51843861|work=DW.COM|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-GB|author=Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com)}}</ref> Maofisa wa Uchina wachunguza mlipuko wa numonia Wuhan <ref>{{Citation|last=Staff|first=Reuters|title=Chinese officials investigate cause of pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan|date=2019-12-31|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-pneumonia-idUSKBN1YZ0GP|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref> ==== 1 Januari 2020 ==== Dk Ai alionywa na wakuu wake kwa sababu aliwaambia wenzake juu ya virusi vipya.  <ref name=":1" /> ==== 3 Januari ==== Uchina iliambia rasmi Marekani juu ya virusi hivyo na ilianza kulipa shirika la WHO habari kila siku. <ref>{{Citation|last=Shear|first=Michael D.|title=The Lost Month: How a Failure to Test Blinded the U.S. to Covid-19|date=2020-04-01|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/28/us/testing-coronavirus-pandemic.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-21|last2=Goodnough|first2=Abby|last3=Kaplan|first3=Sheila|last4=Fink|first4=Sheri|last5=Thomas|first5=Katie|last6=Weiland|first6=Noah}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|last=Harris|first=Shane|title=U.S. intelligence reports from January and February warned about a likely pandemic|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/us-intelligence-reports-from-january-and-february-warned-about-a-likely-pandemic/2020/03/20/299d8cda-6ad5-11ea-b5f1-a5a804158597_story.html|work=Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2020-09-21|last2=Miller|first2=Greg|last3=Dawsey|first3=Josh|last4=Nakashima|first4=Ellen}}</ref> Tume ya afya ya kitaifa ya Uchina iliagiza taasisi mjini Wuhan zisichapishe habari zo zote kuhusu virusi hivyo na ziangamize sampuli za ugonjwa huo.<ref name=":1" /> Dk Li alionywa na polisi kukoma kueneza habari kuhusu virusi hivyo.  <ref>{{Citation|last=Hegarty|first=Stephanie|title=The Chinese doctor who tried to warn about coronavirus|date=2020-02-06|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51364382|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref> ==== 6 Januari ==== Serikali ya Marekani ilitolea Uchina timu ya wataalamu wazuri wa magonjwa ya maambukizo ili wasaidie.  Uchina ilikataa. <ref name=":1" /> ==== 9 Januari ==== Uchina ilitangaza kwamba wanasayansi wa kiChina wamemaliza uchambuzi wa kijenetiki wa COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Chinese scientists identify the 'Wuhan Virus'. Screening continues on Thai-bound flights.|url=https://thethaiger.com/hot-news/tourism/chinese-scientists-identify-the-wuhan-virus-screening-continues-on-thai-bound-flights|work=The Thaiger|date=2020-01-09|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-TH|author=The Thaiger}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=China releases genetic data on new coronavirus, now deadly|url=https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/01/china-releases-genetic-data-new-coronavirus-now-deadly|work=CIDRAP|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=Lisa Schnirring {{!}} News Editor {{!}} CIDRAP News {{!}} Jan 11, 2020}}</ref> ==== 14 Januari ==== Katika mkutano siri wa maofisa wa Uchina, mkuu wa tume ya afya kitaifa alisema kwamba hali hiyo ilikuwa “changamoto kali zaidi tangu SARS.”<ref>{{Cite web|title=China didn't warn public of likely pandemic for 6 key days|url=https://apnews.com/68a9e1b91de4ffc166acd6012d82c2f9|work=AP NEWS|date=2020-04-15|accessdate=2020-09-21}}</ref> Shirika la WHO lilirudia habari kutoka Uchina kwamba virusi hivyo havienei miongoni mwa binadamu.  <ref name=":4" /> ==== 20 Januari ==== Mkuu wa Uchina Xi Jinping alijadili virusi hivyo kwa umma kwa mara ya kwanza.  <ref>{{Cite web|title=Chinese premier stresses curbing viral pneumonia epidemic|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202001/21/WS5e26556ca31012821727269c.html|work=www.chinadaily.com.cn|accessdate=2020-09-21|author=郭凯}}</ref> Katika hoja na vyombo vya habari vya serikali, Dk Zhong Nanshan alithibitisha virusi hivyo vinaweza kuenea miongoni mwa binadamu. <ref>{{Citation|last=Kuo|first=Lily|title=China confirms human-to-human transmission of coronavirus|date=2020-01-21|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/20/coronavirus-spreads-to-beijing-as-china-confirms-new-cases|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref> Korea Kusini na Marekani zilithibitisha kesi zao za kwanza. <ref>{{Cite web|title=S. Korea reports 1st confirmed case of China coronavirus|url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200120004500320|work=Yonhap News Agency|date=2020-01-20|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en|author=박상수}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Shear|first=Michael D.|title=The Lost Month: How a Failure to Test Blinded the U.S. to Covid-19|date=2020-04-01|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/28/us/testing-coronavirus-pandemic.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2020-09-21|last2=Goodnough|first2=Abby|last3=Kaplan|first3=Sheila|last4=Fink|first4=Sheri|last5=Thomas|first5=Katie|last6=Weiland|first6=Noah}}</ref> ==== 23 Januari ==== Mji yote ya Wuhan iliwekwa ufungaji au karantini kwa siku 72. Siku ijayo serikali ya Uchina ilipiga marufuku za usafiri kuingia na kuondoka jimbo la Hubei. <ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Chinazzi|first=Matteo|last2=Davis|first2=Jessica T.|last3=Ajelli|first3=Marco|last4=Gioannini|first4=Corrado|last5=Litvinova|first5=Maria|last6=Merler|first6=Stefano|last7=Piontti|first7=Ana Pastore y|last8=Mu|first8=Kunpeng|last9=Rossi|first9=Luca|date=2020-04-24|title=The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7164386/|journal=Science (New York, N.y.)|language=en|volume=368|issue=6489|pages=395|doi=10.1126/science.aba9757|pmid=32144116}}</ref> ==== 24 Januari ==== Ufaransa ilithibitisha kesi yake ya kwanza, lakini baadaye iligunduliwa kwamba kulikuwa na kesi nyingine tarehe 27 Desemba 2019 nchini Ufaransa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=France declares first two confirmed cases of coronavirus|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20200124190017-e8ycd/|work=news.trust.org|accessdate=2020-09-21|author=Thomson Reuters Foundation}}</ref> ==== 27 Januari ==== Serikali ya Uchina ilipiga marufuku za usafiri wa makundi ya watu kwenda nchi nyingine. <ref name=":6" /> Meya wa Wuhan alisema kwamba hakuweza kutoa taarifa juu ya hali halisi mapema zaidi kutokana na mfumo wa kisiasa wa Uchina.  “Serikali ya kienyeji hairuhusiwi kufanya hivyo bila ruhusu kutoka serikali ya kitaifa,” alisema. <ref>{{Citation|last=Chin|first=Josh|title=Wuhan Mayor Says Beijing Rules Partially Responsible for Lack of Transparency|date=2020-01-28|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-premier-tours-virus-epicenter-as-anger-bubbles-at-crisis-response-11580109098|work=Wall Street Journal|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref> ==== 30 Januari ==== Shirika la WHO lilitangaza Coronavirus vilikuwa dharura ya afya ya kimataifa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)|work=www.who.int|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref> ==== 31 Januari ==== Rais Trump wa Marekani alipiga marufuku za usafiri kutoka Uchina isipokuwa Wamarekani.  <ref name=":3" /> Uingereza na Urusi zilithibitisha kesi zao za kwanza za COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Federal quarantine order issued for 195 Americans who returned from China|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2020/01/31/coronavirus-symptoms-britain-russia-who-wuhan-emergency/4620574002/|work=USA TODAY|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US|author=Doug Stanglin}}</ref> ==== 6 February ==== Mtu wa kwanza nchini Marekani alikufa kutokana na COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First known U.S. coronavirus death occurred on Feb. 6 in Santa Clara County|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/health/article/First-known-U-S-coronavirus-death-occurred-on-15217316.php|work=SFChronicle.com|date=2020-04-22|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en-US|author=Matt Kawahara}}</ref> ==== 7 Februari ==== Dk Li alikufa kutokana na COVID-19. <ref name=":1" /> ==== 19 Februari ==== Irani ilithibitisha vifo vyake ya kwanza kutokana na COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Two die of coronavirus in Iran, first fatalities in Middle East|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/die-coronavirus-iran-fatalities-middle-east-200219171007605.html|work=www.aljazeera.com|accessdate=2020-09-21}}</ref> ==== 13 Machi ==== Rais Trump wa Marekani alitangaza hali ya dharura ya kitaifa. <ref name=":3" /> ==== 19 Machi ==== Italia ilikuwa nchi yenye vifo vingi zaidi duniani kutokana na COVID-19. ==== 26 Machi ==== Marekani ilikuwa nchi yenye kesi zilisothibitishwa nyingi zaidi duniani. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: Number of COVID-19 deaths in Italy surpasses China as total reaches 3,405|url=https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-number-of-covid-19-deaths-in-italy-surpasses-china-as-total-reaches-3-405-11960412|work=Sky News|accessdate=2020-09-21|language=en}}</ref> ==== 17 Aprili ==== Serikali ya Uchina ilikiri kwamba kulikuwa na vifo vingi zaidi mjini Wuhan kuliko hivyo vilivyoripotiwa.  Serikali iliongeza idadi ya vifo kwa 50%. <ref name=":1" /> ==== 19 Aprili ==== Serikali ya Australia ilidai uchunguzi huru wa asili ya janga hilo. Baadaye zaidi ya nchi 100 ziliunga mkono hatua hiyo.  <ref name=":1" /> ==== 17 Aprili ==== Uchina iliita hatua hiyo ni “hatari” na ilitisha kulipiza kisasi cha kiuchumi kwa nchi zilizounga mkono. Lakini baadaye Uchina ilikubali kushirikiana na uchunguzi huo. <ref name=":1" /> === Ufupisho === Utafiti wa kihistoria unaamini kwamba SARS-CoV-2 viliendeleza mwezi Novemba. Ufahamu wa kisayansi wa aina mpya ya SARS coronavirus ulifanyika maabarani Vision Medicals jimbo la Guangzhou mnamo 24-27 Desemba 2019.  Ufahamu wa kikliniki wa janga linalokuja lilianza hospitalini Hubei Provincial karibu na wakati huo huo mnamo 27-29 Desemba. Tarehe 31 Desemba mamlaka ya afya ya Wuhan ilitoa takwimu ya kesi.  Wachambuzi wengi nchini nyingi wamedai Uchina kwa kuchelewa habari za virusi hivyo na kujaribu kuficha ukali wa virusi hivyo baada ya ilikuwa wazi kwamba kulikuwa na aina mpya ya virusi vilivyosambaa kwa rahisi.  <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> == Picha == <gallery> File:COVID-19 vaccination Seychelles.jpg File:Covid-19 vaccination Seychelles.jpg File:COVID Vaccine (50745583447).jpg File:Victoria_mask_dummies_jeh.jpg File:2020-06-27-Deep-East-Oakland-BLM-Rally1,123_(50052378806).jpg File:DSC 0958 (50284109072).jpg File:Fphar-11-00937-g001.jpg File:Infektionsschutzzentrum im Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum, Köln-6313 (cropped).jpg File:MTA Deploys ‘Temperature Brigade,' Testing Heroic Frontline Employees (49754126983).jpg </gallery> ==Tazama pia== * [[Ugonjwa wa corona Kenya 2020]] * [[Ugonjwa wa corona Tanzania 2020]] * [[Athari ya pandemia ya Korona 2019-20 kwa mazingira]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist|3}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commonscat|COVID-19 pandemic}} * [https://www.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6 Casos globales por Coronavirus COVID-19] {{en}}, kutoka Kituo cha Sayansi na Uhandisi wa Mifumo katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Johns Hopkins]]. *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/ ] *[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=covid-19 COVI-19 Pubmed] (Nakala 118,301 kufikia Machi 31, 2021) *[https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/whats-new/ Habari katika matibabu] *[https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapeutic-management/ Usimamizi wa matibabu ya watu wazima walio na COVID-19] * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7958099/ Ratiba ya ufahamu wa kinga] [[Jamii:2020]] [[Jamii:Virusi]] [[Jamii:1Lib1Ref2020 Tanzania]] [[Jamii:COVID-19]] j3d0qt14dutk14960ojpmbxsusms5sg 0 132535 1236635 1149859 2022-07-29T14:16:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eutiki wa Roma''' (alifariki [[Roma]], [[karne ya 4]] hivi) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] wa [[Roma ya Kale]] aliyeuawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yake <ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/39510</ref>. Kwanza alizuiwa [[muda]] mrefu asipate [[chakula]] wala [[usingizi]], halafu akatupwa gemani. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakristo]] wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[4 Februari]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Watu wa Roma ya Kale]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] fgfunsuwes0wiv9nj9zt0j5abgjvo4n 0 132588 1236639 1150219 2022-07-29T14:24:06Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (alifariki [[Troyes]], leo nchini [[Ufaransa]], [[4 Februari]] [[538]]) alikuwa [[padri]] halafu [[abati]] baada ya kufanya kazi kubwa ya kukomboa [[watumwa]]<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92200</ref>. Anasemekana alikuwa chini ya [[Lupo wa Troyes]]. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[4 Februari]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 5]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 538]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Jamii:Wamonaki]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Ufaransa]] cvpl0po36bbi4kghv8j1qy8aweu3ym5 0 132590 1236646 1150224 2022-07-29T14:37:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:GilbertSempringham.jpg|thumb|Mt. Gilberti.]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ([[Sempringham]], karibu na [[Bourne]], [[Uingereza]], [[1083]] hivi -Sempringham, [[4 Februari]] [[1189]]) alikuwa [[padri]] halafu [[abati]] wa [[Umonaki|shirika la kimonaki]] alilolianzisha kwa idhini ya [[Papa Eujeni III]], la pekee kuanzishwa nchini, likiwa na [[mkleri|waklero]] waliofuata [[kanuni]] ya [[Augustino wa Hippo|Mt. Augustino]] na [[wanawake]] waliofuata ile ya [[Benedikto wa Nursia|Mt. Benedikto]] <ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/39550</ref>. Alitangazwa na [[Papa Inosenti III]] kuwa [[mtakatifu]] [[tarehe]] [[11 Februari]] [[1202]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[4 Februari]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} == Marejeo == * Iredale, Eric W., Sempringham and Saint Gilbert and the Gilbertines. (1992. ISBN 0-9519662-0-0. (Includes Capgrave, John, The Life of St Gilbert.) * Müller, Anne, "Entcharismatisierung als Geltungsgrund? Gilbert von Sempringham und der frühe Gilbertinerorden," in Giancarlo Andenna / Mirko Breitenstein / Gert Melville (eds.), ''Charisma und religiöse Gemeinschaften im Mittelalter. Akten des 3. Internationalen Kongresses des "Italienisch-deutschen Zentrums für Vergleichende Ordensgeschichte"'' (Münster u.a., LIT, 2005) (Vita regularis. Ordnungen und Deutungen religiosen Lebens im Mittelalter, 26), 151–172. * Gabriele Obletter, ''Santi, beati e morti in fama di santità delle diocesi di Chieti e Vasto'', [[Teramo]], La Fiorita, 1924. * Guido Pettinati, ''I Santi canonizzati del giorno'', vol. II, [[Udine]], ed. Segno, 1991, pp.&nbsp;85–88. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1083]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1189]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Jamii:Wamonaki]] [[Jamii:Watawa waanzilishi]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Uingereza]] 0tpz1f7km4uje07xalzw1k5n6x46ohp 0 135357 1236770 1188811 2022-07-30T05:32:59Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 /* Vitabu vya Fasihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Joan.jpg|thumb|Joan Helene Hambidge]] '''Joan Helene Hambidge''' (alizaliwa [[Aliwal North]], [[Afrika Kusini]], [[11 Septemba]] [[1956]]) ni [[mshairi]] mahiri wa [[Kiafrikaans|Kiafrikana]] na msomi wa [[Nadharia|nadharia]] ya [[fasihi]]. Yeye anajulikana kama mkosoaji na ni maarufu kwa mtindo wake wa "out-of-the-closet" . Michango yake ya kinadharia inahusu hasa ''Roland Barthes'', ''deconstruction'', ''postmodernism'', ''psychoanalysis'' and [[metaphysics]]. ==Wasifu== Hambidge alisoma vyuo vikuu vya ''Stellenbosch'' na ''Pretoria''. Alitunukiwa [[tuzo]] ya heshima ya udaktari [[André Brink|André P. Brink]] katika Chuo kikuu cha Rhodes mnamo mwaka [[1985]]. Tuzo ya pili ya udaktari aliipata chuo kikuu cha [[University of Cape Town]], 2001.<ref name=LitNet2008>{{cite journal |last1=Scholtz |first1=Hettie |date=29 May 2008 |title=Joan Hambidge (1956) |url=http://www.litnet.co.za/cgi-bin/giga.cgi?cmd=cause_dir_news_item&cause_id=1270&news_id=46159&cat_id=667 |journal=Litnet |access-date=2021-05-06 |archive-date=2011-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526183447/http://www.litnet.co.za/cgi-bin/giga.cgi?cmd=cause_dir_news_item&cause_id=1270&news_id=46159&cat_id=667 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Ingawa Hambidge anasema aligundua kipaji chake cha uandishi alipokua mdogo, na alipokuwa mkufunzi chuo kikuu cha ''University of the North'', ''Limpopo Province'', kipaji chake kilikua zaidi. Alishinda tuzo ya ''Eugène Marais Prize for literature'' kutokana na kitabu chake cha pili cha fasihi. ''Bitterlemoene'' ("Bitter Oranges"), in 1986.<ref name=LitNet2008 /> Tuzo iyo ilikua ni moja ya tuzo inayofwatiliwa zaidi Afrika. Pia alishinda tuzo ''yaLitera Prizena'' pia tuzo ya ''Poetry Institute of Africa Prize'' kutokana na fasihi zake.<ref name=LitNet2008 /> Kwa sasa ni Mkufunzi katika shule ya lugha na fasihi chuo kikuu cha University of Cape Town. ===Kazi zake kuu=== Ingawa anaandika Kiafrikana, Hambidge ametafsiri mashairi yake kadhaa kwa Kiingereza. Tafsiri zingine zimefanywa na Jo Nel, mshairi mwenzake na rafiki wa karibu Johann de Lange, na Charl Cilliers (mwandishi) | Charl JF Cilliers. Kazi yake imechapishwa [[Uholanzi]] na Uingereza na vile vile nchini Merika. Baada ya kuchapisha vitabu 26 vya mashairi hadi 2016 yeye ndiye mshairi mahiri zaidi wa Kiafrikana. Hambidge anavutiwa na fasihi yani literary theory hasa psychoanalysis na metafiction) Anafananisha na hadithi zake za uongo. Anafanya kazi mbalimbali za nadharia na vitendo, ''Judaskus''<ref>{{cite book| language=af | title=Die Houtbeen van St Sergius: Opstelle oor Afrikaanse romans | author=Chris van der Merwe | publisher=African Sun Media | year=2014 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o3MRAwAAQBAJ&q=Joan+Hambidge+++Barthes&pg=PA55 | page=55| isbn=9781920689179 }}</ref> ("Judas kiss", 1998) and "Kladboek" (2008). She has also published two theoretical works: ''Postmodernisme'' (1995),<ref name=LitNet2008 /> about Roland Barthes, deconstruction and post-modernism, and ''Psigoanalise en lees'' ("Psychoanalysis and reading", 1991), on Jacques Lacan and reading. ==Vitabu vya Fasihi== * ''Hartskrif'' ([[1985]]) ("Heart Script") * ''Bitterlemoene'' ([[1986]]) ("Bitter oranges") * ''Die anatomie van melancholie'' (1987) ("The anatomy of melancholy") * ''Palinodes'' ([[1987]]) * ''Geslote baan'' ([[1988]]) ("Closed circuit") * ''Donker labirint'' ([[1989]]) ("Dark labyrinth") * ''Gesteelde appels'' (1989) ("Stolen apples") * ''Kriptonemie'' (1989) ("Cryptonomy") * ''Verdraaide raaisels'' ([[1990]]) ("Twisted riddles") * ''Die somber muse'' (1990) ("The sombre muse") * ''Tachycardia'' (1990) * ''Die verlore simbool'' ([[1991]]) ("The lost symbol") * ''Interne verhuising'' ([[1995]]) ("Internal house moving") * ''Ewebeeld'' ([[1997]]) ("Mirror image") * ''Lykdigte'' ([[2000]]) ("Memorial poems") * ''Ruggespraak'' ([[2002]]) ("Talking back") * ''Die buigsaamheid van verdriet'' (2005) ("The flexibility of sorrow") * ''En skielik is dit aand'' ([[2006]]) ("And suddenly it's evening") * ''Dad'' (2006) * ''Koesnaatjies vir die proe'' (2008) * ''Vuurwiel'' ([[2009]]) ("Wheel of fire") * ''Visums by verstek'' (2011) ("Visas by default") * ''Lot se vrou'' ([[2012]]) ("Lot's wife") * ''Meditasies'' ([[2013]]) ("Meditations") * ''Matriks'' ([[2016]]) ("Matrix") * ''Indeks'' ([[2016]]) ("Index") ==Riwaya== * ''Swart Koring'' (1996) ("Black Wheat") (Parody on the pulp romance novel, with a lesbian twist) * ''Die Swart Sluier'' (1998) ("The black veil") (Parody on pulp detective novels and ghost stories) * ''Judaskus'' (1998) ("Judas Kiss") * ''Sewe Sonjas en wat hulle gedoen het'' (2001) ("Seven Sonyas and what they did") (An electronic novel published by Contentlot.com)) * ''Skoppensboer'' (2001) ("Jack of Spades": this refers to a poem by [[Eugene Marais]], that calls the grim reaper by this name) * ''Palindroom'' (2008) ("Palindrome") * ''Kladboek'' (2008) ("Notebook") ==Viungo nya nje== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110526183447/http://www.litnet.co.za/cgi-bin/giga.cgi?cmd=cause_dir_news_item&cause_id=1270&news_id=46159&cat_id=667 Joan Hambidge (1956 – ) Sanlam ATKV LitNet Afrikaanse Album] * [http://www.oulitnet.co.za/mond/joan_hambidge.asp Louise Viljoen: Onderhoud met Joan Hambidge oor En skielik is dit aand] * [http://www.oulitnet.co.za/seminaar/jhsont.asp Desperately seeking Susan Sontag: ’n essay-verhaal] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110526183525/http://www.litnet.co.za/cgi-bin/giga.cgi?cmd=cause_dir_news_item&news_id=3023&cause_id=1270 Globalisering en die Afrikaanse letterkunde] * [http://www.oulitnet.co.za/seminaar/16hambidge.asp Hibriditeit en die internet] * [http://www.oulitnet.co.za/seminaar/hambidge_cloete.asp Die hipnose van die digkuns: TT Cloete-gedenklesi ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] 2nkx6d7giewj6ghtcpkwl6rt63n658y 0 135678 1236764 1188725 2022-07-30T04:57:56Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Defense.gov News Photo 001102-D-2987S-092.jpg|thumb|right|200px| Janet Cooke akikabidhiwa Teresa Carpenter]] '''Janet Leslie Cooke''' (alizaliwa [[23 Julai]] [[1954]]) ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa zamani wa nchini [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mshindi wa Tuzo ya Pulitizer mnamo [[mwaka]] [[1981]] kutokana na andiko lake la simulizi ya ''The Washington Post''; baadae simulizi lake lilikuja kugundulika ni la uzushi, hivyo alilazimika kuirudisha [[tuzo]] hiyo<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/panel-mulls-revoking-pulitzer/|title=Panel Mulls Revoking Pulitzer|date=11 June 2003|access-date=3 April 2016}}</ref>; baada ya hapo tuzo hiyo ilikabidhiwa kwa Teresa Carpenter. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] 6qavd071t81v4pyofa39z7eaq1rqzkj 0 135697 1236774 1188827 2022-07-30T05:59:21Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josie Duffy Rice''' (''née'' '''Duffy''') ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] kutokea nchini [[Marekani]]. Mnamo mwaka [[2019]], Alitajwa kama raisi wa ''The Appeal'', shirika la uandishi Habari linalolenga zaidi mfumo wa haki za wahalifu. ''Duffy Rice'' pia anaendesha jarida la Marekani kwa jina la ''Justice in America''. Kazi zake zimetajwa mara kadhaa na majarida ya ''The New York Times'', ''Nylon'', na ''Harper's Bazaar''.<ref name="harpers2020">{{cite web |last1=Sanchez |first1=Chelsey |title=Why Christian Cooper Refuses to Cooperate with Prosecution Against Amy Cooper |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/politics/a33261790/christian-cooper-refuses-to-cooperate-with-prosecution-against-amy-cooper/ |website=Harper's Bazaar |accessdate=21 August 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name="nylon2018">{{Cite web|last=Iversen|first=Kristin|title=What You Should Know About The "Missing" Immigrant Children|url=https://www.nylon.com/articles/missing-children-immigration-ice-trump|access-date=2020-08-21|website=Nylon|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-07-08|title=An Immune System: Code Switch|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/06/12/876212065/an-immune-system|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-08-21|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref><ref >{{Cite web|last=Schwartz|first=Molly|date=2020-06-17|title=De-funding the police is only the beginning. A radical re-imagining must come next.|url=https://www.motherjones.com/anti-racism-police-protest/2020/06/podcast-episode-defunding-police-abolishing-josie-duffy-rice/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-08-21|website=Mother Jones|language=en-US}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Duffy Rice alizaliwa kama Josie Duffy, binti wakwanza wa Eugene na Norrene Duffy, alilelewa na kukulia jijini Atlanta.<ref name="wabe2019">{{Cite web|author=Wheeler|first=Candice|title=Closer Look: 3 Generations of Family History; National Trends In Non-Traditional Education|url=https://www.wabe.org/episode/closer-look-3-generations-of-family-history-national-trends-in-non-traditional-education/|accessdate=21 August 2020|work=WABE.org}}</ref> Ana dada mmoja, kwa jina la Rosa Duffy ambaye no mmiliki wa duka la vitabu kwa jina la <nowiki>''For keeps''</nowiki>.<ref name="atlmag">{{Cite web|author=Wicker|first=Jewel|date=2018-11-16|title=For Keeps, a shop for rare and classic black books, opens on Auburn Avenue|url=https://www.atlantamagazine.com/news-culture-articles/for-keeps-a-shop-for-rare-and-classic-black-books-opens-on-auburn-avenue/|accessdate=2020-08-21|work=Atlanta Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> Bini yake kwa jina la Josie Johnson, ni mwanaharakati wa haki za binadamu anayefanya shughuli hiyo akiwa jijini[[Minneapolis, Minnesota |Minneapolis]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2020-10-29|title=A multi-generational plea for social justice activism from Josie Johnson and her granddaughter|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2020/10/29/a-multigenerational-plea-for-social-justice|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-12-23|work=Minnesota Public Radio}}</ref> Duffy Rice alipata shahada yake ya kwanza katika Sayansi ya siasa kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia]] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=MacKenzie|first=Blake|title=Meet Josie Duffy Rice, Racial Justice Activist|url=https://www.tchabitat.org/blog/josie-duffy-rice-racial-justice-activist|accessdate=2020-12-23|work=www.tchabitat.org|language=en-us}}</ref> Alifanya kazi kama msaidizi mtendaji wa shirika la watetezi wa umma huko [[The Bronx|Bronx]] moja kwa moja baaada ya kuhitimu chuo kikuu, ambayo iliathiri uamuzi wake wa kuhudhuria shule ya sheria. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Cammell|first=Kate|date=2020-04-07|title=Works of Justice Podcast: Temperature Check with Josie Duffy Rice of The Appeal|url=https://pen.org/works-of-justice-josie-duffy-rice/|accessdate=2020-08-21|work=PEN America|language=en}}</ref> Alipokea digrii yake ya sheria maarufu kama <nowiki>''Juris Doctor''</nowiki> kutoka shyule ya sheria ya Harvard. <ref name="newsone2020">{{Cite web|date=2020-07-08|title=Amid Push For Reforming Law Enforcement, Should Amy Cooper Have Been Charged?|url=https://newsone.com/3972685/should-amy-cooper-have-been-charged/|accessdate=2020-08-21|work=NewsOne|language=en}}</ref> Duffy Rice alipendelea kuandika kazi za kisheria, na baada ya shule ya sheria alianza kufanya kazi katika nyanja za sera na uanaharakati. == Kazi == Kazi yake amejikita zaidi katika haki za wahalifu kama vile uonevu wa askari polisi na dhamana kwa hela ya papo hapo.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Schwartz|first=Molly|date=2020-06-17|title=De-funding the police is only the beginning. A radical re-imagining must come next.|url=https://www.motherjones.com/anti-racism-police-protest/2020/06/podcast-episode-defunding-police-abolishing-josie-duffy-rice/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-08-21|work=Mother Jones|language=en-US}}</ref> Duffy Rice anapinga sana uwepo wa askari polisi pamoja na gharama kuendesha vitengo vya polisi kama njia mojawapo ya kufikia lemgo lake. Alishapata mualiko katika majadiliano maarufu katika kipindi cha <nowiki>''</nowiki> The Daily show<nowiki>''</nowiki> kujadili suala hili na kuhusu vyombo vinavyoelezea juu ya haki ya wahalifu kama <nowiki>''</nowiki>Slate<nowiki>''</nowiki>, <nowiki>''</nowiki>NPR'; na <nowiki>''</nowiki>Lte Night with Seth Meyers<nowiki>''</nowiki>.<ref name="nprjuly2020">{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2020-07-08|title=An Immune System: Code Switch|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/06/12/876212065/an-immune-system|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-08-21|work=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref><ref name="rs2020">{{Cite web|author=Shaffer|first=Claire|date=2020-06-10|title=Trevor Noah Holds Roundtable Talk on What It Means to Defund the Police|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/tv/tv-news/trevor-noah-defund-abolish-the-police-1012732/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-08-21|work=Rolling Stone|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2020-06-17|title=Late Night with Seth Meyers S7 E117 Hank Azaria, Josie Duffy Rice|url=https://www.nbc.com/late-night-with-seth-meyers/video/hank-azaria-josie-duffy-rice/4183262|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-08-20|work=NBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Slate Political Gabfest {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News|url=https://www.wnyc.org/articles/politicalgab|accessdate=2020-08-21|work=WNYC|language=en}}</ref> Duffy Rice hapo awali alifanya kazi kama ''mwanamikakati'' katika Mradi wa Adhabu ya Haki. <ref name="abcnews2018">{{Cite web|author=McMurry|first=Evan|date=2018-05-30|title=#WhereAreTheChildren showcases the power and the pitfalls of social media|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wherearethechildren-showcases-power-pitfalls-social-media/story?id=55507540|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-08-21|work=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2017 alijiunga na Ushirikiano wa Haki, inayoendasha shirika maarufu kwa jina la <nowiki>''The Appeal''</nowiki>, tovuti ambayo inalenga sera, siasa, na haki ya wahalifu. <ref name="pen2020">{{Cite web|author=Cammell|first=Kate|date=2020-04-07|title=Works of Justice Podcast: Temperature Check with Josie Duffy Rice of The Appeal|url=https://pen.org/works-of-justice-josie-duffy-rice/|accessdate=2020-08-21|work=PEN America|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFCammell2020">Cammell, Kate (2020-04-07). </cite></ref> Duffy Rice aliteuliwa kama raisi wa shirika la <nowiki>''The Appeal''</nowiki> mnamo 2019. <ref name="npr-2019">{{Cite web|author=Inskeep|first=Steve|title=NYPD Officer Involved In Eric Garner's Death Won't Face Federal Charges|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/17/742534886/nypd-officer-involved-in-eric-garners-death-wont-face-federal-charges|work=NPR|publisher=NPR|accessdate=21 August 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFInskeep">Inskeep, Steve. </cite></ref> Duffy Rice anashirikiana na jarida la habari juu ya nchini [[Marekani]] akiwa na wageni waalikwa ambao ni Darnell Moore, Donovan X. Ramsey, Derecka Purnell, na Zak Cheney-Rice. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-09|title=Dear White People: Keep that same energy when the protests are over|url=https://thegrio.com/2020/06/09/dear-white-people-protests/|accessdate=2020-08-21|work=TheGrio|language=en-US}}</ref> Kipindi kinashughulikia mada za haki ya wahalifu kama vile kiwango kikubwa cha wafungwa nchini Marekani. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Inskeep|first=Steve|title=NYPD Officer Involved In Eric Garner's Death Won't Face Federal Charges|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/17/742534886/nypd-officer-involved-in-eric-garners-death-wont-face-federal-charges|work=NPR|publisher=NPR|accessdate=21 August 2020}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2020-06-03|title=When Jail Becomes Normal|language=en-US|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/03/briefing/protests-steve-king-coronavirus-your-wednesday-briefing.html}}</ref> Duffy Rice alikuwa mwandishi anayechangia toleo la Septemba 2020 la <nowiki>''</nowiki>Vanity Fair<nowiki>''</nowiki> iliyohaririwa na Ta-Nehisi Coates . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Fair|first=Vanity|title=Ta-Nehisi Coates to Guest-Edit the September Issue of Vanity Fair|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2020/08/ta-nehisi-coates-guest-editor-september-issue|accessdate=2020-08-21|work=Vanity Fair|language=en-us}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Flynn|first=Kerry|date=2020-08-04|title=Ta-Nehisi Coates is guest editing the September issue of Vanity Fair|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/04/media/ta-nehisi-coates-vanity-fair/index.html|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-08-21|work=CNN}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Duffy Rice ameolewa na mwandishi wa habari Zak Cheney-Rice <ref name="nymag2020">{{Cite web|author=Osnos|first=Corinne|date=2020-07-24|title=A New York Minute With: Zak Cheney-Rice|url=https://nymag.com/article/2020/07/a-new-york-minute-with-zakcheneyrice.html|accessdate=2020-08-21|work=New York Magazine|language=en-us}}</ref> na wana mtoto wa kiume (Alizaliwa 2017) na binti (alizaliwa 2020). <ref name="pen2020">{{Cite web|author=Cammell|first=Kate|date=2020-04-07|title=Works of Justice Podcast: Temperature Check with Josie Duffy Rice of The Appeal|url=https://pen.org/works-of-justice-josie-duffy-rice/|accessdate=2020-08-21|work=PEN America|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFCammell2020">Cammell, Kate (2020-04-07). </cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=https://twitter.com/jduffyrice/status/1306016677189038080/photo/2|url=https://twitter.com/jduffyrice/status/1306016677189038080/photo/2|accessdate=2020-09-16|work=Twitter|language=en}}</ref> Waishi jijini Atlanta. <ref name="motherjones2020">{{Cite web|author=Schwartz|first=Molly|date=2020-06-17|title=De-funding the police is only the beginning. A radical re-imagining must come next.|url=https://www.motherjones.com/anti-racism-police-protest/2020/06/podcast-episode-defunding-police-abolishing-josie-duffy-rice/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-08-21|work=Mother Jones|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSchwartz2020">Schwartz, Molly (2020-06-17). </cite></ref> == Heshima na tuzo == * 2020 - Fortune, 40 Under 40 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Josie Duffy Rice {{!}} 2020 40 under 40 in Government and Politics|url=https://fortune.com/40-under-40/2020/josie-duffy-rice/|accessdate=2020-12-23|work=Fortune|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] kwgexeblzqg09tjj746lps9l5b8fd9m 0 135698 1236729 1223885 2022-07-30T03:14:13Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eunetta T. Boone''' ([[1955]] - [[Machi 20]], [[2019]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] na matayarishaji wa vipindi vya [[televisheni]]. Mwanamama huyu alikuwa ni mbunifu na mwandishi wa vipindi mbalimbali vya televisheni enzi za uhai wake, alikuwa akifanya [[kazi]] kama mtayarishaji mkuu na mwongozaji vipindi kwa vipindi vitatu katika Chaneli ya Disney mfululizo wa [[filamu]] inayoitwa ''Raven's Home''. ==Maisha na kazi zake== Boone alizaliwa huko Washington, D.C. Wazazi wake walihakikisha Boone na [[dada]] yake wanakulia katika ''Utamaduni wa kujimudu kifedha''. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2005-12-25-0512280438-story,amp.html|title=Imagine, If You Will|last=Mcnatt|first=Glenn|date=December 25, 2005|work=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=March 22, 2019|quote=I grew up in an urban situation that one might call the ghetto, but it didn't feel like that, because my mother and father worked so hard to see that my sister and I were culturally enriched.}}</ref> Boone alihitimu shahada yake ya uandishi wa habari huko [[Chuo kikuu]] na cha kati cha Maryland pia kupata shahada ya uzamili katika sayansi ya uandishi wa habari huko Chuo kikuu cha Columbia. Alikuwa pia Mwandishi wa habari za michezo na mtoa taarifa za michezo Kwa toleo la jioni ''la Baltimore Sun'', Alikuwa mwanamama wa kwanza mmarekani mwenye asili ya Afrika kushika nafasi hiyo ya uandishi wa habari.<ref name="DHBoone">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2019/03/eunetta-t-boone-dead-one-on-one-creator-ravens-home-obituary-1202580233/ |title=Eunetta T. Boone Dies: "One On One" Creator, "Raven's Home" Showrunner Was 63 |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=March 21, 2019 |publisher=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=March 22, 2019}}</ref> Mwaka 1990, Boone alibadilisha kazi kutoka katika uandishi wa habari za [[michezo]] na kuchukua uandaaji na utengenezaji wa filamu katika jumba la filamu iliyotolewa na tume ya filamu ya Maryland. Baadae kuchukua na kuwa ndani ya Warner Bros. kama mwandishi na mfanyakazi katika jumba la utayarishaji na kuandika filamu mbalimbali zikiwemo ''The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air'', ''Roc (vipindi vya televisheni)|Roc'', na ''The Parent 'Hood''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2001-07-18-0107180058-story.html|title=UPN sitcom to be set in Baltimore|last=Zurawik|first=David|date=July 18, 2001|website=The Baltimore Sun|language=en-US|access-date=March 23, 2019}}</ref>Alikuwa mtayarishaji mtendaji na wakati huo huo aliwahi kuwa kwenye maonyesho mawili yaliyofanya vizuri kwa karne ya 20 ya Fox na Television ya Touchstone ya Disney, Alifanya matamasha mawili yaliyo itwa 'The Hughleys' na 'My Wife and Kids'. matasha hayo yalimsaidia kutengeneza vichekesho vyake vilivyokuwa vikionyeshwa kwenye televisheni, hii ilimsaidia sana na kukuza umaarufu wake katika saana ya filamu na vichekesho. [4] [5] UPN kufutwa moja kwa moja na kupunguzwa mwaka 2006. [6] [7]<ref name="TBSBoone">{{cite web |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/tv/z-on-tv-blog/bs-fe-zontv-eunetta-boone-obit-20190321-story.html |title=Eunetta T. Boone, Hollywood producer and former Evening Sun sportswriter, dies |last=Zurawik |first=David |date=March 21, 2019 |work=The Baltimore Sun |access-date=March 22, 2019 |accessdate=2021-05-15 |archivedate=2019-03-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327184502/https://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/tv/z-on-tv-blog/bs-fe-zontv-eunetta-boone-obit-20190321-story.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ebony.com/news/one-on-one-creator-eunata-boone-dead-63/|title='One on One' Creator Eunetta Boone Dead at 63|last=Santi|first=Christina|date=March 22, 2019|website=EBONY|language=en-US|access-date=March 23, 2019}}</ref>UPN canceled ''One on One'' and ''Cuts'' in 2006.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RyEPeFB8DzAC&pg=PA262|title=TV Year: The Prime Time 2005-2006 Season|last=Muir|first=John Kenneth|date=May 1, 2007|publisher=Hal Leonard Corporation|isbn=9781557836847|pages=262|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Harvnb|Muir|2007|p=189}}</ref>Boone pia aliandika script ya filamu ya kipengele cha 'jina la Doris Payne?''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vibe.com/2019/03/eunetta-t-boone-tv-producer-writer-and-one-on-one-creator-dead-at-63|title=Eunetta T. Boone, TV Producer And Writer, Dead At 63|last=Muhammad|first=Latifah|date=March 21, 2019|website=Vibe|language=en|access-date=March 23, 2019}}</ref> Kuanzia mwaka wa 2018, biopic kuhusu mwizi wa Jewel Doris Payne alibakia katika maendeleo kwa zaidi ya muongo mmoja.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://filmschoolrejects.com/tessa-thompson-lands-another-incredible-role/|title=Tessa Thompson Lands Another Incredible Role|last=Swanson|first=Anna|date=February 14, 2018|website=Film School Rejects|language=en-US|access-date=March 23, 2019}}</ref> Mwaka 2011, autobiography ya Jockey Sylvia Harris imeandikwa na Boone na William H. Boulware ilichapishwa na ECCO Press.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/sylvia-harris/long-shot-bipolar-life/|title=''Long Shot'' by Sylvia Harris , Eunetta T. Boone|date=December 30, 2010|website=Kirkus Reviews|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-06-171444-3|title=Long Shot: My Bipolar Life and the Horses Who Saved Me|date=December 20, 2010|website=Publishers Weekly|access-date=March 23, 2019}}</ref> Kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[2007]] hadi [[2013]], Boone alikuwa [[mwalimu]] wa screenwriting na msisitizo katika kuandika comedy katika mpango wa Ugani wa Upanuzi wa UCLA. Aliendelea kuwa mshauri wa Raven-Symoné kwa ajili ya nyumba ya Raven ya mfululizo na alikuwa kuwa mtayarishaji wake na showrunner kwa msimu wa tatu ujao. Uzalishaji ulikuwa umefungwa kwa muda wa kifo cha Boone. <ref name="DHBoone" /> Boone alikufa kwa [[shambulio la moyo]] dhahiri katika nyumba yake ya Los Angeles mnamo Machi 20, 2019. Alikuwa na miaka 63. <ref name="DHBoone" /><ref name="TBSBoone" /> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2019]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] mkt0mhbhkbuts1xg5fjs1973fsp4z1s 0 135708 1236768 1188764 2022-07-30T05:20:43Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jericka Duncan'''(amezaliwa [[Agosti 12]], [[1983]]) ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa [[runinga]] wa kitaifa wa Amerika wa ''CBS News'' katika ''New York City''. Mnamo mwaka wa 2018, aliandika vichwa vya habari wakati alipojitokeza na maandishi ambayo Jeff Fager alimtumia alipoficha madai ya kijinsia yaliyotolewa kwake.<ref name=nytimes>{{Cite newspaper | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/12/business/media/jeff-fager-60-minutes-cbs.html | title='60 Minutes' Chief Ousted for a Threatening Text as Upheaval at CBS Continues| journal=The New York Times| date=2018-09-12| last1=Koblin| first1=John| last2=Grynbaum| first2=Michael M.}}</ref> == Maisha ya mapema na elimu== Jericka Duncan alizaliwa mnamo ''1983''. Alihudhuria Shule ya Upili ya Aurora (Ohio) | Shule ya Upili ya Aurora na alihitimu mnamo ''2001''.<ref name="mytownneo">{{cite web|url=http://www.mytownneo.com/article/20141022/news/310229355|title=Four new Hall of Famers honored by Aurora High School Alumni Association|website=My Town Neo}}</ref> Katika Aurora H.S., alikuwa kwenye timu ya mpira wa kikapu na timu ya Kufuatilia na Shamba | wimbo na uwanja. Kama mshindani wa wimbo na uwanja, Duncan aliweka rekodi tano kwa Shule ya Upili ya Aurora. Mara tu alipomaliza shule ya upili, Duncan aliendelea kuhudhuria Chuo Kikuu cha Ohio ambapo alifanya shahada ya Mawasiliano.<ref name="auroraohioalumni">{{cite web|url=https://www.auroraohioalumni.com/index.php/hall-of-fame/athletic-hall-of-fame|title=Athletic Hall of Fame|website=Aurora Ohio Alumni}}</ref> Katika chuo kikuu, Duncan aliendelea kuendesha wimbo na uwanja na alikuwa nahodha wa timu ya wimbo.<ref name="ohiobobcats">{{cite web|url=http://www.ohiobobcats.com/sports/wtrack/spec-rel/051005aab.html|title=Jericka Duncan: A Focused Leader|date=May 10, 2005|website=Ohio Bobcats|accessdate=2021-05-15|archivedate=2019-03-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327195954/http://www.ohiobobcats.com/sports/wtrack/spec-rel/051005aab.html}}</ref> She received the [[NAACP Image Awards|NAACP Image Award]] of Athletics in 2005.<ref name=mytownneo /> Mwaka huo huo, Duncan alipokea Shahada yake ya Sanaa katika Mawasiliano<ref>https://www.ohio.edu/scripps-college/comm-studiesref>https://www.ohio.edu/scripps-college/comm-studies</ref> baada ya kupata stashahada katika chuo cha ohio.<ref name="wnypapers">{{cite web|url=https://www.wnypapers.com/news/article/current/2013/07/15/111808/jericka-duncan-named-a-correspondent-for-news-services-at-cbs-news|title=Jericka Duncan named a correspondent for news services at CBS News (press release)|website=WNY Papers}}</ref> == Kazi == Baada ya kuhitimu Mei 2005, Duncan alikua mwandishi wa Runinga wa kituo cha televisheni kinachohusiana na NBC WETM-TV huko Elmira, New York. Baadaye, alianza kuripoti kituo cha televisheni kinachohusiana na CBS WIVB-TV huko Buffalo, New York. Mnamo 2010, alihamia kituo cha CBS O&O; KYW-TV Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Mwishowe, mnamo 2013, Duncan alikua mwandishi wa kitaifa wa CBS News.<ref name=wnypapers /> Katika kazi yake yote, Duncan ameripoti wakati wa hafla za kukumbukwa, kama hali ya hewa ya baridi huko [[Boston]] au maadhimisho ya miaka 70 ya D-Day mnamo 2014.<ref name="buffalonews">{{cite web|url=https://buffalonews.com/2018/09/23/cbs-jericka-duncan-to-keynote-black-journalists-event/|title=CBS' Jericka Duncan to keynote black journalists' event|date=2018-09-23|website=Buffalo News}}</ref> Ameripoti juu ya hafla kama kumbukumbu ya kwanza ya Kimbunga Sandy na Washington Navy Yard risasi.<ref name=mytownneo /> == Kazi mashuhuri na tuzo== *Mwaka 2007, Duncan received the "Best Spot News Coverage" award from the New York State Broadcasters Association Award.<ref name=wnypapers /> *Mwaka 2008, Duncan won a local "Best Morning Show" Emmy award after reporting on winter storms.<ref name=wnypapers /> *Mwaka 2011 and 2012, Duncan covered the Philadelphia basement kidnapping, or the "Basement of Horror" case, where she reported on the captivity of four adults and the theft of their social security checks by their detainer.<ref name="adweek">{{cite web|url=https://www.adweek.com/tvspy/video-in-kyw-interview-victims-describe-their-captivity-in-philadelphia-basement-of-horror/26807|title=VIDEO: In KYW Interview, Victims Describe Their Captivity in Philadelphia ‘Basement of Horror’|last=Gauthier|first=Andrew|website=TV Spy}}</ref> This led to Duncan winning a first place award from the Associated Press]] and receiving a nomination for a Mid-Atlantic Emmy Award.<ref name="phillytrib">{{cite web|url=http://www.phillytrib.com/entertainment/jericka-duncan-called-up-to-cbs-network/article_a7db547a-1296-5b20-9dd4-2ac827123bf2.html|title=Jericka Duncan called up to CBS network|last=Roberts|first=Kimberly C.|date=July 23, 2013|website=Philly Tribune}}</ref> *Mwaka 2012, Duncan was acknowledged as the "Broadcast Journalist of the Year" from the Philadelphia Association of Black Journalists.<ref name=phillytrib /> == Jeff Fager == Mnamo 2018, Jeff Fager alifutwa kazi kama mtayarishaji mtendaji wa Dakika 60 baada ya kubainika kuwa alituma ujumbe wa kumtisha Duncan. Duncan alifunua ujumbe huu wa maandishi mnamo Septemba 2018.<ref name="washingtonpost">{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2018/09/12/60-minutes-chief-jeff-fager-leaves-cbs-amid-harassment-accusations/|title='60 Minutes' chief Jeff Fager leaves CBS amid harassment accusations and threatening texts|date=September 12, 2018|website=Washington Post}}</ref> Fager alikuwa ameshtumiwa kwa unyanyasaji wa kijinsia na wanawake kadhaa ambao walimfanyia kazi. Wakati Duncan alikuwa akiripoti hadithi hiyo, Fager alimtishia kwa kusema, "Ukirudia tuhuma hizi za uwongo bila kuripoti yoyote yako mwenyewe kuziunga mkono utakuwa na jukumu la kuniumiza. Kuwa mwangalifu. Kuna watu ambao walipoteza kazi zao wakijaribu kunidhuru na ukipitisha madai haya mabaya bila kuripoti kwako mwenyewe kuyahifadhi hilo litakuwa shida kubwa."<ref name="blackchristiannews">{{cite web|url=https://blackchristiannews.com/2018/09/cbs-correspondent-jericka-duncan-reveals-text-jeff-fager-sent-to-her-that-got-him-fired/|title=CBS Correspondent Jericka Duncan Reveals Text Jeff Fager Sent to her That Got him Fired &#124; BCNN1|website=Black Christian News Network}}</ref> Baada ya kufunua ujumbe huu wa maandishi, Duncan alisifiwa na Chama cha Kitaifa cha Wanahabari Weusi kwa kuangazia sehemu ya harakati za Me Too. Fager alikanusha madai ya asili, lakini alikiri kutuma ujumbe huo mkali kwa Duncan.<ref name=nytimes /> === Athari === Mara tu Duncan alipotangaza jibu la Fager kwake, ilifungua mazungumzo juu ya athari za kuripoti kwa harakati ya #MeToo. Ilisababisha kuundwa kwa hashtag #reportingMeToo kwenye Twitter.<ref name="nabj">{{cite web|url=https://www.nabj.org/news/418278/NABJ-applauds-Jericka-Duncan-for-watchdog-MeToo-reporting.htm|title=NABJ applauds Jericka Duncan for watchdog #MeToo reporting|website=National Association of Black Journalists}}</ref> Pia, tukio hili lilifungua mazungumzo juu ya wanawake kuwa na uwezekano mkubwa wa kupangiwa visa vya unyanyasaji wa kijinsia na kuripoti ujumbe kutoka kwa mtuhumiwa.<ref name="glamour">{{cite web|url=https://www.glamour.com/story/im-sick-of-female-journalists-cleaning-up-the-messes-their-male-co-workers-made|title=I’m Sick of Female Journalists Cleaning Up the Messes Their Male Coworkers Made|last=LIBERS|first=ABIGAIL|date=September 14, 2018|website=Glamour}}</ref> === Mitikio === Kujibu wakati Fager alipofutwa kazi, Duncan alikutana na msaada kutoka kwa wafanyikazi wenzi wa CBS Gayle King, Norah O'Donnell na [[John Dickerson (mwandishi wa habari) | John Dickerson.<ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jericka-duncan-jeff-fager-text-threat-cbs-morning-hosts-support-1142968|title='CBS This Morning' Hosts Support Reporter Who Received Jeff Fager's Threatening Text|last=Lewis|first=Hilary|date=September 13, 2018|website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> Alisifiwa kwa kuchukua msimamo na kufunua na kusoma kwa sauti ujumbe wa maandishi uliotumwa kutoka kwa Fager. Muda mfupi baadaye, Chama cha Wanahabari Weusi wa Buffalo kilimtangaza Duncan kama msemaji anayeongoza katika moja ya hafla yao iliyopewa jina la "Media Jamii na Kuripoti Juu ya Mbio".<ref name="buffalonews" </> Jeff Glor wa CBS Evening News alikuwa katikati ya kufunika Kimbunga [[Florence]] alipomwambia Duncan, "Umefanya kazi nzuri. Ni ngumu ya kutosha bila kushughulikia hii. Ujumbe huo ulikuwa haikubaliki. Nadhani ni muhimu kwako kujua, kwa kila mtu kujua huko nyuma, kwamba mimi, sisi, timu nzima ya Evening News tunakuunga mkono kwa asilimia 100. "<ref name="thedailybeast">{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-day-fager-world-came-crashing-down-at-cbs|title=The Day ‘Fager World’ Came Crashing Down at CBS|last=Grove|first=Lloyd|date=September 13, 2018|website=The Daily Beast}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] ka6yo5f3q5qh74x0um9gnsvanq9cgj0 0 135937 1236735 1188647 2022-07-30T03:35:33Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Fredricka_Whitfield_at_gravesite_ceremony.jpg |thumb|Fredricka Whitfield]] '''Fredricka Whitfield''' (alizaliwa mnamo [[31 Mei]], [[1965]]) ni [[mwandishi wa habari|mwandishi]] na mtangazaji wa habari. Anatangaza weekend edition ya chumba cha habari cha ''CNN'' kutoka [[makao makuu]] ya dunia huko [[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]].<ref name=auto>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/profiles/fredericka-whitfield-profile|title=CNN Profiles - Fredricka Whitfield - Anchor|agency=CNN}}</ref> ==Maisha ya mwanzo na elimu== Whitfield ni binti wa [[Mwanariadha]] wa kati wa Marekani na mshiriki wa [[Olimpiki]] Mal Whitfield, aliyefariki tarehe [[18 Novemba]] [[2015]].<ref name="teamusa">{{cite web|author=Darci Miller|url=http://www.teamusa.org/News/2015/November/19/Three-Time-Olympic-Track-Champion-Mal-Whitfield-Dies-At-91|title=Three-Time Olympic Track Champion Mal Whitfield Dies at 91|publisher=Team USA|date=November 19, 2015|access-date=January 11, 2020}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0507/06/lol.03.html|title=Navy SEALs in Afghanistan; Dance fever|date=July 6, 2005|agency=[[CNN]]|access-date=January 11, 2020}}</ref> Whitfield amesoma kwenye shule ya ''Paint Branch High School'' huko Burtonsville, Maryland,akahitimu mnamo mwaka 1983. Akapata shahada ya uandishi wa habari kutoka chuo kikuu cha ''Howard'' shule ya mawasiliano mnamo mwaka 1987.Wakati akiwa chuoni hapo aliwahi kuwa mtangazaji wa habari kwenye stesheni WHUR ya redio ya chuoni hapo. Mnamo mwaka 2002, Whitfield alichaguliwa kuonyesha mchango wake kama mwanafunzi wa zamani wa Howard.<ref name=auto /> ==Kazi== Baada ya kuhitimu, Whitfield alifanya kazi kwenye stesheni ya televisheni ya WPLG huko Miami, News Channel 8 huko Washington, D.C., stesheni ya televisheni, ya KTVTin huko Dallas, WTNH huko New Haven, Connecticut,na WCIV huko Charleston,Carolina ya kusini.Kisha akafanya kazi na NBC News, akiwa kama muandishi huko Atlanta wa habari za usiku kwanzi mwaka 1995 mpaka 2001. Pia alifanya kazi kwenye vitengo vingine vya habari akiwa na NBC ikiwemo Today NBC program; akiwa kama msomaji wa habari za asubuhi na mchana pamoja na kuwa muandishi wa kazi mbalimbali. Whitfield alianza kufanya kazi na CNN mnamo mwaka 2002, na amepitia habari kuu kadhaa. Alikuwa mwanahabari wa kwanza kutoa taarifa a kifo cha Ronald Reagan. Amehabarisha pia kuhusiana na tetemeko kwenye bahari ya hindi ya na sunami ya bara la Asia iliyotokea disemba mwaka 2004. Whitfield pia alihabarisha kutokea mji wa Persian Gulf wakati wa operesheni ya kutafuta uhuru huko Iraqi. Whitfield kwa sasa anatangaza habari kutoka chumba cha habari cha CNN kwenye kipindi cha weekend edition makao makuu huko Atlanta.<ref name=auto/> ==Maisha binafsi== Whitfield aliolewa na John Glenn, mkurugenzi wa upigaji picha kampuni ya The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, tangu mwaka [[1999]]. Akapata mtoto wa kiume Januari mwaka 2005, akapata mapacha Novemba [[mwaka]] [[2012]] wa [[jinsia]] tofauti: wa kike anaitwa Nola na wa kiume anaitwa Gilbert. ==Mabishano== Mnamo mwaka 2014, Whitfield alikuwa na mahojiano na mchekeshaji Joan Rivers ambayo yalifikia mwisho ghafla baada ya Whitfield kupendekeza kuwa chekesho la Rivers inachochea ukatili na kumkosoa kwa yeye kuvaa nguo ya manyoya ya zabibu.<ref>{{cite news |last = Yahr |first = Emily |title = Joan Rivers storms out of CNN interview, but was she genuinely upset? |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2014/07/07/joan-rivers-storms-out-of-cnn-interview-but-was-she-genuinely-upset/ |work= The Washington Post |date = July 7, 2014 |access-date = May 16, 2020}}</ref> Whitfield alitambua mabishano hayo kwenye matangazo yaliyofuata, akiita nafasi yake ya mahojiano na Rivers kuwa mahojiano yaliyoongelewa mara nyingi zaidi.<ref>{{cite news |title = Israeli Forces Raid Missile Site in Gaza; Germany Vs. Argentina for the World Cup; Flight Diverted to Remote Island Due to Odor; Winter Fun in the Desert; John Walsh Launches New Show On CNN; World Cup Fever Still Alive in U.S. |url = http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1407/13/cnr.01.html |work= CNN |date = July 13, 2014 |access-date = May 16, 2020}}</ref> Tarehe 13 ya mwezi Juni mwaka [[2015]] , Whitfield alimuelezea mnyang'anyi aliyevamia kituo cha polisi cha Dallas huko Texas, kama mtu jasiri, akimdhania kuwa mmoja wa magaidi. Siku iliyofuata alidai alikosea kuzungumza japo hakuomba msamaha rasmi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cnn-anchor-offers-air-explanation-802380|title=CNN Anchor Offers On-Air Explanation for Calling Dallas Attack "Brave"|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|author=Josh Feldman|date=June 14, 2015|access-date=January 11, 2020}}</ref> Siku mbili baadae aliomba msamaha rasmi kuwa alitumia maneno yake vibaya na anaomba radhi sana.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fox4news.com/news/cnn-anchor-apologizes-a-second-time-for-offensive-remarks|title=CNN anchor apologizes a second time for 'offensive' remarks|agency=[[KDFW]]|date=June 15, 2015|access-date=January 11, 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] rbkktazi2i7vdodmcj3f950wyu1uk33 0 135969 1236767 1199469 2022-07-30T05:10:26Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Jenna Wortham | image = JWIMAGE.jpg | image_size = | alt = Jenna Wortham speaks at MoMA in 2016 | caption = Jenna Wortham akisema katika [[MoMA]], 2016 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1982|11|04|mf=y}} | birth_place = | occupation = Journalist | alma_mater = [[University of Virginia]] | subjects = {{flatlist| *Technology *business *culture}} | website = {{URL|jennydeluxe.com|JennyDeluxe.com}} }} '''Jenna Wortham''' (alizaliwa [[4 Novemba]] [[1982]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=I’m Nov 4 and this is very much my curse as well|url=https://twitter.com/jennydeluxe/status/1293636779854233606|access-date=2020-11-11|website=Twitter|language=en}}</ref> ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa [[Marekani]]. Amekuwa akifanya [[kazi]] kama mwandishi wa habari za kitamaduni kwenye [[jarida]] la [[The New York Times]].''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.recode.net/2016/4/28/11586494/jenna-wortham-new-york-times-nyt-pop-up-magazine|title=Meet the New York Times' Jenna Wortham before she reinvents herself again|last=Johnson|first=Eric|date=April 28, 2016|work=Re/code Media with Peter Kafka|access-date=July 28, 2016}}</ref> Pia ni mtayarishaji wa podikasti ya "still processing" kwenye jarida la The New York Times. == Maisha ya mwanzo == Wortham amekua huko [[Alexandria, Virginia|Alexandria jimboni Virginia]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.curbed.com/2016/3/1/11134586/jenna-wortham-home|title=Jenna Wortham|last=Polsky|first=Sarah|date=March 1, 2016|work=Curbed|access-date=July 26, 2016|accessdate=2021-05-26|archivedate=2016-08-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818200625/http://www.curbed.com/2016/3/1/11134586/jenna-wortham-home}}</ref> kisha akaanza masomo yake ya [[anthropolojia]] ya [[Tiba|matibabu]] katika chuo kikuu cha Virginia akahitimu mnamo mwaka [[2004]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://as.virginia.edu/notable-alumni |title=Notable Alumni |work=University of Virginia |access-date=2016-06-18 }}</ref> == Kazi == Baada ya kuhitumu chuo, Wortham alihamia [[San Francisco]], ambapo alijifunza kazi na jarida la ''San Francisco'' na ''jarida Girlfriend'' na aliandikia jarida la ''SFist'',<ref name=":0" /> Baadaye akawa muandishi wa habari za teknolojia na tamaduni wa jarida la ''Wired''. Akajiunga na jarida la ''The New York Times'' mnamo mwaka 2008, akifanya kazi kama muandishi wa habari za teknolojia na biashara, kisha akahamia jarida la Times mnamo mwaka 2014;<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://talkingbiznews.com/1/nytimes-tech-writer-wortham-joining-nytimes-magazine/|title=NYTimes tech writer Wortham joining NYTimes Magazine|last=Roush|first=Chris|date=December 8, 2014|work=Talking Biz News|access-date=July 26, 2016}}</ref> Politico akanukuhu kwamba uajiri huo umeipa nguvu kubwa ya uhariri jarida hilo ikiambatana na wingi wa mashabiki wa Wortham kwenye mitandao ya kijamii ikiwemo Twitter ambapo ana mashabiki zaidi ya 530,000 kufikia mwezi disemba mwaka 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politico.com/media/story/2014/12/jenna-wortham-joining-new-york-times-magazine-003186|title=Jenna Worth joining New York Times Magazine|last=Barr|first=Jeremy|date=December 8, 2014|work=Politico|access-date=July 26, 2016}}</ref> Kazi za Wortham zimekuwa zikionekana kwenye majarida mbalimbali Matter, The Awl,Bust,The Hairpin, Vogue,The Dallas Morning News, na jarida la The Fader na kwenye machapisho mengine mengi. Pi.co linataja kama mwandishi nadra anayeweza kuelezea tabia ya mabadiliko ya mtandao mpya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://pi.co/jenna-wortham-new-york-times-writer/|title=Jenna Wortham|last=Verhoeve|first=Wesley|work=Pi.co|access-date=July 26, 2016}}</ref> mnamo mwaka 2012, Wortham alijumuishwa orodha ya Root 100.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://onehundred.theroot.com/facewall/the-root-100-2012/#jenna_wortham|title=The Root 100 – 2012|date=2012-01-01|work=The Root|access-date=2017-11-21|language=en-US}}</ref>Jarida la The Fader lilitaja moja ya uandishi wa Wortham kwenye kipengele cha The Shade Room iliyorushwa kwenye mtandao wa Instagram TMZ na kulijumuisha kwenye orodha yake ya The Best Culture Writing ya mwaka 2015."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kameir|first1=Rawiya|title=The Best Culture Writing Of 2015|url=http://www.thefader.com/2015/12/22/best-culture-writing-journalism-2015|access-date=28 July 2016|work=The FADER|date=December 22, 2015}}</ref> Kwa kuongezea kwenye kusifia kazi zake za uandishi wa habari za teknolojia, Wortham ametambulika kwenye ufafanuzi wake mijadala kadha wa kadha za utamaduni. Kwenye The Village Voice, Mallika Rao amemuelezea Wortham kama mtu mwenye kujua kuelelezea vyema uwanda wa teknolojia;tamaduni, na utambuzi kwenye uandishi wake akijaribu kujenga maana ya peke yake kwenye mtandao ambapo mara nyingi amekuwa akitoa taarifa zilizo sahihi. (A shimmering ''[[Lemonade (Beyoncé album)|Lemonade]]'' essay prompted a thank-you note from the Queen herself, signed "Love, [[Beyoncé]]" and '[[Instagram|grammed]] by Wortham.)"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rao|first1=Mallika|title=Tune In to Pineapple Street's Podcasting Revolution|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/news/tune-in-to-pineapple-streets-podcasting-revolution-9672715|access-date=25 February 2017|work=Village Voice|date=15 February 2017}}</ref> Habari nyingi kwenye uandishi wa Wortham zimekuwa zikijumuisha utambuzi wa queer<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2016/07/14/why_jenna_wortham_s_queer_article_misunderstands_the_marginalization_in.html|title=Why Everyone Can’t Be Queer|last=Ryan|first=Hugh|date=July 14, 2016|work=Slate|access-date=July 26, 2016}}</ref> pamoja na jinsia na taifa fulani kwenye televisheni.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/white-girls|title=White "Girls"|last=Holmes|first=Anna|date=April 23, 2012|work=The New Yorker|access-date=July 26, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/telling-a-different-story-about-africa|title=Telling a Different Story About Africa|last=Rao|first=Mallika|date=April 16, 2016|work=The New Yorker|access-date=July 28, 2016}}</ref>Kwenye jarida la Rookie, Diamond Sharp amesifia uandishi mahiri wa Wortham akielezea namna anavyotumia ukarimu akiwa duniani.Hana muhtasari ambayo ,hii ni moja kati uelewa muhimu katika nyanja ya habari<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sharp|first1=Diamond|title=Why Can’t I Be You: Jenna Wortham|url=http://www.rookiemag.com/2016/09/why-cant-i-be-you-jenna-wortham/|access-date=25 February 2017|work=Rookie Magazine|date=September 29, 2016}}</ref> Kazi za Wortham zimekuwa zikionekana kwenye antholojia kama Never Can Say Goodbye: Waandishi wa Their Unshakable Love for New York'' mnamo mwaka (2014) na 'An Experience Definitely Worth Allegedly Having: Habari za Safari kutoka kwa Hairpin'' mnamo mwaka (2013).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jenna Wortham|url=https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5190748.Jenna_Wortham|access-date=2020-11-08|website=www.goodreads.com}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1982|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] g0gl2njhgcorbf6eb1rlapcf6d6m1pd 0 136169 1236782 1188793 2022-07-30T06:28:41Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Keli_Goff_on_WNYC.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Keli Goff.]] '''Keli Goff''' (alizaliwa [[Julai 20]], [[1979]]) ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa [[Marekani]], mwandishi wa [[michezo]] ya [[tamthilia]] na miswaada, pia ni mwandishi wa masuala ya blogu na pia mchambuzi wa masuala ya kisiasa katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka [[2008]]. Ni muandishi wa [[kitabu]] cha ''Party Crashing: How the Hip-Hop Generation Declared Political Independence''<ref>{{Cite book|isbn = 978-0465003327|title = Party Crashing: How the Hip-hop Generation Declared Political Independence|last1 = Goff|first1 = Keli|date = 26 February 2008}}</ref> na [[riwaya]] iliyotolewa mwaka [[2011]] mwezi Julai iliyokuwa ikiitwa ''The GQ Candidate''<ref>{{Cite book|isbn = 978-1439158722|title = The GQ Candidate: A Novel|last1 = Goff|first1 = Keli|date = 5 July 2011}}</ref> Mwezi [[Septemba]] [[2014]] Goff alijiunga na waandishi wengine katika uandishi wa [[tamthilia]] ya ''Being Maty Jane'' ya BET Drama<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theroot.com/articles/culture/2014/09/keli_goff_leaves_the_root_to_join_writing_staff_for_bet_s_being_mary_jane.html|title=Keli Goff Leaves The Root to Join the Writing Staff of BET's Being Mary Jane|date=2014-09-03|website=The Root|language=en-US|access-date=2016-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522223644/http://www.theroot.com/articles/culture/2014/09/keli_goff_leaves_the_root_to_join_writing_staff_for_bet_s_being_mary_jane.html|archive-date=2016-05-22|url-status=dead|accessdate=2021-05-22|archivedate=2016-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522223644/http://www.theroot.com/articles/culture/2014/09/keli_goff_leaves_the_root_to_join_writing_staff_for_bet_s_being_mary_jane.html}}</ref> mni mshindi wa tuzo ya ''NAACP Image Award'' kwa mwaka 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/michael-b-jordan-wins-big-at-naacp-image-awards-for-creed-full-list-of-winners-w163648|title=Michael B. Jordan Wins Big at NAACP Image Awards for 'Creed'|website=Us Weekly|access-date=2016-04-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/michael-b-jordan-wins-big-at-naacp-image-awards-for-creed-full-list-of-winners-w163648|title=Michael B. Jordan Wins Big at NAACP Image Awards for 'Creed'|access-date=2016-07-26}}</ref> Kuanzia mwaka [[2017]] hadi [[2019]] alikuwa muandishi katika kituo cha runinga cha ''CW Television'' akiandika katika mfululizo wa tamthilia ya ''Black Lightning'' Mnamo mwaka [[2021]] alitangaza kuwa ni mtayarishaji na muandishi wa tamthilia ya ''And Just Like That,'' , "Sex and the City''."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/sex-and-the-city-revival-assembles-writers-room-adds-samantha-irby-rachna-fruchbom-keli-goff-1234901785/?fbclid=IwAR2Tpkbi0DEIAUmmz7j0z8MchXPUNGAxH-Fg6vTsMQsjiA5NABOmgXN7eP4 |title=Sex and the City Revival Assembles Writers Room|website=www.variety.com|access-date=2021-02-06}}</ref>, Goff alichaguliwa kushiriki katika [[tuzo]] mbili za ''Emmy Awards'' kutokana na kutayarisha kipindi kilichorushwa na Netflix cha ''Reversing Roe''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/reversing-roe-review-1138422 |title=Hollywood Reporter|website=www.hollywoodreporter.org|access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref> ==Maisha ya Awali== Keli anatokea katika jiji la [[Texas]],alisoma katika shule ya ''Elkins High School'' , alipata shahada katika [[chuo kikuu]] cha ''New York University'' na shahada ya mawasiliano katika chuo kikuu cha ''Columbia University'' ==Viungo vya Nje== * [http://www.keligoff.com tovuti rasmi ya Keli] * [http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0712/30/rs.01.html CNN, December 30, 2008] * [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/04/AR2008010404004.html Washington Post, January 5, 2008] * [http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/03/hottype200803 Vanity Fair, March 2008] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] qjpt9ucbeafdggyufxmqs5wwvsch0fd 0 136176 1236749 1204617 2022-07-30T04:13:03Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Jessica_b._harris_5200765_crop.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Jessica B.Harris]] '''Jessica B. Harris''' ([[New York]], [[18 Machi]] [[1948]])<ref>Damian Mosley, [https://www.southernfoodways.org/app/uploads/Jessica_Harris_SFA_Founder_Interview1.pdf Interview with Jessica B. Harris] {{Wayback|url=https://www.southernfoodways.org/app/uploads/Jessica_Harris_SFA_Founder_Interview1.pdf |date=20151023191645 }}, SFA Founders Oral History Project, December 28, 2005.</ref> ni [[profesa]], na [[mwandishi]] wa [[vitabu]] wa [[Marekani]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africooks.com/wordpress/|title=Literary Works and Beyond by Jessica B. Harris}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Jessica B. Harris ni mtoto pekee.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/09/books/review-jessica-harris-my-soul-looks-back.html|title='My Soul Looks Back' Warmly Recalls New York's Black Elite in the 1970s|last=Garner|first=Dwight|date=2017-05-09|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-07-15|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Kati ya mwaka 1953 mpaka 1961, Harris alisoma United Nations International School huko New York City.<ref name=":0" /> Alihitimu elimu ya sekondari ya Sanaa High School of Performing Arts wakati alivyokuwa na miaka 16 alikuwa akifaulu kwa Alama A na B katika somo la kifaransa huko katika chuo Cha Bryn Mawr Mwaka 1968.<ref name=":0" /> Her junior year at Bryn Mawr, Harris studied in Paris.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/jessica-b-harris-39|title=Jessica B. Harris {{!}} The HistoryMakers|website=www.thehistorymakers.org|language=en|access-date=2018-02-21}}</ref> Following graduation, Harris returned to France to study at the Nancy-Université|Universite de Nancy]] for one year.<ref name=":1" /> She then earned her master's degree from Queens College, City University of New York|Queens College(1971) and a Ph.D. from New York University mwaka(1983).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/jessica-b-harris-39|title=Education Makers - Jessica B. Harris|publisher=The HistoryMakers|accessdate=2021-05-22|archivedate=2017-06-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614184100/http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/jessica-b-harris-39}}</ref> In 1972, Harris traveled to West Africa to work on her doctoral dissertation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/08/AR2011030803159.html|title=Q&A: Jessica Harris on African American food and 'High on the Hog'|last=Brown|first=DeNeen|date=2011-03-08|access-date=2018-02-21|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> == Kazi == Mwaka 1970 Harris alifanya kazi kama mwandishi wa Habari In kabla hajawa Mwandishindi wa vitabu Cha chakula , Alikuwa mwariri kwenye gazeti la Essence Essence na mkosoaji wa ukumbi wa michezo huko New York Amsterdam News the United States' oldest black newspaper.<ref name=":0" /> Harris ni mwanachama wa Kitivo katika Idara ya Kiingereza katika Chuo cha Queens C.U.N.Y.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.qc.cuny.edu/quick-links/jessica-harris/|title=Queens College Department of English » Jessica Harris|publisher=|accessdate=2021-05-22|archivedate=2020-01-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105232615/http://english.qc.cuny.edu/quick-links/jessica-harris/}}</ref> She hosts a monthly program, ''My Welcome Table'', on Heritage Radio Network.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://heritageradionetwork.org/author/jessicabharris/|title=My Welcome Table by Jessica B. Harris|publisher=Heritage Radio Network|accessdate=2021-05-22|archivedate=2017-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013220140/http://heritageradionetwork.org/author/jessicabharris/}}</ref> She has published 12 books.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/08/AR2011030803159.html|author=DeNeen Brown|title=Q&A: Jessica Harris on African American food and 'High on the Hog'|work=Washington Post|date=March 8, 2011}}</ref> Her primary subjects are the culinary history, foodways and recipes of the [[African diaspora]]. Harris was a 2004 winner of the lifetime achievement awards from the [[Southern Foodways Alliance]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.southernfoodways.org/awards/nathalie-dupree-and-jessica-harris-2004-lifetime-achievement-award-winners/|title=2004 Lifetime Achievement Award Winners: Nathalie Dupree and Jessica Harris|work=Southern Foodways Alliance|access-date=2017-07-15|language=en-us}}</ref> and a 2010 James Beard Foundation special award honoree.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kurman.com/2010/05/04/2010-james-beard-foundation-winners-announced.html|title=2010 James Beard Foundation Winners Announced|publisher=Kurman Communications|date=May 4, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/25/books/25book.html|author=Dwight Garner|title=What Africa Brought to the Table|date=January 25, 2011|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Her most recent book is the memoir ''[[My Soul Looks Back]]'' (2017).<ref>Dayna Evans, [http://nymag.com/thecut/2017/05/jessica-harris-new-book-memoir-my-soul-looks-back.html "Do You Remember When Icons Could Preach and Boogie?"], ''The Cut'', May 9, 2017.</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Harris anakaa Brooklyn, shamba la mizabibu la Martha na New Orleans take.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nadler|first1=Holly|title=After Katrina: Jessica Harris reflects on the hurricane's 10th anniversary|url=http://www.mvtimes.com/2015/09/05/after-katrina-jessica-harris-reflects-on-the-hurricanes-10th-anniversary/|accessdate=15 July 2017|work=The Martha's Vineyard Times|date=5 September 2015}}</ref> == Kazi na Makala == *''Hot Stuff: Kitabu cha Kupikia cha Kumsifu Mwiwi ", [[Vitabu vya Atheneum | Atheneum], 1985 - kurasa 278 * "Juisi ya Anga na Samaki wa Kuruka: Ladha ya Bara", Simon & Schuster, kurasa 1991 - 240 * "Kuonja Brazil: Mapishi ya Kikanda na Kumbukizi", [[Macmillan Publishers | Macmillan]], 1992 - 285 kurasa * "Kitabu cha Urembo Ulimwenguni: Jinsi Sisi Sote Tunavyoweza Kuangalia na Kujisikia Ajabu Kutumia Siri za Urembo za Asili za Wanawake wa Rangi", [[HarperSanFrancisco]], 1995 - 211 kurasa * "Jedwali la Kukaribisha: Kupikia Urithi wa Kiafrika na Amerika", [[Simon & Schuster]], Februari 2, 1995 - kurasa 285 * "Kwa Upande: Mapishi Zaidi ya 100 kwa Upande, Saladi, na Viunga vinavyotengeneza Chakula", Simon & Schuster, 1998 - 176 kurasa * "Kwanzaa Keepsake: Kuadhimisha Likizo na Mila na Sikukuu Mpya", Simon & Schuster, 1998 - 176 kurasa * '' Africa Cookbook: Ladha ya Bara '', Simon na Schuster, 1998 - 382 kurasa * "Chungu cha Chuma na Vijiko vya Mbao: Zawadi za Afrika kwa Upikaji wa Ulimwengu Mpya", Simon & Schuster, Februari 3, 1999 - kurasa 224 <ref> {{Cite news | url = https: //www.publishersweekly.com/978 -0-689-11872-2 | title = Mapitio ya Kitabu cha Kutunga: Sufuria za Chuma na Vijiko vya Mbao: Zawadi za Afrika kwa Upishi wa Ulimwengu Mpya na Jessica B. Harris, Mwandishi Atheneum Books $ 19.95 (195p) ISBN 978-0-689-11872-2 | tarehe = Juni 1, 1989 | kazi = Wachapishaji kila wiki | tarehe ya kufikia = 2017-07-15 | lugha = en}} </ref> <ref> {{Taja habari | url = https: //www.kirkusreviews. com / kitaalam-kitabu / jessica-b-harris-2 / vyungu-vya-chuma-na-mbao-vijiko-afrika-zawadi-kwa-ne / | title = MAFUNZO YA CHUMA NA MIJANI YA KIJIVU: Zawadi za Afrika kwa Kupikia Ulimwengu Mpya Na Jessica B Harris | kazi = Mapitio ya Kirkus | tarehe ya kufikia = Julai 15, 2017}} </ref> * '' Zaidi ya Gumbo: Chakula cha Mchanganyiko wa Creole kutoka Ukingo wa Atlantiki ", [[Simon & Schuster]], Februari 25, 2003 - kurasa 400 <ref> {{Cite news | url = https: //www.publishersweekly.com / 978-0-684-87062-5 | title = Mapitio ya Kitabu cha Kutunga: BEYOND GUMBO: Chakula cha Foleni ya Creole kutoka Ukingo wa Atlantiki na Jessica Harris, Mwandishi. Simon & Schuster $ 27 (400p) ISBN 978-0-684-87062-5 | tarehe = Februari 17, 2003 | kazi = Wachapishaji kila wiki | tarehe ya kufikia = 2017-07-15 | lugha = en}} </ref> < Ref> {{Taja habari | url = http: //people.com/archive/picks-and-pans-review-beyond-gumbocreole-fusion-food-from-the-atlantic-rim-vol-60-no-19 / | title = Chaguo za kuchukua na sufuria: Zaidi ya Gumbo: Chakula cha Foleni ya Creole kutoka Ukingo wa Atlantiki - Vol. 60 No 19 | date = 2003-11-10 | work = People | date-date = 2017-07-15 | language = en-US}} </ref> <ref> {{Taja habari | url = https: //www.nytimes.com/2003/06/01/books/cooking.html|title=COOKING|last=Garner|first=Dwight|date=2003-06-01|work=The New York Times | tarehe ya kufikia = 2017-07-15 | lugha = en-US | imetolewa = 0362-4331}} </ref> * "Juu juu ya Nguruwe: Safari ya upishi kutoka Afrika kwenda Amerika", [[Bloomsbury Publishing USA]], Januari 11, 2011 - kurasa 304 <ref>{{Cite news | url = https: //www.kirkusreviews .com / kitabu-kitaalam / jessica-b-harris / high-hog / | title = JUU YA MBOGA Safari ya upishi kutoka Afrika kwenda Amerika na Jessica B. Harris | tarehe = Oktoba 4, 2010 | kazi = Mapitio ya Kirkus | ufikiaji -tarehe = Julai 15, 2017 }}</ref> Vinywaji vya Rum: Visa 50 vya Karibiani, Kutoka Cuba Bure hadi Rum Daisy ", Vitabu vya Mambo ya nyakati, Julai 23, mwaka 2013 - kurasa 168 * "Meza ya Shamba la Mzabibu la Martha", [[Vitabu vya Mambo ya Nyakati]], Julai 30, 2013 - kurasa 204 <ref> {{Taja habari | url = https: //www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-8118- 4999-9 | title = Mapitio ya Kitabu kisicho cha uwongo: Jedwali la Shamba la Mzabibu la Martha na Jessica B. Harris, Mwandishi, Susie Cushner, Mpiga Picha. Mambo ya nyakati $ 35 (203p) ISBN 978-0-8118-4999-9 | tarehe = Februari 19, 2007 | kazi = Wachapishaji kila wiki | tarehe ya kufikia = 2017-07-15 | lugha = en}} </ref> * "Nafsi Yangu Inaangalia Nyuma", Scribner (mchapishaji) | Scribner, 2017 - 244 kurasa == Viungo vya nje == * http: //africooks.com/index.php == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] ts0ntyz6ad80woq4s5bd8xybcpxirmx 0 136180 1236744 1188821 2022-07-30T04:00:54Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Joanne Catherall Ostende 07.jpg|thumb|Joanne_Catherall_Ostende_07]] '''Joanne Grant''' ([[Utica, New York|Utica]], [[New York]], [[Machi 30]], [[1930]] - [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]], [[Januari 9]], [[2005]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi wa habari]] [[Mmarekani]] Mweusi na [[mwanaharakati]] wa Kikomunisti. Alikuwa mwandishi wa '' Guardian wa Kitaifa '', ambapo alishughulikia Harakati za Haki za Kiraia za Kusini mwa Amerika kati ya[[ 1960]]. Alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[vitabu]] vitatu kuhusu enzi hiyo na [[mkurugenzi]] wa uandishi kuhusu Ella Baker. Kitabu chake cha 1968, "Black Protest", "kilichokuwa kinahitajika katika kusoma" kwa madarasa ya Kiafrika na Marekani<ref name="latimesobit"/>. ==Maisha yake ya mwazo == Joanne Grant alizaliwa mnamo Machi 30, mwaka 1930<ref name="theguardianobit">{{cite news|last1=Simon|first1=John J.|title=Joanne Grant|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/jan/26/pressandpublishing.usnews|access-date=August 30, 2016|work=The Guardian|date=January 26, 2005}}</ref><ref name="latimesobit">{{cite news|title=Joanne Grant, 74; Chronicled the Early Civil Rights Movement|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2005/jan/16/local/me-passings16.3|access-date=August 30, 2016|work=The Los Angeles Times|date=January 16, 2005}}</ref><ref name="nytimesobit">{{cite news|last1=Bayot|first1=Jennifer|title=Joanne Grant, 74; Documented Grassroots Efforts on Civil Rights|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/15/obituaries/joanne-grant-74-documented-grassroots-efforts-on-civil-rights.html?_r=0|access-date=August 30, 2016|work=The New York Times|date=January 15, 2005}}</ref>Baba yake alikuwa mzungu na mama yake alikuwa mchanganyiko wa rangi .<ref name="theguardianobit"/> Hivyo alikuwa ni chotara.<ref name="theguardianobit"/><ref name="nytimesobit"/> Grant alihitimu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Syracuse, shahada ya kwanza katika uandishi wa habari.<ref name="theguardianobit"/><ref name="latimesobit"/><ref name="nytimesobit"/> ==Kazi zake== Grant alianza kazi yake katika uhusiano wa umma huko [[New York City]].<ref name="theguardianobit"/> Wakati huo huo, alihudhuria Tamasha la 6 la Ulimwengu la Vijana na Wanafunzi huko ''Moscow'', Umoja wa Kisovyeti mnamo mwaka [[1957]], pamoja na Wamarekani wengine 140.<ref name="theguardianobit"/>Alitembelea pia Uchina pamoja na Wamarekani wengine 56, ingawa raia wa Marekani hawakuruhusiwa kutembelea taifa hilo la kikomunisti wakati huo.<ref name="theguardianobit"/> Alitembelea pia India, Afrika na Cuba.<ref name="theguardianobit"/> Aliporudi New York City, aliwahi kuwa msaidizi wa kiongozi wa haki za raia W. E. B. Du Bois.<ref name="theguardianobit"/>Mnamo Februari 3, 1960, alifunuliwa na Kamati ya Shughuli za Un-Amerika kama mshiriki wa Chama cha Kikomunisti USA.<ref name="gosse145">{{cite book|last1=Gosse|first1=Van|title=Where the Boys are: Cuba, Cold War America and the Making of a New Left|date=1993|publisher=Verso|location=New York|isbn=9780860914167|oclc=29748741|page=145|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wjFy44EcVQAC&q=Joanne+Grant+socialist&pg=PA145|quote=In this case, the main factional opponents from the Trotskyist point of view were Victor Rabinowitz, a well-known leftwing lawyer with the firm Boudin and Rabinowitz, and a young activist named Joanne Grant, then a staff writer for the National Guardian, who on 3 February 1960, had been named as a member of the Harlem Youth section of the CPUSA before the House Un-American Activities Committee.}}</ref> Grant alikua mwandishi na "Mlezi wa Kitaifa",wa gazeti la mlengwa wa kushoto, katika miaka ya [[1960]].<ref name="theguardianobit"/><ref name="latimesobit"/><ref name="nytimesobit"/> Alishughulikia Harakati ya Haki za Kiraia za Amerika, na aliandika juu ya kukutana kwake na weusi katika miji midogo kote Alabama, Mississippi na Georgia (jimbo la Marekani).<ref name="theguardianobit"/> Mwanamama huyu aliandika utekelezaji usiopitia mchakato wa kisheria huko nchini marekani na amerika ya kusini.<ref name="theguardianobit"/> Wakati huo huo, alikua mshiriki wa Kamati ya Kuratibu Isiyo ya Ukatili kwa Wanafunzi.<ref name="theguardianobit"/><ref name="latimesobit"/> Grant aliwahi kuwa mkurugenzi wa habari wa WBAI, kituo cha redio cha mlengwa wa kushoto, mnamo mwaka 1965.<ref name="theguardianobit"/> Aliandika, akaelekeza na akaandaa "Fundi: Hadithi ya Ella Baker", maandishi kuhusu kiongozi wa haki za raia Ella Baker, mnamo mwaka 1981.<ref name="theguardianobit"/><ref name="latimesobit"/> Muigizaji Harry Belafonte alikuwa msimulizi; filamu hiyo ilionyeshwa PBS na kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la London.<ref name="theguardianobit"/><ref name="latimesobit"/> Grant alikuwa mwandishi wa vitabu vitatu kuhusu Harakati ya Haki za Kiraia. Kitabu cha kwanza, '' Black Protest '', kilichapishwa mnamo 1968.<ref name="latimesobit"/>Kitabu chake cha pili, "Confrontation on Campus", kilichapishwa mnamo 1969. Kilikuwa kinahusu Maandamano ya Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia cha 1968.<ref name="latimesobit"/> Kitabu chake cha tatu, "Ella Baker: Freedom Bound," ilikuwa wasifu wa Ella Baker.<ref name="latimesobit"/> ==Maisha yake binafsi na kifo chake == Grant aliolewa na Victor Rabinowitz,<ref name="theguardianobit"/><ref name="nytimesobit"/> mtoto wa mfanyabiashara na mfadhili ([Louis M. Rabinowitz]]. Walikuwa na mtoto wa kiume, Mark, na binti, Abby.<ref name="theguardianobit"/> Grant alikufa mnamo Januari 9, mwaka 2005, huko Manhattan, New York City.<ref name="theguardianobit"/><ref name="nytimesobit"/> Akiwa na miaka 74.<ref name="theguardianobit"/><ref name="latimesobit"/> Machapisho na vitabu vyake vimehifadhiwa katika Maktaba ya Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia.<ref name="columbiapapers">{{cite web|title=Joanne Grant research files, 1963-1968|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/archival/collections/ldpd_6892009/|website=Columbia University Libraries Archival Section|publisher=Columbia University|access-date=August 30, 2016}}</ref> ==Vitabu== *{{cite book|title=Black Protest: History, Documents, And Analysis 1619 To The Present|date=1968|publisher=Fawcett Publications|location=Greenwich, Connecticut|oclc=424043}} *{{cite book|title=Confrontation on Campus: The Columbia Pattern for the New Protest|date=1969|publisher=New American Library|location=New York|oclc=32244}} *{{cite book|title=Ella Baker: Freedom Bound|url=https://archive.org/details/ellabakerfreedom0000gran|date=1998|publisher=Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=9780585270197|oclc=45728915}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0080679/ Fundi: The Story of Ella Baker (1981)] on [[IMDb]] *[https://library.osu.edu/collections/spec.rare.cms.0166 Joanne Grant Papers] at The Ohio State University's Rare Books & Manuscripts Library {{DEFAULTSORT:Grant, Joanne}} ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1930]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2005]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] nauegvzr0i87pfo7cugcamjzwjat4eh 0 136181 1236745 1188840 2022-07-30T04:04:40Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Briahna Joy Gray SXSW 2019.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Briahna Joy Grey, amezaliwa mnamo Agosti 15,1985]] '''Briahna Joy Gray''' (alizaliwa [[Agosti 15]], [[1985]]) ni mtangazaji wa kisiasa wa nchini [[Marekani]], wakili, na mshauri wa kisiasa ambaye aliwahi kuwa katibu wa Kitaifa wa Wanahabari wa kampeni ya urais Bernie Sanders wa [[mwaka]] [[2020]]. Kabla ya kujiunga na kampeni hiyo, Grey alikuwa mhariri aliyechangia Mambo ya Sasa (jarida) | "" Mambo ya Sasa ", na pia mhariri mwandamizi wa siasa wa '' The Intercept ''. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/staff/briahnagray/|title=Briahna Gray|website=The Intercept|language=en|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-2020-election-new-hires_n_5c910752e4b0d50545006ea4|title=Bernie Sanders Hires 2 Journalists For Presidential Campaign|last=Fang|first=Marina|date=2019-03-19|website=HuffPost|language=en|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://politi.co/2JGNNNv|title=Sanders campaign: Media 'find Bernie annoying, discount his seriousness'|last=Calderone|first=Michael|website=POLITICO|language=en|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Grey alizaliwa Agosti 15, 1985 katika Hospitali ya Chuo Kikuu cha Howard, Washington, D.C. <ref>{{cite tweet|user=briebriejoy|number=1294336677419405313|date=14 August 2020|title=My birthday is tomorrow!}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|user=briebriejoy|number=1270908547128332289|date=10 June 2020|title=I am 34. Dont want to be 35. Certainly don’t want to be 36. Easy.}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|user=briebriejoy|number=1102354034911072258|date=3 March 2019|title=Here it is. The new “white adjacent” is “you’re not a real black person because you’re not ADOS.” Except I am. It kills these folks that they can’t dismiss me for identity reasons. Born to two black Bisons in Howard University hospital.}}</ref> Wazazi wake wote walikuwa walimu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/briebriejoy/status/1105861223441203201|title=My parents were so committed to getting us a quality education (which we weren't getting in NC public schools) that they literally became teachers in the international school circuit so that we could have a better education for free. (Tuition was free for teacher's kids).|last=Gray|first=Briahna Joy|date=2019-03-13|website=@briebriejoy|language=en|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref> Grey alipata Shahada ya Sanaa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard na Daktari wa Juris kutoka Shule ya Sheria ya Harvard. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://heavy.com/news/2019/03/briahna-joy-gray-bernie-sanders-press-secretary/|title=Briahna Joy Gray, Bernie Sanders' Press Secretary: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|last=Dwilson|first=Stephanie Dube|date=2019-03-20|website=Heavy.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref> == Kazi zake == Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka shule ya sheria, Grey alifanya [[kazi]] kwenye kampuni ya madai katika New York City kwa Dewey Pegno & Kramarsky LLP na Stroock & Lavan. Alikuwa pia mwenyeji wa "Mtu Mbaya kwenye Wavuti," podcast ambayo inashughulikia siasa na utamaduni wa pop. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonian.com/2018/04/26/the-intercept-adds-an-editor-wholl-cover-the-democrats-future/|title=The Intercept Adds an Editor Who'll Cover the Democrats' Future {{!}} Washingtonian (DC)|date=2018-04-26|website=Washingtonian|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref> Grey aliajiriwa na "The Intercept" mnamo 2018, na pia ameandika safu za "Rolling Stone", Mambo ya Sasa (jarida) | "Mambo ya Sasa", "The Guardian", na New York ( Jarida la New York) ". Alikuwa msaidizi wa kampeni ya urais ya Bernie Sanders 2016 na alijiunga na kampeni yake ya 2020 kama Katibu wake wa Kitaifa wa Wanahabari. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theroot.com/bernie-sanders-messenger-press-secretary-briahna-joy-g-1842429092|title= Bernie Sanders' Messenger: Press Secretary Briahna Joy Gray Keeps Fighting the Good Fight|website= The Root|access-date= April 14, 2020}}</ref> Grey amesema kuwa alimpigia kura Jill Stein katika uchaguzi wa urais wa Marekani 2016 | uchaguzi wa rais wa 2016. <ref>{{cite web |title=Regarding Briahna Joy Gray, the national press secretary for the Bernie Sanders 2020 campaign |url=https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2019/3/24/1843669/-Regarding-Briahna-Joy-Gray-the-national-press-secretary-for-the-Bernie-Sanders-2020-campaign |website=Daily Kos |access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |user=briebriejoy |author=Briahna Joy Gray |number=888555665865814017 |date=21 July 2017 |title=I voted for Jill Stein. Feel free to hear my explanation re why on an early ep of @SWOTIpodcast}}</ref> Baada ya kujiunga na kampeni ya Sanders mnamo Machi 2019, Grey alikua mwenyeji wa "Sikia Bern," podcast iliyofadhiliwa na kampeni hiyo ambayo ina mahojiano na watu mashuhuri wanaoendelea, waandishi wa habari, na watu wa kisiasa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://berniesanders.com/podcast/|title=Podcast|website=Bernie Sanders - Official Campaign Website|language=en|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref> Grey pia imeonyeshwa kwenye Habari za CBS, MSNBC, Bloomberg News, "Ripoti ya Wengi na Sam Seder", "The Michael Brooks Show," na Rising (kipindi cha habari) | "" Kupanda "kwenye Kilima ( Gazeti la Hill). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msnbc.com/politicsnation/watch/national-press-secretary-for-sanders-2020-campaign-on-diversity-of-supporters-76060229592|title=National press secretary for Sanders 2020 campaign on diversity of supporters|website=MSNBC.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Bernie Sanders raises $25 million; press secretary discusses campaign strategy|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rbWy5QAuego|language=en|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/hilltv/rising/436731-sanders-spokeswoman-briahna-joy-gray-discussess-healthcare-and-2020-democratic|title=Sanders spokeswoman Briahna Joy Gray discusses healthcare and 2020 Democratic race|last=Sheffield|first=Matthew|date=2019-04-01|website=TheHill|language=en|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://staging.majority.fm/|title=The Majority Report|website=The Majority Report|language=en|access-date=2020-02-21|accessdate=2021-05-22|archivedate=2020-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221022648/https://staging.majority.fm/}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Bernie Sanders National Press Secretary on Resonating With Voters|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfJTsg9BXJI|language=en|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref> Gray appeared as a guest speaker at the ''[[Harvard Law Review]]'' [[Harvard Law Review|Forum]]''.''<ref>{{Citation|title=Policing Identity Politics in Trump's America: Briahna Joy Gray at The Harvard Law Forum|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzE9sUiAcP8|language=en|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2020, Grey ilijumuishwa katika Bahati (jarida) | "Bahati" jarida la '40 Under 40 'la jarida chini ya kitengo cha "Serikali na Siasa" <ref>{{Cite web|title=Briahna Joy Gray {{!}} 2020 40 under 40 in Government and Politics|url=https://fortune.com/40-under-40/2020/briahna-joy-gray/|access-date=2020-09-13|website=Fortune|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Aprili 13, 2020 baada ya Bernie Sanders kujiondoa kwenye mchujo wa urais wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha 2020 | Msingi wa urais wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha 2020, Grey alisema kwenye Twitter kwamba hakuidhinisha mteule wa Rais wa Kidemokrasia Joe Biden. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/492564-sanders-campaign-spokeswoman-i-dont-endorse-joe-biden|title= Sanders campaign spokeswoman: 'I don't endorse Joe Biden'|website= The Hill|date= 13 April 2020|access-date= April 14, 2020}}</ref> In response, Bernie Sanders distanced himself from her saying that “She is my former press secretary — not on the payroll.”<ref>{{cite web|url= https://apnews.com/a1bfb62e37fe34e09ff123a58a1329fa |title= AP Interview: Sanders says opposing Biden is 'irresponsible' |website= AP |date= 14 April 2020|access-date= June 12, 2020}}</ref> Sanders also stated that it would be "irresponsible" not to vote for [[Joe Biden]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/a1bfb62e37fe34e09ff123a58a1329fa|title= AP Interview: Sanders says opposing Biden is irresponsible |website= Associated Press|accessdate= January 26, 2021}}</ref> Tangu kumalizika kwa kampeni ya msingi ya Kidemokrasia ya Bernie Sanders, Gray alirudi kwenye jukumu lake kama mhariri anayechangia katika Maswala ya Sasa (jarida) | "Mambo ya Sasa" pamoja na kuandaa mwenyeji wa "Imani Mbaya" podcast na " 'Chapo Trap House' mwenyeji mwenza Virgil Texas. Moja ya vipindi vilivyojadiliwa zaidi kwenye podcast ilikuwa mjadala wa Oktoba 2020 na Noam Chomsky, ambaye aliwasihi wasikilizaji wampigie Joe Biden kama urais wa pili wa Trump itakuwa hatari zaidi kwa ulimwengu; Chomsky ameitaja Chama cha Republican (Marekani) | Chama cha Republican kama moja ya mashirika hatari zaidi Duniani, haswa kutokana na hatua za chama hicho juu ya shida ya hali ya hewa duniani. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/noam-chomsky-republican-party-most-dangerous-organisation-human-history-us-politics-mit-linguist-a7706026.html|title= Noam Chomsky: Republican Party is the most dangerous organization in human history|website= The Independent|date= 27 April 2017|access-date= May 5, 2021}}</ref> Kinyume chake, Grey na Texas walisema kwamba waendelezaji wanapaswa kuwa tayari kupiga kura kwa moja ya vyama vikuu ikiwa viwango vimetimizwa. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.currentaffairs.org/2020/10/the-chomsky-position-on-voting|title=The Chomsky position on voting|first=Nathan|last=Robinson|publisher=Current Affairs|date=2020-10-16|access-date=2020-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://areomagazine.com/2020/10/28/why-the-socialist-left-should-vote-for-biden/|title=Why the socialist left should vote for Biden|first1=Ben|last1=Burgis|first2=Matt|last2=McManus|publisher=Areo|date=2020-10-28|access-date=2020-11-30}}</ref> Gray ni mchangiaji wa Taasisi ya Gravel. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvI68YO7dVY|date=28 September 2020|title=How to Defeat PragerU: Introducing the Gravel Institute|author=[[H. Jon Benjamin]] & The Gravel Institute|publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=September 29, 2020}}</ref> Ameonekana kama mgeni kwenye "The West Wing Thing" podcast. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://westwingthing.libsyn.com/game-on-wspecial-guest-briahna-joy-gray|title=The West Wing Thing: Game On w/Special Guest Briahna Joy Gray|website=westwingthing.libsyn.com}}</ref> Yeye pia ni mgeni wa mara kwa mara kwenye safu ya wavuti inayopenda, "Kuinuka (onyesho la habari) | Kuinuka" na Krystal Ball na Saagar Enjeti ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gray, Briana}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] cu0fbahxeb4u0tjw9om980vivew6vv5 0 136190 1236746 1201809 2022-07-30T04:06:20Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Gwen_Ifill_PBS_Newshour_cropped_retouched.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Gwendolyn L. Ifill]] '''Gwendolyn L. Ifill''' alizaliwa mnamo [[29 Septemba]], [[1955]] - Novemba 14, [[2016]] <ref name="DeathPolitico">{{Cite web|author=Sutton|first=Kelsey|title=Gwen Ifill dead at age 61|date=2016-11-14|work=[[Politico]]|accessdate=2016-11-14|url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/on-media/2016/11/gwen-ifill-dies-at-age-61-231347}}</ref> alikuwa [[mwandishi wa habari]], mtangazaji wa [[televisheni]], na [[mwandishi]] wa [[Marekani]]. Mwaka [[1999]], alikuwa [[Wamarekani weusi|Mmarekani mweusi]] [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kutangaza kwenye [[runinga]] ya Marekani [[:en:Public_affairs_(broadcasting)|public affairs]] katika kipindi cha ''[[:en:Washington_Week_in_Review|Washington Week in Review]]''. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Byers|first=Dylan|title=PBS newscaster Gwen Ifill has died|url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/11/14/media/gwen-ifill-obituary/index.html|publisher=CNN|accessdate=November 16, 2016|date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> Alikuwa msimamizi na mhariri anayesimamia kipindi cha ''[[:en:Washington_Week|Washington Week]]'' na nanga-mwenza na mhariri mwenza wa kusimamia, na Judy Woodruff, wa ''PBS NewsHour'', kwenye PBS .Ifill alikuwa mchambuzi wa kisiasa na alisimamia mijadala ya makamu wa rais wa 2004 na 2008. Aliandika kitabu kilichouzwa zaidi ''The Breakthrough: Politics and Race in the Age of Obama'' . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Jones|first=Vanessa E.|title=Breaking through|url=http://archive.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2009/03/05/breaking_through/|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|accessdate=November 14, 2016|date=March 5, 2009}}</ref> == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Ifill alizaliwa katika kitongoji cha Queens cha Jamaika katika [[New York|Jiji la New York]], <ref>Roberts, Sam. </ref> alikua mtoto wa tano kati ya watoto sita wa [[African Methodist Episcopal Church|waziri wa Maaskofu wa]] Kiethodisti wa Kiafrika (AME) (Oliver) Urcille Ifill, Sr., Panamanian mwenye asili ya Barbadist ambaye alihama kutoka Panama, na Eleanor Ifill, ambaye alikuwa tokea Barbados. <ref name="biography">{{Cite web|title=Gwen Ifill Biography|url=http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=212144|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001051535/http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=212144|archivedate=October 1, 2008|work=Biography|year=2008|accessdate=September 18, 2008}}</ref> <ref name="answers">{{Cite web|author=Carol Brennan|title=Black Biography: Gwen Ifill|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/gwen-ifill|work=Contemporary Black Biography|publisher=Gale Group|year=2008|accessdate=September 18, 2008}}</ref> Huduma ya baba yake ilihitaji familia kuishi katika miji kadhaa huko [[New England]] na kwenye Seaboard ya Mashariki wakati wa ujana wake, ambapo alichunga makanisa ya AME. Alipokuwa mtoto aliishi katika [[Pennsylvania|nyumba za kanisa za Pennsylvania]] na [[Massachusetts]] na katika nyumba za ruzuku za serikali huko [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] na New York City. <ref name="Time profile">{{Cite journal|last=Suddath, Claire|date=October 2, 2008|title=Debate Moderator Gwen Ifill|url=http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1846354,00.html|journal=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=October 3, 2008|archive-date=2016-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115132155/http://content.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1846354,00.html|dead-url=yes|=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115132155/http://content.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1846354,00.html}}</ref> Ifill alihitimu kutoka ''Springfield Central High School Springfield, Massachusetts'' (wakati huo Shule ya Upili ya Classical) mnamo [[1973]]. <ref>[https://www.masslive.com/entertainment/2016/11/pbs_anchor_gwen_ifill_former_s.html]</ref> Alihitimu mnamo [[1977]] na kapata Shahada ya Sanaa katika mawasiliano kutoka Chuo cha ''Simmons'', chuo cha wanawake huko [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], [[Massachusetts]] . <ref name="nndb">{{Cite web|accessdate=September 6, 2008|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/065/000044930/|title=Gwen Ifill|work=The Notable Names Database|publisher=nndb.com|year=2008}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] s401gnwygqz5wxcx61omkmiltmlfy3m 0 136193 1236761 1188799 2022-07-30T04:48:13Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Jamilah_Lemieux_at_Brooklyn_Museum_2015.png|thumb| Jamilah Lemieux]] '''Jamilah Lemieux''' ([[Julai 22]], [[1984]]) ni [[mwandishi]], mwanasanaa na mhariri wa nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name="ebony">{{cite web|title=#teamEBONY|url=http://www.ebony.com/team-ebony#axzz2J1Aupudk/|work=Ebony|publisher=www.ebony.com|accessdate=Jan 25, 2012}}</ref> Ni mwandishi aliyekua Blogger aliekuwa akifanya [[kazi]] katika magazeti ya ''Ebony (magazine)'', Cassius Magazine, na ''Interactive One'',pamoja na kituo cha [[redio]] cha ''Radio One'',pia alikiuwa ni mtanfazji wa kipindi cha ''Mom & Dad Are Fighting''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://theglowup.theroot.com/like-a-mother-with-a-new-column-and-coast-writer-acti-1836717252|title=Like a Mother: With a New Column and Coast, Writer-Activist Jamilah Lemieux Talks Progressive Parenting|website=The Glow Up|language=en-us|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wnyc.org/story/mom--dad-keep-your-head-above-water/|title=Mom & Dad: Keep Your Head Above Water {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News|website=WNYC|language=en|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref> ==Maisha ya Awali == Lemieux alizaliwa na kukulia katika [[jiji]] la [[Chicago]], [[baba]] yake ni David Lemieux, mwanachama wa zamani wa chama cha Black Panther Party, aliYetokea katika [[filamu]] ya ''The Spook Who Sat by the Door'' mwaka [[1973]] Lemieux ana [[shahada]] kutoka chuo kikuu cha Howard.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cjr.org/first_person/black-media.php|title=The power and fragility of working in black media|website=Columbia Journalism Review|language=en|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref> na pia ni mwanachama wa ''Alpha Kappa Alpha''.<ref name="ebony" /> == Taaluma == === Uandishi === Mara baada ya kumaliza chuo kikuu ,Jamilah alianza kazi ya uandishi, akiandika katika blospot pamoja na mitandaoni,blog yake mara nyingi ilikuwa ikizungumzia masuala ya mahusiano .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thefeministwire.com/2013/02/feminists-we-love-jamilah-lemieux/|title=Feminists We Love: Jamilah Lemieux – The Feminist Wire|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref> ni mshindi mara tatu wa tuzo za ''Black Weblog Awards''.{{Citation needed|date=February 2020}} mnamo Mwaka [[2011]], Lemieux alikuwa mhariri katika hazeti la Ebony Magazine. Mwaka 2014 alikuwa mhariri msaidi na mwaka 2015 alikuwa mhariri mkuu Makala za Lemieux zimekuwa zikitokea katika katika vyombo kadhaa vya habari kama ''Mic media company'', ''Essence Magazine'', ''The Nation'', ''The Washington Post'', ''The New York Times'', na ''The Guardian'',mara nyingi amekuwa akiandika pia kuhusian na utamaduni. ==Maisha binafsi== Lemieux ana mtoto mmoja wa kike ''Naima'' (aliyezaliwa 2013).<ref name=":0" /> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 05i6q318fx2u4retz7nhxg6ihcv197c 0 136199 1236765 1189203 2022-07-30T05:02:02Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Angela Jellison''' (alizaliwa [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[Agosti 7]], [[1969]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[Marekani]] na [[Daktari]] wa [[sheria]]<ref name=Amzn>{{cite web|title=Where Everything Fits Beautifully|url=https://www.amazon.com/Where-Everything-Beautifully-Angela-Jellison/dp/1419663984|work=Amazon.com|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=18 April 2011}}</ref> anayeishi [[New England]]. Yeye ni mhitimu wa Chuo cha Mjini cha Boston na Bay Path College huko Longmeadow, [[Massachusetts]]. Ana shahada ya sheria kutoka Massachusetts School of Law huko [[Andover, Massachusetts]].<ref>Joyce Angela Jellison-Hounkanrin, [https://blog.lexinsight.ai/the-letter-of-the-law-is-black-but-the-color-of-law-is-white "The letter of the law is black, but the color of law is white"], ''LexInsight Blog'', June 13, 2018.</ref> ==Miaka ya mapema== Joyce Angela Jellison ni [[mtoto]] wa mwisho kati ya watoto wanne(4).<ref>Talia Whyte, [https://www.baystatebanner.com/2009/01/07/local-poet-strives-to-amplify-the-voices-of-black-women/ "Local poet strives to amplify the voices of black women"], ''The Bay State Banner'', January 7, 2009.</ref> Alihudhuria [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Jimbo la Pennsylvania kwa muda mfupi kabla ya kuondoka na kujiunga na Hifadhi ya Jeshi la Merika. Aliporudi nyumbani kutoka mafunzo ya kimsingi, alihudhuria Taasisi ya Sanaa ya Philadelphia. ==kazi ya magazeti== Amekasirika na utendaji wake wa masomo na kuchukua ushauri wa mwalimu kuzingatia uandishi, Jellison alihamia ''New England''. Alikuwa Stringer (uandishi wa habari) | stringer kwa gazeti la hapa, '' The Lynn Sunday Post ''. "Nadhani nilikuwa mwandishi mbaya kabisa," anasema wakati huu. "Hakika nilikuwa kweli wenye njaa zaidi na kuchukua hadithi yoyote iliyonipitia. Nilining'inia sana na matokeo yake nilijikwaa na hadithi kadhaa nzuri. Sikujua chochote kuhusu uandishi wa habari. Nilipata kazi hiyo na insha niliyoandika nyumbani na nakala kutoka kwa mradi wa habari wa shule ya upili. " Mnamo mwaka ''1999'', alihitimu kutoka Chuo cha Mjini cha ''Boston'',alisoma chuo kwa miaka miwili. Alihamia Lenoir, North Carolina, ambapo aliajiriwa na "Habari-Mada | Habari za Lenoir-Mada" kama mwandishi wa biashara. Mwaka huo alishinda Tuzo ya Chama cha Waandishi wa Habari cha ''North Carolina'' cha 1999 cha Habari ya Biashara ya Habari juu ya hadithi zake kuhusu maisha ''gerezani na Associated Press'' Nukuu ya kazi yake wakati wa kesi ya jinai ya ''Robert Frederick Glass'', mtu aliyehukumiwa kumuua ''Sharon Lopatka'', Maryland mwanamke. "Ilikuwa mara yangu ya kwanza kupata habari za kila siku," Jellison anasema. "Nilijifunza jinsi nilivyoandika na niliweza kuzingatia hadithi ambazo zilinivutia. Nilijifunza kuwa nilikuwa na ladha ya kufunua dhuluma za kijamii na hii ndio nilifanya au nilijaribu kufanya. Wakati huo huo, nilikuwa nikipambana na mawazo mazuri ya kijana wa kiume ambayo yapo katika vyumba vya habari vya Amerika. Nilikuwa mtu mweusi tu na ndiye mwanamke pekee katika magazeti mengi na ilikuwa changamoto ya kila wakati. Baada ya karibu mwaka katika "News-Topic", Jellison aliajiriwa kama mwandishi wa uhalifu wa "Hickory Daily Record". Mnamo 2000, alipewa tuzo ya Media General ya Uandishi wa Habari kwa hadithi yake UKIMWI akiwa gerezani, nakala hiyo ilichukuliwa na Associated Press, ilionyesha hitaji la matibabu zaidi na VVU katika Gereza la North Carolina. Mfumo. Jellison pia aliandika nakala ya jarida la '' Poz (jarida) | Poz '', "Nywele Njoo Kondomu", iliyoelezea kwa kina juhudi za mtunzi wa nywele katika Durham, North Carolina, kuwaelimisha wateja wao juu ya umuhimu wa kutumia kondomu kuzuia kuenea kwa magonjwa ya zinaa. Mbali na hadithi zake zinazoangazia ''UKIMWI'', Jellison aliandika nakala juu ya Mstari wa Kifo ya North Carolina. Akichochewa na hitaji lake la kusoma hadithi kubwa, alikubali kazi kama mwandishi wa serikali ya jiji la "Kiongozi wa Charlotte", huko Charlotte, North Carolina. Mnamo 2002, angehamia Elizabeth City, North Carolina, kufanya kazi kama mhariri wa mpangilio wa "Daily Advance". "Nadhani nimefanya kazi kwa kila uwezo katika chumba cha habari," Jellison amesema. "Jambo moja ambalo sikupenda ni kuhariri. Ilikuwa kama kunaswa kwenye ngome. Ningekuwa nikisoma hadithi na nilijua ningeweza kuziandika vizuri au angalau kuuliza maswali ambayo hayakuulizwa." == Mshairi == Jellison alirudi Boston mnamo 2005. Tangu aliporudi amebadilisha kutoka uandishi wa habari na kumfanya mashairi kama msanii wa maneno katika kumbi anuwai katika eneo la New England kama vile watu mashuhuri Lizard Lounge na Cantab Lounge huko Cambridge, Massachusetts. Kazi yake imeangaziwa katika '' The Daily News Tribune '', '' The Boston Globe '' na '' The MetroWest Daily News ''. Amesema hakosi uandishi wa habari na anafurahiya uhuru wa kuwa mwandishi wa kujitegemea. Yeye ni mwandishi wa wafanyikazi wa Hapalife.com, jarida mkondoni linalochunguza mbio na kitambulisho. Jellison pia amekuwa akiibuka hadharani juu ya vita vyake na ugonjwa wa bi-polar. "Sio kitu ambacho ningeweza kuficha," alisema. "Namaanisha kuna wakati ilikuwa dhahiri nilikuwa nikisawazisha ukweli katika kichwa changu na mahali ambapo mwili wangu upo. Ikiwa mtu yeyote aliuliza sikuwahi kusema uwongo - lakini watu wengi waliogopa kuuliza au haikuwa na maana. Kwa muda mrefu kwani nilitoa hadithi hizo haikujali wahariri wengi. " Yeye ndiye mwandishi wa "Kila kitu kinafaa vizuri", iliyotolewa mnamo Aprili 11, 2007, "Apple Nyeusi", mkusanyiko wa mashairi, hadithi fupi, na insha zilizotolewa mnamo Agosti 2008, na "Ulimi" ( 2010). Kazi yake imelinganishwa na ile ya Lucille Clifton na Nikki Giovanni. ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://joyceangelajellison.yolasite.com/ Joyce Angela Jellison] website. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] 5s9dp3tz180d9mwo9of46e5z97aw0nw 0 136200 1236732 1188727 2022-07-30T03:23:18Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Felicia Mason''' (Alizaliwa Aliquippa, [[Pennsylvania]], [[8 Mei]] [[1962]]) ni [[Wamarekani weusi|Mmarekani mweusi]] [[mwandishi]] na [[Mwanahabari|mwandishi wa habari]]. <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Writers Directory|publisher=St. James Press|year=2015|location=Detroit}}</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuandika katika aina ya mapenzi. [[Riwaya]] yake iitwayo ''Rhapsody'' ilibadilishwa kuwa sinema ya [[runinga]] mnamo [[mwaka]] [[2000]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/BiographiesDetailsPage/BiographiesDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Biographies&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=BIC1&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CH1000161677&source=Bookmark&u=mlin_n_umass&jsid=2025b9cefec78d8dfcf269bef5ed98c8|title=Contemporary Authors Online|date=2015|accessdate=2015-12-19|work=Biography in Context|publisher=Gale}}</ref> == Wasifu == Mason alikulia huko [[Pennsylvania]], lakini [[familia]] yake ilihamia [[Virginia]] wakati alipokuwa mtoto. <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryblac0026unse|title=Contemporary Black Biography|publisher=Gale|year=2001|location=Detroit|url-access=registration}}</ref> Mason alipokea shahada yake katika sanaa ya ''media'' kutoka [[:en:Hampton_University|Hampton Institute]] mnamo mwaka [[1984]] na shahada yake ya uzamili kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la ''Ohio'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/BiographiesDetailsPage/BiographiesDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Biographies&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=BIC1&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CH1000161677&source=Bookmark&u=mlin_n_umass&jsid=2025b9cefec78d8dfcf269bef5ed98c8|title=Contemporary Authors Online|date=2015|accessdate=2015-12-19|work=Biography in Context|publisher=Gale}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/BiographiesDetailsPage/BiographiesDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Biographies&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=BIC1&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CH1000161677&source=Bookmark&u=mlin_n_umass&jsid=2025b9cefec78d8dfcf269bef5ed98c8 "Contemporary Authors Online"]. ''Biography in Context''. Gale. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> Kabla ya kuwa mwandishi, alikuwa mhariri wa maendeleo ya wafanyakazi wa ''Daily Press'' katika [[Newport News]]. Hivi sasa anaishi Yorktown, VA. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] hdu1thwl2lve8b3davoz1wuxtwpwczm 0 136217 1236755 1188911 2022-07-30T04:34:23Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mtu |rangi =Mweusi |jina =J. C. Hayward |picha =J C Hayward speaks at National Institutes of Health.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha =Hayward akizungumza katika Taasisi za Kitaifa za Afya na Taasisi ya Historia ya Afrika na Amerika mwaka 2012 | pronunciation = |jina la kuzaliwa = |alizaliwa =|1945|10|23 |alikufa = |nchi =Marekani |kazi yake =Mwandishi wa habari |ndoa = |wazazi = |watoto = |tovuti rasmi = }} '''J. C. Hayward''' (alizaliwa [[23 Oktoba]] [[1945]], anajulikana pia kama ''Jacqueline Hayward Wilson'') ni Mmarekani ambaye ni Msoma habari. Alifanya [[kazi]] na [[televisheni]] ya ''WUSA9'' huko [[Washington, DC]].Anajulikana sana kwa kuwa mtangazaji wa kwanza wa habari wa kike huko ''Washington, DC'' na mtangazaji wa kwanza wa habari wa kike wa Kiafrika wa Amerika. Katika nyakati za hivi karibuni, ''Hayward'' alihusika katika Kashfa ya Mkataba na kupatwa na ugonjwa wa saratani ya matiti.<ref name=adweek2>{{cite web|url=http://www.adweek.com/tvspy/jc-hayward-retires-from-wusa/139708|title=JC Hayward Retiring from WUSA|website=www.adweek.com}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Jacqueline Hayward Wilson, anayejulikana zaidi kama J. C. Hayward, alizaliwa mnamo [[Oktoba 23]] mwaka [[1945]] huko [[East Orange, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Staff|first1=AFRO|title=Happy Birthday JC Hayward! {{!}} Afro|url=http://www.afro.com/happy-birthday-jc-hayward/|accessdate=January 10, 2018|work=Afro|date=October 24, 2012}}</ref> Ni mhitimu wa Chuo Kikuu cha ''Howard'' akiwa na digrii za pamoja ya [[lugha]] ya [[Kiingereza]] na lugha ya [[Kihispania]].<ref name=washingtonpost1>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2002/02/21/jc-hayward-anchor-of-the-community/a0036b26-4f23-40d2-867b-7b3fe02b53c7/|title=J.C. Hayward, Anchor Of the Community|first=Roxanne|last=Roberts|date=February 21, 2002|publisher=|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref> Amepokea pia [[shahada]] mbili za heshima za udaktari kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha '''Howard''' na Chuo Kikuu cha '''Southeastern University'''.<ref name=arthritismar>https://arthritismar.ejoinme.org/MyEvents/2013DCPurseswithPower/AbouttheHostess/tabid/445545/Default.aspx</ref> Mwaka 1972, Hayward alianza kufanya kazi katika chombo cha habari cha WUSA9 kama msomaji wa habari na akakaa hapo hadi kustaafu kwake mwaka [[2015]]. Mwaka [[2012]], Hayward aligunduliwa kuwa na hatua ya pili ya saratani ya matiti.<ref name="preventcancer">{{cite web|url=http://preventcancer.org/blog/education/buddies-through-breast-cancer/|title=JC Hayward and Andrea Roane: "Buddies" through Breast Cancer - Prevent Cancer Foundation–Stop Cancer Before It Starts!|website=preventcancer.org}}</ref><ref name="adweek2" /> wiki moja tu baada ya uchunguzi kufanyika, uvimbe uliondolewa na kutangazwa kuwa hana saratani.<ref name="preventcancer" /> Mwaka 2013, J. C. Hayward alitajwa katika mashtaka na Shule ya ''Public Charter School''.<ref name="adweek1">{{cite web|url=http://www.adweek.com/tvspy/wusa-anchor-named-in-lawsuit-and-relieved-of-her-duties/106503|title=WUSA Anchor Named in Lawsuit and 'Relieved of Her Duties'|website=www.adweek.com}}</ref>lakini baadaye mwaka huo huo aliondolewa kutoka kwenye kesi hiyo na kuachiliwa kutokana na madai hayo.<ref name="washingtonpost5">{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/former-news-anchor-jc-hayward-dismissed-from-options-charter-lawsuit/2015/08/11/570c29bc-403a-11e5-bfe3-ff1d8549bfd2_story.html|title=Ex-anchor J.C. Hayward dismissed from Options charter lawsuit|first=Michael Alison|last=Chandler|date=August 11, 2015|publisher=|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref>J. C. Hayward kwa sasa anakaa "Fort Lauderdale, Florida", kwa miaka mingi.<ref name="washingtonpost4">{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/jc-hayward-announces-retirement-from-wusa9-after-long-hiatus/2015/01/23/e23094a2-a31d-11e4-903f-9f2faf7cd9fe_story.html|title=J.C. Hayward announced retirement from WUSA9 following long hiatus amid charter school investigation|first1=Michael Alison|last1=Chandler|first2=Emma|last2=Brown|date=January 23, 2015|publisher=|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref> == Kazi na WUSA9 == J. C. Hayward alianza kufanya kazi katika chombo cha habari cha WUSA9 kama msomaji wa habari mwaka [[1973]]. Wakati alipokuwa akifanya kazi ya habari WUSA9, Hayward alipewa sifa ya kuwa msoma habari wa kwanza wa kike huko Washington, D.C.<ref name="adweek2" /> alipokuwa anafanya kazi, watu walikuwa wakizungumzia sana Hayward, walisema alijua wakati wa kufanya kazi lakini pia alijua wakati wa kufurahi. Hayward alihusika sana na jamii ambayo ilimsababisha jamii kumuona alikuwa mwaminifu na kituo cha habari.<ref name="washingtonpost1" /> Along with anchoring on WUSA9 News Now at Noon, Hayward also produced '''JC and Friends''<nowiki/>'<ref name="faceofamericawps">{{cite web|url=http://www.faceofamericawps.com/news/a-no-cs-weekend-in-washington-d-c/|title=A No C's Weekend in Washington, D.C. « Face of America|website=www.faceofamericawps.com}}</ref> J. C. Hayward pia alikuwa [[Makamu wa rais wa media outreach for the station. Mnamo [[2013]] Hayward alisimamishwa kazi hewani baada ya kutajwa katika mashtaka ya shule ya Charter school.<ref name="adweek1" />Alipewa likizo kwenye kituo alicho kuwa anafanyia kazi wakati wa uchunguzi zaidi.<ref name="washingtonpost3">{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/jc-hayward-a-long-time-local-benefactor-awaits-a-legal-resolution/2013/12/17/00cf5d2a-664e-11e3-ae56-22de072140a2_story.html|title=J.C. Hayward: A long-time local benefactor awaits a legal resolution|first=Emma|last=Brown|date=December 17, 2013|publisher=|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref> Muda mfupi baadaye,mwaka [[2015]], baada ya karibu miaka 43 ya kufanya kazi katika chombo cha habari cha WUSA9, J. C. Hayward alitangaza kustaafu kufuatia madai hayo.<ref name="adweek2" /> == Kazi mashuhuri za uandishi wa habari == J. C. Hayward amepata heshima ya kufanya kazi na wageni wengi mashuhuri wakati wote wa kazi yake. Katika maisha yake, Hayward alipata nafasi ya kufanya mahojiano na watu mashuhuri wakiwemo, "Maya Angelou", "Luciano Pavarotti", na Mke wa Rais "Nancy Reagan".<ref name=arthritismar /><ref name=book>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8UGhBgAAQBAJ&q=jc+hayward+emmy&pg=PT342|title=Invisible Stars: A Social History of Women in American Broadcasting|first=Donna|last=Halper|date=February 11, 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317520177|via=Google Books}}</ref>Pamoja na mahojiano hayo, Hayward pia alisimamia hafla kubwa wakati wa enzi yake, kwa mfano J. C. aliweza kusimamia ugeni wa Rais wa Afrika Kusini "Nelson Mandela" alipotembelea Merekani. Wakati Mandela alipokuwa ziarani, pia alipata nafasi ya kufanya mahojiano ya kipekee naye. Hayward pia alikuwa mfanya mahojihano kwa "Kila Wanawake," kipindi cha mazungumzo ya kila siku kwenye Channel 9.<ref name=arthritismar /> kipindi cha mwezi wa watu wenye asili ya Kiafrika nchini Marekani, Alifanya kipindi cha Nine who care kwa watu walio kuwa wanajitolea kwenye jamii.<ref name=washingtonpost1 /> Alikuwa akihusika katika mashirika yanayo jihusisha na miradi ya jamii, kwa mfano alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Bodi ya wadhamini kwenye shule ya Public Charter School. Alikuwa pia mjumbe wa bodi ya Kituo cha Perry Center, Huduma ya Hospitali, Huduma za Dini mbili, Mfuko wa Ulinzi wa Sheria wa NAACP, Summer Opera Theatre Company, na United Black Fund.<ref name=arthritismar /> Hayward alisaidia vilabu vya wavulana & wasichana nchini Marekani ya Greater Washington.<ref name=washingtonpost1 /> In 2012, she also served as the Gala Chair for Arena Stage.<ref name=arthritismar /> Baada ya kupigana afya kutokana na saratani ya matiti, Hayward aliwahimiza wanawake wamakimarekani wenye asili ya kiafrika kupata chanjo ya mammograms.<ref name=washingtonpost2>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/reliable-source/post/jc-hayward-discuss-breast-cancer-diagnosis/2012/04/09/gIQAaIrl6S_blog.html|title=J.C. Hayward discusses breast cancer diagnosis|first=|last=|date=April 10, 2012|work=Washington Post}}</ref> ==Tuzo== Katika kipindi chote cha kazi yake ya uhandishi wa habari, J. C. Hayward alipokea tuzo nyingi na sifa kwa kazi yake. Mwaka wa 1972, Hayward alipokea local Emmy's kwaajili ya makala yake "<nowiki />" Sahel: The Border of Hell"." Mwaka 1976, Hayward alitunukiwa tuzo nyingine ya local Emmy kama Best mtangazaji wa habari. Mwaka 1980, alipata Nishani ya Shaba kutoka ''International Film Festival'' kutokana na makala ya'''We Shall Return''<nowiki/>'. Baada ya kuhojiana na bondia Riddick Bowe, Hayward alipokea local Emmy nyingine mwaka 1994. Mwaka 1995, aliteuliwa na kupokea Tuzo ya Bodi ya Gavana pamoja na kupata tuzo nyingine ya local Emmy "Licha ya mafanikio yake hayo ya kipekee yaliyo onyehsa uimara wake katika habari." = arthritismar /> Mwaka wa 2000, Hayward aliingizwa kwenye kwenye historia ya waandishi wa Habari maarufu na Jamii ya Wanahabari Wataalamu.<ref name=book /> In 2007, Hayward was awarded her final local Emmy in the category of Outstanding Community Affairs. Along with all of the local Emmy, Hayward amewahi kuwa miongoni mwa waliopewa tuzo ya "Washingtonian of the Year." mwaka 2011, J. C. Hayward aliwahi pia kupata tuzo ya kitaifa ya The National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame.<ref name=arthritismar /> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa [[Jamii:habari]]]] rbh02ifkn3hu9p51yo9s2h65k330qlm 1236756 1236755 2022-07-30T04:35:24Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mtu |rangi =Mweusi |jina =J. C. Hayward |picha =J C Hayward speaks at National Institutes of Health.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha =Hayward akizungumza katika Taasisi za Kitaifa za Afya na Taasisi ya Historia ya Afrika na Amerika mwaka 2012 | pronunciation = |jina la kuzaliwa = |alizaliwa =|1945|10|23 |alikufa = |nchi =Marekani |kazi yake =Mwandishi wa habari |ndoa = |wazazi = |watoto = |tovuti rasmi = }} '''J. C. Hayward''' (alizaliwa [[23 Oktoba]] [[1945]], anajulikana pia kama ''Jacqueline Hayward Wilson'') ni Mmarekani ambaye ni Msoma habari. Alifanya [[kazi]] na [[televisheni]] ya ''WUSA9'' huko [[Washington, DC]].Anajulikana sana kwa kuwa mtangazaji wa kwanza wa habari wa kike huko ''Washington, DC'' na mtangazaji wa kwanza wa habari wa kike wa Kiafrika wa Amerika. Katika nyakati za hivi karibuni, ''Hayward'' alihusika katika Kashfa ya Mkataba na kupatwa na ugonjwa wa saratani ya matiti.<ref name=adweek2>{{cite web|url=http://www.adweek.com/tvspy/jc-hayward-retires-from-wusa/139708|title=JC Hayward Retiring from WUSA|website=www.adweek.com}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Jacqueline Hayward Wilson, anayejulikana zaidi kama J. C. Hayward, alizaliwa mnamo [[Oktoba 23]] mwaka [[1945]] huko [[East Orange, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Staff|first1=AFRO|title=Happy Birthday JC Hayward! {{!}} Afro|url=http://www.afro.com/happy-birthday-jc-hayward/|accessdate=January 10, 2018|work=Afro|date=October 24, 2012}}</ref> Ni mhitimu wa Chuo Kikuu cha ''Howard'' akiwa na digrii za pamoja ya [[lugha]] ya [[Kiingereza]] na lugha ya [[Kihispania]].<ref name=washingtonpost1>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2002/02/21/jc-hayward-anchor-of-the-community/a0036b26-4f23-40d2-867b-7b3fe02b53c7/|title=J.C. Hayward, Anchor Of the Community|first=Roxanne|last=Roberts|date=February 21, 2002|publisher=|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref> Amepokea pia [[shahada]] mbili za heshima za udaktari kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha '''Howard''' na Chuo Kikuu cha '''Southeastern University'''.<ref name=arthritismar>https://arthritismar.ejoinme.org/MyEvents/2013DCPurseswithPower/AbouttheHostess/tabid/445545/Default.aspx</ref> Mwaka 1972, Hayward alianza kufanya kazi katika chombo cha habari cha WUSA9 kama msomaji wa habari na akakaa hapo hadi kustaafu kwake mwaka [[2015]]. Mwaka [[2012]], Hayward aligunduliwa kuwa na hatua ya pili ya saratani ya matiti.<ref name="preventcancer">{{cite web|url=http://preventcancer.org/blog/education/buddies-through-breast-cancer/|title=JC Hayward and Andrea Roane: "Buddies" through Breast Cancer - Prevent Cancer Foundation–Stop Cancer Before It Starts!|website=preventcancer.org}}</ref><ref name="adweek2" /> wiki moja tu baada ya uchunguzi kufanyika, uvimbe uliondolewa na kutangazwa kuwa hana saratani.<ref name="preventcancer" /> Mwaka 2013, J. C. Hayward alitajwa katika mashtaka na Shule ya ''Public Charter School''.<ref name="adweek1">{{cite web|url=http://www.adweek.com/tvspy/wusa-anchor-named-in-lawsuit-and-relieved-of-her-duties/106503|title=WUSA Anchor Named in Lawsuit and 'Relieved of Her Duties'|website=www.adweek.com}}</ref>lakini baadaye mwaka huo huo aliondolewa kutoka kwenye kesi hiyo na kuachiliwa kutokana na madai hayo.<ref name="washingtonpost5">{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/former-news-anchor-jc-hayward-dismissed-from-options-charter-lawsuit/2015/08/11/570c29bc-403a-11e5-bfe3-ff1d8549bfd2_story.html|title=Ex-anchor J.C. Hayward dismissed from Options charter lawsuit|first=Michael Alison|last=Chandler|date=August 11, 2015|publisher=|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref>J. C. Hayward kwa sasa anakaa "Fort Lauderdale, Florida", kwa miaka mingi.<ref name="washingtonpost4">{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/jc-hayward-announces-retirement-from-wusa9-after-long-hiatus/2015/01/23/e23094a2-a31d-11e4-903f-9f2faf7cd9fe_story.html|title=J.C. Hayward announced retirement from WUSA9 following long hiatus amid charter school investigation|first1=Michael Alison|last1=Chandler|first2=Emma|last2=Brown|date=January 23, 2015|publisher=|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref> == Kazi na WUSA9 == J. C. Hayward alianza kufanya kazi katika chombo cha habari cha WUSA9 kama msomaji wa habari mwaka [[1973]]. Wakati alipokuwa akifanya kazi ya habari WUSA9, Hayward alipewa sifa ya kuwa msoma habari wa kwanza wa kike huko Washington, D.C.<ref name="adweek2" /> alipokuwa anafanya kazi, watu walikuwa wakizungumzia sana Hayward, walisema alijua wakati wa kufanya kazi lakini pia alijua wakati wa kufurahi. Hayward alihusika sana na jamii ambayo ilimsababisha jamii kumuona alikuwa mwaminifu na kituo cha habari.<ref name="washingtonpost1" /> Along with anchoring on WUSA9 News Now at Noon, Hayward also produced '''JC and Friends''<nowiki/>'<ref name="faceofamericawps">{{cite web|url=http://www.faceofamericawps.com/news/a-no-cs-weekend-in-washington-d-c/|title=A No C's Weekend in Washington, D.C. « Face of America|website=www.faceofamericawps.com}}</ref> J. C. Hayward pia alikuwa [[Makamu wa rais wa media outreach for the station. Mnamo [[2013]] Hayward alisimamishwa kazi hewani baada ya kutajwa katika mashtaka ya shule ya Charter school.<ref name="adweek1" />Alipewa likizo kwenye kituo alicho kuwa anafanyia kazi wakati wa uchunguzi zaidi.<ref name="washingtonpost3">{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/jc-hayward-a-long-time-local-benefactor-awaits-a-legal-resolution/2013/12/17/00cf5d2a-664e-11e3-ae56-22de072140a2_story.html|title=J.C. Hayward: A long-time local benefactor awaits a legal resolution|first=Emma|last=Brown|date=December 17, 2013|publisher=|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref> Muda mfupi baadaye,mwaka [[2015]], baada ya karibu miaka 43 ya kufanya kazi katika chombo cha habari cha WUSA9, J. C. Hayward alitangaza kustaafu kufuatia madai hayo.<ref name="adweek2" /> == Kazi mashuhuri za uandishi wa habari == J. C. Hayward amepata heshima ya kufanya kazi na wageni wengi mashuhuri wakati wote wa kazi yake. Katika maisha yake, Hayward alipata nafasi ya kufanya mahojiano na watu mashuhuri wakiwemo, "Maya Angelou", "Luciano Pavarotti", na Mke wa Rais "Nancy Reagan".<ref name=arthritismar /><ref name=book>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8UGhBgAAQBAJ&q=jc+hayward+emmy&pg=PT342|title=Invisible Stars: A Social History of Women in American Broadcasting|first=Donna|last=Halper|date=February 11, 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317520177|via=Google Books}}</ref>Pamoja na mahojiano hayo, Hayward pia alisimamia hafla kubwa wakati wa enzi yake, kwa mfano J. C. aliweza kusimamia ugeni wa Rais wa Afrika Kusini "Nelson Mandela" alipotembelea Merekani. Wakati Mandela alipokuwa ziarani, pia alipata nafasi ya kufanya mahojiano ya kipekee naye. Hayward pia alikuwa mfanya mahojihano kwa "Kila Wanawake," kipindi cha mazungumzo ya kila siku kwenye Channel 9.<ref name=arthritismar /> kipindi cha mwezi wa watu wenye asili ya Kiafrika nchini Marekani, Alifanya kipindi cha Nine who care kwa watu walio kuwa wanajitolea kwenye jamii.<ref name=washingtonpost1 /> Alikuwa akihusika katika mashirika yanayo jihusisha na miradi ya jamii, kwa mfano alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Bodi ya wadhamini kwenye shule ya Public Charter School. Alikuwa pia mjumbe wa bodi ya Kituo cha Perry Center, Huduma ya Hospitali, Huduma za Dini mbili, Mfuko wa Ulinzi wa Sheria wa NAACP, Summer Opera Theatre Company, na United Black Fund.<ref name=arthritismar /> Hayward alisaidia vilabu vya wavulana & wasichana nchini Marekani ya Greater Washington.<ref name=washingtonpost1 /> In 2012, she also served as the Gala Chair for Arena Stage.<ref name=arthritismar /> Baada ya kupigana afya kutokana na saratani ya matiti, Hayward aliwahimiza wanawake wamakimarekani wenye asili ya kiafrika kupata chanjo ya mammograms.<ref name=washingtonpost2>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/reliable-source/post/jc-hayward-discuss-breast-cancer-diagnosis/2012/04/09/gIQAaIrl6S_blog.html|title=J.C. Hayward discusses breast cancer diagnosis|first=|last=|date=April 10, 2012|work=Washington Post}}</ref> ==Tuzo== Katika kipindi chote cha kazi yake ya uhandishi wa habari, J. C. Hayward alipokea tuzo nyingi na sifa kwa kazi yake. Mwaka wa 1972, Hayward alipokea local Emmy's kwaajili ya makala yake "<nowiki />" Sahel: The Border of Hell"." Mwaka 1976, Hayward alitunukiwa tuzo nyingine ya local Emmy kama Best mtangazaji wa habari. Mwaka 1980, alipata Nishani ya Shaba kutoka ''International Film Festival'' kutokana na makala ya'''We Shall Return''<nowiki/>'. Baada ya kuhojiana na bondia Riddick Bowe, Hayward alipokea local Emmy nyingine mwaka 1994. Mwaka 1995, aliteuliwa na kupokea Tuzo ya Bodi ya Gavana pamoja na kupata tuzo nyingine ya local Emmy "Licha ya mafanikio yake hayo ya kipekee yaliyo onyehsa uimara wake katika habari." = arthritismar /> Mwaka wa 2000, Hayward aliingizwa kwenye kwenye historia ya waandishi wa Habari maarufu na Jamii ya Wanahabari Wataalamu.<ref name=book /> In 2007, Hayward was awarded her final local Emmy in the category of Outstanding Community Affairs. Along with all of the local Emmy, Hayward amewahi kuwa miongoni mwa waliopewa tuzo ya "Washingtonian of the Year." mwaka 2011, J. C. Hayward aliwahi pia kupata tuzo ya kitaifa ya The National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame.<ref name=arthritismar /> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] e2h1j43rll204e48x8x7aoj9v9zxe8c 0 136221 1236752 1223934 2022-07-30T04:23:25Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Imara_Jones_Laura_Flanders_Show_2018.jpg|thumb|Imara Jones]] '''Imara Jones''' ni [[mwanzilishi]] wa chombo cha [[habari]] cha TransLash,<ref>[https://t.umblr.com/redirect?z=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.translash.org&t=ZGE5ZWUzMDVlMDY5MTA0Mzg2YmU0MmQ5ZTY1MTc0NDA0NjljZWFlYSxtMENLQ29uVw%3D%3D&b=t%3AAYwhim6k3Hq2lvDxCLQXOw&p=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imarajones.com%2Fpost%2F47392130960%2Fbroadcast-biography&m=1 TransLash Media]</ref> jukwaa la habari za watu mbalimbali, matukio pamoja na miradi mbalimbali. TransLash hutoa taarifa za kupinga na kudhibiti ubadilishaji wa [[jinsia]] za watu huko nchini [[Marekani]]. TransLash iliteuliwa kutunukiwa tuzo kama chombo cha habari bora cha kidijitali.<ref>[http://www.thelastsip.org/ The Last Sip]</ref> Mnamo mwaka [[2019]] aliongoza mkutano mkubwa wa [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] uliojadili juu ya Utofauti wa Kijinsia<ref>[https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2019/7/news-event-gender-diversity-and-non-binary-identities UN High Level Meeting on Gender Diversity]</ref> ambao ulikuwa na washiriki zaidi ya 600. Jones anafanya kazi kama mwenyeji, mchambuzi wa habari za anga na mwandishi aliyejikita kwenye mambo ya haki za kijamii na usawa. Ametajwa katika vituo kadhaa vya habari kama vile Guardian, Nation,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/thanks-jimmy-carter-for-stating-what-should-be-obvious-trumps-campaign-is-racist/|title=Thanks, Jimmy Carter, for Stating What Should Be Obvious: Trump's Campaign Is Racist|last=Jones|first=Imara|journal=The Nation|date=2016-05-26|access-date=2019-08-13|language=en-US|issn=0027-8378|accessdate=2021-05-22|archivedate=2019-08-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810025023/https://www.thenation.com/article/thanks-jimmy-carter-for-stating-what-should-be-obvious-trumps-campaign-is-racist/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/trans-women-color-lgbtq-stonewall/|title=Trans Women of Color Are the Past and Future of LGBTQ Liberation|last=Jones|first=Imara|journal=The Nation|date=2019-06-27|access-date=2019-08-13|language=en-US|issn=0027-8378|accessdate=2021-05-22|archivedate=2020-01-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110205133/https://www.thenation.com/article/trans-women-color-lgbtq-stonewall/}}</ref> MSNBC, CNBC, NPR, Mic,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mic.com/articles/166968/trump-wants-to-grow-our-economy-and-deport-millions-of-undocumented-immigrants-he-cant-do-both|title=Trump wants to grow our economy and deport millions of undocumented immigrants. He can't do both.|website=Mic|language=en|access-date=2019-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mic.com/articles/169006/repealing-obamacare-would-be-devastating-for-transgender-americans|title=Repealing Obamacare would be devastating for transgender Americans|website=Mic|language=en|access-date=2019-08-13}}</ref> The Grio,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thegrio.com/2019/04/16/morehouse-college-decision-trans-men-significant-at-the-expense-of-trans-women/|title=OPINION: While Morehouse College's decision to admit trans men is significant, it's completely at the expense of trans women|last=Jones|first=Imara|date=2019-04-16|website=theGrio|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thegrio.com/2019/06/24/confronting-black-mens-roles-in-the-murder-of-black-transgender-women/|title=OPINION: Confronting Black men's roles in the murders of Black transgender women may be the only way to save our lives|last=Jones|first=Imara|date=2019-06-24|website=theGrio|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-13}}</ref> Colorlines<ref>[https://www.colorlines.com/writers/imara-jones Colorlines]</ref> and the ''In The Thick''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://futuromedia.libsyn.com/elections-worth-fighting-for |title=''In The Thick'' |accessdate=2021-05-22 |archivedate=2020-02-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224170200/http://futuromedia.libsyn.com/elections-worth-fighting-for }}</ref> podcast. Alihojiwa pia kwa Mradi wa Historia ya Oral ya <nowiki>[[New York City]]</nowiki> kwa kushirikiana na Umma wa New York.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://oralhistory.nypl.org/interviews/imara-jones-hu6j1i|title=NYPL Community Oral History Project {{!}} NYC Trans Oral History Project {{!}} Imara Jones|website=oralhistory.nypl.org|access-date=2019-08-15}}</ref> Jones alishikilia sera za kiuchumi katika Ikulu ya Clinton na nafasi katika mawasiliano huko Viacom ambapo aliongoza shindano lilojulikana kama kampeni ya VVU na UKIMWI. Alipata digrii kutoka ''London School of Economics'' na ''Columbia''. Kwa sasa Jones ni Mdau wa ''Soros Equality'' <ref>[https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/newsroom/open-society-foundations-announce-2019-soros-equality-fellows Soros Equality Fellow]</ref> and on the board of the Anti Violence Project <ref>[https://avp.org/ Anti Violence Project]</ref> and the New Pride Agenda.<ref>[https://newprideagenda.org/ New Pride Agenda]</ref> ==Elimu na maisha binafsi== Jones ana shahada ya kwanza ya sayansi ya siasa kutoka ''Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia'', na shahada ya uzamili ya uchumi kutoka ''London School of Economics''<ref name="guardian-26jun2019">{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Imara |title=Trans, black and loved: what happened when I returned to the deep south after transitioning |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/jun/26/trans-black-deep-south-return-translash |accessdate=June 26, 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=June 26, 2019}}</ref><ref name="forbes-1jun2018">{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/courtstroud/2018/06/01/political-journalist-imara-jones-aims-to-reinvigorate-modern-news/|title=A Different Vision For News: Q&A With Political Journalist Imara Jones|last1=Stroud|first1=Court|date=June 1, 2018|work=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=June 26, 2019}}</ref><ref name="colorlines-bio">{{cite web |title=Imara Jones |url=https://www.colorlines.com/writers/imara-jones |website=[[ColorLines]] |accessdate=June 26, 2019}}</ref> Kabla ya kazi yake ya uandishi wa habari, Jones alifanya kazi katika sera ya kibiashara ya kimataifa katika Ikulu ya Clinton, na kama mtendaji huko Viacom kuanzia ''2005 hadi sasa''.<ref name="forbes-1jun2018"/><ref name="colorlines-bio" /><ref name="npr-bio">{{cite news |title=Imara Jones - Source of the Week |url=https://sources.npr.org/imara-jones/ |accessdate=June 26, 2019 |work=[[NPR]] |archivedate=2020-06-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618071816/https://sources.npr.org/imara-jones/ }}</ref> ==Tuzo na Wasifu== Jones alishinda tuzo ya ''Emmy Award'' na ''Peabody Award''<ref name="forbes-1jun2018"/> akapewa jina la bingwa wa utetezi 2018.<ref name="advocate-22may2018">{{cite news|url=https://www.advocate.com/people/2018/5/22/champions-pride|title=Champions of Pride|date=May 22, 2018|work=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]|accessdate=June 26, 2019}}</ref> Imara pia alizawadiwa ushiriki wa Voqal 2018. ==Viungo Vya Nje== *{{official|imarajones.com}} ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] r6qr4k7vjio900dycvluo1fvzk0gidh 0 136225 1236738 1188733 2022-07-30T03:46:13Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Gertrude E.H. Bustill Mossell, c1890 (cropped).jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Gertrude Mossell]] '''Gertrude Emily Hicks Bustill Mossell''' ([[Julai 3]], [[1855]] – [[Januari 21]], [[1948]])<ref>[http://cbw.iath.virginia.edu/women_display.php?id=13478 Collective Biographies of Women]</ref> alikuwa [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa Kiafrika na [[Marekani]], [[mwalimu]], na mtetezi wa haki.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of African-American Writing: Five Centuries of Contribution: Trials & Triumphs of Writers, Poets, Publications and Organizations|last=Hatch|first=Shari Dorantes|publisher=Grey House Publishing|year=2009|pages=417|chapter=Mossell, Gertrude Bustill 7/3/1855–1/21/1948}}</ref> Alihudumu kama mhariri Mwanawake kwenye jarida la "New York Age" kutoka mwaka [[1885]] hadi [[1889]], na wa "World Indianapolis World" "kutoka mwaka [[1891]] hadi [[1892]]. Aliunga mkono sana maendeleo ya magazeti ya watu weusi na kutetea wanawake zaidi waingie katika uandishi wa habari. == Elimu ya awali == Gertrude Bustill alizaliwa Philadelphia, Pennsylvania mnamo mwaka [[Julai 3]], [[1855]], kwa Emily Robinson na Charles Hicks Bustill. Mzaliwa wa Familia ya Bustill. Familia mashuhuri ya Kiafrika na Amerika, Babu yake, Cyrus Bustill, aliwahi kuwa katika vikosi vya George Washington kama mwokaji mikate. Baada ya Mapinduzi ya Amerika, aliendeleza uokaji wa mkate uliompa mafanikio huko Philadelphia na akashirikiana kuanzisha jamii ya kwanza ya watu weusi ya kusaidiana huko Amerika, “Free African Society”. Miongoni mwa watu wengine wengi waliofananishwa na Shangazi mkubwa wa Gertrude,alimaliza na kukomesha pamoja na kuelimisha Grace Bustill Douglass na binti wa Grace, mwanaharakati na msanii Sarah Mapps Douglass | Sarah Mapps Douglas.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Raising her voice : African-American women journalists who changed history|last=Rodger.|first=Streitmatter|date=1994|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=9780813149059|location=Lexington, KY|oclc=623778415}}</ref>Baba ya Mossell alimuhimiza masomo yake tangu utoto. Alihudhuria shule ya umma huko Philadelphia, katika shule ya “Institute for Colored Youth” na shule ya sarufi ya Robert Vaux. Baada ya kuhitimu, aliombwa kutoa hotuba ya kuhitimu. Hotuba hiyo, yenye kichwa ""Influence"", iliwavutia watu wengi. Akiwemo Askofu Henry McNeal Turner, mhariri wa gazeti la Maaskofu wa Methodist wa Kiafrika, '' The Christian Recorder ''. McNeal alichapisha ""Influence"" na akamwalika Mossell kuchangia mashairi na insha kwa gazeti hillo == Kazi ya uandishi wa habari == Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka Shule ya Sarufi ya Robert Vaux, alifundisha shule kwa miaka kadhaa huko Philadelphia na Camden, NJ | Camden, New Jersey. Wakati huo huo, Mossell alianza kukuza karia yake na kupaza sauti yake kama mwandishi wa habari. Aliwahi kuwa mwandishi na mhariri kwa majarida kadhaa na Magazeti, pamoja na '' A.M.E. Mapitio ya Kanisa '', '' Philadelphia Times '', the '' Philadelphia Echo '', '' Independent '', '' Era Woman'', na "Jarida la Amerika la rangi". Alikuwa mhariri wa idara ya mwanamke wa "New York Age" kutoka [[1885]] hadi [[1889]] na wa "Indianapolis" "" World "kutoka [[1891]] hadi [[1892]]. Ingawa aliandika machapisho ya watu weusi na weupe wakati wote wa kazi yake. Nakala za Mossell mara nyingi zililenga maswala haswa kwa wanawake weusi. Safu yake iliyoshirikishwa kitaifa, "Idara ya Mwanamke weusi," ilitoa ushauri wa vitendo juu ya majukumu ya nyumbani na kukuza za wanawake. Kila mara vichwa vya habari zake , vilitangazwa kwenye ukurasa wa mbele, ilianza na barua ifuatayo ya mhariri: "Lengo la safu hii itakuwa kukuza wanawake wa kweli, haswa wa rangi ya Kiafrika. Mafanikio yote na maendeleo au hitaji wa wanawake wetu utapewa kipaumbele. " Wasomaji walialikwa kuandika moja kwa moja kwa Mossell kwenye anwani yake ya nyumbani <ref name=":1" />Pia alishughulikia na maswala ya kisiasa na kijamii, ambapo alitumia jukwaa lake kutetea usawa wa rangi, haswa katika eneo la ajira. Mara kwa mara, aliwahimiza idadi kubwa ya wanawake weusi kuingia kwenye uandishi wa habari. Alikuwa msaidizi wa sauti na asiye na shaka katika kujitoa na alikemea hadithi kwamba wanawake wanaopigania kura watabaki bila kuolewa. "Wape wanawake nguvu zaidi katika ofisi za serikali ikiwa hamu ni amani na ustawi," aliandika<ref name=":1" /> Mnamo mwaka [[1894]], alichapisha "Kazi ya Mwanamke wa Kiafrika-Amerika", mkusanyiko wa insha nane na mashairi kumi na saba ambayo yalitambua mafanikio ya wanawake weusi katika nyanja mbali mbali.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/workofafroameric00moss|title=The work of the Afro-American woman|last=Mossell|first=N. F.|date=1894|publisher=Philadelphia : G.S. Ferguson|others=Wellesley College Library}}</ref> Kutokana na uamuzi wake wa kuchapisha kazi hiyo chini ya jina lake la ndoa, msomi Joanne Braxton anatoa ufafanuzi ufuatao: "Kwa mkakati huu wa unyenyekevu dhidi ya umma, mwandishi aliashiria nia yake ya kutetea na kusherehekea Wanawake Weusi bila kuvuruga uhusiano wa mahusiano ya kiume na wa kike."<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Mossell|first1=MrsN.F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hyxDplsvSUYC&q=%22By+this+strategy+of+public+modesty%2C+the+author+signaled+her+intention+to+defend+and+celebrate+black+womanhood+without+disrupting+the+delicate+balance+of+black+male-female+relations+or+challenging+masculine+authority.%22&pg=PR28|title=The Work of the Afro-American Woman|last2=Mossell|first2=Gertrude E. H. Bustill|last3=Mossell|first3=N. F.|date=1988|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-505265-7|language=en|page=xxviii}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa [[1902]], aliandika kitabu cha watoto wa shule ya Jumapili kiitwacho "Siku Moja ya Dansie Shule ya Sabato" ''Little Dansie's One Day at Sabbath School''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/987ae9ee-b011-d56a-e040-e00a18064dbe|title=Little Dansie's one day at Sabbath school|website=NYPL Digital Collections|language=en|access-date=2018-03-26}}</ref> Gertrude Bustill Mossell pia alikuwa akijishughulisha na kazi ya uraia, akiongoza harakati za kutafuta fedha kwa Hospitali ya Frederick Douglass Memorial na Shule ya Mafunzo, ambayo ilifunguliwa mnamo [[1895]]. Alikusanya $ 30,000, na akaendelea kuwa rais wa Msaidizi wake wa Huduma ya Jamii. Shughuli zake nyingine za uraia zilijumuisha kuandaa tawi la Philadelphia la Baraza la Kitaifa la Afro-American. == Maisha ya binafsi == Mnamo [[1880]], Mossell aliolewa na daktari mashuhuri wa Philadelphia, Nathan Francis Mossell. Walikuwa na Mabinti wawili, Florence na Mary. Watoto wawili wa ziada walifariki wakiwa wachanga. Mossell alikufa mnamo [[Januari 21]], [[1948]] akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka 92 huko Philadelphia, Pennsylvania <ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9803E5DA1739E03BBC4D51DFB7668383659EDE|title=Mrs. Nathan F. Mossell|date=January 25, 1948|newspaper=[[New York Times]]|access-date=2015-06-25}}</ref> ==Viungo vya Nje== *[http://www.blackpast.org/?q=aah/mossell-gertrude-e-h-bustill-1855-1948 Mossell, Gertrude E.H. Bustill (1855-1948)], BlackPast.org *Mrs. N.F. Mossell (Gertrude Bustill Mossell/Nathan Francis Mossell-her husband) ''Little Dansie's One Day at Sabbath School.'' Philadelphia : The Penn Printing and Publishing Co., 1902 [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/lcrbmrp.t1213] *Mrs. N.F. Mossell (Gertrude Bustill Mossell/Nathan Francis Mossell-her husband) ''The Work of the Afro-American Woman.'' Philadelphia: Geo. F Ferguson Company, 1908. [http://digilib.nypl.org/dynaweb/digs/wwm9729/] {{Wayback|url=http://digilib.nypl.org/dynaweb/digs/wwm9729/ |date=20200605175744 }} *Gertrude Bustill Mossell at Collective Biographies of Women at the University of Virginia.[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060648/http://cbw.iath.virginia.edu/dev/women_display.php?id=13478] ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1855]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1948]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] fehkx5pdx8cw1jh2qua6hwd5zbgrqt9 0 136230 1236757 1188702 2022-07-30T04:38:09Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jackie Ormes''' ([[1 Agosti]] [[1911]] - [[Desemba 26]], [[1985]]) alikuwa mchora [[katuni]] wa [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana kama [[mchoraji]] wa kwanza wa kike wa Marekani mwenye [[asili]] ya Kiafrika na muundaji wa safu ya vichekesho ya Torchy Brown na Patty-Jo 'n' Ginger. ==Maisha ya awali na kazi== Jackie Ormes alizaliwa Zelda Mavin Jackson<ref>{{cite book |last=Goldstein |first=Nancy |year=2008 |title=Jackie Ormes: The First African American Woman Cartoonist |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Jackie_Ormes/jYsLAQAAMAAJ |location=Ann Arbor |publisher=University of Michigan Press |pages=7, 183 |isbn=978-0-472-11624-9 |oclc=1176131351}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/30/books/review/Wolk2-t.html?8bu&emc=bua2&_r=0|title= Origin Story|first= Douglas|last= Wolk|date= March 30, 2008|work=[[The New York Times]]|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140518021042/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/30/books/review/Wolk2-t.html?8bu&emc=bua2&_r=0|archivedate=May 18, 2014 |url-status= live}}</ref> mnamo Agosti 1, [[1911]]<ref name="Index">{{cite web|url= https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/J27V-5MV|title= Zelda Ormes|publisher= United States Social Security Death Index|accessdate= March 19, 2013|archive-date= April 26, 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160426210648/https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/J27V-5MV|url-status= live}}</ref>, huko Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, kwa wazazi William Winfield Jackson na Mary Brown Jackson<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackpast.org/aah/ormes-zelda-jackie-1911-1985|title=Ormes, Zelda "Jackie" (1911-1985) {{!}} The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed|website=BlackPast.org|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20170325012358/http://www.blackpast.org/aah/ormes-zelda-jackie-1911-1985|archivedate= March 25, 2017|url-status= live|df= mdy-all|access-date=December 4, 2016}}</ref> . Baba yake William, mmiliki wa kampuni ya uchapishaji na mmiliki wa ukumbi wa sinema, aliuawa kwa ajali ya gari mnamo [[1917]]<ref name=":0" /> . Hii ilisababisha mtoto wa miaka sita wakati huo Jackie na dada yake mkubwa Dolores kuwekwa chini ya uangalizi wa shangazi yao na mjomba kwa muda mfupi<ref name=":0" />. Hatimaye, mama yake na Jackie aliolewa tena na familia ilihamia mji wa karibu wa Monongahela. Ormes alielezea kitongoji hicho katika mahojiano ya [[1985]] kwa [[Chicago]] Reader kama "ulioenea na rahisi. Hakuna kitu cha maana sana kinachotokea hapa. Alihitimu huko Monongahela mnamo [[1930]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Notable Black American Women Vol. III|last=Smith|first=Jessie Carney|publisher=Gale|year=2003|isbn=0-7876-6494-4|location=Detroit|pages=455–456}}</ref>. Ormes alichora na kuandika wakati wote wa shule. Alikuwa mhariri wa sanaa wa Kitabu cha Mwaka cha 1929-1930 cha Monongahela ambapo juhudi zake za mapema kama mchora katuni zinaweza kuonekana katika picha za kupendeza za wanafunzi wa shule na walimu wake<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of black comics|author=Howard, Sheena C.|year=2017|isbn=978-1682751015|oclc=992166823}}</ref>. Ilikuwa katika kipindi hiki alipoandika barua kwa mhariri wa jarida la Pittsburgh Courier<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lambiek.net/artists/o/ormes_jackie.htm|title=Jackie Ormes|date=September 5, 2008|publisher= Lambiek Comiclopedia|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815021749/http://lambiek.net/artists/o/ormes_jackie.htm|archivedate=August 15, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> , gazeti la kila wiki la Kiafrika Amerika ambalo lilichapishwa Jumamosi. Mhariri wa wakati huo, Robert Vann, alimuandikia pia. Barua hii ilisababisha jukumu lake la kwanza la kuandika-kufunika mechi ya ndondi. Kufunikwa kwake kwa mechi zilizofuata kulisababisha yeye kuwa shabiki hodari wa mchezo huo<ref name=":1" />. Ormes alianza katika uandishi wa habari kama mthibitishaji wa Jarida la Pittsburgh<ref name=":1" />. Alifanya kazi pia kama mhariri na kama mwandishi wa kujitegemea, akiandika juu ya mapigo ya polisi, kesi za korti na mada za masilahi ya wanadamu<ref name=":0" />. Wakati alifurahia kazi nzuri ya kuzunguka mji, akiangalia kila kitu sheria inavyoruhusu na kuandika juu yake, kile alitaka sana kufanya ni kuchora<ref name=":1" />. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1911]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1985]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] 632gr4wcskvpcoc2yom2gezgg36d269 0 136295 1236754 1212922 2022-07-30T04:29:31Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Irene Birungi Mugisha''' (née '''Irene Birungi''') ni [[mjasiriamali]], [[mwandishi wa habari]] toka nchini [[Uganda]] na hufanya kazi kama katibu binafsi katika [[ofisi]] za [[utawala]] wa [[rais]] wa [[Uganda]], [[Yoweri Museveni|Yoweri Kaguta Museveni]], kuanzia Septemba mwaka [[2017]].<ref name="2R">{{cite web| url=https://www.howwe.biz/news/showbiz/17880/maurice-mugishas-wife-lands-a-juicy-job-in-statehouse |date=21 September 2017 |title=Maurice Mugisha's Wife Lands A Juicy Job in Statehouse |access-date=12 November 2018 |publisher=Howwe Entertainment | author=Gee Mukama | location=Kampala}}</ref> Pia Mugisha ni muasisi wa ''All Round Consult'', uhusiano wa kimataifa na taasisi ya habari iliyopo jijini [[Kampala]], [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Uganda]]. Mnamo mwezi [[Oktoba]] mwaka [[2010]], aliweza kuwa [[meneja]] wa kwanza wa kike [[mwandishi wa habari]] nchini Uganda baada ya kupata uteuzi katika shirika la habari la Uganda lijunikalo kama Shirika la habari la Taifa la Uganda ([[Uganda Broadcasting Corporation). Mnamo mwaka 2013, alikuwa mhariri mkuu na kuwa mzalisha vipindi katika televisheni na CNBC Africa. Alikuwa pia mwandishi wa gazeti la Daily Monitor<ref name="3R">{{cite web |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/Ugandas-public-health-sector-has-undergone-/-/689364/3062974/-/pr2lt5z/-/index.html |title=Uganda's public health sector has undergone fundamental change |newspaper=Daily Monitor |date=5 February 2016 |author=Irene Birungi Mugisha |access-date=12 November 2018 |location=Kampala |accessdate=2021-05-24 |archivedate=2019-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717064247/https://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/Ugandas-public-health-sector-has-undergone-/-/689364/3062974/-/pr2lt5z/-/index.html }}</ref> na New Vision kuhusiana na masuala ya uchumi.<ref name="4R">{{cite web |access-date=12 November 2018 |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1442218/lower-middle-income-status-means-local-ugandans |title=What lower middle income status means to local Ugandans |newspaper=New Vision |date=16 December 2016 |author=Irene Birungi Mugisha |location=Kampala |accessdate=2021-05-24 |archivedate=2019-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717054637/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1442218/lower-middle-income-status-means-local-ugandans }}</ref> ==Kazi ya Uandishi wa Habari== Mugisha alipata umaarufu katika [[tasnia]] ya [[uandishi wa habari]] baada ya kuajiriwa kama mchambuzi wa habari katika kituo kijulikanach kama ''WBS Television'', (halifanyi kazi kwa sasa). Baada ya miaka mitano kupita, aliweza jiunga na shirika la habari la taifa lijulikanayo kama (Uganda Broadcasting Corporation) luninga (UBC Television) kama mzalishaji wa vipindi na mhariri wa masuala ya biashara. Mnamo Octoba mwaka 2010, aliweza teuliwa kama meneja wa luninga katika shirika la utangazaji wa taifa lijulikanalo kama (Uganda Broadcasting Corporation), mwanamke wa kwanza nchini Uganda kushika nafasi hiyo katika [[shirika]] la [[Taifa]] la Utangazaji.<ref name="5R">{{cite web |url=https://edge.ug/2018/09/12/awel-denies-list-of-spin-masters-who-made-museveni-hate-pr/ |title=Awel denies list of spin masters who made Museveni hate PR |date=12 September 2018 |access-date=12 November 2018 |work=The Edge |publisher=The Edge Uganda |location=Kampala |accessdate=2021-05-24 |archivedate=2019-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717054640/https://edge.ug/2018/09/12/awel-denies-list-of-spin-masters-who-made-museveni-hate-pr/ }}</ref> Mnamo mwaka [[2013]], alijiunga na CNBC Africa na kuwa mhariri kiongozi na mzalisha vipindi katika mashirika yao nchini Uganda na Rwanda, ambapo aliweza kuwa mtangazaji katika maonyesho maarufu "Doing Business in Rwanda. == Maisha binafsi == Mugisha aliolewa na [[Maurice Mugisha]], ambaye ni mkurugenzi msaidizi katika [[shirika]] la utangazi la habari la taifa na hufanya kazi kama mshereheshaji katika hafla tofauti tofauti. Hapo awali alifanya kazi kama mkuu wa idaraya ya habari katika kituo cha taifa kijulikanacho kama [[Nation Media Group|Nation Media Television Uganda]].<ref name="6R">{{cite web|date=12 October 2018 |url=http://www.pmldaily.com/news/2018/10/revamp-uganda-national-broadcasting-television-poaches-ntvs-maurice-mugisha.html |title=Revamp: Uganda National Broadcasting Television poaches NTV’s Maurice Mugisha |access-date=12 November 2018 |publisher=PMLDaily.com |author=Agencies | location=Kampala}}</ref> Mugisha ni mama wa watoto watatu, wakiume kutoka mahusiano wake wa awali na mabinti wawili kwa mke wake wa sasa.<ref name="7R">{{cite web| url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/I-m-older-than-Maurice--but-so-what-/689842-2397028-6nfrkdz/index.html | title=I’m older than Maurice, but so what? |newspaper=Daily Monitor |access-date=12 November 2018 |last=Okuda |first=Ivan}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] sg63nvnacvqo8mktj78bwbooskp959g 0 136312 1236769 1213593 2022-07-30T05:27:44Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person|Jina=Jesca Wilfredy|jina la Kuzaliwa=Jesca Wilfredy Macha|nchi=Tanzania|majina_mengine=|Picha=Jesca Wilfredy.jpg|ukubwa wa picha=|maelezo_ya_picha=|jina_la_kuzaliwa=Jesca Wilfredy Macha|Amezaliwa={{birth date and age|1997|9|9|df=yes}}|kazi_yake=[[Mfanyabiashara]], [[Mjasiriamali]]|tovuti=}} [[picha:Jesca Wilfredy.jpg|thumb|Jesca_Wilfredy]] '''Jesca Wilfredy Macha''' (maarufu kama ''Jesca Wilfredy''; alizaliwa [[Arusha]], [[Tanzania]], mnamo tarehe [[9]] [[Septemba]] mwaka [[1997]] ni [[mwanamitindo]], [[mfanyabiashara]] na [[mjasiriamali]] kutoka [[Tanzania]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Murmures {{!}} Africultures : What you don't know about the success of a Tanzanian Socialite and entrepreneur Jesca Wilfredy|url=http://africultures.com/murmures/?no=21662|work=Africultures|accessdate=2021-05-24|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jesca Wilfredy Biography, Age, Career, Education, Net Worth, Husband|url=https://eafeed.com/jesca-wilfredy-biography-age-career-education-net-worth-husband/|work=The East African Feed|date=2021-05-26|accessdate=2021-05-27|language=en-GB|author=Zadock Thomas}}</ref>. Jesca ni [[mkurugenzi]] mkuu na [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[shirika]] la Black Chagga Fashion. Jesca ametajwa kuwa mmoja wa watu mashuhuri wa mitandaoni na wafanyabiashara wenye [[umri]] mdogo na wenye ushawishi mkubwa kupitia mitandao ya kijamii katika kuhamasisha vijana wakike wenye umri mdogo katika shughuli za kimaendeleo.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Mitandao ya kijamii yamtoa kimaisha|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/mitandao-ya-kijamii-yamtoa-kimaisha-3416192|work=Mwananchi|accessdate=2021-05-27|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Tanzanian Socialite and Entrepreneur Jesca Wilfredy Opens Up On How Popularity Has Changed Her Life - Opera News|url=https://ke.opera.news/ke/en/fashion-beauty/be76570bcdee0a13d86e95118c95f942|work=ke.opera.news|accessdate=2021-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Popular Tanzanian Socialite Jesca Wilfredy Makes Major Announcement On Music Industry - Opera News|url=https://ke.opera.news/ke/en/entertainment/698143b25d37067f61fbaee5909e50c4|work=ke.opera.news|accessdate=2021-05-24}}</ref> == Maisha na elimu == Jesca amesoma na kumaliza elimu yake ya [[Maktaba]] na Sayansi ya Habari katika chuo cha Ushirika moshi<ref name=":0" />. == Biashara == Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake ya Maktaba ya Sayansi ya Habari mnamo [[mwaka]] [[2020]], Jesca alikuwa akijihusisha na baishara ndogo ndogo za kuuza nguo na vipodozi kupitia duka la dada yake huko [[Moshi]]. Mwaka huo huo aliamua kwenda Arusha na kuanzisha biashara yake ya uuzaji wa nguo za kike na za kiume na ndipo safari yake ya ujasiriamli ilipoanzia. Licha ya kuanza biashara ya nguo na kufungua kampuni iitwayo Black Chagga Fashion, pia jesca alipata umaarufu mkubwa kupitia [[mitandao ya kijamii]] katika kuhamasisha na kuwahiiza vijana wadogo wa kike katika kujikita zaidi katika ujasiariamali ili kuweza kujitegemea na kujikwamua katika umaskini. amekuwa mmoja wa wanawake wenye umri mdogo waliowezakutumia mitandao ya kijamii katika kuleta mabadiliko na kuinua wengine.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> Jesca pia ni muwekezajazi katika sanaa ya muziki wa Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SPLA {{!}} Tanzania's renowned entrepreneur and socilite Jesca Wilfredy Speaks about her interest in the music business.|url=http://www.spla.pro/file.murmure.tanzania-s-renowned-entrepreneur-and-socilite-jesca-wilfredy-speaks-about-her-interest-in-the-music-business.21666.html|work=Spla|accessdate=2021-05-24|language=en}}</ref> == Viungo vya nje == {{Sister project links|wikt=no|q=no|b=no|n=no|s=no|v=no|voy=no|species=no|d=Q106489982|display=Jesca Wilfredy}} * [https://www.instagram.com/JessyWilfredy/ Jesca Wilfredy] kwenye [[Instagram]] * [https://www.facebook.com/JessyWilfredy/ Jesca Wilfredy] kwenye [[Facebook]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] b014ycw2tuwhskao3r1f7wl8eae1nu0 0 136319 1236748 1188909 2022-07-30T04:10:29Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Harriet_Anena.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Herriet Anena]] '''Harriet Anena''' ni [[raia]] wa [[Uganda]] [[mwandishi]] wa [[mashairi]] na [[hadithi]] mbalimbali. Ni mwandishi wa mashairi ya ''A Nation In Labour'', yaliyochapishwa mnamo [[mwaka]] [[2015]]<ref name=somanystories>{{cite web | url=http://somanystories.ug/reviews/2015/02/book-review-nation-labour-three-voices-one-book | title=Book Review: A Nation In Labour - Three voices, one book |authors=Richard Oduor; Grace Kenganzi; David Kangye| publisher= somanystories.ug |date=March 2015|access-date=17 March 2015}}</ref>. ==Elimu na Maisha ya Awali== Anena alizaliwa na [[Waacholi]] na alilelewa huko [[Wilaya ya Gulu]], [[Uganda]].<ref name=shortstorydayafrica.org>{{cite web | url=http://shortstorydayafrica.org/news/for-me-life-is-political | title='For Me, Life Is Political.' An Interview With Harriet Anena | publisher=Short Story Day Africa |date=30 September 2015| access-date= 2 October 2015}}</ref> Alihitimu [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada]] ya [[mawasiliano]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]], mnamo [[mwaka]] [[2010]] na alimaliza [[Shahada ya uzamili]] ya [[sanaa]] katika [[haki za binadamu]] kutoka [[taasisi]] hiyo mnamo mwaka [[2018]].<ref name="monitor">{{cite web |author= Joseph Ssemutooke|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/making-budding-poet/-/691232/2615400/-/11yvvy0z/-/index.html | title= The making of a budding poet| work= Daily Monitor |date=7 February 2015| access-date= 17 March 2015}}</ref> == Viungo Vya Nje== * [https://anenah.wordpress.com/ Official website] ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uganda]] hkk7qnflwl861yco5o5153ba03use2y 0 136330 1236763 1212926 2022-07-30T04:55:47Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Jane-K.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Jane Kasumba]] '''Jane Kasumba''' ni [[mwanasheria]] na [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa [[Uganda]], [[mtaalamu]] wa habari za [[michezo]] mwenye uzoefu wa zaidi ya miaka kumi na mbili katika taaluma za [[uandishi wa habari]] Kwa muda mrefu amefanya [[kazi]] katika kituo cha habari cha '''UBC TV''' kama [[meneja]]..<ref name="Muhaise 2018">{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201605030772.html|title=Uganda: Female Journalists Recognised for Election Coverage|last=Muhaise|first=Agatha|date=2016-05-03|work=The Monitor (Kampala)|access-date=2018-04-29}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] erxnbjru009m2dczgt98ti8xyg94iv6 0 136402 1236758 1203133 2022-07-30T04:45:37Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Dmitry Medvedev with Jaka Mwambi.jpg|thumb|ubalozi wa Tanzania]] '''Jaka Mgwabi Mwambi''' ([[1950]]-[[2019]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa nchini [[Tanzania]], aliyepata kuwa [[mkuu wa mkoa]] wa [[Rukwa]], [[Tanga]] na [[Iringa]] na makamu katibu mkuu wa [[Chama cha Mapinduzi]].<ref>{{cite news | title = Tanzania Praises Cuban Cooperation | publisher = [[Juventud Rebelde]] | url = http://www.juventudrebelde.co.cu/cuba/2007-02-22/tanzania-praises-cuban-cooperation/ | date = 22 February 2007 | access-date = 2008-10-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110718163449/http://www.juventudrebelde.co.cu/cuba/2007-02-22/tanzania-praises-cuban-cooperation/ | archive-date = 18 July 2011 | url-status = dead | accessdate = 2021-05-25 | archivedate = 2011-07-18 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110718163449/http://www.juventudrebelde.co.cu/cuba/2007-02-22/tanzania-praises-cuban-cooperation/ }}</ref> hadi pale nafasi yake ilipochukuliwa na aliyekuwa [[mbunge]] wa Newala, mnamo mwezi [[Novemba]] [[2007]]. Mwambi aliteuliwa kuwa [[balozi]] wa Tanzania nchini [[Urusi]] [[tarehe]] [[21 Julai]] [[2008]]<ref>{{cite press release | title = Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Alexander Saltanov Meets with Newly Appointed Tanzanian Ambassador to Moscow Jaka Mwambi | publisher = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)]] | url = http://www.ln.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/e78a48070f128a7b43256999005bcbb3/65e5565d01d899dac325749000577d41?OpenDocument | date = 24 July 2008 | access-date = 2008-10-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110614165741/http://www.ln.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/e78a48070f128a7b43256999005bcbb3/65e5565d01d899dac325749000577d41?OpenDocument | archive-date = 14 June 2011 | url-status = dead | archivedate = 2011-06-14 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110614165741/http://www.ln.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/e78a48070f128a7b43256999005bcbb3/65e5565d01d899dac325749000577d41?OpenDocument | deadurl = yes }}</ref> akawasilisha hati za utambulisho wa ubalozi kwa [[rais]] wa Urusi [[Dmitry Medvedev]] tarehe [[18 Septemba]] 2008.<ref name="18sept08">{{cite news|title = Dmitry Medvedev accepted the letters of credentials of 12 foreign ambassadors.|location = [[Moscow Kremlin|The Kremlin]], [[Moscow]]|publisher = Presidential Press and Information Office|date = 18 September 2008|url = http://www.kremlin.ru/eng/text/news/2008/09/206616.shtml|access-date = 2008-10-07|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120222041401/http://archive.kremlin.ru/eng/text/news/2008/09/206616.shtml|archive-date = 22 February 2012|accessdate = 2021-05-25|archivedate = 2012-02-22|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120222041401/http://archive.kremlin.ru/eng/text/news/2008/09/206616.shtml}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-wanasiasa-Tanzania}} {{BD|1950|2019}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] sf5ivzqshrqvei5tk5f21zlk12we35e 0 136427 1236740 1188788 2022-07-30T03:50:46Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Oheneyere_Gifty_Anti.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Gifty Anti.]] '''Gifty Anti''' (alizaliwa mnamo [[Januari 23]] ,[[1970]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Oheneyere-Gifty-Anti-looks-younger-than-ever-at-age-50-846235|title=Oheneyere Gifty Anti looks younger than ever at age 50|last=|first=|date=|website=|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>) ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] na [[mtangazaji]] mzaliwa wa [[Ghana]].<ref name="chron1">{{cite web | url=http://thechronicle.com.gh/gifty-anti-deepens-support-for-girl-child-education-as-she-launches-girl-in-need-foundation/ | title=Gifty Anti Deepens Support For Girl-Child Education –As She Launches Girl In Need Foundation | publisher=thechronicle.com | date=8 July 2013 | accessdate=9 July 2015 | author=Kunateh, Masahudu Ankiilu }}{{Dead link|date=May 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yeye ndiye mwendeshaji mwenyeji wa kipindi kinachozungumzia [https://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/ Standpoint] {{Wayback|url=https://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/ |date=20210526112709 }} masuala yaneyoathiri wanawake kwenye kituo cha GTV [[Televisheni]] ya Ghana.<ref name="stand1">{{cite web |url=http://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/about.html |title=The StandPoint Profile |publisher=thestandpoint.com |access-date=9 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710055925/http://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/about.html |archive-date=10 July 2015 |df= |accessdate=2021-05-26 |archivedate=2015-07-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710055925/http://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/about.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/GIJ-Women-s-Commission-to-honour-Oheneyere-Gifty-Anti-tonight-739544|title=GIJ Women's Commission to honour Oheneyere Gifty Anti tonight|website=www.ghanaweb.com|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> Anajulikana kwa kutetea [[haki za wanawake]]. Amepata elimu yake [[Alma mater Mfantsiman]] shule ya wasichana ya Secondari na Chuo cha "Ghana Institute of Journalism". == Marejeo == {{Reflist} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] j0t9ww1uk6o7bvp307ummhae14xr17e 1236741 1236740 2022-07-30T03:51:23Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Oheneyere_Gifty_Anti.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Gifty Anti.]] '''Gifty Anti''' (alizaliwa mnamo [[Januari 23]] ,[[1970]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Oheneyere-Gifty-Anti-looks-younger-than-ever-at-age-50-846235|title=Oheneyere Gifty Anti looks younger than ever at age 50|last=|first=|date=|website=|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>) ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] na [[mtangazaji]] mzaliwa wa [[Ghana]].<ref name="chron1">{{cite web | url=http://thechronicle.com.gh/gifty-anti-deepens-support-for-girl-child-education-as-she-launches-girl-in-need-foundation/ | title=Gifty Anti Deepens Support For Girl-Child Education –As She Launches Girl In Need Foundation | publisher=thechronicle.com | date=8 July 2013 | accessdate=9 July 2015 | author=Kunateh, Masahudu Ankiilu }}{{Dead link|date=May 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yeye ndiye mwendeshaji mwenyeji wa kipindi kinachozungumzia [https://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/ Standpoint] {{Wayback|url=https://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/ |date=20210526112709 }} masuala yaneyoathiri wanawake kwenye kituo cha GTV [[Televisheni]] ya Ghana.<ref name="stand1">{{cite web |url=http://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/about.html |title=The StandPoint Profile |publisher=thestandpoint.com |access-date=9 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710055925/http://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/about.html |archive-date=10 July 2015 |df= |accessdate=2021-05-26 |archivedate=2015-07-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710055925/http://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/about.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/GIJ-Women-s-Commission-to-honour-Oheneyere-Gifty-Anti-tonight-739544|title=GIJ Women's Commission to honour Oheneyere Gifty Anti tonight|website=www.ghanaweb.com|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> Anajulikana kwa kutetea [[haki za wanawake]]. Amepata elimu yake [[Alma mater Mfantsiman]] shule ya wasichana ya Secondari na Chuo cha "Ghana Institute of Journalism". == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] 2cugsjb8vcuaj33bgqrnmkdxgijg4lw 0 136454 1236742 1212914 2022-07-30T03:53:47Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gloria Kamba''' (alizaliwa [[Julai 18]]) ni [[raia]] wa nchini [[Uganda]] ambaye alikuwa mtangazaji wa [[redio]] wa kwanza wa kipindi cha [[asubuhi]] cha 88.2 ''Sanyu FM'' cha [[wiki]] kiitwacho "''The Early Riser''" na cha [[Jumapili]] asubuhi "''The Intimate Connection''"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1513460/kalungis-lens-fm-radio-uganda|access-date=2020-06-24|website=www.newvision.co.ug|title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa|accessdate=2021-05-26|archivedate=2020-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201061954/https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1513460/kalungis-lens-fm-radio-uganda}}</ref> Anatambuliwa kama mmoja kati ya nyota wa kike katika redio nchini [[Uganda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=joomlasupport|title=15 years of Sanyu|url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=2004:15-years-of-sanyu|access-date=2020-06-24|website=The Observer - Uganda|language=en-gb}}</ref> Katika [[miaka ya 1980]], alijulikana kama ''Gloria Nekesa'' akiwa katika ''Namasagali College''. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] k8l03ya7abh6ycjjngimqbl9zdy04ek 0 136469 1236773 1208069 2022-07-30T05:51:24Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josephine Nabukenya''' ni [[raia]] wa [[Uganda]], [[mwanaharakati]] wa kupambana na [[Virusi vya UKIMWI]] ambaye pia ni muathirika wa maambukizi ya virus vya [[UKIMWI]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Josephine Nabukenya - Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation|url=https://www.pedaids.org/about/egpaf-ambassadors/josephine-nabukenya/|access-date=2020-06-26|website=Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-10|title=Queen Elizabeth to Honour Ugandan Youth|url=https://chimpreports.com/queen-elizabeth-to-honour-ugandan-youth/|access-date=2020-06-26|website=ChimpReports|language=en-US}}</ref> Pia ni [[balozi]] wa ''Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation'' (EGPAF).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1428165/ugandan-2016-queen-leaders-award-winners|access-date=2020-06-26|website=www.newvision.co.ug|title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa|accessdate=2021-05-26|archivedate=2020-10-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022232649/https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1428165/ugandan-2016-queen-leaders-award-winners}}</ref> Yeye ni mmoja wa [[vijana]] ambao wamekua kutoka kwenye woga hadi kuwa [[viongozi]] wenye nguvu na kujiamini na ambao huwahimiza watoto na vijana wengine kuishi vyema angali wakiishi na maambukizi na kusisitiza matumizi ya [[dawa]] zao.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/tag/prof-josephine-nabukenya/|access-date=2020-06-26|website=www.newvision.co.ug|title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa|accessdate=2021-05-26|archivedate=2020-08-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809180313/https://www.newvision.co.ug/tag/prof-josephine-nabukenya}}</ref> == Viungo Vya Nje == *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LoDaPNN0WBs Power Talks on YouTube by Josephine Nabukenya.] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] llf2etf5whsxcjj7zu6sj8h27oe7rn1 0 136475 1236751 1188673 2022-07-30T04:20:56Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki ''' Idara ya Uslama wa Taifa Tanzania''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]] ''Tanzania Intelligence and Security Service''; [[kifupi]]: (TISS) ni idara ya usalama nchini [[Tanzania]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/15-1996.pdf |title=The Tanzania Intelligence and Security Service Act, 1996 |year=1996 |website= |publisher=[[Parliament of Tanzania]] |accessdate=16 September 2013 |archivedate=2013-09-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927003257/http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/15-1996.pdf }}</ref> Idara hiyo ipo chini ya [[Jeshi la Wananchi Tanzania]] (JWTZ)<ref name=":0" /> na inafanya [[kazi]] kwa karibu na mashirika mengine ya kitaifa na kimataifa katika nyanja za kiusalama katika kuhakikisha [[amani]] ya kudumu inapatikana, [[ulinzi]] na usalama, ndani na nje ya mipaka ya Tanzania. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-siasa}} [[Jamii:Mashirika ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] 1rfdr7mjbyezgygnaqgd7ue02fpwlot 0 136500 1236730 1187704 2022-07-30T03:16:51Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faridah Nakazibwe''' (alizaliwa mnamo [[Agosti 18]], [[1984]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]], [[mwanamitindo]], [[mwandishi wa habari]] na [[mhusika]] wa [[runinga]] huko nchini [[Uganda]], ambaye huhudumu kama mwandishi wa habari wa ''NTV Uganda'', [[Kampala]], [[mji mkuu]] wa Uganda.<ref name="1R">{{cite web |url=https://watchdoguganda.com/10-interesting-facts-you-didnt-know-about-ntvs-faridah-nakazibwe/ |title=10 interesting facts you didn't know about NTV’s Faridah Nakazibwe |date=3 April 2018 |access-date=3 November 2018 |publisher=Watchdoguganda.com |author=Watchdog Uganda |location=Kampala |accessdate=2021-05-27 |archivedate=2018-07-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714135443/http://watchdoguganda.com/10-interesting-facts-you-didnt-know-about-ntvs-faridah-nakazibwe }}</ref> ==Viungo Vya Nje== *[http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Life/DAY-IN-THE-LIFE-OF-A-news-anchor--Faridah-Nakazibwe/689856-2160094-147i3baz/index.html Day In The Life of A News Anchor, Faridah Nakazibwe] ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] 4rlmwa5737h0bllv01k4jlntoglugtv 0 136501 1236771 1188814 2022-07-30T05:46:31Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1097114914|Josephine Karungi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josephine Karungi''', ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa nchini [[Uganda]] na mhusika wa [[televisheni]] ambaye anafanya [[kazi]] kama mshauri wa [[vyombo vya habari]] na [[mawasiliano]] katika [[Benki ya Dunia|Benki ya Dunia Uganda]], yenye makao yake katika ofisi zao huko [[Kampala]], [[mji mkuu]] wa Uganda. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardnews.ug/josephine-karungi-leaves-ntv-uganda-for-world-bank/|title=Josephine Karungi Leaves NTV Uganda for World Bank|work=Vanguard News Uganda|date=30 March 2021|author=Vanguard News|accessdate=30 November 2021}}</ref> Kabla ya hapo, kuanzia tarehe [[1 Oktoba]] [[2018]] hadi [[Machi 30]], [[2021]], alifanya kazi kama mkuu wa habari, katika televisheni ya NTV Uganda, kama kaimu. Katika jukumu hilo, aliripoti moja kwa moja kwa meneja mkuu, Tahariri, Daniel Kalinaki . <ref name="2R">{{Cite web|work=Soft Power Uganda|date=2 October 2018|url=https://www.softpower.ug/josephine-karungi-replaces-maurice-mugisha-as-ntvs-news-head/|title=Josephine Karungi Replaces Maurice Mugisha As NTV's News Head|accessdate=8 November 2018|author=Brian Asiimwe}}</ref> <ref name="3R">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ntv.co.ug/news/national/Josephine-Karungi-appointed-acting-Head-of-News-at-NTVUganda/4522324-4786470-hdsnya/index.html|title=Josephine Karungi appointed as acting Head of News at NTV Uganda|accessdate=8 November 2018|publisher=[[Nation Media Group|Nation Television Uganda]]|author=NTV Uganda|date=1 October 2018}}</ref> == Kazi == Alijiunga na Nation Television Uganda (NTV Uganda) mnamo mwaka [[2009]] kama mtangazaji wa habari wa [[lugha]] ya [[Kiingereza]]. Ilitayarisha na kuratibu kipindi cha mazungumzo cha televisheni cha Sunday night, ''Perspective With Josephine Karungi'' . <ref name="2R">{{Cite web|work=Soft Power Uganda|date=2 October 2018|url=https://www.softpower.ug/josephine-karungi-replaces-maurice-mugisha-as-ntvs-news-head/|title=Josephine Karungi Replaces Maurice Mugisha As NTV's News Head|accessdate=8 November 2018|author=Brian Asiimwe}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBrian_Asiimwe2018">Brian Asiimwe (2 October 2018). [https://www.softpower.ug/josephine-karungi-replaces-maurice-mugisha-as-ntvs-news-head/ "Josephine Karungi Replaces Maurice Mugisha As NTV's News Head"]. ''Soft Power Uganda''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="3R">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ntv.co.ug/news/national/Josephine-Karungi-appointed-acting-Head-of-News-at-NTVUganda/4522324-4786470-hdsnya/index.html|title=Josephine Karungi appointed as acting Head of News at NTV Uganda|accessdate=8 November 2018|publisher=[[Nation Media Group|Nation Television Uganda]]|author=NTV Uganda|date=1 October 2018}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNTV_Uganda2018">NTV Uganda (1 October 2018). [http://www.ntv.co.ug/news/national/Josephine-Karungi-appointed-acting-Head-of-News-at-NTVUganda/4522324-4786470-hdsnya/index.html "Josephine Karungi appointed as acting Head of News at NTV Uganda"]. Kampala: [[Nation Media Group|Nation Television Uganda]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Mnamo Oktoba 2018, aliteuliwa kuwa mkuu wa habari katika NTV Uganda, akichukua nafasi ya Maurice Mugisha, ambaye aliajiriwa na shirika la utangazaji la Uganda, kama Naibu mkurugenzi mkuu wao mpya. <ref name="4R">{{Cite web|accessdate=8 November 2018|url=https://thepearltimes.com/josephine-karungi-replaces-maurice-mugisha-as-ntv-news-boss/|title=Josephine Karungi Replaces Maurice Mugisha As NTV News Boss; Maurice Mugisha Leaves NTV Uganda; Joins UBC|date=2 October 2018|work=Th Pearl Times|first=James|author=Mukisa}}</ref> baadae aliteuliwa kama meneja wa mawasiliano na [[Benki ya Dunia]] kabla ya kuondoka [[Nation Media Group]] . Mnamo Machi 2021, alibadilishwa kama mkuu wa habari wa NTV Uganda, na [[Faridah Nakazibwe]] . <ref name="5R">{{Cite web|url=https://celebpatrol.com/faridah-nakazibwe-replaces-josephine-karungi-as-new-head-of-news-at-ntv-uganda/|title=Faridah Nakazibwe Replaces Josephine Karungi as New Head of News at NTV Uganda|work=Celebpatrol.com|date=31 March 2021|author=Khina Murah|accessdate=30 November 2021}}</ref> == Familia == Karungi aliolewa na Vince Musisi, mtayarishaji wa rekodi kutoka Uganda, wawili hao walikuwa na sherehe ya faragha ambayo ilifanyika katika [[hoteli]] ya Speke Resort Munyonyo, kwenye ufuo wa kaskazini wa [[Ziwa Viktoria|Ziwa Victoria]] . <ref name="6R">{{Cite web|url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/entertainment/22811-ntvs-josephine-karungi-finds-her-vince|title=NTV’s Josephine Karungi finds her Vince|work=[[The Observer (Uganda)]]|date=27 December 2012|author=Moses Talemwa|accessdate=8 November 2018}}</ref> Wanandoa hao ni wazazi wa mtoto wa kiume. <ref name="7R">{{Cite web|url=https://bigeye.ug/josephine-karungi-vince-rekindle-love/|title=Josephine Karungi, Vince rekindle love|publisher=Bigeye.ug|author=Big Eye Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="8R">{{Cite web|url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2016/08/12/vince-musisi-celebrates-birth-of-josephine-karungis-baby-insists-he-is-the-father/|title=Vince Musisi celebrates birth of Josephine Karungi's baby, insists he is the father|accessdate=8 November 2018|date=12 August 2016|publisher=Kampalasun.co.ug|author=Kampala Sun}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] l8duq7vag3alfk31ijbt67j4q83z6ab 1236772 1236771 2022-07-30T05:48:49Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josephine Karungi''', ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa nchini [[Uganda]] na mhusika wa [[televisheni]] ambaye anafanya [[kazi]] kama mshauri wa [[vyombo vya habari]] na [[mawasiliano]] katika [[Benki ya Dunia|Benki ya Dunia Uganda]], yenye makao yake katika ofisi zao huko [[Kampala]], [[mji mkuu]] wa Uganda. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardnews.ug/josephine-karungi-leaves-ntv-uganda-for-world-bank/|title=Josephine Karungi Leaves NTV Uganda for World Bank|work=Vanguard News Uganda|date=30 March 2021|author=Vanguard News|accessdate=30 November 2021}}</ref> Kabla ya hapo, kuanzia tarehe [[1 Oktoba]] [[2018]] hadi [[Machi 30]], [[2021]], alifanya kazi kama mkuu wa habari, katika televisheni ya NTV Uganda, kama kaimu. Katika jukumu hilo, aliripoti moja kwa moja kwa meneja mkuu, Tahariri, Daniel Kalinaki . <ref >{{Cite web|work=Soft Power Uganda|date=2 October 2018|url=https://www.softpower.ug/josephine-karungi-replaces-maurice-mugisha-as-ntvs-news-head/|title=Josephine Karungi Replaces Maurice Mugisha As NTV's News Head|accessdate=8 November 2018|author=Brian Asiimwe}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ntv.co.ug/news/national/Josephine-Karungi-appointed-acting-Head-of-News-at-NTVUganda/4522324-4786470-hdsnya/index.html|title=Josephine Karungi appointed as acting Head of News at NTV Uganda|accessdate=8 November 2018|publisher=[[Nation Media Group|Nation Television Uganda]]|author=NTV Uganda|date=1 October 2018}}</ref> == Kazi == Alijiunga na Nation Television Uganda (NTV Uganda) mnamo mwaka [[2009]] kama mtangazaji wa habari wa [[lugha]] ya [[Kiingereza]]. Ilitayarisha na kuratibu kipindi cha mazungumzo cha televisheni cha Sunday night, ''Perspective With Josephine Karungi'' . <ref name="2R">{{Cite web|work=Soft Power Uganda|date=2 October 2018|url=https://www.softpower.ug/josephine-karungi-replaces-maurice-mugisha-as-ntvs-news-head/|title=Josephine Karungi Replaces Maurice Mugisha As NTV's News Head|accessdate=8 November 2018|author=Brian Asiimwe}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBrian_Asiimwe2018">Brian Asiimwe (2 October 2018). [https://www.softpower.ug/josephine-karungi-replaces-maurice-mugisha-as-ntvs-news-head/ "Josephine Karungi Replaces Maurice Mugisha As NTV's News Head"]. ''Soft Power Uganda''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="3R">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ntv.co.ug/news/national/Josephine-Karungi-appointed-acting-Head-of-News-at-NTVUganda/4522324-4786470-hdsnya/index.html|title=Josephine Karungi appointed as acting Head of News at NTV Uganda|accessdate=8 November 2018|publisher=[[Nation Media Group|Nation Television Uganda]]|author=NTV Uganda|date=1 October 2018}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNTV_Uganda2018">NTV Uganda (1 October 2018). [http://www.ntv.co.ug/news/national/Josephine-Karungi-appointed-acting-Head-of-News-at-NTVUganda/4522324-4786470-hdsnya/index.html "Josephine Karungi appointed as acting Head of News at NTV Uganda"]. Kampala: [[Nation Media Group|Nation Television Uganda]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Mnamo Oktoba 2018, aliteuliwa kuwa mkuu wa habari katika NTV Uganda, akichukua nafasi ya Maurice Mugisha, ambaye aliajiriwa na shirika la utangazaji la Uganda, kama Naibu mkurugenzi mkuu wao mpya. <ref name="4R">{{Cite web|accessdate=8 November 2018|url=https://thepearltimes.com/josephine-karungi-replaces-maurice-mugisha-as-ntv-news-boss/|title=Josephine Karungi Replaces Maurice Mugisha As NTV News Boss; Maurice Mugisha Leaves NTV Uganda; Joins UBC|date=2 October 2018|work=Th Pearl Times|first=James|author=Mukisa}}</ref> baadae aliteuliwa kama meneja wa mawasiliano na [[Benki ya Dunia]] kabla ya kuondoka [[Nation Media Group]] . Mnamo Machi 2021, alibadilishwa kama mkuu wa habari wa NTV Uganda, na [[Faridah Nakazibwe]] . <ref name="5R">{{Cite web|url=https://celebpatrol.com/faridah-nakazibwe-replaces-josephine-karungi-as-new-head-of-news-at-ntv-uganda/|title=Faridah Nakazibwe Replaces Josephine Karungi as New Head of News at NTV Uganda|work=Celebpatrol.com|date=31 March 2021|author=Khina Murah|accessdate=30 November 2021}}</ref> == Familia == Karungi aliolewa na Vince Musisi, mtayarishaji wa rekodi kutoka Uganda, wawili hao walikuwa na sherehe ya faragha ambayo ilifanyika katika [[hoteli]] ya Speke Resort Munyonyo, kwenye ufuo wa kaskazini wa [[Ziwa Viktoria|Ziwa Victoria]] . <ref name="6R">{{Cite web|url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/entertainment/22811-ntvs-josephine-karungi-finds-her-vince|title=NTV’s Josephine Karungi finds her Vince|work=[[The Observer (Uganda)]]|date=27 December 2012|author=Moses Talemwa|accessdate=8 November 2018}}</ref> Wanandoa hao ni wazazi wa mtoto wa kiume. <ref name="7R">{{Cite web|url=https://bigeye.ug/josephine-karungi-vince-rekindle-love/|title=Josephine Karungi, Vince rekindle love|publisher=Bigeye.ug|author=Big Eye Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="8R">{{Cite web|url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2016/08/12/vince-musisi-celebrates-birth-of-josephine-karungis-baby-insists-he-is-the-father/|title=Vince Musisi celebrates birth of Josephine Karungi's baby, insists he is the father|accessdate=8 November 2018|date=12 August 2016|publisher=Kampalasun.co.ug|author=Kampala Sun}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] hafn1m7cd1qxfovtf43473xzse4bgnp 0 136503 1236766 1188784 2022-07-30T05:07:37Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jemimah Sanyu''' (anajulikana pia kama ''Stage Gladiator'') ni [[mwanamuziki]], [[mwigizaji]], mtayarishaji [[filamu]], na mkufunzi wa [[Uganda]].<ref>{{cite web | title=JEMIMA SANYU, AN ADORABLE THIEF | url=https://confessions256.wordpress.com/2014/09/22/jemima-sanyu-an-adorable-thief | website=Wordpress | publisher=Confessions256 | accessdate=22 September 2014}}</ref> Sanyu amekutana na watu kama [[Rais]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] wakati akiimba katika ''albamu'' yake ya ''I am a Ugandan''. Ameshiriki jukwaa na nyota maarufu wa Kiafrika kama ''Habib Koite'', ''Navio ''(rapa), ''Joanita Kawalya'' wa ''Afrigo Band'', na [[Juliana Kanyomozi]].<ref>{{cite news | title=Friends of Peter Nawe in Webale Video | url=http://www.hipipo.com/music/news/2147/Friends-Of-Peter-Nawe-In-Webale-Video | accessdate=15 July 2013 | agency=Hipipo | publisher=Hipipo | archivedate=2016-03-04 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304220432/http://www.hipipo.com/music/news/2147/Friends-Of-Peter-Nawe-In-Webale-Video }}</ref> na wengine wengi.<ref>{{cite news | title=Jemimah Sanyu (Uganda) | url=http://selam.se/eng/artists/jemimah-sanyu-uganda | agency=Selam Ethiopia | publisher=Selam}}</ref> == Viungo Vya Nje == {{commons}} *[http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Entertainment/Doadoa--spreads-wings---Jinja/-/812796/2703266/-/lb4jquz/-/index.html "Doadoa spreads wings to Jinja"] *[http://musicinafrica.net/all-female-line-uganda%E2%80%99s-qwela-junction-november-concert All-female line-up for Uganda’s Qwela Junction November concert] *[http://lavieeco.com/news/culture/visa-for-music-une-plateforme-inedite-pour-booster-la-creation-musicale-de-lafrique-et-du-moyen-orient.html Visa For Music, une plateforme inédite pour booster la création musicale de l’Afrique et du Moyen-Orient] *[http://musicinafrica.net/interview-ugandas-jemimah-sanyu-ready-take-world Interview: Uganda's Jemimah Sanyu ready to take on the world] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] fpk6bjlejcmaiwu7cars41jmspzsn8u 0 136504 1236776 1166893 2022-07-30T06:13:41Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1075985455|Judith Babirye]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Judith Babirye''' ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Injili]] wa nchini [[Uganda]] na [[mwanasiasa]]. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web|date=20 July 2014|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/frankly-speaking-judith-babirye/|title=Frankly speaking with Judith Babirye|accessdate=16 January 2019|first=Joan|author=Akello}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web|title=Singer Judith Babirye inspired by Jennifer Musisi to join politics|accessdate=15 June 2016|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/660042-singer-judith-babirye-inspired-by-jennifer-musisi-to-join-politics.html|date=24 September 2014|author=David Lumu|first=and Juliet Waiswa}}</ref>Ni mchungaji mkuu katika [[kanisa]] la "New Life Deliverance Church", katika kitengo cha Makindye, kusini mashariki mwa [[Kampala]], [[mji mkuu]] wa Uganda. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web|title=Babirye Starts Church|date=10 March 2010|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1293378/babirye-starts-church|accessdate=16 January 2019|author=Vision Reporter}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kuwa <a href="./Mbunge" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="undefined" data-cx="{&amp;quot;userAdded&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:true}">Mbunge</a> aliyechaguliwa akiwakilisha jimbo la wanawake la [[Wilaya ya Buikwe]] katika Bunge la 10 ([[2016]] – [[2021]]). <ref name="4R">{{Cite web|date=14 March 2016|url=https://chimpreports.com/mp-judith-babirye-to-give-space-to-musicians/|title=MP Judith Babirye To Give Space To Musicians|publisher=Chimp Reports Uganda|accessdate=17 January 2019|first=Nixon|author=Segawa}}</ref> <ref name="5R">{{Cite web|date=2016|accessdate=17 January 2019|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=300|title=Parliament of Uganda: Members of the 10th Parliament : Bbirye Judith|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]|author=Parliament of Uganda}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Babirye alizaliwa Nyenga, [[Wilaya ya Buikwe]], kwa Bw na Bi Mukooza, mnamo [[23 Septemba]], [[1977]]. Alisoma katika ''Shule ya Msingi ya Nalinya Lwantale'' katika [[Wilaya ya Luweero]] . Alisoma katika Shule ya ''Upili ya Ndejje'' kwa elimu yake ya O-Level na katika [[Wilaya ya Iganga|Shule ya Sekondari ya Iganga]] kwa masomo yake ya A-Level, na kuhitimu Diploma ya Shule ya Upili mnamo [[1998]]. <ref name="5R">{{Cite web|date=2016|accessdate=17 January 2019|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=300|title=Parliament of Uganda: Members of the 10th Parliament : Bbirye Judith|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]|author=Parliament of Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFParliament_of_Uganda2016">Parliament of Uganda (2016). [https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=300 "Parliament of Uganda: Members of the 10th Parliament : Bbirye Judith"]. Kampala: [[Bunge la Uganda|Parliament of Uganda]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Alikubaliwa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]], chuo kikuu kongwe na kikubwa zaidi cha umma nchini Uganda, ambapo alihitimu mwaka [[2001]] na [[Utalii|Shahada ya Sanaa katika Utalii]] . <ref name="5R">{{Cite web|date=2016|accessdate=17 January 2019|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=300|title=Parliament of Uganda: Members of the 10th Parliament : Bbirye Judith|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]|author=Parliament of Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFParliament_of_Uganda2016">Parliament of Uganda (2016). [https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=300 "Parliament of Uganda: Members of the 10th Parliament : Bbirye Judith"]. Kampala: [[Bunge la Uganda|Parliament of Uganda]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="6R">{{Cite web|title=Babirye's gospel of hope amidst trials|accessdate=17 January 2019|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1335429/babiryes-gospel-hope-amidst-trials|date=7 December 2013|author=Vision Reporter}}</ref> == Muziki == Alipokuwa katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Ndejje, Babirye alishinda tamasha za utunzi wa muziki ambapo walipewa jukumu la kutunga wimbo wa shule. Akiwa Iganga, pia alitunga wimbo wa shule na kuibua kazi yake ya [[muziki]]. <ref name="6R">{{Cite web|title=Babirye's gospel of hope amidst trials|accessdate=17 January 2019|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1335429/babiryes-gospel-hope-amidst-trials|date=7 December 2013|author=Vision Reporter}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFVision_Reporter2013">Vision Reporter (7 December 2013). [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1335429/babiryes-gospel-hope-amidst-trials "Babirye's gospel of hope amidst trials"]. ''[[Maono Mapya|New Vision]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Wimbo wake wa kwanza, "Beera Nange", ulishinda wimbo bora wa injili katika [[Tuzo za muziki Pearl of Africa|Tuzo za Pearl of Africa Music Awards za 2006]] . <ref name="7R">{{Cite web|title=Judith Babirye Back|accessdate=15 June 2016|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1182719/judith-babirye|date=21 August 2008|author=Gilbert Mwijuke|first=and Ronald Kabuubi}}</ref> Amekuwa na nyimbo nyingi kama vile "Wambatira", "Omusaayi gwa Yesu", "Ekitibwa kyo Mukama" na "Maama". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Babirye to launch 'Yesu Asobola'|accessdate=15 June 2016|date=19 July 2007|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1160763/babirye-launch-eur-yesu-asobola-eur|first=Joseph|author=Batte}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Judith Babirye shakes off bad marriage to shine again|accessdate=15 June 2016|date=26 March 2010|url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7819:judith-babirye-shakes-off-bad-marriage-to-shine-again|first=Diana|author=Nabiruma}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Judith Babirye chokes at Wanjagala launch|url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11740:judith-babirye-chokes-at-wanjagala-launch|accessdate=15 June 2016|date=16 January 2011|first=Felix|author=Eupal}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Babirye aliolewa na Niiwo ambaye walipata naye mtoto wa kike. Walakini, mnamo [[Januari|Januari,]] [[2017]], walipeana talaka. Baadae aliolewa na Paul Musoke Sebulime, mnamo [[28 Julai]] [[2018]], katika sherehe ya kitamaduni. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Judith Babirye's marriage had a rocky start|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1506049|accessdate=8 March 2022|work=New Vision}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Injili]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qipik45727icrjkuhjxz9tawue049r9 1236777 1236776 2022-07-30T06:17:16Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Judith Babirye''' ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Injili]] wa nchini [[Uganda]] na [[mwanasiasa]]. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web|date=20 July 2014|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/frankly-speaking-judith-babirye/|title=Frankly speaking with Judith Babirye|accessdate=16 January 2019|first=Joan|author=Akello}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web|title=Singer Judith Babirye inspired by Jennifer Musisi to join politics|accessdate=15 June 2016|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/660042-singer-judith-babirye-inspired-by-jennifer-musisi-to-join-politics.html|date=24 September 2014|author=David Lumu|first=and Juliet Waiswa}}</ref>Ni mchungaji mkuu katika [[kanisa]] la "New Life Deliverance Church", katika kitengo cha Makindye, kusini mashariki mwa [[Kampala]], [[mji mkuu]] wa Uganda. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web|title=Babirye Starts Church|date=10 March 2010|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1293378/babirye-starts-church|accessdate=16 January 2019|author=Vision Reporter}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kuwa [[Mbunge]] aliyechaguliwa akiwakilisha [[jimbo]] la wanawake la [[Wilaya ya Buikwe]] katika Bunge la 10 ([[2016]] – [[2021]]). <ref name="4R">{{Cite web|date=14 March 2016|url=https://chimpreports.com/mp-judith-babirye-to-give-space-to-musicians/|title=MP Judith Babirye To Give Space To Musicians|publisher=Chimp Reports Uganda|accessdate=17 January 2019|first=Nixon|author=Segawa}}</ref> <ref name="5R">{{Cite web|date=2016|accessdate=17 January 2019|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=300|title=Parliament of Uganda: Members of the 10th Parliament : Bbirye Judith|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]|author=Parliament of Uganda}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Babirye alizaliwa Nyenga, [[Wilaya ya Buikwe]], kwa Bw na Bi Mukooza, mnamo [[23 Septemba]], [[1977]]. Alisoma katika ''Shule ya Msingi ya Nalinya Lwantale'' katika [[Wilaya ya Luweero]] . Alisoma katika Shule ya ''Upili ya Ndejje'' kwa elimu yake ya O-Level na katika [[Wilaya ya Iganga|Shule ya Sekondari ya Iganga]] kwa masomo yake ya A-Level, na kuhitimu Diploma ya Shule ya Upili mnamo [[1998]]. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016|accessdate=17 January 2019|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=300|title=Parliament of Uganda: Members of the 10th Parliament : Bbirye Judith|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]|author=Parliament of Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFParliament_of_Uganda2016">Parliament of Uganda (2016). [https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=300 "Parliament of Uganda: Members of the 10th Parliament : Bbirye Judith"]. Kampala: [[Bunge la Uganda|Parliament of Uganda]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Alikubaliwa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]], chuo kikuu kongwe na kikubwa zaidi cha umma nchini Uganda, ambapo alihitimu mwaka [[2001]] na [[Utalii|Shahada ya Sanaa katika Utalii]] . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016|accessdate=17 January 2019|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=300|title=Parliament of Uganda: Members of the 10th Parliament : Bbirye Judith|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]|author=Parliament of Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFParliament_of_Uganda2016">Parliament of Uganda (2016). [https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=300 "Parliament of Uganda: Members of the 10th Parliament : Bbirye Judith"]. Kampala: [[Bunge la Uganda|Parliament of Uganda]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="6R">{{Cite web|title=Babirye's gospel of hope amidst trials|accessdate=17 January 2019|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1335429/babiryes-gospel-hope-amidst-trials|date=7 December 2013|author=Vision Reporter}}</ref> == Muziki == Alipokuwa katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Ndejje, Babirye alishinda tamasha za utunzi wa muziki ambapo walipewa jukumu la kutunga wimbo wa shule. Akiwa Iganga, pia alitunga wimbo wa shule na kuibua kazi yake ya [[muziki]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Babirye's gospel of hope amidst trials|accessdate=17 January 2019|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1335429/babiryes-gospel-hope-amidst-trials|date=7 December 2013|author=Vision Reporter}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFVision_Reporter2013">Vision Reporter (7 December 2013). [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1335429/babiryes-gospel-hope-amidst-trials "Babirye's gospel of hope amidst trials"]. ''[[Maono Mapya|New Vision]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Wimbo wake wa kwanza, "Beera Nange", ulishinda wimbo bora wa injili katika [[Tuzo za muziki Pearl of Africa|Tuzo za Pearl of Africa Music Awards za 2006]] . <ref name="7R">{{Cite web|title=Judith Babirye Back|accessdate=15 June 2016|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1182719/judith-babirye|date=21 August 2008|author=Gilbert Mwijuke|first=and Ronald Kabuubi}}</ref> Amekuwa na nyimbo nyingi kama vile "Wambatira", "Omusaayi gwa Yesu", "Ekitibwa kyo Mukama" na "Maama". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Babirye to launch 'Yesu Asobola'|accessdate=15 June 2016|date=19 July 2007|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1160763/babirye-launch-eur-yesu-asobola-eur|first=Joseph|author=Batte}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Judith Babirye shakes off bad marriage to shine again|accessdate=15 June 2016|date=26 March 2010|url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7819:judith-babirye-shakes-off-bad-marriage-to-shine-again|first=Diana|author=Nabiruma}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Judith Babirye chokes at Wanjagala launch|url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11740:judith-babirye-chokes-at-wanjagala-launch|accessdate=15 June 2016|date=16 January 2011|first=Felix|author=Eupal}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Babirye aliolewa na Niiwo ambaye walipata naye mtoto wa kike. Walakini, mnamo [[Januari|Januari,]] [[2017]], walipeana talaka. Baadae aliolewa na Paul Musoke Sebulime, mnamo [[28 Julai]] [[2018]], katika sherehe ya kitamaduni. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Judith Babirye's marriage had a rocky start|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1506049|accessdate=8 March 2022|work=New Vision}}</ref> === Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Injili]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] oxp4bbwbzvsqwye48zft5u5yx09pg0h 1236778 1236777 2022-07-30T06:19:07Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Judith Babirye''' ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Injili]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa nchini [[Uganda]]. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web|date=20 July 2014|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/frankly-speaking-judith-babirye/|title=Frankly speaking with Judith Babirye|accessdate=16 January 2019|first=Joan|author=Akello}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web|title=Singer Judith Babirye inspired by Jennifer Musisi to join politics|accessdate=15 June 2016|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/660042-singer-judith-babirye-inspired-by-jennifer-musisi-to-join-politics.html|date=24 September 2014|author=David Lumu|first=and Juliet Waiswa}}</ref>Ni mchungaji mkuu katika [[kanisa]] la "New Life Deliverance Church", katika kitengo cha Makindye, kusini mashariki mwa [[Kampala]], [[mji mkuu]] wa Uganda. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web|title=Babirye Starts Church|date=10 March 2010|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1293378/babirye-starts-church|accessdate=16 January 2019|author=Vision Reporter}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kuwa [[Mbunge]] aliyechaguliwa akiwakilisha [[jimbo]] la wanawake la [[Wilaya ya Buikwe]] katika Bunge la 10 ([[2016]] – [[2021]]). <ref name="4R">{{Cite web|date=14 March 2016|url=https://chimpreports.com/mp-judith-babirye-to-give-space-to-musicians/|title=MP Judith Babirye To Give Space To Musicians|publisher=Chimp Reports Uganda|accessdate=17 January 2019|first=Nixon|author=Segawa}}</ref> <ref name="5R">{{Cite web|date=2016|accessdate=17 January 2019|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=300|title=Parliament of Uganda: Members of the 10th Parliament : Bbirye Judith|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]|author=Parliament of Uganda}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Babirye alizaliwa Nyenga, [[Wilaya ya Buikwe]], kwa Bw na Bi Mukooza, mnamo [[23 Septemba]], [[1977]]. Alisoma katika ''Shule ya Msingi ya Nalinya Lwantale'' katika [[Wilaya ya Luweero]] . Alisoma katika Shule ya ''Upili ya Ndejje'' kwa elimu yake ya O-Level na katika [[Wilaya ya Iganga|Shule ya Sekondari ya Iganga]] kwa masomo yake ya A-Level, na kuhitimu Diploma ya Shule ya Upili mnamo [[1998]]. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016|accessdate=17 January 2019|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=300|title=Parliament of Uganda: Members of the 10th Parliament : Bbirye Judith|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]|author=Parliament of Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFParliament_of_Uganda2016">Parliament of Uganda (2016). [https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=300 "Parliament of Uganda: Members of the 10th Parliament : Bbirye Judith"]. Kampala: [[Bunge la Uganda|Parliament of Uganda]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Alikubaliwa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]], chuo kikuu kongwe na kikubwa zaidi cha umma nchini Uganda, ambapo alihitimu mwaka [[2001]] na [[Utalii|Shahada ya Sanaa katika Utalii]] . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016|accessdate=17 January 2019|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=300|title=Parliament of Uganda: Members of the 10th Parliament : Bbirye Judith|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]|author=Parliament of Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFParliament_of_Uganda2016">Parliament of Uganda (2016). [https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=300 "Parliament of Uganda: Members of the 10th Parliament : Bbirye Judith"]. Kampala: [[Bunge la Uganda|Parliament of Uganda]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="6R">{{Cite web|title=Babirye's gospel of hope amidst trials|accessdate=17 January 2019|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1335429/babiryes-gospel-hope-amidst-trials|date=7 December 2013|author=Vision Reporter}}</ref> == Muziki == Alipokuwa katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Ndejje, Babirye alishinda tamasha za utunzi wa muziki ambapo walipewa jukumu la kutunga wimbo wa shule. Akiwa Iganga, pia alitunga wimbo wa shule na kuibua kazi yake ya [[muziki]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Babirye's gospel of hope amidst trials|accessdate=17 January 2019|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1335429/babiryes-gospel-hope-amidst-trials|date=7 December 2013|author=Vision Reporter}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFVision_Reporter2013">Vision Reporter (7 December 2013). [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1335429/babiryes-gospel-hope-amidst-trials "Babirye's gospel of hope amidst trials"]. ''[[Maono Mapya|New Vision]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Wimbo wake wa kwanza, "Beera Nange", ulishinda wimbo bora wa injili katika [[Tuzo za muziki Pearl of Africa|Tuzo za Pearl of Africa Music Awards za 2006]] . <ref name="7R">{{Cite web|title=Judith Babirye Back|accessdate=15 June 2016|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1182719/judith-babirye|date=21 August 2008|author=Gilbert Mwijuke|first=and Ronald Kabuubi}}</ref> Amekuwa na nyimbo nyingi kama vile "Wambatira", "Omusaayi gwa Yesu", "Ekitibwa kyo Mukama" na "Maama". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Babirye to launch 'Yesu Asobola'|accessdate=15 June 2016|date=19 July 2007|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1160763/babirye-launch-eur-yesu-asobola-eur|first=Joseph|author=Batte}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Judith Babirye shakes off bad marriage to shine again|accessdate=15 June 2016|date=26 March 2010|url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7819:judith-babirye-shakes-off-bad-marriage-to-shine-again|first=Diana|author=Nabiruma}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Judith Babirye chokes at Wanjagala launch|url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11740:judith-babirye-chokes-at-wanjagala-launch|accessdate=15 June 2016|date=16 January 2011|first=Felix|author=Eupal}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Babirye aliolewa na Niiwo ambaye walipata naye mtoto wa kike. Walakini, mnamo [[Januari|Januari,]] [[2017]], walipeana talaka. Baadae aliolewa na Paul Musoke Sebulime, mnamo [[28 Julai]] [[2018]], katika sherehe ya kitamaduni. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Judith Babirye's marriage had a rocky start|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1506049|accessdate=8 March 2022|work=New Vision}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Injili]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] pp7x5fqbe9wz9fdatnc6j1nksa918df 0 136555 1236743 1212918 2022-07-30T03:57:13Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grace Nakimera''' ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[injili]], [[densi|mchezaji]] na [[mtunzi]] wa [[nyimbo]] kutokea [[Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hipipo.com/people/25/Grace-Nakimera/bio/30/From-Ani-Akumanyi-To-Vawo-nawe|title=From Ani Akumanyi To Vawo Nawe Grace Nakimera Bio: Uganda Celebrities {{!}} Artists {{!}} HiPipo|website=HiPipo|access-date=2016-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124192213/http://www.hipipo.com/people/25/Grace-nakimera/bio/30/From-Ani-Akumanyi-To-Vawo-nawe|archive-date=2011-01-24|url-status=dead|accessdate=2021-05-28|archivedate=2011-01-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124192213/http://www.hipipo.com/people/25/Grace-nakimera/bio/30/From-Ani-Akumanyi-To-Vawo-nawe}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1307769/grace-nakimera-kiboko-deal|title=Grace Nakimera gets Kiboko Group deal|date=1 October 2012|website=New Vision|access-date=2016-06-23|accessdate=2021-05-28|archivedate=2019-07-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717053443/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1307769/grace-nakimera-kiboko-deal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.campustimesug.com/grace-nakimera-leaves-men-pocketing-at-golf-club-entebbe/|title=Grace Nakimera leaves men pocketing at Golf Club Entebbe|last=Peacock|first=Kaweesa|date=2014-08-18|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-23}}</ref> ==Maisha== Grace alianza kuimba akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka saba. Angefanya maonyesho kwenye maonyesho ya talanta huko [[Kampala]]. Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 18, alisafiri kwenda [[Rwanda]] na kwa miaka miwili alitumbuiza na bendi ya wakazi katika hoteli ya Mille collin huko [[Kigali]], hoteli hiyo ilionyeshwa kwenye sinema ya "Hotel Rwanda" kuhusu mauaji ya kimbari nchini Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka [[2000]], alirudi mjini Kampala na kujiunga na [[kwaya]] ya [[kanisa]] la ''Christ the King''.<ref name="eachamps">{{cite web|url=http://www.eachamps.com/Grace-Nakimera.html|title=Biography of Grace Nakimera|website=eachamps.com|access-date=5 January 2015}}</ref> Mnamo [[2004]], alipata mapumziko makubwa kwenye muziki. Alishirikiana na duo kwa kuimba Gatimo na Paragon na kurekodi "Ani Akumanyi" [[wimbo]] ambao ulijulikana sana nchini Uganda. Watatu hao walishinda [[tuzo]] ya Wasanii inayokuja katika Tuzo za Muziki wa Lulu la Afrika 2004/5. Alianza kazi ya peke yake wakati kikundi kiligawanyika. Tangu wakati huo ametoa nyimbo kama "Anfuukula," "Kiva Kuki", "Sukuma", "Nvawo Nawe", "Kawoonawo" <ref name="reviews">{{cite web|url=http://reviews.weinformers.net/2011/05/28/grace-nakimera-the-beautiful-daring-uganda-musician/ |archive-url=https://archive.is/20150105203841/http://reviews.weinformers.net/2011/05/28/grace-nakimera-the-beautiful-daring-uganda-musician/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 January 2015 |title=Grace Nakimera the beautiful daring Uganda musician |website=weinformers.net |access-date=5 January 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ourmusiq.com/grace-nakimera-ani-akumanyi/1126/m.aspx|title=Grace Nakimera: Ani Akumanyi|website=ourmusiq.com|access-date=2016-06-23|accessdate=2021-05-28|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091118/http://ourmusiq.com/grace-nakimera-ani-akumanyi/1126/m.aspx}}</ref> na wimbo wa injili ya mwamba "Onyambanga". Nakimera pia ni mmiliki wa [[biashara]] na ana mtoto wa kike. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Category:Watu walio hai]] [[Category:Wanawake wa Uganda]] [[Category:Arusha Translation-a-thon ]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uganda]] 977gcdmgm6f9c5ym7j67t492o2gw6fz 0 136560 1236733 1212913 2022-07-30T03:26:35Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Florence Kasumba at The Lion King European Premiere 2019.png|thumb|Florence Kasumba manamo mwaka 2019]] '''Florence Kasumba''' (alizaliwa [[Kampala]], [[Uganda]], [[26 Oktoba]] [[1976]]<ref name="kfm">{{Cite web|url=http://kfm.co.ug/lifestyle/a-glance-at-ugandas-kasumba-who-featured-in-captain-america-civil-war.html|title=A glance at Uganda's Kasumba who featured in Captain America: Civil War|publisher=KFM|access-date=5 November 2016|date=26 May 2016}}</ref>) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Ujerumani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa onyesho lake la ''Ayo katika Marvel Universe Cinematic Universe (MCU)'' na uigizaji wake katika filamu za Ujerumani na Uholanzi. Alicheza pia Seneta Acantha katika "Wonder Woman ([[filamu]] ya 2017) | Wonder Woman" ([[2017]]), Shenzi katika "The Lion King (filamu ya 2019) | The King King" ([[2019]] ), na [[Mchawi Mwovu wa Mashariki katika NBC safu ya runinga '' Emerald City (TV mfululizo) | Emerald City "([[2017]]). == Maisha ya zamani == Florence Kasumba alikulia utoto wake huko [[Essen]], Ujerumani, ambapo alisoma shule ya msingi na shule ya upili. Baada ya kujiunga na muziki Starlight Express akiwa na umri wa miaka 12, alipewa msukumo wa kuwa mwigizaji. Alipata shahada yake ya uigizaji, kuimba, na kucheza kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Fontys cha Sayansi Alichosomea huko Tilburg, Uholanzi. Kasumba anajua vizuri Kijerumani, Kiingereza, na Kiholanzi. Anaishi Berlin, Ujerumani. ==Kaimu kazi == Alipokuwa bado anasoma chuoni, Kasumba alipata jukumu lake la kwanza la filamu, Silke, katika picha ya Uholanzi ya mwendo Ik ook van jou. Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka chuo kikuu, aliimba katika muziki nyingi, kama "Chicago", "The King King", Paka, West Side Story, Evita, na Uzuri na Mnyama. Florence Kasumba alisafiri kwenda New York City na akatupwa katika jukumu la kichwa katika utengenezaji wa kwanza wa Ujerumani wa muziki wa kimataifa wa Elton John Aida. Alicheza pia Lisa katika onyesho la kwanza la Ujerumani la Mamma Mia. Kasumba ameonekana katika filamu anuwai za Uholanzi, Kijerumani na Kiingereza na safu za runinga.<ref name="kfm" /> Kufuatia kuonekana kwake kwa kwanza katika Ulimwengu wa Sinema ya Marvel, alicheza Seneta Acantha mnamo [[2017]] '' Wonder Woman (filamu ya 2017) | Wonder Woman '' na Mchawi Mwovu wa Mashariki katika NBC mfululizo wa runinga '' Jiji la Emerald (TV mfululizo) | Jiji la Emerald ''.<ref name="bae">{{Cite web|last=Robertson|first=Erin C.J.|url=http://www.okayafrica.com/in-brief/florence-kasumba-captain-america-civil-war-hollywood-next-bae/|title=Could Promising Actress Florence Kasumba from 'Captain America: Civil War' Be Hollywood's Next Bae?|work=Okay Africa|access-date=8 September 2016}}</ref> Yeye hugawanya wakati wake kati ya filamu za Amerika na Ujerumani na uzalishaji wa Runinga. Mnamo mwaka wa [[2019]], Kasumba alipata mhusika wa Shenzi (Mfalme wa Simba) | Shenzi katika remake ya uhuishaji ya kompyuta, '' The King King (filamu ya 2019) | The King King "(2019) iliyoongozwa na Jon Favreau. pamoja na Keegan-Michael Key, na Eric André kama Kamari na Azizi. == Tuzo na uteuzi == Aliteuliwa kwa Tuzo ya Televisheni ya Burudani ya Televisheni ya Burudani Nyeusi na Tuzo ya Star Rising Star mnamo [[2016]], dhidi ya Lupita Nyong'o, John Boyega na Lisa Awuku.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dankwah|first1=Kwame|title=Ghana: Yvonne Okoro, Abraham Attah, Others for 2016 BEFFTA Awards|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201610070315.html|accessdate=5 November 2016|work=AllAfrica}}</ref> Kasumba appeared alongside Nyong'o in ''Black Panther'', where Kasumba played a member of the Dora Milaje.<ref>{{cite news|last1=McKenny|first1=Kyle|title=Lupita Nyong'o Shares Details on Black Panther's Story|url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2016/07/lupita-nyongo-shares-details-on-black-panthers-sto.html|accessdate=5 November 2016|work=Paste|date=27 July 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Ujerumani]] [[jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] toy2p1nr3ve8bk0rzya49ydc7wj9pcl 0 136563 1236762 1212960 2022-07-30T04:53:38Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Irene Ntale''' (alizaliwa [[30 Januari]] [[1989]]) ni [[mwimbaji]], [[mtunzi]] wa [[nyimbo]], na mpiga [[gitaa]] wa [[Uganda]].<ref name=newvision>{{cite web | title=Irene ntale has no time for love... | url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/660170-irene-ntale-has-no-time-for-love.html | accessdate=5 January 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002025849/http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/660170-irene-ntale-has-no-time-for-love.html | archive-date=2 October 2014 | url-status=dead | archivedate=2014-10-02 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002025849/http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/660170-irene-ntale-has-no-time-for-love.html }}</ref> Anaimba [[muziki]] wa ''reggae'', na ''acoustic soul''.<ref name=reachahand>{{cite web | title=Irene Ntale | url=http://www.reachahand.org/index.php/ambassadors/130-irene-ntale | accessdate=5 January 2015 | archivedate=2016-03-04 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025759/http://www.reachahand.org/index.php/ambassadors/130-irene-ntale }}</ref> ==Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Ntale alizaliwa na George William Ntale na mkewe. Alianza kuimba shuleni na katika kwaya ya [[kanisa]] ambapo pia alijifunza jinsi ya kupiga gita.<ref name="reachahand"/> She went to Kitante primary school, Kitante Hill School for O-level and Makerere High, now Migadde College, for A-level. She earned a Bachelor of Procurement and Logistics Management degree at [[Kyambogo University]].<ref name=obse-rver>{{cite web | title=Irene Ntale’s love for sad emotional things | url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34234:-irene-ntales-love-for-sad-emotional-things&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 | accessdate=5 January 2015}}</ref> ==Muziki == Alianza kuimba shuleni na katika kwaya ya kanisa ambapo pia alijifunza jinsi ya kupiga gita.<ref name="reachahand"/> She used to perform at shows, singing other artists songs, until she went to Swangz Avenue.<ref name="obse-rver"/> Ntale has had hit songs since, like "Gyobera", "Love letter" a collaboration with [[Bebe Cool]], "Stay with me", "Nkubukinze" and "Olindaba".<ref name=africanwomanmagazine>{{cite web | title=5 Minutes With: Irene Ntale | url=http://africanwomanmagazine.net/latest/5-minutes-irene-ntale | accessdate=5 January 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204143649/http://africanwomanmagazine.net/latest/5-minutes-irene-ntale/ | archive-date=4 February 2015 | url-status=dead | archivedate=2015-02-04 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204143649/http://africanwomanmagazine.net/latest/5-minutes-irene-ntale/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://station.ugziki.co.ug/IreneNtale|title=Irene Ntale Station, Listen on UG Ziki - UgZiki.co.ug|website=UG Ziki|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref> ==Rekodi za Muziki wa Universal == Mwanzoni mwa 2019, baada ya ziara nyingi huko Lagos, Nigeria, ilisemekana kuwa Ntale alikuwa akifanya mazungumzo na Universal Music Group Nigeria na mnamo 21 Agosti 2019, alisaini mkataba wa rekodi na Universal Music Group Nigeria,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/news/Irene-Ntale-signs-deal-with-Universal-Music-Group-/1840340-5243882-116k0jxz/index.html|title=Irene Ntale Signs deal with Universal Music Group|website=The Citizen|accessdate=27 August 2019}}</ref> making her the first Ugandan artiste to be signed to the record label.<ref name= ghafla!>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ghafla.com/ke/irene-ntale-becomes-the-first-ugandan-to-be-signed-into-universal-music-group-nigeria/|title=Irene Ntale becomes the first Ugandan to be signed into Universal Music Group Nigeria, releases her first single [video]|website=Ghafla!|accessdate=27 August 2019}}</ref> The company posted a welcome message to Ntale on their official Instagram page stating ''“Welcome to the Family!! Uganda’s 1st Lady @irene_ntale The journey has begun…”''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B1azAMYgbzG/|title=Welcome to the Family!!! Irene Ntale|website=Instagram|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref> Ntale aliachia wimbo wake wa kwanza chini ya chapa ya Muziki wa Universal inayoitwa, "Nyamba", wimbo katika lahaja ya eneo lake, ambayo inamaanisha, "" Nisaidie "".<ref name= ghafla!/> ==Tuzo na utambuzi == * Msanii bora wa mafanikio ya kike 2013, Tuzo za Muziki wa Hipipo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hipipo.com/home/artists/irene-ntale/|title=Irene Ntale|website=HiPipo|access-date=2019-06-14|accessdate=2021-05-28|archivedate=2019-06-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601154925/http://www.hipipo.com/home/artists/irene-ntale/}}</ref> *Best Female artist, Buzz Teeniez awards 2014, 2015<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1340617/vision-scoops-buzz-teeniez-awards|title=Vision Group scoops big at Buzz Teeniez Awards|website=www.newvision.co.ug|access-date=2019-06-14|accessdate=2021-05-28|archivedate=2019-07-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717055052/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1340617/vision-scoops-buzz-teeniez-awards}}</ref> == Usomaji == === single === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[http://www.howwe.biz/167/eno-ye-sawa/71/irene-ntale.html Eno ye sawa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/167/eno-ye-sawa/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20160407052018 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/168/stay-with-me/71/irene-ntale.html Stay with me] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/168/stay-with-me/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20160304193934 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/165/nkubukinze-zouk-remix/71/irene-ntale.html Nkubukinze] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/165/nkubukinze-zouk-remix/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20160304095919 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/164/politiqx/71/irene-ntale.html Politics] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/164/politiqx/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20160304083310 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/462/love-letter/71/irene-ntale.html Love letter ft. Bebe Cool] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/462/love-letter/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20160420183629 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/1420/olindaba/71/irene-ntale.html Olindaba] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/1420/olindaba/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20150706195358 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/470/gyobera/71/irene-ntale.html Gyobera] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/470/gyobera/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20160304192402 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/2121/something-about-you-jesus/71/irene-ntale.html Something About Jesus] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/2121/something-about-you-jesus/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20160304191919 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/1965/easy/71/irene-ntale.html Easy ft Jose Chameleone] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/1965/easy/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20160407060532 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/2263/nzenna-nzenna/71/irene-ntale.html Nzenna Nzenna] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/2263/nzenna-nzenna/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20160420183717 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/2355/kabugo/71/irene-ntale.html Kabugo] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/2355/kabugo/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20160304083317 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/2089/think-of-me/71/irene-ntale.html Think of Me] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/2089/think-of-me/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20150706174350 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/1773/ono-omwana-full/71/irene-ntale.html Ono OMwana] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/1773/ono-omwana-full/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20150706201932 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/884/addiction/71/irene-ntale.html Addiction ft Bebe Cool] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/884/addiction/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20160529122707 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/326/katambala/71/irene-ntale.html Katambala ft Ray] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/326/katambala/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20160407062301 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/436/remote-control/71/irene-ntale.html Remote Control] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/436/remote-control/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20160515125449 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/1682/nkole-mpakase/71/irene-ntale.html Nkole Mpakase] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/1682/nkole-mpakase/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20160407055812 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/2034/olugendo/71/irene-ntale.html Olugendo] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/2034/olugendo/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20160407065109 }} *[http://www.howwe.biz/166/langi-empya/71/irene-ntale.html Langi empya] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwe.biz/166/langi-empya/71/irene-ntale.html |date=20160304112001 }} *[https://www.howwe.biz/song/11764/stamina-daddy/71/irene-ntale.html Stamina Daddy] *[https://www.howwe.biz/song/16141/miss-kateteyi/71/irene-ntale.html Miss Kateteyi] *[https://www.howwe.biz/song/16631/post-me/71/irene-ntale.html Post Me Ft Mr. Eazi] *[https://www.howwe.biz/song/14049/gukuba/71/irene-ntale.html Gukuba] {{div col end}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.howwe.biz/IreneNtale Irene Ntale songs] * [http://www.howwe.biz/IreneNtale/videos Irene Ntale music videos] * [http://www.howwe.biz/news/tag/irene-ntale Irene Ntale news] == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989 ]] [[jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] [[jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uganda]] fen2qh3roov2u3lypjsmss6ss38uw4q 0 136660 1236750 1223920 2022-07-30T04:17:39Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:2011_International_Women_of_Courage_Awards_2011-03-08_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Henriette Ekwe Ebo go]] '''Henriette Ekwe Ebongo''' ([[25 Desemba]] , [[mwaka]] [[1949]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Cameroun: Henriette Ebongo Ekwe, mourir plutôt que de trahir |url=https://www.journalducameroun.com/cameroun-henriette-ebongo-ekwe-mourir-plutot-que-de-trahir/ |publisher=Journal du Cameroun |access-date=12 July 2018}}</ref>ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[Kameruni]], mchapishaji na [[mwanaharakati]] wa kisiasa. Alipewa [[Tuzo]] ya Kimataifa ya Wanawake wa Ujasiri mnamo mwaka 2011.<ref name="afripol">{{cite web |url=http://www.afripol.org/afripol/item/248-ekwe-ebongo-of-cameroon-and-nine-others-win-international-women-of-courage-award.html |title=Ekwe Ebongo of Cameroon and nine others win International Women of Courage award |work=afripol.org |date=14 March 2011 |access-date=June 30, 2011 |accessdate=2021-05-29 |archivedate=2019-05-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504083925/http://www.afripol.org/afripol/item/248-ekwe-ebongo-of-cameroon-and-nine-others-win-international-women-of-courage-award.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/03/157710.htm |title=Secretary Clinton To Host the 2011 International Women of Courage Awards |date=2011-06-30 |access-date=2017-03-09 }}</ref> Ebongo ni mtetezi wa uhuru wa vyombo vya habari, usawa wa kijinsia, haki za binadamu, na utawala bora. Alikuwa akihusika katika mapambano dhidi ya udikteta miaka ya [[1980]], na kampeni ya sasa dhidi ya ufisadi wa serikali, ubaguzi wa kijinsia na ukiukwaji wa haki za binadamu. Wakati huu amepata ukandamizaji, mateso, na kupelekwa katika mahakama ya jeshi.<ref name="afripol" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://bishkek.usembassy.gov/tr_03_08_11_g.html |title=Embassy Transcripts &#124; Embassy of the United States Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic |work=bishkek.usembassy.gov |date=8 March 2011 |access-date=June 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006035436/http://bishkek.usembassy.gov/tr_03_08_11_g.html |archive-date=6 October 2011 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2021-05-29 |archivedate=2011-10-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006035436/http://bishkek.usembassy.gov/tr_03_08_11_g.html }}</ref> Yeye ndiye mchapishaji wa gazeti huru la kila wiki '' Babela '' na ni mwanzilishi wa tawi la Kamerun la [[Transparency International]], kupambana na ufisadi [[shirika lisilo la kiserikali]].<ref>{{cite news |url= http://news.cameroon-today.com/cameroons-henriette-ekwe-ebongo-has-been-selected-for-international-women-of-courage-award/4891/ |title=Cameroonian Journo Wins International Women Of Courage Award |work=news.cameroon-today.com |access-date=June 30, 2011}}</ref> ==Marejro== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 42ioccfr8bv5g5mei8mcnsxo1omggxv 0 136663 1236780 1205580 2022-07-30T06:22:37Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Kamel_Daoud_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_février_2015.jpg|thumb|Kamel Daoud mnamo Mwaka 2015 mwandishi wa habari' Algeria]] '''Kamel Daoud''' alizaliwa mnamo tarehe [[17 Juni]] mwaka [[1970]] ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa nchini [[Algeria]]. Hivi sasa anabadilisha lugha ya Kifaransa kila siku '' Le quotidien d'Oran, '' ambayo yeye anaandika safu maarufu, "Raïna Raïkoum" (Maoni Yetu, Maoni Yako). Safu hiyo mara nyingi hujumuisha ufafanuzi juu ya habari.<ref>Daoud, Kamel. Translated into English by Suzanne Ruta. "[https://www.guernicamag.com/daily/kamel_daoud_meursault/ Kamel Daoud: Meursault]" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6da3RBrIg?url=https://www.guernicamag.com/daily/kamel_daoud_meursault/ Archive]). ''Guernica (magazine)|Guernica''. March 28, 2011. Retrieved on December 7, 2015.</ref> == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Daoud alizaliwa Mostaganem, [[Algeria]] mnamo Juni 17, [[1970]].<ref name="Serafin">Steven R. Serafin, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kamel-Daoud Kamel Daoud, ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' (March 11, 2016).</ref> The oldest of six children, he was raised in an Arabic-speaking Muslim family in Algeria.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kamel-Daoud|title=Kamel Daoud {{!}} Algerian writer|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-06-16|language=en}}</ref> Daoud studied French literature at the University of Oran.<ref name="Serafin"/> Daoud alioa na kutalakiwa mwaka [[2008]],baada ya kuzaliwa mtoto wake wa kike,mke wake alizidi kuwa mtu wa dini na kuanza kuvaa hijabu.Ni baba wa watoto wawili(mtoto wa kwanza ni wakiume na wapili ni wakike) na kujitolea riwaya ya ''The Meursault Investigation'' kwao.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/05/magazine/stranger-still.html|title=Stranger Still}}</ref> == Kazi ya uandishi wa habari == Mnamo [[1994]], aliingia "Le Quotidien d'Oran '', gazeti la Kifaransa la Algeria. Alichapisha safu yake ya kwanza miaka mitatu baadaye,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.liberation.fr/monde/2014/04/15/kamel-daoud-bouteflikafka_998140|title=Kamel Daoud. Bouteflikafka|last=Le Touzet|first=Jean-Louis|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815080006/http://www.liberation.fr/monde/2014/04/15/kamel-daoud-bouteflikafka_998140|archive-date=2015-08-15|url-status=dead|accessdate=2021-05-29|archivedate=2015-08-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815080006/http://www.liberation.fr/monde/2014/04/15/kamel-daoud-bouteflikafka_998140}}</ref> titled "Raina raikoum" ("Our opinion, your opinion").<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Ruta|first=Suzanne|date=2011-04-08|title=Kamel Daoud’s Daily Dose of Subversion|url=https://www.berfrois.com/2011/04/kamel-daouds-daily-dose-subversion/|magazine=berfrois}}</ref> He was the Editor in Chief of the newspaper for eight years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemidi-dz.com/index.php?operation=voir_article&id_article=culture%40art2%402008-05-11|title=Le prix littéraire "Mohamed Dib" décerné au journaliste-écrivain Kamel Daoud|date=2008-05-11|work=Le Midi Libre|access-date=2019-06-22}}</ref> He is a Columnist in various media, an editorialist in the online newspaper ''Algérie-Focus'' and his articles are also published in ''Slate Afrique''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.leaders-afrique.com/kamel-daoud/|title=Kamel Daoud|date=2015-06-18|website=Leaders Afrique|language=fr-FR|access-date=2019-06-22}}</ref> == Mabishano == === Pendekezo la utekelezaji === Mnamo Desemba 13, [[2014]], "On n'est pas couché" kwenye Ufaransa 2, Kamel Daoud alisema juu ya uhusiano wake na Uislamu:<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/kamel-daoud-sous-le-coup-d-une-fatwa-17-12-2014-1890421_3.php|title=Kamel Daoud sous le coup d'une fatwa|last=Cocquet|first=Marion|date=2014-12-17|work=Le Point|access-date=2019-06-22|language=fr}}</ref> {{Quote | text = Bado ninaamini: ikiwa hatutaamua katika ulimwengu unaoitwa wa Kiarabu swali la Mungu, hatutamrekebisha mtu huyo, hatutasonga mbele, alisema. Swali la kidini linakuwa muhimu katika ulimwengu wa Kiarabu. Lazima tuikate, lazima tufikirie juu yake ili kusonga mbele. | Sign = | chanzo =}} Siku tatu baadaye, Abdelfattah Hamadache Zeraoui, imamu wa Salafist wakati huo alikuwa akifanya kazi Habari za Echorouk | Habari za Echourouk, alijibu taarifa hii kwa kutangaza kwamba fatwa # fatwa za kisiasa na mabishano | Daoud auawe kwa kusema , akiandika kwamba "ikiwa sharia za Kiislam zitatumika nchini Algeria, adhabu itakuwa kifo kwa uasi na uzushi." Alibainisha:<ref name=":0" /> {{Quote|text=HAlihoji Kurani pamoja na Uislam mtakatifu,aliwajerui waislam katika sifa zao za magharibi na wazayuni.Alishambulia lugha ya kiarabu.Tunatoa wito kwa serikali ya Algeria kumhukumu kifo hadharani,kwa sababu ya vita vyake dhidi ya Mungu ,Nabii wake,kitabu chake,Waislamu na nchi zao Kisha akarudia tishio lake kwenye Ennahar Tv,ugani wa gazeti la kila siku la Kiarabu la Ennahar .<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/01/15/en-algerie-les-islamistes-radicaux-a-l-air-libre_4556800_3212.html|title=En Algérie, les islamistes radicaux à l’air libre|last=Aït-Hatrit|first=Saïd|date=2015-01-15|work=Le Monde|access-date=2019-06-22|language=fr|issn=1950-6244}}</ref> Daoud aliwasilisha malalamiko katika korti ya Algeria na mahakama ilitoa uamuzi mnamo Machi 8, [[2016]] kwamba wakili wa Daoud aliita "isiyokuwa ya kawaida": Zeraoui alihukumiwa kifungo cha miezi mitatu hadi sita gerezani na faini ya 50,000 - dinari ya Algeria | dinari.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.liberation.fr/planete/2016/03/08/algerie-kamel-daoud-fait-condamner-un-imam_1438275|title=Algérie: Kamel Daoud fait condamner un imam|work=[[Libération]]|access-date=2019-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311124449/http://www.liberation.fr/planete/2016/03/08/algerie-kamel-daoud-fait-condamner-un-imam_1438275|archive-date=2016-03-11|url-status=dead|language=fr|accessdate=2021-05-29|archivedate=2016-03-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311124449/http://www.liberation.fr/planete/2016/03/08/algerie-kamel-daoud-fait-condamner-un-imam_1438275}}</ref> However, this sentence was annulled in June 2016 by the Oran Court of Appeal for "territorial incompetence".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://algeria-watch.org/?p=21928|title=Affaire Kamel Daoud-Hamadache: Le tribunal d’Oran se déclare incompétent|website=Algeria-Watch|language=fr-FR|access-date=2019-06-22}}</ref> ==Kazi == [Riwaya ya kwanza] ya Daoud, "Uchunguzi wa Meursault '' <! - kitabu rasmi cha Kiingereza cha kitabu -> (kwa Kifaransa," Meursault, contre-enquête ") (2013), alishinda Prix Goncourt | Prix Goncourt du Premier Roman (Tuzo ya Goncourt ya Riwaya ya Kwanza),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://academie-goncourt.fr/?rubrique=1229172884 |title=Le Goncourt du premier roman 2015 |publisher=Academie Goncourt |date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=May 7, 2015}}</ref> as well as the prix François Mauriac and the Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie. It was also shortlisted for the Prix Renaudot.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://themodernnovelblog.com/2014/10/29/kamel-daoud-meursault-contre-enque%cc%82te-meursault-counter-investigation/ |title=Kamel Daoud: Meursault, contre-enquête [Meursault, Counter Investigation|publisher=The Modern Novel Blog|date=2014-10-29 |access-date=2016-02-14}}</ref> Mnamo Aprili 2015, kifungu kutoka kwa "Meursault, contre-enquête" kiliwekwa kwenye jarida la "New Yorker (jarida) | New Yorker".<ref>Daoud, Kamel. Translated into English by John Cullen. "[http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/04/06/musa?intcid=mod-yml Musa]" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6da4GuFkW?url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/04/06/musa?intcid%3Dmod-yml Archive]). ''New Yorker (magazine)|New Yorker''. April 6, 2015. Retrieved on December 7, 2015.</ref> Toleo la Novemba 20, 2015 la '' New York Times '' liliangazia maoni ya Daoud yenye jina la "Saudi Arabia, ISIS Iliyoifanya" kwa Kiingereza (iliyotafsiriwa na John Cullen) na Kifaransa.<ref>Daoud, Kamel. Translator: John Cullen. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/21/opinion/saudi-arabia-an-isis-that-has-made-it.html Saudi Arabia, an ISIS That Has Made It]" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6da0Xmklv?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/21/opinion/saudi-arabia-an-isis-that-has-made-it.html?_r=1 Archive]). ''[[The New York Times]]''. November 20, 2015. Original French: "[https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/21/opinion/larabie-saoudite-un-daesh-qui-a-reussi.html L'Arabie saoudite, un Daesh qui a réussi]" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6da08V3HX?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/21/opinion/larabie-saoudite-un-daesh-qui-a-reussi.html?_r=0 Archive]).</ref> Toleo la Februari 14, 2016 la "New York Times" lilikuwa na utata<ref>Hugh Schofield, [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35653496 Algerian novelist Kamel Daoud sparks Islamophobia row], BBC News (March 7, 2016).</ref> second op-ed piece by Daoud, "The Sexual Misery of the Arab World" in English (translated by John Cullen), French, and Arabic.<ref>Daoud, Kamel. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/14/opinion/sunday/the-sexual-misery-of-the-arab-world.html The Sexual Misery of the Arab World]" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6fSSDk9Pz?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/14/opinion/sunday/the-sexual-misery-of-the-arab-world.html?_r=1 Archive]). ''[[The New York Times]]''. February 12, 2016. Print headline: "Sexual Misery and Islam." February 14, 2016. p. SR7, National Edition. Original French version: "[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/14/opinion/sunday/la-misere-sexuelle-du-monde-arabe.html La misère sexuelle du monde arabe]" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6fSSfbgWh?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/14/opinion/sunday/la-misere-sexuelle-du-monde-arabe.html?_r=0 Archive]). Arabic version: "[https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/02/12/opinion/sunday/kamel-daoud-sexual-misery-in-the-arab-world-arabic.html?rref=collection%2Fcolumn%2FKamel%20Daoud البؤس الجنسيّ في العالم العربيّ]" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6fSSQRhML?url=http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/02/12/opinion/sunday/kamel-daoud-sexual-misery-in-the-arab-world-arabic.html?rref=collection%2Fcolumn%2FKamel%20Daoud&_r=0 Archive]).</ref> Both of these articles were republished in his 2017 collection of essays ''Mes Indépendances''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Daoud|first=Kamel|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/976436139|title=Mes indépendances : chroniques 2010-2016|date=2017|publisher=Actes Sud|others=Semiane, Sid Ahmed.|isbn=978-2-330-07282-7|location=Arles|oclc=976436139}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka [[2018]], makala yake "Le Quotidien d'Oran" "(2010-2016) yalitafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza. <ref> Kamel Daoud:" Chroniques: nguzo zilizochaguliwa: 2010-2016: "New York: Vyombo vingine vya Habari: 2018: {{ISBN | 9781590519578}}</ref> === Riwaya === * {{nukuu kitabu | mwandishi = Daoud, Kamel | title = Uchunguzi wa Meursault | translator-last = Cullen | translator-first = John | mchapishaji = Vyombo vingine vya habari | year = 2015 <! - isbn = - >}}<ref>Originally published in French as ''Meursault, contre-enquête'', 2013.</ref> **Iliyochapishwa asili na itionsditions Barzakh<ref>{{Cite book|last=Daoud, Kamel|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/874450228|title=Meursault, contre-enquête : roman|isbn=978-9931-325-56-7|location=Alger|oclc=874450228}}</ref> in 2013 then by Actes Sud<ref>{{Cite book|last=Daoud, Kamel|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/880551333|title=Meursault, contre-enquête : roman|isbn=978-2-330-03372-9|edition=1re édition|location=Arles|oclc=880551333}}</ref> mnamo 2014. * Zabor, au Zaburi (2021). Ilitafsiriwa na Ramadhani, Emma. Vyombo vya habari vingine.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Daoud, Kamel|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1157910218|title=Zabor, or the psalms : a novel|others=Ramadan, Emma.|isbn=978-1-63542-014-2|location=New York|oclc=1157910218}}</ref> **''Zabor ou Les Psaume "(2017). Toleo Barzach na Actes Sud.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Daoud, Kamel|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1000594725|title=Zabor ou les psaumes : roman|isbn=978-2-330-08173-7|edition=1re édition|location=Arles|oclc=1000594725}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Mbegu}} * {{in lang|fr}} Daoud, Kamel. "http://www.lequotidien-oran.com/?news=5224963 Lettre à un ami étranger ]." ''Le Quotidien d'Oran''. [[jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970 ]] [[jamii:Waliohai]] [[jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] 8c0onwbvlbyf3i1763ix10hv7sqwjs4 0 136669 1236739 1188781 2022-07-30T03:48:35Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Salima_Ghezali_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_novembre_2013.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Salima Ghezali]] '''Salima Ghezali''' (Alizaliwa mnamo mwaka [[1958]]) Ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] na [[vitabu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/ghez-cn.htm|title=Ghezali's dangerous beat|publisher=Third World Network|access-date=2010-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305201118/http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/ghez-cn.htm|archive-date=2013-03-05|url-status=dead|accessdate=2021-05-29|archivedate=2012-12-24|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20121224195155/http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/ghez-cn.htm}}</ref> Mwanachama mwanzilishi wa Wanawake huko ulaya na Maghreb, raisi wa chama cha maendeleo ya wanawake, na mhariri wa jarida la wanawake "NYSSA", ambalo alianzisha, na mhariri wa jarida la kila wiki la lugha ya Kifaransa "La Nation" , Salima Ghezali ni mwanaharakati wa [[haki]] za [[wanawake]] na haki za binadamu na demokrasia nchini [[Algeria]]. Mnamo mwaka [[1997]] Ghezali alishinda tuzo ya Sakharov <ref>{{cite web |url=http://sakharovnetwork.rsfblog.org/archive/2008/12/04/salima-ghezali-1997.html |title=Salima Ghezali 1997 |date=2008-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826145901/http://sakharovnetwork.rsfblog.org/archive/2008/12/04/salima-ghezali-1997.html |archive-date=2011-08-26 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2021-05-29 |archivedate=2011-08-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826145901/http://sakharovnetwork.rsfblog.org/archive/2008/12/04/salima-ghezali-1997.html }}</ref> pamoja na Tuzo ya Olof Palme. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ghezali, Salima}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon ]] lof1kyj000z3hjxcybw9omuiux7at7z 0 136675 1236734 1187771 2022-07-30T03:31:43Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''François Giuliani''' alizaliwa mnamo [[5 Agosti]] mwaka [[1938]] nchini [[Algeria]]. == Maisha ya awali == Alikuwa [[mwandishi wa habari]] na mtangazaji kutoka nchini [[Algeria]] . ==Kazi== Mnamo mwaka [[1961]] alijiunga na wafanyikazi wa Reuters. Akifanya [[kazi]] kama mwandishi wa habari na alifanya [[kazi]] barani [[Afrika]] na [[London]]. Kwa takriban miaka kumi. Mnamo mwaka [[1971]] alijiunga na Sehemu ya Waandishi wa Habari ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Ambao alifanya kazi kwa zaidi ya miaka ishirini. Mnamo mwaka [[1992]] alihamia Idara ya Habari ya Umma ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Mnamo mwaka [[1996]] alihamia UN na kuwa Mkurugenzi wa Vyombo vya Habari na Uhusiano wa Umma huko Metropolitan Opera ambapo alihudumu hadi alipostaafu mnamo Mwaka [[2006]]. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii: Mbegu za watu]] [[Jamii: Watu wa Algeria]] [[Jamii: Arusha Translation-a-thon]] i9xqbrev35mvzke1olqxd0geh05o1ec 0 136686 1236736 1208066 2022-07-30T03:40:55Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Mural Neruda.jpg|thumb|right|Mural_Neruda]] '''Freedom Neruda ''' (jina la kuzaliwa ''Tiéti Roch d'Assomption'', [[15 Agosti]], [[1956]], [[Duékoué]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]]) ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa nchini [[Ivory Coast]]. Mnamo [[1996]], alifungwa kwa kashfa ya uchochezi baada ya kuandika nakala ya kejeli kuhusu Rais wa Ivory Coast Henri Konan Bédié. Mwaka uliofuata, alishinda Tuzo za Uhuru wa Vyombo vya Habari vya Kimataifa vya CPJ | Tuzo ya Uhuru wa Vyombo vya Habari vya Kimataifa kutoka kwa Kamati ya Kulinda Wanahabari, na mnamo 2000, alitajwa kama mmoja wa Taasisi ya Habari ya Kimataifa 50 Mashujaa wa Uhuru wa Vyombo vya Habari Ulimwenguni miaka 50 iliyopita. == Usuli == Neruda ni mwanafunzi wa [[chuo kikuu]] cha Abidjan. Baada ya kuhitimu, alifanya kazi kama mwalimu wa hesabu wa shule ya upili hadi 1988. Baada ya jaribio lisilofanikiwa la kuanzisha gazeti lake la kujitegemea, '' La Chronique du Soir '', Neruda alikubali kuchukua "" La Voie "iliyoanzishwa mnamo 1991. Neruda akiwa mhariri mkuu wake , '' La Voie '' iliendelea kuwa gazeti huru linalouzwa zaidi nchini nyingi duniani.<ref name=CPJ /> Jarida hilo mara kwa mara lilikuwa likiangazia serikali kuu ya Rais Bédié, na kusababisha mashtaka kadhaa ya korti kwa mashtaka ya kashfa na vifungo vya gerezani kwa wafanyikazi wasiopungua sita wa wahariri. Mnamo 1995, ofisi za karatasi zilichomwa moto, lakini hakuna mtu aliyejeruhiwa. == "" Il maudit l'ASEC "" jaribio == Mnamo [[18 Desemba]] [[1995]], '' La Voie '' aliandika nakala juu ya upotezaji wa Ivorian ASEC Mimosas kwa Afrika Kusini n Orlando Pirates katika fainali za Chama cha mpira wa miguu | mpira wa miguu CAF Champions League. Mwambao wa pembeni wa mwandishi Emmanuel Koré, uliokuwa na kichwa "'' Il maudit l'ASEC ''" ("Alilaani / kushtaki ASEC"), kwa utani alipendekeza kwamba bahati mbaya ya uwepo wa Rais Bédié imesababisha kushindwa kwa timu; nakala hiyo pia ilicheza juu ya itikadi kutoka kwa fasihi za Bdidié zilizochaguliwa tena za mwaka uliopita, ambapo aliahidi kuleta "bahati nzuri" kwa taifa. Ingawa ubao wa pembeni ulikuwa moja ya ukosoaji mbaya sana wa serikali ya Bédié ambayo ilionekana katika "La Voie", kwa kumtaja rais waziwazi, ilileta changamoto moja kwa moja kwa sheria ya 1991 inayoruhusu serikali kushtaki "watu wanaowatukana maafisa wa serikali au ofisi" kwa udhalilishaji wa jinai. Mkurugenzi wa uchapishaji wa Koré na "La Voie" Abou Drahamane Sangar walikamatwa muda mfupi baada ya nakala hiyo kutokea. Hati pia ilitolewa kwa Neruda, ambaye alikwepa kukamatwa kwa siku kadhaa kupanga matunzo kwa mtoto wake wa miaka kumi. Mnamo 2 Januari 1996, Neruda alijielekeza katika kituo cha polisi na pia alikamatwa.<ref name=WOF>{{cite book |title=Words of fire: independent journalists who challenge dictators, druglords, and other enemies of a free press |last=Collings |first=Anthony |year=2001 |publisher=[[NYU Press |isbn=0-8147-1605-9 |pages=124–5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d3smczbC72QC&q=%22Freedom+Neruda%22&pg=PA124 |access-date=26 January 2012}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 11 Januari, Neruda, Koré na Sangar walitiwa hatiani kwa "makosa dhidi ya mkuu wa nchi" na kuhukumiwa kifungo cha miaka miwili kila mmoja. Wakati wa kifungo chake, Neruda aliendelea kuandika habari kutoka gerezani, akizisafirisha na kuzichapisha katika "Lalalative" chini ya jina la kalamu la kike "Bintou Diawara". Mada zake zilijumuisha kashfa ya kifedha na sentensi nyepesi zaidi zilizopewa matajiri watu wa Lebanon nchini Cote d'Ivoire | Lebanoni wafungwa. <Ref name = WOF /> Wakati wanahabari hao watatu walipokata rufaa kwa Mahakama Kuu mnamo Agosti, Rais Bédié alionekana kwenye runinga akiwapa msamaha ikiwa wangeondoa rufaa hiyo. Kuhisi kwamba hii itakuwa kukubali kimyakimya kwa hatia, waandishi wa habari walikataa ombi hilo. <Ref name = CPJ /> Mahakama Kuu ilikataa rufaa yao mnamo Novemba, lakini watatu hao waliachiliwa mnamo 1 Januari 1997, wakiwa wametumikia nusu tu ya vifungo vyao. ==Utambuzi wa kimataifa == Mnamo Novemba [[1997]], miezi 10 baada ya kuachiliwa huru, Neruda alipewa Tuzo ya Uhuru wa Kimataifa wa Wanahabari wa Kamati ya Kulinda Wanahabari,<ref name=CPJ>{{cite web |url=http://cpj.org/awards/1997/freedom.php |title=Freedom Neruda |year=1997 |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists |access-date=25 January 2012}}</ref> "an annual recognition of courageous journalism".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cpj.org/awards/ |title=CPJ International Press Freedom Awards 2011 |year=2011 |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists |access-date=17 January 2012}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Category:Watu walio hai]] [[Category:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Cote d'Ivoire]] eslobmpo9ens6bbq1xr2cqpc5wfuy14 0 136689 1236747 1188723 2022-07-30T04:07:41Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Habiba Dembélé Sahouet''' ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] na mtangazaji wa [[runinga]] wa nchini [[Ivory Coast]]. Kwa sasa ni mtangazaji wa habari za runinga '' 13 heures '' na '' 20 heures '' kwenye idhaa kuu ya La Première (RTI), iliyoko [[Abidjan]].<ref>Ripoti za nchi juu ya vitendo vya haki za binadamu Volume 1 - Ukurasa 170 Merika. Idara ya Jimbo, Merika. Bunge. Nyumba. Kamati ya Mambo ya nje, Merika. Bunge. Seneti. Kamati ya Mahusiano ya Kigeni - 2005 "Kwa mfano, baada ya mahojiano ya Februari na balozi wa Ivoirian kwenye UN na mwakilishi wa NF, mwandishi wa habari wa RTI Habiba Dembele alipokea vitisho vya kifo kwa kutoa mtazamo wa NF."</ref> Mnamo [[Februari 11]], [[2008]], moto ulizuka katika studio wakati alipokuwa akipiga picha ya "20 heures", na kumlazimisha akimbie jengo hilo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afrik.com/article13605.html|title= Un incendie à la télévision nationale crée la panique à Abidjan|publisher=Afrik.com|date=February 13, 2008|accessdate=July 2010}}</ref> Moto ulidhuru baadhi ya studio lakini uliweza kuzuiwa na [[zimamoto]]. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Cote d'Ivoire]] to4mp0yts0xgshlva3rb0393kf7uzu7 0 136711 1236775 1204655 2022-07-30T06:02:01Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:José Eduardo Agualusa.jpg|thumb|José Eduardo Agualusa]] '''José Eduardo Agualusa Alves da Cunha''' (alizaliwa [[Desemba 13]], [[1960]]) ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa [[Angola]] na mwandishi wa Ureno <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.agualusa.pt/index.php?alt_lang=1 |title=José Eduardo Agualusa |website=Agualusa.pt |access-date=2017-06-23 |accessdate=2021-05-29 |archivedate=2020-11-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125054409/https://www.agualusa.pt/index.php?alt_lang=1 }}</ref> Alisoma agronomy na silviculture huko Lisbon, Portugal. Hivi sasa anaishi katika Kisiwa cha Msumbiji, akifanya kazi kama mwandishi wa habari. Pia amekuwa akifanya kazi kuanzisha public librarykwenye kisiwa hicho.<ref>{{cite news |author=Kean, Danuta |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/jun/21/angolan-jose-eduardo-agualusa-wins-100000-impac-dublin-prize-general-history-of-oblivion |title=Angolan writer José Eduardo Agualusa wins €100,000 International Dublin literary award &#124; Books |newspaper=The Guardian |date=21 June 2017 |access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref> Agualusa anaandika zaidi katika [[lugha]] yake ya asili, lugha ya Kireno | Kireno.<ref name="Gikandi 2003">{{cite book |last=Gikandi |first=Simon |author-link=Simon Gikandi |title=Encyclopedia of African Literature |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-134-58223-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKmCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA18 |access-date=17 November 2018 |page=18}}</ref>Vitabu vyake vimetafsiriwa katika lugha ishirini na tano, haswa katika lugha ya Kiingereza | Kiingereza na mtafsiri Daniel Hahn, mshirika wake wa mara kwa mara. Maandishi yake mengi yanaangazia historia ya Angola.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://numerocinqmagazine.com/2016/03/12/spare-my-wrists-a-review-of-a-general-theory-of-oblivion-by-jose-eduardo-agualusa-jeff-bursey/ |title=Spare My Wrists : Review of A General Theory of Oblivion by José Eduardo Agualusa – Jeff Bursey &#124; Numéro Cinq |website=Numerocinqmagazine.com |access-date=2017-06-23}}</ref> Ameona mafanikio kadhaa katika duru za fasihi zinazozungumza Kiingereza, haswa kwa "Nadharia ya Ujumla ya Utambuzi" Riwaya hiyo, iliyoandikwa mnamo 2012 na kutafsiriwa mnamo 2015, ilichaguliwa kwa 2016 Man Booker International Prize,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://themanbookerprize.com/books/general-theory-oblivion-by-child-child-page-awesomeness |title=A General Theory of Oblivion &#124; The Man Booker Prizes |website=Themanbookerprize.com |access-date=2017-06-23}}</ref> and was the recipient of the 2017 International Dublin Literary Award.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Battersby |first1=Eileen |title=José Eduardo Agualusa wins €100,000 International Dublin Literary Award |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/jos%C3%A9-eduardo-agualusa-wins-100-000-international-dublin-literary-award-1.3127773?mode=amp |access-date=17 September 2017 |work=The Irish Times |date=21 June 2017}}</ref> ==Bibliografia == * ''A Conjura'' (novel, 1989) * ''D. Nicolau Água-Rosada e outras estórias verdadeiras e inverosímeis'' (short stories, 1990) * ''O coração dos bosques'' (poetry, 1991) * ''A feira dos assombrados'' (novella, 1992) * ''Estação das Chuvas'' (novel, 1996) * ''Nação Crioula'' (novel, 1997) * ''Fronteiras Perdidas, contos para viajar'' (short stories, 1999) * ''Um estranho em Goa'' (novel, 2000) * ''Estranhões e Bizarrocos'' (juvenile literature, 2000) * ''A Substância do Amor e Outras Crónicas'' (chronicles, 2000) * ''O Homem que Parecia um Domingo'' (short stories, 2002) * ''Catálogo de Sombras'' (short stories, 2003) * ''O Ano em que Zumbi Tomou o Rio'' (novel, 2003) * ''O Vendedor de Passados'' (novel, 2004) * ''Manual Prático de Levitação'' (short stories, 2005) * ''As Mulheres de Meu Pai'' (novel, 2007) * ''Na rota das especiarias'' (guide, 2008) * ''Barroco tropical'' (novel, 2009) * ''Milagrário Pessoal'' (novel, 2010) * ''[[A General Theory of Oblivion|Teoria Geral do Esquecimento]]'' (novel, 2012) * ''A educação sentimental dos pássaros'' (novel, 2012) * ''A Vida no Céu'' (novel, 2013) * ''A Rainha Ginga'' (novel, 2014) * ''O Livro dos Camaleões'' (short stories, 2015) * ''A sociedade dos sonhadores involuntários'' (2017) ''The Society of Reluctant Dreamers'', trans. Daniel Hahn (2019). Amechapisha pia, kwa kushirikiana na mwandishi mwenzake Fernando Semedo na mpiga picha Elza Rocha, kazi ya kuripoti uchunguzi juu ya jamii ya Kiafrika ya Lisbon, "Lisboa Africana" (1993). Mchezo wake "Aquela Mulher" ulichezwa na [[Brazil]] mwigizaji wa ian Marília Gabriela [aliyeongozwa na Antônio Fagundes huko São Paulo, Brazil, mwaka 2008 na Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, mnamo 2009. Aliandika pamoja tamthiliya "Chovem amores na Rua do Matador" na mwandishi Msumbiji | Msumbiji Mia Couto. === Kazi zilizotafsiriwa === Riwaya hizi zote zilitafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza na Daniel Hahn: '' Creole '' ('' Nação Crioula '' - riwaya, 2002): Anasimulia hadithi ya mapenzi ya siri kati ya mtalii wa uwongo wa Ureno Fradique Mendes | Carlos Fradique Mendes (uundaji wa mwandishi wa riwaya wa Ureno wa karne ya 19 Eça de Queiroz na Ana Olímpia de Caminha, mtumwa wa zamani ambaye alikua mmoja wa watu matajiri zaidi nchini Angola. '' The Book of Chameleons '' ('' O Vendedor de Passados ​​'' - riwaya, 2004): Dondoo lilionekana katika '' Miungu na Askari: The Penguin Books | Penguin Anthology of Contemporary African Kuandika "mnamo 2009. "Wake za Baba Yangu" "(Kama Mulheres de Meu Pai" - riwaya, 2008) '' Msimu wa Mvua '' ('' Estação das Chuvas '' - riwaya, 2009): [[riwaya ya wasifu]] kuhusu Lidia do Carmo Ferreira, mshairi na mwanahistoria wa Angola ambaye alitoweka kisirisiri huko [[Luanda]] mnamo 1992. '' Nadharia ya Ujumla '' ('' Teoria Geral do Esquecimento '' - riwaya, 2015): Anasimulia historia ya Angola kwa mtazamo wa mwanamke anayeitwa Ludo ambaye anajizuia katika nyumba yake ya Luandan kwa watatu miongo-kuanzia siku moja kabla ya uhuru wa nchi. === Kazi isiyo ya uwongo === Agualusa anaandika kila mwezi kwa jarida la Kireno '' LER '' na kila wiki kwa gazeti la Brazil '' O Globo '' na bandari ya Angola '' Rede Angola ''. Yeye huandaa kipindi cha redio "A Hora das Cigarras", kuhusu muziki wa Afrika na mashairi, kwenye kituo RDP Africa. Mnamo 2006, alizindua, pamoja na Conceição Lopes na Fatima Otero, mchapishaji wa Brazil Língua Geral, aliyejitolea pekee kwa waandishi wa lugha ya Kireno. == Kukosoa na kutafsiri == Kazi ya Agualusa ilielezewa na Ana Mafalda Leite kama wakati mwingine inatoa "kiunga kati ya historia na hadithi za uwongo, kati ya akaunti ya hafla za zamani na maelezo ya kile ambacho kingewezekana." Mkosoaji anaendelea, "Mwandishi anajaribu ... kunasa wakati ambao historia inakuwa fasihi, kuonyesha jinsi mawazo ya fasihi yanavyotangulia juu ya kihistoria kwa njia ya maono ya ajabu na maono ya maisha." Tathmini yake ya ustadi wa mwandishi ni kama ifuatavyo: "Agualusa haitoi ushahidi tu wa utafiti thabiti wa kihistoria lakini pia wa talanta ya fasihi ambayo huwafanya wahusika hawa kuwa hai."<ref>Leite, Ana Mafalda. "Angola." ''The Postcolonial Literature of Lusophone Africa''. Ed. Patrick Chabal. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1996. p. 114. Print.</ref> == ZAWADI == Mnamo Juni 2017, Agualusa, pamoja na Daniel Hahn, mtafsiri wake, alipewa tuzo Tuzo ya Kimataifa ya Fasihi ya Dublin kwa riwaya yake '' A General Theory of Oblivion ''. Kazi ya Agualusa ilishinda orodha fupi ya vichwa kumi kutoka ulimwenguni kote, pamoja na ile iliyoandikwa na mwandishi wa Ireland Anne Enright, kudai tuzo ya € 100,000. Agualusa alipewa € 75,000 kibinafsi, kwani mtafsiri, Daniel Hahn, alikuwa na haki ya kupata sehemu ya 25,000 ya pesa ya tuzo.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/books/international-dublin-literary-award-2017-jos-eduardo-agualusa-wins-for-a-general-theory-of-oblivion-35850969.html |title=International Dublin Literary Award 2017: José Eduardo Agualusa wins for A General Theory of Oblivion |website=Independent.ie |date=2016-05-15 |access-date=2017-06-23}}</ref> ''Nação Crioula'' (1997) was awarded the Rádio e Televisão de Portugal|RTP Great Literary Prize. ''The Book of Chameleons'' (2006) won the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize in 2007. He is the first African writer to win the award since its inception in 1990.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6612907.stm |title=Entertainment &#124; Angolan author wins fiction prize |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-05-01 |access-date=2017-06-23}}</ref> Agualusa alinufaika na ruzuku tatu za fasihi: ya kwanza ilitolewa na Kireno Centro Nacional de Cultura mnamo 1997 kuandika '' Nação Crioula '' ('' Creole ''); ya pili iliyotolewa mwaka 2000 na Wafaransa wa Ureno Fundação Oriente ikimruhusu kutembelea Goa, India, kwa miezi mitatu ambayo ilisababisha '' Um estranho em Goa ''; ya tatu, mnamo 2001, ilipewa heshima na Ujerumani | Kijerumani Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst. Shukrani kwa ruzuku hiyo, aliishi mwaka mmoja Berlin, ambapo aliandika '' O Ano em que Zumbi Tomou o Rio ''. Mnamo 2009, alialikwa na Uholanzi | Uholanzi Ukaazi wa Waandishi huko Amsterdam, ambapo aliandika '' Barroco Tropical'. == Kusoma zaidi == * Brookshaw, David. 2002. "Sauti kutoka maeneo ya mpakani ya Lusophone: vitambulisho vya Angola vya António Agostinho Neto, Jorge Arrimar na José Eduardo Agualusa." * Guterres, Maria. "Historia na Hadithi katika Riwaya za José Eduardo Agualusa." '' Hadithi katika Ulimwengu Unaozungumza Kireno ''. Mh. Charles M. Kelley. Cardiff: Chuo Kikuu cha Wales Press, 2000. pp & nbsp; 117-38. Chapisha. == External links == * [http://www.agualusa.pt/index.php?alt_lang=1 Homepage of José Eduardo Agualusa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.agualusa.pt/index.php?alt_lang=1 |date=20201125054409 }} * [http://www.literaturfestival.com/archive/participants/authors/2001/jose-eduardo-agualusa Biography] from the international literature festival berlin * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6612907.stm "Angolan author wins fiction prize"], BBC News, 1 May 2007 * [http://wordswithoutborders.org/article/an-interview-with-jos-eduardo-agualusa/ "An Interview with José Eduardo Agualusa"] * [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/a-general-theory-of-oblivion-by-jos-eduardo-agualusa-trans-daniel-hahn-book-review-10360788.html "A General Theory Of Oblivion by José Eduardo Agualusa; trans. Daniel Hahn, book review"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/a-general-theory-of-oblivion-by-jos-eduardo-agualusa-trans-daniel-hahn-book-review-10360788.html |date=20170616203955 }}, ''The Independent'', 2 July 2015 * [http://www.bigissue.com/reviews/book-reviews/5466/a-general-theory-of-oblivion-by-jos-eduardo-agualusa-review "A General Theory of Oblivion by José Eduardo Agualusa—Review"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bigissue.com/reviews/book-reviews/5466/a-general-theory-of-oblivion-by-jos-eduardo-agualusa-review |date=20160504044622 }}, ''The Big Issue'', 15 July 2015 == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Waliohai]] 6lcsf18hj1km4xkvieca8639598skb6 0 136715 1236731 1197405 2022-07-30T03:19:05Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fatoumata Fatu Camara''' (pia anajulikana kama ‘’’Fatou Camara’’’) ni mtangazaji wa [[runinga]] na [[mwandishi wa habari]] nchini [[Gambia]]. == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Camara ni mtoto wa kike wa Modou Lamin Camara na Fatou Njie. Alisoma shule ya Msingi ya Walemavu wa Ngozi ‘’Albion Primary School’’na baadae elimu ya kati katika ‘’Gambia High School’’.<ref name="fatunetwork_Author1">{{cite web|title=Fatu Camara, Author at The Fatu Network|periodical=fatunetwork.net|publisher=The Fatu Network|url=http://fatunetwork.net/author/fatu1809/|url-status=|format=|access-date=2017-03-17|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=|date=|year=|language=en-US|pages=|quote=}} </ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201510061388.html|title=Gambia: Fatou Camara in Her Own Words|last=|first=|date=2015-10-06|website=All Africa|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-02-12}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Gambia]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] fxa3zka9dhopqwdy32vvmm23bqzz5pm 0 136720 1236737 1197327 2022-07-30T03:43:01Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gaona Thlasana at the Mandela Washington Fellowship for Young African Leaders 2015 Press Briefing.jpg|thumb|Gaona Dintwe ([[2015]])]] '''Gaona Nketso Dintwe''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 1]], [[1983]]) ni mtangazaji, [[mwandishi wa habari]] na [[mjasiriamali]] wa media wa [[Botswana]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irex.org/person/nketso-gaona-tlhasana|title=Nketso Gaona Tlhasana|work=irex.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427022913/https://www.irex.org/person/nketso-gaona-tlhasana|archivedate=2016-04-27}}</ref> Tangu [[mwaka]] [[2006]], amefanya kazi kama mtangazaji wa redio na runinga wa Radio Botswana 2 na Televisheni ya Botswana inayoongoza vipindi kadhaa ikiwa ni pamoja na asubuhi ya RB2 'Urban Flavas' na kipindi cha asubuhi cha TV ya Botswana na kwa kuongezea amewasilisha pia vipindi vingine vya runinga na kwa sasa anaandaa Gaona Live. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.botswanayouth.com/gaona-shares-her-10-lessons-from-trying-times/|title=Gaona Shares Her 10 Lessons From Trying Times!|work=Botswana Youth Magazine}}</ref> == Kazi == Mnamo mwaka [[2006]], Dintwe alianza safari yake katika vyombo vya habari alipojiunga na Redio Botswana 2 kama mtangazaji wa redio. Hii ilikuwa tu baada ya kuhitimu kutoka Monash Afrika Kusini na Shahada ya sanaa katika Mawasiliano na Mafunzo ya Media. Katika RB2, Alishiriki kipindi chake cha katikati ya asubuhi Urban Flavas, kipindi cha redio cha watu wazima katikati ya wiki asubuhi ambacho kiliwapatia wapenzi mazungumzo ya busara na ya kibinadamu kikiambatana na muziki mzuri ambao ni mchanganyiko wa vibao vya kawaida na vya sasa. <ref name="irex.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.irex.org/person/nketso-gaona-tlhasana|title=Nketso Gaona Tlhasana|work=irex.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427022913/https://www.irex.org/person/nketso-gaona-tlhasana|archivedate=2016-04-27}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160427022913/https://www.irex.org/person/nketso-gaona-tlhasana "Nketso Gaona Tlhasana"]. ''irex.org''. Archived from [https://www.irex.org/person/nketso-gaona-tlhasana the original] on 2016-04-27.</cite></ref> Baadaye alijiunga na Televisheni ya Botswana, BTV, akiongeza talanta zake za media kwa kuwa pia msomaji wa habari kwenye RB1 na RB 2 na alikuwa mtangazaji mkuu wa habari kwenye BTV. Mara kadhaa, alipata nafasi ya kutangaza moja kwa moja kutoka bungeni, Hotuba kwa Nchi na Rais na pia kuwasilisha Hotuba ya Bajeti na Waziri wa Fedha na mipango ya Maendeleo, na kumfanya kuwa mmoja wa wachache watendaji wa vyombo vya habari pande zote nchini Botswana. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.botswanayouth.com/gaona-tlhasana-not-your-average-girl-next-door/|title=Gaona Tlhasana-Not Your Average Girl Next Door!|work=Botswana Youth Magazine}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Dintwe aliolewa na Thobo Tlhasana, rafiki yake wa muda mrefu, mnamo Septemba 2012. Walijitahidi kupata mimba katika ndoa yao ya miaka mitatu na mnamo Februari 2015, Tlhasana alikuwa sauti kwa wanawake wanaoshughulikia utasa wakati alitoka na kuzungumzia mapambano yake na [[Endometriosisi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fifyloewen.com/2015/05/about-endometriosis-and-infertility-with-gaona-mothers-day-guest-post/|work=fifyloewen.com|accessdate=2016-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326054911/http://fifyloewen.com/2015/05/about-endometriosis-and-infertility-with-gaona-mothers-day-guest-post/|archivedate=2016-03-26}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=55920&dir=2015/november/22|title=Mmegi Online :: Gaona opens up about her life experiences|author=Staff Writer|work=Mmegi Online|accessdate=2021-06-05|archivedate=2018-09-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924045449/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=55920&dir=2015%2Fnovember%2F22}}</ref> Mnamo Desemba 2014, Tlhasana na mumewe walitengana na baadaye kupeana talaka mnamo Septemba 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bw.misa.org/it%E2%80%99s-over|title=Media Institute of Southern Africa|author=Media Institute of Southern Africa}}</ref> == Uanaharakati na Utetezi == Gaona ana zaidi ya miaka, amekuwa mwanaharakati wa Endometriosis na mtetezi. == Tuzo na Utambuzi == Katika utafiti wa hivi karibuni wa BOCRA nchini kote, aliibuka kama mtangazaji maarufu zaidi wa kike katika vituo vyote vya redio vya kibiashara na ni mpokeaji wa [[Tuzo]] za Muziki za BOMU za Tuzo ya Mwandishi Bora wa Elektroniki. <ref name="botswanayouthmagazine1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.botswanayouth.com/gaona-tlhasana-not-your-average-girl-next-door/|title=Gaona Tlhasana-Not Your Average Girl Next Door!|work=Botswana Youth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.botswanayouth.com/gaona-tlhasana-not-your-average-girl-next-door/ "Gaona Tlhasana-Not Your Average Girl Next Door!"]. ''Botswana Youth Magazine''.</cite></ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Botswana]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] sprzt8y7ufqyqrp4w9q5jornhjjh93q 0 146117 1236679 1231300 2022-07-29T16:29:44Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Winky D.jpg|thumb|'''Winky D at the Africa Unplugged concert, Wembley Arena 2012, in London''']] '''Winky D''' (alizaliwa 1 Februari [[1983]]), amezaliwa '''Wallace Chirumiko''' ni msanii wa muziki wa [[reggae]]-dancehall wa [[Zimbabwe]], anayejulikana kama "The Big Man" (iliyowekwa mtindo kama "Di Bigman"), na pia anajulikana kama Dancehall Igwe, Gaffa, Rais wa Ninja, Proffessor. , Extraterrestrial (iliyowekwa mtindo kama ChiExtra) n.k. Mara nyingi anachukuliwa kuwa waanzilishi wa Zimdancehall na mmoja wa wasanii wa muziki wa Zimbabwe waliokamilika zaidi. Alizaliwa Kambuzuma, kitongoji chenye watu wengi katika mji mkuu wa Zimbabwe, Harare. Pia alikuwa mtangazaji wa kipindi cha Rockers Vibes ambacho kilikuwa kipindi cha reggae, pamoja na Trevor Hall. Winky D alikuwa miongoni mwa wasanii walioshirikishwa katika Tamasha la Southern Africa Music Airwaves (SAMA) 2009. == Maisha ya awali == '''Winky D''' alizaliwa Kambuzuma, [[Harare]], Zimbabwe. Alipenda muziki katika hatua ya awali na alianza kusikiliza muziki wa reggae akiwa na umri wa miaka minane. Angetumia wakati kutafuta na kukusanya kanda na rekodi za sauti ili aweze kusikiliza muziki wa reggae. Winky D ana kaka anayeitwa Trevor Chirumiko, anayejulikana kama Layan. Layan pia ni mtayarishaji wa muziki, mwimbaji na mtangazaji.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/Winky_D|title=Winky D Wasifu: Umri, Watoto , Ndugu, Albamu|date=20 Desemba 2021|website=Pindula.co.zw|access-date=8 Januari 2022}}</ref> '''Wallace Chirumiko''' alihudhuria shule ya msingi na sekondari mjini Harare. Alisoma katika Shule ya Msingi ya Rukudzo na baadaye katika Shule ya Upili ya Kambuzuma. Alipokuwa kijana, '''Winky D''' alianza kuigiza kwenye maonyesho madogo na matamasha. Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 16, alitumbuiza katika Getto Lane Clashes, ambavyo vilikuwa vita vya DJ kwa kutambua wenye vipaji na Winky alionekana. Baada ya muda alipewa jina la utani 'Wicked DeeJay', ambalo lilifupishwa kama Winky D. Alipewa jina hilo la utani kwa sababu ujumbe wake wa muziki uliokuwa na nguvu. Maneno yake yalikuwa wazi, yakizungumza kuhusu jeuri na ukosefu wa maadili. Hata hivyo kuanzia 2013, alianza kuimba nyimbo za injili na pia kuwahimiza vijana kuacha kutumia dawa za kulevya.<ref name="auto"/> ==Kazi ya muziki== Kwa usaidizi wa Bartholomew Vera wa studio za Blacklab, Winky D aliingia katika studio ya kurekodi. Nyimbo zake za kwanza, kama vile "Rasta" na "Dead Inna War", pamoja na maonyesho yake ya ustadi, ziliweka sakafu ya densi kuwa na shughuli nyingi. Tangu wakati huo ametoa albamu kumi na moja zilizo na nyimbo nyingi za chati ambazo zimempatia mashabiki kote ulimwenguni, ikithibitishwa na ziara zilizofanikiwa nchini Uingereza, Marekani, Asia na Afrika Kusini. Winky D amekuwa msanii mpya wa muziki wa mjini/reggae wa Zimbabwe na Afrika kwa majina ya utani kama "King of Dancehall", "Gombwe" "Gafa (Gaffer)", Extraterrestrial "The BigMan", "Messi wereggae", na "Truthsayer", kuambatanishwa naye kwenye gheto.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/winkydonline?sk=info|title=Winky D DiBigman|work=Facebook.com|access-date= 2017-02-10}}</ref> Katika nia ya kuwashawishi wanaume wa Zimbabwe [[kutahiriwa|kutahiriwa]],<ref>{{cite news|title=ZIM yaanzisha zoezi la majaribio la Tohara ya Wanaume|url=http://www.nac.org.zw /sites/default/files/MC.pdf|access-date=4 Juni 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223215440/http://www.nac.org.zw/sites /default/files/MC.pdf|archive-date=23 December 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Population Services International na Wizara ya Afya na Ustawi wa Watoto imeanzishwa a Winky D na Albert Nyoni (Vanyoni Beats) yenye mada "Ukijua wewe ni bingwa tohara". Wimbo huu ulizinduliwa [[Harare]] tarehe 19 Januari 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greedysouth.co.zw/2012/01/tukus-phone-call-to-winky -d-bigiman.html|title=Simu ya Tuku kwa Winky D, "Bigiman Pindai Norton!"|first=Godwin|last=Mungwadzi|website=Greedysouth.co.zw|access-date=8 Januari 2022}} </ref> Mnamo Desemba 2010, Winky D, pamoja na Guspy Warrior na Terry Fabulous kutoka gari la Chimurenga huko Zengeza, waliratibiwa kutumbuiza na Capleton katika Mkesha wa Mwaka Mpya. Hata hivyo, baada ya kushindwa kufikia muafaka, nyota huyo wa "Musarova bigman" alijiondoa na kughairi uchezaji wake wote ulioratibiwa kutoka kwa ziara ya Zimbabwe ya Capleton.<ref>{{cite web|title=Winky D ajiondoa kwenye Capleton Zim Tour|url=http: //greedysouth.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/winky-d-withdraws-from-capleton-zim.html|website=Greedysouth.blogspot.com|access-date=30 Mei 2013}}</ref> '''Winky D''' alishindwa kutumbuiza kwenye tamasha la kuapishwa kwa Rais Robert Mugabe lililofanyika Agosti 2013 katika Uwanja wa Taifa wa Michezo, kufuatia kauli tofauti kuhusu aliko mwanamuziki huyo wakati wa hafla hiyo.<ref>{{cite web| title=Winky D katika hali ya kutatanisha isiyo ya kipindi|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2013/08/28/winky-d-in-no-show-dilemma/|website=Newsday.co.zw |tarehe=28 Agosti 2013}}</ref> Mwaka wa 2011, Winky D alicheza kwa mara ya kwanza kwenye tamasha la Monash Beer fest Carnival mjini Johannesburg, Afrika Kusini akitumbuiza pamoja na Black Coffee, Cabo Snoop, Dj Betto, Dj Leks, TshepNOZ na Sipho, Dj Luo, na Kay Mack.<ref>{{cite web|title=Winky D ataanza kwa mara ya kwanza MTVBase katika Tamasha la Bia Fest Invasion!|url=http://greedysouth.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/winky-d-to-make-his-mtvbase-debut- at.html|website=Greedysouth.blogspot.com|access-date=30 Mei 2013}}</ref> ==Migogoro== '''Winky D''' alikuwa na 'beefs' na wasanii maarufu wa dancehall kama vile Madcom na Dadza D. Walipigana huku na huko kwa sauti, ambapo aliibuka kama mshindi alipokuwa njiani kuwa mwigizaji maarufu zaidi wa Zim-dancehall. Winky D, pamoja na The General na Sniper Storm, waliratibiwa kutumbuiza kama maonyesho ya ufunguzi wa Mavado. Winky D alitumbuiza kwanza na kuwafanya Mavado na Sniper Storm kusubiri nyuma ya jukwaa. Juhudi zilifanywa na waandaaji wa onyesho hilo ili kumfanya "Bigman" ashuke jukwaani na kutoa nafasi kwa onyesho la Sniper Storm la dakika kumi, lakini hazikufaulu. Sniper Storm kisha alichukua hatua mikononi mwake na kumpokonya maikrofoni kutoka kwa Winky D. Sniper alichofanya kitendo hicho kilizua hasira huku umati ukirusha vitu kwenye jukwaa. Hili pia lilisababisha mijadala mikali kwenye mtandao na kona za barabara kote Zimbabwe, huku wanamuziki na watumbuizaji mbalimbali walivyoitikia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Both Sides to the Winky Vs Sniper Storm Story: Who is bigger? + Baadhi ya picha za kipekee za kile kilichotokea usiku wa Ijumaa moja. Ndani]|url=http://greedysouth.blogspot.co.uk/2012/01/both-sides-to-winky-vs-sniper-storm.html|website=Greedysouth.blogspot.co.uk|tarehe-ya-ufikiaji =30 Mei 2013}}</ref> Winky D ameona wasanii wengi zaidi wakimpiga risasi ili kupata umaarufu kutoka kwake, jambo ambalo amepuuza. Maarufu zaidi kati ya hawa ni Seh Calaz, ambaye amekuwa na umakini mkubwa na wa kipekee kwa dis zake kwa rais wa ninja, ambaye pia hajajibu bali ametaka amani kati ya wasanii wa zim-dancehall kupitia nyimbo zake (Mafeelings, tiki taka. , sungura like na PaGhetto anazozitaja Seh Calaz) na mahojiano.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greedysouth.co.zw/2010/10/winky-d-discuses-dancehall-beef- royalty.html|title=Winky D anazungumzia Dancehall Beef, Royalty na Igo Figo – mixtape mpya – Greedysouth – Gazeti la Mtandaoni la Zimbabwe la Muziki, Mitindo, Ubunifu, Utamaduni na Sanaa|website=Greedysouth.co.zw}}</ref > ==Uzinduzi wa albamu ya Gombwe na bash ya kuzaliwa== Baada ya miaka mingi kuzindua albamu yake kupitia matukio muhimu ya chini. Mstari wa siku hiyo ulijumuisha Buffalo Souljah, Killer T, Jah Signal, Vabati VaJehova na wengine. Hata hivyo, alikuwa Winky D ambaye alichukua nafasi kubwa na kuangazia uchawi wake wa gombwe la nje kwa mashabiki ambao waliimba pamoja na kucheza saa za asubuhi. Jambo lingine lililovutia zaidi, ni sosholaiti na mfanyabiashara Genius Kadungure kutaka nakala ya kwanza ya albamu hiyo kwa dola 20,000, lakini alilazimika kurekebisha kiwango cha awali baada ya mkali Albert Ndabambi ‘kumzidi’, kwa kuinadi CD hiyo kwa dola 30,000. Ginimbi, kama alivyokuwa akijulikana sana katika ulimwengu wa sosholaiti, alijichimbia zaidi mfukoni akitafuta dola 20,000 nyingine na kuifanya $40,000. Kwa jumla, Timu Winky D iliondoka na $70,000 kwa nakala yake ya kwanza ya ''Gombwe: Chiextra''. Oskid alitayarisha nyimbo 13 kati ya 14 kwenye albamu hiyo isipokuwa "My Woman" (feat. Beenie Man) iliyotayarishwa na Nicky. Uzinduzi huo uliweka historia ya kuwa uzinduzi uliohudhuriwa zaidi na albamu ghali zaidi nchini. Albamu yenyewe, onyesho la usiku huo na uzinduzi ulithibitisha Winky D ndiye msanii bora zaidi nchini Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/winky-d-unleashes-gombwe -in-style/|title=Winky D azindua 'Gombwe' kwa mtindo|work=The Herald|access-date=2018-07-10|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Njoo habari |url=https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2018/02/07/6-000-people-at-winky-d-album-launch|title=6 000+ watu katika uzinduzi wa albamu Winky D |website=Dailynews.co.zw|access-date=2018-07-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2018/02/ gombwe-winky-ds-crucial-moment/|title=Gombwe: Wakati muhimu wa Winky D - NewsDay Zimbabwe|website=Newsday.co.zw|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-10|date=2 Februari 2018}}</ref> ==Diskografia== ===''Vita''=== #"Vita" #"Mkuu Ina Vita" #"Nuh Talk" #"Chukua Kimbia" #"unatoka wapi" # Igo Figo<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blacklabrecords.com/winky_war.html|title=BlackLab Records – Catalog|date=3 Februari 2007|url-status=bot: haijulikani|hifadhi- url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203234534/http://www.blacklabrecords.com/winky_war.html|archive-date=3 Februari 2007|df=dmy-all|accessdate=2022-02-03|archivedate=2007-02-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203234534/http://www.blacklabrecords.com/winky_war.html}}</ref> ===''Mja''=== #"Babeli" #"Vita vya siku zijazo" #"Dem Hakuna Makosa" #"Gheto" # "Usiku" # "Chini Ina Ghetto" #"Kwa Wabenyamini" #"Msichana dem tele" # "Mateso Ghetto" #"Ina giza" #"Fanya maamuzi" # "Hakuna maisha kitandani" #"Napenda hivyo" #"Jinsi unavyojisikia" #"Mchungaji mwizi" # "Je" # "Green Lyk Mi Garden" # "Messi wereggae"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blacklabrecords.com/home/winkyd_album.html|title=BlackLab Records - Reggae kali zaidi ya Zimbabwe, Dancehall, Lebo ya Kurekodi Muziki ya Mjini|website=Blacklabrecords .com|accessdate=2022-02-03|archivedate=2018-09-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903060430/http://www.blacklabrecords.com/home/winkyd_album.html}}</ref> ===''Igofigo - Yasiyofikirika''=== #Malumbano # Mama Mtoto (feat Shayma) # Isu (feat King Shaddy) # Musarova BigMan # Angeenda (feat Layaan & Ngonizee) #Snepi # Tinokurura # Vaudze (feat Stunner) # Buss di Shot (feat Guspy Warrior) # Bingwa Aliyezaliwa<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://winkydonline.com/discography/igofigo/|title=Winkydonline.com|website=Winkydonline.com|access-date=8 Januari 2022}}</ref > ===''PaKitchen''=== #Pajikoni # Taitirana (feat. Ninja Lipsy) # Mabhazuka # Andika Yezvimoko # Mwanamke Anogeza # Bongozozo # Refuri Parudo #Mtazamo wa Kwanza # Ndini mazoezi # Facebook #Gezera # Gerai Ndebvu #Ninja Jumamosi # Musandisunge officer<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/pakitchen/id564341954|title=iTunes - Music - Pakitchen by Winky D|website=Itunes.apple.com} }</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emusic.com/album/winky-d/pakitchen/13699849/|title=Pakua Pakitchen na Winky D - eMusic|website=Emusic. com}}</ref> ===''Maisha Yangu''=== # Maisha Yangu # Mamukasei # Ninja Majira ya joto #Tatovhaya # Mumba maBaba # Tazama Kioo # Munhu weNyama (ft Freeman) # Dira yemaNgoma # Vashakabvu #WhatsApp #Imetengenezwa China #ndiniwe #Mtumiaji Mkubwa # Bhuru Dzvuku # Hubenzi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://winkydonline.com/discography/life-yangu/|title=Winkydonline.com|website=Winkydonline.com|access-date=8 Januari 2022}}</ref> ===''Gafa Life Kickstape''=== #Kutoweka # Not Nice iliyotayarishwa kwa kushirikiana na V.Mberengwa #Kioo # Aliyenusurika (feat. Shinsoman) # Likizo (feat. Guspy Warrior) # Ngoma Futi # Idya Mari #Woshora #Hakimiliki # Gafa Life<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/za/album/gafa-life-kicks-tape/id1077044145|title=iTunes - Muziki - Gafa life by Winky D|tovuti =Itunes.apple.com}}</ref> ===''Gafa Futi''=== #Mwanaume Mwenye Furaha Zaidi # 25 'Twenty Five' iliyotayarishwa kwa kushirikiana na V.Mberengwa # Bhebi RaMwari # Mazishi ya Bob Marley #Baba #Ya nje # Gafa Party (Toi-Toi) #Hongera #Karma # Mwendamberi #Maisha ya Picha # Panorwadza Moyo (feat. [[Oliver Mtukudzi]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/za/album/gafa-futi/id1163364273|title=iTunes - Muziki - Gafa Futi na Winky D|website=Itunes.apple.com}}</ref> ===''Gombwe: Chiextra''=== # Gombwe #Maisha ya Jiji # Finhu Finhu iliyotayarishwa kwa kushirikiana na Vincent Mberengwa #Msimbo wa Barabara kuu #Simba # Nambari ya Kwanza (feat. Haig Park Primary) # Ngirozi (feat. Vabati VaJehova) #Onaiwo # MaRoboti # Bho Yangu # Mimi ni Moto #Dona # Hatiperekedzane iliyotolewa kwa kushirikiana na Vincent Mberengwa # Mwanamke Wangu (feat. Beenie Man)<ref>{{Cite web|website=Itunes.apple.com|title=Gombwe: Chiextra by Winky D|date=2018-02-07|url=https: //itunes.apple.com/us/album/gombwe-chiextra/1346229006|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-10}}</ref> === ''Njema'' === #Amai # Chandelier zinazozalishwa kwa kushirikiana na Vincent Mberengwa #Sekai # Chitekete iliyotayarishwa kwa kushirikiana na Vincent Mberengwa # Siya Hivyo #Ijipita # Njema njema # Ndidye Mari ft Buffalo Soljah # Naye alitayarishwa kwa kushirikiana na Vincent Mberengwa # Bhatiri iliyotayarishwa kwa kushirikiana na Vincent Mberengwa # Murombo # Area 51 zinazozalishwa kwa kushirikiana na Vincent Mberengwa # Mangerengere<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bustop.tv/winky-d-_-njema-album-songs-list/|title=WINKY D _ Orodha ya Nyimbo za Albamu ya Njema|tarehe=2019-12 -26|website=Bustop.tv|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-15}}</ref> ==Tuzo== *Albamu bora zaidi ya Igofigo na Tuzo la People’s Choice - Tuzo za Kitaifa za Ustahili wa Sanaa (NAMA) 2010 *Tuzo ya Muigizaji Bora wa Moja kwa Moja - Tuzo za Zimdancehall 2015 *Tuzo la Chaguo la Watu - Tuzo za Kitaifa za Sifa za Sanaa (NAMA) 2020 *Winky D alishinda "Msanii Bora wa Dancehall" katika 2020 African Entertainment Awards USA.<ref>{{cite news | mwisho = Ncube | kwanza = Audrey L | tarehe = Januari 13, 2021 | title = Msanii wa Zimdancehall Winky D Akabidhi Tuzo ya Kimataifa | url = https://iharare.com/zimdancehall-artist-winky-d-bags-an-international-award/ | work = iHarare}}</ref> *Mtumbuizaji Bora wa Dancehall wa Kiafrika katika Tuzo za Kimataifa za Reggae na Muziki wa Dunia.<ref>{{taja habari | mwisho = Antonio | kwanza = Winstone | tarehe = Mei 18, 2021 | title = Winky d apakia gongo lingine la dunia | url = https://www.newsday.co.zw/2021/05/winky-d-bags-another-global-gong/ | work = Newsday}}</ref> *Albamu Bora 2020 'Njema' - Tuzo za Zimdancehall<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/zimdancehall-awards-2020-all-winners|title=Zimdancehall Awards 2020: Zote washindi|date=29 Machi 2021|website=Musicinafrica.net|access-date=8 Januari 2022}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.winkyd.co.zw/index.html Tovuti rasmi] * [http://www.blacklabrecords.com/home/findartist.html ukurasa wa Msanii] {{Wayback|url=http://www.blacklabrecords.com/home/findartist.html |date=20180831212427 }} katika BlackLab Records * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090904003625/http://www.overtone.co.za/winkyd Mahojiano ya Wasifu na Winky D] na Jonathan Banda, mtayarishaji wa Winky * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928223103/http://www.blacklabrecords.com/home/_extras/videos/rasta_medley.mov Video ya Winky D] – Video ya kwanza ya Winky D * [http://audiozim.com/videos/tag_winkyd/ Winky D kwenye Audiozim] * [http://nehandaradio.com/2010/01/01/winky-d-is-indeed-here-to-stay/ "Winky D ni kweli hapa kukaa"], nehandaradio.com * [https://www.newsday.co.zw/2018/02/winky-d-fills-hicc/ Winky D anajaza HICC. . . Uzinduzi wa albamu unapoishi hadi kutozwa] Winky D anamfuga mnyama * [http://www.sundaymail.co.zw/winky-d-is-well-different/ Winky D ni . . . vizuri . . . tofauti] Winky D msanii bora zaidi Zimbabwe {{DEFAULTSORT:Winky D}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] j87cgu0z5iahyz93c4sbhacm02in0ga 0 147048 1236753 1213397 2022-07-30T04:25:47Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iqbal Baraka''' (alizaliwa [[1942]]) ni [[mwandishi wa habari]], [[Harakati|mwanaharakati]] wa [[haki za wanawake]], na [[mwandishi]] wa [[Misri]]. Alihudumu kama mhariri mkuu wa [[jarida]] la wanawake la ''Hawaa'' kwa zaidi ya miongo miwili. Baraka anajulikana kwa [[kazi]] yake ya kuendeleza nafasi ya wanawake katika [[jamii]] ya [[Misri]] na [[Kiislamu]]. Anachukuliwa kuwa "mmoja wa watetezi wa haki za wanawake wenye ushawishi mkubwa katika ulimwengu wa [[Kiarabu]]."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Ekbal Baraka|url=https://www.arabworldbooks.com/authors/ekbal-baraka|access-date=2020-10-22|website=Arab World Books}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] 8utakapbqzjfd3okjwcmyikb48nm2id 3 147434 1236786 1214426 2022-07-30T06:42:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* ==Tafsiri ya kompyuta== */ mjadala mpya wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' == ==Tafsiri ya kompyuta== == Ndugu, usitegemee mashine za kutafsiria katika kutunga makala. Hazieleweki. Or don't you understand our Swahili language? Amani kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:42, 30 Julai 2022 (UTC) ag1wzvgoa85i9uwuvrwt6h0psc2h4ss 3 147439 1236712 1226617 2022-07-29T21:18:11Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' ==Makala zako== Tafadhali pitilia tena makala ulizoanzisha juzi. Angalia hasa fomati, fuata mwongozo [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo_(Anzisha_makala)]] hasa sehemu '''C) Kuanzisha makala''', pitilia kila kipengele 1-12 ukitambua umesahau nini. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 17:29, 20 Mei 2022 (UTC) ==Kuhusu Makala== Salamu, tazama katika makala hii hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafunzo_ya_kupiga_risasi_(Shukrabenedic) , makala zako zimekuwa na lugha ambayo haieleweki au labda unatumia tafsiri ya kompyuta, pia katika makala hiyo kwenye mabano umeweka jina lako, je makala hiyo ina mahusiano yeyote na jina lako ?, ni heri kupitia makala yako hiyo na kuifanyia marekebisho kabla ya kuendelea na makala nyingine, Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 21:17, 29 Julai 2022 (UTC) tdlhpeijvroae849dx1tdrd1840cizb 1236715 1236712 2022-07-29T21:28:30Z Shukrabenedic 52542 /* Kuhusu Makala */ Reply wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' ==Makala zako== Tafadhali pitilia tena makala ulizoanzisha juzi. Angalia hasa fomati, fuata mwongozo [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo_(Anzisha_makala)]] hasa sehemu '''C) Kuanzisha makala''', pitilia kila kipengele 1-12 ukitambua umesahau nini. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 17:29, 20 Mei 2022 (UTC) ==Kuhusu Makala== Salamu, tazama katika makala hii hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafunzo_ya_kupiga_risasi_(Shukrabenedic) , makala zako zimekuwa na lugha ambayo haieleweki au labda unatumia tafsiri ya kompyuta, pia katika makala hiyo kwenye mabano umeweka jina lako, je makala hiyo ina mahusiano yeyote na jina lako ?, ni heri kupitia makala yako hiyo na kuifanyia marekebisho kabla ya kuendelea na makala nyingine, Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 21:17, 29 Julai 2022 (UTC) :Asante kwa ushauri wako, Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Shukrabenedic|Shukrabenedic]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Shukrabenedic#top|majadiliano]])''' 21:28, 29 Julai 2022 (UTC) 8awnrygpiudeznyww5gvov8u72713dj 1236717 1236715 2022-07-29T22:01:55Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' ==Makala zako== Tafadhali pitilia tena makala ulizoanzisha juzi. Angalia hasa fomati, fuata mwongozo [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo_(Anzisha_makala)]] hasa sehemu '''C) Kuanzisha makala''', pitilia kila kipengele 1-12 ukitambua umesahau nini. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 17:29, 20 Mei 2022 (UTC) ==Kuhusu Makala== Salamu, tazama katika makala hii hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafunzo_ya_kupiga_risasi_(Shukrabenedic) , makala zako zimekuwa na lugha ambayo haieleweki au labda unatumia tafsiri ya kompyuta, pia katika makala hiyo kwenye mabano umeweka jina lako, je makala hiyo ina mahusiano yeyote na jina lako ?, ni heri kupitia makala yako hiyo na kuifanyia marekebisho kabla ya kuendelea na makala nyingine, Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 21:17, 29 Julai 2022 (UTC) :Asante kwa ushauri wako, Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Shukrabenedic|Shukrabenedic]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Shukrabenedic#top|majadiliano]])''' 21:28, 29 Julai 2022 (UTC) {{zuia tafsiri}} kefk7fqcpo6ewmma379obovyj765vni 3 147447 1236684 1236618 2022-07-29T17:01:12Z Why-Fi26 52551 /* Tafsiri */ Reply wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' == Tafsiri == Ndugu, makala zako hazieleweki. Mwiko kutumia mashine kutafsiri bila kusahihisha!!! Amani kwako! --```` '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:03, 29 Julai 2022 (UTC) :Okay, ilikua ni mfano tu kuna watu nilikua na wafundisha '''[[Mtumiaji:Why-Fi26|Why-Fi26]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Why-Fi26#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:01, 29 Julai 2022 (UTC) 5ms8yqvml1cmj6sx8q09nsf7fmf8l0n 1236710 1236684 2022-07-29T20:12:41Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' == Tafsiri == Ndugu, makala zako hazieleweki. Mwiko kutumia mashine kutafsiri bila kusahihisha!!! Amani kwako! --```` '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:03, 29 Julai 2022 (UTC) :Okay, ilikua ni mfano tu kuna watu nilikua na wafundisha '''[[Mtumiaji:Why-Fi26|Why-Fi26]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Why-Fi26#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:01, 29 Julai 2022 (UTC) ==Vyanzo vya Wikipedia ya Kiingereza== Salamu , napenda kukumbusha kwamba, vyanzo vinavyotokana na Wikipedia ya Kiingereza, havifai kabisa kutumika kama marejeo katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili, Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 20:12, 29 Julai 2022 (UTC) f914h8nyzq1b8s50r5xhxym3wlyoj6o 0 148874 1236682 1224110 2022-07-29T16:41:06Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louis Mhlanga''' (aliyezaliwa 10 Novemba 1956) ni msanii wa [[Zimbabwe]] aliyeishi Afrika Kusini, mpiga gitaa na mtayarishaji aliyeshinda tuzo. Mhlanga alijifundisha kucheza gitaa akiwa na umri mdogo na anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa wapiga gitaa bora zaidi [[Kusini mwa Afrika]]. [[Picha:Louis Mhlanga in September 2007.jpg|thumb|221x221px|'''Tamasha la Muziki la Dunia la Madison, Septemba 2007.''']] Kazi ya Mhlanga ilianza miaka ya 1970. Akiwa mbele ya bendi nyingi nchini [[Zimbabwe]], alichanganya ushawishi wa [[Marekani]] na [[Zimbabwe]] katika muziki wake. Mhlanga alifahamika kwa ustadi wake wa kupiga gita, na alifanya kazi na waigizaji wa Zimbabwe kama vile [[Shaka]], Talking Drum, Ilanga, Mudzimu, na [[Oliver Mtukudzi]]. Louis hatimaye alielekea [[Afrika Kusini]] kutafuta fursa mbalimbali za muziki, na hivyo kusababisha ushirikiano na wasanii mashuhuri wa [[Afrika Kusini]] kama vile [[Miriam Makeba]], [[Hugh Masekela]], Ray Phiri, [[Sipho Mabuse]], Mlunhgisi Gegane, na [[Busi Mhlongo]]. ==Kazi ya muziki== Alivutiwa na mwimbaji wa jadi wa wanamuziki wa ndani kama vile [[Thomas Mapfumo]]. Albamu yake ya kwanza ilitolewa na BMG barani Afrika mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990 miaka kumi baada ya kurekodiwa. ''Shamwari'', albamu yake ya kwanza ya kimataifa, ilimtambulisha kama mpiga gita ambaye alichanganya muziki wa pop na jazz wa Afrika.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} Mnamo Aprili 2000, Mhlanga alitoa albamu ya [[Vusi Mahlasela]] ya nne na kuonekana ndani yake. Mnamo 1999, watu wawili wawili waliorekodi moja kwa moja na Mahlasela walitoa albamu ''Vusi na Louis Live at the Bassline''. Alihusika na albamu ya Thandi Klaasen ''Two of a Kind'', ambayo ilianzishwa na mwimbaji wa Uholanzi Stef Bos. Bos alimshirikisha Louis kwenye albamu ''De Onderstroom'', ambayo aliandika kwa pamoja muziki wa wimbo wa kichwa. Mhlanga yuko kwenye albamu ''Place of Hope'', ambayo ina ushirikiano na George Duke, James Ingram, Al Jarreau, na Dianne Reeves. Yeye pia yuko kwenye ''Fire in the Engine Room'' na Andy Narell. Kufuatia ziara yao ya Afrika Kusini, walitoa albamu ''Live in S.A.''{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} Alisomea kozi ya uhandisi wa muziki nchini Uingereza katika miaka ya 80. Hilo lilimpa nafasi ya kufanya kazi na vazi la kimataifa la Scotland, Orange Juice. Aliporejea Zimbabwe alifanya kazi katika studio ya muziki ya Baptist kama mhandisi wa sauti. Mhlanga alirekodi albamu za solo ''Mukai'' na ''Music Ye Africa'' na Jethro Shasha, zote katika Shed Studios mjini Harare. Mnamo 2001, alikusanya Bendi ya Louis Mhlanga na wanamuziki ambao walishawishiwa na jazz. Bendi ilialikwa na SAFM, kituo cha redio cha Afrika Kusini, kutumbuiza katika Tamasha la Kitaifa la Sanaa. Kundi lilitoa albamu ''Shamwari'' (Sheer Sound). Mhlanga ametoa albamu za Thomas Mapfumo, Mnigeria [[King Sunny Adé]], na Vusi Mahalasela wa Afrika Kusini. Mkurugenzi wa zamani wa maigizo, Mhlanga aliendesha Ethnomusicology Trust ya Zimbabwe, ambapo alikuwa msimamizi wa kutengeneza programu za kitaifa za ufundishaji wa kitamaduni na kisasa muziki wa Zimbabwe. Pia alikaa mwaka mmoja huko Uholanzi. Akiwa mwanamuziki anayeishi katika Royal Dutch Conservatory of Music, alifundisha kozi za gitaa za Kiafrika na kurekodi albamu pamoja na mpiga besi Eric van der Westen, mojawapo ikijumuisha pia mpiga gitaa na mwimbaji wa Mali Habib Koité.{{citation needed|date=Oktoba 2017}} ==Diskografia== ''Musik Ye Afrika'' ''Mukai'' ''Live at the Bassline'' akiwa na Vusi Mahlasela ''Shamwari'' ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} * http://jazztimes.com/articles/14822-louis-mhlanga {{Wayback|url=http://jazztimes.com/articles/14822-louis-mhlanga |date=20150402140123 }} ''JazzTimes'' ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070608192043/http://www.embargo.ca/zim/artists/bios/lmhlanga/ Louis Mhlanga] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20071023014222/http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/artist/content.artist/louis_mhlanga_49117 Louis Mhlanga kuhusu Muziki wa Kitaifa wa Kijiografia wa Dunia] {{DEFAULTSORT:Mhlanga, Louis}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] ed3f6kwugwqtpm7c0qm7jeh4qzdhu6w 0 148893 1236681 1222417 2022-07-29T16:37:05Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Siyaya, Musicport 2014 (15580568301).jpg|thumb|'''ni kundi la muziki, densi na ukumbi wa michezo''']] '''Siyaya''' kwa jina maarufu Siyaya Arts ni kikundi cha [[muziki]], kucheza na kuigiza kutoka Makokoba[[Bulawayo|, Bulawayo]], [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe.]] == Asili == '''Siyaya''' ilianzishwa mwaka 1989 na awali ilijulikana kama Nostalgic Actors and Singers Alliance (NASA). ilianzishwa na washiriki 5 wakiongozwa na '''Mike Sobiko'''. washiriki walikuwa wakibadilika mara kwa mara huku wanachama wengi wa zamani wakiendelea na miradi mingine kama hiyo. Safu hiyo sasa ina wajumbe 13 chini ya uongozi wa '''Saimon Mambazo Phiri'''. Katika maadhimisho ya miaka 10 walibadilisha jina lao kuwa Siyaya. == Sikukuu == Siyaya walitumbuiza kwenye sikukuu mbalimbali kwenye [[Bara la Afrika|bara la Afika]], [[bara la Ulaya]] kwamfano sikukuu za [[uingereza]] kama WOMAD, Live 8 na Glastonbury. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] 8h0wtz7ryymzcdddn78pt34bsgn8vsb 1236693 1236681 2022-07-29T19:35:17Z Benix Mby 36425 Maboresho na viungo wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Siyaya, Musicport 2014 (15580568301).jpg|thumb|Siyaya wakiwa stejini.]] '''Siyaya''' kwa jina maarufu '''''Siyaya Arts''''' ni kikundi cha [[muziki]], kucheza na kuigiza kutoka Makokoba[[Bulawayo|, Bulawayo]], [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe.]]Kundi hili limefanya ziara nyingi barani Ulaya na Afrika na kujipatia sifa nzuri hasa kwa kugusa masuala ya kijamii katika muziki wake. == Asili == Siyaya ilianzishwa mwaka wa 1989 na awali ilijulikana kama Nostalgic Actors and Singers Alliance (NASA). Ilianzishwa na wanachama 5 wakiongozwa na Mike Sobiko. Kuanzishwa kwake kulichangiwa na hadithi za kitamaduni, muziki na densi zinahusiana na jiji la Bulawayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/siyaya-arts|work=Music In Africa|date=2015-07-06|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> Wanachama wamekuwa wakibadilika mara kwa mara huku wanachama wengi wa zamani wakiendelea na miradi mingine kama hiyo. Safu hiyo sasa ina wajumbe 13 chini ya uongozi wa Saimon Mambazo Phiri. Katika maadhimisho ya miaka 10 walibadilisha jina lao kuwa Siyaya (jina la [[Kindebele]] lenye maana ya "on the move" kwa kiingereza).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Artist Profiles: Siyaya {{!}} World Music Central|url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/2016/12/19/artist-profiles-siyaya/|date=2016-12-19|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US}}</ref> == Matamasha == Siyaya wametumbuiza kote barani [[Afrika]] na [[Ulaya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya's Zimbabwean rhythms get the masses moving at Womad UK|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/move-to/south-africans-abroad/siyayas-zimbabwean-rhythms-get-the-masses-moving-at-womad/|work=The South African|date=2014-07-29|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Baadhi ya matamasha waliyohudhulia tangu 1993 ni pamoja na Aberdeen International Youth Festival ([[Uskoti]]), Towersey Festival ([[Uingereza]]), Glastonbury Festival (Uingereza), Pontardawe Festival ([[Welisi]]), Waterford Spraoi ([[Eire]]), WOMAD Reading Festival (Uingereza), Malopo Tamasha ([[Pretoria]], [[Afrika Kusini]]), Edinburgh International Fringe Festival (Uskoti), Market Theatre Community Theatre Festival (Afrika Kusini), Ross On Wye International Festival ([[Welisi]]), Scena Church & Theater Festival ([[Hannover|Hanover]] [[Ujerumani]]), Panafest Historic Theatre Festival ([[Cape Coast]], [[Ghana]]), Streets Ahead Festival Manchester (Uingereza), Sidmouth International Folk Festival (Uingereza), Earagail Arts Festival (Eire) na mengine mengi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/Siyaya_Arts|work=Pindula|date=2020-06-25|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> ==Diskografia== *Yebo! Yes! (2000) *Kokoba Town (2002) *Futhi Njalo (2009) *Zambezi Express (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts releases fourth album|url=https://victoriafalls24.com/blog/2014/08/25/siyaya-arts-releases-fourth-album/|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US|author=About the Author Editor Twitter Facebook Email}}</ref> == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218213020/http://siyaya-arts.com/ Tovuti rasmi ya Siyaya] {{Commons category|Siyaya}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] 9sx9hajdh7699cc13g04dkcutj3v980 1236694 1236693 2022-07-29T19:51:00Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Siyaya, Musicport 2014 (15580568301).jpg|thumb|Siyaya wakiwa stejini.]] '''Siyaya''' kwa jina maarufu '''''Siyaya Arts''''' ni kikundi cha [[muziki]], kucheza na kuigiza kutoka Makokoba[[Bulawayo|, Bulawayo]], [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe.]]Kundi hili limefanya ziara nyingi barani Ulaya na Afrika na kujipatia sifa nzuri hasa kwa kugusa masuala ya kijamii katika muziki wake. == Asili == Siyaya ilianzishwa mwaka wa 1989 na awali ilijulikana kama Nostalgic Actors and Singers Alliance (NASA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya 25 years in arts|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/siyaya-25-years-in-arts/|work=The Chronicle|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-GB|author=The Chronicle}}</ref> Ilianzishwa na wanachama 5 wakiongozwa na Mike Sobiko. Kuanzishwa kwake kulichangiwa na hadithi za kitamaduni, muziki na densi zinahusiana na jiji la Bulawayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/siyaya-arts|work=Music In Africa|date=2015-07-06|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> Wanachama wamekuwa wakibadilika mara kwa mara huku wanachama wengi wa zamani wakiendelea na miradi mingine kama hiyo. Safu hiyo sasa ina wajumbe 13 chini ya uongozi wa Saimon Mambazo Phiri. Katika maadhimisho ya miaka 10 walibadilisha jina lao kuwa Siyaya (jina la [[Kindebele]] lenye maana ya "on the move" kwa kiingereza).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Artist Profiles: Siyaya {{!}} World Music Central|url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/2016/12/19/artist-profiles-siyaya/|date=2016-12-19|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US}}</ref> == Matamasha == Siyaya wametumbuiza kote barani [[Afrika]] na [[Ulaya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya's Zimbabwean rhythms get the masses moving at Womad UK|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/move-to/south-africans-abroad/siyayas-zimbabwean-rhythms-get-the-masses-moving-at-womad/|work=The South African|date=2014-07-29|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Baadhi ya matamasha waliyohudhulia tangu 1993 ni pamoja na Aberdeen International Youth Festival ([[Uskoti]]), Towersey Festival ([[Uingereza]]), Glastonbury Festival (Uingereza), Pontardawe Festival ([[Welisi]]), Waterford Spraoi ([[Eire]]), WOMAD Reading Festival (Uingereza), Malopo Tamasha ([[Pretoria]], [[Afrika Kusini]]), Edinburgh International Fringe Festival (Uskoti), Market Theatre Community Theatre Festival (Afrika Kusini), Ross On Wye International Festival ([[Welisi]]), Scena Church & Theater Festival ([[Hannover|Hanover]] [[Ujerumani]]), Panafest Historic Theatre Festival ([[Cape Coast]], [[Ghana]]), Streets Ahead Festival Manchester (Uingereza), Sidmouth International Folk Festival (Uingereza), Earagail Arts Festival (Eire) na mengine mengi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/Siyaya_Arts|work=Pindula|date=2020-06-25|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> ==Diskografia== *Yebo! Yes! (2000) *Kokoba Town (2002) *Futhi Njalo (2009) *Zambezi Express (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts releases fourth album|url=https://victoriafalls24.com/blog/2014/08/25/siyaya-arts-releases-fourth-album/|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US|author=About the Author Editor Twitter Facebook Email}}</ref> == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218213020/http://siyaya-arts.com/ Tovuti rasmi ya Siyaya] {{Commons category|Siyaya}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] k5z12j5gczc5iy5qc6ixc60gdvy45i3 1236695 1236694 2022-07-29T19:54:09Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Siyaya, Musicport 2014 (15580568301).jpg|thumb|Siyaya wakiwa stejini.]] '''Siyaya''' kwa jina maarufu '''''Siyaya Arts''''' ni kikundi cha [[muziki]], kucheza na kuigiza kutoka Makokoba[[Bulawayo|, Bulawayo]], [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe.]]Kundi hili limefanya ziara nyingi barani Ulaya na Afrika na kujipatia sifa nzuri hasa kwa kugusa masuala ya kijamii katika muziki wake. == Asili == Siyaya ilianzishwa mwaka wa 1989 na awali ilijulikana kama Nostalgic Actors and Singers Alliance (NASA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya 25 years in arts|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/siyaya-25-years-in-arts/|work=The Chronicle|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-GB|author=The Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts collabos with Hawaiian trio|url=https://www.sundaynews.co.zw/siyaya-arts-collabos-with-hawaiian-trio/|work=The Sunday News|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-GB|author=The Sunday News}}</ref> Ilianzishwa na wanachama 5 wakiongozwa na Mike Sobiko. Kuanzishwa kwake kulichangiwa na hadithi za kitamaduni, muziki na densi zinahusiana na jiji la Bulawayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/siyaya-arts|work=Music In Africa|date=2015-07-06|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> Wanachama wamekuwa wakibadilika mara kwa mara huku wanachama wengi wa zamani wakiendelea na miradi mingine kama hiyo. Safu hiyo sasa ina wajumbe 13 chini ya uongozi wa Saimon Mambazo Phiri. Katika maadhimisho ya miaka 10 walibadilisha jina lao kuwa Siyaya (jina la [[Kindebele]] lenye maana ya "on the move" kwa kiingereza).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Artist Profiles: Siyaya {{!}} World Music Central|url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/2016/12/19/artist-profiles-siyaya/|date=2016-12-19|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US}}</ref> == Matamasha == Siyaya wametumbuiza kote barani [[Afrika]] na [[Ulaya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya's Zimbabwean rhythms get the masses moving at Womad UK|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/move-to/south-africans-abroad/siyayas-zimbabwean-rhythms-get-the-masses-moving-at-womad/|work=The South African|date=2014-07-29|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Baadhi ya matamasha waliyohudhulia tangu 1993 ni pamoja na Aberdeen International Youth Festival ([[Uskoti]]), Towersey Festival ([[Uingereza]]), Glastonbury Festival (Uingereza), Pontardawe Festival ([[Welisi]]), Waterford Spraoi ([[Eire]]), WOMAD Reading Festival (Uingereza), Malopo Tamasha ([[Pretoria]], [[Afrika Kusini]]), Edinburgh International Fringe Festival (Uskoti), Market Theatre Community Theatre Festival (Afrika Kusini), Ross On Wye International Festival ([[Welisi]]), Scena Church & Theater Festival ([[Hannover|Hanover]] [[Ujerumani]]), Panafest Historic Theatre Festival ([[Cape Coast]], [[Ghana]]), Streets Ahead Festival Manchester (Uingereza), Sidmouth International Folk Festival (Uingereza), Earagail Arts Festival (Eire) na mengine mengi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/Siyaya_Arts|work=Pindula|date=2020-06-25|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> ==Diskografia== *Yebo! Yes! (2000) *Kokoba Town (2002) *Futhi Njalo (2009) *Zambezi Express (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts releases fourth album|url=https://victoriafalls24.com/blog/2014/08/25/siyaya-arts-releases-fourth-album/|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US|author=About the Author Editor Twitter Facebook Email}}</ref> == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218213020/http://siyaya-arts.com/ Tovuti rasmi ya Siyaya] {{Commons category|Siyaya}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] 2r8vlb3hgcxv2lm5yttcl7o3qnucue6 1236696 1236695 2022-07-29T19:55:28Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Siyaya, Musicport 2014 (15580568301).jpg|thumb|Siyaya wakiwa stejini.]] '''''Siyaya''''' kwa jina maarufu '''Siyaya Arts''' ni kikundi cha [[muziki]], kucheza na kuigiza kutoka Makokoba[[Bulawayo|, Bulawayo]], [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe.]]Kundi hili limefanya ziara nyingi barani Ulaya na Afrika na kujipatia sifa nzuri hasa kwa kugusa masuala ya kijamii katika muziki wake. == Asili == Siyaya ilianzishwa mwaka wa 1989 na awali ilijulikana kama Nostalgic Actors and Singers Alliance (NASA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya 25 years in arts|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/siyaya-25-years-in-arts/|work=The Chronicle|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-GB|author=The Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts collabos with Hawaiian trio|url=https://www.sundaynews.co.zw/siyaya-arts-collabos-with-hawaiian-trio/|work=The Sunday News|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-GB|author=The Sunday News}}</ref> Ilianzishwa na wanachama 5 wakiongozwa na Mike Sobiko. Kuanzishwa kwake kulichangiwa na hadithi za kitamaduni, muziki na densi zinahusiana na jiji la Bulawayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/siyaya-arts|work=Music In Africa|date=2015-07-06|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> Wanachama wamekuwa wakibadilika mara kwa mara huku wanachama wengi wa zamani wakiendelea na miradi mingine kama hiyo. Safu hiyo sasa ina wajumbe 13 chini ya uongozi wa Saimon Mambazo Phiri. Katika maadhimisho ya miaka 10 walibadilisha jina lao kuwa Siyaya (jina la [[Kindebele]] lenye maana ya "on the move" kwa kiingereza).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Artist Profiles: Siyaya {{!}} World Music Central|url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/2016/12/19/artist-profiles-siyaya/|date=2016-12-19|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US}}</ref> == Matamasha == Siyaya wametumbuiza kote barani [[Afrika]] na [[Ulaya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya's Zimbabwean rhythms get the masses moving at Womad UK|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/move-to/south-africans-abroad/siyayas-zimbabwean-rhythms-get-the-masses-moving-at-womad/|work=The South African|date=2014-07-29|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Baadhi ya matamasha waliyohudhulia tangu 1993 ni pamoja na Aberdeen International Youth Festival ([[Uskoti]]), Towersey Festival ([[Uingereza]]), Glastonbury Festival (Uingereza), Pontardawe Festival ([[Welisi]]), Waterford Spraoi ([[Eire]]), WOMAD Reading Festival (Uingereza), Malopo Tamasha ([[Pretoria]], [[Afrika Kusini]]), Edinburgh International Fringe Festival (Uskoti), Market Theatre Community Theatre Festival (Afrika Kusini), Ross On Wye International Festival ([[Welisi]]), Scena Church & Theater Festival ([[Hannover|Hanover]] [[Ujerumani]]), Panafest Historic Theatre Festival ([[Cape Coast]], [[Ghana]]), Streets Ahead Festival Manchester (Uingereza), Sidmouth International Folk Festival (Uingereza), Earagail Arts Festival (Eire) na mengine mengi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/Siyaya_Arts|work=Pindula|date=2020-06-25|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> ==Diskografia== *Yebo! Yes! (2000) *Kokoba Town (2002) *Futhi Njalo (2009) *Zambezi Express (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts releases fourth album|url=https://victoriafalls24.com/blog/2014/08/25/siyaya-arts-releases-fourth-album/|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US|author=About the Author Editor Twitter Facebook Email}}</ref> == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218213020/http://siyaya-arts.com/ Tovuti rasmi ya Siyaya] {{Commons category|Siyaya}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] setx6ueei7rm3sdoy64zfpd5fhu7ozx 1236697 1236696 2022-07-29T19:57:14Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Siyaya, Musicport 2014 (15580568301).jpg|thumb|Siyaya wakiwa stejini.]] '''''Siyaya''''' kwa jina maarufu '''Siyaya Arts''' ni kikundi cha [[muziki]], kucheza na kuigiza kutoka Makokoba[[Bulawayo|, Bulawayo]], [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe.]]Kundi hili limefanya ziara nyingi barani Ulaya na Afrika na kujipatia sifa nzuri hasa kwa kugusa masuala ya kijamii katika muziki wake. == Asili == Siyaya ilianzishwa mwaka wa 1989 na awali ilijulikana kama Nostalgic Actors and Singers Alliance (NASA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya 25 years in arts|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/siyaya-25-years-in-arts/|work=The Chronicle|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-GB|author=The Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts collabos with Hawaiian trio|url=https://www.sundaynews.co.zw/siyaya-arts-collabos-with-hawaiian-trio/|work=The Sunday News|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-GB|author=The Sunday News}}</ref> Ilianzishwa na wanachama 5 wakiongozwa na Mike Sobiko. Kuanzishwa kwake kulichangiwa na hadithi za kitamaduni, muziki na densi zinahusiana na jiji la Bulawayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/siyaya-arts|work=Music In Africa|date=2015-07-06|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> Wanachama wamekuwa wakibadilika mara kwa mara huku wanachama wengi wa zamani wakiendelea na miradi mingine kama hiyo. Safu hiyo sasa ina wajumbe 13 chini ya uongozi wa Saimon Mambazo Phiri. Katika maadhimisho ya miaka 10 walibadilisha jina lao kuwa Siyaya (jina la [[Kindebele]] lenye maana ya "on the move" kwa kiingereza).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Artist Profiles: Siyaya {{!}} World Music Central|url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/2016/12/19/artist-profiles-siyaya/|date=2016-12-19|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US}}</ref> == Matamasha == Siyaya wametumbuiza kote barani [[Afrika]] na [[Ulaya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya's Zimbabwean rhythms get the masses moving at Womad UK|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/move-to/south-africans-abroad/siyayas-zimbabwean-rhythms-get-the-masses-moving-at-womad/|work=The South African|date=2014-07-29|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Baadhi ya matamasha waliyohudhulia tangu 1993 ni pamoja na Aberdeen International Youth Festival ([[Uskoti]]), Towersey Festival ([[Uingereza]]), Glastonbury Festival (Uingereza), Pontardawe Festival ([[Welisi]]), Waterford Spraoi ([[Eire]]), WOMAD Reading Festival (Uingereza), Malopo Tamasha ([[Pretoria]], [[Afrika Kusini]]), Edinburgh International Fringe Festival (Uskoti), Market Theatre Community Theatre Festival (Afrika Kusini), Ross On Wye International Festival ([[Welisi]]), Scena Church & Theater Festival ([[Hannover|Hanover]] [[Ujerumani]]), Panafest Historic Theatre Festival ([[Cape Coast]], [[Ghana]]), Streets Ahead Festival Manchester (Uingereza), Sidmouth International Folk Festival (Uingereza), Earagail Arts Festival (Eire) na mengine mengi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/Siyaya_Arts|work=Pindula|date=2020-06-25|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> ==Tuzo== Kikundi kilipokea Tuzo za MTN: UK (Musical Theatre Matters) 2010, Tuzo la Hiari la Waamuzi, katika Tamasha la Edinburgh la tuzo ya Zambezi Express. Kikundi cha densi cha ukumbi wa michezo kimebobea katika dansi, ukumbi wa michezo na pia kutekeleza Tamasha la Kimataifa la Ibumba. [1] Ulikuwa ni usiku wa kukumbukwa kwa kikundi cha ngoma na maigizo cha Siyaya Arts cha Bulawayo tarehe 19 Februari 2011 walipotawala kitengo cha dansi na kunyakua tuzo mbili; Mcheza Dansi Bora wa Kiume(Makhula Moyo) na Kikundi Bora cha Ngoma katika toleo la 10 la Tuzo za Kitaifa za Sifa za Sanaa (NAMA) zilizofanyika mwishoni mwa wiki.[2] ==Diskografia== *Yebo! Yes! (2000) *Kokoba Town (2002) *Futhi Njalo (2009) *Zambezi Express (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts releases fourth album|url=https://victoriafalls24.com/blog/2014/08/25/siyaya-arts-releases-fourth-album/|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US|author=About the Author Editor Twitter Facebook Email}}</ref> == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218213020/http://siyaya-arts.com/ Tovuti rasmi ya Siyaya] {{Commons category|Siyaya}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] rzb7hnm8d8k4i0ki7odxkycz3w7jgg0 1236698 1236697 2022-07-29T20:01:18Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Siyaya, Musicport 2014 (15580568301).jpg|thumb|Siyaya wakiwa stejini.]] '''''Siyaya''''' kwa jina maarufu '''Siyaya Arts''' ni kikundi cha [[muziki]], kucheza na kuigiza kutoka Makokoba[[Bulawayo|, Bulawayo]], [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe.]]Kundi hili limefanya ziara nyingi barani Ulaya na Afrika na kujipatia sifa nzuri hasa kwa kugusa masuala ya kijamii katika muziki wake. == Asili == Siyaya ilianzishwa mwaka wa 1989 na awali ilijulikana kama Nostalgic Actors and Singers Alliance (NASA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya 25 years in arts|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/siyaya-25-years-in-arts/|work=The Chronicle|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-GB|author=The Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts collabos with Hawaiian trio|url=https://www.sundaynews.co.zw/siyaya-arts-collabos-with-hawaiian-trio/|work=The Sunday News|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-GB|author=The Sunday News}}</ref> Ilianzishwa na wanachama 5 wakiongozwa na Mike Sobiko. Kuanzishwa kwake kulichangiwa na hadithi za kitamaduni, muziki na densi zinahusiana na jiji la Bulawayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/siyaya-arts|work=Music In Africa|date=2015-07-06|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> Wanachama wamekuwa wakibadilika mara kwa mara huku wanachama wengi wa zamani wakiendelea na miradi mingine kama hiyo. Safu hiyo sasa ina wajumbe 13 chini ya uongozi wa Saimon Mambazo Phiri. Katika maadhimisho ya miaka 10 walibadilisha jina lao kuwa Siyaya (jina la [[Kindebele]] lenye maana ya "on the move" kwa kiingereza).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Artist Profiles: Siyaya {{!}} World Music Central|url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/2016/12/19/artist-profiles-siyaya/|date=2016-12-19|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US}}</ref> == Matamasha == Siyaya wametumbuiza kote barani [[Afrika]] na [[Ulaya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya's Zimbabwean rhythms get the masses moving at Womad UK|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/move-to/south-africans-abroad/siyayas-zimbabwean-rhythms-get-the-masses-moving-at-womad/|work=The South African|date=2014-07-29|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Baadhi ya matamasha waliyohudhulia tangu 1993 ni pamoja na Aberdeen International Youth Festival ([[Uskoti]]), Towersey Festival ([[Uingereza]]), Glastonbury Festival (Uingereza), Pontardawe Festival ([[Welisi]]), Waterford Spraoi ([[Eire]]), WOMAD Reading Festival (Uingereza), Malopo Tamasha ([[Pretoria]], [[Afrika Kusini]]), Edinburgh International Fringe Festival (Uskoti), Market Theatre Community Theatre Festival (Afrika Kusini), Ross On Wye International Festival ([[Welisi]]), Scena Church & Theater Festival ([[Hannover|Hanover]] [[Ujerumani]]), Panafest Historic Theatre Festival ([[Cape Coast]], [[Ghana]]), Streets Ahead Festival Manchester (Uingereza), Sidmouth International Folk Festival (Uingereza), Earagail Arts Festival (Eire) na mengine mengi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/Siyaya_Arts|work=Pindula|date=2020-06-25|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> ==Diskografia== *Yebo! Yes! (2000) *Kokoba Town (2002) *Futhi Njalo (2009) *Zambezi Express (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts releases fourth album|url=https://victoriafalls24.com/blog/2014/08/25/siyaya-arts-releases-fourth-album/|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US|author=About the Author Editor Twitter Facebook Email}}</ref> == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218213020/http://siyaya-arts.com/ Tovuti rasmi ya Siyaya] {{Commons category|Siyaya}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] setx6ueei7rm3sdoy64zfpd5fhu7ozx 1236701 1236698 2022-07-29T20:03:07Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Siyaya, Musicport 2014 (15580568301).jpg|thumb|Siyaya wakiwa stejini.]] '''''Siyaya''''' kwa jina maarufu '''Siyaya Arts''' ni kikundi cha [[muziki]], kucheza na kuigiza kutoka Makokoba[[Bulawayo|, Bulawayo]], [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe.]] == Asili == Siyaya ilianzishwa mwaka wa 1989 na awali ilijulikana kama Nostalgic Actors and Singers Alliance (NASA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya 25 years in arts|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/siyaya-25-years-in-arts/|work=The Chronicle|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-GB|author=The Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts collabos with Hawaiian trio|url=https://www.sundaynews.co.zw/siyaya-arts-collabos-with-hawaiian-trio/|work=The Sunday News|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-GB|author=The Sunday News}}</ref> Ilianzishwa na wanachama 5 wakiongozwa na Mike Sobiko. Kuanzishwa kwake kulichangiwa na hadithi za kitamaduni, muziki na densi zinahusiana na jiji la Bulawayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/siyaya-arts|work=Music In Africa|date=2015-07-06|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> Wanachama wamekuwa wakibadilika mara kwa mara huku wanachama wengi wa zamani wakiendelea na miradi mingine kama hiyo. Safu hiyo sasa ina wajumbe 13 chini ya uongozi wa Saimon Mambazo Phiri. Katika maadhimisho ya miaka 10 walibadilisha jina lao kuwa Siyaya (jina la [[Kindebele]] lenye maana ya "on the move" kwa kiingereza).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Artist Profiles: Siyaya {{!}} World Music Central|url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/2016/12/19/artist-profiles-siyaya/|date=2016-12-19|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US}}</ref> == Matamasha == Siyaya wametumbuiza kote barani [[Afrika]] na [[Ulaya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya's Zimbabwean rhythms get the masses moving at Womad UK|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/move-to/south-africans-abroad/siyayas-zimbabwean-rhythms-get-the-masses-moving-at-womad/|work=The South African|date=2014-07-29|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Baadhi ya matamasha waliyohudhulia tangu 1993 ni pamoja na Aberdeen International Youth Festival ([[Uskoti]]), Towersey Festival ([[Uingereza]]), Glastonbury Festival (Uingereza), Pontardawe Festival ([[Welisi]]), Waterford Spraoi ([[Eire]]), WOMAD Reading Festival (Uingereza), Malopo Tamasha ([[Pretoria]], [[Afrika Kusini]]), Edinburgh International Fringe Festival (Uskoti), Market Theatre Community Theatre Festival (Afrika Kusini), Ross On Wye International Festival ([[Welisi]]), Scena Church & Theater Festival ([[Hannover|Hanover]] [[Ujerumani]]), Panafest Historic Theatre Festival ([[Cape Coast]], [[Ghana]]), Streets Ahead Festival Manchester (Uingereza), Sidmouth International Folk Festival (Uingereza), Earagail Arts Festival (Eire) na mengine mengi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/Siyaya_Arts|work=Pindula|date=2020-06-25|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> ==Diskografia== *Yebo! Yes! (2000) *Kokoba Town (2002) *Futhi Njalo (2009) *Zambezi Express (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts releases fourth album|url=https://victoriafalls24.com/blog/2014/08/25/siyaya-arts-releases-fourth-album/|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US|author=About the Author Editor Twitter Facebook Email}}</ref> == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218213020/http://siyaya-arts.com/ Tovuti rasmi ya Siyaya] {{Commons category|Siyaya}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] tlfmm3vslo59c27e5abk7q46crcbj8x 1236702 1236701 2022-07-29T20:03:33Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Asili */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Siyaya, Musicport 2014 (15580568301).jpg|thumb|Siyaya wakiwa stejini.]] '''''Siyaya''''' kwa jina maarufu '''Siyaya Arts''' ni kikundi cha [[muziki]], kucheza na kuigiza kutoka Makokoba[[Bulawayo|, Bulawayo]], [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe.]] == Asili == Siyaya ilianzishwa mwaka wa 1989 na awali ilijulikana kama Nostalgic Actors and Singers Alliance (NASA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya 25 years in arts|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/siyaya-25-years-in-arts/|work=The Chronicle|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-GB|author=The Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts collabos with Hawaiian trio|url=https://www.sundaynews.co.zw/siyaya-arts-collabos-with-hawaiian-trio/|work=The Sunday News|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-GB|author=The Sunday News}}</ref> Ilianzishwa na wanachama 5 wakiongozwa na Mike Sobiko. Kuanzishwa kwake kulichangiwa na hadithi za kitamaduni, muziki na densi zinahusiana na jiji la Bulawayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/siyaya-arts|work=Music In Africa|date=2015-07-06|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> Wanachama wamekuwa wakibadilika mara kwa mara huku wanachama wengi wa zamani wakiendelea na miradi mingine kama hiyo. Safu hiyo sasa ina wajumbe 13 chini ya uongozi wa Saimon Mambazo Phiri. Katika maadhimisho ya miaka 10 walibadilisha jina lao kuwa Siyaya (jina la [[Kindebele]] lenye maana ya "on the move" kwa kiingereza).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Artist Profiles: Siyaya {{!}} World Music Central|url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/2016/12/19/artist-profiles-siyaya/|date=2016-12-19|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US}}</ref> Kundi hili limefanya ziara nyingi barani Ulaya na Afrika na kujipatia sifa nzuri hasa kwa kugusa masuala ya kijamii katika muziki wake. == Matamasha == Siyaya wametumbuiza kote barani [[Afrika]] na [[Ulaya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya's Zimbabwean rhythms get the masses moving at Womad UK|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/move-to/south-africans-abroad/siyayas-zimbabwean-rhythms-get-the-masses-moving-at-womad/|work=The South African|date=2014-07-29|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Baadhi ya matamasha waliyohudhulia tangu 1993 ni pamoja na Aberdeen International Youth Festival ([[Uskoti]]), Towersey Festival ([[Uingereza]]), Glastonbury Festival (Uingereza), Pontardawe Festival ([[Welisi]]), Waterford Spraoi ([[Eire]]), WOMAD Reading Festival (Uingereza), Malopo Tamasha ([[Pretoria]], [[Afrika Kusini]]), Edinburgh International Fringe Festival (Uskoti), Market Theatre Community Theatre Festival (Afrika Kusini), Ross On Wye International Festival ([[Welisi]]), Scena Church & Theater Festival ([[Hannover|Hanover]] [[Ujerumani]]), Panafest Historic Theatre Festival ([[Cape Coast]], [[Ghana]]), Streets Ahead Festival Manchester (Uingereza), Sidmouth International Folk Festival (Uingereza), Earagail Arts Festival (Eire) na mengine mengi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/Siyaya_Arts|work=Pindula|date=2020-06-25|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> ==Diskografia== *Yebo! Yes! (2000) *Kokoba Town (2002) *Futhi Njalo (2009) *Zambezi Express (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts releases fourth album|url=https://victoriafalls24.com/blog/2014/08/25/siyaya-arts-releases-fourth-album/|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US|author=About the Author Editor Twitter Facebook Email}}</ref> == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218213020/http://siyaya-arts.com/ Tovuti rasmi ya Siyaya] {{Commons category|Siyaya}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] rwz77gnxzbpgeiy1cstenc29ww534ss 1236703 1236702 2022-07-29T20:05:12Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Asili */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Siyaya, Musicport 2014 (15580568301).jpg|thumb|Siyaya wakiwa stejini.]] '''''Siyaya''''' kwa jina maarufu '''Siyaya Arts''' ni kikundi cha [[muziki]], kucheza na kuigiza kutoka Makokoba[[Bulawayo|, Bulawayo]], [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe.]] == Asili == Siyaya ilianzishwa mwaka wa 1989 na awali ilijulikana kama Nostalgic Actors and Singers Alliance (NASA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya 25 years in arts|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/siyaya-25-years-in-arts/|work=The Chronicle|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-GB|author=The Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts collabos with Hawaiian trio|url=https://www.sundaynews.co.zw/siyaya-arts-collabos-with-hawaiian-trio/|work=The Sunday News|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-GB|author=The Sunday News}}</ref> Ilianzishwa na wanachama 5 wakiongozwa na Mike Sobiko. Kuanzishwa kwake kulichangiwa na hadithi za kitamaduni, muziki na densi zinahusiana na jiji la Bulawayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/siyaya-arts|work=Music In Africa|date=2015-07-06|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> Wanachama wamekuwa wakibadilika mara kwa mara huku wanachama wengi wa zamani wakiendelea na miradi mingine kama hiyo. Safu hiyo sasa ina wanachama 13 chini ya uongozi wa Saimon Mambazo Phiri. Katika maadhimisho ya miaka 10 walibadilisha jina lao kuwa Siyaya (jina la [[Kindebele]] lenye maana ya "on the move" kwa kiingereza).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Artist Profiles: Siyaya {{!}} World Music Central|url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/2016/12/19/artist-profiles-siyaya/|date=2016-12-19|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US}}</ref> Kundi hili limefanya ziara nyingi barani Ulaya na Afrika na kujipatia sifa nzuri hasa kwa kugusa masuala ya kijamii katika muziki wake. == Matamasha == Siyaya wametumbuiza kote barani [[Afrika]] na [[Ulaya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya's Zimbabwean rhythms get the masses moving at Womad UK|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/move-to/south-africans-abroad/siyayas-zimbabwean-rhythms-get-the-masses-moving-at-womad/|work=The South African|date=2014-07-29|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Baadhi ya matamasha waliyohudhulia tangu 1993 ni pamoja na Aberdeen International Youth Festival ([[Uskoti]]), Towersey Festival ([[Uingereza]]), Glastonbury Festival (Uingereza), Pontardawe Festival ([[Welisi]]), Waterford Spraoi ([[Eire]]), WOMAD Reading Festival (Uingereza), Malopo Tamasha ([[Pretoria]], [[Afrika Kusini]]), Edinburgh International Fringe Festival (Uskoti), Market Theatre Community Theatre Festival (Afrika Kusini), Ross On Wye International Festival ([[Welisi]]), Scena Church & Theater Festival ([[Hannover|Hanover]] [[Ujerumani]]), Panafest Historic Theatre Festival ([[Cape Coast]], [[Ghana]]), Streets Ahead Festival Manchester (Uingereza), Sidmouth International Folk Festival (Uingereza), Earagail Arts Festival (Eire) na mengine mengi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/Siyaya_Arts|work=Pindula|date=2020-06-25|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> ==Diskografia== *Yebo! Yes! (2000) *Kokoba Town (2002) *Futhi Njalo (2009) *Zambezi Express (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts releases fourth album|url=https://victoriafalls24.com/blog/2014/08/25/siyaya-arts-releases-fourth-album/|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US|author=About the Author Editor Twitter Facebook Email}}</ref> == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218213020/http://siyaya-arts.com/ Tovuti rasmi ya Siyaya] {{Commons category|Siyaya}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] m7joj0osm15s8cs48727lwq46wibu0e 1236708 1236703 2022-07-29T20:08:52Z Benix Mby 36425 Sasisho wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Siyaya, Musicport 2014 (15580568301).jpg|thumb|Siyaya wakiwa stejini.]] '''''Siyaya''''' kwa jina maarufu '''''Siyaya Arts''''' ni kikundi cha [[muziki]], kucheza na kuigiza kutoka Makokoba[[Bulawayo|, Bulawayo]], [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe.]] == Asili == Siyaya ilianzishwa mwaka wa 1989 na awali ilijulikana kama Nostalgic Actors and Singers Alliance (NASA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya 25 years in arts|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/siyaya-25-years-in-arts/|work=The Chronicle|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-GB|author=The Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts collabos with Hawaiian trio|url=https://www.sundaynews.co.zw/siyaya-arts-collabos-with-hawaiian-trio/|work=The Sunday News|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-GB|author=The Sunday News}}</ref> Ilianzishwa na wanachama 5 wakiongozwa na Mike Sobiko. Kuanzishwa kwake kulichangiwa na hadithi za kitamaduni, muziki na densi zinahusiana na jiji la Bulawayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/siyaya-arts|work=Music In Africa|date=2015-07-06|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> Wanachama wamekuwa wakibadilika mara kwa mara huku wanachama wengi wa zamani wakiendelea na miradi mingine kama hiyo. Safu hiyo sasa ina wanachama 13 chini ya uongozi wa Saimon Mambazo Phiri. Katika maadhimisho ya miaka 10 walibadilisha jina lao kuwa Siyaya (jina la [[Kindebele]] lenye maana ya "on the move" kwa kiingereza).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Artist Profiles: Siyaya {{!}} World Music Central|url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/2016/12/19/artist-profiles-siyaya/|date=2016-12-19|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US}}</ref> Kundi hili limefanya ziara nyingi barani Ulaya na Afrika na kujipatia sifa nzuri hasa kwa kugusa masuala ya kijamii katika muziki wake. == Matamasha == Siyaya wametumbuiza kote barani [[Afrika]] na [[Ulaya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya's Zimbabwean rhythms get the masses moving at Womad UK|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/move-to/south-africans-abroad/siyayas-zimbabwean-rhythms-get-the-masses-moving-at-womad/|work=The South African|date=2014-07-29|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Baadhi ya matamasha waliyohudhulia tangu 1993 ni pamoja na Aberdeen International Youth Festival ([[Uskoti]]), Towersey Festival ([[Uingereza]]), Glastonbury Festival (Uingereza), Pontardawe Festival ([[Welisi]]), Waterford Spraoi ([[Eire]]), WOMAD Reading Festival (Uingereza), Malopo Tamasha ([[Pretoria]], [[Afrika Kusini]]), Edinburgh International Fringe Festival (Uskoti), Market Theatre Community Theatre Festival (Afrika Kusini), Ross On Wye International Festival ([[Welisi]]), Scena Church & Theater Festival ([[Hannover|Hanover]] [[Ujerumani]]), Panafest Historic Theatre Festival ([[Cape Coast]], [[Ghana]]), Streets Ahead Festival Manchester (Uingereza), Sidmouth International Folk Festival (Uingereza), Earagail Arts Festival (Eire) na mengine mengi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts|url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/Siyaya_Arts|work=Pindula|date=2020-06-25|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> ==Diskografia== *Yebo! Yes! (2000) *Kokoba Town (2002) *Futhi Njalo (2009) *Zambezi Express (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siyaya Arts releases fourth album|url=https://victoriafalls24.com/blog/2014/08/25/siyaya-arts-releases-fourth-album/|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-US|author=About the Author Editor Twitter Facebook Email}}</ref> == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218213020/http://siyaya-arts.com/ Tovuti rasmi ya Siyaya] {{Commons category|Siyaya}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] lse5jwowflnuunxl4j5h2y3j6908hdt 0 148981 1236675 1234784 2022-07-29T15:44:00Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gravity Omutujju''' ni [[rapa]] wa [[Uganda]].<ref name=newvision>{{cite web|title=Mind those you meet on your way up-Gravity Omutujju|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/645145-mind-those-you-meet-on-your-way-up-gravity-omutujju.html|access-date=27 December 2014|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2015-01-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112035433/http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/645145-mind-those-you-meet-on-your-way-up-gravity-omutujju.html}}</ref><ref name=redpepper>{{cite web|title=Gravity Omutujju Hooks TV Presenter|url=http://www.redpepper.co.ug/gravity-omutujju-hooks-tv-presenter/|access-date=27 December 2014}}</ref> Ni mmoja wa wasanii wa juu wa Luga flow wanaorap nchini [[Luganda]].<ref name=evibe>{{cite web|title=Rapper, Gravity Omutuju Arrested|url=http://evibe.ug/rapper-gravity-omutuju-arrested/|access-date=27 December 2014|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2014-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808012418/http://evibe.ug/rapper-gravity-omutuju-arrested/}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== '''Gravity Omutujju''' jina halisi '''Gereson Wabuyi''' alizaliwa [[1993]] huko Nakulabye..<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Uganda|first=Flash|date=2020-08-24|title=Gravity Omutujju: Biography, Wife, House, Music, Age and Family of Gereson Wabuyi|url=https://flashugnews.com/gravity-omutujju-biography-wife-house-family-of-gereson-wabuyi/|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Flash Uganda Media|language=English}}</ref> Alizaliwa na Micheal Gesa (baba) na Jane Kajoina (mama). Alisoma Shule ya Nankulabye Junior kwa elimu yake ya msingi na Old [[Kampala]] sekondari [[shule]] kwa kiwango chake cha kawaida cha sekondari [[elimu]]. == Kazi == Gravity alianza kuimba akiwa Old [[Kampala]]Shule ya Sekondari ambapo hatimaye aliamua kupata jina la kisanii la Gravity Omutujju. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 17 akiwa likizoni Senior four, aliunganishwa na watayarishaji wa muziki Peterson wa studio za Redemption na Ruff x na Peterson walirekodi wimbo wake wa kwanza uitwao Joanita. Baadaye alijiunga na mtayarishaji Didi katika kikundi cha Makindye kilichoitwa Born fire ambapo aliungana na [[muziki]] [[wasanii]].<ref name=":0" /> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] 6dseriqw8kvcdhmpxjsknat9j6gvle4 0 149073 1236689 1234413 2022-07-29T18:28:47Z Freezetime 55063 Fix Dead Link wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Dead Peepol.jpg|thumb|Dead Peepol]] '''Dead Peepol''' ni muunganiko wa [[mwanamuziki|wanamuziki]] wawili wa [[Ghana]] kutoka [[Kumasi]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=ProfileAbility – Dead Peepol|url=https://profileability.com/dead-peepol/|accessdate=2021-04-05|work=ProfileAbility|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=We made drill music popular in Ghana with 'Otanhunu' – Dead Peepol|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/We-made-drill-music-popular-in-Ghana-with-Otanhunu-Dead-Peepol-1145531|accessdate=2021-02-01|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Pulse Picks: 5 best new Ghanaian artistes of 2020|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/pulse-picks-5-best-new-ghanaian-artistes-of-2020/fx08lm6|accessdate=2021-02-01|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is the Ledger|url=https://playonbit.com/blog/what-is-the-ledger|accessdate=2021-04-05|work=PlayOnBit|language=en}}</ref> Walipata umaarufu kupitia [[wimbo]] wao maarufu wa 'Otan Hunu'. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Showbiz A-Z's Top Ten Countdown: Keche's 'No Dulling' tops list - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/showbiz-a-zs-top-ten-countdown-keches-no-dulling-tops-list/|accessdate=2021-02-01|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mensah|first=Jeffrey|date=2020-12-29|title=17 Ghanaian songs which made the biggest waves in 2020|url=https://yen.com.gh/180044-2020-review-top-17-songs-big-waves-ghana.html|accessdate=2021-02-01|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en}}</ref> Walitoa remix ya wimbo huo iliyowashirikisha wasanii kama [[Fameye]], Kuami Eugene, Medikal, Deon Boakye, Malcolm Nuna, Rich Kent, Tulenkey na Bosom P-Yung. <ref>{{Cite |title=Kelvyn Boy 'MOMO' ft. Darkovibes & Mugeez|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/ghana-music-songs-best-2020/?rebelltitem=8#rebelltitem8?rebelltitem=8|accessdate=2021-02-01|work=OkayAfrica|language=en}}</ref> == Orodha ya kazi zake za kimuziki (Diskografia) == === ''Single'' === * Medo Wo More * Don't Worry Be Happy * Otan Hunu * Otan Hunu Remix * Against * No Noise == ''Video'' == * Otan Hunu <ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=New Music + Video: Dead Peepol x Rich Kent – Otan Hunu|url=https://jonilar.net/new-music-video-dead-peepol-x-rich-kent-otan-hunu/|accessdate=2021-02-01|work=Jonilar|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113024824/https://jonilar.net/2020/07/30/new-music-video-dead-peepol-x-rich-kent-otan-hunu/}}</ref> * Otan Hunu Remix <ref>{{Cite web|title=Video: Otan Hunu (Remix) by Dead Peepol & Rich Kent feat. Malcolm Nuna, Kuami Eugene, Medikal, Bosom P-Yung, Tulenkey, Deon Boakye & Fameye {{!}} Ghana Music {{!}}|url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/video/music-videos/video-otan-hunu-remix-by-dead-peepol-rich-kent-feat-malcolm-nuna-kuami-eugene-medikal-bosom-p-yung-tulenkey-deon-boakye-fameye/|accessdate=2021-02-01|work=Ghana Music|language=en-GB}}</ref> * Against * No Noise == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ghana]] jvp93b9eaqxkd9njt00yuclf4dgy634 1236690 1236689 2022-07-29T18:29:29Z Freezetime 55063 Fix Dead Link wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Dead Peepol.jpg|thumb|Dead Peepol]] '''Dead Peepol''' ni muunganiko wa [[mwanamuziki|wanamuziki]] wawili wa [[Ghana]] kutoka [[Kumasi]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=ProfileAbility – Dead Peepol|url=https://profileability.com/dead-peepol/|accessdate=2021-04-05|work=ProfileAbility|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=We made drill music popular in Ghana with 'Otanhunu' – Dead Peepol|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/We-made-drill-music-popular-in-Ghana-with-Otanhunu-Dead-Peepol-1145531|accessdate=2021-02-01|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Pulse Picks: 5 best new Ghanaian artistes of 2020|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/pulse-picks-5-best-new-ghanaian-artistes-of-2020/fx08lm6|accessdate=2021-02-01|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is the Ledger|url=https://playonbit.com/blog/what-is-the-ledger|accessdate=2021-04-05|work=TradingBot|language=en}}</ref> Walipata umaarufu kupitia [[wimbo]] wao maarufu wa 'Otan Hunu'. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Showbiz A-Z's Top Ten Countdown: Keche's 'No Dulling' tops list - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/showbiz-a-zs-top-ten-countdown-keches-no-dulling-tops-list/|accessdate=2021-02-01|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mensah|first=Jeffrey|date=2020-12-29|title=17 Ghanaian songs which made the biggest waves in 2020|url=https://yen.com.gh/180044-2020-review-top-17-songs-big-waves-ghana.html|accessdate=2021-02-01|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en}}</ref> Walitoa remix ya wimbo huo iliyowashirikisha wasanii kama [[Fameye]], Kuami Eugene, Medikal, Deon Boakye, Malcolm Nuna, Rich Kent, Tulenkey na Bosom P-Yung. <ref>{{Cite |title=Kelvyn Boy 'MOMO' ft. Darkovibes & Mugeez|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/ghana-music-songs-best-2020/?rebelltitem=8#rebelltitem8?rebelltitem=8|accessdate=2021-02-01|work=OkayAfrica|language=en}}</ref> == Orodha ya kazi zake za kimuziki (Diskografia) == === ''Single'' === * Medo Wo More * Don't Worry Be Happy * Otan Hunu * Otan Hunu Remix * Against * No Noise == ''Video'' == * Otan Hunu <ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=New Music + Video: Dead Peepol x Rich Kent – Otan Hunu|url=https://jonilar.net/new-music-video-dead-peepol-x-rich-kent-otan-hunu/|accessdate=2021-02-01|work=Jonilar|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113024824/https://jonilar.net/2020/07/30/new-music-video-dead-peepol-x-rich-kent-otan-hunu/}}</ref> * Otan Hunu Remix <ref>{{Cite web|title=Video: Otan Hunu (Remix) by Dead Peepol & Rich Kent feat. Malcolm Nuna, Kuami Eugene, Medikal, Bosom P-Yung, Tulenkey, Deon Boakye & Fameye {{!}} Ghana Music {{!}}|url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/video/music-videos/video-otan-hunu-remix-by-dead-peepol-rich-kent-feat-malcolm-nuna-kuami-eugene-medikal-bosom-p-yung-tulenkey-deon-boakye-fameye/|accessdate=2021-02-01|work=Ghana Music|language=en-GB}}</ref> * Against * No Noise == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ghana]] nsb78dqjioo29hhvqtbj18jumj2y029 0 149109 1236673 1234786 2022-07-29T15:40:17Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Phestus Mokgwetsi Victor Matshediso''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sampra.org.za/sampra-performer-members/|title=Phestus Matshediso|website=sampra}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/phestus-matshediso-mn0003677707|title=Phestus Matshediso (Fistaz Mixwell)|website=allmusic|access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref> anayejulikana kwa jina lake la kisanii kama '''Fistaz Mixwell''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[22 Aprili]] [[1976]]) ni [[raia]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]] DJ na mtayarishaji wa muziki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/br/app/fistaz-mixwell/id370343298?mt=8|title=Fistaz Mixwell na App Store|website=App Store|language=pt|access-date=2018-01-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.entertainmentafrica.com/index.php?section=command%7Crelease%7C%7Csubcommand%7Crelease%7C%7Crelease_type_id%7C2%7C%7Crelease_format_id%7C2%7C%7Cforthcoming%7C0%7C%7Crelease_id%7C4699|title=ひとには聞けないVライン事情…自宅で処理するならこれが正解！|website=www.entertainmentafrica.com|language=ja|access-date=2018-01-09}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali== Alizaliwa tarehe 22 Aprili 1976 huko [[Mafikeng]], mji mdogo katika Mkoa wa [[Kaskazini-Magharibi (jimbo la Afrika Kusini)|Kaskazini Magharibi]] [[Afrika Kusini]], kwa Jowie na Edward Matshediso.Fistaz Mixwell alihudhuria Shule ya Msingi ya JD Mosiah huko [[Rustenburg]] na mnamo 1988 alianza darasa la 7 katika Shule ya Upili ya Mmabatho huko Mafikeng.Mnamo 1993 Fistaz Mixwell alimaliza darasa lake na kuhudhuria mihadhara kama mwanafunzi wa Uhandisi wa Kiraia katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Johannesburg]] mnamo 1994. ==Career== Mnamo 1997 Fistaz Mixwell alijiunga na kituo cha redio cha Channel T kama mchezeshaji muziki, DJ wa disko la rununu. Hapa ndipo alipokutana na watu mashuhuri kama Iggy Smallz Oskido, Dj SBu na majina mengi ya wachezeshaji muziki, Dj nchini [[Afrika Kusini]] leo. Ingawa aliendelea kufeli masomo yake na hakumaliza shahada yake, alijijengea jina kama mmoja wa ma-DJ wachanga bora zaidi wa [[Johannesburg]]. Mnamo 1999 Fistaz Mixwell alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza iliyoitwa 'It's Time' ilifikia hadhi ya dhahabu nchini Afrika Kusini kwa mauzo 25,000. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bhEEAAAAMBAJ&q=Carmine+Meo+emma+2+million&pg=PA55|publisher=Billboard|first=Maria|last=Paravantes|title=Gold and Platinum: Song For A Cause |date=13 October 2001|accessdate=10 January 2019}}</ref>). Iliangazia nyimbo asili alizotunga yeye mwenyewe, Skizo na Bruce Dope Sebitlo wote kutoka Kalawa Jazmee Record Company.<ref>{{cite web|title=A bad boy 'n his toys - Fistaz is playing his dreams|url=http://www.sundayworld.co.za/Home/Article.aspx?id=1148873|publisher=Sunday World|accessdate=3 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728100931/http://www.sundayworld.co.za/Home/Article.aspx?id=1148873|archive-date=28 July 2011|url-status=dead|archivedate=2011-07-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728100931/http://www.sundayworld.co.za/Home/Article.aspx?id=1148873}}</ref> '''Fistaz Mixwell''' ametumbuiza katika vilabu bora vya usiku huko [[London]], [[New York City]], [[Miami]], [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Malaysia]], [[ Afrika Kusini]], [[Afrika]], [[Ufaransa]], Ireland, [[Zurich]], [[Lausanne]], [[Geneva]] na miji mingi zaidi duniani kote.Mnamo 2004, Fistaz Mixwell alijiunga na Kituo kikuu cha Redio cha Mjini [[Afrika Kusini]] chenye wasikilizaji Milioni 5.5 kama meneja wa Muziki.Mnamo 2006, Metro FM ilifikia idadi ya wasikilizaji wa rekodi ya milioni 6 na alisifiwa sana kwa mkakati wa muziki alioomba baada ya kujiunga na kituo. Kwa sasa ni Mkuu wa Vyombo Vipya vya Habari na Teknolojia katika METRO FM. Fistaz Mixwell pia anaendesha Kampuni yake ya ubunifu wa kidijitali, Creativ FM na pia ni mshirika wa TOUCHMIXWELL.COM, kampuni aliyounda pamoja na Tbo Touch. Wameunda nguvu kubwa katika burudani na maslahi yao ya kibiashara yanatofautiana kutoka kwa kipindi cha redio, vipindi vya televisheni, matukio na uanzishaji wa klabu. Mnamo 2011, Fistaz Mixwell aliacha kazi yake katika METRO FM akiwa ameongoza nyadhifa mbili [2] kama Meneja wa Muziki na baadaye mkuu wa New Media. Alijiunga na ZAR Empire kama Mkurugenzi Mtendaji na mwenye jukumu la kubadilisha Chapa ya ZAR. Akiwa madarakani alizindua [http://www.zaronline.co.za zaronline] {{Wayback|url=http://www.zaronline.co.za/ |date=20201101090903 }} website, [http://zaronline.co.za/zarfest/ ZARFEST] {{Wayback|url=http://zaronline.co.za/zarfest/ |date=20110809102113 }}, na pia alihusika na biashara ya klabu na pia kipindi cha televisheni cha So What kilichorushwa hewani e.tv. Castle Lite, bia ya kwanza ya Afrika Kusini inayotengenezwa na kusambazwa na SABMiller ilizindua [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sN7YB_kdqEM Enter the State of Cool] shindano ambapo Fistaz Mixwell alikuwa balozi wa chapa na Bingwa wa Chapa. Matangazo ya redio yaliwasukuma wasikilizaji kwenye Ukurasa wa Facebook wa Castle Lite na tovuti iliyoundwa mahususi kwa ajili ya shindano hilo. Mshindi alijishindia safari iliyolipiwa kwa gharama zote pamoja na marafiki zao 3 na Fistaz Mixwell kwenda Marekani ili kutembelea na kuona Ice Bar. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] sdv4h2dqcl2n0vmuaub0kncfbbj6965 0 149142 1236674 1235317 2022-07-29T15:41:37Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Caroline sampson.jpg|thumb|Caroline Sampson ni mtangazaji wa Redio na TV nchini Ghana na anajulikana kwa baadhi ya kazi zake na vituo vya Redio na Tv ambavyo amefanya navyo kazi nchini Ghana.]] '''Caroline Sampson''' (alizaliwa [[2 Agosti]] [[1984]]) ni [[raia]] wa [[Ghana]] mtangazaji wa [[redio]], mtangazaji wa kipindi cha [[televisheni]], anayetambulisha watu katika matamasha na msanii wa sauti anayejulikana zaidi kwa matangazo yake ya televisheni na redio.  Alianza uchezaji wake katika vyombo vya habari mwaka [[2005]] alipoishia kuwa mshiriki wa fainali katika toleo la tatu la shindano la Tv la uhalisia ya Miss Malaika [[Ghana]]. Zaidi na utangazaji wa TV na redio, Sampson ameandaa vipindi vya uhalisia vya TV, matukio ya kampuni, maonyesho ya kwanza ya filamu na uzinduzi wa [[albamu]]. Alikuwa [[Mwafrika]] na [[Mghana]] wa kwanza kushinda tuzo ya Mtangazaji bora katika tamasha na shindano la Stars Integration of Culture of Africa lililofanyika [[Benin]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Female-Ghanaian-celebrities-that-came-out-of-Beauty-Pageants-374975</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>http://nanabkay.blogspot.com/2015/11/my-hero-caroline-sampson-tells-her.html</nowiki></ref>. == Maisha ya awali == '''Caroline Sampson''' alizaliwa huko [[Tema]] katika Hospitali ya Valco mnamo Agosti 2, 1984, na kukulia katika Jumuiya ya Tema 7. Ni mtoto wa pekee wa mama yake Madam Mary Araba Quarshie na babake Bw Jacob Maxwell Apraku Sampson. Caroline alisoma katika Shule ya Maandalizi ya Watayarishi huko Tema ambako alisoma shule ya msingi na elimu ya shule ya upili. Kisha akaendelea na masomo ya sanaa katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Wasichana ya Mfantsiman. Akiwa huko, Caroline alipenda kucheza dansi na alishiriki katika shughuli nyingi, akicheza na kukaribisha maonyesho ndani na nje ya chuo. Pia alikuwa mtendaji wa Klabu ya Waandishi, drama na mdahalo (WDDC) na GUNSA kwa mwaka wa masomo wa 2002. Alipata elimu yake ya juu katika Chuo cha Mawasiliano cha Chuo Kikuu cha Afrika (AUCC). == Kazi == '''Uonyeshaji mitindo''' Kazi ya Sampson ilianza kama mshiriki katika toleo la tatu la kipindi cha uhalisia cha TV, Miss Malaika Ghana, mwaka wa 2005. Alikua miongoni mwa washiriki 16 wa mwisho.<ref><nowiki>https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/lifestyle/ghanaian-female-celebrities-who-were-in-beauty-pageant-id5319279.html</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201511/260345.php</nowiki></ref> '''Televisheni''' Mnamo [[2005]], Sampson alipata mapumziko yake ya kwanza kwenye televisheni alipoandaa kipindi cha mchezo, U-Win Game, kilichopeperushwa kwenye GTV (Mtangazaji wa Kitaifa wa [[Ghana]]). Baadaye, aliandaa Hitz Video, programu ya kila wiki ya video ya muziki ambayo ilionyeshwa kwenye mtandao wa TV3 [[Ghana]]. Mnamo [[2009]], Sampson alijiunga na Global Media Alliance, kampuni mama ya ETV na YFM Ghana; na akaandaa E kwenye E, kipindi cha burudani cha kila siku kwenye ETV [[Ghana]] <ref><nowiki>https://ameyawdebrah.com/caroline-sampson-bring-ladies-together-girlfriends-saturday/</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/celebrity/caroline-marks-10-years-in-radio.html</nowiki></ref> Mnamo [[2017]], alihamia Kwese Sport kama mtangazaji wa kipindi cha kifungua kinywa cha kituo hicho, Head Start na baadaye akawa mwenyeji wa kipindi cha michezo, Sports Arena katika kituo hicho. '''Redioaa''' Mwaka 2015 alipokuwa akifanya kazi na GTV, Sampson pia alianza kufanya kazi katika redio kwenye kituo cha redio cha Atlantis huko [[Accra]]. Aliandaa maonyesho mawili ya kila siku ya kuendesha gari. == Balozi wa bidhaa == Mnamo mwaka [[2017]] Sampson na [[rapa]] kutoka nchini Ghana, Kofi Kinaata, walikuwa mabalozi wa kampuni ya vinywaji Guinness Ghana<ref><nowiki>https://www.yfmghana.com/2017/03/27/kofi-kinaata-and-caroline-sampson-announced-as-guinness-osagyefo-ambassadors/</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>http://kasapafmonline.com/2017/03/20/jay-foley-kofi-kinaata-caroline-sampson-now-brand-influencers-guinness/</nowiki></ref>. Pia alikuwa balozi wa chapa ya Woodin (kampuni ya kitambaa),<ref><nowiki>https://ameyawdebrah.com/woodin-unveils-ama-k-abebrese-caroline-sampson-m-anifest-and-dj-black-as-ambassadors/</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2012/09/30/photos-ama-k-abebrese-dj-black-manifest-caroline-sampson-named-as-brand-ambassadors-as-woodin-re-launched-in-accra/</nowiki></ref> na pia alikuwa uso wa kampuni ya vinywaji Castle Milk Stout mwaka wa 2014<ref><nowiki>https://www.newsghana.com.gh/castle-milk-stout-makes-caroline-sampson-as-its-new-face/</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>http://peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201412/224583.php</nowiki></ref> Caroline pia ni mshawishi wa mitandao ya kijamii na ameidhinisha chapa kama vile Zeepay, Huawei na World Remit, miongoni mwa zingine == Tuzo == '''Caroline Sampson''' alishinda Mtangazaji Bora mwaka [[2009]] kwenye Nyota ya Ujumuishaji wa [[Utamaduni]] wa [[Afrika]] iliyofanyika Cotonou, [[Benin]].  Mnamo [[2019]], alishinda Mtu Bora wa Redio wa Kike katika toleo la 3 la Tuzo za Burudani za Ghana USA.  Pia alipokea Tuzo ya 4 ya XWAC-Afrika ya Heshima kwa Ubora wa Vyombo vya Habari katika mwaka huo huo<ref><nowiki>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/blog.article.php?blog=1603&ID=1000004805</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>https://www.yfmghana.com/2017/03/20/yfms-caroline-sampson-and-dj-mic-smith-nominated-for-ghana-naija-showbiz-awards/</nowiki></ref> == Majereo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] 4r6gianybtab3bwgb117ljiceheo0xl 0 149197 1236692 1221156 2022-07-29T18:59:16Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Raeburn''' Peter Raeburn ni mtunzi wa [[muziki]] huko [[Uingereza]] alishinda [[tuzo]] nyingi,piya ni [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] na [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]]. ==Mshawishi wa muziki na kazi== Alikua mtunzi, '''Raeburn''' ameandika alama za [[filamu]] za vipengele mbalimbali zikiwemo The Dry (dir. Robert Connelly) akiwa na Eric Bana kwa ajili ya Made Up Stories, Picha (dir. Ritesh Batra) iliyotolewa na Amazon, Things Heard & Seen (dir. Shari Springer Berman na Robert Pulcini ) kwa [[Netflix]] wakiwa na Amanda Seyfried, Nancy wa Samuel Goldwyn (dir. Christina Choe) wakiwa na Andrea Risebrough & [[Steve Buscemi]], A24's Woodshock (dir. Kate & Laura Mulleavy) waliigiza na Kirsten Dunst, Danny Huston Picha, na filamu ya mkurugenzi Joshua Leonard; [[Uongo]]. Pia alitunga muziki wa makala ya hali halisi ya '''Raoul Martinez''' na '''Joshua Van Praag''', Kuunda [[Uhuru]]: Bahati Nasibu ya Kuzaliwa, ambayo iliteuliwa kwa Hati Bora katika Tamasha la Filamu la Raindance. Muziki wake unaangazia katika Blue Valentine, akiwa na Ryan Gosling na Michelle Williams. '''Raeburn''' pia anajulikana sana kwa kazi yake na mkurugenzi '''Jonathan Glazer''' kwenye filamu zake za Sexy Beast, Birth na BAFTA zilizoteuliwa Chini ya Ngozi. Raeburn alihusika sana katika kuunda wimbo wa sauti wa Lars Von Trier's Breaking The Waves Katika [[Televisheni]], hivi majuzi Raeburn alifunga safu mbili: Niambie Siri Zako (iliyoundwa na Harriett Warner) kwa Amazon Prime na Hit & Run (iliyoundwa na Lior Raz, Avi Issacharoff, Dawn Prestwich & Nicole Yorkin) kwa Netflix ==Marejeo== <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine</ref><ref>http://www.foxsearchlight.com/sexybeast/</ref> [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] e3te2a207nw7nq2w2h5vipckbvyyhqu 0 149199 1236691 1223343 2022-07-29T18:40:54Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Deepak Ram''' Deepak Ram (alizaliwa 1960) ni [[mwimbaji]] fleva, mtunzi, mchezaji wa kibodi na [[mtayarishaji]] wa asili ya [[Kihindi]] mzaliwa wa [[Afrika Kusini]]. Deepak anachukuliwa kuwa bwana wa bansuri, [[filimbi]] ya [[Kihindi]] ya [[asili]] ya kale iliyotengenezwa kutoka kwa [[mianzi]]. Yeye ni mfuasi mkuu wa bansuri maestro mashuhuri duniani '''Pandit Hariprasad Chaurasia''' ambaye chini yake alisomea muziki wa kitambo wa Kihindi. Uchezaji mwingi wa Deepak na upana wa safu ya muziki unachanganya mbinu za kitamaduni na zilizoboreshwa za Indian Raga, [[Jazz]], [[Blues]] na [[Flamenco]] katika mchanganyiko ambao umepata sifa kuu kimataifa. Deepak alitunukiwa SAMA (Tuzo la Muziki la Afrika Kusini) mwaka wa 2000 kwa '[[Albamu]] Bora ya Ala', Kutafuta Satyam. <ref>{{Citation|title=Deepak Ram|date=2022-04-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deepak_Ram&oldid=1084924916|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-05-07}}</ref> Amechangia kwenye albamu za Shango na Labyrinth na kikundi cha trance Juno Reactor ambacho kiliangaziwa kama wimbo wa kichwa wa The Matrix - Revolutions, Dead Bees kwenye albamu ya Keki ya msanii wa Jazz David Sylvian miongoni mwa wengine. ==Maisha ya awali== Mababu wa Deepak Ram waliletwa nchini Afrika Kusini kufanya kazi kwenye mashamba ya miwa kama vibarua wasiolipwa. Hivyo alizaliwa Afrika Kusini kwa wahamiaji wa kizazi cha pili wakati wa enzi ya ubaguzi wa rangi katika miaka ya 60. Wiki chache baada ya kuzaliwa kwake, nyumba ya familia huko Sophiatown, eneo lenye mchanganyiko wa rangi, lilidhulumiwa chini ya Sheria ya Maeneo ya Kikundi kwa kutekeleza ubaguzi wa rangi katika Apartheid Afrika Kusini. Familia yake ilihamishwa kwa nguvu huko Lenasia - kitongoji kisicho na maendeleo kusini mwa Johannesburg kilichotengwa kwa wale wenye asili ya [[India]]. Ushawishi wake wa kwanza ulikuwa rekodi za Jazz ambazo kaka zake walisikiliza na muziki wa Bollywood na Kihindi ambao wazazi wake walisikiliza. Filimbi yake ya kwanza ilitengenezwa kwa bomba la maji na matundu sita yalitobolewa kiholela kwenye kando. <ref>{{Citation|title=Deepak Ram|date=2022-04-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deepak_Ram&oldid=1084924916|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-05-07}}</ref> ==Kazi== '''Deepak Ram''' alisafiri hadi India kwa mara ya kwanza akiwa na umri wa miaka 16 ambapo alipata mafunzo ya muziki wa kitamaduni wa Kihindi chini ya mwimbaji mashuhuri '''Pandit Hariprasad Chaurasia''' na marehemu '''Shri Suryakant Limaye'''. <ref>{{Citation|title=Deepak Ram|date=2022-04-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deepak_Ram&oldid=1084924916|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-05-07}}</ref> Kabla ya kuaga dunia, marehemu alimwachia Ram mkusanyiko wa filimbi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Deepak Ram|date=2022-04-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deepak_Ram&oldid=1084924916|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-05-07}}</ref> ==Diskografia== ===Albamu za pekee=== *arching for Satyam (2000) * Prasad (Blessing) with Pandit Swapan Chaudhuri (2002) * Beauty in Diversity (2002) * Samvad (Conversation) with Ustad Tari Khan (2005) * One Breath with Pandit Anindo Chatterjee (2007) * Steps (2008) *Flute Tales (2013) * Incandescent (2016) *Indentured Blue (2020) ==DVD== Moja kwa moja huko California na Pandit Anindo Chatterjee (pamoja na mahojiano na Deepak Ram na Pt. Anindo Chatterjee ==Uzalishaji== *un Zara', albamu ya kwanza ya Chinmayi kwenye lebo ya Worldwide Records. []<ref>{{Citation|title=Deepak Ram|date=2022-04-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deepak_Ram&oldid=1084924916|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-05-07}}</ref> ==Michango== * Buddha Bar I * Buddha Bar III * Juno Reactor - Shango (2000) * Dead Bees on a Cake * Juno Reactor - Labyrinth (2004) * Civilization VI - India ==Marejeo== <references /> [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Afrika Kusini]] de8v932pupua855q6ssx489jxj08kvx 0 149216 1236688 1221193 2022-07-29T18:26:59Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eugene Skeef,'''Eugene SkeefFRSA ni mwigizaji kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] mpiga ngoma, [[mtunzi]], [[mshairi]], muelimishaji na muhuishaji anaeishi huko [[London]] tangu 1980. Yeye pia anafanya kazi katika utatuzi wa migogoro, anafanya kazi kama mshauri kuhusu maendeleo ya kitamaduni, anafundisha uongozi wa ubunifu na ni mtangazaji. Mnamo 2003 alianzisha Umoya Creations, shirika la hisani lililoanzishwa ili kuwezesha kazi hii ya kimataifa. Mizizi ya Eugene imethibitika katika kazi yake ya kitamaduni na [[Steve Biko]], marehemu kiongozi wa haki za kiraia wa Afrika Kusini. Akiwa mwanaharakati kijana aliongoza kampeni ya kitaifa ya kufundisha kusoma na kuandika katika shule, vyuo na jumuiya katika kipindi cha ubaguzi wa rangi [[Afrika Kusini]]. Eugene yuko mstari wa mbele katika [[tasnia ya muziki]] ya kisasa, akishirikiana na wasanii wabunifu kama vile '''Anthony Tidd''', [[Brian Eno]], '''Bheki Mseleku''', '''Tunde Jegede''' na '''Eddie Parker'''. Ameleta uzoefu wake wa kina, kama mshauri kwa Mtandao wa Muziki wa Kisasa. Pia amekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika kuendeleza programu za elimu za baadhi ya okestra kuu za kitambo huko [[Uingereza]], ikijumuisha London Philharmonic Orchestra (LPO), London Sinfonietta na Royal Scottish National Orchestra. Eugene ni Mshirika wa ''Royal Society of Arts'' na anaketi kwenye bodi ya wakurugenzi ya LPO. Yeye yuko katika kamati ya ushauri ya SoundJunction, mradi wa elimu wa media titika wa Bodi Husianishwa ya Shule za Kifalme za Muziki. Mnamo Septemba 2004 aliteuliwa kuwa mwanamuziki katika makazi ya Shule ya Muziki ya Purcell. Mnamo Machi 2005 Eugene alitumbuiza na watu wake Ensemble huko Buckingham Palace na aliwasilishwa kwa [[Elizabeth II wa Uingereza|Malkia]] kama sehemu ya Siku ya Kihistoria ya Muziki kusherehekea tofauti za kitamaduni nchini [[Uingereza]]. Katika majira ya baridi kali ya 2006 Eugene alitunukiwa Ushirika wa Baraza la Sanaa la Uingereza kwa Kituo cha Sanaa cha Banff nchini Kanada ili kutumia miezi mitatu kuendeleza In Memory Of Our seasons, tume ya vyombo vya habari vingi kutoka London Sinfonietta. Mnamo Juni 2006 SoundJunction - ambayo Eugene alikuwa mtayarishaji wa maudhui, mwandishi na mshauri - alishinda tuzo ya kifahari ya New Media Age (NMA) katika kitengo cha muziki. Eugene ameketi na Howard Goodall na Mary King kwenye jopo la waamuzi wa shindano la Kwaya Bora ya Mwaka ya BBC. Kazi yake ya kwaya Harmony iliimbwa katika Westminster Abbey mnamo Machi 2007 mbele ya Malkia na Makamishna Wakuu wa Jumuiya ya Madola ili kukuza uvumilivu na uelewano wa kimataifa. Mnamo 2007 Eugene alielekeza Motherland, kipande cha ukumbi wa densi alichounda na waigizaji wa kimataifa katika kuadhimisha miaka 200 ya kukomeshwa kwa sheria ya biashara ya utumwa. Mnamo Juni 2008, Eugene na Richard Bissill's Excite!, tume ya okestra ya London Philharmonic Orchestra, ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Ukumbi wa Tamasha la Royal katika Kituo cha Southbank, London. Mnamo mwaka wa 2012, Eugene alitumbuiza katika Orchestra In A Field, tamasha la muziki maarufu/maarufu lililo katika Glastonbury Abbey, [[Somerset]]. Tukio hilo lilionyeshwa televisheni na Channel 4. Eugene ni sehemu ya mpango wa kimataifa wa kujenga amani uitwao Quartet of Peace, ulioanzishwa na Brian Lisus, mwanaluthier wa Afrika Kusini. Ametunga ''uxolo'' (ikimaanisha msamaha, katika lugha ya [[Kizulu]]), iliyoagizwa mahsusi kwa wimbo wa robo ya ala za Brian kwa heshima ya washindi 4 wa Nobel wa Afrika Kusini, Nelson Mandela, Dk. Albert Luthuli, FW de Klerk. na Askofu Mkuu Desmond Tutu. Mnamo 2014 Eugene alitunga wimbo Fruits Of Our Gifts kwa ajili ya [http://www.bigbigsing.org Big Sing], mpango wa kitaifa wa uimbaji uliounganishwa na Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola huko Glasgow. ==Marejeo== === <u>Viungo vya nje</u> === <ref>http://www.umoyacreations.com/</ref> <ref>http://www.eugeneskeef.co.uk/</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140714183448/http://eugeneskeef.me/</ref> <ref>http://thequartetofpeace.blogspot.com/</ref> [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Afrika Kusini]] 5vtza7f3rhdki457surtwyvs2uuj8t5 1236759 1236688 2022-07-30T04:47:20Z Benix Mby 36425 Tanbihi wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eugene Skeef''' FRSA ni mwigizaji kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] mpiga ngoma, [[mtunzi]], [[mshairi]], muelimishaji na muhuishaji anaeishi huko [[London]] tangu 1980. Yeye pia anafanya kazi katika utatuzi wa migogoro, anafanya kazi kama mshauri kuhusu maendeleo ya kitamaduni, anafundisha uongozi wa ubunifu na ni mtangazaji. Mnamo 2003 alianzisha Umoya Creations, shirika la hisani lililoanzishwa ili kuwezesha kazi hii ya kimataifa. Mizizi ya Eugene imethibitika katika kazi yake ya kitamaduni na [[Steve Biko]], marehemu kiongozi wa haki za kiraia wa Afrika Kusini. Akiwa mwanaharakati kijana aliongoza kampeni ya kitaifa ya kufundisha kusoma na kuandika katika shule, vyuo na jumuiya katika kipindi cha ubaguzi wa rangi [[Afrika Kusini]]. Eugene yuko mstari wa mbele katika [[tasnia ya muziki]] ya kisasa, akishirikiana na wasanii wabunifu kama vile '''Anthony Tidd''', [[Brian Eno]], '''Bheki Mseleku''', '''Tunde Jegede''' na '''Eddie Parker'''. Ameleta uzoefu wake wa kina, kama mshauri kwa Mtandao wa Muziki wa Kisasa. Pia amekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika kuendeleza programu za elimu za baadhi ya okestra kuu za kitambo huko [[Uingereza]], ikijumuisha London Philharmonic Orchestra (LPO), London Sinfonietta na Royal Scottish National Orchestra. Eugene ni Mshirika wa ''Royal Society of Arts'' na anaketi kwenye bodi ya wakurugenzi ya LPO. Yeye yuko katika kamati ya ushauri ya SoundJunction, mradi wa elimu wa media titika wa Bodi Husianishwa ya Shule za Kifalme za Muziki. Mnamo Septemba 2004 aliteuliwa kuwa mwanamuziki katika makazi ya Shule ya Muziki ya Purcell. Mnamo Machi 2005 Eugene alitumbuiza na watu wake Ensemble huko Buckingham Palace na aliwasilishwa kwa [[Elizabeth II wa Uingereza|Malkia]] kama sehemu ya Siku ya Kihistoria ya Muziki kusherehekea tofauti za kitamaduni nchini [[Uingereza]]. Katika majira ya baridi kali ya 2006 Eugene alitunukiwa Ushirika wa Baraza la Sanaa la Uingereza kwa Kituo cha Sanaa cha Banff nchini Kanada ili kutumia miezi mitatu kuendeleza In Memory Of Our seasons, tume ya vyombo vya habari vingi kutoka London Sinfonietta. Mnamo Juni 2006 SoundJunction - ambayo Eugene alikuwa mtayarishaji wa maudhui, mwandishi na mshauri - alishinda tuzo ya kifahari ya New Media Age (NMA) katika kitengo cha muziki. Eugene ameketi na Howard Goodall na Mary King kwenye jopo la waamuzi wa shindano la Kwaya Bora ya Mwaka ya BBC. Kazi yake ya kwaya Harmony iliimbwa katika Westminster Abbey mnamo Machi 2007 mbele ya Malkia na Makamishna Wakuu wa Jumuiya ya Madola ili kukuza uvumilivu na uelewano wa kimataifa. Mnamo 2007 Eugene alielekeza Motherland, kipande cha ukumbi wa densi alichounda na waigizaji wa kimataifa katika kuadhimisha miaka 200 ya kukomeshwa kwa sheria ya biashara ya utumwa. Mnamo Juni 2008, Eugene na Richard Bissill's Excite!, tume ya okestra ya London Philharmonic Orchestra, ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Ukumbi wa Tamasha la Royal katika Kituo cha Southbank, London. Mnamo mwaka wa 2012, Eugene alitumbuiza katika Orchestra In A Field, tamasha la muziki maarufu/maarufu lililo katika Glastonbury Abbey, [[Somerset]]. Tukio hilo lilionyeshwa televisheni na Channel 4. Eugene ni sehemu ya mpango wa kimataifa wa kujenga amani uitwao Quartet of Peace, ulioanzishwa na Brian Lisus, mwanaluthier wa Afrika Kusini. Ametunga ''uxolo'' (ikimaanisha msamaha, katika lugha ya [[Kizulu]]), iliyoagizwa mahsusi kwa wimbo wa robo ya ala za Brian kwa heshima ya washindi 4 wa Nobel wa Afrika Kusini, Nelson Mandela, Dk. Albert Luthuli, FW de Klerk. na Askofu Mkuu Desmond Tutu. Mnamo 2014 Eugene alitunga wimbo Fruits Of Our Gifts kwa ajili ya [http://www.bigbigsing.org Big Sing], mpango wa kitaifa wa uimbaji uliounganishwa na Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola huko Glasgow. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.umoyacreations.com/ Umoya Creations] *[http://www.eugeneskeef.co.uk/ Tovuti rasmi ya Eugene Skeef] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140714183448/http://eugeneskeef.me/ Eugene Skeef Rhythm For Life blog] *[http://thequartetofpeace.blogspot.com/ Quartet of Peace blog ] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki kutoka London]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Afrika Kusini]] 22noz4awh8574w0h817gq3654ptzyob 0 149261 1236678 1234369 2022-07-29T16:14:27Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Derrick Sarfo Kantanka''', alizaliwa ( [[14 Februari]] [[1995]] ), ni maarufu kwa [[jina]] la '''Amerado''', ni [[rapa]] kutoka [[Kumasi]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Kumasi-based-musicians-are-not-united-Amerado-719479|title=Kumasi based musicians are not united – Amerado|work=www.ghanaweb.com|date=30 January 2019|accessdate=2019-05-19|archivedate=2020-07-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720082040/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Kumasi-based-musicians-are-not-united-Amerado-719479}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/artistes/new-artiste/2018/01/31/amerado-lyrical-genius-kumasi/|title=Amerado; lyrical genius from Kumasi|author=Music|first=Ghana|date=2018-01-31|work=Ghana Music|accessdate=2018-12-07|archivedate=2018-12-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230031844/https://www.ghanamusic.com/artistes/new-artiste/2018/01/31/amerado-lyrical-genius-kumasi/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-21|title=Coronavirus has contributed to my popularity - Musician Amerado confesses|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/music/coronavirus-has-contributed-to-my-popularity-musician-amerado-confesses/|accessdate=2020-07-21|work=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-07-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721142042/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/music/coronavirus-has-contributed-to-my-popularity-musician-amerado-confesses/}}</ref>, na mtangazaji wa nchini [[Ghana]] . == Maisha ya awali na elimu == '''Derrick''' '''Kantanka''' alizaliwa na kukulia huko Ejisu, [[Kumasi]], katika [[Mkoa wa Ashanti]] nchini [[Ghana]] . Alisomea katika [[Shule ya upili]] ya KNUST . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://profileability.com/amerado/|title=ProfileAbility – Amerado|author=ProfileAbility|date=2017-11-21|work=ProfileAbility|accessdate=2018-12-07|archivedate=2018-12-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209093246/https://profileability.com/amerado/}}</ref> == Kazi ya muziki == Baada ya kushika nafasi ya tatu katika Kipindi cha ''Solid FM Freestyle Show'' mwaka [[2015]], Amerado alikuja kumfahamu Azee Ntwene, na kutia nae saini katika rekodi lebo yake ya ''MicBurnerz Music'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/34127/strongman-is-the-best-rapper-in-ghana-and-amerado-is-the-bes.html|title=Strongman Is The Best Rapper In Ghana And Amerado Is The Best In Kumasi—Azee Burner|author=DaGhBlogger|first=Muhideen|work=Modern Ghana|accessdate=2018-12-07|archivedate=2018-08-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814103422/https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/34127/strongman-is-the-best-rapper-in-ghana-and-amerado-is-the-bes.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Stop the insults – Amerado cautions on 'Death Sentence'|url=https://www.businessghana.com/|accessdate=2021-08-31|work=BusinessGhana}}</ref> Amerado alishirikishwa kwenye [[wimbo]] wa Mix Master Garzy ulionuiwa na kukuza amani kipindi cha [[uchaguzi mkuu]] wa Ghana wa [[mwaka]] [[2016]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/audio/Mix-Masta-Garzy-launches-peace-campaign-474961|title=Mix Masta Garzy launches peace campaign {{!}} Music 2016-10-05|work=www.ghanaweb.com|date=5 October 2016|accessdate=2018-12-07|archivedate=2018-12-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230030112/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/audio/Mix-Masta-Garzy-launches-peace-campaign-474961}}</ref> Mwaka uliofuata, Amerado alitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza I AM, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/new-music-amerado-i-am-prod-by-azee-burner-id6078672.html|title=New Music: Amerado - I Am (Prod. by Azee Burner)|author=Mawuli|first=David|work=Pulse|accessdate=2018-12-07|date=2017-01-19|archivedate=2018-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714170210/https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/new-music-amerado-i-am-prod-by-azee-burner-id6078672.html}}</ref> ambao ulikua ni miongoni mwa nyimbo zao 10 bora nchini Ghana mnamo [[Januari]] [[2017]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/pulse-list-top-10-ghanaian-songs-of-january-2017/cmm0dmk|title=Top 10 Ghanaian songs of January 2017|date=2017-02-02|work=Pulse|accessdate=2019-01-06|archivedate=2019-01-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106204400/https://www.pulse.com.gh/pulse-list-top-10-ghanaian-songs-of-january-2017/cmm0dmk}}</ref> Alitoa EP yake ya kwanza ya ''Rapmare'' mnamo [[Novemba]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Hundreds-of-fans-attend-Amerado-s-Rapmare-EP-launch-604169|title=Hundreds of fans attend Amerado's Rapmare EP launch {{!}} Entertainment 2017-11-27|work=www.ghanaweb.com|date=27 November 2017|accessdate=2018-12-07|archivedate=2018-06-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614221235/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Hundreds-of-fans-attend-Amerado-s-Rapmare-EP-launch-604169}}</ref> Mwaka [[2018]], Amerado alishirikishwa kwenye wimbo wa hip-hop wa Sarkodie "Biibi Ba", <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghkings.com/sarkodie-10-underground-rappers-feature/|title=Sarkodie picks 10 underground rappers to feature on 'Biibi Ba'|date=2018-09-20|work=GhKings|accessdate=2019-05-19|archivedate=2019-04-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408040824/https://ghkings.com/sarkodie-10-underground-rappers-feature/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/53192/all-you-need-to-know-about-sarkodies-biibi-ba-challenge.html|title=All You Need To Know About Sarkodie's "Biibi Ba" Challenge|date=2018-09-25|work=Modern Ghana|accessdate=2019-05-19|archivedate=2019-04-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408040821/https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/53192/all-you-need-to-know-about-sarkodies-biibi-ba-challenge.html}}</ref> ambao uliteuliwa kwa Wimbo Bora wa Hiphop katika [[tuzo]] za muziki za Vodafone Ghana mwaka [[2019]] (''Vodafone Ghana Music Awards''). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/news/full-list-of-nominations-for-vgma-2019.html|work=www.graphic.com.gh|accessdate=2019-05-19|title=Full list of nominations for VGMA 2019|archivedate=2019-04-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408040822/https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/news/full-list-of-nominations-for-vgma-2019.html}}</ref> === Mtindo=== '''Amerado''' hurap na kuimba zaidi katika lahaja ya Kitwi ya lugha ya [[Kiakan|Akan]] ya Ghana, lakini wakati mwingine hutumia [[Kiingereza]] pia. Jina lake la usanii, Amerado, ambalo linamaanisha 'Gavana' kwa Kiakan, lilichaguliwa ili kuthibitisha uongozi wake katika eneo la muziki. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Quist|first=Ebenezer|date=2020-07-12|title=My girlfriend left me because I was broke - Amerado Burner on past relationship|url=https://yen.com.gh/162793-my-girlfriend-dumped-i-broke---amerado-burner-relationship.html|accessdate=2021-06-26|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en|archivedate=2021-06-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626004125/https://yen.com.gh/162793-my-girlfriend-dumped-i-broke---amerado-burner-relationship.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=What does amerado mean?|url=https://www.definitions.net/definition/amerado|accessdate=2021-06-26|work=www.definitions.net|archivedate=2021-06-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626004126/https://www.definitions.net/definition/amerado}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1995]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] d1avpdu79wku88gp80mw6dsxzfqkce8 0 149365 1236825 1234872 2022-07-30T11:12:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.9 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mtu |rangi =nyeupe |jina = Mohamed Rouicha |picha = Rouichamoh.JPG |maelezo_ya_picha = Mohamed Rouicha |jina la kuzaliwa = Mohamed Rouicha |alizaliwa = 1950,Khenifra Moroko |alikufa = 2012 Khenifra Moroko |nchi = Moroko |kazi yake = Mwanamuziki |ndoa = |wazazi = |watoto = |tovuti rasmi = }} '''Mohamed Rouicha''' (Kiarabu: محمد رويشة; [[1950]] - 17 [[Januari]] [[2012]]) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Moroko|Morocco.]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Video: Hamza Namira Sings Moroccan Rouicha's Inas Inas|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2016/04/184428/video-hamza-namira-sings-moroccan-rouichas-inas-inas|work=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/|accessdate=2022-04-30|language=en|author=Staff Writer-Morocco World News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Festival Fès 2004|url=http://mondomix.com/event/fes2004/j1/edito1.htm|work=web.archive.org|accessdate=2022-04-30|archivedate=2004-10-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041024160504/http://mondomix.com/event/fes2004/j1/edito1.htm}}</ref>Nyimbo zake mara nyingi huwa na mada kama vile [[mapenzi]] na [[maisha]] nchini [[Moroko]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Le chanteur amazigh Mohamed Rouicha est mort {{!}} Demain|url=http://www.demainonline.com/2012/01/17/le-chanteur-amazigh-mohamed-rouicha-est-mort/|work=web.archive.org|accessdate=2022-04-30|archivedate=2012-01-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119220047/http://www.demainonline.com/2012/01/17/le-chanteur-amazigh-mohamed-rouicha-est-mort/}}</ref> Nyimbo zake maarufu zaidi ni Ya lehbiba, bini w'binek darou lehdouden na Inas inas.<ref>{{Citation|title=Mohamed Rouicha|date=2022-02-28|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohamed_Rouicha&oldid=1074573874|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-04-30}}</ref> Alikuwa [[msanii]] maarufu wa Amazigh, [[mshairi]], mwimbaji, [[mtunzi]] na [[mwanamuziki]].Rouicha" lilikuwa jina la utani ambalo lilimaanisha "tuchanganyie kitu" kwa ki [[Tamazight]], ambao ulikuwa ni msemo marafiki zake walikuwa wakiusema wanapotaka ajiunge na kucheza wimbo mpya papo hapo. Alijua chombo cha "loutar". == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] o6bfu9c930uninsbou0l3i7gedsusd0 0 149460 1236672 1234573 2022-07-29T15:38:35Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cheikha Rimitti''' ( Kiarabu سعدية الغيزانية '''Saadia El Ghizania''' , 8 Mei, 1923 &#x2013; 15 Mei, 2006 <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Obituary: Cheikha Rimitti|url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/may/18/guardianobituaries.robindenselow|accessdate=2021-11-25|work=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> ) alikuwa mwimbaji maarufu wa kike wa nhini [[Algeria]]. == Maisha ya awali == '''Cheikha Rimitti''' alizaliwa huko Tessala, kijiji kidogo magharibi mwa [[Algeria]] mnamo 1923, na akaitwa Saadia, kumaanisha ''furaha'' . Jina hili halikulingana na uhalisia wa maisha yake ya utotoni, hata hivyo, kwa vile alikuwa yatima tangu akiwa mtoto kutokana na ukatili wa wafaransa na alianza kuishi maisha magumu, akipata faranga chache kufanya kazi mashambani na sehemu nyingine za kazi za mikono. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Pareles|first=Jon|date=2006-05-28|title=Cheikha Rimitti, 83, Rebel of Algerian Music, Is Dead|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/28/nyregion/28rimitti.html}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2006]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1923]] q089ayvcsxyga8yxqacs4nxp5detn3c 0 149476 1236671 1234793 2022-07-29T15:37:16Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bendi ya Soto Koto''' ni bendi ya [[muziki]] wa [[jazz]] ya [[Afrika|Kiafrika]]. Muziki wao kimsingi umeathiriwa na muziki wa [[Gambia]]. Kundi kubwa, bendi hutumbuiza kwenye [[Ala ya muziki|ala]] za upepo, ala za nyuzi, na midundo. [[Albamu]] iliyojiita, [[Bendi ya Soto Koto]], ilitolewa mwaka wa [[1993]]. Mojawapo ya nyimbo zake, "Korajulo", ilijumuishwa kwenye mkusanyiko wa albamu iliyotolewa na kampuni ya [[Asili|asilia]] wakati huo huo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Gambia]] cqhthiv5qlqgud5akcvc2koqa10rh23 0 149478 1236670 1234794 2022-07-29T15:36:19Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Souad Massi TFF 01.JPG|thumb|180px|Souad Massi]] '''Souad Massi''' (سعاد ماسي), (alizaliwa [[Agosti 23]], [[1972]]), ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Waberberi|Berber]] wa nchini [[Algeria]], [[mtunzi]] wa [[nyimbo]] na mpiga [[gitaa]]. Alianza [[kazi]] yake ya [[muziki]] katika bendi ya ''rock band Atakor'', kabla ya kuondoka nchini kufuatia vitisho vya kuuawa . Mnamo [[1999]], Massi alitumbuiza kwenye tamasha la Femmes d'Algérie huko [[Paris]], ambalo lilisababisha kupata [[mkataba]] wa kurekodi na Island Records . ==Maisha ya awali== '''Massi''' alizaliwa [[Algiers]], [[Algeria]] katika [[familia]] maskini ya [[watoto]] sita. Alikulia katika [[mtaa]] wa wafanyakazi wa daraja la Bab El Oued huko [[Algiers]] na alianza kuimba na kupiga [[Gitaa kavu|gitaa]] tangu akiwa mdogo. <ref name="AllMusic">[{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p482596|pure_url=yes}} "Biography"]. ''[[Allmusic]]''. Retrieved January 1, 2007.</ref> Kwa kutiwa moyo na kaka yake mkubwa, alianza kusoma muziki katika umri mdogo, kuimba na kupiga [[Gitaa kavu|gitaa]]. <ref name="AllMusic" /> Alipokuwa akikua, alijiingiza katika muziki wa [[Muziki wa country|nchi]] ya [[Marekani]], mitindo ya muziki ambayo baadaye ingeathiri sana utunzi wake wa nyimbo. <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4628089.stm "Africa's shining music stars"]. ''[[BBC News]]''. Retrieved January 1, 2007.</ref> Akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka 17, alijiunga na bendi ya [[flamenco]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] 7zffyxi5y04lxy1eakz3prcxwtjb7dc 0 149480 1236669 1234795 2022-07-29T15:35:25Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Rachid Taha.jpg|thumb|180px|Rachid Taha]] '''Rachid Taha''' ( [[18 Septemba]], [[1958]] - [[12 Septemba]], [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] na [[mwanaharakati]] wa nchini [[Algeria]]. == Maisha ya awali == '''Taha''' alizaliwa mnamo 1958 <ref name="twsD18">{{Cite news|title=Africa's shining music stars: Rashed TAHA|quote=Born in 1958 in Algeria, Rashed Taha, grew up in France in the poverty-stricken, working-class immigrant community around Lyon...|date=4 June 2011|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4628089.stm}}</ref> <ref name="twsD12" /> huko Sig, [[Wilaya ya Mascara|Mkoa wa Mascara]], [[Algeria]], <ref name="twsD18" /> ingawa chanzo cha pili kinapendekeza kwamba alizaliwa katika [[mji]] wa [[Oran]] ulio [[pwani]] ya [[Algeria]]. <ref name="twsD12">{{Cite news|title=HIGH NOTES: Rashed Taha|date=12 September 2001|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fm20010912a2.html}}</ref> Mji huu ulikuwa "mahali ulipozaliwa muziki wa raï", na [[1958]] ulikuwa mwaka muhimu katika mapambano ya [[uhuru]] wa [[Algeria]] dhidi ya mamlaka ya [[Ufaransa]]. <ref name="twsD12" /> Alianza kusikiliza muziki wa [[Algeria]] katika miaka ya [[1960]], <ref name="twsD13">{{Cite news|title=Nuclear fusion: Rashed Taha mixes rock and techno with Algerian street music – and the results are so good, he's already been banned from French radio|date=28 May 2001|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2001/may/28/artsfeatures1}}</ref> ikiwa ni pamoja na muziki wa mtindo wa mitaani unaoitwa [[chaabi]] . <ref name="twsD13" /> Zaidi ya hayo, muziki kutoka eneo la [[Maghrib|Maghreb]] ulikuwa sehemu ya malezi yake. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] 5jktasgpku7um02tsqe3wez7jxe8cxx 0 149510 1236685 1222385 2022-07-29T17:23:46Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Tkay Maidza (45670005945).jpg|alt====maisha yake awali==Jina la kuzaliwa Takudzwa Victoria Rosa Maidza|thumb|'''Tkay maidza mtumbuwizaji mwaka wa 2019''' {| class="wikitable" !Birth name |Takudzwa Victoria Rosa Maidza<ref>{{Citation|title=Smith, Godric William Naylor, (born 29 March 1965), Co-Founder, Inc. (Incorporated London Ltd), since 2013|date=2007-12-01|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u41990|work=Who's Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2022-05-03}}</ref> |} ]] '''Takudzwa Victoria Rosa "Tkay" Maidza''' (/tiːˈkeɪ ˈmaɪdzə/ tee-KAY MY-dzə; <ref>{{Citation|title=Tkay Maidza|date=2022-04-02|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tkay_Maidza&oldid=1080709009|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-05-03}}</ref> amezaliwa [[Harare]], [[Zimbabwe]], 17 Desemba 1995 ni mwimbaji-mtunzi wa nyimbo na rapa mzaliwa wa [[Zimbabwe]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa hip hop]] gtzr7ulppxhizou0bfn3u58d69nr48e 0 149535 1236680 1222687 2022-07-29T16:32:32Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diego Tinotenda Chikombeka''' (alizaliwa Mutare, [[Zimbabwe]], Februari 5, [[1998]]), anajulikana kitaalamu kama '''Diego Tryno''' ni mwanamuziki wa kisasa na mwanamuziki wa [[Muziki wa hip hop|hip-hop]] wa Zimbabwe. Pia anajulikana nchini kwa majina ya jukwaani ikiwa ni pamoja na "Mr. Coffee Please" na "The Future Billionaire". == Maisha ya awali == '''Diego''' alizaliwa katika Hospitali ya Wilaya ya Sakubva. <ref>{{Citation|title=Diego Tryno|date=2022-04-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diego_Tryno&oldid=1084645661|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-05-03}}</ref> Alikuwa mtoto wa kwanza kuzaliwa na mamake Fungisai Kanjera na babake Christopher Chikoboka. Alipokuwa akisoma shule ya msingi, alihamia Zvishavane kwa muda na kurejea Mutare kumalizia elimu yake ya msingi. Alihudhuria Shule ya sekondari ya juu ya Chikanga kabla ya kuhamia [[Harare]], na kumaliza shule ya upili katika Shule ya Upili ya Living Waters. Wakati wa masomo yake, Tryno alifanya mazoezi ya muziki faraghani, kwani wazazi wake hawakuvumilia uamuzi wake wa kutafuta muziki. == Marejeo == {{reflist|30em}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa hip hop]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] 8ntbdf3fbkmbjujzlb336mso2qrscfb 0 149653 1236668 1234847 2022-07-29T15:24:32Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Reggie Tsiboe''' (alizaliwa [[7 Septemba]], [[1964]]), ni [[Mghana]]-[[Mwingereza]] mburudishaji , dansi na mmoja wa [[waimbaji]] wa kikundi cha disko Boney M. kati ya mwaka 1982 na 1986 na baadaye kati ya mwaka 1989 na mwaka 1990<ref>https://boneym.es/bio-reggie-tsiboe/</ref>. Mwaka [[1982]], Tsiboe alichukua nafasi ya mchezaji densi [[Bobby Farrell]], lakini mnamo [[1984]] Farrell alijiunga tena na kikundi na wakawa wanadensi kwa pamoja<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=IwkKAQAAMAAJ&q=Reggie+Tsiboe</ref>. Mwaka 1986, bendi ya asili iligawanyika baada ya miaka 10 ya mafanikio, lakini mwaka wa 1989, Liz Mitchell na Reggie waliunda toleo jipya rasmi la Boney M. na mwaka wa 1990 walitoa nyimbo kwa msaada wa mtayarishaji Frank Farian "Hadithi", lakini miezi michache baadaye wote wawili walienda njia zao tofauti. '''Tsiboe''' alionekana kwenye [[albamu]] tatu za mwisho za Boney M.: ''Ten Thousand Lightyears'' (1984), ''Kalimba de Luna'' - ''16 Happy Songs'' (1984) na ''Eye Dance'' (1985) na pia alirekodi nyimbo za Krismasi na kikundi, ambazo zilitolewa kimataifa baada ya mgawanyiko wa bendi kwenye [[albamu]] mpya ya Boney M. Christmas, Nyimbo 20 kubwa za [[krismasi]] mwaka wa 1986. Reggie aliimba sauti kuu za nyimbo kadhaa za Boney M, zikiwemo "''Kalimba de Luna''", "''Happy Song''", "''Going Back West''", "''My Chérie Amour''", "''Young, Free and single''", "''Dreadlock Holiday''" na "''Barbarella Fortuneteller.'' Tarehe 21 Septemba 2006, Tsiboe na [[waimbaji]] wengine wawili wakuu wa Boney M., '''Liz Mitchell''' na '''Marcia Barrett''', walikuwa wageni maalum huko [[London]] kwenye onyesho la kwanza la [[muziki]] la '''Daddy Cool''', ambalo lilitokana na [[muziki]] wa kikundi hicho maarufu. Kabla ya kujiunga na kundi hilo alikuwa mwigizaji wa filamu nchini [[Ghana]]. Moja ya filamu iliyompa umaarufu ni filamu ya ''Love Brewed in an African Pot''. Kufuatia kipindi chake cha Boney M Tsiboe alirejea katika [[uigizaji]], Pia ameigiza katika filamu chache za TV za [[Uingereza]] Akiwemo ''Dr who''. Tsiboe sasa anaishi [[Marlborough, Massachusetts|Marlborough]], Wiltshire nchini [[Uingereza|Uingereza.]] ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] 0cgaq0qtsq7tar7gewl48xbqu319rfq 0 149689 1236665 1234878 2022-07-29T15:09:29Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tuzo za Muziki za Kisima''' ni [[programu]] ya kila mwaka ya [[tuzo]] inayotambua vipaji vya [[muziki]] katika [[Afrika Mashariki]].Licha ya kuwa na msingi wa [[Kenya]], mpango huu huwatunuku [[wasanii]] kutoka nchi mbalimbali, hasa [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]] na [[Tanzania]], na hushirikisha aina mbalimbali za muziki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.yardflex.com/archives/000586.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-07 |archivedate=2016-07-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706200951/http://www.yardflex.com/archives/000586.html }}</ref> == Historia == '''Tuzo za Kisima''' zilizopewa jina la [[Kiswahili]] la "vizuri" zilianzishwa na '''Pete Odera''' na [[Tedd Josiah]] mnamo [[1994]]. Mpango huu hapo awali ulilenga kutambua mafanikio bora katika sanaa ya uigizaji na nyanja zinazohusiana kama vile elimu na biashara, na ulifanyika [[kenya]] katika ukumbi wa michezo [[Nairobi|wa Braeburn wa Nairobi]]. Mchakato huu uliendelea kila mwaka huku tuzo zikifanyika katika Mkahawa wa Carnivore, hata hivyo mwaka wa [[1997]] mpango huo ulikomeshwa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Mbegu za muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] rc68eez2nq47i2uh5husxekxhsyrmld 0 149753 1236667 1234858 2022-07-29T15:13:44Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tuzo ya Headies kwa Mtu Mmoja Bora wa Rap''' ni tuzo iliyotolewa katika '''The Headies''', sherehe ambayo ilianzishwa mwaka wa [[2006]] na iliitwa Tuzo za Dunia za Hip Hop. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Headies Awards releases Nominees List for 12th Edition|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/04/12th-headies-full-list-nominees/|publisher=BellaNaija|accessdate=24 March 2019|date=13 April 2018}}</ref> Iliwasilishwa kwa Modi 9 kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka wa 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ben Bassey|title=Davido, Wizkid, Simi lead nominees list|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/headies-2018-davido-wizkid-simi-lead-nominees-list/v8vsdt3|publisher=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=16 March 2019|date=13 April 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Winners - The Headies 2006|url=http://theheadies.com/winners/?years=2006|publisher=Hip Hop World Magazine|accessdate=24 March 2019|archivedate=2019-03-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190309171224/http://theheadies.com/winners/?years=2006}}</ref> == Wapokeaji == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:40%;" ! colspan="3" |Rap Bora |- !Mwaka !Wanaogombea !Matokeo |- | rowspan="5" |[[:en:The_Headies_2020|2020]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Headies 2020: All the nominees|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/headies-2020-all-nominees|website=Music In Africa|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Here is the complete list of winners at the 14th Headies|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/here-is-the-complete-list-of-winners-at-the-14th-headies-featuring-burna-boy-fireboy/7e1j2gz|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> !"Bop daddy" – [[:en:Falz|Falz]]<span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring [[:en:Ms_Banks|Ms Banks]])</span> |{{Alishinda}} |- |"OGB4IG" – [[:en:Reminisce_(rapper)|Reminisce]] |Hakuchaguliwa |- |"Shut Up" – [[:en:Blaqbonez|Blaqbonez]] |Hakuchaguliwa |- |"Country" – [[:en:Illbliss|Illbliss]] |Hakuchaguliwa |- |"Get the Info" – [[:en:Phyno|Phyno]]<span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring [[:en:Falz|Falz]],Phenom)</span> |{{Alishinda}} |- | | | |} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za muziki wa Afrika]] 8k55czvhaush2p6fdwa9yiep1vn16w8 0 149783 1236666 1234859 2022-07-29T15:12:14Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The headies 2009''', Toleo la nne la [[Tuzo]] za Dunia zaHip Hop liliandaliwa na Banky W. na Kemi Adetiba. Ilifanyika Mei 16, 2009, katika Kituo cha Mikutano cha Kimataifa huko [[Abuja]], Toleo la nne la Tuzo za Dunia za Hip Hop liliandaliwa na Banky W. na Kemi Adetiba.Ilifanyika Mei 16, 2009, katika Kituo cha Mikutano cha Kimataifa huko [[Abuja]], [[Nigeria]]. Tuzo hizo ziliandaliwa nje ya [[Jimbo la Lagos|Lagos]] kwa mara ya kwanza. 9ice alishinda jumla ya tuzo tatu kutoka kwa uteuzi sita. [[Tuzo]] hizo ziliandaliwa nje ya [[Lagos]] kwa mara ya kwanza. 9ice alishinda jumla ya tuzo [[tatu]] kutoka kwa uteuzi wa [[sita]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Tuzo za muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za muziki wa Afrika]] adjca2wd6tnqh8beb6tu9hpo9vlt116 0 149804 1236826 1223254 2022-07-30T11:25:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.9 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Msitu na Mkondo''' lilikuwa jarida lililohusisha uwindaji, uvuvi, na shughuli nyingine za nje nchini Marekani. Jarida hili lilianzishwa mnamo Agosti mwaka 1873 na Charles Hallock. Wakati wa kughairiwa kwake mnamo mwaka 1930 lilikuwa gazeti la tisa kongwe ambalo bado lilikuwa linatolewa nchini Marekani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Forest, Field & Stream - TIME|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,739586,00.html|work=web.archive.org|date=2007-10-19|accessdate=2022-05-07|archivedate=2011-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226045616/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,739586,00.html}}</ref> Iilichapishwa katika Jiji la New York na Hallock katika muundo wa gazeti la 16" x 11", zilichapishwa nakala nyingi za "Nessmuk" (George W. Sears) katika miaka ya 1880 ambazo zilisaidia katika kuenezwa kwa michezo ya mitumbwi, maziwa ya Adirondack, ziara za kambi za mitumbwi inayojiongoza pamoja na kambi ya mwanga wa juu. Gari la mapema la uhifadhi, Misitu na Mkondo ilijitolea kwa uhifadhi wa wanyamapori, ilisaidia kuzindua Jumuiya ya Kitaifa ya Audubon, Alikuwa ni mfadhili wa mapema wa harakati za mbuga ya kitaifa, na aliunga mkono Sheria ya Mkataba wa Ndege Wanaohama wa U.S.-Canada ya 1918. Mwanasayansi wa mambo ya asili George Bird Grinnell alikuwa mhariri kwa miaka 35, na wachangiaji ni pamoja na Theodore Roosevelt. Mchangiaji mwingine mashuhuri alikuwa Theodore Gordon, ambaye kwa muda mrefu alifikiriwa kuwa "baba wa uvuvi wa inzi wa Marekani," ambaye alianza kuandika kwa ajili ya gazeti hilo mwaka wa 1903. Jarida hili liliunganishwa na Field and Stream mwaka wa 1930. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Ekolojia]] [[Jamii:Biolojia]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Mataifa]] [[Jamii:Mazingira]] [[Jamii:Wiki4HumanRights USW]] 1whjefv2kodll6tlpx8wd1efzxpmxth 0 150035 1236664 1234883 2022-07-29T15:07:13Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chamsia Sagaf''' (alizaliwa [[1955]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Komori|Comoro]] ambaye anaimba huko [[Shikomor|Shingazidja]] . == Maisha == '''Sagaf''' alizaliwa katika visiwa vya Comoro na anajulikana kwa kuimba kuhusu [[wanawake]] na [[watoto]]. Aliimba kwa mara ya kwanza katika vyama vya wanawake katika miaka ya [[1970]] na ametengeneza albamu tatu. <ref name="com">[http://www.abidjan.net/qui/profil.asp?id=581 Chamsia Sagaf], Abidjan.net, Retrieved 10 February 2016</ref> Ameishi Ufaransa tangu [[1975]]. Ameolewa na ana watoto watano. Mnamo [[2003]], aliteuliwa kuwania taji la mwimbaji bora [[Afrika Mashariki]]. <ref name="bit">{{Cite web|title=Chamsia SAGAF|url=https://www.comores-online.com/mwezinet/musique/sagaf.htm|accessdate=2020-06-10|work=www.comores-online.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] 8r9w6ev2di5lncic2gaztemv7hcriy8 0 150064 1236652 1235463 2022-07-29T14:48:58Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |Jina la kuzaliwa=Sarah Mukethe Kiatine|Asili yake=[[Nairobi]], Kenya|Jina=Monski|Img=MONSKI PERFORMING.jpg|Amezaliwa=8 Februari 1994|Miaka ya kazi=2014–Sasa|Kazi yake=Mwanamuziki wa Rap}} '''Sarah Mukethe Kiatine''' (alizaliwa [[8 Februari]] [[1994]]), anayejulikana zaidi kwa [[Jina la kisanii|jina lake la kisanii]] '''Monski''', ni rapa wa hip hop wa [[Kenya]], mwimbaji na mtunzi wa nyimbo. Alitawazwa kama msanii bora wa kike wa Unkut Hip-hop wa mwaka wa [[2019]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/unkut-africa-hip-hop-awards-2019-all-nominees|title=Unkut Africa Hip-hop Awards 2019|date=5 December 2019|publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/kenya/the-star-kenya/20200121/282630329609237|title=Unkut Hip Hop Award winners celebrated|work=[[The Star (Kenya)]]|accessdate=January 20, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biggestkaka.co.ke/the-top-best-prolific-female-rappers-in-kenya-in-2019-thus-far/|title=the top best, prolific female rappers in Kenya in 2019 thus far|date=13 November 2019}}</ref> == Maisha == '''Monski''' alizaliwa [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] kwenye gari wakati mama yake akielekea hospitali ya Pumwani. Yeye ni [[Wakamba|Akamba]] na aliachwa yatima akiwa na umri mdogo. Monski alisoma shule ya msingi ya Baba Dogo, shule ya msingi ya St Benedict na Shule ya Msingi ya Beadom jijini Nairobi, kisha akasomea shule ya sekondari ya juu ya Kyangala huko [[Machakos]], ambapo aligundua uwezo wake wa kurap na kuboresha kipawa chake, akifuatilia muziki kama taaluma baada ya shule ya upili.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://imaruby.wordpress.com/2017/05/23/7-random-facts-about-kenyan-rapper-monski/|title=7 random facts about Kenyan rapper monski|date=23 May 2017}}</ref> == Kazi == Kazi yake ya kurekodi ilianza [[2014]] baada ya kurekodi na kupakia seti ya demos kwenye SoundCloud na kupokea maoni chanya na maombi kutoka kwa mashabiki na nyimbo zake zilichezwa kwenye vipindi vya redio vya hip-hop vya Kenya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sde.co.ke/pulse/article/2001342892/fine-figure-vicious-verse-11-rappers-upsetting-the-status-quo|title=Fine Figure Vicious Verse|work=[[The Standard (Kenya)]]|accessdate=January 21, 2020}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa [[2017]], ''Jarida la Pulse'' (Standard Media Kenya) lilimworodhesha kama mmoja wa wasanii wapya wa hip hop wanaotarajiwa kuzingatiwa mwaka ujao. Alikuwa rapper wa kwanza wa kike kutoka Kenya kutumbuiza katika Tamasha la kila mwaka la Nyege Nyege <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nyegenyege.com/2018-artist-line-up/|title=Nyege Nyege 2018 Artist line up|accessdate=2022-05-11|archivedate=2022-05-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510085348/https://nyegenyege.com/2018-artist-line-up/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.residentadvisor.net/events/1045934|title=new female rap sensation Monski. Uganda|accessdate=2022-05-11|archivedate=2020-02-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201012407/https://www.residentadvisor.net/events/1045934}}</ref> nchini Uganda. Monski anaelezea muziki wake kama rap chipukizi <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9JXxoFsBe5W---7iFEkNzw|title=Monski on Youtube|work=youtube}}</ref> . Mnamo [[2019]] alichaguliwa kama mmoja wa wasanii wa Mr Eazis empawa 100, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tangazamagazine.com/features/2019/8/29/the-empawa100-finalists-from-kenya-you-might-have-missed|title=The #EMPAWA100 Finalists From Kenya You Might Have Missed|date=2019-08-29|work=Tangaza Magazine|publisher=Tangaza Magazine}}</ref> mpango wa kukuza talanta ili kukuza na kusaidia wasanii wanaokua Afrika. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/arts/2019/08/21/mr-eazi-on-a-global-campaign-to-mentor-and-funding-african-artists/|title=Mr Eazi On A Global Campaign To Mentor And Fund African Artists|author=Mwendera|first=Karen|date=2019-08-21|work=Forbes Africa|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-08-21}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsAQtC7XLcM|title=Monski Moving official video|work=Youtube|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-08-21}}</ref> Mnamo Desemba [[2020]] alitoa Albamu ya kwanza 'Gold'. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/profiles/2001385383/top-young-artistes-kenyans-should-pay-more-attention-to|work=standardmedia|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-10-21|title=Top young artistes Kenyans should pay more attention to}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1994]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Muziki nchi kwa nchi]] skz7b7np980f8ljcn1gdefowryoslvi 0 150069 1236651 1235078 2022-07-29T14:46:45Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |Background=Mwanamuziki|Jina=Muroki|Img=Muroki 20201017 205033.jpg|Jina la kuzaliwa=Muroki Mbote Wa Githinji|Amezaliwa=Decemba 2021|Kazi yake=Mwanamuziki/mtunzi wa nyimbo|Miaka ya kazi=2017–sasa}} '''Muroki Mbote Wa Githinji''' (alizaliwa [[2000]]/[[2001]]), anayejulikana kwa jina moja kama '''Muroki''', ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[reggae]] kutoka [[Kenya]]-[[New Zealand]]. Mwanachama wa bendi za Cloak Bay na Masaya, Muroki alianza kama mwanamuziki wa pekee mnamo [[2019]]. Mnamo [[2021]], wimbo wa Muroki "Wavy" ulikua wimbo maarufu huko New Zealand. == Wasifu == '''Muroki''' alikulia Raglan, [[New Zealand]], na akiwa na umri wa miaka 14 aliamua kuwa mwanamuziki. <ref name="NZMusician">{{Cite web|url=https://nzmusician.co.nz/features/newtracks-new-artist-muroki/|title=NewTracks New Artist: Muroki|work=NZ Musician|year=2021|accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref> Pamoja na Lennox Reynolds, wanandoa hao waliunda kikundi cha Cloak Bay, <ref name="NZMusician" /> wakitoa nyimbo yao ya kwanza Digi ''Town na Boogie Boys'' mwaka wa [[2017]]. Mnamo 2019, Muroki alianza kuachia muziki kama mpiga besi wa bendi ya Masaya. Mnamo mwaka wa 2019, Muroki alitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza wa "For Better or Worse", ambao ulivutia sana mwanamuziki wa New Zealand Benee, ambaye alikuwepo wakati wa podcast ya [[Elton John]] ya ''Rocket Hour'' . <ref name="Massive">{{Cite web|url=https://www.massivemagazine.org.nz/articles/muroki-on-how-an-instagram-dm-changed-his-life|title=Muroki on how an Instagram DM changed his life|first=Micah|author=Davis-Rae|work=Massive Magazine|date=3 May 2021|accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref> Benee baadaye aliwasiliana na Muroki kupitia [[Instagram]], na kumwomba aigize kama kitendo cha kumuunga mkono katika ziara yake ya New Zealand mwishoni mwa [[2020]]. <ref name="BeneeSpark">{{Cite web|url=https://tearaway.co.nz/in-review-benee-at-spark-arena/|title=In Review: Benee at Spark Arena|first=Hazel|author=Reid|work=Tearaway Magazine|date=17 October 2020|accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref> Mnamo Oktoba 2020, Benee alimsaini Muroki kama mwanamuziki wa kwanza kwenye Olive Records, lebo yake ya kibinafsi. <ref name="Spinoff">{{Cite web|url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/music/09-10-2020/benee-launches-a-record-label|title=Cultured! Musician Muroki on the origins of his sunny, surfy sound|first=Josie|author=Adams|work=The Spinoff|date=9 October 2020|accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref> <ref name="GQAu">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gq.com.au/entertainment/music/gq-muroki-interview/news-story/4d91edd55d6102b2458a6962120fd1c9|title=Cultured! Musician Muroki on the origins of his sunny, surfy sound|first=Amy|author=Campbell|work=GQ Australia|date=11 October 2021|accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref> Mnamo Aprili [[2021]], Muroki alitoa ''Dawn'', listi ya nyimbo ambayo alilifanyia kazi kwa mwaka mmoja pamoja na watayarishaji Josh Fountain na Djeisan Suskov . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.massivemagazine.org.nz/articles/muroki-on-how-an-instagram-dm-changed-his-life|title=Muroki on how an Instagram DM changed his life|first=Micah|author=Davis-Rae|work=Massive Magazine|date=3 May 2021|accessdate=5 December 2021}}Davis-Rae, Micah (3 May 2021). [https://www.massivemagazine.org.nz/articles/muroki-on-how-an-instagram-dm-changed-his-life "Muroki on how an Instagram DM changed his life"]. ''Massive Magazine''. Retrieved5 December</ref> Wimbo wa kwanza kutoka EP, "Wavy", ulivuma sana nchini New Zealand baadaye mwaka huo, na wakati wa Te Wiki o te Reo Māori Muroki alitoa toleo la Te Reo la wimbo huo, unaoitwa "Rehurehu". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/en_au/news/music/muroki-longs-for-home-on-bubbly-new-single-surfin-3056349|title=Muroki longs for home on bubbly new single ‘Surfin’|first=Matt|author=Doria|work=NME|date=28 September 2021|accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki nchi kwa nchi]] a46msd7u5tmqk9clf7cuhzeriw1hgtf 0 150070 1236663 1234884 2022-07-29T15:06:20Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:PatThomas2.jpg|thumb|180px|Pat Thomas, mnamo [[Mei]] [[2016]] huko [[Ljubljana]], [[Slovenia]]]] '''Pat Thomas''' ([[jina]] la kuzaliwa '''Nana Kwabena Amo Mensah''' <ref>{{Cite web|title=First international release for Ghanaian legend Pat Thomas|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/first-international-release-ghanaian-legend-pat-thomas|work=Music In Africa|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-26}}</ref>; alizaliwa [[Agosti 14]], [[1946]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi]] wa [[nyimbo]] kutoka nchini [[Ghana]]. Anajulikana sana kwa kazi yake katika bendi za highlife za Ebo Taylor . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/pat-thomas-and-kwashibu-area-band|title=Pat Thomas and Kwashibu Area Band|work=Music In Africa|language=en|accessdate=2020-01-30}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == '''Pat Thomas''' alizaliwa huko [[Mkoa wa Ashanti|Ashanti]] nchini Ghana. [[Baba]] yake alikuwa [[mwalimu]] wa [[nadharia]] ya [[muziki]] na [[mama]] yake [[kiongozi]] wa bendi. == Kazi == Alianza [[kazi]] yake ya muziki katika miaka ya [[1960]] ambapo alishirikiana na ''Ebo Taylor'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=236|title=Patrick Thomas, Highlife Artist|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322015440/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=236#|archivedate=2018-03-22|accessdate=2018-04-23}}</ref> Mnamo [[1974]], aliunda bendi ya "Sweet Beans", alirekodi [[albamu]] yake ya kwanza ya ''False lover'' . Alirekodi albamu yake ya pili ya " ''Pat Thomas Introduces Marijata"'' akiwa na bendi ya Marijata. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patthomasstrut.bandcamp.com/|title=Pat Thomas homepage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220175000/https://patthomasstrut.bandcamp.com/#|archivedate=2016-12-20|accessdate=10 Dec 2016}}</ref> Baada ya [[Thaura|mapinduzi]] ya Ghana mwaka [[1979]], alihamia [[Berlin]] na baadae kuishi [[Kanada]]. Sasa anazunguka ulimwenguni kote na bendi yake ya Kwashibu Area. Mnamo [[Juni]] [[2015]] walitoa albamu ya ''Pat Thomas and Kwashibu Area Band'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.strut-records.com/pat-thomas-kwashibu-area-band/|title=Pat Thomas & Kwashibu Area Band|date=12 Mar 2015|publisher=Strut records|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220123839/http://www.strut-records.com/pat-thomas-kwashibu-area-band/#|archivedate=2016-12-20|accessdate=10 Dec 2016}}</ref> kuadhimisha miaka 50 ya kazi yake ya muziki. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shambalafestival.org/act2016/pat-thomas-kwashibu-area-band/|title=Pat Thomas & Kwashibu Area Band|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220111402/http://www.shambalafestival.org/act2016/pat-thomas-kwashibu-area-band/|archivedate=20 December 2016|accessdate=10 Dec 2016}}</ref> Thomas anajulikana kama "The Golden Voice Of Africa". == Tuzo == Mnamo [[mwaka]] [[2015]], albamu yake ya ''Pat Thomas and Kwashibu Area Band'' iliorodheshwa na [[Allmusic|AllMusic]] kama mojawapo ya "Albamu za [[Kilatini]] Zinazopendwa na [[Ulimwengu|Ulimwenguni]]". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/pat-thomas-mn0001009626/awards|title=Pat Thomas {{!}} Awards|work=AllMusic|language=en-us|accessdate=2020-01-30}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] lzlgr1lgcb6ixc0xd9699qqk21i6n7a 0 150084 1236650 1235465 2022-07-29T14:44:21Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Necessary Noize''' ni kundi la [[Muziki wa hip hop|hip hop]] la [[Kenya]] . == Asili na Wanachama Halisi == Hapo awali kundi hili liliundwa na MC/mwimbaji wa kike '''Nazizi Hirji''', mwimbaji '''Kevin Wyre''' na rapa '''Bamzigi''', ingawa Bamzigi aliondoka baadaye kwa sababu ya mizozo binafsi na lebo. Kundi hili lilianzishwa mnamo Oktoba [[2000]] na kutoa [[albamu]] yao ya kwanza mnamo 2000 chini ya Audio Vault Studios (sasa Blu Zebra). Ambayo ilikua nanyimbo kama "Clang Clang," na "La Di Da." == Ukuaji == Waliendelea kukua kwa umaarufu na baadaye wakatoa albamu ya pili ya ''Necessary Noize II: Kenyan Gal, Kenyan Boy'' mwaka wa [[2004]] ambayo ilijumuisha nyimbo maarufu za kikanda kama vile "Kenyan Gal, Kenyan Boy" na "Bless My Room" . Ingawa kimsingi wana hip hop wa kikundi hiki pia hufanya nyimbo za [[reggae]] na [[Rhythm na blues|R&B]] . Wanasifika kwa mashairi yao ya kijamii ambayo yanahusu masuala yanayoathiri vijana kama vile [[Ukimwi|UKIMWI]], dawa za [[Madawa ya kulevya|kulevya]] na [[siasa]] . == Ushirikiano == Kwa pamoja na mwanamuziki wa ragga kutoka Uganda [[Bebe Cool]], wametoa muziki kwa jina East Africa Bashment Crew . Kundi hili limeteuliwa katika tuzo za [[Tuzo za Muziki za MTV Afrika 2008|uzinduzi (2008) za MTV Africa Music Awards]] .Pia wameshirikiana na kundi la muziki la hip hop la [[Tanzania]] [[Gangwe Mobb]] na nyimbo yao inayoitwa "Tunajirusha". Wageni katika albamu yao ya kwanza ni pamoja na Mizchif kutoka [[Zimbabwe]], Jerry Doobiez wa K-South na [[Nyota Ndogo]] . <ref>[http://www.discogs.com/release/1482246 Discogs - Necessary Noize]</ref> == Tuzo == '''Alishinda:''' * Tuzo za Muziki za Kisima za 2004 - Kikundi Bora na Video Bora ya Muziki ("Kenyan Gal/Boy") na Kundi Bora la Ragga. * 2004 Tuzo za Chaguo La Teeniez <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nazizi - First lady of Kenyan music|url=https://www.sde.co.ke/article/2000112135/nazizi-first-lady-of-kenyan-music|author=Nyanga|first=Caroline|work=Standard Digital News|accessdate=2020-05-28}}</ref> * 2006 [[Tuzo za muziki Pearl of Africa|Pearl of Africa Music Awards]] (PAM Awards) - Kundi Bora (Kenya) <ref>Ugandaonline.net: [http://www.ugandaonline.net/2006 PAM Awards 2006 Winners]</ref> '''Aliyeteuliwa:''' * [[Kili Music Awards|Tuzo za Muziki Tanzania za]] [[2005]] - Albamu Bora ya Afrika Mashariki ("Necessary Noize II") <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060515123130/http://www.kilitimetz.com/2005/awards/vote.html Tanzania Music Awards - Nominees 2005]</ref> * Tuzo za Video za Muziki za Channel O za 2006 - Video bora ya reggae ("Mkenya Gal/Mvulana") <ref>africa.bizcommunity.com: [http://africa.bizcommunity.com/Article/157/66/11163.html Channel O Award nominees released]</ref> * 2007 [[Tuzo za muziki Pearl of Africa|Pearl of Africa Music Awards]] - Kundi Bora la Kenya. <ref>Ugpulse.com: [http://www.ugpulse.com/articles/daily/entertainment.asp?ID=748 PAM Awards 2007]</ref> == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.freewebs.com/kijo_wyre Wyre - Mtoto wa upendo] * [http://mtvbase.com/mtvbaseafrica.com/music/article.jhtml?backLink=profiles&id=30119466 Profaili ya MTV Base Africa: Noize ya Muhimu] {{Wayback|url=http://mtvbase.com/mtvbaseafrica.com/music/article.jhtml?backLink=profiles&id=30119466 |date=20070311001623 }} * [http://mtvbase.com/mtvbaseafrica.com/music/article.jhtml?backLink=profiles&id=75133307 Wasifu wa MTV Base Afrika: Wyre] {{Wayback|url=http://mtvbase.com/mtvbaseafrica.com/music/article.jhtml?backLink=profiles&id=75133307 |date=20070311001741 }} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Bendi za muziki wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki nchi kwa nchi]] [[Jamii:Muziki nchi kwa nchi]] cxg6g28smsws7zmbb3lwbqw7w0j25c9 0 150091 1236649 1226469 2022-07-29T14:42:08Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Princess Jully''' ( '''Lilian Auma Aoka''' <ref name="standardmedia.co.ke">{{Cite web|author=NYANGA|first=CAROLINE|title=Princess Jully: Life has not been easy|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/?articleID=2000017069&story_title=princess-jully-life-has-not-been-easy|accessdate=7 July 2014}}</ref> ) ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa benga kutoka [[Kenya]] . <ref name="Nyanga">{{Cite web|author=Nyanga|first=CAROLINE|title=Princess Jully: Life has not been easy|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/?articleID=2000017069&story_title=princess-jully-life-has-not-been-easy|accessdate=7 July 2014}}</ref> == Maisha == '''Lilian Auma''' '''Aoka''' alizaliwa katika kijiji cha Makalda huko [[Mkoa wa Nyanza|Nyanza]] Kusini, kusini magharibi mwa [[Kenya]] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nyanga|first=CAROLINE|title=Princess Jully: Life has not been easy|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/?articleID=2000017069&story_title=princess-jully-life-has-not-been-easy|accessdate=7 July 2014}}Nyanga, CAROLINE. [http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/?articleID=2000017069&story_title=princess-jully-life-has-not-been-easy "Princess Jully: Life has not been easy"] Retrieved </ref> Baba yake alifariki akiwa na umri wa wiki moja, akimuacha mama yake, mkulima mdogo, kama mlezi wa familia. Lilian alikuwa mtoto wa mwisho kati ya watoto tisa (sita walinusurika utotoni). Bibi yake, Benta Nyar Kanyamkago Nyagolima, alikuwa chifu mwanamke wa kwanza katika Mkoa wa Nyanza na mwimbaji na mwanamuziki anayeheshimika. Lilian alihudhuria shule kupitia [[Elimu nchini Kenya|kidato]] cha kwanza, mwaka wa kwanza wa shule ya sekondari nchini Kenya. Kuhusu kuwa mwanamke katika jamii ya kijiji chake, Jully alisema: == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] brtfkdchp94x7y5t88swo77y55b6234 0 150095 1236642 1235468 2022-07-29T14:33:57Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Linet Munyali''' (alizaliwa [[4 Agosti]] [[1987]]), <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hashtagsquare.co.ke/size-8-linet-munyali/|title=Linet Munyali|accessdate=21 February 2016|work=Hashtag Square|archivedate=2018-09-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930193152/http://hashtagsquare.co.ke/size-8-linet-munyali/}}</ref> kitaaluma anajulikana kama '''Size 8''', ni mwimbaji wa [[Kenya]], mtunzi wa nyimbo na [[mwigizaji]]. Size 8 anajulikana kwa nyimbo zake "Shamba Boy" na "Moto". Mnamo Aprili [[2013]], alitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza wa injili "Mateke". Kama mwigizaji, alikuwa na jukumu ndogo katika ucheshi wa kisheria ''Mashtaka'' . == Kazi == '''Munyali''' aligunduliwa na Clemo, mtayarishaji Mkenya na mwanzilishi mwenza wa [[Calif Records]], alipofanya majaribio na baadaye kutia saini kwenye Lebo ya Rekodi. Alitoa "Shamba Boy", "Silali" na "Vidonge". Kufikia Aprili 2013, alithibitisha kuwa amevuka hadi kwenye tasnia ya muziki wa injili, baada ya kuzaliwa mara ya pili, na kisha kuachia wimbo wake wa kwanza "Mateke". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.getmziki.com/tag/size-8-mateke/|title=Size 8 – Mateke|accessdate=26 February 2016|work=Get Mziki|archivedate=2018-07-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729171056/http://www.getmziki.com/tag/size-8-mateke/}}</ref> Ametoa zingine kama "Moto", <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/lifestyle/2013/10/08/size-8s-latest-gospel-video-moto/|title=Size 8’s latest Gospel video "Moto"|accessdate=26 February 2016}}</ref> "Yuko na Wewe", <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.grooveawards.co.ke/yuko-na-wewe-new-single-by-size-8-music-video/|title="YUKO NA WEWE" – NEW MUSIC VIDEO BY SIZE 8|accessdate=26 February 2016|work=Groove Theory|archivedate=2017-07-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720094845/http://www.grooveawards.co.ke/yuko-na-wewe-new-single-by-size-8-music-video/}}</ref> "Jemedari" <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://naibuzz.com/2014/12/31/size-8-releases-a-new-hit-song-jemedari-yale-ametenda/|title=Size 8 Releases A New Hit Song "Jemedari" (Yale Ametenda)|accessdate=26 February 2016|work=NaiBuzz|archivedate=2017-05-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511200304/http://naibuzz.com/2014/12/31/size-8-releases-a-new-hit-song-jemedari-yale-ametenda}}</ref> na "Afadhali Yesu". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://oygkmagazine.com/v1/?p=2216|title=OYGK Music Video Debut: Size 8 – Afadhali Yesu|accessdate=26 February 2016|work=OYGK Magazine}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == '''Size 8''' ameolewa na Samwel Muraya, anayejulikana kama DJ Mo, mchezaji wa [[Disc jockey|diski]] mnamo Septemba [[2013]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2013/10/size-8-and-system-units-dj-mo-in-secret-wedding/|title=Size 8 and System Unit’s DJ MO in secret wedding|accessdate=26 February 2016|work=The Net|archivedate=2017-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205062945/http://thenet.ng/2013/10/size-8-and-system-units-dj-mo-in-secret-wedding/}}</ref> Kwa pamoja wana watoto wawili: binti Ladasha Belle Muraya <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/m/story.php?articleID=2000182749|title=POPULAR GOSPEL SINGER SIZE 8 REVEALS THE NAME OF HER BABY GIRL|accessdate=26 February 2016|work=Standard Media}}</ref> aliyezaliwa tarehe [[19 Novemba]] [[2015]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://standardmedia.co.ke/m1/story.php?articleID=2000183006&story_title=It-s-a-girl-Celebrity-couple-Size-8-and-Dj-Mo-welcomes-baby-girl|title=IT'S A GIRL! CELEBRITY COUPLE SIZE 8 AND DJ MO WELCOMES BABY GIRL|accessdate=26 February 2016|work=Standard Media}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=19 November 2015|first=Brian|author=Okoth|url=https://citizentv.co.ke/entertainment/size-8-and-dj-mo-welcome-bouncing-baby-girl-106640/|title=Size 8 and DJ Mo welcome bouncing baby girl|accessdate=26 February 2016|work=[[Citizen TV|Citizen Digital]]}}</ref> na mwana Samuel Muraya Jnr. alizaliwa tarehe [[12 Novemba]] [[2019]]. Mama yake Esther Njeri Munyali, <ref>{{Cite web|date=20 November 2015|first=David|author=Mwangi|url=http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2015/11/20/musician-size-8s-mother-passes-away_c1246851|title=Musician Size 8's mother passes away|accessdate=26 February 2016|work=The Star}}</ref> alifariki kutokana na ugonjwa unaohusiana na figo, siku moja baada ya kujifungua binti yake wa kwanza. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/life/a-day-after-delivering-baby-size-8-loses-her-mum/|title=SIZE 8 LOSES HER MUM A DAY AFTER DELIVERING BABY|accessdate=26 February 2016|work=Nairobi News}}</ref> Mnamo [[Oktoba]] [[2021]], size 8 na mumewe walipoteza mtoto wao kwa Ujauzito kuharibika. <ref>{{Citation|title=GOD IS GOOD...ALL THE TIME|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orYJhnGJ4b0|language=en|access-date=2021-11-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Nairobi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Muziki nchi kwa nchi]] onlocafr1qptr1xgcy5z77gw5clyc1l 0 150100 1236662 1234887 2022-07-29T15:04:16Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Flag_of_Mali.svg|alt=|thumb| [[Bendera]] ya [[nchi]] ya Mali]] '''Fanta Damba''' (alizaliwa [[1938]] huko [[Mkoa wa Segou|Ségou]] ) ni djemusoso ([[mwimbaji]] wa kike wa [[Wabambara|Kibambara]], Griot) wa nchini [[Mali]] alijulikana kwa mashabiki wake kama ''La Grande Vedette Malienne'' . Damba alikuwa [[mwanamuziki]] mzuri wa Mali aliyezaliwa katika [[familia]] ya Jeli, ambayo mara nyingi huitwa Griots. <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Ngaraya: Women and musical mastery in Mali|last=Duran|first=Lucy|year=2007|location=United kingdom|pages=571}}</ref> Alianza kuimba akiwa mtoto huku akiwa amezungukwa na familia iliyojaa wanamuziki. '''Damba''' alianza kurekodi akiwa na miaka ishirini na moja na radio Mali . Fanta alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake maarufu zaidi wa Mali kutoka [[1960]]-[[1970]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Jelimusow: the superwoman of Malian music|last=Duran|first=Lucy|pages=202, 203, 204}}</ref> Mnamo [[1975]], alikua djemusoso wa kwanza kwenda [[Ulaya]] peke yake na pia alijulikana kwa kutumbuiza katika tamasha la kitaifa la Mali la Tamasha la Sanaa na Utamaduni la Kiafrika lililofanyika [[Lagos]] mnamo [[1977]]. <ref name=":0" /> Alituzwa kwa kipaji chake kwa kutajwa kuwa ni Ngara, ambapo kwa kawaida humtambua kuwa mwanamuziki mahiri. <ref name=":0" /> Wanamuziki wengi wanatamani kuwa Ngara, lakini ni wachache sana waliokuwa na cheo hicho. <ref name=":0" /> Ili Griot atambulike kuwa ni Ngara, ni lazima mtu ahesabiwe kuwa ana ujasiri mkubwa, ana ujuzi, uzoefu, nidhamu na ni mwanamuziki aliyefanikiwa kwa kawaida zaidi ya miaka arobaini. Inachukuliwa kuwa zawadi ambayo wanamuziki wengi wanatambuliwa kuwa nayo katika umri mdogo. Ngara pia huwa na sauti kali, sauti ya kati ambayo inaweza kudhibiti umati kwa hisia. <ref name=":1" /> Wanawake wa Mali kama vile Fanta walijulikana kwa uimbaji wao wa sifa na hawakupiga ala mbalimbali tofauti na wanaume. <ref name=":0" /> Aliwatia moyo wanamuziki wengine maarufu wa Mali kama vile Yousou NDour. <ref name=":1" /> Wanamuziki wa kike wa Mali kwa kawaida walipokea uangalifu zaidi na zawadi kama vile magari, nyumba, vito na dhahabu kuliko wanamuziki wa kiume wa Mali. Waliwakilishwa kupitia [[vyombo vya habari]], matamasha, masoko, na walionekana kuwa nyota. <ref name=":0" /> Fanta alistaafu kama mwigizaji mwaka [[1985]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p28542/biography|pure_url=yes}}|title=Biography: Fanta Damba|author=Huey|first=Steve|accessdate=9 May 2010}}</ref> == Orodha ya kazi za muziki == * ''Première anthologie de la Musique malienne, gombo la 6.'' ''La jadi epique'' ([[1971]]), Bärenreiter-Musicaphon - LP * ''La grande vedette malienne'' ([[1975]]), Songhoï Records - LP avec Batourou Sekou Kouyaté * ''Hamet'' (1975), Songhoï Records - LP avec Batourou Sekou Kouyaté * ''Ousmane Camara'' (1975), Songhoï Records - LP avec Batourou Sekou Kouyaté * ''Sékou Semega'' ([[1977]]), Songhoï Records - LP avec Batourou Sekou Kouyaté * ''Bahamadou Simogo'' (1980), Celluloid - LP * ''Fanta Damba'' ([[1981]]), Sonodisc - LP * ''Fanta Damba'' ([[1982]]), Sako Production - LP * ''Fanta Damba'' ([[1983]]), Sako Production - LP * ''Fanta Damba'' ([[1985]]), Disques Esperance - LP * ''Fanta Damba du Mali Vol. 1'' ([[2002]]), Bolibana - CD * ''Fanta Damba du Mali Vol. 2'' (2002), Bolibana - CD * ''Fanta Damba du Mali Vol. 3'' (2002), Bolibana - CD == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] 8c9i0xgz1t17jh34pe8c2vo3e5m8v58 1236783 1236662 2022-07-30T06:37:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Flag_of_Mali.svg|alt=|thumb| [[Bendera]] ya [[nchi]] ya Mali]] '''Fanta Damba''' (alizaliwa [[1938]] huko [[Mkoa wa Segou|Ségou]] ) ni djemusoso ([[mwimbaji]] wa kike wa [[Wabambara|Kibambara]], Griot) wa nchini [[Mali]] alijulikana kwa mashabiki wake kama ''La Grande Vedette Malienne'' . Damba alikuwa [[mwanamuziki]] mzuri wa Mali aliyezaliwa katika [[familia]] ya Jeli, ambayo mara nyingi huitwa Griots. <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Ngaraya: Women and musical mastery in Mali|last=Duran|first=Lucy|year=2007|location=United kingdom|pages=571}}</ref> Alianza kuimba akiwa mtoto huku akiwa amezungukwa na familia iliyojaa wanamuziki. '''Damba''' alianza kurekodi akiwa na miaka ishirini na moja na radio Mali . Fanta alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake maarufu zaidi wa Mali kutoka [[1960]]-[[1970]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Jelimusow: the superwoman of Malian music|last=Duran|first=Lucy|pages=202, 203, 204}}</ref> Mnamo [[1975]], alikua djemusoso wa kwanza kwenda [[Ulaya]] peke yake na pia alijulikana kwa kutumbuiza katika tamasha la kitaifa la Mali la Tamasha la Sanaa na Utamaduni la Kiafrika lililofanyika [[Lagos]] mnamo [[1977]]. <ref name=":0" /> Alituzwa kwa kipaji chake kwa kutajwa kuwa ni Ngara, ambapo kwa kawaida humtambua kuwa mwanamuziki mahiri. <ref name=":0" /> Wanamuziki wengi wanatamani kuwa Ngara, lakini ni wachache sana waliokuwa na cheo hicho. <ref name=":0" /> Ili Griot atambulike kuwa ni Ngara, ni lazima mtu ahesabiwe kuwa ana ujasiri mkubwa, ana ujuzi, uzoefu, nidhamu na ni mwanamuziki aliyefanikiwa kwa kawaida zaidi ya miaka arobaini. Inachukuliwa kuwa zawadi ambayo wanamuziki wengi wanatambuliwa kuwa nayo katika umri mdogo. Ngara pia huwa na sauti kali, sauti ya kati ambayo inaweza kudhibiti umati kwa hisia. <ref name=":1" /> Wanawake wa Mali kama vile Fanta walijulikana kwa uimbaji wao wa sifa na hawakupiga ala mbalimbali tofauti na wanaume. <ref name=":0" /> Aliwatia moyo wanamuziki wengine maarufu wa Mali kama vile Yousou NDour. <ref name=":1" /> Wanamuziki wa kike wa Mali kwa kawaida walipokea uangalifu zaidi na zawadi kama vile magari, nyumba, vito na dhahabu kuliko wanamuziki wa kiume wa Mali. Waliwakilishwa kupitia [[vyombo vya habari]], matamasha, masoko, na walionekana kuwa nyota. <ref name=":0" /> Fanta alistaafu kama mwigizaji mwaka [[1985]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p28542/biography|pure_url=yes}}|title=Biography: Fanta Damba|author=Huey|first=Steve|accessdate=9 May 2010}}</ref> == Orodha ya kazi za muziki == * ''Première anthologie de la Musique malienne, gombo la 6.'' ''La jadi epique'' ([[1971]]), Bärenreiter-Musicaphon - LP * ''La grande vedette malienne'' ([[1975]]), Songhoï Records - LP avec Batourou Sekou Kouyaté * ''Hamet'' (1975), Songhoï Records - LP avec Batourou Sekou Kouyaté * ''Ousmane Camara'' (1975), Songhoï Records - LP avec Batourou Sekou Kouyaté * ''Sékou Semega'' ([[1977]]), Songhoï Records - LP avec Batourou Sekou Kouyaté * ''Bahamadou Simogo'' (1980), Celluloid - LP * ''Fanta Damba'' ([[1981]]), Sonodisc - LP * ''Fanta Damba'' ([[1982]]), Sako Production - LP * ''Fanta Damba'' ([[1983]]), Sako Production - LP * ''Fanta Damba'' ([[1985]]), Disques Esperance - LP * ''Fanta Damba du Mali Vol. 1'' ([[2002]]), Bolibana - CD * ''Fanta Damba du Mali Vol. 2'' (2002), Bolibana - CD * ''Fanta Damba du Mali Vol. 3'' (2002), Bolibana - CD == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Mali]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] hajzpcxu2m6lwusrui29uofhdug0zsx 0 150167 1236661 1234890 2022-07-29T15:02:11Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |Jina=Dina El Wedidi|Img=Dina El Wedidi 2015.jpg|Asili yake=Giza, Egypt|Tovuti={{URL|dinaelwedidi.com}}|Jina la kuzaliwa=Dina El Wedidi}} '''Dina El Wedidi''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Wamisri|Kimisri]], mtunzi, mpiga [[gitaa]], mtayarishaji wa muziki, na msimulizi wa [[hadithi]]. <ref name="egyptindependent">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/bands-watch-dina-el-wedidi|title=Bands to Watch: Dina El Wedidi|publisher=Egypt Independent|accessdate=2013-10-25}}</ref> Dina amejulikana kama wanamuziki ambao wametumbuiza sana katika miaka 2 iliyopita, wakichanganya mitindo ya muziki ya [[Misri]] na na Mataifa mengine. == Maisha == '''Wedidi''' alizaliwa na kukulia huko [[Giza (Misri)|Giza]], [[Misri]] . Alisomea [[Fasihi|Fasihi ya Mashariki]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Cairo, ambako alihitimu mwaka [[2008]], <ref name="english.ahram">{{Cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/33/44550/Arts--Culture/Music/Egypts-Dina-ElWedidi-joins-legendary-Brazilian-art.aspx|title=Egypt's Dina El-Wedidi joins legendary Brazilian artist Gilberto Gil - Music - Arts & Culture - Ahram Online|publisher=English.ahram.org.eg|accessdate=2013-10-25}}</ref> kisha akatumia muda fulani kufanya kazi kama [[Tafsiri|mfasiri]] na mwongozo wa watalii nchini Misri. <ref name="english.ahram" /> '''Wedidi''' aligundua mapenzi yake ya muziki baada ya kujiunga na Kikundi cha Theatre cha El Warsha mnamo 2008, <ref name="english.ahram2">{{Cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/33/44550/Arts--Culture/Music/Egypts-Dina-ElWedidi-joins-legendary-Brazilian-art.aspx|title=Egypt's Dina El-Wedidi joins legendary Brazilian artist Gilberto Gil - Music - Arts & Culture - Ahram Online|publisher=English.ahram.org.eg|accessdate=2013-10-25}}</ref> ambapo alijifunza kuimba aina mbalimbali za muziki wa kitamaduni kwa usaidizi wa mwalimu wake Maged Soliman. Kisha aliamua kuondoka El Warsha na kuanza kuchunguza uwezo kamili wa sauti yake. Pia alishiriki katika warsha nyingi za wanamuziki wa kujitegemea nchini Misri na kwingineko, akiwemo mwanamuziki wa Misri aliyeshinda tuzo ya [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]] [[Fathy Salama]] na mwimbaji-mtunzi wa nyimbo Kamilya Jubran. <ref name="egyptindependent2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/bands-watch-dina-el-wedidi|title=Bands to Watch: Dina El Wedidi|publisher=Egypt Independent|accessdate=2013-10-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za muziki wa Afrika]] ikvdatb0mqt3542xm8ahxwie9ftg03m 0 150169 1236659 1234891 2022-07-29T14:58:23Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Hisham (Mohammad Abbas)''' ( arabic ; alizaliwa [[Septemba 13]], [[1963]]), anayejulikana kama '''Hisham Abbas''' [heˈʃæːm ʕæbˈbæːs], ni mwimbaji wa pop wa [[Wamisri|Misri]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa wimbo wake wa hit " Habibi Dah (Nari Narain) " na wimbo wake wa kidini " Asmaa Allah al-husna ". == Wasifu == '''Hisham Abbas''' alizaliwa huko [[Kairo|Cairo]], [[Misri]]. Alipata elimu yake ya msingi katika shule ya Dar El Tefl. Baadaye alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Marekani huko Cairo na kuhitimu na shahada ya uhandisi wa mitambo. Kazi ya Abbas ilichanua baada ya kutoa nyimbo kadhaa. Alipata umaarufu mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[1990]] kwa vibao vilivyofaulu kama vile "Wana Wana Wana", "Eineha El Sood", "Ta'ala", "Ya Leila", "Shoofi" na kibao chake kilichofaulu zaidi, " Habibi Dah (Nari Narain) " akishirikiana na mwimbaji wa Kihindi Jayashri . Kwa sasa ana Albamu 10 za studio kwa mkopo wake. Alipokea tuzo kadhaa, maarufu zaidi ikiwa ni Tuzo la Wimbo wa Kiarabu la Orbit mnamo 1997. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dailystaregypt.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=9047 |title=Daily Star Egypt |accessdate=2022-05-13 |archivedate=2012-02-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225111220/http://www.dailystaregypt.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=9047 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Misri]] n7g8yk628b8ip0wyz4r2qtw19djpake 1236660 1236659 2022-07-29T14:59:48Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Hisham (Mohammad Abbas)''' ( arabic ; alizaliwa [[Septemba 13]], [[1963]]), anayejulikana kama '''Hisham Abbas''' [heˈʃæːm ʕæbˈbæːs], ni [[mwimbaji]] wa pop wa [[Wamisri|Misri]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa wimbo wake wa hit " Habibi Dah (Nari Narain) " na wimbo wake wa kidini " Asmaa Allah al-husna ". == Wasifu == '''Hisham Abbas''' alizaliwa huko [[Kairo|Cairo]], [[Misri]]. Alipata elimu yake ya msingi katika shule ya Dar El Tefl. Baadaye alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Marekani huko Cairo na kuhitimu na shahada ya uhandisi wa mitambo. Kazi ya Abbas ilichanua baada ya kutoa nyimbo kadhaa. Alipata umaarufu mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[1990]] kwa vibao vilivyofaulu kama vile "Wana Wana Wana", "Eineha El Sood", "Ta'ala", "Ya Leila", "Shoofi" na kibao chake kilichofaulu zaidi, " Habibi Dah (Nari Narain) " akishirikiana na mwimbaji wa Kihindi Jayashri . Kwa sasa ana Albamu 10 za studio kwa mkopo wake. Alipokea tuzo kadhaa, maarufu zaidi ikiwa ni Tuzo la Wimbo wa Kiarabu la Orbit mnamo 1997. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dailystaregypt.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=9047 |title=Daily Star Egypt |accessdate=2022-05-13 |archivedate=2012-02-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225111220/http://www.dailystaregypt.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=9047 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Misri]] b786rmklvlce8z8ah322r7veqvxcjr6 0 150205 1236658 1234910 2022-07-29T14:55:58Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angel Wanjiru Ngugi''' (alizaliwa [[2003]]) ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa nchini [[Kenya]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-45864928/kenyan-schoolgirl-angel-overcomes-bullies-to-pursue-dream-of-music-career|title=Accept yourself just as you are|work=BBC News|language=en|accessdate=2019-12-21}}</ref>. Mnamo [[16 Desemba]] [[2019]], alipokea tuzo ya MTM nchini [[Uingereza]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2019-12-17-anne-ngugis-daughter-wins-prestigious-award-in-uk/|title=Anne Ngugi's daughter wins prestigious award in UK|author=Nyota|first=Caren|date=17 December 2019|work=The Star|language=en-KE|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2019-12-21}}</ref> == Wasifu == '''Wanjiru''' alizaliwa akiwa na ugonjwa wa kuzaliwa unaoitwa ''hydrocephalus''. [[Mama]] yake ni Anne Ngugi, mtangazaji wa [[BBC]] nchini Kenya. Kutokana na hali yake hiyo, ana kichwa kikubwa kuliko watu wengine. Hali yake inamuweka kwenye uonevu mwingi, kejeli na matatizo ya kiafya. Hata hivyo, alitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza uitwao ''Nataka Jua,'' (ukimaanisha, ''nataka kujua'' ) mwaka [[2016]] na akatoa [[albamu]] yake ya kwanza akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka 14. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sde.co.ke/article/2001299529/anne-ngugi-s-daughter-in-new-collabo-featured-in-niko-sawa|title=Anne Ngugi's daughter in new collabo, featured in 'Niko sawa'|author=Muli|first=Davis|work=Standard Digital News|accessdate=2019-12-21}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://businesstoday.co.ke/anne-ngugis-daughter-wows-internet-bbc-interview/|title=TV anchor's daughter wows internet with BBC interview|work=Business Today Kenya|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-21}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lightworkers.com/young-girls-faith-rare-condition-inspires-others/|title='Never Give up': Young Girl's Faith with Rare Condition Inspires Others|work=LightWorkers|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-21|archivedate=2019-12-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221084702/https://www.lightworkers.com/young-girls-faith-rare-condition-inspires-others/}}</ref> == Orodha ya kazi za muziki == * ''Nataka Jua'' ([[2016]]) * ''Story of My Life'' ([[2019]]) == Tuzo == * [[2019]] - Alishinda tuzo katika kitengo cha Voice Achievers Award <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/43307-ex-ktn-anchor-ann-ngugis-daughter-moves-audience-powerful-speech|title=Ex-KTN Anchor Ann Ngugi's Daughter Moves Audience With Powerful Speech|author=|first=|date=|work=Kenyans|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2019-12-21}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thevoicenewsmagazine.com/press-release-the-voice-achievers-award-releases-names-of-awardees-for-2019/|title=PRESS RELEASE: The Voice Achievers Award Releases names of Awardees for 2019|work=The Voice|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-21}}</ref> * 2019 - Alipokea tuzo ya wanzilishi katika tuzo za Chaguo la MTM nchini [[Ufalme wa Muungano|Uingereza]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2003]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] spem19mg27djw8fiqcfapbsxe1cpp4b 0 150289 1236656 1234925 2022-07-29T14:54:14Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tine Cederkvist Viskær''' (alizaliwa [[21 Machi]], [[1979]]) ni [[Golikipa|goli kipa]] wa [[kandanda]] wa [[Denmark]] ambaye anachezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[kandanda]] ya wanawake wa [[Denmark]] . Katika ngazi ya klabu amecheza kwenye mashindano ya ''Damallsvenskan'' na ligi ya ''W-League'' nchini [[Australia]]. akiwa na klabu ya ''LdB Malmö''. Hapo awali alitumia miaka saba katika klabu ya ''Brøndby IF'' katika mashindano ya ''Elitedivisionen'', na kucheza jumla ya [[mechi]] 216 katika mashindano yote. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brondbyif.net/page.aspx?id=42159|title=Kampstatistik på spillere|publisher=Brøndby IF|language=Danish|accessdate=2012-10-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204125351/http://www.brondbyif.net/page.aspx?id=42159|archivedate=2014-12-04}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] s2oy7750nq2ota9medy1wm61ag69uzj 0 150291 1236654 1234963 2022-07-29T14:52:26Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Simone Carmichael''' (née '''Ferrara''' ) (alizaliwa [[7 Juni]], [[1977]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[Mpira wa miguu|kandanda]] ambaye aliwakilisha [[New Zealand]] katika ngazi ya kimataifa. <ref name="candg">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ultimatenzsoccer.com/FootballFerns/id38.htm|title=Caps 'n' Goals, New Zealand Women's national representatives|author=|publisher=The Ultimate New Zealand Soccer Website|date=|accessdate=11 June 2009}}</ref> == Kazi == '''Carmichael''' alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza akiwa na [[timu ya taifa]] ya New Zealand na kushindwa kwa mabao 1-2 na [[Kanada]] mnamo [[31 Mei]] [[2000]], na aliwakilisha New Zealand kwenye fainali za [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] mwaka [[2007]] nchini [[China]], <ref name="wwc2007">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensworldcup/china2007/teams/team=1883725/squadlist.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080713192919/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensworldcup/china2007/teams/team=1883725/squadlist.html|archivedate=13 July 2008|title=New Zealand Squad List, 2007 Women's World Cup|author=|publisher=FIFA|date=|accessdate=2008-09-22}}</ref> ambapo walipoteza dhidi ya [[Brazil]] 0-5, [[Denmark]] (0– 2) na China (0-2). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensworldcup/china2007/teams/team=1883725/statistics.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080713192924/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensworldcup/china2007/teams/team=1883725/statistics.html|archivedate=13 July 2008|title=Tournament Statistics - New Zealand|author=|publisher=FIFA|date=|accessdate=2008-09-24}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == '''Carmichael''' aliolewa manamo [[10 Aprili]] 2004. Walakini, alivalia jina lake la ujana Ferrara kwenye jezi yake kwenye Kombe la Dunia la 2007. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira nchi kwa nchi]] 527ol5uqv8qwxu0idns7y8ba8ejrzea 0 150292 1236653 1234927 2022-07-29T14:51:25Z Rajabmraja 53510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joanne''' " '''Joey''' " '''Rebecca Burgess''' (alizaliwa [[23 Septemba]], [[1979]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[Mpira wa miguu|soka]] wa kimataifa wa [[Australia]], ambaye anachezea klabu ya ''Western Sydney Wanderers'' katika ligi ya ''W-League'' nchini Australia. == Kazi == '''Burgess''' alilelewa Campbelltown na alianza kazi yake ya soka katika ligi ya ''National Soccer League'' wakati wa msimu wa [[1999]]-[[2000]] ambapo alichezea klabu ya ''NSW Sapphires''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Joanne Burgess|url=https://www.wswanderersfc.com.au/news/joanne-burgess|accessdate=2020-08-10|work=Western Sydney Wanderers FC|language=en}}</ref> '''Burgess''' alijiunga na Sydney FC katika msimu wa kwanza wa W-League. Kufuatia kipindi hicho cha mwaka mmoja, Burgess alijiunga na Brisbane Roar FC kwa miaka 5, ambapo alicheza kama [[winga]]..<ref>{{Cite web|title=Quiet achiever Burgess says farewell|url=https://www.myfootball.com.au/news/quiet-achiever-burgess-says-farewell|accessdate=2020-08-10|work=MyFootball|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] tme2oxfj7encldwljyn70r8ftqgfn9o 0 151645 1236827 1231787 2022-07-30T11:25:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.9 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Msitu wa Mchanga wa Kusini mwa Afrika''' ni msitu wa mchanga, au [[jumuiya]] ya [[Mmea|mimea]] ya misitu ya [[kitropiki]] ya misitu ya tropiki na ya tropiki yenye majani mapana yaliyokauka. Inakua kwenye matuta ya mchanga ya zamani kaskazini mwa [[KwaZulu-Natal]] na kusini mwa Msumbiji. Nchini Afrika Kusini misitu hii inajulikana tu kama Msitu wa Mchanga, huku [[Msumbiji]] ikijulikana kama Msitu wa Licuati.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ecology at Tembe Elephant National Park - article by Wayne Matthews|url=http://www.africaelephants.com/ecology.htm|work=www.africaelephants.com|accessdate=2022-06-11}}</ref> Msitu wa mchanga wa Kusini mwa Afrika ni sehemu ya eneo la [[Mosaiki|mosai]] ya misitu ya pwani ya Maputaland. === Asili === Misitu ya mchanga inadhaniwa kuwa mabaki ya misitu ya miamba ya pwani, ambayo imetenganishwa na bahari kwa zaidi ya miaka milioni moja kwani ufuo umesogea polepole kuelekea mashariki katika kipindi cha milenia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Living Library {{!}} Sand Forest {{!}} Article in Other|url=http://www.wildwatch.com/living_library/other-2/sand-forest|work=web.archive.org|date=2007-08-06|accessdate=2022-06-11|archivedate=2007-08-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806182947/http://www.wildwatch.com/living_library/other-2/sand-forest}}</ref> Matuta ya mawe yameongezeka katika uwanda wa pwani ya kusini mashariki mwa Afrika tangu Pliocene, <ref>{{Citation|title=Southern African Sand Forest|date=2021-10-09|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_African_Sand_Forest&oldid=1049077285|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-06-11}}</ref> na matukio ya mara kwa mara ya kukusanya mchanga wakati wa mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa yamesababisha kufanyiwa kazi upya kwa mchanga. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Utalii wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:KwaZulu-Natal]] dvkm2vh1ownzc0wclvo45xcagqtz3o3 0 152682 1236687 1231936 2022-07-29T17:55:18Z Benix Mby 36425 Kiungo wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeshi la Magereza Tanzania Bara''' (kwa [[kiingereza]] '''Tanzania Prisons Service''' '''TPS''') ni [[jeshi]] la [[serikali]] ya [[Tanzania]], jukumu la jeshi hili ni kutunza aina zote za wafungwa na kusimamia urekebishwaji wao. Lilianzishwa rasmi kama Idara Kamili ya Serikali mnamo tarehe 25 mwezi Agosti mwaka 1931. Kabla ya terehe hiyo, Jeshi hilo lilikuwa likifanya kazi chini ya [[Jeshi la Polisi Tanzania|Jeshi la Polisi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Historia|url=https://magereza.go.tz/index.php/historia|work=magereza.go.tz|accessdate=2022-06-21}}</ref> Jeshi hili lina makao yake makuu [[Dodoma]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=ZIARA YA MH.RAIS SAMIA SULUHU HASSAN MAKAO MAKUU YA JESHI LA MAGEREZA KWAAJILI YA UZINDUZI NA UWEKAJI WA MAWE YA MSINGI KATIKA MIRADI|url=http://www.magereza.go.tz/index.php/habari/276-ziara-ya-mh-rais-samia-suluhu-hassan-makao-makuu-ya-jeshi-la-magereza-kwaajili-ya-uzinduzi-na-uwekaji-wa-mawe-ya-msingi-katika-miradi|work=www.magereza.go.tz|accessdate=2022-06-21}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=RAIS SAMIA AWEKA MAWE YA MSINGI KATIKA MIRADI YA JESHI LA MAGEREZA MAKAO MAKUU JIJINI DODOMA|url=https://mzalendo.co.tz/2022/03/25/rais-samia-aweka-mawe-ya-msingi-katika-miradi-ya-jeshi-la-magereza-makao-makuu-jijini-dodoma/|work=Mzalendo|date=2022-03-25|accessdate=2022-06-21|language=en-US|author=mzalendoeditor}}</ref> na liko chini ya usimamizi wa [[Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Nchi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tanzania {{!}} World Prison Brief|url=https://www.prisonstudies.org/country/tanzania|work=www.prisonstudies.org|accessdate=2022-06-21}}</ref> Jeshi la Magereza wakati lilipoanzishwa liliitwa Idara ya Jela ambapo shughuli zake zilibaki kuwa zile za kikoloni za utesaji wa wafungwa pamoja na kazi ngumu bila kujali kama ni ya manufaa kwao au kwa Taifa. Miaka ya 1990 lilianzisha dira na dhima yake kulingana na kanuni na viwango vilivyowekwa Kitaifa na Kimataifa. == Historia == === Kipindi cha ukoloni wa Kijerumani === Kanuni ya Jinai ya Dola ya Ujerumani (Kwa [[kiingereza]] "''The Criminal Code Of The German Empire''" ilitoa aina mbalimbali za vifungo - yaani, vifungo vya adhabu, kufungwa, kuwekwa kizuizini kijeshi na kuwekwa kizuizini. Shughuli za magereza wakati wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani|Afrika Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] zilihusisha utesaji wa wafungwa, kazi ngumu, kubaguliwa kwa rangi na unyanyasaji.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Criminal Code of the German Empire|last=Drage|first=Geoffrey|date=1885|publisher=The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.|year=January 17, 2005|isbn=978-1584775935|author-link=}}</ref> === Kipindi cha Utawala wa Uingereza === Msingi wa kisheria wa mfumo wa magereza uliofanya kazi wakati wa uhuru wa [[Tanganyika]] unaendana na [[Tangazo la Polisi na Magereza 1919]] na [[Sheria ya Magereza ya 1921]]. Hivi vilikuwa vyombo vya kisheria ambapo [[Waingereza]] walianzisha mfumo wao wa magereza kwa eneo lililokabidhiwa kwao na [[Mkataba wa Versailles]]. Asili ya Huduma ya Magereza inaendana na vifungu muhimu zaidi vya Sheria ya 1921. Mtindo wa kibaguzi na uongozi wa utawala wa kikoloni unaweza kupatikana kutoka sehemu ya 6-8 ambapo maafisa wa magereza wanawekwa katika mpangilio. Kulikuwa na Kamishna, aliyehusika na usimamizi wa magereza katika eneo lote, na Wasimamizi waliopewa usimamizi wa kila gereza. Chini yao walikuwepo askari wa daraja la kwanza na wa daraja la pili wa magereza wa Ulaya, kisha wakaja maofisa wasaidizi wa Kiasia na wazawa, wakifuatiwa na wodi wakuu wa daraja la kwanza, la pili na la tatu, na kuteremka zaidi hadi wa wadi wa darasa la kwanza, la pili, la tatu, la nne, la tano na la sita.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Role of Prisons in Tanzania: An Historical Perspective|last=Williams|first=D|date=1980|publisher=|year=|isbn=|pages=pp. 27-37.|author-link=}}</ref> Viwango vya magereza chini ya Utawala wa Uingereza ni pamoja na: * Kutenganishwa kwa makundi mbalimbali ya wafungwa, wanaume kutoka kwa wafungwa wa kike, wafungwa wa Ulaya kutoka kwa wasio [[Wazungu]], na pia kwa kutenganisha makao ya wafungwa wa kiume chini ya umri wa miaka 16, wafungwa wahalifu wasio na hatia na wafungwa wa kiraia. * Wafungwa waliruhusiwa kutembelewa na marafiki mara moja tu katika kila baada ya miezi 3. Mfumo wa msamaha ulianzishwa ambapo wafungwa wa muda mrefu "wenye mwenendo mzuri, baada ya kukamilika kwa kifungo cha miezi sita, wanaweza kupata msamaha wa moja ya saba ya muda uliobaki wa kifungo chao." * Adhabu kwa utovu wa nidhamu kwa mfungwa kama; kupoteza msamaha, kifungo cha upweke, mlo wa adhabu, kazi ngumu na adhabu ya viboko. * Idadi kubwa ya makosa ya gereza ilitangazwa, arobaini na mbili kwa jumla, ikiwa ni pamoja na vitendo viovu kama vile kukataa kula chakula kilichowekwa na kanuni ya lishe ya wafungwa, kufanya fujo, kutema mate kwenye sakafu yoyote, kulaani, kuapa au kutoa kelele zisizo za lazima, kukashifu na kadhalika na kadhalika. * Pamoja na Sheria ya Magereza, kulikuwa na sheria tanzu inayojulikana kama Kanuni za Magereza (kwa [[kiingereza]] "''Prisons Regulations''"). Kanuni zilieleza kwa undani jinsi magereza yangesimamiwa katika eneo lote. Mnamo 1933, kulikuwa na ujumuishaji na marekebisho ya Sheria ya Magereza ambayo kimsingi ilihifadhi mfumo huu, ingawa kulikuwa na marekebisho kadhaa. Kwa mfano, chini ya kifungu cha 89, ziara kutoka kwa marafiki iliruhusiwa mara moja kwa kila mwezi, na katika sehemu ya l00, mfumo wa msamaha ulizidi kuwa wa ukarimu, msamaha wa asilimia ya hukumu iliyobaki baada ya kukamilika kwa mwezi mmoja. Neno "mlinzi wa jela wa Uropa" liliondolewa. Vinginevyo, mfumo wa magereza ulibaki kama ulivyoanzishwa, na uliendelea kufuata sheria za 1933 hadi 1967. === Zanzibar === Utawala wa magereza Zanzibar ulikuwa sawa na ule wa Tanganyika. Msimamo wa kikatiba ulitofautiana ambapo Mkaazi wa Uingereza badala ya Gavana alianzisha magereza, na Mtukufu Sultani katika Halmashauri Kuu alishiriki katika kutoa Maagizo na sheria tanzu. Hata hivyo, Amri ya Magereza ya 1933 (''Prisons Decree 1933'') , ambayo ilisimamia magereza ya Zanzibar hadi 1972, ilikuwa inaendana na Amri ya Tanganyika ya mwaka huo huo. === Tanzania: Baada ya uhuru === Sera mpya ya kusimamia usimamizi wa magereza ilitolewa. Sera iliyorekebishwa iliwekwa na Kamishna wa kwanza wa Magereza Mwafrika, [[O.K. Rugimbana]]. Kazi ya Uongozi wa Magereza ilikuwa kutayarisha sera mpya inayoendana na fikra za kistaarabu, ili kuifanya itumike sio tu kwa madhumuni ya kuadhibu bali hasa ya kuleta urekebishaji, wenye uwezo wa kuwasaidia wafungwa uwezo wa kiakili na ujuzi wa siku zijazo. Ndani ya mfumo kama huu, sera ya kupeleka wafanyakazi wa magereza katika msingi wa ujenzi wa taifa ilibidi iboreshwe. Sifa ya msingi ya sera mpya ilikuwa kupeleka kila mfungwa aliyepatikana na hatia kwenye kazi yenye tija. Hata hivyo Sheria ya Magereza ya 1967 ina alama zote za kuwa muunganisho wa Sheria ya Magereza ya 1933 na marekebisho yake. Marekebisho madhubuti ni machache. Mabadiliko haya, hata hivyo, hayakuleta uboreshaji mkubwa wa hali ya magereza kwani msisitizo ulibaki kwenye ulinzi salama. Kufungwa kwa wafungwa katika taasisi za ulinzi wa hali ya juu zilizojengwa katika miji mikuu na vituo vya wilaya, kazi ngumu na unyanyasaji. Sera hii ya magereza iliakisi msingi wake wa kifalsafa wa kulipiza kisasi na kutokuwa na uwezo uliokuwapo wakati wote ingawa enzi ya ukoloni wa Wajerumani ulioishia 1919 na enzi ya ulinzi wa Uingereza inayoishia na uhuru mnamo 1961. Kwa upande wa Zanzbar kumekuwa na mwelekeo tofauti, ingawa Zanzibar na Tanganyika ziliungana na kuunda Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania mwaka 1964. Sheria ya Magereza ya 1933 ilifutwa na Amri ya Elimu ya Wahalifu 1972 ("''Offenders Education Decree 1972''") ambayo ilidai kufuta magereza kabisa na kuanzisha [[Chuo cha Mafunzo Zanzbar]] badala yake.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rais Mwinyi akitaka Chuo cha Mafunzo zanzibar kujifunza Magereza|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/rais-mwinyi-akitaka-chuo-cha-mafunzo-zanzibar-kujifunza-magereza-3584888|work=Mwananchi|date=2021-10-15|accessdate=2022-06-21|language=en}}</ref> === Miaka ya 1970 hadi sasa === Baada ya uhuru, [[Sera mpya ya magereza]] ilitayarishwa ikikumbatia utendaji wa [[haki]] kwa wafungwa kama msingi mkuu wa sera. Lengo lilikuwa ni kuwarekebisha wahalifu kama mchango kwa usalama wa jamii. Kiutendaji, mabadiliko haya ya kifalsafa yalidhihirishwa na:- · Kuanzishwa kwa sheria mpya, [[Sheria ya Magereza ya 1967]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=PRISONS ACT {{!}} Subsidiary Legislation|url=https://www.tanzanialaws.com/subsidiary-legislation/prisons-act|work=www.tanzanialaws.com|accessdate=2022-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Refworld {{!}} Tanzania: Act No. 34 of 1967, Prisons Act, 1967|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b5394.html|work=Refworld|accessdate=2022-06-21|language=en|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref>ambayo inajumuisha nia ya [[sheria ya kimataifa]] ya kujali haki za msingi za binadamu; Kuanzishwa kwa Magereza kadhaa ya mashamba ya Wazi katika maeneo ya vijijini ambayo yaliteuliwa kuwa vituo vya ubora kwa ajili ya kutoa ujuzi wa kilimo kwa wafungwa na kusambaza huduma hizo kwa jamii zinazowazunguka; Kuanzisha vituo vya mafunzo ya ufundi stadi katika mikoa ya [[Mkoa wa Mbeya|Mbeya]] na [[Mkoa wa Morogoro|Morogoro]] kwa ajili ya mafunzo ya ujuzi kwa wafungwa. Mafunzo haya yaliunganishwa na [[VETA|Mamlaka ya Elimu na Mafunzo ya Ufundi Stadi]] ili vyeti vya wahitimu vitambuliwe; Upanuzi wa miradi ya kiuchumi ndani ya magereza ya zamani yaliyorithiwa kwa ajili ya mafunzo ya ujuzi kwa wafungwa wa muda mrefu; · Uanzishaji wa programu za elimu za ngazi mbalimbali katika magereza ikijumuisha elimu ya msingi ya watu wazima, masomo ya kawaida ya kitaaluma na elimu ya shule ya msingi kwa walioacha shule katika Magereza ya Watoto; na · Kupitishwa kwa mtaala mpya wa mafunzo kwa wafanyakazi wa magereza kulingana na mbinu mpya ambapo uzingatiaji wa haki za binadamu ulisisitizwa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tovuti Kuu ya Serikali: Jeshi la Magereza|url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/home/pages/312|work=www.tanzania.go.tz|accessdate=2022-06-21}}</ref> Pamoja na maendeleo haya mapya, hali ya magereza ilianza kupata sura ya kibinadamu zaidi na taswira ya TPS iliimarishwa sana ndani na nje ya nchi kuanzia mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1970. Hadi sasa TPS ina taasisi 126, ofisi za mikoa 21, Vyuo vya Mafunzo ya Watumishi viwili, Vituo vya Mafunzo ya Ufundi Stadi vine na Makao Mkuu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tovuti Kuu ya Serikali: Jeshi la Magereza|url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/home/pages/312|work=www.tanzania.go.tz|accessdate=2022-06-21}}</ref> Ofisi za mikoa zinatoa usimamizi wa kiutawala, hali ya kuwa Makao Makuu yanasimamia vituo vyote vya Magereza nchini.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prisons And Imprisonment In Tanzania: A Student’s Guide On The History, Key Issues And Literature|url=http://jabashadrack.blogspot.com/2017/03/prisons-and-imprisonment-in-tanzania.html|accessdate=2022-06-21|language=en-us}}</ref> Magereza yaliyo chini ya Jeshi la Magereza Tanzania Bara ni pamoja na: {| class="wikitable" |- | {| class="wikitable" |- |'''S/NO''' |'''MKOA''' |'''MAGEREZA MAKUU''' |'''MAGEREZA YA WILAYA''' |'''MAGEREZA YA KILIMO''' |'''KAMBI''' |- | rowspan="3" |1 | rowspan="3" |ARUSHA |Arusha | | | |- | | |Mang'ola | |- | |Loliondo | | |- | rowspan="4" |2 | rowspan="4" |DAR ES SALAAM |Ukonga | | |(i) Mvuti (ii) Kimbiji |- |Keko | | | |- |Segerea | | | |- | | |Wazo Hill | |- | rowspan="7" |3 | rowspan="7" |DODOMA | |Kongwa | |Mkoka |- | |Kondoa | | |- | |Mpwapwa | | |- | | |King'ang'a | |- | | |Msalato | |- |Isanga | | | |- | | | | |- | rowspan="7" |4 | rowspan="7" |IRINGA | |Iringa | |(i) Mlolo (ii) Igumbilo |- | | |Isupilo | |- | |Njombe | |(i) Ihanga (ii) Mdandu (iii) Kidewa |- | |Makete | | |- | | |Mgagao | |- | | |Pawaga | |- | | |Ludewa | |- | rowspan="8" |5 | rowspan="8" |KAGERA | |Biharamulo | |Nyarumbungu |- | |Bukoba | | |- | | |Kitengule | |- | |Muleba | | |- | | |Rwamrumba |Nkindo |- | |Ngara | | |- | |Kayanga | |Kihanga |- | | |Rusumo |<nowiki>-- —</nowiki> |- | rowspan="5" |6 | rowspan="5" |KIGOMA | |Bangwe | | |- | | |Ilagala |Burega |- | |Kasulu | |Makere |- | |Kibondo | | |- | | |Kwitanqa | |- | rowspan="4" |7 | rowspan="4" |KILIMANJARO |Karanga | | |Kifaru |- | |Same | | |- | |Rombo | | |- | |Mwanqa | |Shamba Kigonqoni |- | rowspan="5" |8 | rowspan="5" |LINDI | | |Kingurungundwa | |- | |Nachingwea | | |- | |Kilwa | |Mtanga |- |Mah. Lindi | | | |- | |Li wale | | |- | rowspan="3" |9 | rowspan="3" |MANYARA | |Babati | |Magugu |- | |Mbulu | | |- | |Kiteto | | |- | rowspan="6" |10 | rowspan="6" |MARA | | |Mugumu | |- | | |Kiabakari | |- | |Mah. Mugumu | | |- | |Tarime | | |- | |Bunda | | |- | |Musoma | |Butiama |- | rowspan="7" |11 | rowspan="7" |MBEYA | |Mbarali | | |- |Ruanda | | |Kawetele |- | | |Songwe | |- | |Tukuyu | |Kyela |- | | |Ngwala |Mkwajuni |- | |Ileje | | |- | |Mbozi | | |- | rowspan="13" |12 | rowspan="13" |MOROGORO | | |Mkono wa Mara | |- | | |Wami Kuu | |- | | |Mtego wa Simba |Mkumbo |- | | |G/Wanawake | |- | | |Wami Vijana | |- | | | | |- | | |Kihonda | |- | |Kilosa | | |- | |Mahenge | | |- | |Mah. Morogoro | | |- | | |Mbigili | |- | | |Idete | |- | | |Kiberege | |- | rowspan="5" |13 | rowspan="5" |MTWARA |Lilungu | | | |- | |Newala | | |- | |Masasi | | |- | | |Chumvi | |- | | |Namajani | |- | rowspan="7" |14 | rowspan="7" |MWANZA |Butimba | | | |- | |Geita | | |- | |Ukerewe | |Bugorola |- | |Ngudu | |Malya |- | |Magu | | |- | | |Kasungamile |Sengerema |- | | |Butundwe | |- | rowspan="7" |15 | rowspan="7" |PWANI | | |Kigongoni |Kimara |- | |Utete. | | |- | |Mafia | | |- | |Mkuza | | |- | | |Kibiti |Kopea |- | | |Kilombero | |- | | |Ubena |Mgogodo |- | rowspan="6" |16 | rowspan="6" |RUVUMA | | |Kitai | |- | | |Mkwaya | |- | |Mah. Songea | | |- | |Tunduru | | |- | | |Majimaji | |- | |Mbinga mjini | | |- | rowspan="5" |17 | rowspan="5" |RUKWA | | |Kulilankulunkulu | |- | | |Molo | |- | |Mpanda | | |- | |M/Sumbawanga | | |- | |Kitete | | |- | rowspan="4" |18 | rowspan="4" |SINGIDA | |Manyoni | |Chikuyu |- | |Singida | |Singa |- | |Kiomboi | | |- | | |Ushora |Uganda |- | rowspan="8" |19 | rowspan="8" |SHINYANGA | |Shinyanga | |Ning'hwa |- | |Maswa | | |- | |Malya | | |- | |Kahama | | |- | |Bariadi | | |- | | |Kanegele | |- | | |Matongo | |- | |Meatu | | |- | rowspan="6" |20 | rowspan="6" |TABORA |Uyui | | |Kazima Kasisi |- | |Mah. Tabora | | |- | |Nzega | | |- | |Mah.Urambo | | |- | |Igunga | | |- | | |K/Urambo | |- | rowspan="8" |21 | rowspan="8" |TANG A |Maweni | | |Mgwisha |- | |Pangani | |Mivumoni 'C' |- | |Lushoto | |Yoghoi |- | |Mah. Tanga | |Kilulu |- | |Handeni | |Kwabaya |- | | |Kwamngumi | |- | | |Mng'aro | |- | |Korogwe | |Komsala |- | |'''Jumla''' |12 |68 |46 |'''40''' |} |} == Wajibu == Majukumu ya Jeshi la Magereza ni kuchangia katika kuleta, kuendeleza na kudumisha usalama wa jamii nchini kwa kufanya yafuatayo:<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Williams|first=David|date=1980|title=THE ROLE OF PRISONS IN TANZANIA: AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29766085|journal=Crime and Social Justice|issue=13|pages=27–38|issn=0094-7571}}</ref> * Kuwahifadhi wafungwa wa aina zote wanaowekwa chini ya ulinzi halali kisheria ndani ya magereza. * Kuandaa na kutekeleza programu za urekebishaji wa wahalifu na kuwafundisha wahalifu shughuli za uzalishaji na ujuzi mbalimbali kwa njia ya vitendo na ushauri. * Kuendesha shughuli na huduma za watuhumiwa (Mahabusu) kwa mujibu wa sheria. * Kuchangia katika ushauri wa sera kuhusu uzuiaji na udhibiti wa uhalifu na urekebishaji wahalifu. == Sheria na Kanuni == Jeshi la Magereza Tanzania linaendeshwa kupitia sheria na kanuni zifuatazo: * Katiba ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, 1977 (The Constitution of United Republic of Tanzania, 1977);<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tovuti Kuu ya Serikali: Katiba|url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/home/pages/8|work=www.tanzania.go.tz|accessdate=2022-06-21}}</ref> * Sheria ya Magereza Na. 34 ya 1967 (The Prisons Act, No. 34 of 1967);<ref>{{Cite web|title=PRISONS ACT {{!}} Principal Legislation|url=https://www.tanzanialaws.com/principal-legislation/prisons-act|work=www.tanzanialaws.com|accessdate=2022-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Refworld {{!}} Tanzania: Act No. 34 of 1967, Prisons Act, 1967|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b5394.html|work=Refworld|accessdate=2022-06-21|language=en|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> * Kanuni za Kifungo cha Nje, 1968 (The Prisons (Extra Mural Employment Regulations, 1968); * Kanuni za Makosa ya Magereza, 1968 (The Prisons (Prison Offences) Regulations, 1968); * Kanuni za Uendeshaji wa Magereza, 1968 (The Prisons (Prison Management) Regulations, 1968; * Kanuni za matumizi ya Pingu, 1968 (The Prison (Restraint of Prisoners Regulations. 1968; * Sheria ya Bodi za Parole, 1994 (The Parole Boards Act, 1994; * Kanuni za Bodi za Parole, 1997 (The Parole Boards Regulations, 1997; * Sheria ya kuhamishiana Wafungwa, 2004 (The Transfer of Prisoners Act,2004; * Kanuni za kuhamishiana Wafungwa, 2004 (The Transfer of Prisoners Regulations, 2004; * Sheria ya Tume ya Haki za Binadamu na Utawala Bora, 2001 (The Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance, Act, 2001; * Sheria ya Tume ya Utumishi wa Jeshi la Polisi na Jeshi la Magereza. 1990 (The Police Force and Prisons Service Commission Act, 1990; * Sheria ya Watoto na Vijana ya Mwaka 1937, sura ya 13 (The Children and Young Persons Ordinance 1937 (Chapter 13 of the Revises Laws); * Kanuni za Watoto na Vijana (Shule Maadilisho) za Mwaka 1945 (The Children and Young Persons (Approved School) Annual Holiday) Rules, 1945); * Sheria ya Uangalizi wa Wahalifu ya Mwaka 1947, Sura ya 247 (The Probation of Offenders Ordinance, 1947 (Chapter 247 of the Revised Laws); * Sheria ya Wakimbizi ya Mwaka, 1998 (The Refugees Act, 1998); * Sheria ya Kutangaza Uangalizi wa Wahalifu, 1950 – 1961 (The Probation of Offenders Proclamations, 1950 – 1961); * Sheria ya Kima chini cha Adhabu za Makosa ya Jinai ya Mwaka 1972 (The Minimum Sentences Act, 1972); * Sheria kwa Huduma kwa Jamii, 2002 (The Community Service Regulations, 2002); * Sheria ya Utumishi wa Jeshi la Magereza Mwaka 1997 (The Prisons Service Regulations, 1997); * Sheria Utumishi wa Umma ya Mwaka 2002 (The Public Service Act, 2002); * Kanuni za Kudumu za Jeshi la Magereza, Toleo la 4 la 2003 (Prison Standing Prders (4th Edition 2003). == Viongozi == Baada ya kupatikana kwa Uhuru wa Tanzania Bara, Jeshi la Magereza liliendelea kuongozwa na Kamishna wa Magereza Muingereza, Bw. Patric. Manley hadi mwaka 1962 Jeshi hili lilipoanza kuongozwa na wazalendo. Mtiririko wa Uongozi huo ni kama ifuatavyo: #Kamishna P. Manley - 1955 – 1962 #Kamishna O.K.Rugimbana - 1962 – 1967 #Kamishna R.Nyamka - 1967 – 1974 #Kamishna Mkuu R. Nyamka - 1974 – 1978 #Kamishna Mkuu A.B Mwaijande - 1978 – 1978 #Kamishna Mkuu G.G.Geneya - 1979 – 1983 #Kamishna Mkuu S.A. Mwanguku - 1983 – 1992 #Kamishna Mkuu J.H. Mangara - 1992 - 1996 #Kamishna Mkuu O.E.Malisa - 1996 - 2002 #Kamishna Mkuu N.P. Banzi - 2002 - 2007 #Kamishna Mkuu A. N.Nanyaro - 2007 – 2012 #Kamishna Jenerali J.C. Minja - 2012 - 2017 #Kamishna Jenerali Dr. Juma A. Malewa - 2017 - 2018 #Kamishna Jenerali CGP. Phaustine M. Kasike - 2018 - 2020 #Kamishna Jenerali CGP Mej. Jen. Suleiman M. Mzee - 2020 Hadi sasa == Shirika la magereza == Shirika la Magereza lilianzishwa mwaka 1983 kwa Sheria ya Bunge namba 23 ya mwaka 1974 (the Corporation Sole Act No. 23/1974)<ref>{{Cite web|title=CORPORATIONS SOLE (ESTABLISHMENT) ACT {{!}} Subsidiary Legislation|url=https://www.tanzanialaws.com/subsidiary-legislation/corporations-sole-establishment-act|work=www.tanzanialaws.com|accessdate=2022-06-21}}</ref> chini ya kifungu cha 3(1) na kanuni zake za mwaka 1983. Shirika linazalisha mali katika mwelekeo wa kibiashara ili kupata faida na kujitegemea kiuchumi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=KAMISHNA JENERALI WA MAGEREZA SULEIMAN MZEE AKABIDHI MALORI MATATU SHIRIKA LA UZALISHAJI MALI LA MAGEREZA (SHIMA) DODOMA|url=https://issamichuzi.blogspot.com/2020/06/kamishna-jenerali-wa-magereza-suleiman.html|work=MICHUZI BLOG|accessdate=2022-06-21|author=Michuzi Blog}}</ref> Malengo ya shirika la magereza ni pamoja na: * Chombo cha urekebishaji wafungwa kuwafundisha stadi za kazi na kuwaongezea ujuzi kwa wale ambao tayari wana ujuzi. * Kuendesha shughuli zake kiuchumi na kibiashara kwa kujitegemea (Revolving fund). * Kuipunguzia Serikali mzigo wa gharama za uendeshaji wa Magereza. Shirika la magereza lina vitengo vitatu ambavyo ni Ujenzi na Ukaraba, Kilimo, Mifungo na Mazingira na Viwanda vidogovidogo. Shirika lina jumla ya miradi 27, kati ya hiyo miradi 16 ni ya kilimo na mifugo na 11 ni ya viwanda vidogo vidogo, pia zipo shughuli za mradi wa Kikosi cha Ujenzi zinazosimamiwa na shirika. '''(i) Miradi ya Kilimo na Mifugo''' {| class="wikitable" |1 |Mradi wa Maziwa KPF |- |2 |Mradi wa Nyama Mbigiri |- |3 |Mradi wa Mahindi Songwe<ref>{{Cite web|title=Magereza Mbeya yanavyotumika kurekebisha tabia ya mwanadamu|url=https://habarileo.co.tz/habari/magereza-mbeya-yanavyotumika-kurekebisha-tabia-ya-mwanadamu.aspx|work=habarileo.co.tz|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en|author=Tanzania Standard Newspapers Ltd}}</ref> |- |4 |Mradi wa Kilimo na Mifugo Kitengule |- |5 |Mradi wa Mitamba Mugumu |- |6 |Mradi wa Kilimo Mollo |- |7 |Mradi wa Kilimo Ludewa |- |8 |Mradi wa Kilimo na Mifugo Isupilo |- |9 |Mradi wa Kilimo Kiberege |- |10 |Mradi wa Kilimo Idete Morogoro |- |11 |Mradi wa Kilimo Kitai |- |12 |Mradi wa Kilimo Mkwaya |- |13 |Mradi wa Kilimo Bagamoyo |- |14 |Mradi wa Kilimo Mang’ola |- |15 |Mradi wa Kilimo Arusha |- |16 |Mradi wa Kuku Ukonga |} '''(ii) Miradi ya viwanda vidogo vidogo''' {| class="wikitable" |1 |Kiwanda cha Ushonaji Ukonga |- |2 |Mradi wa Viatu Karanga |- |3 |Mradi wa Uhunzi KPF |- |4 |Mradi wa Mbao Uyui |- |5 |Mradi wa Samani Arusha |- |6 |Kiwanda cha Seremala Ukonga |- |7 |Mradi wa Sabuni Ruanda |- |8 |Mradi wa Chumvi Lilungu |- |9 |Karakana ya Ukarabati wa Magari-Ukonga |- |10 |Mradi wa Kokoto Msalato |- |11 |Mradi wa Kokoto Wazo |} == Ushirikiano Kimataifa == Jeshi la Magereza Tanzania ni miongoni mwa wachangiaji wa Maofisa warekebishaji kwenye shughuli za utunzaji wa Amani Umoja wa Mataifa katika eneo la urekebishaji. Kuanzishwa kwa huduma hii ni katika kutimiza mkataba wa Umoja wa Mataifa kuhusu usimamizi wa urekebishaji unaohitaji nchi zinazoshiriki katika shughuli za utunzaji wa amani kutoa wataalamu wenye ujuzi wa kufufua Taasisi za Magereza zilizobomolewa katika nchi zilizopigana. Jeshi la Magereza lilianza shughuli za kutunza amani za umoja wa Mataifa mwaka 2009 kwa kupeleka Maofisa kwenye maeneo yaliyopigana kama vile [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]], [[Liberia]] pamoja na [[Sudan ya Kusini|Sudani ya Kusini]] na [[Sudan]]. Pia limeshiriki kwenye huduma nyingine za urekebishaji barani Afrika katika Programu za kubadilishana wataalamu na nchi mbalimbali kwa ajili ya Mafunzo. Nchi hizo ni pamoja na[[Malaysia]], [[Afrika Kusini]], [[Zimbabwe]] na [[Namibia]]. Jeshi la Magereza Tanzania limefanya mikataba ya Uhamishaji wa wafungwa na nchi za [[Mauritius]], [[Zambia]], [[Namibia]] pamoja na [[Thailand]]. == Tanbihi == <references /> ==Viungo vya nje== *https://magereza.go.tz/ - Tovuti ya Jeshi la Magereza Tanzania Bara *https://www.shima.go.tz/# - Tovuti ya Shirika la Magereza <br> {{mbegu-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Jeshi la Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Tanzania]] mhvmlqvh1t60ce6w9i5j9ixme46kdid 3 153438 1236725 1236224 2022-07-30T01:42:02Z Xqbot 1852 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justin yav soni]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justin yav soni]] i5xud28l01qk8j5gxpkejpg1v1qbgrx 0 153519 1236621 2022-07-29T12:12:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Image:Stand in opposition city hall boston.jpg|thumb|right|220px|''Simama katika Upinzani'' ([[Boston]], [[Marekani]]).]] '''Upinzani''' katika [[siasa]] unatokana na [[vyama vya kisiasa]] au makundi mengine ambayo hayakubali [[itikadi]] au maamuzi ya [[serikali]]. Upinzani unakuwa na kiwango tofauti kadiri ya tofauti zilizojitokeza na hali ya nchi kuwa ya [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] au ya [[dikteta|kiimla]]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Blondel|first=J|year=1...' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Stand in opposition city hall boston.jpg|thumb|right|220px|''Simama katika Upinzani'' ([[Boston]], [[Marekani]]).]] '''Upinzani''' katika [[siasa]] unatokana na [[vyama vya kisiasa]] au makundi mengine ambayo hayakubali [[itikadi]] au maamuzi ya [[serikali]]. Upinzani unakuwa na kiwango tofauti kadiri ya tofauti zilizojitokeza na hali ya nchi kuwa ya [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] au ya [[dikteta|kiimla]]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Blondel|first=J|year=1997|url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119945400/abstract|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105130352/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119945400/abstract|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-05|title=Political opposition in the contemporary world|journal=Government and Opposition|volume=32|issue=4|pages=462–486|doi=10.1111/j.1477-7053.1997.tb00441.x}}</ref>. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-siasa}} [[Category:Siasa]] 7qhdsg564xd2xs75x82i4tqsvvqwca6 0 153520 1236622 2022-07-29T12:13:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Chama cha kisiasa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[chama cha kisiasa]] 48d7m4vds5p3kln3o9kj35wzi6cd7bn 0 153521 1236623 2022-07-29T12:20:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Idara''' (kutoka [[neno]] la [[Kiarabu]]; kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''department'') ni sehemu ya [[wizara]] ya [[serikali]], [[taasisi]] au [[asasi]] kubwa inayoshughulikia jambo maalumu. Muundo wake na taratibu za kazi ni mbalimbali, kadiri ya malengo. {{mbegu-sheria}} [[Jamii:Serikali]]' wikitext text/x-wiki '''Idara''' (kutoka [[neno]] la [[Kiarabu]]; kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''department'') ni sehemu ya [[wizara]] ya [[serikali]], [[taasisi]] au [[asasi]] kubwa inayoshughulikia jambo maalumu. Muundo wake na taratibu za kazi ni mbalimbali, kadiri ya malengo. {{mbegu-sheria}} [[Jamii:Serikali]] rim5us73cps4h1x0cge3hrsg35v8t7k 0 153522 1236624 2022-07-29T13:03:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ligi''' (kutoka [[Kiingereza]]: ''league'') ni mkusanyiko wa [[timu]] za [[mchezo]] maalumu ambazo zinapambana katika daraja fulani ili kumpata [[bingwa]] kwa kutegemea wingi wa [[pointi]], [[goli|magoli]] n.k. Siku hizi ni maarufu sana ligi za [[mpira wa miguu]] za baadhi ya nchi, kama vile [[Uingereza]]. ==Marejeo== * Cain, Louis P. and Haddock, David D.; 2005; [http://people.uleth.ca/~rockerbie/CainHaddock.pdf 'Similar Economic Histories, Differe...' wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ligi''' (kutoka [[Kiingereza]]: ''league'') ni mkusanyiko wa [[timu]] za [[mchezo]] maalumu ambazo zinapambana katika daraja fulani ili kumpata [[bingwa]] kwa kutegemea wingi wa [[pointi]], [[goli|magoli]] n.k. Siku hizi ni maarufu sana ligi za [[mpira wa miguu]] za baadhi ya nchi, kama vile [[Uingereza]]. ==Marejeo== * Cain, Louis P. and Haddock, David D.; 2005; [http://people.uleth.ca/~rockerbie/CainHaddock.pdf 'Similar Economic Histories, Different Industrial Structures: Transatlantic Contrasts in the Evolution of Professional Sports Leagues'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031031909/http://people.uleth.ca/~rockerbie/CainHaddock.pdf |date=2008-10-31 }}; [[Journal of Economic History]] 65 (4); pp1116–1 {{mbegu-michezo}} [[Jamii:Michezo]] laynwxprcsunesw5kdm2mq9ea6923jt 0 153523 1236625 2022-07-29T13:32:14Z Waah9797 54518 kuunda makala mpya wikitext text/x-wiki '''June Cohen''' ni Mtayarishaji na [[Mjasiriamali]] Kutoka  [[Marekani]]. Kwa sasa ni [[Mkurugenzi]] Mtendaji wa WaitWhat, [[kampuni]] ya  habari aliyoanzisha kwa kushirikiana  na Deron Triff. WaitWhat inatengeneza  [[podikasiti]] ya [[biashara]] na [[fedha]]  kwa kushirikiana na  Reid Hoffman,Ambaye pia ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa LinkedIn. Cohen pia alikuwa mwendeshaji wa [[Podikasiti|podikast]]<nowiki/>i Sincerely X katika msimu wake wa kwanza. Mpaka Desemba 2015, alikuwa Mtayarishaji Mtendaji wa [[Vyombo vya habari|vyombo vya Habari]] vya TED  (Technology, Entertainment, Design). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Our organization|url=https://www.ted.com/about/our-organization|work=www.ted.com|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> Aliongoza juhudi za kuleta mkutano huo mtandaoni na  akazindua mfululizo TEDTalks [[podikasiti]]  mnamo mwaka  2006, mnamo 2007 TEDTalks iliundwa upya, mnamo 2009 TED ilifungua Mradi wa tafsiri, na manamo mwaka 2010 TED ilifungua mradi wa TV  na Mazungumzo ya TED mnamo 2011.<ref name=":0" />Cohen alijiunga na [[wafanyakazi]] wa TED mwaka 2005.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=TEDBios: June Cohen, Director, TED Media|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714191003/http://tedblog.typepad.com/tedbios/2005/10/june_cohen.html|work=web.archive.org|date=2012-07-14|accessdate=2022-07-29}}</ref>Pia alitengeneza saluni za TED za mwaka mzima, alihariri Blogu ya TED,  kushirikiana na kushiriki mkutano wa kila mwaka huko [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]], na msimamizi wa TED Chris Anderson. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />Anaishi [[New York City]].<ref>[http://bibliotech.stanford.edu/conf11_speakers Bibliotech Program 2011 speakers Stanford.edu Accessed 2012-07-20] iliwekwa manamo 29-07-2022</ref> [[Jamii:Marekani]] [[Jamii:Teknolojia]] [[Jamii:Vyombo vya habari]] 2o9l7x9pqclqubph3ag6ytz588i2mz0 1236628 1236625 2022-07-29T13:42:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''June Cohen''' ni [[mjasiriamali]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Kwa sasa ni [[Mkurugenzi]] Mtendaji wa WaitWhat, [[kampuni]] ya habari aliyoanzisha kwa kushirikiana na Deron Triff. WaitWhat inatengeneza [[podikasiti]] ya [[biashara]] na [[fedha]] kwa kushirikiana na Reid Hoffman, ambaye ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa LinkedIn. Cohen pia alikuwa mwendeshaji wa podikasti Sincerely X katika msimu wake wa kwanza. Mpaka Desemba 2015, alikuwa Mtayarishaji Mtendaji wa [[vyombo vya habari]] vya TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Our organization|url=https://www.ted.com/about/our-organization|work=www.ted.com|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en}}</ref> Aliongoza juhudi za kuleta mkutano huo mtandaoni na  akazindua mfululizo TEDTalks [[podikasiti]]  mnamo mwaka  2006, mnamo 2007 TEDTalks iliundwa upya, mnamo 2009 TED ilifungua Mradi wa tafsiri, na manamo mwaka 2010 TED ilifungua mradi wa TV  na Mazungumzo ya TED mnamo 2011.<ref name=":0" />Cohen alijiunga na [[wafanyakazi]] wa TED mwaka 2005.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=TEDBios: June Cohen, Director, TED Media|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714191003/http://tedblog.typepad.com/tedbios/2005/10/june_cohen.html|work=web.archive.org|date=2012-07-14|accessdate=2022-07-29}}</ref>Pia alitengeneza saluni za TED za mwaka mzima, alihariri Blogu ya TED,  kushirikiana na kushiriki mkutano wa kila mwaka huko [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]], na msimamizi wa TED Chris Anderson. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />Anaishi [[New York City]].<ref>[http://bibliotech.stanford.edu/conf11_speakers Bibliotech Program 2011 speakers Stanford.edu Accessed 2012-07-20] iliwekwa manamo 29-07-2022</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] fafeomf4rn01iwl8j48e0igkk1hf9ng 0 153524 1236626 2022-07-29T13:37:35Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Concert Band.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Bendi kubwa.]] '''Bendi''' (kutoka [[Kiingereza]] ''band'') ni [[kundi]] la [[wanamuziki]] wengi ambao wanaimba, na pengine wanapiga [[Ala ya muziki|ala]] na kucheza kwa pamoja kama [[timu]]. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category|Musical groups}} *{{NYPL Digital Gallery keyword|music|Music}} *[http://www.band-book.com/ Bands and Musician Listing] *[http://vivremusicale.org/ Vivre Musicale] {...' wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Concert Band.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Bendi kubwa.]] '''Bendi''' (kutoka [[Kiingereza]] ''band'') ni [[kundi]] la [[wanamuziki]] wengi ambao wanaimba, na pengine wanapiga [[Ala ya muziki|ala]] na kucheza kwa pamoja kama [[timu]]. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category|Musical groups}} *{{NYPL Digital Gallery keyword|music|Music}} *[http://www.band-book.com/ Bands and Musician Listing] *[http://vivremusicale.org/ Vivre Musicale] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415025912/http://vivremusicale.org/ |date=2021-04-15 }} * {{cite encyclopedia|url=https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/bands-emc|title=Music Bands|author=Helmut Kallmann|author-link=Helmut Kallmann|author2=Patricia Wardrop|author3=Jack Kopstein|author4=Barclay Mcmillan|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Music in Canada ]]|publisher=[[Historica Canada]]|date=December 16, 2013|access-date=August 19, 2019}} {{mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:makundi ya muziki]] gbj79s3wjnbkte5id178729pnf8mif9 1236627 1236626 2022-07-29T13:38:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Concert Band.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Bendi kubwa.]] '''Bendi''' (kutoka [[Kiingereza]] ''band'') ni [[kundi]] la [[wanamuziki]] wengi ambao wanaimba, na pengine wanapiga [[Ala ya muziki|ala]] na kucheza kwa pamoja kama [[timu]]. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category|Musical groups}} *[http://www.band-book.com/ Bands and Musician Listing] *[http://vivremusicale.org/ Vivre Musicale] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415025912/http://vivremusicale.org/ |date=2021-04-15 }} * {{cite encyclopedia|url=https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/bands-emc|title=Music Bands|author=Helmut Kallmann|author-link=Helmut Kallmann|author2=Patricia Wardrop|author3=Jack Kopstein|author4=Barclay Mcmillan|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Music in Canada ]]|publisher=[[Historica Canada]]|date=December 16, 2013|access-date=August 19, 2019}} {{mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:makundi ya muziki]] cppx5m4fgrudhafq3jc718p1y2x4fgz 0 153525 1236629 2022-07-29T13:52:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Doolinbody.png|thumb|Maiti ya [[Bill Doolin]], [[jambazi]] wa [[Marekani]], ambaye aliweza kutazamwa na watu wa dini kama marehemu sawa na mtu mwingine yeyote.]] '''Marehemu''' (kutoka [[Kiarabu]]) ni namna ya kumtaja mtu aliyefariki [[dunia]] kwa mtazamo wa [[imani]] wa kwamba anahitaji [[rehema]] ya [[Mwenyezi Mungu]] kwa [[maisha]] ya [[ahera]]. Ni tofauti na [[maiti]] ambayo ni [[mwili]] wake unaokwenda kuzikwa. {{mbegu-dini}} [[Jamii:Dini]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Doolinbody.png|thumb|Maiti ya [[Bill Doolin]], [[jambazi]] wa [[Marekani]], ambaye aliweza kutazamwa na watu wa dini kama marehemu sawa na mtu mwingine yeyote.]] '''Marehemu''' (kutoka [[Kiarabu]]) ni namna ya kumtaja mtu aliyefariki [[dunia]] kwa mtazamo wa [[imani]] wa kwamba anahitaji [[rehema]] ya [[Mwenyezi Mungu]] kwa [[maisha]] ya [[ahera]]. Ni tofauti na [[maiti]] ambayo ni [[mwili]] wake unaokwenda kuzikwa. {{mbegu-dini}} [[Jamii:Dini]] 93gaboionoasuc1sy7plebxbwqsc1ig 1236630 1236629 2022-07-29T13:58:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Doolinbody.png|thumb|Maiti ya [[Bill Doolin]], [[jambazi]] wa [[Marekani]], ambaye aliweza kutazamwa na watu wa dini kama marehemu sawa na mtu mwingine yeyote.]] '''Marehemu''' (kutoka [[Kiarabu]]) ni namna ya kumtaja mtu aliyefariki [[dunia]] kwa mtazamo wa [[imani]] wa kwamba anahitaji [[rehema]] ya [[Mwenyezi Mungu]] kwa [[maisha]] ya [[ahera]]. Ni tofauti na [[maiti]] ambayo ni [[mwili]] wake unaokwenda [[mazishi|kuzikwa]]. Dini mbalimbali zina taratibu za [[sala|kumuombea]] pia wakati huo na baadaye. {{mbegu-dini}} [[Jamii:Dini]] e1rogbm2tm72892dqe1n8kxcybmkuga 3 153526 1236631 2022-07-29T13:59:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:59, 29 Julai 2022 (UTC) q7i6auejzs2nmx7e6l6mk426qkq68ct 1236632 1236631 2022-07-29T13:59:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:59, 29 Julai 2022 (UTC) {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:59, 29 Julai 2022 (UTC) k3x594hg4pg7jbkeiftkpoorg78pc77 1236633 1236632 2022-07-29T14:00:19Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:59, 29 Julai 2022 (UTC) q7i6auejzs2nmx7e6l6mk426qkq68ct 0 153527 1236634 2022-07-29T14:12:35Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Picha:Vitrail Marie Rivier.jpg|thumb|Mt. Maria Rivier katika [[dirisha]] la [[kioo cha rangi]].]] '''Maria Rivier''' ([[19 Desemba]] [[1768]] – [[3 Februari]] [[1838]]) alikuwa [[bikira]] wa [[Ufaransa]] aliyeanzisha [[shirika]] la “Masista wa Maria Kutolewa Hekaluni" kwa ajili ya kuhudumia [[watoto]], hasa [[yatima]], kupata [[malezi]] ya kufaa<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91847</ref>. [[Papa Yohane Paulo II]] alimtangaza [[mwenye heri]]...' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Vitrail Marie Rivier.jpg|thumb|Mt. Maria Rivier katika [[dirisha]] la [[kioo cha rangi]].]] '''Maria Rivier''' ([[19 Desemba]] [[1768]] – [[3 Februari]] [[1838]]) alikuwa [[bikira]] wa [[Ufaransa]] aliyeanzisha [[shirika]] la “Masista wa Maria Kutolewa Hekaluni" kwa ajili ya kuhudumia [[watoto]], hasa [[yatima]], kupata [[malezi]] ya kufaa<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91847</ref>. [[Papa Yohane Paulo II]] alimtangaza [[mwenye heri]] [[tarehe]] [[23 Mei]] [[1982]], halafu [[Papa Fransisko]] alimtangaza [[mtakatifu]] tarehe [[15 Mei]] [[2022]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa kila [[mwaka]] kwenye tarehe ya [[kifo]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1838.htm Hagiography Circle] * [https://theblackcordelias.wordpress.com/2009/02/03/blessed-marie-ann-rivier-february-3/ Black Cordelias] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1768]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1838]] [[Jamii:Mabikira]] [[Jamii:Watawa waanzilishi]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Ufaransa]] i521cp71k6y23yyma56q38kiqe2feda 0 153528 1236641 2022-07-29T14:33:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''{{PAGENAME}}''' ([[karne ya 5]] - [[Chateaudun]], leo nchini [[Ufaransa]], [[4 Februari]] [[530]] hivi) alikuwa [[askofu]] wa [[mji]] [[Chartres|huo]] baada ya [[ndugu]] yake [[Solemni wa Chartres]]<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/93512</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[4 Februari]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *Watakati...' wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ([[karne ya 5]] - [[Chateaudun]], leo nchini [[Ufaransa]], [[4 Februari]] [[530]] hivi) alikuwa [[askofu]] wa [[mji]] [[Chartres|huo]] baada ya [[ndugu]] yake [[Solemni wa Chartres]]<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/93512</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[4 Februari]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 5]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 530]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Ufaransa]] 0h68ah98at2m7t9imtmgnsv6ldnjehs 1236643 1236641 2022-07-29T14:34:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ([[karne ya 5]] - [[Chateaudun]], leo nchini [[Ufaransa]], [[530]] hivi) alikuwa [[askofu]] wa 14 wa [[mji]] [[Chartres|huo]] baada ya [[kaka]] yake [[Solemni wa Chartres]]<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/93512</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[4 Februari]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 5]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 530]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Ufaransa]] bcfp1bb3smq36o3ao4xni7mb0ii3eui 0 153529 1236655 2022-07-29T14:54:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nikola wa Studion''' ([[Khania]], [[Krete]], leo nchini [[Ugiriki]], [[793]] – Kostantinopoli, leo nchini [[Uturuki]], [[4 Februari]] [[868]]) tangu [[Mtoto|utotoni]] alikuwa [[mmonaki]] aliyepelekwa uhamishoni mara kadhaa kwa nguabu ya kutetea [[heshima]] kwa [[picha takatifu]], lakini hatimaye akawa [[abati]] wa [[monasteri]] ya [[Studion]] [[Mji|mjini]] [[Konstantinopoli]] akafariki kwa [[amani]]<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/39570</ref>....' wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nikola wa Studion''' ([[Khania]], [[Krete]], leo nchini [[Ugiriki]], [[793]] – Kostantinopoli, leo nchini [[Uturuki]], [[4 Februari]] [[868]]) tangu [[Mtoto|utotoni]] alikuwa [[mmonaki]] aliyepelekwa uhamishoni mara kadhaa kwa nguabu ya kutetea [[heshima]] kwa [[picha takatifu]], lakini hatimaye akawa [[abati]] wa [[monasteri]] ya [[Studion]] [[Mji|mjini]] [[Konstantinopoli]] akafariki kwa [[amani]]<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/39570</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Waorthodoksi]] na [[Wakatoliki]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[4 Februari]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nikola wa Studion}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 793]] [[Category:Waliofariki 868]] [[Category:Wamonaki]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Ugiriki]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Uturuki]] ca6tvg3p0hdg4db4ti1v26otwzkp8cb 14 153530 1236657 2022-07-29T14:54:56Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:waliozaliwa karne ya 8]] [[Jamii:793]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:waliozaliwa karne ya 8]] [[Jamii:793]] 89p8b50id8r6b5q8s3rqkcxg24px361 0 153531 1236677 2022-07-29T16:02:21Z George0719Paul 52537 kuanzishwa kwa makala wikitext text/x-wiki Mabaki ya [[risasi]] , pia hujulikana kama mabaki ya cartridge discharge, "mabaki ya milio ya risasi", au mabaki ya kutoka kwenye [[bunduki]], yanajumuisha chembe zote zinazotolewa kutoka kwenye mdomo wa bunduki baada ya kutolewa kwa risasi. Kimsingi huundwa na chembe zilizochomwa na ambazo hazijachomwa kutoka kwenye [[kifaa]] chenyekulipuka, kichochezi( [[baruti]]), na risasi iliyoyeyuka. Kitendo cha [[kufyatua]] risasi huchochea mmenyuko mkali sana wa [[mlipuko]] ulio ndani ya mlija wa bunduki, ambayo inaweza kusababisha mlija wa risasi kukatwa. Maana mabaki ya risasi yanaweza pia kujumuisha vipande vya [[chuma]] kutoka kwenye kasha la risasi, pamoja na [[uchafu]] wowote au mabaki yaliyomo ndani ya mlija ambayo yangeweza kutolewa. [[Wachunguzi]] wa utekelezaji wa [[sheria]] husugua mikono ya watu kutafuta mabaki ya risasi ikiwa wanashukiwa kuwa walitumia bunduki wenyewe au walikuwa karibu na mmoja wao wakati wa kufyatua risasi. Mabaki ya risasi hayasafiri mbali sana kwa sababu chembe zinazozalishwa ni za ukubwa mdogo na [[uzito]] mdogo, hivyo hufanya kukosa [[kasi]]. Kulingana na aina ya kitolea risasi kitakachotumika, kwa kawaida zitasafiri si zaidi ya [[futi]] 3–5 ([[mita]] 0.9–1.5) kutoka kwenye mdomo wa bunduki. == Marejeo == * ASTM E1588-10e1, Standard Guide for GSR analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010. * E. Boehm, Application of the SEM in forensic medicine, Scanning Electron Microscopy (1971) 553-560. * M Christopher, J Warmenhoven, FS Romolo, M Donghi, R Webb, C Jeynes, NI Ward, A New Quantitative Method for Gunshot Residue Analysis by Ion Beam Analysis. Analyst, 2013, 138, 4649. == Jamii == [[Jamii:Vurugu za bunduki, Marekani]] djrqk764zsk3azpiz2knh4x6tajtwg9 1236700 1236677 2022-07-29T20:02:05Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''Mabaki ya risasi''' , pia hujulikana kama mabaki ya ''cartridge discharge'', "mabaki ya milio ya risasi", au mabaki ya kutoka kwenye [[bunduki]], yanajumuisha chembe zote zinazotolewa kutoka kwenye mdomo wa bunduki baada ya kutolewa kwa [[risasi]]. Kimsingi huundwa na chembe zilizochomwa na ambazo hazijachomwa kutoka kwenye [[kifaa]] chenyekulipuka, kichochezi( [[baruti]]), na risasi iliyoyeyuka. Kitendo cha kufyatua risasi huchochea mmenyuko mkali sana wa [[mlipuko]] ulio ndani ya mlija wa bunduki, ambayo inaweza kusababisha mlija wa risasi kukatwa. Maana mabaki ya risasi yanaweza pia kujumuisha vipande vya [[chuma]] kutoka kwenye kasha la risasi, pamoja na [[uchafu]] wowote au mabaki yaliyomo ndani ya mirija ambayo yangeweza kutolewa. [[Wachunguzi]] wa utekelezaji wa [[sheria]] husugua mikono ya watu kutafuta mabaki ya risasi ikiwa wanashukiwa kuwa walitumia bunduki wenyewe au walikuwa karibu na mmoja wao wakati wa kufyatua risasi. Mabaki ya risasi hayasafiri mbali sana kwa sababu chembe zinazozalishwa ni za ukubwa mdogo na [[uzito]] mdogo, hivyo hufanya kukosa [[kasi]]. Kulingana na aina ya kitolea risasi kitakachotumika, kwa kawaida zitasafiri si zaidi ya [[futi]] 3–5 ([[mita]] 0.9–1.5) kutoka kwenye mdomo wa bunduki. == Marejeo == * ASTM E1588-10e1, Standard Guide for GSR analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010. * E. Boehm, Application of the SEM in forensic medicine, Scanning Electron Microscopy (1971) 553-560. * M Christopher, J Warmenhoven, FS Romolo, M Donghi, R Webb, C Jeynes, NI Ward, A New Quantitative Method for Gunshot Residue Analysis by Ion Beam Analysis. Analyst, 2013, 138, 4649. [[Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Vurugu za bunduki, Marekani]] nzxv1ansj0xe979an04vscr9jrnzbjj 1236784 1236700 2022-07-30T06:39:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}}{{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Mabaki ya risasi''' (pia hujulikana kama mabaki ya ''cartridge discharge'', "mabaki ya milio ya risasi", au mabaki ya kutoka kwenye [[bunduki]]) yanajumuisha chembe zote zinazotolewa kutoka kwenye mdomo wa bunduki baada ya kutolewa kwa [[risasi]]. Kimsingi huundwa na chembe zilizochomwa na ambazo hazijachomwa kutoka kwenye [[kifaa]] chenyekulipuka, kichochezi( [[baruti]]), na risasi iliyoyeyuka. Kitendo cha kufyatua risasi huchochea mmenyuko mkali sana wa [[mlipuko]] ulio ndani ya mlija wa bunduki, ambayo inaweza kusababisha mlija wa risasi kukatwa. Maana mabaki ya risasi yanaweza pia kujumuisha vipande vya [[chuma]] kutoka kwenye kasha la risasi, pamoja na [[uchafu]] wowote au mabaki yaliyomo ndani ya mirija ambayo yangeweza kutolewa. [[Wachunguzi]] wa utekelezaji wa [[sheria]] husugua mikono ya watu kutafuta mabaki ya risasi ikiwa wanashukiwa kuwa walitumia bunduki wenyewe au walikuwa karibu na mmoja wao wakati wa kufyatua risasi. Mabaki ya risasi hayasafiri mbali sana kwa sababu chembe zinazozalishwa ni za ukubwa mdogo na [[uzito]] mdogo, hivyo hufanya kukosa [[kasi]]. Kulingana na aina ya kitolea risasi kitakachotumika, kwa kawaida zitasafiri si zaidi ya [[futi]] 3–5 ([[mita]] 0.9–1.5) kutoka kwenye mdomo wa bunduki. == Marejeo == * ASTM E1588-10e1, Standard Guide for GSR analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010. * E. Boehm, Application of the SEM in forensic medicine, Scanning Electron Microscopy (1971) 553-560. * M Christopher, J Warmenhoven, FS Romolo, M Donghi, R Webb, C Jeynes, NI Ward, A New Quantitative Method for Gunshot Residue Analysis by Ion Beam Analysis. Analyst, 2013, 138, 4649. [[Reflist}} {{tach-stub}} itkfu4xkkrwe9ryqfq7aur644etrm59 1236785 1236784 2022-07-30T06:39:58Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}}{{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Mabaki ya risasi''' (pia hujulikana kama mabaki ya ''cartridge discharge'', "mabaki ya milio ya risasi", au mabaki ya kutoka kwenye [[bunduki]]) yanajumuisha chembe zote zinazotolewa kutoka kwenye mdomo wa bunduki baada ya kutolewa kwa [[risasi]]. Kimsingi huundwa na chembe zilizochomwa na ambazo hazijachomwa kutoka kwenye [[kifaa]] chenyekulipuka, kichochezi( [[baruti]]), na risasi iliyoyeyuka. Kitendo cha kufyatua risasi huchochea mmenyuko mkali sana wa [[mlipuko]] ulio ndani ya mlija wa bunduki, ambayo inaweza kusababisha mlija wa risasi kukatwa. Maana mabaki ya risasi yanaweza pia kujumuisha vipande vya [[chuma]] kutoka kwenye kasha la risasi, pamoja na [[uchafu]] wowote au mabaki yaliyomo ndani ya mirija ambayo yangeweza kutolewa. [[Wachunguzi]] wa utekelezaji wa [[sheria]] husugua mikono ya watu kutafuta mabaki ya risasi ikiwa wanashukiwa kuwa walitumia bunduki wenyewe au walikuwa karibu na mmoja wao wakati wa kufyatua risasi. Mabaki ya risasi hayasafiri mbali sana kwa sababu chembe zinazozalishwa ni za ukubwa mdogo na [[uzito]] mdogo, hivyo hufanya kukosa [[kasi]]. Kulingana na aina ya kitolea risasi kitakachotumika, kwa kawaida zitasafiri si zaidi ya [[futi]] 3–5 ([[mita]] 0.9–1.5) kutoka kwenye mdomo wa bunduki. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} * ASTM E1588-10e1, Standard Guide for GSR analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010. * E. Boehm, Application of the SEM in forensic medicine, Scanning Electron Microscopy (1971) 553-560. * M Christopher, J Warmenhoven, FS Romolo, M Donghi, R Webb, C Jeynes, NI Ward, A New Quantitative Method for Gunshot Residue Analysis by Ion Beam Analysis. Analyst, 2013, 138, 4649. {{tech-stub}} a0f6cozmcita40i6pywa8eas1cnu8nj 0 153532 1236683 2022-07-29T16:42:26Z Why-Fi26 52551 makala mpya wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Defensive gun use training - Prague Cech Republic.jpg|thumb|295x295px|Mwanamke anajifunza matumizi ya bunduki kwa kutumia]] Matumizi ya [[bunduki]] ya kujihami (MBK) ni matumizi ya [[bunduki]] kwa ajili ya kujilinda, kuwalinda wengine au, katika baadhi ya matukio, kulinda mali. Mara kwa mara ya matukio yanayohusisha MBK, na ufanisi wao katika kutoa [[usalama]] na kupunguza uhalifu ni suala lenye utata katika siasa za bunduki na uhalifu, hasa nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Harry L. Wilson|date=2020-12-21|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harry_L._Wilson&oldid=995535007|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-07-29}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Kujilinda]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 0kxbh83wgggich2n4t2s300oo4xukjs 1236707 1236683 2022-07-29T20:08:08Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Defensive gun use training - Prague Cech Republic.jpg|thumb|295x295px|Mwanamke anajifunza matumizi ya bunduki kwa kutumia]] '''Matumizi ya bunduki ya kujihami'' (MBK) ni matumizi ya [[bunduki]] kwa ajili ya kujilinda, kuwalinda wengine au, katika baadhi ya matukio, kulinda mali. Mara kwa mara ya matukio yanayohusisha MBK, na ufanisi wao katika kutoa [[usalama]] na kupunguza uhalifu ni suala lenye utata katika siasa za bunduki na uhalifu, hasa nchini [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Kujilinda]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 40xbzqyaaxeaagw274llzuue0kz1zlw 1236709 1236707 2022-07-29T20:09:09Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Defensive gun use training - Prague Cech Republic.jpg|thumb|295x295px|Mwanamke anajifunza matumizi ya bunduki kwa kutumia]] '''Matumizi ya bunduki ya kujihami''' (MBK) ni matumizi ya [[bunduki]] kwa ajili ya kujilinda, kuwalinda wengine au, katika baadhi ya matukio, kulinda mali. Mara kwa mara ya matukio yanayohusisha MBK, na ufanisi wao katika kutoa [[usalama]] na kupunguza uhalifu ni suala lenye utata katika siasa za bunduki na uhalifu, hasa nchini [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Kujilinda]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] dykhgepcewvofyi1592aqqsrgjb19ze 1236787 1236709 2022-07-30T06:43:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Defensive gun use training - Prague Cech Republic.jpg|thumb|295x295px|Mwanamke anajifunza matumizi ya bunduki kwa kutumia]] '''Matumizi ya bunduki ya kujihami''' (MBK) ni matumizi ya [[bunduki]] kwa ajili ya kujilinda, kuwalinda wengine au, katika baadhi ya matukio, kulinda mali. Mara kwa mara ya matukio yanayohusisha MBK, na ufanisi wao katika kutoa [[usalama]] na kupunguza uhalifu ni suala lenye utata katika siasa za bunduki na uhalifu, hasa nchini [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-sheria}} [[Jamii:Sheria]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] fi6zqkwcafq4cmku570mrusm9xqa2b2 0 153533 1236699 2022-07-29T20:01:32Z ChriKo 35 Ukurasa mpya wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uainishaji | rangi = #D3D3A4 | jina = Mnyoo kichwa-miiba | picha = Telosentis exiguus France.jpg | upana_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Mnyoo kichwa-miiba (''Telosentis exiguus'') | himaya = [[Animalia]] | nusuhimaya = [[Eumetazoa]] | himaya_bila_tabaka = [[Protostomia]] | faila_ya_juu = [[Platyzoa]] | faila = [[Acanthocephala]] | bingwa_wa_faila = [[Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter|Kölreuter]], 1771 | subdivision = '''Ngeli za juu 2, ngeli 3:''' * [[Archiacanthocephala]] <small>[[Anton Meyer|Meyer]], 1931</small> * [[Eoacanthocephala]] <small>[[Harley Jones Van Cleave|Van Cleave]], 1936</small> * [[Palaeacanthocephala]] <small>Meyer, 1931</small> * [[Polyacanthocephala]] <small>[[Omar M. Amin|Amin]], 1987</small> }} '''Minyoo kichwa-miiba''' (kutoka kwa [[Kiing.]] [[w:Acanthocephala|spiny-headed worm]]) ni [[mnyoo|minyoo]] [[kidusia|vidusia]] wa [[faila]] [[Acanthocephala]]. [[Kichwa]] chao ni kama [[mkonga]] unaoweza kubenuliwa na kuwa na [[mwiba|miiba]] mingi ambayo hutumika kwa kupenya [[ukuta]] wa [[utumbo]] wa [[kidusiwa]] na kuzuia kutolewa. Minyoo hao wana angalau vidusiwa wawili, pengine watatu au zaidi. Kwa kawaida kidusiwa ya mwisho ni [[vertebrata]], kama [[mamalia]] au [[ndege]]. Vidusiwa wengine, wanaoitwa wa katikati, ni [[arithropodi]] kwa kawaida, [[gegereka]] mara nyingi sana. Ukubwa wa minyoo hawa hutofautiana sana: wengine wana urefu wa [[milimita]] chache na wengine [[sentimita]] kadhaa, huku ''[[Gigantorhynchus gigas]]'' akiwa kutoka sm 10 hadi 65. Sifa ya kushangaza inayoshirikiwa na [[lava]] na wapevu ni saizi kubwa ya [[seli]] nyingi, k.m. seli za [[neva]] na seli zinazounda [[kikombe]] cha [[uterasi]]. Hali ya kuwa [[poliploidi]] ni kawaida na hadi 343n imerekodiwa katika baadhi ya [[spishi]]. Minyoo kichwa-miiba hukosa [[mdomo]] na [[mfumo wa mmeng'enyo wa chakula]]. Hii ni sifa wanayoshiriki na [[tegu]] ([[Cestoda]]), ingawa makundi hayo mawili hayana uhusiano wa karibu. Hatua za wapevu huishi ndani ya [[matumbo]] ya vidusiwa wao na kufyonza [[kirutubisho|virutubisho]] vilivyomeng'enywa na kidusiwa, moja kwa moja kupitia ngozi yao. Wanakosa mfumo wa kutoa kinyesi, ingawa baadhi ya spishi zimeonyeshwa kuwa na seli za [[mwali]] ([[w:Nephridium|protonephridia]]). ==Picha== <gallery> Moniliformis moniliformis.jpg|Archiacanthocephala/Moniliformidae (''Moniliformis moniliformis'') Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus adult BAM1.jpg|Archiacanthocephala/Oligacanthorhynchidae (''Macracanthorhynchus hirundinaceus'') C wegeneri.JPG|Palaeacanthocephala/Polymorphidae (''Corynosoma wegeneri'') Parasite140083-fig5 Figs 31-36 Cathayacanthus spinitruncatus.tif|Taswira za miiba ya ''Cathayacanthus spinitruncatus'' kutoka hadubini ya elektroni </gallery> [[Jamii:Minyoo kichwa-miiba]] me2wn22g9yg4i8gua53tsd76x0oolxf 0 153534 1236704 2022-07-29T20:05:20Z ChriKo 35 Redirect mpya wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mnyoo kichwa-miiba]] [[Jamii:Acanthocephala]] g412gh4gp3lntwdj61s04lfonfyeuc7 14 153535 1236705 2022-07-29T20:06:29Z ChriKo 35 Jamii mpya wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Platyzoa]] kmsasht25w312zubwy4ov2psnyc811k 14 153536 1236706 2022-07-29T20:07:07Z ChriKo 35 Jamii mpya wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Wanyama]] 854ms27hcsntdk56fl0jjk95ft2vnc7 0 153537 1236711 2022-07-29T20:31:09Z Shukrabenedic 52542 Chapisho jipya wikitext text/x-wiki Mafunzo ya ufyatuaji amilifu wa [[Risasi (metali)|Risasi]] (wakati fulani huitwa mafunzo ya kujibu mpiga risasi amilifu au maandalizi yanayoendelea ya ufyatuaji) hushughulikia tishio la mpiga risasi anayeendelea kwa kutoa ufahamu, maandalizi, uzuiaji na mbinu za kukabiliana<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=A Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the United States Between 2000 and 2013|url=https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-study-2000-2013-1.pdf/view|work=Federal Bureau of Investigation|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Active Shooter Incidents in the United States in 2018|url=https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-incidents-in-the-us-2018-041019.pdf/view|work=Federal Bureau of Investigation|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-us}}</ref>. Mashirika ya kibiashara, maeneo ya ibada au elimu, yamechagua kufadhili mafunzo yanayoendelea ya ufyatuaji risasi kutokana na wasiwasi kwamba kufikia 2013, 66.9% ya matukio ya ufyatuaji risasi yalikwisha kabla ya [[polisi]] kuwasili [[Marekani]]<ref name=":0" />. Idara ya Haki inasema bado "wamejitolea kusaidia mafunzo kwa uzuiaji bora, mwitikio, na mazoea ya kupona yanayohusisha matukio ya ufyatuaji risasi" na wanahimiza mafunzo kwa raia na vile vile washiriki wa kwanza<ref name=":0" />. Ingawa mafunzo kwa sasa ni ya hiari, biashara na mashirika yameanza kunukuliwa kutokana na kutofuata miongozo ya OSHA kuhusu Unyanyasaji Kazini<ref>{{Cite web|title=Enforcement Procedures and Scheduling for Occupational Exposure to Workplace Violence {{!}} Occupational Safety and Health Administration|url=https://www.osha.gov/enforcement/directives/cpl-02-01-058|work=www.osha.gov|accessdate=2022-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Active shooter training|date=2022-07-21|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Active_shooter_training&oldid=1099509337|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-07-29}}</ref>. Ofisi ya Shirikisho ya Upelelezi [[FBI|(FBI)]] inasisitiza zaidi kwamba mafunzo na mazoezi ya kiraia yanapaswa kujumuisha: 'uelewa wa vitisho vinavyokabili na pia hatari na chaguzi zinazopatikana katika matukio ya ufyatuaji risasi<ref name=":0" />. Marejeo; [[Jamii:Kujilinda]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] no5r3c15whz70v29hooq35898v6gn0k 1236713 1236711 2022-07-29T21:22:06Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} Mafunzo ya ufyatuaji amilifu wa [[Risasi (metali)|Risasi]] (wakati fulani huitwa mafunzo ya kujibu mpiga risasi amilifu au maandalizi yanayoendelea ya ufyatuaji) hushughulikia tishio la mpiga risasi anayeendelea kwa kutoa ufahamu, maandalizi, uzuiaji na mbinu za kukabiliana<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=A Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the United States Between 2000 and 2013|url=https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-study-2000-2013-1.pdf/view|work=Federal Bureau of Investigation|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Active Shooter Incidents in the United States in 2018|url=https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-incidents-in-the-us-2018-041019.pdf/view|work=Federal Bureau of Investigation|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-us}}</ref>. Mashirika ya kibiashara, maeneo ya ibada au elimu, yamechagua kufadhili mafunzo yanayoendelea ya ufyatuaji risasi kutokana na wasiwasi kwamba kufikia 2013, 66.9% ya matukio ya ufyatuaji risasi yalikwisha kabla ya [[polisi]] kuwasili [[Marekani]]<ref name=":0" />. Idara ya Haki inasema bado "wamejitolea kusaidia mafunzo kwa uzuiaji bora, mwitikio, na mazoea ya kupona yanayohusisha matukio ya ufyatuaji risasi" na wanahimiza mafunzo kwa raia na vile vile washiriki wa kwanza<ref name=":0" />. Ingawa mafunzo kwa sasa ni ya hiari, biashara na mashirika yameanza kunukuliwa kutokana na kutofuata miongozo ya OSHA kuhusu Unyanyasaji Kazini<ref>{{Cite web|title=Enforcement Procedures and Scheduling for Occupational Exposure to Workplace Violence {{!}} Occupational Safety and Health Administration|url=https://www.osha.gov/enforcement/directives/cpl-02-01-058|work=www.osha.gov|accessdate=2022-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Active shooter training|date=2022-07-21|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Active_shooter_training&oldid=1099509337|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-07-29}}</ref>. Ofisi ya Shirikisho ya Upelelezi [[FBI|(FBI)]] inasisitiza zaidi kwamba mafunzo na mazoezi ya kiraia yanapaswa kujumuisha: 'uelewa wa vitisho vinavyokabili na pia hatari na chaguzi zinazopatikana katika matukio ya ufyatuaji risasi<ref name=":0" />. Marejeo; [[Jamii:Kujilinda]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] p2ze56dq1tth6e2evhju8rxi3zkjsrp 1236719 1236713 2022-07-29T22:05:51Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} Mafunzo ya ufyatuaji amilifu wa [[Risasi (metali)|Risasi]] (wakati fulani huitwa mafunzo ya kujibu mpiga risasi amilifu au maandalizi yanayoendelea ya ufyatuaji) hushughulikia tishio la mpiga risasi anayeendelea kwa kutoa ufahamu, maandalizi, uzuiaji na mbinu za kukabiliana<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=A Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the United States Between 2000 and 2013|url=https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-study-2000-2013-1.pdf/view|work=Federal Bureau of Investigation|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Active Shooter Incidents in the United States in 2018|url=https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-incidents-in-the-us-2018-041019.pdf/view|work=Federal Bureau of Investigation|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-us}}</ref>. Mashirika ya kibiashara, maeneo ya ibada au elimu, yamechagua kufadhili mafunzo yanayoendelea ya ufyatuaji risasi kutokana na wasiwasi kwamba kufikia 2013, 66.9% ya matukio ya ufyatuaji risasi yalikwisha kabla ya [[polisi]] kuwasili [[Marekani]]<ref name=":0" />. Idara ya Haki inasema bado "wamejitolea kusaidia mafunzo kwa uzuiaji bora, mwitikio, na mazoea ya kupona yanayohusisha matukio ya ufyatuaji risasi" na wanahimiza mafunzo kwa raia na vile vile washiriki wa kwanza<ref name=":0" />. Ingawa mafunzo kwa sasa ni ya hiari, biashara na mashirika yameanza kunukuliwa kutokana na kutofuata miongozo ya OSHA kuhusu Unyanyasaji Kazini<ref>{{Cite web|title=Enforcement Procedures and Scheduling for Occupational Exposure to Workplace Violence {{!}} Occupational Safety and Health Administration|url=https://www.osha.gov/enforcement/directives/cpl-02-01-058|work=www.osha.gov|accessdate=2022-07-29}}</ref>. Ofisi ya Shirikisho ya Upelelezi [[FBI|(FBI)]] inasisitiza zaidi kwamba mafunzo na mazoezi ya kiraia yanapaswa kujumuisha: 'uelewa wa vitisho vinavyokabili na pia hatari na chaguzi zinazopatikana katika matukio ya ufyatuaji risasi<ref name=":0" />. Marejeo; [[Jamii:Kujilinda]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 8mel2vcto9w02svc86los7vo1qm8yu7 1236788 1236719 2022-07-30T06:45:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Mafunzo ya kupiga risasi (Shukrabenedic)]] hadi [[Mafunzo ya kupiga risasi]]: usahihi wa jina wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} Mafunzo ya ufyatuaji amilifu wa [[Risasi (metali)|Risasi]] (wakati fulani huitwa mafunzo ya kujibu mpiga risasi amilifu au maandalizi yanayoendelea ya ufyatuaji) hushughulikia tishio la mpiga risasi anayeendelea kwa kutoa ufahamu, maandalizi, uzuiaji na mbinu za kukabiliana<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=A Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the United States Between 2000 and 2013|url=https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-study-2000-2013-1.pdf/view|work=Federal Bureau of Investigation|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Active Shooter Incidents in the United States in 2018|url=https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-incidents-in-the-us-2018-041019.pdf/view|work=Federal Bureau of Investigation|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-us}}</ref>. Mashirika ya kibiashara, maeneo ya ibada au elimu, yamechagua kufadhili mafunzo yanayoendelea ya ufyatuaji risasi kutokana na wasiwasi kwamba kufikia 2013, 66.9% ya matukio ya ufyatuaji risasi yalikwisha kabla ya [[polisi]] kuwasili [[Marekani]]<ref name=":0" />. Idara ya Haki inasema bado "wamejitolea kusaidia mafunzo kwa uzuiaji bora, mwitikio, na mazoea ya kupona yanayohusisha matukio ya ufyatuaji risasi" na wanahimiza mafunzo kwa raia na vile vile washiriki wa kwanza<ref name=":0" />. Ingawa mafunzo kwa sasa ni ya hiari, biashara na mashirika yameanza kunukuliwa kutokana na kutofuata miongozo ya OSHA kuhusu Unyanyasaji Kazini<ref>{{Cite web|title=Enforcement Procedures and Scheduling for Occupational Exposure to Workplace Violence {{!}} Occupational Safety and Health Administration|url=https://www.osha.gov/enforcement/directives/cpl-02-01-058|work=www.osha.gov|accessdate=2022-07-29}}</ref>. Ofisi ya Shirikisho ya Upelelezi [[FBI|(FBI)]] inasisitiza zaidi kwamba mafunzo na mazoezi ya kiraia yanapaswa kujumuisha: 'uelewa wa vitisho vinavyokabili na pia hatari na chaguzi zinazopatikana katika matukio ya ufyatuaji risasi<ref name=":0" />. Marejeo; [[Jamii:Kujilinda]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 8mel2vcto9w02svc86los7vo1qm8yu7 1236790 1236788 2022-07-30T06:49:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} Mafunzo ya ufyatuaji amilifu wa [[Risasi (metali)|Risasi]] (wakati fulani huitwa mafunzo ya kujibu mpiga risasi amilifu au maandalizi yanayoendelea ya ufyatuaji) hushughulikia tishio la mpiga risasi anayeendelea kwa kutoa ufahamu, maandalizi, uzuiaji na mbinu za kukabiliana<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=A Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the United States Between 2000 and 2013|url=https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-study-2000-2013-1.pdf/view|work=Federal Bureau of Investigation|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Active Shooter Incidents in the United States in 2018|url=https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-incidents-in-the-us-2018-041019.pdf/view|work=Federal Bureau of Investigation|accessdate=2022-07-29|language=en-us}}</ref>. Mashirika ya kibiashara, maeneo ya ibada au elimu, yamechagua kufadhili mafunzo yanayoendelea ya ufyatuaji risasi kutokana na wasiwasi kwamba kufikia 2013, 66.9% ya matukio ya ufyatuaji risasi yalikwisha kabla ya [[polisi]] kuwasili [[Marekani]]<ref name=":0" />. Idara ya Haki inasema bado "wamejitolea kusaidia mafunzo kwa uzuiaji bora, mwitikio, na mazoea ya kupona yanayohusisha matukio ya ufyatuaji risasi" na wanahimiza mafunzo kwa raia na vile vile washiriki wa kwanza<ref name=":0" />. Ingawa mafunzo kwa sasa ni ya hiari, biashara na mashirika yameanza kunukuliwa kutokana na kutofuata miongozo ya OSHA kuhusu Unyanyasaji Kazini<ref>{{Cite web|title=Enforcement Procedures and Scheduling for Occupational Exposure to Workplace Violence {{!}} Occupational Safety and Health Administration|url=https://www.osha.gov/enforcement/directives/cpl-02-01-058|work=www.osha.gov|accessdate=2022-07-29}}</ref>. Ofisi ya Shirikisho ya Upelelezi [[FBI|(FBI)]] inasisitiza zaidi kwamba mafunzo na mazoezi ya kiraia yanapaswa kujumuisha: 'uelewa wa vitisho vinavyokabili na pia hatari na chaguzi zinazopatikana katika matukio ya ufyatuaji risasi<ref name=":0" />. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Silaha]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] bmo1wqehlq026ga6bveh5ivl6ck4yps 0 153538 1236714 2022-07-29T21:25:26Z Shukrabenedic 52542 Chapisho jipya wikitext text/x-wiki Kuna dhana tatu kuu katika sheria za [[Czech]] ambazo hazijumuishi dhima ya jinai na kiraia kwa msingi wa kujilinda. "Umuhimu mkubwa" (krajní nouze) unaweza kuombwa dhidi ya hatari isipokuwa shambulio la [[mtu]] mwingine, kama vile mbwa mkali. "Kujilinda kwa lazima" (nutná obrana) kunaweza kuchochewa dhidi ya kushambuliwa na mtu mwingine, iwe shambulio la moja kwa moja au [[mbwa]] aliyeamriwa kushambulia. Dhana ya tatu inaitwa "matumizi yanayostahiki ya [[bunduki]]" (oprávněné užití zbraně) na kwa ujumla inaweza isitumiwe na raia, bali [[polisi]] au maafisa wengine<ref>{{Citation|title=Self-defence law (Czech Republic)|date=2022-07-02|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-defence_law_(Czech_Republic)&oldid=1096186236|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-07-29}}</ref>. Sheria ya Czech haijumuishi masharti mahususi kuhusu kujilinda kwa kutumia [[silaha]]. Sheria sawa hutumika katika kesi ya ulinzi bila silaha au ulinzi na aina yoyote ya silaha. Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani inapendekeza rasmi kubeba silaha zisizo za kuua kama vile dawa za kupuliza pilipili, vipoozi au [[bastola]] za gesi kama njia ya kujilinda<ref>{{Citation|title=Self-defence law (Czech Republic)|date=2022-07-02|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-defence_law_(Czech_Republic)&oldid=1096186236|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-07-29}}</ref>. Tofauti na katika nchi nyingine nyingi za [[Ulaya|Ulaya,]] raia wa Czech wana haki ya kuweka na kubeba silaha kwa ajili ya ulinzi wa kibinafsi, ambayo lazima kwanza wapate leseni ya kutoa. [[Faili:Picha ya Mwanamke.png|thumb|229x229px|Mwanamke afunza matukio halisi ya matumizi ya bunduki kwa kutumia risasi za moto kwenye eneo la upigaji risasi wa video huko Prague, Jamhuri ya Cheki.]] Marejeo; [[Jamii:Kujilinda]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] gxaosdjs7eb4mux9gpm7ou3adg38hcq 1236716 1236714 2022-07-29T21:59:42Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} Kuna dhana tatu kuu katika sheria za [[Czech]] ambazo hazijumuishi dhima ya jinai na kiraia kwa msingi wa kujilinda. "Umuhimu mkubwa" (krajní nouze) unaweza kuombwa dhidi ya hatari isipokuwa shambulio la [[mtu]] mwingine, kama vile mbwa mkali. "Kujilinda kwa lazima" (nutná obrana) kunaweza kuchochewa dhidi ya kushambuliwa na mtu mwingine, iwe shambulio la moja kwa moja au [[mbwa]] aliyeamriwa kushambulia. Dhana ya tatu inaitwa "matumizi yanayostahiki ya [[bunduki]]" (oprávněné užití zbraně) na kwa ujumla inaweza isitumiwe na raia, bali [[polisi]] au maafisa wengine<ref>{{Citation|title=Self-defence law (Czech Republic)|date=2022-07-02|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-defence_law_(Czech_Republic)&oldid=1096186236|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-07-29}}</ref>. Sheria ya Czech haijumuishi masharti mahususi kuhusu kujilinda kwa kutumia [[silaha]]. Sheria sawa hutumika katika kesi ya ulinzi bila silaha au ulinzi na aina yoyote ya silaha. Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani inapendekeza rasmi kubeba silaha zisizo za kuua kama vile dawa za kupuliza pilipili, vipoozi au [[bastola]] za gesi kama njia ya kujilinda<ref>{{Citation|title=Self-defence law (Czech Republic)|date=2022-07-02|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-defence_law_(Czech_Republic)&oldid=1096186236|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-07-29}}</ref>. Tofauti na katika nchi nyingine nyingi za [[Ulaya|Ulaya,]] raia wa Czech wana haki ya kuweka na kubeba silaha kwa ajili ya ulinzi wa kibinafsi, ambayo lazima kwanza wapate leseni ya kutoa. [[Faili:Picha ya Mwanamke.png|thumb|229x229px|Mwanamke afunza matukio halisi ya matumizi ya bunduki kwa kutumia risasi za moto kwenye eneo la upigaji risasi wa video huko Prague, Jamhuri ya Cheki.]] Marejeo; [[Jamii:Kujilinda]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 056c2kiqxt0fkzt00xhvkeczz83wuot 1236718 1236716 2022-07-29T22:04:36Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} {{vyanzo}} Kuna dhana tatu kuu katika sheria za [[Czech]] ambazo hazijumuishi dhima ya jinai na kiraia kwa msingi wa kujilinda. "Umuhimu mkubwa" (krajní nouze) unaweza kuombwa dhidi ya hatari isipokuwa shambulio la [[mtu]] mwingine, kama vile mbwa mkali. "Kujilinda kwa lazima" (nutná obrana) kunaweza kuchochewa dhidi ya kushambuliwa na mtu mwingine, iwe shambulio la moja kwa moja au [[mbwa]] aliyeamriwa kushambulia. Dhana ya tatu inaitwa "matumizi yanayostahiki ya [[bunduki]]" (oprávněné užití zbraně) na kwa ujumla inaweza isitumiwe na raia, bali [[polisi]] au maafisa wengine. Sheria ya Czech haijumuishi masharti mahususi kuhusu kujilinda kwa kutumia [[silaha]]. Sheria sawa hutumika katika kesi ya ulinzi bila silaha au ulinzi na aina yoyote ya silaha. Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani inapendekeza rasmi kubeba silaha zisizo za kuua kama vile dawa za kupuliza pilipili, vipoozi au [[bastola]] za gesi kama njia ya kujilinda. Tofauti na katika nchi nyingine nyingi za [[Ulaya|Ulaya,]] raia wa Czech wana haki ya kuweka na kubeba silaha kwa ajili ya ulinzi wa kibinafsi, ambayo lazima kwanza wapate leseni ya kutoa. [[Faili:Picha ya Mwanamke.png|thumb|229x229px|Mwanamke afunza matukio halisi ya matumizi ya bunduki kwa kutumia risasi za moto kwenye eneo la upigaji risasi wa video huko Prague, Jamhuri ya Cheki.]] ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Kujilinda]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] o394ksah04xmjrll06e6waz41odsn77 0 153539 1236721 2022-07-30T00:12:11Z Mr Xcodeeeee 52544 1. uoi.ac.tz(Remy) wikitext text/x-wiki Vurugu zinazohusiana na [[bunduki]] ni vurugu zinazofanywa kwa kutumia [[bunduki]]. Vurugu inayohusiana na [[bunduki]] inaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa ya uhalifu au isichukuliwe ya kihalifu. Vurugu ya uhalifu ni pamoja na [[mauaji]] (isipokuwa wakati na mahali panapokubalika), shambulio la kutumia [[Silaha za moto|silaha]] mbaya, na kujiua, au kujaribu kujiua, kulingana na mamlaka. Vurugu zisizo za uhalifu hujumuisha jeraha na kifo cha bahati mbaya au bila kukusudia (isipokuwa labda katika visa vya uzembe wa uhalifu). Kutokana na [https://www.gunpolicy.org/ GunPolicy.org], [[bunduki]] milioni 875 zinamilikiwa na raia kwa asilimia 75 duniani.<ref>{{Citation|title=The American Journal of Medicine|date=2021-11-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_American_Journal_of_Medicine&oldid=1057435694|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-07-29}}</ref> [[Marekani]] ina kiwango cha 11 cha juu zaidi cha unyanyasaji wa [[bunduki]] duniani na kiwango cha mauaji ya [[bunduki]] ambacho ni mara 25 zaidi ya wastani wa viwango vya mataifa mengine yenye mapato ya juu.<ref>{{Citation|title=Gun Violence: Comparing The U.S. With Other Countries|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/11/06/562323131/gun-violence-comparing-the-u-s-with-other-countries|work=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2022-07-30}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Vurugu za bunduki, Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] aaqhwr5jn9pu0h7sd23y5ulglu03v22 0 153540 1236722 2022-07-30T00:53:57Z Mr Xcodeeeee 52544 2. uoi.ac.tz(Remy) wikitext text/x-wiki MyLastShot ni kampeni ya kuzuia unyanyasaji wa [[bunduki]] iliyoundwa na wanafunzi kutoka Shule ya Upili ya [[:en:Columbine_High_School_massacre|Columbine]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=https://twitter.com/nowthisnews/status/1117963568870084609|url=https://twitter.com/nowthisnews/status/1117963568870084609|work=Twitter|accessdate=2022-07-30|language=en}}</ref> Na wanaharakati wanaopenda suala hilo<ref>https://www.mylastshot.org/faq</ref>.Mradi huu unahusisha wanafunzi kuweka vibandiko kwenye [[leseni]] zao za udereva, vitambulisho vya shule na simu. vibandiko ivyo vinaeleza matakwa yao ya kutangaza picha za miili yao ikiwa watakufa kwa kupigwa [[risasi]]<ref>https://www.mylastshot.org/</ref>. Mradi huo ulizinduliwa mnamo  27/03/2019, mwezi mmoja kabla ya adhimisho la miaka 20 ya Upigaji [[risasi]] wa [[:en:Columbine_High_School_massacre|Columbine]] ambao lilifanyika 20/04/1999. [[Faili:Rachel Hill.jpg|none|thumb|200x200px|kitambulisho cha shule kikiwa na kibandiko cha #MyLastShot.]] == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Vurugu za bunduki, Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 4ec0yellqvzuw0pkwmv1s0p1yeb1ey4 0 153541 1236723 2022-07-30T01:19:17Z Mr Xcodeeeee 52544 3. uoi.ac.tz(Remy) wikitext text/x-wiki Udhibiti wa [[bunduki]], ni [[sheria]] au sera zinazodhibiti utengenezaji, uuzaji, uhamisho, umiliki, urekebishaji, au matumizi ya [[Silaha za moto|silaha]] na raia<ref>{{Cite web|title=About this Collection {{!}} Legal Reports (Publications of the Law Library of Congress) {{!}} Digital Collections {{!}} Library of Congress|url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/publications-of-the-law-library-of-congress/about-this-collection/|work=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA|accessdate=2022-07-30}}</ref>. [[Nchi]] nyingi zina sera ya kuzuia [[Silaha za moto|silaha]], huku [[sheria]] chache tu zikiwa zimeainishwa kuwaruhusu<ref>{{Cite web|title=Compare the United Nations – Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy|url=https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173|work=www.gunpolicy.org|accessdate=2022-07-30}}</ref>. Mamlaka zinazodhibiti ufikiaji wa [[bunduki]] kwa kawaida huzuia ufikiaji wa aina fulani tu za [[bunduki]] na kisha kuweka mipaka ya aina za watu ambao wanaweza kumiliki [[Silaha za moto|silaha]]. kwa kuwapa [[leseni]] ya kumiliki [[Silaha za moto|silaha]]. Katika baadhi ya nchi kama vile [[Marekani]], udhibiti wa [[bunduki]] unaweza kupitishwa katika ngazi ya [[serikali]] ya eneo hilo. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] mbvwikropmytc0g2ebqqawz8w2srqt7 0 153542 1236724 2022-07-30T01:37:28Z Mr Xcodeeeee 52544 3. uoi.ac.tz(Remy) wikitext text/x-wiki [[Utamaduni]] wa [[bunduki]] unarejelea mitazamo, hisia, maadili na tabia ya jamii, au kikundi chochote cha kijamii, ambamo [[bunduki]] hutumiwa<ref>{{Citation|title=HarperCollins|date=2022-07-24|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HarperCollins&oldid=1100211994|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-07-30}}</ref>.Neno hili lilibuniwa kwa mara ya kwanza na [[Richard Hofstadter]] katika makala ya Urithi wa [[Marekani]] inayokosoa unyanyasaji wa [[bunduki]] nchini [[Marekani]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=America as a Gun Culture|url=https://www.americanheritage.com/america-gun-culture|work=AMERICAN HERITAGE|accessdate=2022-07-30|language=en}}</ref>. Mitazamo kuhusu [[bunduki]] inatofautiana sana miongoni mwa maeneo kama vile [[Marekani]], [[Kanada]], [[Israel]], [[Uingereza]], [[Uswisi|Uswizi]], [[Yemen|Yemeni]] na [[Pakistan|Pakistani]]. Miongoni mwa [[Utamaduni|tamaduni]] zilizosomwa na kujadiliwa zaidi ulimwenguni juu [[bunduki]] ni [[Marekani]]<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2012/12/15/what-makes-americas-gun-culture-totally-unique-in-the-world-as-demonstrated-in-four-charts/</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] d0ov312tc6sn3o27g2albx6gdv0x6y0 0 153543 1236726 2022-07-30T01:50:16Z Mr Xcodeeeee 52544 5. uoi.ac.tz(Remy) wikitext text/x-wiki Taifa la Bunduki ni [[filamu]] ya hali halisi ya 2016 iliyoongozwa na kutayarishwa na mpiga picha na mtengenezaji wa filamu kutoka [[Uingereza]] Zed Nelson. [[Filamu]] hii inaangazia masuala yanayohusu umiliki wa [[bunduki]], unyanyasaji wa [[bunduki]], na utamaduni wa kumiliki [[bunduki]] nchini [[Marekani]] na inaadhimisha miaka 18 tangu kitabu cha upigaji picha cha muongozaji kilichoshinda tuzo kwa jina moja<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gun Nation Revisited: Zed Nelson&#039;s Photographs of American Gun Culture|url=https://time.com/3790906/gun-nation-revisited-zed-nelsons-photographs-of-american-gun-culture/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-07-30|language=en}}</ref>. Iliagizwa na The Guardian na Bertha Foundation, afisa mkuu iliyotolewa na Charlie Phillips na kutolewa mtandaoni 16/09/2016. [[Filamu]] hiyo ilikuwa [[filamu]] ya kwanza kuonyeshwa katika sehemu ya hali halisi ya The [[Guardians of the Galaxy (filamu)|Guardian]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Guardian relaunches Guardian documentaries|url=http://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2016/sep/16/the-guardian-relaunches-guardian-documentaries|work=the Guardian|date=2016-09-16|accessdate=2022-07-30|language=en}}</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] fkgsbxz3gmnig7ji3y0jmubv9k17ieg 0 153544 1236727 2022-07-30T02:01:49Z Mr Xcodeeeee 52544 6. uoi.ac.tz(Remy) wikitext text/x-wiki Nyumbani Hai ni [[shirika]] la kupambana na vurugu lenye makao yake [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]] ambalo hutoa madarasa ya kujilinda. Nyumbani Hai ilikua kama shirika lisilo la faida na sasa inaendelea kufanya kazi kama kikundi cha kujitolea.Nyumbani Hai inaona kazi yake kuwa imeunganishwa katika vuguvugu kubwa la haki za kijamii, kwa kutambua jinsi vurugu husababishwa haswa na ukandamizaji na [[Unyanyasaji wa watoto mtandaoni|unyanyasaji]]. Madarasa ya Nyumbani Hai yalijumuisha ulinzi wa mwili, mpangilio wa mipaka, na mafunzo ya mda mrefu<ref>http://www.state51.co.uk/hottips/496/homealive.html</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Kujilinda]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] kc0u9whqzz0flvqiebhhbqtm5er7lhj 1236728 1236727 2022-07-30T02:03:17Z Mr Xcodeeeee 52544 6. uoi.ac.tz(Remy) wikitext text/x-wiki Nyumbani Hai ni [[shirika]] la kupambana na vurugu lenye makao yake [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]] ambalo hutoa madarasa ya kujilinda. Nyumbani Hai ilikua kama shirika lisilo la faida na sasa inaendelea kufanya kazi kama [[kikundi]] cha kujitolea.Nyumbani Hai inaona kazi yake kuwa imeunganishwa katika vuguvugu kubwa la haki za ki[[jamii]], kwa kutambua jinsi vurugu husababishwa haswa na ukandamizaji na unyanyasaji. Madarasa ya Nyumbani Hai yalijumuisha ulinzi wa mwili, mpangilio wa mipaka, na mafunzo ya mda mrefu<ref>http://www.state51.co.uk/hottips/496/homealive.html</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Kujilinda]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] hnnozwgsvna8ib28ihbhkwkrxnfw2ck 14 153545 1236760 2022-07-30T04:47:54Z Benix Mby 36425 Created blank page wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 153546 1236789 2022-07-30T06:45:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Mafunzo ya kupiga risasi (Shukrabenedic)]] hadi [[Mafunzo ya kupiga risasi]]: usahihi wa jina wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mafunzo ya kupiga risasi]] biayku0ptkdxaq5za06jzb1i5bszbqj