Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo

Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.23 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo 4 1747 1241228 1154141 2022-08-08T18:51:15Z Bestoernesto 23840 /* Jiografia */ upgrade Eswatini wikitext text/x-wiki Kuna [[Kamusi Elezo za Wiki]] za lugha mbalimbali. Baadhi ni kubwa na nyingine bado ni ndogo: zinazidi kuendelezwa. Kamusi elezo zote zinahitaji makala kadhaa za msingi. Kwenye kurasa za meta.wikipedia.org kuna majadiliano ya mfululizo kuhusu makala za msingi ni zipi. Tokeo la majadiliano ni [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_articles_all_languages_should_have orodha ya Kiingereza ya makala ya msingi kutoka meta:wikipedia] inayoendelea kuhaririwa. =Mada ambazo zinakosekana kwa Kiswahili kulingana na orodha ya makala 1000 za msingi= Mnamo Februari 2021 zimebaki mada 3 za orodha ya makala 1000 za msingi katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza (ambayo ni Wikipedia kubwa zaidi, hivyo ni ya msingi kwa kazi hii yote) ambazo hazijaonekana katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Upande wa kushoto (buluu) unaonyesha makala za Kiingereza, upande wa kulia (nyekundu) ni viungo vya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ambavyo makala hizo haziko bado: #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/conservation_of_energy conservation of energy] - sw: [[hifadhi ya nishati]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/general_relativity general relativity] - sw: [[uhusianifu majumui]] ? #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/infinity infinity] - sw: [[msopeo]]? - [[bila kikomo]] ? Chanzo chake ni [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_sample_of_articles/Absent_Articles#sw_Kiswahili Makala zisizoonekana kati ya 1000 za msingi - Absent_Articles#sw_Kiswahili]. Ila wakati mwingine roboti zinazolinganisha Wikipedia mbalimbali zinaweza kukosea. Kwa mfano hazikutambua makala ya _[[Brussels]]_ katika Wikipedia yetu na kuiandika katika orodha hii - kumbe makala ipo. Yeyote anayetambua kosa la aina hii anaweza kuisahihisha kwa kuingiza kwa mkono makala husika ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Kwa orodha kamili ya makala zote 1000 tazama hapa: '''[[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo/Zote 1000]]'''. '''Kila mwanawikipedia anaombwa **kuanzisha kwa Kiswahili au kutafsiri makala hizo tatu. Kubofya jina jekundu upande wa kulia kutaanzisha makala mpya kwa Kiswahili. Kama ni jina la Kiingereza bado, ulitafsiri kabla ya kuanza. **Kuboresha michango mingine iliyopo katika orodha ya "makala 1000" kwa kuiongezea matini maana kurasa nyingine bado ni fupi sana.''' =Orodha ya makala 10,000 za msingi= Baada ya kumaliza kuna pia orodha pana ya makala 10,000: [[Meta:List of articles every Wikipedia should have/Expanded]]. Majina mekundu hayapo bado kwa Kiswahili. Tusiweke kiungo cha elekezo (redirect) kama tafsiri kwa maneno ya Kiingereza upande wa kulia! Maana kwa njia hiyo tunaweza kujidanganya kuwa makala iko tayari (kiungo kuwa buluu) ilhali hakuna makala bado! Orodha ifuatayo kimsingi ni nakala ya '''[[:meta:List of articles every Wikipedia should have/Expanded]]'''. Imesafishwa kidogo, lakini bado kuna mistari kadhaa iliyonakiliwa ambayo haielekezi kwenda makala (ni vichwa katika orodha tu) na lemma kadhaa zimefutwa kimakosa wakati wa kuisafisha. Wote mnakaribishwa kuongeza istilahi ambazo ni muhimu kwa mtazamo wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] hasa. Ukiongeza, tafadhali weka alama ya <big>'''*'''</big> kabla ya istilahi. Tazama pia: [[Wikipedia:Makala_za_msingi_1000_-_orodha_ya_awali_iliyopanuliwa]]. Angalisho: kabla hujaanza kutunga makala inayoonekana kwa rangi nyekundu kwa kudhani kwamba haipo kwa Kiswahili, ujue kuwa pengine ukurasa upo, isipokuwa katika orodha hiyo jina lake limo kwa Kiingereza. Kwa sababu hiyo, jaribu kwanza kuangalia katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza kama kushoto kwa makala husika kuna kiungo cha Kiswahili tayari. ==Watu== {{Div col|cols=4}} ===Waigizaji=== [[Lillian Gish]] [[Buster Keaton]] [[Harold Lloyd]] [[Mary Pickford]] [[Gloria Swanson]] [[Asta Nielsen]] [[Fred Astaire]] [[Humphrey Bogart]] [[Marlon Brando]] [[James Cagney]] [[Charlie Chaplin]] [[Claudette Colbert]] [[Gary Cooper]] [[Joan Crawford]] [[Bette Davis]] [[Robert De Niro]] [[James Dean]] [[Henry Fonda]] [[Jane Fonda]] [[Clark Gable]] [[Judy Garland]] [[Whoopi Goldberg]] [[Cary Grant]] [[Tom Hanks]] [[Katharine Hepburn]] [[Gene Kelly]] [[Grace Kelly]] [[Marilyn Monroe]] [[Marx Brothers]] [[Jack Nicholson]] [[Gregory Peck]] [[Barbara Stanwyck]] [[James Stewart]] [[Meryl Streep]] [[Elizabeth Taylor]] [[Shirley Temple]] [[Spencer Tracy]] [[John Wayne]] [[Mae West]] [[Robin Williams]] [[Bruce Lee]] [[Amitabh Bachchan]] [[Pran]] [[Toshiro Mifune]] [[Brigitte Bardot]] [[Jean-Paul Belmondo]] [[Sarah Bernhardt]] [[Alain Delon]] [[Fernandel]] [[Louis de Funès]] [[Jean Gabin]] [[Jean Marais]] [[Gérard Philipe]] [[Richard Burton]] [[Michael Caine]] [[Sean Connery]] [[Daniel Day-Lewis]] [[Audrey Hepburn]] [[Anthony Hopkins]] [[Edmund Kean]] [[Vivien Leigh]] [[Laurence Olivier]] [[Peter O'Toole]] [[Peter Sellers]] [[Adriano Celentano]] [[Gina Lollobrigida]] [[Sophia Loren]] [[Marcello Mastroianni]] [[Ingrid Bergman]] [[Greta Garbo]] [[Armen Dzhigarkhanyan]] [[Yevgeny Leonov]] [[Innokenty Smoktunovsky]] [[Mikhail Ulyanov]] [[Marlene Dietrich]] [[Maximilian Schell]] [[Alvin Ailey]] [[Marian Anderson]] [[Frederick Ashton]] [[Mikhail Baryshnikov]] [[Maurice Béjart]] [[Carlo Blasis]] [[Andrea Bocelli]] [[Erik Bruhn]] [[George Carlin]] [[Enrico Caruso]] [[Cyd Charisse]] [[Boris Christwaf]] [[David Copperfield]] [[Plácido Domingo]] [[Isadora Duncan]] [[Fanny Elssler]] [[Michel Fokine]] [[Margot Fonteyn]] [[Gregory Hines]] [[Harry Houdini]] [[Tamara Karsavina]] [[Rudolf von Laban]] [[Jenny Lind]] [[Vaslav Nijinsky]] [[Birgit Nilsson]] [[Rudolf Nureyev]] [[Luciano Pavarotti]] [[Anna Pavlova]] [[Marius Petipa]] [[Leontyne Price]] [[Jerome Robbins]] [[Renata Scotto]] [[Beverly Sills]] [[Marie Taglioni]] [[Maria Tallchief]] ===Wachoraji na Wachongaji=== [[Phidias]] [[Vitruvius]] [[Hieronymus Bosch]] [[Jan van Eyck]] [[Giotto]] [[Andrei Rublev]] [[El Greco]] [[Jacques-Louis David]] [[Eugène Delacroix]] [[François Mansart]] [[Nicolas Poussin]] [[Albrecht Dürer]] [[Caspar David Friedrich]] [[Hans Holbein the Younger]] [[Karl Friedrich Schinkel]] [[Borromini]] [[Caravaggio]] [[Bernini]] [[Giovanni Bellini]] [[Sandro Botticelli]] [[Bramante]] [[Canaletto]] [[Piero della Francesca]] [[Andrea Mantegna]] [[Masaccio]] [[Michelangelo]] [[Palladio]] [[Raphael]] [[Andrea del Sarto]] [[Tintoretto]] [[Titian]] [[Paolo Veronese]] [[Leonardo da Vinci]] [[Anthony van Dyck]] [[Peter Paul Rubens]] [[Rembrandt]] [[Johannes Vermeer]] [[Jusepe de Ribera]] [[Diego Velázquez]] [[Marc Chagall]] [[Marcel Duchamp]] [[René Magritte]] [[Frida Kahlo]] [[Mary Cassatt]] [[Georgia O'Keeffe]] [[Jackson Pollock]] [[Mark Rothko]] [[Andy Warhol]] [[Grant Wood]] [[Paul Klee]] [[Gustav Klimt]] [[Edvard Munch]] [[Victor Vasarely]] [[Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres]] [[Marie-Antoine Carême]] [[Paul Cézanne]] [[Edgar Degas]] [[Paul Gauguin]] [[Édouard Manet]] [[Henri Matisse]] [[Claude Monet]] [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]] [[Henri Rousseau]] [[Toulouse-Lautrec]] [[Georges Seurat]] [[Francis Bacon (artist)]] [[William Hogarth]] [[J. M. W. Turner]] [[M. C. Escher]] [[Vincent van Gogh]] [[Piet Mondrian]] [[Wassily Kandinsky]] [[Kazimir Malevich]] [[Ilya Repin]] [[Nicholas Roerich]] [[Salvador Dalí]] [[Francisco Goya]] [[Joan Miró]] [[Pablo Picasso]] [[Auguste Rodin]] [[Donatello]] ===Wasanifu majengo=== [[Imhotep]] [[Oscar Niemeyer]] [[Walter Burley Griffin]] [[William Le Baron Jenney]] [[Frank Gehry]] [[Frank Lloyd Wright]] [[Richard Meier]] [[Louis Sullivan]] [[I. M. Pei]] [[Mimar Sinan]] [[Kenzo Tange]] [[Alvar Aalto]] [[Le Corbusier]] [[Gaudí]] [[Victor Horta]] [[Inigo Jones]] [[Richard Neutra]] [[Renzo Piano]] [[Christopher Wren]] [[Günter Behnisch]] [[Peter Behrens]] [[Walter Gropius]] [[Erich Mendelsohn]] [[Frei Otto]] [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]] [[Hans Scharoun]] [[Shitao]] [[Raja Ravi Varma]] [[Japan]] [[Hiroshige]] [[Hokusai]] [[Sesshū Tōyō]] ===Waandishi=== [[Abu Nuwas]] [[Adam Mickiewicz]] [[Alexander Pushkin]] [[Alejo Carpentier]] [[Alexandre Dumas]] [[Alice Walker]] [[Allen Ginsberg]] [[Amir Khusrow]] [[Anton Chekhov]] [[Arthur Rimbaud]] [[Brothers Grimm]] [[Carl Sandburg]] [[Charles Dickens]] [[Cicero]] [[Dashiell Hammett]] [[Douglas Adams]] [[Du Fu]] [[Edgar Allan Poe]] [[Eino Leino]] [[Emily Dickinson]] [[Erich Maria Remarque]] [[Ernest Hemingway]] [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]] [[Franz Kafka]] [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]] [[John Donne]] [[Gabriel García Márquez]] [[Gewafrey Chaucer]] [[George Bernard Shaw]] [[George Orwell]] [[Ghalib]] [[H. G. Wells]] [[Hans Christian Andersen]] [[Harold Pinter]] [[Heinrich Heine]] [[Henrik Ibsen]] [[Henry James]] [[Henry Miller]] [[Hermann Hesse]] [[Hildegard wa Bingen]] [[Ilf and Petrov]] [[Isaac Asimov]] [[Ivan Vazov]] [[J. R. R. Tolkien]] [[Jack Kerouac]] [[Jack London]] [[Rumi]] [[James Joyce]] [[Jane Austen]] [[Jerome K. Jerome]] [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[John Steinbeck]] [[John Updike]] [[Jonathan Swift]] [[Jorge Luis Borges]] [[José Martí]] [[José Saramago]] [[Jules Verne]] [[Kālidāsa]] [[Langston Hughes]] [[Leo Tolstoy]] [[Lewis Carroll]] [[Li Bai]] [[Lord Byron]] [[Marcel Proust]] [[Mark Twain]] [[Mario Vargas Llosa]] [[Matsuo Bashō]] [[Maxim Gorky]] [[Miguel de Cervantes]] [[Mikhail Bulgakov]] [[Molière]] [[Murasaki Shikibu]] [[Naguib Mahfouz]] [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]] [[Nikolai Gogol]] [[Nikos Kazantzakis]] [[Olaf Stapledon]] [[Omar Khayyám]] [[Pablo Neruda]] [[Petrarch]] [[Philip K. Dick]] [[Rabindranath Tagore]] [[Rainer Maria Rilke]] [[Gabriele D’Annunzio]] [[Brontë family]] [[Robert A. Heinlein]] [[Saadi Shirazi]] [[Salman Rushdie]] [[Sappho]] [[Saul Bellow]] [[Thomas Hardy]] [[Thomas Mann]] [[Thomas Pynchon]] [[Toni Morrison]] [[Truman Capote]] [[Umberto Eco]] [[Victor Hugo]] [[Yasunari Kawabata]] [[Yukio Mishima]] [[Qu Yuan]] [[Aesop]] [[Menander]] [[Aeschylus]] [[Aristophanes]] [[Euripides]] [[Hafez]] [[Homer]] [[Horace]] [[Ovid]] [[Plutarch]] [[Sophocles]] [[Virgil]] [[Pliny the Elder]] [[Dante Alighieri]] [[Ferdowsi]] [[Jami]] [[Kabir]] [[Nizami Ganjavi]] [[Rudaki]] [[Giovanni Boccaccio]] [[Ali-Shir Nava'i]] [[William Shakespeare]] [[Chrétien de Troyes]] [[Christine de Pizan]] [[François Villon ]] [[Fuzûlî]] [[Tulsidas]] [[Pedro Calderón de la Barca]] [[Luís de Camões]] [[Pierre Corneille]] [[Daniel Defoe]] [[Gavrila Derzhavin]] [[John Dryden]] [[Samuel Johnson]] [[John Milton]] [[Michel de Montaigne]] [[François Rabelais]] [[Jean Racine]] [[Lope de Vega]] [[Chinua Achebe]] [[Samuel Beckett]] [[William Blake]] [[Bertolt Brecht]] [[Ray Bradbury]] [[Raymond Chandler]] [[Agatha Christie]] [[Arthur C. Clarke]] [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] [[Roald Dahl]] [[Robert Frost]] [[Aldous Huxley]] [[Rudyard Kipling]] [[Astrid Lindgren]] [[Guy de Maupassant]] [[Arthur Miller]] [[Vladimir Nabokov]] [[J. K. Rowling]] [[Mary Shelley]] [[Wole Soyinka]] [[Robert Louis Stevenson]] [[Walt Whitman]] [[Oscar Wilde]] [[Mary Wollstonecraft]] [[Virginia Woolf]] [[W. B. Yeats]] [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] [[J. M. Coetzee]] [[Nadine Gordimer]] [[Margaret Atwood]] [[Pearl S. Buck]] [[Washington Irving]] [[Jaroslav Hašek]] [[T. S. Eliot]] [[Mihai Eminescu]] [[William Faulkner]] [[Ken Kesey]] [[Guillaume Apollinaire]] [[Constantine P. Cavafy]] [[Stendhal]] [[William Golding]] [[Stephen King]] [[Ursula K. Le Guin]] [[Sinclair Lewis]] [[Herman Melville]] [[Margaret Mitchell]] [[Mario Puzo]] [[Ezra Pound]] [[J. D. Salinger]] [[Isaac Bashevis Singer]] [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]] [[Kurt Vonnegut]] [[William Carlos Williams]] [[Jorge Amado]] [[Chinghiz Aitmatov]] [[Muhammad Iqbal]] [[Haruki Murakami]] [[Kenzaburō Ōe]] [[Orhan Pamuk]] [[Lu Xun]] [[Kahlil Gibran]] [[France Prešeren]] [[Ismail Kadare]] [[Joseph Conrad]] [[Sándor Petőfi]] [[Henryk Sienkiewicz]] [[Taras Shevchenko]] [[Anna Akhmatova]] [[Joseph Brodsky]] [[Ivan Bunin]] [[Nikolay Karamzin]] [[Mikhail Lermontov]] [[Vladimir Mayakovsky]] [[Nikolay Nekrasov]] [[Boris Pasternak]] [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]] [[Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy]] [[Ivan Turgenev]] [[Honoré de Balzac]] [[Charles Baudelaire]] [[Karen Blixen]] [[Gustave Flaubert]] [[Anne Frank]] [[Federico García Lorca]] [[André Gide]] [[Knut Hamsun]] [[Eugène Ionesco]] [[Selma Lagerlöf]] [[Luigi Pirandello]] [[Friedrich Schiller]] [[August Strindberg]] [[Tristan Tzara]] [[Émile Zola]] [[Kingsley Amis]] [[W. H. Auden]] [[Enid Blyton]] [[Anthony Burgess]] [[Robert Graves]] [[John Keats]] [[C. S. Lewis]] [[Alan Moore]] [[Walter Scott]] [[John Millington Synge]] [[William Wordsworth]] [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]] ===Wanamuziki na watunzi=== [[Gustav Holst]] [[Jon Lord]] [[Alan Parsons]] [[Pancho Vladigerov]] [[Richard Strauss]] [[Guillaume Dufay]] [[Giovanni da Palestrina]] [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[George Frideric Handel]] [[Claudio Monteverdi]] [[Antonio Vivaldi]] [[Joseph Haydn]] [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[Mily Balakirev]] [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[Hector Berlioz]] [[Georges Bizet]] [[Alexander Borodin]] [[Johannes Brahms]] [[Anton Bruckner]] [[Frédéric Chopin]] [[César Cui]] [[Antonín Dvořák]] [[Edvard Grieg]] [[Franz Liszt]] [[Gustav Mahler]] [[Felix Mendelssohn]] [[Modest Mussorgsky]] [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]] [[Gioachino Rossini]] [[Franz Schubert]] [[Robert Schumann]] [[Bedřich Smetana]] [[Johann Strauss]] [[Gilbert and Sullivan]] [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] [[Giuseppe Verdi]] [[Richard Wagner]] [[Harold Arlen]] [[Béla Bartók]] [[Claude Debussy]] [[Joe Hisaishi]] [[Sergei Prokwaiev]] [[Giacomo Puccini]] [[Maurice Ravel]] [[Arnold Schoenberg]] [[Dmitri Shostakovich]] [[Jean Sibelius]] [[Igor Stravinsky]] [[Leonard Bernstein]] [[Umm Kulthum]] [[Vladimir Vysotsky]] [[Yo-Yo Ma]] [[Niccolò Paganini]] [[Ravi Shankar]] [[ABBA]] [[Mariah Carey]] [[Cher]] [[David Coverdale]] [[Doris Day]] [[Bruce Dickinson]] [[Ronnie James Dio]] [[Celine Dion]] [[Michael Jackson]] [[Elton John]] [[Madonna]] [[Bob Marley]] [[Dean Martin]] [[Liza Minnelli]] [[Joni Mitchell]] [[Frank Sinatra]] [[Barbra Streisand]] [[Stevie Wonder]] [[Johnny Cash]] [[Bing Crosby]] [[Faith Hill]] [[George Jones]] [[Peter, Paul and Mary]] [[Reba McEntire]] [[Dolly Parton]] [[Hank Williams]] [[Ray Charles]] [[Aretha Franklin]] [[B.B. King]] [[Vangelis]] [[Jerry Goldsmith]] [[Henry Mancini]] [[Ennio Morricone]] [[Richard Rodgers]] [[Miklós Rózsa]] [[Max Steiner]] [[John Williams]] [[James Brown]] [[John Lee Hooker]] [[Stevie Ray Vaughan]] [[Eminem]] [[Dr. Dre]] [[Tupac Shakur]] [[Louis Armstrong]] [[Miles Davis]] [[George Gershwin]] [[Antônio Carlos Jobim]] [[Glenn Miller]] [[Irving Berlin]] [[Jerome Kern]] [[Cole Porter]] [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]] [[Édith Piaf]] [[Lata Mangeshkar]] [[Alla Pugacheva]] [[Mohammed Rafi]] [[Zhou Xuan]] [[AC/DC]] [[John Barry]] [[The Beatles]] [[John Lennon]] [[Paul McCartney]] [[Chuck Berry]] [[David Bowie]] [[Eric Clapton]] [[Joe Cocker]] [[Phil Collins]] [[Alice Cooper]] [[Deep Purple]] [[The Doors]] [[Bob Dylan]] [[Peter Gabriel]] [[Simon & Garfunkel]] [[Jimi Hendrix]] [[Janis Joplin]] [[Metallica]] [[Gary Moore]] [[Nirvana]] [[Ozzy Osbourne]] [[Pink Floyd]] [[Roger Waters]] [[Elvis Presley]] [[Queen]] [[Freddie Mercury]] [[Linda Ronstadt]] [[Black Sabbath]] [[Bruce Springsteen]] [[The Rolling Stones]] [[Keith Richards]] [[Mick Jagger]] [[Tina Turner]] [[U2]] [[Frank Zappa]] [[Led Zeppelin]] ===Wahalifu=== [[Billy the Kid]] [[Jack the Ripper]] [[Al Capone]] [[Pablo Escobar]] ===Waongozaji, watayarishaji, waandishi wa filamu=== [[Woody Allen]] [[Pedro Almodóvar]] [[Robert Altman]] [[Michelangelo Antonioni]] [[Ingmar Bergman]] [[Bernardo Bertolucci]] [[Luis Buñuel]] [[Ken Burns]] [[James Cameron]] [[Frank Capra]] [[Jean Cocteau]] [[Clint Eastwood]] [[Francis Ford Coppola]] [[George Cukor]] [[Walt Disney]] [[Carl Theodor Dreyer]] [[Sergei Eisenstein]] [[Rainer Werner Fassbinder]] [[Federico Fellini]] [[John Ford]] [[Miloš Forman]] [[Bob Fosse]] [[Jean-Luc Godard]] [[Samuel Goldwyn]] [[Terry Gilliam]] [[D. W. Griffith]] [[Alfred Hitchcock]] [[John Huston]] [[Elia Kazan]] [[Raj Kapoor]] [[Takeshi Kitano]] [[Stanley Kubrick]] [[Akira Kurosawa]] [[Fritz Lang]] [[David Lean]] [[Ang Lee]] [[Frank Lloyd]] [[George Lucas]] [[Sidney Lumet]] [[Auguste and Louis Lumière]] [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]] [[Frances Marion]] [[Georges Méliès]] [[Nikita Mikhalkov]] [[Alan Parker]] [[Roman Polanski]] [[Sydney Pollack]] [[Carlo Ponti]] [[Leni Riefenstahl]] [[Satyajit Ray]] [[Jean Renoir]] [[Carlos Saura]] [[Martin Scorsese]] [[David O. Selznick]] [[Mack Sennett]] [[Vittorio De Sica]] [[Aaron Sorkin]] [[Steven Spielberg]] [[Constantin Stanislavski]] [[Oliver Stone]] [[Quentin Tarantino]] [[Andrei Tarkovsky]] [[Irving Thalberg]] [[Giuseppe Tornatore]] [[François Truffaut]] [[Lars von Trier]] [[Luchino Visconti]] [[Dziga Vertov]] [[Hal B. Wallis]] [[Wim Wenders]] [[Orson Welles]] [[Billy Wilder]] [[Robert Wise]] [[William Wyler]] [[Darryl F. Zanuck]] [[Robert Zemeckis]] [[Zhang Yimou]] ===Wafanyabiashara=== [[Marcus Licinius Crassus]] [[Lorenzo de' Medici]] [[Samuel Crompton]] [[Thomas Newcomen]] [[John Jacob Astor]] [[Jamsetji Tata]] [[Andrew Carnegie]] [[P. T. Barnum]] [[James Buchanan Duke]] [[Warren Buffett]] [[Henry Ford]] [[Meyer Guggenheim]] [[Howard Hughes]] [[J. P. Morgan]] [[J. Paul Getty]] [[William Randolph Hearst]] [[John D. Rockefeller]] [[Leland Stanford]] [[Cornelius Vanderbilt]] [[Madam C. J. Walker]] [[George Westinghouse]] [[Coco Chanel]] [[Alan Sugar]] [[Dhirubhai Ambani]] [[Muhammad Yunus]] [[Enzo Ferrari]] [[Ray Kroc]] [[Sam Walton]] [[Mukesh Ambani]] [[Carlos Slim]] [[Sergey Brin]] [[Richard Branson]] [[Bill Gates]] [[Steve Jobs]] [[Rupert Murdoch]] [[Elon Musk]] [[Larry Page]] [[Ted Turner]] [[Oprah Winfrey]] [[Mark Zuckerberg]] ===Wasafiri, wapelelezi=== [[Ibn Battuta]] [[Leif Ericson]] [[Uenezi wa Wazungu]] [[Willem Barentsz]] [[John Cabot]] [[Pedro Álvares Cabral]] [[Jacques Cartier]] [[Christopher Columbus]] [[Hernán Cortés]] [[Francis Drake]] [[Juan Sebastián Elcano]] [[Vasco da Gama]] [[Ferdinand Magellan]] [[Ponce de Leon]] [[Francisco Pizarro]] [[Marco Polo]] [[Hernando de Soto]] [[Abel Tasman]] [[Amerigo Vespucci]] [[Zheng He]] [[Vitus Bering]] [[James Cook]] [[Alexander von Humboldt]] [[David Livingstone]] [[Henry Morton Stanley]] [[Roald Amundsen]] [[Neil Armstrong]] [[Yuri Gagarin]] [[John Glenn]] [[Edmund Hillary]] [[Tenzing Norgay]] ===Wanafalsafa=== [[Aristotle]] [[Augustino wa Hippo]] [[Confucius]] [[Democritus]] [[Diogenes wa Sinope]] [[Epicurus]] [[Gorgias]] [[Han Fei]] [[Heraclitus]] [[Laozi]] [[Li Si]] [[Mencius]] [[Parmenides]] [[Plato]] [[Plotinus]] [[Seneca the Younger]] [[Shang Yang]] [[Socrates]] [[Thales]] [[Xunzi]] [[Zeno wa Citium]] [[Zeno wa Elea]] [[Zhuangzi]] [[Peter Abelard]] [[Averroes]] [[Boethius]] [[Francis Bacon]] [[Giordano Bruno]] [[Hasdai Crescas]] [[Duns Scotus]] [[Maimonides]] [[Nicholas wa Cusa]] [[Thomas Aquinas]] [[Wang Yangming]] [[William wa Ockham]] [[Zhu Xi]] [[George Berkeley]] [[Johan Amos Comenius]] [[René Descartes]] [[Denis Diderot]] [[Friedrich Engels]] [[Desiderius Erasmus]] [[Hugo Grotius]] [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] [[Thomas Hobbes]] [[David Hume]] [[William James]] [[Immanuel Kant]] [[Søren Kierkegaard]] [[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing]] [[John Locke]] [[John Stuart Mill]] [[Montesquieu]] [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] [[Max Scheler]] [[Friedrich Schleiermacher]] [[Arthur Schopenhauer]] [[Herbert Spencer]] [[Baruch Spinoza]] [[Emanuel Swedenborg]] [[Voltaire]] [[Theodor W. Adorno]] [[Raymond Aron]] [[Mikhail Bakunin]] [[Simone de Beauvoir]] [[Henri Bergson]] [[Isaiah Berlin]] [[Martin Buber]] [[Albert Camus]] [[Ernst Cassirer]] [[Benedetto Croce]] [[Gilles Deleuze]] [[Jacques Derrida]] [[John Dewey]] [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]] [[Ludwig Feuerbach]] [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]] [[Gottlob Frege]] [[Yan Fu]] [[Hans-Georg Gadamer]] [[Jürgen Habermas]] [[Martin Heidegger]] [[Edmund Husserl]] [[Thomas Kuhn]] [[Imre Lakatos]] [[Marshall McLuhan]] [[Maurice Merleau-Ponty]] [[Maria Montessori]] [[Karl Popper]] [[Pierre-Joseph Proudhon]] [[John Rawls]] [[Bertrand Russell]] [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] [[Henry David Thoreau]] [[Alexis de Tocqueville]] [[Miguel de Unamuno]] [[Alfred North Whitehead]] [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]] [[Kang Youwei]] ===Wanahistoria=== [[Eusebi wa Kaisarea]] [[Herodotus]] [[Livy]] [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] [[Tacitus]] [[Thucydides]] [[Sima Qian]] [[Xenophon]] [[Beda Mheshimiwa]] [[Ibn Khaldun]] [[Rashid-al-Din Hamadani]] [[Edward Gibbon]] [[Leopold von Ranke]] [[Adolphe Thiers]] [[Fernand Braudel]] [[Michel Foucault]] [[Christopher Hill]] [[Theodor Mommsen]] [[A. J. P. Taylor]] [[Barbara W. Tuchman]] [[Frederick Jackson Turner]] ===Wachumi=== [[Thomas Robert Malthus]] [[François Quesnay]] [[David Ricardo]] [[Adam Smith]] [[Milton Friedman]] [[Hermann Heinrich Gossen]] [[John Maynard Keynes]] [[Peter Kropotkin]] [[Paul Krugman]] [[Gunnar Myrdal]] [[John Forbes Nash, Jr.]] [[Bertil Ohlin]] [[Karl Polanyi]] [[Paul Samuelson]] [[Joseph Schumpeter]] [[William Vickrey]] ===Wanaisimu=== [[Mesrop]] [[Pāṇini]] [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] [[Noam Chomsky]] [[Roman Jakobson]] [[Ferdinand de Saussure]] [[Roland Barthes]] ===Wanasayansi wa jamii=== [[Pierre Bourdieu]] [[Auguste Comte]] [[Émile Durkheim]] [[Norbert Elias]] [[Anthony Giddens]] [[Erving Gwafman]] [[Bruno Latour]] [[Niklas Luhmann]] [[Robert K. Merton]] [[Talcott Parsons]] [[Pitirim Sorokin]] [[Max Weber]] [[C. Wright Mills]] ===Wanasayansi wa siasa=== [[Chanakya]] [[Niccolò Machiavelli]] [[Thomas More]] [[Tommaso Campanella]] [[Edmund Burke]] [[Judith Butler]] [[Antonio Gramsci]] [[Thomas Paine]] [[Rosa Luxemburg]] [[Karl Marx]] [[Hans Morgenthau]] [[Hannah Arendt]] ===Wanasayansi wa nafsi=== [[Alfred Adler]] [[Gordon Allport]] [[Albert Bandura]] [[Raymond Cattell]] [[Hans Eysenck]] [[Albert Ellis]] [[Erik Erikson]] [[Gustav Fechner]] [[Leon Festinger]] [[Sigmund Freud]] [[Erich Fromm]] [[Jane Goodall]] [[Donald O. Hebb]] [[Hermann von Helmholtz]] [[Karl Jaspers]] [[Carl Jung]] [[Kurt Lewin]] [[Abraham Maslow]] [[David McClelland]] [[George Armitage Miller]] [[Ivan Pavlov]] [[Jean Piaget]] [[Carl Rogers]] [[Otto Rank]] [[Stanley Schachter]] [[B. F. Skinner]] [[Benjamin Spock]] [[Edward Thorndike]] [[John B. Watson]] [[Wilhelm Wundt]] [[Lev Vygotsky]] ===Wanaanthropolojia=== [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]] [[Margaret Mead]] ===Wataalamu wa sanaa=== [[Walter Benjamin]] [[Clement Greenberg]] [[Erwin Panwasky]] [[Edward Said]] ===Wanadini=== [[Abrahamu]] [[Adamu]] [[Danieli (Biblia)]] [[Daudi (Biblia)|Daudi]] [[Nabii Elia]] [[Ezra]] [[Malaika Gabrieli]] [[Isaya]] [[Yakobo-Israeli]] [[Yosefu (babu)]] [[Moses]] [[Noah]] [[Solomoni]] [[Bikira Maria]] [[Yesu]] [[Mtume Yohane]] [[Yohane Mbatizaji]] [[Mtume Paulo]] [[Mtume Petro]] [[Arius]] [[Athanasius]] [[Bazili wa Kaisarea]] [[Yohane Krisostomo]] [[Klementi wa Aleksandria]] [[Sirili wa Aleksandria]] [[Yohane wa Damasko]] [[Sirili]] na [[Methodio]] [[Gregori wa Nazianzo]] [[Nestori]] [[Nikola wa Myra]] [[Patriarki Nikon]] [[Gregori wa Nisa]] [[Origen]] [[Papa Clement I]] [[Papa Gregori I]] [[Papa Yohane XXIII]] [[Papa Leo I]] [[Papa Paulo VI]] [[Papa Pius IX]] [[Jacobus Arminius]] [[Karl Barth]] [[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]] [[John Calvin]] [[Thomas Cranmer]] [[Mary Baker Eddy]] [[Billy Graham]] [[John Knox]] [[Philipp Melanchthon]] [[Menno Simons]] [[Joseph Smith]] [[Charles Spurgeon]] [[John Wesley]] [[Huldrych Zwingli]] [[Ambrosi]] [[Fransisko wa Assisi]] [[Bonaventura]] [[Kolumba]] [[Yohane wa Msalaba]] [[Saint George]] [[Jan Hus]] [[Irenaeus]] [[Jeromu]] [[Ignasi wa Loyola]] [[Benedikto wa Nursia]] [[Tertullian]] [[Tomás de Torquemada]] [[John Wycliffe]] [[Fransisko Saveri]] [[Fatimah]] [[Muhammad]] [[Ali ibn Abu Talib]] [[Hussein ibn Ali]] [[Ja'far al-Sadiq]] [[Muhammad al-Bukhari]] [[Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj]] [[Al-Nawawi]] [[Al-Shafi‘i]] [[Malik ibn Anas]] [[Ahmad ibn Hanbal]] [[Abū Ḥanīfa]] [[Ibn Taymiyyah]] [[Judah Loew ben Bezalel]] [[Vilna Gaon]] [[Akiva ben Joseph]] [[Rashi]] [[Baal Shem Tov]] [[Al-Ghazali]] [[Ibn Arabi]] [[Gautama Buddha]] [[Thich Nhat Hanh]] [[14th Dalai Lama]] [[Nagarjuna]] [[Padmasambhava]] [[Bodhidharma]] [[Huineng]] [[Huiyuan (Mbuddha)]] [[Kumārajīva]] [[Zhiyi]] [[Ananda]] [[Maudgalyayana]] [[Sariputta]] [[Vasubandhu]] [[Dōgen]] [[Kūkai]] [[Kanada]] [[Kapila]] [[Patanjali]] [[Valmiki]] [[Vyasa]] [[Basava]] [[Kumārila Bhaṭṭa]] [[Gaudapada]] [[Madhvacharya]] [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]] [[Ramanuja]] [[Adi Shankara]] [[Sri Aurobindo]] [[Ramana Maharshi]] [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]] [[Ramakrishna]] [[Swami Vivekananda]] [[Paramahansa Yogananda]] [[Báb]] [[Bahá'u'lláh]] [[Guru Nanak]] [[Guru Gobind Singh]] [[Zoroaster]] [[Nostradamus]] [[Grigori Rasputin]] ===Wanasiasa na viongozi=== [[Cyrus the Great]] [[Semiramis]] [[Qin Shi Huang]] [[Sun Tzu]] [[Ashoka]] [[Chandragupta Maurya]] [[Croesus]] [[Hammurabi]] [[Mithridate VI]] [[Malkia wa Sheba]] [[Dario I]] [[Gaozu wa Han]] [[Akhenaten]] [[Cleopatra]] [[Djoser]] [[Hatshepsut]] [[Nefertiti]] [[Ptahhotep]] [[Ptolemy I Soter]] [[Ramesses II]] [[Thutmose III]] [[Tutankhamun]] [[Seti I]] [[Antoninus Pius]] [[Augustus]] [[Caligula]] [[Konstantino Mkuu]] [[Domitian]] [[Julius Caesar]] [[Marcus Aurelius]] [[Nero]] [[Theodosius I]] [[Tiberius]] [[Trajan]] [[Attila]] [[Pyrrhus wa Epirus]] [[Seleucus I Nicator]] [[Aleksanda Mkuu]] [[Filipo II wa Makedonia]] [[Alcibiades]] [[Demosthenes]] [[Pericles]] [[Solon]] [[Alaric I]] [[Arminius]] [[Boudica]] [[Vercingetorix]] [[Hannibal]] [[Basil II]] [[Heraclius]] [[Justinian I]] [[Kaisari Leo III]] [[Manuel I Komnenos]] [[Abu Bakr]] [[Harun al-Rashid]] [[Muawiyah I]] [[Umar]] [[Uthman ibn Affan]] [[Batu Khan]] [[Hulagu Khan]] [[Timur]] [[Ulugh Beg]] [[Kublai Khan]] [[Genghis Khan]] [[Ögedei Khan]] [[Mehmed II]] [[Osman I]] [[Saladin]] [[Matthias Corvinus]] [[Simeoni I wa Bulgaria]] [[Stefano wa Hungaria|Stefano I wa Hungaria]] [[Vlad the Impaler]] [[Alfredi Mkuu]] [[Edward I wa Uingereza]] [[Henry II wa Uingereza]] [[John wa Uingereza]] [[Richard I wa Uingereza]] [[William I wa Uingereza]] [[Charlemagne]] [[Chlothar I]] [[Clovis I]] [[Louis the Pious]] [[Louis XI wa Ufaransa]] [[Filipo II wa Ufaransa]] [[Filipo IV wa Ufaransa]] [[Arnulf wa Carinthia]] [[Charles the Fat]] [[Henry the Fowler]] [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Charles the Bald]] [[Frederick I Barbarossa]] [[Frederick II]] [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Otto I]] [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Girolamo Savonarola]] [[Lucrezia Borgia]] [[Papa Alexander VI]] [[Papa Boniface VIII]] [[Papa Gregori VII]] [[Papa Innocent III]] [[Bolesław I Chrobry]] [[Jogaila]] [[Mieszko I wa Poland]] [[Alexander Nevsky]] [[Ivan III wa Russia]] [[Sviatoslav I wa Kiev]] [[Vladimir the Great]] [[Theoderic the Great]] [[Afonso I wa Portugal]] [[Cnut the Great]] [[Ferdinand II wa Aragon]] [[Henry the Navigator]] [[Isabella I wa Castile]] [[Lothair I]] [[Atahualpa]] [[Moctezuma II]] [[Sitting Bull]] [[Alexander Hamilton]] [[George Washington]] [[James Madison]] [[John Adams]] [[Thomas Jefferson]] [[Abbas I wa Persia]] [[Babur]] [[Humayun]] [[Oda Nobunaga]] [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] [[Akbar]] [[Aurangzeb]] [[Shah Jahan]] [[Mehmed IV]] [[Selim I]] [[Selim III]] [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] [[Charles I wa Uingereza]] [[Elizabeth I wa Uingereza]] [[Henry VIII]] [[James VI and I]] [[Mary I wa England]] [[Mary, Queen wa Scots]] [[Robert Walpole]] [[William III wa Uingereza]] [[William Pitt the Younger]] [[Marie Antoinette]] [[Cardinal Mazarin]] [[Cardinal Richelieu]] [[Catherine de' Medici]] [[Francis I wa Ufaransa]] [[Henry IV wa Ufaransa]] [[Louis XIV wa Ufaransa]] [[Louis XV wa Ufaransa]] [[Louis XVI wa Ufaransa]] [[Karolo V]] [[Ferdinand I]] [[Joseph II]] [[Leopold I]] [[Maria Theresa]] [[Maximilian I]] [[Papa Clement VII]] [[Papa Julius II]] [[John III Sobieski]] [[Sigismund III Vasa]] [[Alexis wa Russia]] [[Boris Godunov]] [[Catherine the Great]] [[Elizabeth wa Russia]] [[Ivan the Terrible]] [[Petro Mkuu]] [[Charles XII wa Sweden]] [[Christian IV wa Denmark]] [[Frederick the Great]] [[Filipo II wa Hispania]] [[Philip V wa Spain]] [[William the Silent]] [[Haile Selassie]] [[Idi Amin]] [[Julius Nyerere]] [[Abdelkader El Djezairi]] [[Anwar Sadat]] [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] [[Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Muhammad Ali wa Misri]] [[Cecil Rhodes]] [[Hastings Banda]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[Nelson Mandela]] [[Robert Mugabe]] [[Shaka]] [[Kwai Annan]] [[Kwame Nkrumah]] [[Léopold Sédar Senghor]] [[Pedro I wa Brazil]] [[Pedro II wa Brazil]] [[Pierre Trudeau]] [[Daniel Ortega]] [[Fidel Castro]] [[Benito Juárez]] [[Porfirio Díaz]] [[Alfredo Stroessner]] [[Augusto Pinochet]] [[Eva Perón]] [[Hugo Chávez]] [[José de San Martín]] [[Salvador Allende]] [[Simón Bolívar]] [[George W. Bush]] [[Jimmy Carter]] [[Bill Clinton]] [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] [[Andrew Jackson]] [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] [[John F. Kennedy]] [[Henry Kissinger]] [[Abraham Lincoln]] [[Douglas MacArthur]] [[James Monroe]] [[Richard Nixon]] [[Barack Obama]] [[James K. Polk]] [[Ronald Reagan]] [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] [[Theodore Roosevelt]] [[Harry S. Truman]] [[Woodrow Wilson]] [[Empress Dowager Cixi]] [[Zhou Enlai]] [[Hu Jintao]] [[Chiang Kai-shek]] [[Puyi]] [[Deng Xiaoping]] [[Sun Yat-sen]] [[Mao Zedong]] [[Park Chung-hee]] [[Hirohito]] [[Kim Il-sung]] [[Emperor Meiji]] [[Eisaku Satō]] [[Heydar Aliyev]] [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] [[Saparmurat Niyazov]] [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] [[Indira Gandhi]] [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] [[Vallabhbhai Patel]] [[Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibar Rahman]] [[Corazon Aquino]] [[Ferdinand Marcos]] [[Ho Chi Minh]] [[Mahathir Mohamad]] [[Pol Pot]] [[Suharto]] [[Sukarno]] [[Lee Kuan Yew]] [[Benazir Bhutto]] [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] [[David Ben-Gurion]] [[Abdul Hamid II]] [[Saddam Hussein]] [[Mahmud II]] [[Golda Meir]] [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand wa Austria]] [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Franz Joseph I wa Austria]] [[Klemens von Metternich]] [[Alexander Dubček]] [[Enver Hoxha]] [[Leonid Kuchma]] [[Josip Broz Tito]] [[Józef Piłsudski]] [[Lech Wałęsa]] [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] [[Slobodan Milošević]] [[Václav Havel]] [[Charles de Gaulle]] [[François Mitterrand]] [[Louis Philippe I]] [[Napoleon]] [[Napoleon III]] [[Adolf Hitler]] [[Erich Honecker]] [[Willy Brandt]] [[Helmut Kohl]] [[Konrad Adenauer]] [[Otto von Bismarck]] [[Joseph Goebbels]] [[Wilhelm II]] [[William I]] [[Papa Yohane Paulo II]] [[Alexander II wa Russia]] [[Boris Yeltsin]] [[Eduard Shevardnadze]] [[Joseph Stalin]] [[Leonid Brezhnev]] [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] [[Nikola I wa Urusi]] [[Nikola II wa Urusi]] [[Nikita Khrushchev]] [[Benjamin Disraeli]] [[Clement Attlee]] [[Diana, Princess wa Wales]] [[Elizabeth II]] [[Margaret Thatcher]] [[Queen Victoria]] [[William Ewart Gladstone]] [[Winston Churchill]] [[Robert Baden-Powell]] [[António de Oliveira Salazar]] [[Benito Mussolini]] [[Camillo Benso, Count wa Cavour]] [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]] [[Charles XIV John wa Sweden]] [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] [[Francisco Franco]] [[Gro Harlem Brundtland]] [[Juan Carlos I wa Spain]] [[Leopold II wa Ubelgiji]] [[Christian Michelsen]] [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] [[Alcide De Gasperi]] ===Viongozi wa sasa=== [[António Guterres]] [[Papa Fransisko]] [[Jair Bolsonaro]] [[Justin Trudeau]] [[Xi Jinping]] [[Emmanuel Macron]] [[Angela Merkel]] [[Narendra Modi]] [[Giuseppe Conte]] [[Shinzō Abe]] [[Vladimir Putin]] [[Boris Johnson]] [[Joe Biden]] ===Wanajeshi=== [[Flavius Aetius]] [[Pompeo]] [[Scipio Africanus]] [[Sulla]] [[Eugene wa Savoy]] [[Alexander Suvorov]] [[Carl von Clausewitz]] [[Ulysses S. Grant]] [[T. E. Lawrence]] [[Robert E. Lee]] [[George Marshall]] [[Horatio Nelson]] [[Erwin Rommel]] [[Vo Nguyen Giap]] [[Arthur Wellesley]] [[Georgy Zhukov]] ===Wanamapinduzi na wanaharakati=== [[Steve Biko]] [[Thomas Sankara]] [[Yasser Arafat]] [[Aung San Suu Kyi]] [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] [[Osama bin Laden]] [[Yoana wa Arc]] [[Oliver Cromwell]] [[Georges Danton]] [[Vladimir Lenin]] [[Vasil Levski]] [[Martin Luther]] [[Florence Nightingale]] [[Emilia Plater]] [[Gavrilo Princip]] [[Maximilien de Robespierre]] [[Spartacus]] [[Mama Teresa]] [[Leon Trotsky]] [[William Wallace]] [[Simon Wiesenthal]] [[Che Guevara]] [[Pancho Villa]] [[Susan B. Anthony]] [[Emma Goldman]] [[Al Gore]] [[Mother Jones]] [[Helen Keller]] [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] [[Rosa Parks]] [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]] [[Sojourner Truth]] [[Harriet Tubman]] [[Malcolm X]] ===Wanasayansi na wavumbuzi=== [[Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī]] [[Archimedes]] [[Apollonius wa Perga]] [[Archytas]] [[Aryabhata]] [[Diophantus]] [[Eratosthenes]] [[Euclid]] [[Eudoxus wa Cnidus]] [[Hipparchus]] [[Hippocrates]] [[Hypatia]] [[Pappus wa Alexandria]] [[Ptolemy]] [[Pythagoras]] [[Su Song]] [[Alhacen]] [[Bhāskara II]] [[Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī]] [[Nasir al-Din al-Tusi]] [[Avicenna]] [[Brahmagupta]] [[Fibonacci]] [[Geber]] [[William Gilbert]] [[Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi]] [[Seki Takakazu]] [[Astronomy]] [[Tycho Brahe]] [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] [[Galileo Galilei]] [[Edmond Halley]] [[William Herschel]] [[Edwin Hubble]] [[Johannes Kepler]] [[Ole Rømer]] [[Carl Sagan]] [[Early modern]] [[Robert Hooke]] [[Christiaan Huygens]] [[Mikhail Lomonosov]] [[Isaac Newton]] [[André-Marie Ampère]] [[Amedeo Avogadro]] [[Johann Jakob Balmer]] [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin]] [[Henri Becquerel]] [[Hans Bethe]] [[Niels Bohr]] [[Ludwig Boltzmann]] [[Max Born]] [[William Henry Bragg]] [[Henry Cavendish]] [[James Chadwick]] [[Steven Chu]] [[Marie Curie]] [[Pierre Curie]] [[John Dalton]] [[James Dewar]] [[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]] [[Paul Dirac]] [[Albert Einstein]] [[Michael Faraday]] [[Enrico Fermi]] [[Richard Feynman]] [[Léon Foucault]] [[Augustin-Jean Fresnel]] [[Stephen Hawking]] [[Werner Heisenberg]] [[James Prescott Joule]] [[Gustav Kirchhwaf]] [[Lev Landau]] [[Ernest Lawrence]] [[Hendrik Lorentz]] [[Ernst Mach]] [[James Clerk Maxwell]] [[Lise Meitner]] [[Albert A. Michelson]] [[Robert Andrews Millikan]] [[Pieter van Musschenbroek]] [[Georg Ohm]] [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]] [[Wolfgang Pauli]] [[Max Planck]] [[C. V. Raman]] [[Wilhelm Röntgen]] [[Andrei Sakharov]] [[Erwin Schrödinger]] [[Arnold Sommerfeld]] [[G. I. Taylor]] [[Edward Teller]] [[J. J. Thomson]] [[Thomas Young]] [[Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich]] [[Hans Christian Ørsted]] [[Murray Gell-Mann]] [[Wallace Carothers]] [[George FitzGerald]] [[Victor Francis Hess]] [[Gerard 't Howat]] [[Alfred Kastler]] [[Philipp Lenard]] [[Osborne Reynolds]] [[Johannes Rydberg]] [[Michael Servetus]] [[Joseph Stefan]] [[John Hasbrouck Van Vleck]] [[Eugene Wigner]] [[Robert Wilson]] [[Svante Arrhenius]] [[Jöns Jacob Berzelius]] [[Humphry Davy]] [[Robert Boyle]] [[Peter Debye]] [[Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac]] [[Josiah Willard Gibbs]] [[Otto Hahn]] [[Jacobus Henricus van 't Hwaf]] [[Dorothy Hodgkin]] [[Antoine Lavoisier]] [[Justus von Liebig]] [[Dmitri Mendeleev]] [[Joseph Priestley]] [[Tadeus Reichstein]] [[Ernest Rutherford]] [[Frederick Soddy]] [[Linus Pauling]] [[Gilbert Lewis]] [[Fritz Haber]] [[Frederick Sanger]] [[Vladimir Vernadsky]] [[Robert Burns Woodward]] [[Carl Bosch]] [[Norman Borlaug]] [[Santiago Ramón y Cajal]] [[Francis Crick]] [[Thomas Henry Huxley]] [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck]] [[Antonie van Leeuwenhoek]] [[Carl Linnaeus]] [[Konrad Lorenz]] [[Gregor Mendel]] [[Alfred Russel Wallace]] [[James Watson]] [[Medicine]] [[Claude Bernard]] [[Casimir Funk]] [[William Harvey]] [[Robert Koch]] [[Paracelsus]] [[Louis Pasteur]] [[Jonas Salk]] [[Andreas Vesalius]] [[John James Audubon]] [[Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon]] [[Sadi Carnot]] [[Rachel Carson]] [[Jacques Cousteau]] [[Charles Darwin]] [[Alexander Fleming]] [[Galen]] [[Ernst Haeckel]] [[Edward Jenner]] [[Richard Leakey]] [[John Logie Baird]] [[John Bardeen]] [[Georg Bednorz]] [[Alexander Graham Bell]] [[Karl Benz]] [[Emile Berliner]] [[Gerd Binnig]] [[Wernher von Braun]] [[David Brewster]] [[Ndugu Wright]] [[Nolan Bushnell]] [[Josephine Cochrane]] [[Christopher Cockerell]] [[Louis Daguerre]] [[Raymond Vahan Damadian]] [[Rudolf Diesel]] [[George Eastman]] [[Thomas Edison]] [[Leo Fender]] [[Lee De Forest]] [[Benjamin Franklin]] [[Buckminster Fuller]] [[Robert Fulton]] [[Gordon Gould]] [[Wilson Greatbatch]] [[Johannes Gutenberg]] [[Elias Howe]] [[Joseph Marie Jacquard]] [[Robert Jarvik]] [[Philippe Kahn]] [[John George Kemeny]] [[Jack Kilby]] [[Stephanie Kwolek]] [[Jaron Lanier]] [[Ignacy Łukasiewicz]] [[Guglielmo Marconi]] [[Cyrus McCormick]] [[Robert Metcalfe]] [[Samuel Morse]] [[Alfred Nobel]] [[Robert Noyce]] [[Charles Algernon Parsons]] [[Roy J. Plunkett]] [[William Shockley]] [[Alan Shugart]] [[Isaac Singer]] [[Nikola Tesla]] [[Alessandro Volta]] [[Ernest Walton]] [[James Watt]] [[Wilhelm Eduard Weber]] [[Eli Whitney]] [[Charles Wilson]] ===Wanahisabati=== [[Daniel Bernoulli]] [[Jacob Bernoulli]] [[Bonaventura Cavalieri]] [[Jean le Rond d'Alembert]] [[Leonhard Euler]] [[Pierre de Fermat]] [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]] [[Blaise Pascal]] [[Niels Henrik Abel]] [[Vladimir Arnold]] [[Stefan Banach]] [[Isaac Barrow]] [[George Boole]] [[Georg Cantor]] [[Élie Cartan]] [[Augustin-Louis Cauchy]] [[Richard Dedekind]] [[Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet]] [[Gotthold Eisenstein]] [[Ronald Fisher]] [[Joseph Fourier]] [[Évariste Galois]] [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] [[Alexander Grothendieck]] [[Kurt Gödel]] [[Jacques Hadamard]] [[William Hamilton]] [[G. H. Hardy]] [[Charles Hermite]] [[David Hilbert]] [[Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi]] [[Felix Klein]] [[Andrey Kolmogorov]] [[Joseph Louis Lagrange]] [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] [[Nikolai Lobachevsky]] [[Benoit Mandelbrot]] [[Pierre Louis Maupertuis]] [[Gaspard Monge]] [[John von Neumann]] [[Emmy Noether]] [[Grigori Perelman]] [[Henri Poincaré]] [[Jean-Victor Poncelet]] [[Srinivasa Ramanujan]] [[Bernhard Riemann]] [[James Harris Simons]] [[Karl Weierstrass]] [[Hermann Weyl]] [[John Vincent Atanaswaf]] [[Charles Babbage]] [[Tim Berners-Lee]] [[Dan Bricklin]] [[Seymour Cray]] [[Ward Cunningham]] [[Edsger W. Dijkstra]] [[Douglas Engelbart]] [[Herman Hollerith]] [[Gary Kildall]] [[Donald Knuth]] [[Ada Lovelace]] [[Dennis Ritchie]] [[Richard Stallman]] [[Linus Torvalds]] [[Alan Turing]] [[Niklaus Wirth]] [[Steve Wozniak]] [[Konrad Zuse]] ===Wanahabari=== [[Christiane Amanpour]] [[Robert Fisk]] [[John Pilger]] [[Arun Shourie]] [[Ed Bradley]] [[Tom Brokaw]] [[Walter Cronkite]] [[Hedda Hopper]] [[David McCullough]] [[Edward R. Murrow]] [[Joseph Pulitzer]] [[Dan Rather]] [[Geraldo Rivera]] [[John Stossel]] [[Ed Sullivan]] [[Mike Wallace]] [[Barbara Walters]] [[Walter Winchell]] [[Bob Woodward]] ===Wanamichezo=== [[Roger Bannister]] [[Usain Bolt]] [[Bob Beamon]] [[Sergey Bubka]] [[Sebastian Coe]] [[Dick Fosbury]] [[Haile Gebrselassie]] [[Eric Heiden]] [[Stefka Kostadinova]] [[Jackie Joyner-Kersee]] [[Rafer Johnson]] [[Yelena Isinbayeva]] [[Sawao Kato]] [[Carl Lewis]] [[Kipchoge Keino]] [[Bobby Morrow]] [[Edwin Moses]] [[Paavo Nurmi]] [[Jesse Owens]] [[Lilia Podkopayeva]] [[Wilma Rudolph]] [[Babe Didrikson Zaharias]] [[Emil Zátopek]] [[Jean-Claude Killy]] [[Hermann Maier]] [[Annemarie Moser-Pröll]] [[Ingemar Stenmark]] [[Lindsey Vonn]] [[Jim Brown]] [[O. J. Simpson]] [[Jerry Rice]] [[Johnny Unitas]] [[Lin Dan]] [[Peter Gade]] [[Kareem Abdul-Jabbar]] [[Sergei Belov]] [[Larry Bird]] [[Wilt Chamberlain]] [[Tim Duncan]] [[Magic Johnson]] [[Michael Jordan]] [[Dražen Petrović]] [[Bill Russell]] [[Arvydas Sabonis]] [[Hank Aaron]] [[Ty Cobb]] [[Lou Gehrig]] [[Willie Mays]] [[Jackie Robinson]] [[Babe Ruth]] [[Ole Einar Bjørndalen]] [[Jacques Anquetil]] [[Gino Bartali]] [[Fausto Coppi]] [[Bernard Hinault]] [[Miguel Indurain]] [[Eddy Merckx]] [[Muhammad Ali]] [[Henry Armstrong]] [[Jack Dempsey]] [[Rocky Marciano]] [[Joe Louis]] [[Ingemar Johansson]] [[Sugar Ray Robinson]] [[Sugar Ray Leonard]] [[Bobby Fischer]] [[Garry Kasparov]] [[Don Bradman]] [[W.G. Grace]] [[Sachin Tendulkar]] [[Reiner Klimke]] [[Luciana Aymar]] [[Dhyan Chand]] [[Robin Cousins]] [[Scott Hamilton]] [[Sonja Henie]] [[Michelle Kwan]] [[Tara Lipinski]] [[Axel Paulsen]] [[Irina Rodnina]] [[Ben Hogan]] [[Bobby Jones]] [[Jack Nicklaus]] [[Arnold Palmer]] [[Gary Player]] [[Annika Sörenstam]] [[Lee Trevino]] [[Tiger Woods]] [[Nadia Comăneci]] [[Olga Korbut]] [[Larisa Latynina]] [[Li Ning]] [[Vitaly Scherbo]] [[Ludmilla Tourischeva]] [[Wayne Gretzky]] [[Valeri Kharlamov]] [[Gordie Howe]] [[Bobby Hull]] [[Mario Lemieux]] [[Sergei Makarov]] [[Bobby Orr]] [[Maurice Richard]] [[Vladislav Tretiak]] [[Mario Andretti]] [[Juan Manuel Fangio]] [[Alain Prost]] [[Michael Schumacher]] [[Ayrton Senna]] [[Jackie Stewart]] [[Bjørn Dæhlie]] [[Matti Nykänen]] [[Ben Ainslie]] [[Paul Elvstrøm]] [[Franz Beckenbauer]] [[David Beckham]] [[Gianluigi Buffon]] [[Iker Casillas]] [[Bobby Charlton]] [[Johan Cruyff]] [[Alfredo Di Stéfano]] [[Eusébio]] [[Sir Alex Ferguson]] [[Garrincha]] [[Mia Hamm]] [[Diego Maradona]] [[Lionel Messi]] [[Gerd Müller]] [[Michel Platini]] [[Ferenc Puskas]] [[Ronaldo]] [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] [[Pelé]] [[Marco van Basten]] [[Lev Yashin]] [[Zinedine Zidane]] [[Bonnie Blair]] [[Johann Olav Koss]] [[Jim Thorpe]] [[Mark Spitz]] [[Michael Phelps]] [[Greg Louganis]] [[Jan-Ove Waldner]] [[Ivano Balić]] [[Anja Andersen]] [[Andre Agassi]] [[Björn Borg]] [[Margaret Court]] [[Chris Evert]] [[Roger Federer]] [[Pancho Gonzales]] [[Steffi Graf]] [[Billie Jean King]] [[Rod Laver]] [[Suzanne Lenglen]] [[John McEnroe]] [[Rafael Nadal]] [[Martina Navratilova]] [[Pete Sampras]] [[Bill Tilden]] [[Serena Williams]] [[Karch Kiraly]] [[Sepp Blatter]] [[Pierre de Coubertin]] [[Juan Antonio Samaranch]] ===Wahusika wa fasihi na mitholojia=== [[Achilles]] [[Aeneas]] [[Agamemnon]] [[Andromeda]] [[Argonauts]] [[King Arthur]] [[Atlas (mitholojia)]] [[Beowulf]] [[Castor and Pollux]] [[Cyclops]] [[Cerberus]] [[Grendel]] [[Hansel na Gretel]] [[Heracles]] [[Jason]] [[Electra]] [[Europa]] [[Ganymede]] [[Helena wa Troia]] [[Medea]] [[Medusa]] [[Odysseus]] [[Oedipus]] [[Orion]] [[Perseus]] [[Peter Pan]] [[Roland]] [[Sphinx]] [[Sirens]] [[Batman]] [[Mickey Mouse]] [[Snow White]] [[Superman]] [[Tintin]] [[Baba Yaga]] [[Santa Claus]] [[Aladdin]] [[James Bond]] [[The Cat in the Hat]] [[Count Dracula]] [[Sherlock Holmes]] [[Tarzan]] [[The Three Musketeers]] [[Superhero]] {{Div col end}} ==Historia== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Historia]] [[Ustaarabu]] [[Historia ya dunia]] [[Historia ya ulimwengu]] [[Masijala]] [[Biografia]] [[Ngome]] [[Estates of the realm]] [[Bourgeoisie]] [[Nobility]] [[Kaisari]] [[Ukabaila]] [[Graf]] [[Zaka]] [[Akiolojia]] [[Archaeological culture]] [[Archaeogenetics]] [[Chronology]] [[Diplomatics]] [[Epigrafia]] [[Genealogy]] [[Heraldry]] [[Ngao]] [[Historiografia]] [[Conspiracy theory]] [[Numismatics]] [[Palaeography]] [[Philately]] [[Falsafa ya historia]] [[Historia ya sayansi]] [[Historia ya kilimo]] [[Historia ya astronomia]] [[Historia ya uanahewa]] [[Historia ya biolojia]] [[Historia ya kemia]] [[Historia ya jiografia]] [[Historia ya jiolojia]] [[Historia ya fizikia]] [[Historia ya hisabati]] [[Historia ya uchumi]] [[Historia ya lugha]] [[Historia ya saikolojia]] [[Historia ya sosholojia]] [[Historia ya teknolojia]] [[Historia ya utabibu]] [[Historia ya utarakilishi]] [[Historia ya uandishi]] [[Historia ya sanaa]] [[Historia ya sanaa]] [[Cultural history]] [[Historia ya usanifu majengo]] [[Historia ya filamu]] [[Legal history]] [[Historia ya fasihi]] [[Historia ya majeshi]] [[Historia ya muziki]] [[Historia ya falsafa]] [[Historia ya dini]] [[Historia ya Ubuddha]] [[Historia ya Uyahudi]] [[Historia ya Ukristo]] [[Historia ya Uhindu]] [[Historia ya Islam]] [[Historia ya Afrika]] [[Historia ya Amerika]] [[Historia ya Amerika Kaskazini]] [[Historia ya Amerika Kusini]] [[Historia ya Antaktika]] [[Historia ya Asia]] [[Historia ya Ulaya]] [[Historia ya Oceania]] [[Historia ya Amerika ya Kati]] [[Historia ya Karibi]] [[Historia ya Balkani]] [[Historia ya Mashariki ya Kati]] [[Historia ya Skandinavia]] [[Historia ya Misri]] [[Historia ya Eritrea]] [[Historia ya Ethiopia]] [[Historia ya Ghana]] [[Historia ya Libya]] [[Historia ya Madagaska]] [[Historia ya Moroko]] [[Historia ya Nigeria]] [[Historia ya Senegal]] [[Historia ya Sierra Leone]] [[Historia ya Somalia]] [[Historia ya Afrika Kusini]] [[Historia ya Sudan]] [[Historia ya Argentina]] [[Historia ya Bolivia]] [[Historia ya Brazil]] [[Historia ya Kanada]] [[Historia ya Chile]] [[Historia ya Kolombia]] [[Historia ya Kuba]] [[Historia ya Ecuador]] [[Historia ya Guyana]] [[Historia ya Haiti]] [[Historia ya Meksiko]] [[Historia ya Paraguay]] [[Historia ya Peru]] [[Historia ya Marekani]] [[Historia ya Venezuela]] [[Historia ya Afghanistan]] [[Historia ya Azerbaijan]] [[Historia ya Bangladesh]] [[Historia ya Bhutan]] [[Historia ya Myanmar]] [[Historia ya Kamboja]] [[Historia ya China]] [[Historia ya India]] [[Historia ya Indonesia]] [[Historia ya Israel]] [[Historia ya Iraq]] [[Historia ya Iran]] [[Historia ya Japan]] [[Historia ya Korea]] [[Historia ya Lebanon]] [[Historia ya Malaysia]] [[Historia ya Mongolia]] [[Historia ya Nepal]] [[Historia ya Pakistan]] [[Historia ya Palestina]] [[Historia ya Ufilipino]] [[Historia ya Saudia]] [[Historia ya Singapore]] [[Historia ya Sri Lanka]] [[Historia ya Syria]] [[Historia ya Taiwan]] [[Historia ya Thailand]] [[Historia ya Tibet]] [[Historia ya Uturuki]] [[Historia ya Vietnam]] [[Historia ya Yemen]] [[Historia ya Albania]] [[Historia ya Armenia]] [[Historia ya Austria]] [[Historia ya Ubelgiji]] [[Historia ya Bulgaria]] [[Historia ya Kroatia]] [[Historia ya Denmark]] [[Historia ya Ufalme wa Muungano]] [[Historia ya Estonia]] [[Historia ya Ufini]] [[Historia ya Ufaransa]] [[Historia ya Georgia]] [[Historia ya Ujerumani]] [[Historia ya Ugiriki]] [[Historia ya Hungaria]] [[Historia ya Iceland]] [[Historia ya Eire]] [[Historia ya Italia]] [[Historia ya Latvia]] [[Historia ya Lithuania]] [[Historia ya Malta]] [[Historia ya Uholanzi]] [[Historia ya Norway]] [[Historia ya Poland]] [[Historia ya Ureno]] [[Historia ya Romania]] [[Historia ya Russia]] [[Historia ya Uskoti]] [[Historia ya Serbia]] [[Historia ya Hispania]] [[Historia ya Sweden]] [[Historia ya Uswisi]] [[Historia ya Ukraine]] [[Historia ya Uingereza]] [[Historia ya Wales]] [[Historia ya Australia]] [[Historia ya New Zealand]] [[Zama za Mawe]] [[Zama za Shaba]] [[Zama za Chuma]] [[Chalcolithic]] [[Historia ya Kale]] [[Classical antiquity]] [[Late Antiquity]] [[Hellenistic period]] [[Historia ya awali]] [[Australopithecus]] [[Cro-Magnon]] [[Java Man]] [[Peking Man]] [[Homo erectus]] [[Human evolution]] [[Denisovan]] [[Neanderthal]] [[Paranthropus]] [[Early human migrations]] [[Paleolithic]] [[Lower Paleolithic]] [[Middle Paleolithic]] [[Upper Paleolithic]] [[Mesolithic]] [[Neolithic Revolution]] [[Neolithic]] [[Cradle of civilization]] [[Control of fire by early humans]] [[Naqada III]] [[Farao]] [[Ptolemaic Kingdom]] [[Thebes, Egypt]] [[Memphis, Egypt]] [[Ufalme wa Kale wa Misri]] [[Ufalme wa Kati wa Misri]] [[Ufalme Mpya wa Misri]] [[Valley of the Kings]] [[Utamaduni wa Nok]] [[Nubia]] [[Ufalme wa Kush]] [[Meroë]] [[Ufalme wa Aksum]] [[Karthago]] [[Vita vya Kipuni]] [[Punt]] [[Andean civilizations]] [[Chavín culture]] [[Norte Chico civilization]] [[Mesoamerica]] [[Maya]] [[Paleo-Indians]] [[Teotihuacan]] [[Olmec]] [[Settlement of the Americas]] [[Zapotec civilization]] [[Barabara ya hariri]] [[Achaemenid Empire]] [[Atropatene]] [[Bactria]] [[Caucasian Albania]] [[Caucasian Iberia]] [[Elam]] [[Susa]] [[Medes]] [[Parthian Empire]] [[Persepoli]] [[Roman–Persian Wars]] [[Saka]] [[Sassanid Empire]] [[Sogdiana]] [[Tocharians]] [[Gojoseon]] [[Jōmon period]] [[Nasaba ya Shang]] [[Spring and Autumn period]] [[Falme Tatu za Korea]] [[Warring States period]] [[Nasaba ya Zhou]] [[Yayoi period]] [[Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors]] [[Xiongnu]] [[Nasaba ya Chola]] [[Dola la Gupta]] [[Indus Valley Civilization]] [[Mohenjo-daro]] [[Indo-Greeks]] [[Indo-Scythians]] [[Dola la Kushan]] [[Magadha]] [[Dola la Maurya]] [[Satavahana dynasty]] [[Vedic period]] [[Nanyue]] [[Pyu city-states]] [[Nasaba ya Hong Bang]] [[Mesopotamia]] [[Akkad]] [[Waamori]] [[Ufalme wa Armenia]] [[Assyria]] [[Ninawi]] [[Babuloni]] [[Chaldea]] [[Ebla]] [[Historia ya Israeli ya kale]] [[Wahiti]] [[Lydia]] [[Mitanni]] [[Palmyra]] [[Foinike]] [[Turo]] [[Frigia]] [[Dola la Waseleuko]] [[Sabaeans]] [[Sumer]] [[Ur]] [[Troa]] [[Vita vya Troa]] [[Ugarit]] [[Urartu]] [[Fertile Crescent]] [[Ufalme wa Armenia (wa kale)]] [[Vita vya Syria]] [[Minoan civilization]] [[Knossos]] [[Dacia]] [[Dacians]] [[Waetruski]] [[Mycenaean Greece]] [[Greco-Persian Wars]] [[Magna Graecia]] [[Delian League]] [[Sparta]] [[Ufalme wa Roma]] [[Jamhuri ya Roma]] [[Dola la Roma]] [[Pompei]] [[Dola la Roma Magharibi]] [[Anguko la Roma]] [[Crisis of the Third Century]] [[Nasaba ya Julio-Klaudio]] [[Nasaba ya akina Antonin]] [[Vita vya Galia]] [[Vita vya Makedonia]] [[Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe Roma]] [[Makedonia]] [[Waselti]] [[Cimmerians]] [[Sarmatians]] [[Wasaksoni]] [[Scythia]] [[Scythians]] [[Thrace]] [[Migration Period]] [[Waalani]] [[Waangli]] [[Wabulgari]] [[Waburgundi]] [[Wagothi]] [[Waostrogothi]] [[Wavisigothi]] [[Wahunni]] [[Wamori]] [[Warus']] [[Wasuebi]] [[Wavandali]] [[Guild]] [[Boyar]] [[Knight]] [[Knyaz]] [[Samurai]] [[Serfdom]] [[Chivalry]] [[Ajuran Sultanate]] [[Nasaba ya Almoravid]] [[Dola la Ghana]] [[Dola la Kanem]] [[Dola la Mali]] [[Dola la Songhai]] [[Timbuktu]] [[Biashara ya ng'ambo ya Sahara]] [[Azteki]] [[Inca]] [[Pre-Columbian era]] [[Utamaduni wa Chimú]] [[Utamaduni wa Mississippi]] [[Utamaduni wa Moche]] [[Tiwanaku]] [[Utamaduni wa Wari]] [[Islamic Golden Age]] [[Mamluki]] [[Aq Qoyunlu]] [[Golden Horde]] [[Kara Koyunlu]] [[Muslim conquest of Persia]] [[Dola la Khwarazmi]] [[Göktürks]] [[Nasaba ya Seljuq]] [[Dola la Ghaznavid]] [[Uyghur Khaganate]] [[Goryeo]] [[Nasaba ya Han]] [[Heian period]] [[Nasaba ya Jin(265–420)]] [[Nasaba ya Jin (1115–1234)]] [[Nasaba ya Liao]] [[Dola la Mongolia]] [[Ninja]] [[Nasaba ya Qin]] [[Sixteen Kingdoms]] [[Nasaba ya Song]] [[Southern and Northern Dynasties]] [[Nasaba ya Sui]] [[Nasaba ya Tang]] [[Three Kingdoms]] [[Nasaba ya Xia]] [[Nasaba ya Yuan]] [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period]] [[Khitan people]] [[Delhi Sultanate]] [[Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent]] [[Dola la Vijayanagara]] [[Champa]] [[Dola la Khmer]] [[Majapahit]] [[Malacca sultanate]] [[Pagan Kingdom]] [[Srivijaya]] [[Nasaba ya Trần]] [[Abbasid Caliphate]] [[Vita vya msalaba]] [[Crusader states]] [[Dola la Nisea]] [[Fatimid Caliphate]] [[Dola la Kilatini]] [[Dola la Osmani]] [[Sultanate of Rum]] [[Umayyad Caliphate]] [[Kifo Cheusi]] [[East–West Schism]] [[House of Habsburg]] [[House of Medici]] [[Wanormani]] [[Renaissance]] [[Cuman people]] [[Eurasian Avars]] [[Dola la kwanza la Bulgaria]] [[Dola la pili la Bulgaria]] [[Dola la Bizanti]] [[Arab–Byzantine Wars]] [[Byzantine–Bulgarian wars]] [[Byzantine–Ottoman Wars]] [[Anguko la Konstantinopoli]] [[Galicia–Volhynia]] [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] [[Ufalme wa Hungaria]] [[Vita vya Huss]] [[Khazars]] [[Kievan Rus']] [[Great Moravia]] [[Jamhuri ya Novgorod]] [[Cretan War (1645–69)]] [[Pechenegs]] [[Teutonic Knights]] [[Vladimir-Suzdal]] [[Bulgaria ya Volga]] [[Ufalme wa Bohemia]] [[Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War]] [[Nasaba ya Rurik]] [[Al-Andalus]] [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] [[Reconquista]] [[Ufalme wa Aragon]] [[Duchy of Burgundy]] [[Ufalme wa Castilia]] [[Francia]] [[Francia Mashariki]] [[Francia Magharibi]] [[Ufalme wa Ufaransa]] [[Dola la Karolo]] [[Nasaba ya Kapeti]] [[Nasaba ya Karolo]] [[Nasaba ya Merovingi]] [[Ufalme wa Uingereza]] [[Waanglia-Saksoni]] [[Mapigano ya Hastings]] [[Norman conquest of England]] [[Vita vya Mawaridi]] [[Hanseatic League]] [[Kalmar Union]] [[Dola Takatifu la Kirumi]] [[House of Plantagenet]] [[Vita ya miaka 100|Vita vya miaka 100]] [[Inquisition]] [[Knights Templar]] [[Walombardi]] [[Northern Crusades]] [[Ostsiedlung]] [[Dola la Papa]] [[Jamhuri ya Genoa]] [[Ufalme wa Sicily]] [[Jamhuri ya Venice]] [[Viking Age]] [[Wavikingi]] [[Ufalme wa Visigothi]] [[Austrasia]] [[Wafaranki]] [[Investiture Controversy]] [[Ufalme wa Ujeurmani]] [[Wavendi]] [[Gothic War (535–554)]] [[Guelfi na Ghibellini]] [[Neustria]] [[Salic law]] [[Early modern period]] [[Uenezi wa Wazungu]] [[Dola la Uingereza]] [[French colonial empire]] [[Little Ice Age]] [[Dola la Ureno]] [[Dola la Hispania]] [[Scientific revolution]] [[Vita ya Miaka Saba|Vita vya miaka saba]] [[Treaty of Zaragoza]] [[Treaty of Tordesillas]] [[Biashara ya utumwa kupitia Atlantiki]] [[Dola la Bornu]] [[Mwenemutapa]] [[Dola la Ashanti]] [[Ufalme wa Kongo]] [[Dola la Oyo]] [[Sennar (sultanate)]] [[Falme za Hausa]] [[American Revolutionary War]] [[European colonization of the Americas]] [[British colonization of the Americas]] [[Spanish colonization of the Americas]] [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire]] [[Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire]] [[French and Indian Wars]] [[French and Indian War]] [[Wounded Knee Massacre]] [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]] [[Spanish American wars of independence]] [[Tetemeko la ardhi la Shaanxi la 1556]] [[Njia ya Bengal ya 1770]] [[Deccan sultanates]] [[Dutch East India Company]] [[East India Company]] [[Edo period]] [[Tokugawa shogunate]] [[Japanese invasions of Korea]] [[Joseon]] [[Kazakh Khanate]] [[Nasaba ya Ming]] [[Dola la Maratha]] [[Dola la Mughal]] [[Russian conquest of Siberia]] [[Nasaba ya Safavid]] [[Dola la Sikh]] [[Ufalme wa Ayutthaya]] [[Khanate of Bukhara]] [[Lan Xang]] [[Nasaba ya Lê]] [[Khanate of Sibir]] [[Nasaba ya Taungoo]] [[Zunghar Khanate]] [[Age of Enlightenment]] [[Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti]] [[Vita ya miaka 30|Vita vya miaka 30]] [[Urekebisho wa Kikatoliki]] [[Tetemeko la ardhi la Lisbon la 1755]] [[Anglo-Dutch Wars]] [[Mkutano wa Berlin]] [[Vita vya miaka 80]] [[English Civil War]] [[Mapinduzi ya Ufaransa]] [[French Revolutionary Wars]] [[Vita vya dini Ufaransa]] [[Huguenot]] [[Vita vya Italia]] [[Prussia]] [[Wapuritani]] [[Spanish Inquisition]] [[War of the Austrian Succession]] [[War of the Spanish Succession]] [[Enclosure]] [[Cossacks]] [[Cossack Hetmanate]] [[Crimean Khanate]] [[Great Northern War]] [[Great Turkish War]] [[Nasaba ya Romanov]] [[Khanate of Kazan]] [[Vita vya Livonia]] [[Migawanyo ya Polandi]] [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] [[The Great Game]] [[Tsardom of Russia]] [[Oprichnina]] [[History of the Russo-Turkish wars]] [[Ottoman wars in Europe]] [[Muungano wa Lublin]] [[Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars]] [[Polish–Muscovite War (1605–18)]] [[Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)]] [[1973 oil crisis]] [[Abolitionism]] [[Anti-Comintern Pact]] [[Movements for civil rights]] [[Vita baridi]] [[Decolonization]] [[Financial crisis of 2007–2008]] [[Mdodoro mkuu]] [[Mapinduzi ya viwanda]] [[Information Age]] [[Interwar period]] [[Kellogg–Briand Pact]] [[New Imperialism]] [[Space exploration]] [[Space Race]] [[Influenza ya 1918]] [[War on Terror]] [[Kura kwa wanawake]] [[Vita vikuu vya kwanza]] [[Balkans Campaign]] [[Eastern Front]] [[Italian Campaign]] [[Middle Eastern theatre of World War I]] [[Treaty of Lausanne]] [[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)]] [[Treaty of Trianon]] [[Western Front]] [[Paris Peace Conference]] [[Vita vikuu vya pili]] [[Allies of World War II]] [[Axis powers]] [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact]] [[Uvamizi wa Poland]] [[Western Front]] [[Battle of the Atlantic]] [[Battle of Britain]] [[Winter War]] [[German-Soviet War]] [[Mediterranean, Middle East and African theatres of World War II]] [[Pacific War]] [[Shambulio la Pearl Harbor]] [[Mkutano wa Yalta]] [[Mabomu ya Hiroshima na Nagasaki]] [[Kesi za Nuremberg]] [[Collectivization]] [[Arab Spring]] [[Vita vya Algeria]] [[Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe Angola]] [[Anglo–Zulu War]] [[Apartheid]] [[Biafra]] [[Congo Free State]] [[Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe Ethiopia]] [[First Boer War]] [[Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe Libya]] [[Vita ya Mahdi]] [[Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe Nigeria]] [[Mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda]] [[Scramble for Africa]] [[Second Boer War]] [[Second Congo War]] [[Second Italo–Ethiopian War]] [[Sokoto Caliphate]] [[2010 Haiti earthquake]] [[Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe Marekani]] [[American Indian Wars]] [[Confederate States of America]] [[Cuban missile crisis]] [[Mapinduzi ya Cuba]] [[Dust Bowl]] [[Dola la Brazil]] [[Gran Colombia]] [[Mapinduzi ya Haiti]] [[Manhattan Project]] [[Mexican War of Independence]] [[Mapinduzi ya Meksiko]] [[Mexican–American War]] [[Mashambulio ya 11 Septemba 2001]] [[Vita vya Marekani dhidi ya Hispania]] [[Wall Street Crash of 1929]] [[Vita vya mwaka 1812]] [[Vita vya Paragwai]] [[War of the Pacific]] [[American frontier]] [[New Deal]] [[Mafuriko ya 1931 China]] [[Tetemeko la 1976 Tangshan]] [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]] [[Fukushima nuclear disaster]] [[Uasi wa Mabondia]] [[Historia ya Jamhuri ya Watu ya China]] [[Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe China]] [[Cultural Revolution]] [[Dola la Japani]] [[First Opium War]] [[First Sino-Japanese War]] [[Great Leap Forward]] [[Great Chinese Famine]] [[Vita vya Korea]] [[Meiji period]] [[Meiji Restoration]] [[Qing Dynasty]] [[Vita ya Japani na Urusi ya 1905]] [[Second Opium War]] [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] [[Taiping Rebellion]] [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]] [[Mapinduzi ya Xinhai]] [[Unequal treaty]] [[1970 Bhola cyclone]] [[Vita vya uhuru wa Bangladesh]] [[British Raj]] [[Indian independence movement]] [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] [[Mgawanyo wa India]] [[Nasaba ya Nguyen]] [[Nasaba ya Konbaung]] [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami]] [[Dutch East Indies]] [[Indochina ya Kifaransa]] [[Indonesian National Revolution]] [[Philippine–American War]] [[Mapinduzi ya Ufilipino]] [[Vita vya Vietnam]] [[Khmer Rouge]] [[First Indochina War]] [[Arab Revolt]] [[Turkish War of Independence]] [[Maangamizi ya Waarmenia]] [[Mandatory Palestine]] [[Arab–Israeli conflict]] [[North Yemen Civil War]] [[Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe Lebanoni]] [[Mapinduzi ya Iran]] [[Soviet war in Afghanistan]] [[Vita vya Iran–Iraq]] [[Vita vya Ghuba]] [[Vita vya Afghanistan (2001 n.k.)]] [[Vita vya Iraq]] [[Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe Syria]] [[Dola la Austria]] [[Austria-Hungaria]] [[Mkutano wa Vienna]] [[Historia ya Umoja wa Ulaya]] [[Maangamizi makuu dhidi ya Wayahudi wa Ulaya]] [[Holy Alliance]] [[Iron Curtain]] [[Mapinduzi ya 1848]] [[Treaty of Paris (1814)]] [[Treaty of Versailles]] [[Vita vya Balkani]] [[Vita vya kwanza vya Balkani]] [[Vita vya pili vya Balkani]] [[Chernobyl disaster]] [[Vita vya Crimea]] [[Chekoslovakia]] [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union]] [[Ujerumani Mashariki]] [[French invasion of Russia]] [[Great Purge]] [[Greco-Turkish War (1919–22)]] [[Greek War of Independence]] [[Gulag]] [[Holodomor]] [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956]] [[Polish–Soviet War]] [[Prague Spring]] [[Mapinduzi ya 1989]] [[Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe Urusi]] [[Dola la Russia]] [[Mapinduzi ya 1905]] [[Mapinduzi ya Urusi]] [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)]] [[Solidarity]] [[Eastern Bloc]] [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] [[Wamensheviki]] [[NKVD]] [[Yugoslavia]] [[Uhamisho katika Umoja wa Kisovieti]] [[Mapinduzi ya Ubelgiji]] [[Ukuta wa Berlin]] [[Dola la kwanza la Ufaransa]] [[Franco-Prussian War]] [[French First Republic]] [[Shirikisho la Ujerumani]] [[Dola la Ujerumani]] [[German reunification]] [[Great Famine (Ireland)]] [[Hundred Days]] [[Italian unification]] [[Mapinduzi ya Julai]] [[Vita vya Napoleon]] [[Nazi Germany]] [[Beer Hall Putsch]] [[Gestapo]] [[Unazi]] [[Schutzstaffel]] [[Sturmabteilung]] [[Njama ya 20 Julai]] [[Peninsular War]] [[Paris Commune]] [[Second Spanish Republic]] [[Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe Hispania]] [[The Troubles]] [[Unification of Germany]] [[Makambi ya KZ]] [[Jamhuri ya Weimar]] [[Stab-in-the-back myth]] [[Antioch]] {{Div col end}} ==Jiografia== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Jiografia]] [[Mji mkuu]] [[Mji]] [[Nchi]] [[Exploration]] [[Dependent territory]] [[Border]] [[Rural area]] [[Pambizo]] [[Kijiji]] [[Atlas]] [[Contour line]] [[Geodetic datum]] [[Geographic coordinate system]] [[Latitude]] [[Longitude]] [[Geoid]] [[Globe]] [[Great circle]] [[Map projection]] [[Mercator projection]] [[Reference ellipsoid]] [[Scale (map)]] [[Cardinal direction]] [[Kaskazini]] [[Mashariki]] [[Kusini]] [[Magharibi]] [[Antarctic Circle]] [[Arctic Circle]] [[Circle of latitude]] [[Ikweta]] [[Meridian (geography)]] [[North Pole]] [[Prime meridian]] [[South Pole]] [[Tropic of Cancer]] [[Tropic of Capricorn]] [[Bara]] [[Amerika]] [[Antaktika]] [[Australia]] [[Eurasia]] [[Amerika Kaskazini]] [[Amerika Kusini]] [[Arctic Ocean]] [[Baffin Bay]] [[Bahari ya Barents]] [[Bahari ya Beaufort]] [[Bahari ya Chukchi]] [[Bahari ya Siberia Mashariki]] [[Bahari ya Greenland]] [[Ghuba ya Hudson]] [[Bahari ya Kara]] [[Bahari ya Laptev]] [[Bahari Nyeupe]] [[Atlantiki]] [[Bahari ya Baltiki]] [[Ghuba ya Botnia]] [[Ghuba ya Biskaya]] [[Ghuba ya Guinea]] [[Bahari ya Eire]] [[Bahari ya Labrador]] [[Bahari ya Kaskazini]] [[Bahari ya Norwei]] [[Bahari ya Sargasso]] [[Bahari Nyeusi]] [[Bahari ya Azov]] [[Bahari ya Karibi]] [[Ghuba ya Meksiko]] [[Ghuba ya Saint Lawrence]] [[Mediteranea]] [[Bahari ya Adria]] [[Bahari ya Aegean]] [[Bahari ya Ionia]] [[Bahari ya Liguria]] [[Bahari ya Marmara]] [[Bahari ya Tyrrheni]] [[Bahari ya Andamani]] [[Bahari ya Uarabuni]] [[Bay of Bengal]] [[Persian Gulf]] [[Bahari ya Shamu]] [[Bahari ya Timor]] [[Pasifiki]] [[Bahari ya Arafura]] [[Bahari ya Bering]] [[Bahari ya Celebes]] [[Bahari ya Matumbawe]] [[Bahari ya China Mashariki]] [[Bahari ya Flores]] [[Ghuba ya Alaska]] [[Ghuba ya California]] [[Ghuba ya Carpentaria]] [[Ghuba ya Thailand]] [[Bahari ya Java]] [[Bahari ya Molucca]] [[Bahari ya Ufilipino]] [[Bahari ya Japan]] [[Bahari ya Okhotsk]] [[Bahari ya Solomon]] [[Bahari ya China Kusini]] [[Bahari ya Sulu]] [[Bahari ya Tasmania]] [[Bahari ya Njano]] [[Bahari ya Kusini]] [[Bahari ya Amundsen]] [[Great Australian Bight]] [[Bahari ya Ross]] [[Bahari ya Scotia]] [[Bahari ya Weddell]] [[Bab-el-Mandeb]] [[Bass Strait]] [[Bering Strait]] [[Bosphorus]] [[Cook Strait]] [[Davis Strait]] [[Denmark Strait]] [[Dardanelles]] [[Strait of Dover]] [[Drake Passage]] [[English Channel]] [[Straits of Florida]] [[Strait of Gibraltar]] [[Strait of Hormuz]] [[Hudson Strait]] [[Kattegat]] [[Korea Strait]] [[Strait of Magellan]] [[Strait of Malacca]] [[Mozambique Channel]] [[Strait of Otranto]] [[Palk Strait]] [[Skagerrak]] [[Sunda Strait]] [[Taiwan Strait]] [[Torres Strait]] [[Tsugaru Strait]] [[Yucatán Channel]] [[Øresund]] [[Mto Kongo]] [[Mto Kasai]] [[Mto Ubangi]] [[Mto Limpopo]] [[Mto Niger]] [[Mto Benue]] [[Nile]] [[Blue Nile]] [[White Nile]] [[Mto Orange]] [[Mto Senegal]] [[Mto Zambezi]] [[Mto Colorado]] [[Mto Columbia]] [[Mto Mackenzie]] [[Mto Mississippi]] [[Mto Missouri]] [[Mto Ohio]] [[Rio Grande]] [[Mto Saint Lawrence]] [[Mto Yukon]] [[Amazonas (mto)]] [[Mto Madeira]] [[Rio Negro (Amazon)]] [[Mto Tocantins]] [[Mto Magdalena]] [[Orinoco]] [[Mto Paraná]] [[Uruguay (mto)]] [[Mto Sao Francisco]] [[Yangtze (mto)]] [[Huang He]] [[Mekong]] [[Lena]] [[Yenisei]] [[Angara]] [[Ob]] [[Irtysh]] [[Indus]] [[Brahmaputra]] [[Amur]] [[Mto Songhua]] [[Euphrates]] [[Amu Darya]] [[Ganges]] [[Yamuna]] [[Mto Salawin]] [[Ural (mto)]] [[Syr Darya]] [[Mto Irrawaddy]] [[Kolyma]] [[Pearl River (China)]] [[Tigris]] [[Indigirka]] [[Mto Godavari]] [[Krishna]] [[Mto Liao]] [[Volga]] [[Danube]] [[Dnepr]] [[Don]] [[Pechora]] [[Dvina ya Kaskazini]] [[Rhine]] [[Elbe]] [[Vistula]] [[Tagus]] [[Mto Daugava]] [[Loire]] [[Oder]] [[Murray River]] [[Maziwa Makuu ya Afrika]] [[Ziwa Victoria]] [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] [[Ziwa Malawi]] [[Ziwa Turkana]] [[Ziwa Albert (Afrika)]] [[Ziwa Mweru]] [[Ziwa Chad]] [[Great Lakes]] [[Ziwa Superior]] [[Ziwa Michigan]] [[Ziwa Huron]] [[Ziwa Erie]] [[Ziwa Ontario]] [[Great Bear Lake]] [[Great Slave Lake]] [[Ziwa Winnipeg]] [[Ziwa Nikaragua]] [[Ziwa Maracaibo]] [[Ziwa Titicaca]] [[Ziwa Vostok]] [[Caspian Sea]] [[Ziwa Baikal]] [[Ziwa Balkhash]] [[Issyk Kul]] [[Ziwa Urmia]] [[Ziwa Van]] [[Qinghai Lake]] [[Poyang Lake]] [[Ziwa Aral]] [[Bahari ya Kifo]] [[Ziwa Ladoga]] [[Ziwa Onega]] [[Vänern]] [[Saimaa]] [[Ziwa Peipus]] [[Ziwa Eyre]] [[Mfereji wa Erie]] [[Mfereji wa Panama]] [[Mfereji wa Suez]] [[Canary Islands]] [[Mascarene Islands]] [[Funguvisiwa la Zanzibar]] [[Greater Antilles]] [[Hispaniola]] [[Lesser Antilles]] [[Greenland]] [[Canadian Arctic Archipelago]] [[Queen Elizabeth Islands]] [[Ellesmere Island]] [[Banks Island]] [[Baffin Island]] [[Victoria Island (Canada)]] [[Axel Heiberg Island]] [[Melville Island (Northwest Territories and Nunavut)]] [[Southampton Island]] [[Prince of Wales Island (Nunavut)]] [[Newfoundland (island)]] [[Vancouver Island]] [[Easter Island]] [[Galápagos Islands]] [[Tierra del Fuego]] [[Marajó]] [[Falkland Islands]] [[Malay Archipelago]] [[Maluku Islands]] [[Luzon]] [[Mindanao]] [[Sunda Islands]] [[Borneo]] [[Sumatra]] [[Sulawesi]] [[Java]] [[Lesser Sunda Islands]] [[Timor]] [[Honshu]] [[Hokkaido]] [[Sakhalin]] [[Kyushu]] [[Severnaya Zemlya]] [[New Siberian Islands]] [[Shikoku]] [[Taiwan]] [[British Isles]] [[Ireland]] [[Novaya Zemlya]] [[Spitsbergen]] [[Sicily]] [[Sardinia]] [[Franz Josef Land]] [[Corsica]] [[Zealand]] [[Hawaiian Islands]] [[New Britain]] [[New Guinea]] [[North Island]] [[South Island]] [[Tasmania]] [[Alexander Island]] [[Baja California peninsula]] [[Alaska Peninsula]] [[Labrador Peninsula]] [[Yucatán Peninsula]] [[Indian subcontinent]] [[Arabian Peninsula]] [[Indochina]] [[Korean Peninsula]] [[Malay Peninsula]] [[Chukchi Peninsula]] [[Kamchatka Peninsula]] [[Sinai Peninsula]] [[Taymyr Peninsula]] [[Balkani]] [[Crimean Peninsula]] [[Iberian Peninsula]] [[Italian Peninsula]] [[Jutland]] [[Kola Peninsula]] [[Scandinavian Peninsula]] [[Cape York Peninsula]] [[Antarctic Peninsula]] [[Milima ya Atlas]] [[Drakensberg]] [[Ethiopian Highlands]] [[Bonde la Ufa]] [[American Cordillera]] [[Adirondack Mountains]] [[Appalachian Mountains]] [[Black Hills]] [[Bryce Canyon National Park]] [[Canadian Shield]] [[Grand Canyon]] [[Great Plains]] [[Columbia Plateau]] [[Pacific Coast Ranges]] [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)]] [[Rocky Mountains]] [[Andes]] [[Altiplano]] [[Brazilian Highlands]] [[Guiana Shield]] [[Iranian plateau]] [[Zagros Mountains]] [[Hindu Kush]] [[Caucasus Mountains]] [[Tian Shan]] [[Alborz]] [[Turan Depression]] [[North China Plain]] [[Tibetan Plateau]] [[Kunlun Mountains]] [[Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau]] [[Mongolian Plateau]] [[West Siberian Plain]] [[Central Siberian Plateau]] [[Altai Mountains]] [[Sayan Mountains]] [[Verkhoyansk Range]] [[Sikhote-Alin]] [[Asia Kusini]] [[Deccan Plateau]] [[Himalaya]] [[Karakoram]] [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]] [[Western Ghats]] [[Pontic Mountains]] [[Taurus Mountains]] [[Alpi]] [[Apenini]] [[Balkan Mountains]] [[Carpathian Mountains]] [[East European Plain]] [[North European Plain]] [[Pirenei]] [[Scandinavian Mountains]] [[Ural Mountains]] [[Great Dividing Range]] [[Southern Alps]] [[Transantarctic Mountains]] [[Aconcagua]] [[Denali]] [[K2]] [[Mauna Loa]] [[Mlima Elbrus]] [[Mlima Etna]] [[Mlima Everest]] [[Mlima Kenya]] [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]] [[Mlima Kosciuszko]] [[Mlima Logan]] [[Mlima Olympus]] [[Mlima Parnassus]] [[Mlima St. Helens]] [[Mlima Vesuvius]] [[Mlima Whitney]] [[Vinson Massif]] [[Chile Rise]] [[East Pacific Rise]] [[Mid-Atlantic Ridge]] [[Pacific-Antarctic Ridge]] [[Central Indian Ridge]] [[Southwest Indian Ridge]] [[Mariana Trench]] [[Jangwa la Gobi]] [[Sahara]] [[Arabian Desert]] [[Jangwa la Kalahari]] [[Negev]] [[Taklamakan Desert]] [[Great Victoria Desert]] [[Atacama Desert]] [[Patagonian Desert]] [[Great Basin Desert]] [[Great Barrier Reef]] [[Iguaçu Falls]] [[Niagara Falls]] [[World Heritage Site]] [[Aïr Mountains]] [[Tassili n'Ajjer]] [[Selous Game Reserve]] [[Salonga National Park]] [[Manovo-Gounda St. Floris National Park]] [[Serengeti National Park]] [[Okapi Wildlife Reserve]] [[Banc d'Arguin National Park]] [[Comoé National Park]] [[Ngorongoro Conservation Area]] [[Sundarbans National Park]] [[Kaziranga National Park]] [[Lorentz National Park]] [[Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra]] [[Białowieża Forest]] [[Virgin Komi Forests]] [[Giant's Causeway]] [[Yellowstone National Park]] [[Redwood National and State Parks]] [[Chaco Culture National Historical Park]] [[Mesa Verde National Park]] [[Yosemite National Park]] [[Olympic National Park]] [[Everglades National Park]] [[Kluane / Wrangell – St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek]] [[La Amistad International Park]] [[Sian Ka'an]] [[Great Smoky Mountains National Park]] [[Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument]] [[Te Wahipounamu]] [[Serra do Mar]] [[Jaú National Park]] [[Northeast Greenland National Park]] [[Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park]] [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve]] [[Wood Buffalo National Park]] [[Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve]] [[Tumucumaque National Park]] ===Miji=== [[Abu Dhabi]] [[Ahmedabad]] [[Almaty]] [[Amman]] [[Ankara]] [[Ashgabat]] [[Astana]] [[Baghdad]] [[Baku]] [[Bangalore]] [[Bangkok]] [[Beijing]] [[Beirut]] [[Bishkek]] [[Busan]] [[Chengdu]] [[Chennai]] [[Chongqing]] [[Colombo]] [[Damascus]] [[Delhi]] [[Dhaka]] [[Dili]] [[Doha]] [[Dubai]] [[Dushanbe]] [[Isfahan]] [[Gaza]] [[Guangzhou]] [[Hanoi]] [[Ho Chi Minh City]] [[Hong Kong]] [[Hyderabad]] [[Islamabad]] [[Istanbul]] [[Izmir]] [[Jaipur]] [[Jakarta]] [[Jeddah]] [[Jerusalem]] [[Kabul]] [[Karachi]] [[Kathmandu]] [[Kolkata]] [[Kuala Lumpur]] [[Kuwait City]] [[Kyoto]] [[Lahore]] [[Lhasa]] [[Manama]] [[Manila]] [[Mecca]] [[Moroni (Komori)]] [[Mumbai]] [[Muscat, Oman]] [[Nagoya]] [[Nanjing]] [[Naypyidaw]] [[New Delhi]] [[Osaka]] [[Phnom Penh]] [[Pyongyang]] [[Pune]] [[Ramallah]] [[Riyadh]] [[Samarkand]] [[Sana'a]] [[Sapporo]] [[Seoul]] [[Shanghai]] [[Shenzhen]] [[Singapore]] [[Surabaya]] [[Surat]] [[Taipei]] [[Tashkent]] [[Tbilisi]] [[Tehran]] [[Tel Aviv]] [[Thimphu]] [[Tianjin]] [[Tokyo]] [[Ulan Bator]] [[Vientiane]] [[Vladivostok]] [[Wuhan]] [[Xi'an]] [[Yangon]] [[Yerevan]] [[Yokohama]] [[Abuja]] [[Accra]] [[Addis Ababa]] [[Aleksandria]] [[Algiers]] [[Antananarivo]] [[Bamako]] [[Bissau]] [[Brazzaville]] [[Bujumbura]] [[Cairo]] [[Cape Town]] [[Casablanca]] [[Conakry]] [[Dakar]] [[Dar es Salaam]] [[Durban]] [[Gaborone]] [[Harare]] [[Johannesburg]] [[Kampala]] [[Khartoum]] [[Kinshasa]] [[Lagos]] [[Libreville]] [[Lilongwe]] [[Lomé]] [[Luanda]] [[Lusaka]] [[Malabo]] [[Malé]] [[Maputo]] [[Maseru]] [[Mbabane]] [[Mogadishu]] [[Monrovia]] [[Nairobi]] [[N'Djamena]] [[Niamey]] [[Nouakchott]] [[Ouagadougou]] [[Port Louis]] [[Porto-Novo]] [[Praia]] [[Pretoria]] [[Rabat]] [[São Tomé]] [[Tripoli]] [[Tunis]] [[Victoria (Shelisheli)]] [[Windhoek]] [[Yaoundé]] [[Asunción]] [[Bogotá]] [[Brasília]] [[Buenos Aires]] [[Caracas]] [[Curitiba]] [[Georgetown, Guyana]] [[La Paz]] [[Lima]] [[Montevideo]] [[Paramaribo]] [[Quito]] [[Recife]] [[Rio de Janeiro]] [[Santiago]] [[São Paulo]] [[Sucre]] [[Valparaiso]] [[Atlanta]] [[Boston]] [[Chicago]] [[Dallas]] [[Denver]] [[Detroit]] [[Houston]] [[Los Angeles]] [[Las Vegas]] [[Miami]] [[Montreal]] [[New Orleans]] [[New York City]] [[Ottawa]] [[Philadelphia]] [[Phoenix]] [[St. Louis, Missouri]] [[San Francisco]] [[Seattle]] [[Toronto]] [[Vancouver]] [[Washington, D.C.]] [[Bridgetown]] [[Castries]] [[Guadalajara]] [[Guatemala City]] [[Havana]] [[Kingston, Jamaica]] [[Kingstown]] [[Managua]] [[Mexico City]] [[Monterrey]] [[Nassau, Bahamas]] [[Panama City]] [[Port-au-Prince]] [[Port of Spain]] [[Roseau]] [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]] [[San José, Costa Rica]] [[San Salvador]] [[Santo Domingo]] [[St. George's, Grenada]] [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda]] [[Tegucigalpa]] [[Bratislava]] [[Budapest]] [[Lisbon]] [[Ljubljana]] [[Nicosia]] [[Prague]] [[Valletta]] [[Amsterdam]] [[Brussels]] [[The Hague]] [[Scandinavia]] [[Copenhagen]] [[Helsinki]] [[Oslo]] [[Reykjavík]] [[Stockholm]] [[Balkans]] [[Athens]] [[Belgrade]] [[Bucharest]] [[Podgorica]] [[Sarajevo]] [[Skopje]] [[Sofia]] [[Thessaloniki]] [[Tirana]] [[Zagreb]] [[Berlin]] [[Bern]] [[Cologne]] [[Dresden]] [[Düsseldorf]] [[Frankfurt]] [[Geneva]] [[Hamburg]] [[Hanover]] [[Munich]] [[Nuremberg]] [[Stuttgart]] [[Vienna]] [[Zurich]] [[Birmingham]] [[Dublin]] [[Edinburgh]] [[Glasgow]] [[Leeds]] [[Liverpool]] [[London]] [[Manchester]] [[Bordeaux]] [[Lyon]] [[Marseille]] [[Paris]] [[Strasbourg]] [[Toulouse]] [[Barcelona]] [[Florence]] [[Genoa]] [[Madrid]] [[Milan]] [[Naples]] [[Palermo]] [[Rome]] [[Seville]] [[Turin]] [[Valencia]] [[Venice]] [[Chișinău]] [[Kharkiv]] [[Kiev]] [[Lviv]] [[Minsk]] [[Moscow]] [[Nizhny Novgorod]] [[Novosibirsk]] [[Odessa]] [[Saint Petersburg]] [[Volgograd]] [[Yekaterinburg]] [[Gdańsk]] [[Kraków]] [[Riga]] [[Tallinn]] [[Vilnius]] [[Warsaw]] [[Canberra]] [[Funafuti]] [[Honiara]] [[Honolulu]] [[Majuro]] [[Melbourne]] [[Nukuʻalofa]] [[Palikir]] [[Perth]] [[Port Vila]] [[Suva]] [[Sydney]] [[Wellington]] ===Nchi=== [[Abkhazia]] [[Afghanistan]] [[Albania]] [[Algeria]] [[American Samoa]] [[Andorra]] [[Angola]] [[Antigua na Barbuda]] [[Argentina]] [[Armenia]] [[Aruba]] [[Australia]] [[Austria]] [[Azerbaijan]] [[Bahamas]] [[Bahrain]] [[Bangladesh]] [[Barbados]] [[Belarus]] [[Belgium]] [[Belize]] [[Benin]] [[Bermuda]] [[Bhutan]] [[Bolivia]] [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] [[Botswana]] [[Brazil]] [[Brunei]] [[Bulgaria]] [[Burkina Faso]] [[Burma]] [[Burundi]] [[Cambodia]] [[Cameroon]] [[Canada]] [[Cape Verde]] [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] [[Chad]] [[Chile]] [[Colombia]] [[Comoros]] [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Cook Islands]] [[Costa Rica]] [[Ivory Coast]] [[Croatia]] [[Cuba]] [[Cyprus]] [[Ucheki]] [[Denmark]] [[Jibuti]] [[Dominica]] [[Dominican Republic]] [[East Timor]] [[Ecuador]] [[Egypt]] [[El Salvador]] [[Equatorial Guinea]] [[Eritrea]] [[Estonia]] [[Eswatini]] [[Ethiopia]] [[Faroe Islands]] [[Fiji]] [[Finland]] [[France]] [[Gabon]] [[Gambia]] [[Georgia]] [[Ghana]] [[Gibraltar]] [[Greece]] [[Grenada]] [[Guam]] [[Guatemala]] [[Guinea]] [[Guinea-Bissau]] [[Guyana]] [[Haiti]] [[Honduras]] [[Hungary]] [[Iceland]] [[Indonesia]] [[Iran]] [[Iraq]] [[Ireland]] [[Israel]] [[Italy]] [[Jamaica]] [[Japan]] [[Jordan]] [[Kazakhstan]] [[Kenya]] [[Kiribati]] [[Korea Kaskazini]] [[Korea Kusini]] [[Kosovo]] [[Kuwait]] [[Kyrgyzstan]] [[Laos]] [[Latvia]] [[Lebanon]] [[Lesotho]] [[Liberia]] [[Libya]] [[Liechtenstein]] [[Lithuania]] [[Luxembourg]] [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] [[Madagascar]] [[Malawi]] [[Malaysia]] [[Maldives]] [[Mali]] [[Malta]] [[Marshall Islands]] [[Mauritania]] [[Mauritius]] [[Mexico]] [[Micronesia, Federated States of]] [[Moldova]] [[Monaco]] [[Mongolia]] [[Montenegro]] [[Morocco]] [[Mozambique]] [[Namibia]] [[Nauru]] [[Nepal]] [[Netherlands]] [[New Zealand]] [[Nicaragua]] [[Niger]] [[Nigeria]] [[Northern Cyprus]] [[Norway]] [[Oman]] [[Pakistan]] [[Palau]] [[Palestine]] [[Panama]] [[Papua New Guinea]] [[Paraguay]] [[Peru]] [[Philippines]] [[Poland]] [[Portugal]] [[Puerto Rico]] [[Qatar]] [[Romania]] [[Russia]] [[Rwanda]] [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] [[Saint Lucia]] [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] [[Samoa]] [[San Marino]] [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] [[Saudi Arabia]] [[Senegal]] [[Serbia]] [[Seychelles]] [[Sierra Leone]] [[Slovakia]] [[Slovenia]] [[Solomon Islands]] [[Somalia]] [[South Africa]] [[South Ossetia]] [[South Sudan]] [[Spain]] [[Sri Lanka]] [[Sudan]] [[Suriname]] [[Sweden]] [[Switzerland]] [[Syria]] [[Taiwan]] [[Tajikistan]] [[Tanzania]] [[Thailand]] [[Togo]] [[Tonga]] [[Trinidad and Tobago]] [[Tunisia]] [[Turkey]] [[Turkmenistan]] [[Tuvalu]] [[Uganda]] [[Ukraine]] [[United Arab Emirates]] [[United Kingdom]] [[Uruguay]] [[Uzbekistan]] [[Vanuatu]] [[Vatican City]] [[Venezuela]] [[Vietnam]] [[Western Sahara]] [[Yemen]] [[Zambia]] [[Zimbabwe]] ===Kanda=== [[Amerika ya Kati]] [[Mashariki ya Kati]] [[Oceania]] [[Skandinavia]] [[Asia Kusini-Mashariki]] ===Mikoa=== [[Alaska]] [[Bavaria]] [[California]] [[Catalonia]] [[England]] [[Florida]] [[Northern Ireland]] [[Ontario]] [[Quebec]] [[Scotland]] [[Siberia]] [[Texas]] [[Tuscany]] [[Wales]] {{Div col end}} ==Sanaa== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Usanifu majengo]] [[Sacred architecture]] [[Architectural style]] [[Architectural theory]] [[Byzantine architecture]] [[Gothic architecture]] [[Landscape architecture]] [[Abu Simbel temples]] [[Aït Benhaddou]] [[Aswan Dam]] [[Bibliotheca Alexandrina]] [[Giza Necropolis]] [[Great Mosque of Djenné]] [[Great Sphinx of Giza]] [[Karnak Temple Complex]] [[Luxor Temple]] [[Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela]] [[Saint Catherine's Monastery]] [[Temple of Edfu]] [[Great Zimbabwe]] [[Chichen Itza]] [[Chrysler Building]] [[Empire State Building]] [[Fallingwater Residence]] [[Flatiron Building]] [[Getty Center]] [[Guggenheim New York]] [[Maracanã Stadium]] [[Machu Picchu]] [[Mexico City Cathedral]] [[Naqsh-e Jahan Square]] [[National Congress of Brazil]] [[Willis Tower]] [[Statue of Liberty]] [[The Pyramid of the Sun]] [[Uxmal]] [[World Trade Center]] [[Angkor Wat]] [[Arg-é Bam]] [[Badshahi Mosque]] [[Bagan]] [[Borobudur]] [[Burj Khalifa]] [[Burj Al Arab]] [[Chinese_garden]] [[Chogha Zanbil]] [[Forbidden City]] [[Ukuta wa China]] [[Hawa Mahal]] [[Himeji Castle]] [[Hōryū-ji]] [[Itsukushima Shrine]] [[Khajuraho]] [[Krak des Chevaliers]] [[Masjid al-Haram]] [[Ming Dynasty Tombs]] [[Mogao_Caves]] [[Petra]] [[Potala Palace]] [[Prambanan]] [[Red Fort]] [[Registan]] [[Shwedagon Pagoda]] [[Taj Mahal]] [[Temple of Confucius]] [[Terracotta_Army]] [[Umayyad Mosque]] [[Acropolis of Athens]] [[Alhambra]] [[Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Sofia]] [[Basilika la Bikira Maria wa Pillar]] [[Belvedere Palace]] [[Buckingham Palace]] [[Capitoline Hill]] [[Kanisa kuu la Santiago de Compostela]] [[Catherine Palace]] [[Cave of Altamira]] [[Kanisa kuu la Chartres]] [[Kanisa kuu la Cologne]] [[Koloseo]] [[Doge's Palace]] [[Mnara wa Eiffel]] [[El Escorial]] [[Kanisa kuu la Firenze]] [[Guggenheim Bilbao]] [[Hagia Sophia]] [[Hungarian Parliament Building]] [[Kanisa kuu la Kazan]] [[Leaning Tower of Pisa]] [[Kanisa kuu la Milano]] [[Mont Saint-Michel]] [[Moscow Kremlin]] [[Mount Athos Monasteries]] [[Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon]] [[Notre Dame de Paris]] [[Neuschwanstein Castle]] [[Oslo Opera House]] [[Palazzo Pitti]] [[Parthenon]] [[Pantheon]] [[Peterhof Palace]] [[Patakatifu wa Lourdes]] [[Sagrada Família]] [[Kanisa kuu la Mt. Basili]] [[Basilika la Mt. Petro]] [[Kikanisa cha Sisto IV]] [[Stonehenge]] [[Topkapı Palace]] [[Versailles Palace]] [[Way of St. James]] [[Wembley Stadium]] [[Westminster Palace]] [[Windsor Castle]] [[Winter Palace]] [[Sydney Opera House]] [[Maajabu saba ya dunia]] [[Sanamu ya Kolossos kisiwani Rhodos]] [[Piramidi za Giza]] [[Mabustani ya Semiramis]] [[Pharos ya Aleksandria]] [[Mausoleum at Halicarnassus]] [[Sanamu ya Zeus mjini Olympia]] [[Hekalu la Artemis mjini Efeso]] ===[[Fasihi]]=== [[Fasihi ya Bizanti]] [[Fasihi ya Kilatini]] [[English literature]] [[American literature]] [[Australian literature]] [[British literature]] [[Canadian literature]] [[Irish literature]] [[Fasihi ya Italia]] [[Egyptian literature]] [[Arabic literature]] [[Chinese literature]] [[Hebrew literature]] [[Japanese literature]] [[Persian literature]] [[Turkish literature]] [[Czech literature]] [[Dutch literature]] [[German literature]] [[Austrian literature]] [[Greek literature]] [[French literature]] [[Belgian literature]] [[Italian literature]] [[Polish literature]] [[Portuguese literature]] [[Spanish literature]] [[Latin American literature]] [[Romanian literature]] [[Russian literature]] [[Fiction]] [[Nathari]] [[Legend]] [[Satire]] [[Riwaya]] [[Short story]] [[Kitabu]] [[Kamusi elezo]] [[Ushairi]] [[Utendi]] [[Haiku]] [[Sonnet]] [[Literary theory]] [[Poetics]] [[Stylistics]] [[New Criticism]] [[Literary genre]] [[Children's literature]] [[Detective fiction]] [[Genre fiction]] [[Science fiction]] [[Young-adult fiction]] [[Fable]] [[Fairy tale]] [[Fantasy]] [[Thesaurus]] [[The Art of War]] [[Nguzo ya Hammurabi]] [[Euclid's Elements]] [[Eugene Onegin]] [[Hamlet]] [[Republic]] [[The Prince]] [[Alfu Lela U Lela]] [[Ndoto ya chumba chekundu]] [[Don Quixote]] [[The Lord of the Rings]] [[The Tale of Genji]] [[Utenzi wa Gilgamesh]] [[Iliad]] [[Journey to the West]] [[Mahabharata]] [[Odyssey]] [[Parzival]] [[Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] [[Shahnameh]] [[Water Margin]] [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] [[I Ching]] [[Septuaginta]] [[Faust]] [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] [[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]] [[On the Origin of Species]] [[Oxford English Dictionary]] [[Gulliver's Travels]] [[King Lear]] [[Macbeth]] [[A Midsummer Night's Dream]] [[Othello]] [[Robinson Crusoe]] [[Romeo and Juliet]] [[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]] [[Anna Karenina]] [[The Brothers Karamazov]] [[The Catcher in the Rye]] [[The Chronicles of Narnia]] [[Crime and Punishment]] [[Frankenstein]] [[Les Misérables]] [[The Little Prince]] [[Moby-Dick]] [[Nineteen Eighty-Four]] [[The Old Man and the Sea]] [[One Hundred Years of Solitude]] [[Pride and Prejudice]] [[Ulysses (novel)]] [[Waiting for Godot]] [[War and Peace]] [[Asterix]] [[Aeneid]] [[Metamorphoses]] [[Divine Comedy]] [[Nibelungenlied]] [[Centaur]] [[Chimera (mythology)]] [[Demon]] [[Dragon]] [[Fairy]] [[Ghost]] [[Jinn]] [[Loch Ness Monster]] [[Mermaid]] [[Pegasus]] [[Unicorn]] [[Vampire]] [[Shapeshifter]] [[Atlantis]] [[Utopia]] {{Div col end}} ===[[Muziki]]=== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Kwaya]] [[Interval]] [[Major]] [[Minor]] [[Musical improvisation]] [[Scale (music)]] [[Orchestra]] [[Rhythm]] [[Singing]] [[Song]] [[Musicology]] [[Articulation]] [[Counterpoint]] [[Music theory]] [[Musical form]] [[Mode (music)]] [[Twelve-tone technique]] [[Music video]] [[Rapping]] [[Melody]] [[Harmony]] [[Chord]] [[Medieval music]] [[Renaissance music]] [[Baroque music]] [[Classical period]] [[Romantic music]] [[Religious music]] [[20th-century classical music]] [[Impressionist music]] [[Expressionist music]] [[Neoclassicism]] [[Serialism]] [[Aleatoric music]] [[Minimal music]] [[Classical music]] [[Aria]] [[Canon]] [[Cantata]] [[Chamber music]] [[Concerto]] [[Étude]] [[Fugue]] [[Hymn]] [[Lied]] [[Madrigal]] [[Mass]] [[Opera]] [[Overture]] [[Prelude]] [[Requiem]] [[Sonata]] [[Suite]] [[Symphonic poem]] [[Symphony]] [[Blues]] [[Country]] [[Dance music]] [[Easy listening]] [[Electronic music]] [[Film music]] [[Folk music]] [[Gamelan]] [[Gregorian chant]] [[Hip hop]] [[Jazz]] [[Bebop]] [[Dixieland]] [[Free jazz]] [[Swing music]] [[Klezmer]] [[National anthem]] [[Pop music]] [[Reggae]] [[Rhythm and blues]] [[Soul music]] [[Rock music]] [[Heavy metal music]] [[Schlager music]] [[World music]] [[Disco]] [[Funk]] [[Ragtime]] [[Alternative rock]] [[Punk rock]] [[Rock and roll]] [[Singer-songwriter]] [[Musical instrument]] [[Accordion]] [[Brass instrument]] [[Alto_saxophone]] [[Bass guitar]] [[Bass drum]] [[Bassoon]] [[Bells]] [[Bongo]] [[Carillon]] [[Cello]] [[Celeste]] [[Tubular bells]] [[Clarinet]] [[Contrabassoon]] [[Cornet]] [[Drum]] [[Electronic musical instrument]] [[Electric guitar]] [[Electric piano]] [[Music sequencer]] [[Synthesizer]] [[Cor anglais]] [[Euphonium]] [[Flugelhorn]] [[Zumari]] [[Horn (instrument)]] [[Gitaa]] [[Harmonica]] [[Pump organ]] [[Harp]] [[Harpsichord]] [[Lyre]] [[Oboe]] [[Piano]] [[Piccolo]] [[Pipe organ]] [[Recorder]] [[Saxophone]] [[Snare drum]] [[Sousaphone]] [[Double bass]] [[String instrument]] [[Timpani]] [[Trombone]] [[Trumpet]] [[Tuba]] [[Vibraphone]] [[Viola]] [[Violin]] [[Xylophone]] [[Zither]] [[Mandolin]] [[Lute]] [[Wind instrument]] [[Woodwind instrument]] [[Bagpipes]] [[Percussion instrument]] [[Cymbal]] [[The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)]] [[Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)]] [[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)]] [[Opera, 6]] [[Carmen]] [[Don Giovanni]] [[Madama Butterfly]] [[The Magic Flute]] [[Der Ring des Nibelungen]] [[La traviata]] [[Ballet, 1]] [[Swan Lake]] [[The Dark Side of the Moon]] [[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]] [[Thriller (Michael Jackson album)]] [[Performing arts, 60]] [[Performing arts]] [[Acting]] [[Hadhira]] [[Theater]] [[Joke]] [[Parody]] [[Acrobatics]] [[Tightrope walking]] [[Circus]] [[Juggling]] [[Animal training]] [[Magic]] [[Sleight of hand]] [[Musical theatre]] [[Operetta]] [[Oratory]] [[Performance art]] [[Clown]] [[Dance]] [[Ballet]] [[Belly dance]] [[Choreography]] [[Bossa nova]] [[B-boying]] [[Flamenco]] [[Folk dance]] [[Foxtrot]] [[Hip hop]] [[Jitterbug]] [[Jive]] [[Mambo]] [[Pasodoble]] [[Quickstep]] [[Samba]] [[Tango]] [[Twist]] [[Waltz]] ===Maigizo=== [[Theatre]] [[Theatre of ancient Greece]] [[Amateur theatre]] [[Improvisational theatre]] [[Audition]] [[Broadway theatre]] [[Cabaret]] [[Corps de ballet]] [[Comedy]] [[Commedia dell'arte]] [[Dialogue]] [[Drama]] [[Mystery play]] [[Theatre director]] [[Puppetry]] [[Soliloquy]] [[Kabuki]] [[Peking opera]] [[Noh]] [[Scenography]] [[Wayang]] [[Tragedy]] [[Art]] [[Visual arts]] [[Historia ya sanaa]] [[Byzantine art]] [[Carolingian Renaissance]] [[Celtic art]] [[Etruscan art]] [[Mchoro mdogo]] [[Stained glass]] [[Academic art]] [[Baroko]] [[Classicism]] [[Düsseldorf school of painting]] [[Dutch Golden Age painting]] [[Empire style]] [[Mtindo wa Kigothi]] [[Mannerism]] [[Realism (arts)]] [[Romanesque art]] [[Rococo]] [[Abstract art]] [[Abstract expressionism]] [[Art Deco]] [[Art Nouveau]] [[Bauhaus]] [[Constructivism (art)]] [[Cubism]] [[Dada]] [[Expressionism]] [[Futurism]] [[Impressionism]] [[Kitsch]] [[Neoclassicism]] [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood]] [[Post-Impressionism]] [[Suprematism]] [[Surrealism]] [[Symbolism (arts)]] [[Fluxus]] [[Kinetic art]] [[Land art]] [[Minimalism]] [[Neo-expressionism]] [[Conceptual art]] [[Op art]] [[Outsider art]] [[Pop art]] [[Postmodern art]] [[Transavantgarde]] [[Charcoal]] [[Wino]] [[Paint]] [[Pencil]] [[Pigment]] [[Peni]] [[Design]] [[Graphic design]] [[Web design]] [[Body art]] [[Calligraphy]] [[Comics]] [[Drawing]] [[Environmental art]] [[Fashion]] [[Handicraft]] [[Painting]] [[Palette]] [[Portrait miniature]] [[Ufinyanzi]] [[Sculpture]] [[Video art]] [[Collage]] [[Manga]] [[Graffiti]] [[Illustration]] [[Mosaiki]] [[Oil painting]] [[Origami]] [[Watercolor painting]] [[Filamu]] [[Movie theater]] [[Animation]] [[Anime]] [[Computer animation]] [[Color motion picture film]] [[Short film]] [[Silent film]] [[Filmmaking]] [[Cinematography]] [[Film editing]] [[Foley (filmmaking)]] [[Special effect]] [[Studio system]] [[Technicolor]] [[Bollywood]] [[Cannes Film Festival]] [[Academy Award]] [[The Blue Boy]] [[The Death of Socrates]] [[Mona Lisa]] [[The Night Watch]] [[The Scream]] [[The Last Supper]] [[The Starry Night]] [[Guernica]] [[The Thinker]] [[David (Michelangelo)]] [[Manneken Pis]] [[The Little Mermaid (statue)]] [[Venus de Milo]] [[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]] [[Citizen Kane]] [[Lawrence of Arabia]] [[The Sound of Music]] [[Casablanca]] [[Gone with the Wind]] [[2001: A Space Odyssey]] [[Star Wars]] [[The Godfather]] {{Div col end}} ==[[Falsafa]] na [[Dini]]== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Falsafa ya lugha]] [[Falsafa ya hisabati]] [[Philosophy of mind]] [[Falsafa ya siasa]] [[Social philosophy]] [[Historia ya falsafa]] [[Falsafa kabla ya Sokrate]] [[Falsafa ya Karne za Kati]] [[Renaissance philosophy]] [[Falsafa ya mashariki]] [[Falsafa ya magharibi]] [[Falsafa ya India]] [[Falsafa ya China]] [[Falsafa ya Ujerumani]] [[Falsafa ya Marekani]] [[Aesthetics]] [[Uzuri]] [[Mimesis]] [[Sublime (philosophy)]] [[Maadili]] [[Applied ethics]] [[Meta-ethics]] [[Normative ethics]] [[Deontological ethics]] [[Nihilism]] [[Relativism]] [[Utilitarianism]] [[Duty]] [[Evil]] [[Hiari]] [[Good]] [[Uhuru]] [[Uadilifu]] [[Adili]] [[Hekima]] [[Epistemology]] [[Wembe wa Occam]] [[Common sense]] [[Dhamiri]] [[Rai]] [[Paradigm]] [[Reason]] [[Empiricism]] [[Naturalism (philosophy)]] [[Pragmatism]] [[Rationalism]] [[Reductionism]] [[Experience]] [[Ujuzi]] [[Ukweli]] [[Mantiki]] [[Dialectic]] [[Philosophical logic]] [[Hoja]] [[Inference]] [[Paradox]] [[Metaphysics]] [[Abstraction]] [[Causality]] [[Nothing]] [[Determinism]] [[Dualism]] [[Idealism]] [[Materialism]] [[Monism]] [[Existence]] [[Ontology]] [[Reality]] [[Falsafa ya sayansi]] [[Fact]] [[Hypothesis]] [[Pseudoscience]] [[Parapsychology]] [[Nadharia]] [[Falsafa ya kidini]] [[Falsafa ya Kibuddha]] [[Falsafa ya Kiislamu]] [[Falsafa ya Kikristo]] [[Falsafa ya dini]] [[Absolute (philosophy)]] [[Continental philosophy]] [[Existentialism]] [[Humanism]] [[Logical positivism]] [[Positivism]] [[Postmodernism]] [[Romanticism]] [[Skepticism]] [[Stoicism]] [[Structuralism]] [[Analytic philosophy]] [[Phenomenology (philosophy)]] [[Thomism]] {{Div col end}} ===Dini na maisha ya kiroho=== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Dini]] [[Umungu]] [[Mungu]] [[Mungu wa kike]] [[Kuhani]] [[Maisha ya kiroho]] [[Roho]] [[Tafakuri]] [[Sala]] [[Ibada]] [[Tohara]] [[Ibilisi]] [[Sayansi ya dini]] [[Sadaka]] [[Comparative religion]] [[Doctrine]] [[Dini za jadi]] [[Uhuru wa dini]] [[Secularism]] [[Teolojia]] [[Deity]] [[Creator deity]] [[Mother goddess]] [[Upagani]] [[Uumbaji]] [[Laana]] [[Eschatology]] [[Imani]] [[Kisasili]] [[Ufufuko]] [[Sacred]] [[Supernatural]] [[Totemism]] [[Theophany]] [[Utetezi wa dini]] [[Saumu]] [[Uzushi]] [[Picha takatifu]] [[Iconoclasm]] [[Idolatry]] [[Liturujia]] [[Hija]] [[Unabii]] [[Wongofu]] [[Ritual]] [[Veneration]] [[Worship]] [[Maiti]] [[Mazishi]] [[Cemetery]] [[Kaburi]] [[Cremation]] [[Death (personification)]] [[Spirit]] [[Afterlife]] [[Reincarnation]] [[Immortality]] [[Paradiso]] [[Jehanamu]] [[Altare]] [[Anti-clericalism]] [[Nasadiki]] [[Cult]] [[Monasteri]] [[Madhehebu]] [[Farakano]] [[Sect]] [[Patakatifu]] [[Hekalu]] [[Theism]] [[Agnosticism]] [[Ukanamungu]] [[Deism]] [[Itikadi kali]] [[Monotheism]] [[Panentheism]] [[Pantheism]] [[Polytheism]] [[Ekumeni]] [[Neopaganism]] [[Imani sahihi]] [[Upagani]] [[Syncretism]] [[Unitarianism]] [[Nontheism]] [[Antitheism]] [[Freethought]] [[Abrahamic religion]] [[Ukristo]] [[Wadruzi]] [[Uislamu]] [[Uyahudi]] [[Malaika]] [[Roho Mtakatifu]] [[Masiya]] [[Dhambi]] [[Amri Kumi]] [[Kanisa]] [[YHWH]] [[Shetani]] [[Biblia]] [[Agano Jipya]] [[Agano la Kale]] [[Noeli]] [[Pasaka]] [[Pentekoste]] [[Utatu]] [[Nontrinitarianism]] [[Katoliki]] [[Kanisa Katoliki]] [[Papa]] [[Makanisa ya Kiorthodoksi]] [[Uprotestanti]] [[Anglikana]] [[Ubatizo]] [[Evangelicalism]] [[Walutheri]] [[Wamethodisti]] [[Wamormoni]] [[Makweka]] [[Makanisa ya Kiorthodoksi ya Mashariki]] [[Kanisa (jengo)]] [[Kanisa kuu]] [[Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Urusi]] [[Wakalvini]] [[Islam]] [[Nguzo tano za Uislamu]] [[Madhehebu ya Kiislamu]] [[Shia]] [[Sunni]] [[Sufism]] [[Allah]] [[Quran]] [[Imam]] [[Msikiti]] [[Hajj]] [[Hadith]] [[Kaaba]] [[Muslim]] [[Sharia]] [[Uyahudi]] [[Orthodox Judaism]] [[Reform Judaism]] [[Conservative Judaism]] [[Pasaka ya Kiyahudi]] [[Rabbi]] [[Sinagogi]] [[Torah]] [[Tanakh]] [[Talmud]] [[Yom Kippur]] [[Ayyavazhi]] [[Bahá'í]] [[Ubuddha]] [[Mahayana]] [[Avalokiteśvara]] [[Diamond Sutra]] [[Nirvana]] [[Theravada]] [[Pāli Canon]] [[Tibetan Buddhism]] [[Vajrayana]] [[Zen]] [[Ukonfusio]] [[Four Books and Five Classics]] [[Hinduism]] [[Shaivism]] [[Vaishnavism]] [[Shaktism]] [[Om]] [[Avatar]] [[Ayurveda]] [[Bhagavad Gita]] [[Brahma]] [[Brahman]] [[Dharma]] [[Ishvara]] [[Karma]] [[Krishna]] [[Kumbha Mela]] [[Ramayana]] [[Rigveda]] [[Shiva]] [[Trimurti]] [[Upanishads]] [[Vedas]] [[Vedanta]] [[Vishnu]] [[Yoga]] [[Jainism]] [[Shinto]] [[Singasinga]] [[Guru Granth Sahib]] [[Harmandir Sahib]] [[Taoism]] [[Tao Te Ching]] [[Traditional African religion]] [[Chinese folk religion]] [[Jade Emperor]] [[Shamanism]] [[Uzoroastro]] [[Avesta]] [[Parsi]] [[Mysticism]] [[Wamasoni]] [[Gnosticism]] [[Magic (paranormal)]] [[Astrology]] [[Tarot]] [[Uchawi]] [[Occultism]] [[West African Vodun]] [[Mythology]] [[Folklore]] [[Australian Aboriginal mythology]] [[Celtic polytheism]] [[Mitholojia ya Misri]] [[Germanic paganism]] [[Mitholojia ya Kigiriki]] [[Lilith]] [[Mitholojia ya Norwei]] [[Mitholojia ya Kirumi]] [[Eva]] [[Amun]] [[Anubis]] [[Aten]] [[Hathor]] [[Horus]] [[Isis]] [[Osiris]] [[Ra]] [[Zeus]] [[Eros]] [[Poseidon]] [[Hades]] [[Hera]] [[Aphrodite]] [[Artemis]] [[Athena]] [[Hestia]] [[Ares]] [[Hermes]] [[Hephaestus]] [[Apollo]] [[Gaia (mitholojia)]] [[Quetzalcoatl]] [[Freyja]] [[Odin]] [[Thor]] [[Juno (mitholojia)]] [[Jupiter (mitholojia)]] [[Mars (mitholojia)]] [[Pluto (mitholojia)]] [[Venus (mitholojia)]] [[Vulcan (mitholojia)]] {{Div col end}} ==[[Anthropolojia]], [[saikolojia]], maisha ya kawaida== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Anthropolojia]] [[Utamaduni]] [[Festival]] [[Holiday]] [[Biological anthropology]] [[Race (classification of humans)]] [[Cultural anthropology]] [[Linguistic anthropology]] [[Social anthropology]] [[People]] [[Ethnolojia]] [[Kabila]] [[Ethnography]] [[Indigenous peoples]] [[Wabantu]] [[Waeuskara]] [[Wasani]] [[Wagermanik]] [[Waaustralia asili]] [[Waindio]] [[Cherokee]] [[Inuit]] [[Wayahudi]] [[Wakurdi]] [[Wamasai]] [[Wamongoli]] [[Romani people]] [[Waslavi]] [[Watutsi]] [[Waarabu]] [[Waaustronesia]] [[Waberberi]] [[Creole peoples]] [[Han Chinese]] [[Malayali]] [[Māori people]] [[Proto-Indo-Europeans]] [[Wasemiti]] [[Turkish people]] [[Uyghur people]] [[Undugu]] [[Familia]] [[Kaya]] [[Nuclear family]] [[Familia pana]] [[Stepfamily]] [[Affinity (law) (In-laws)]] [[Ukoo]] [[Concubinage]] [[Consanguinity]] [[Yatima]] [[Pet]] [[Spouse]] [[Mzazi]] [[Godparent]] [[Ndugu]] [[Pacha]] [[Mjukuu]] [[Interpersonal relationship]] [[Casual relationship]] [[Intimate relationship]] [[Urafiki]] [[Cohabitation]] [[Monogamy]] [[Bigamy]] [[Polygamy]] [[Dating]] [[Courtship]] [[Romance (love)]] [[Engagement‎]] [[Arusi]] [[Mahari]] [[Ndoa]] [[Ndoa ya kiserikali]] [[Civil union]] [[Marriage of convenience]] [[Uzazi wa mpango]] [[Childbirth]] [[Surrogacy]] [[Utasa]] [[Parenting]] [[LGBT parenting]] [[Foster care]] [[Adoption]] [[Sosholojia ya familia]] [[Talaka]] [[Uzinifu]] [[Mjane]] [[Incest]] [[Domestic violence]] ===[[Upishi]], [[chakula]]=== For fruits, vegetables, herbs and animals kept for food, see Biology/Organisms [[Cooking]] [[Cuisine]] [[Chakula]] [[Kinywaji]] [[Vitamini]] [[Mlo]] [[Breakfast]] [[Lunch]] [[Dinner]] [[Dessert]] [[Cooking oil]] [[Olive oil]] [[Palm oil]] [[Fast food]] [[Restaurant]] [[Vegetarianism]] [[Vegetable]] [[Root vegetable]] [[Tuber]] [[Tunda]] [[Pumpkin]] [[Blackberry]] [[Apricot]] [[Tende]] [[Komamanga]] [[Maziwa]] [[Butter]] [[Margarine]] [[Cream]] [[Jibini]] [[Blue cheese]] [[Cheddar cheese]] [[Mozzarella]] [[Parmigiano-Reggiano]] [[Coconut milk]] [[Ice cream]] [[Soy milk]] [[Tofu]] [[Yogurt]] [[Mkate]] [[Cereal]] [[Unga]] [[Candy]] [[Caramel]] [[Chokoleti]] [[Asali]] [[Jozi (tunda)]] [[Hazelnut]] [[Walnut]] [[Yai]] [[Nyama]] [[Bacon]] [[Beef]] [[Nyama ya kuku]] [[Ham]] [[Hamburger]] [[Hot dog]] [[Lamb and mutton]] [[Nyama ya nguruwe]] [[Lard]] [[Offal]] [[Sausage]] [[Seafood]] [[Samaki (chakula)]] [[Kiungo (upishi)]] [[Herb]] [[Sauce]] [[Spice]] [[Anise]] [[Basil]] [[Black pepper]] [[Cardamom]] [[Cinnamon]] [[Fennel]] [[Kitunguu saumu]] [[Tangawizi]] [[Horseradish]] [[Lavandula]] [[Chaichai]] [[Liquorice]] [[Mentha]] [[Kitunguu]] [[Parsley]] [[Saffron]] [[Chutney]] [[Fish sauce]] [[Fruit preserves]] [[Ketchup]] [[Mayonnaise]] [[Mustard (condiment)]] [[Paprika]] [[Pesto]] [[Soy sauce]] [[Tartar sauce]] [[Siki]] [[Keki]] [[Curry]] [[Fondue]] [[French fries]] [[Kebab]] [[Noodles]] [[Pasta]] [[Pastry]] [[Pie]] [[Pizza]] [[Porridge]] [[Salad]] [[Samosa]] [[Sandwich]] [[Soup]] [[Stew]] [[Sushi]] [[Maji ya kunywa]] [[Iced tea]] [[Juisi]] [[Orange juice]] [[Lemonade]] [[Soft drink]] [[Cola]] [[Coca-Cola]] [[Energy drink]] [[Tonic water]] [[Chai]] [[Chai ya kijani]] [[Chai nyeusi]] [[Kahawa]] [[Espresso]] [[Turkish coffee]] [[Hot chocolate]] [[Mate (beverage)]] [[Kileo]] [[Distilled beverage]] [[Bia]] [[Brandy]] [[Cider]] [[Gin]] [[Liqueur]] [[Rum]] [[Sake]] [[Tequila]] [[Vodka]] [[Whisky]] [[Divai]] [[Divai nyekundu]] [[Divai nyeupe]] [[Sparkling wine]] [[Cocktail]] [[Martini]] [[Mojito]] [[Sangria]] [[Belt (clothing)]] [[Hijabu]] [[Kifungo]] [[Cloak]] [[Clothing]] [[Undergarment]] [[Dress]] [[Glove]] [[Hat]] [[Necktie]] [[Trousers]] [[Kiatu]] [[Scarf]] [[Shati]] [[Sketi]] [[Swimsuit]] [[Sock]] [[Hook and loop fastener]] [[Zipper]] [[Beard]] [[Brassiere]] [[Cosmetics]] [[Perfume]] [[Jewellery]] [[Mask]] [[Tattoo]] [[Bathtub]] [[Kitanda]] [[Benchi]] [[Cabinetry]] [[Kiti]] [[Commode]] [[Kochi]] [[Cupboard]] [[Deski]] [[Fireplace]] [[Fenicha]] [[Home appliance]] [[Meza]] [[Textile]] [[Bedding]] [[Carpet]] [[Pazia]] [[Pillow]] [[Kitchenware]] [[Cutlery]] [[Uma]] [[Kijiko]] [[Chopsticks]] [[Plate (dishware)]] [[Human sexuality]] [[Mwanamume]] [[Mwanamke]] [[Heterosexuality]] [[Ushoga]] [[Tendo la ndoa]] [[Ngono zembe]] [[Fertility]] [[Busu]] [[Sexual attraction]] [[Sexual orientation]] [[Bisexuality]] [[Foreplay]] [[Oral sex]] [[Mshindo]] [[Vidonge vya kupanga uzazi vilivyochanganywa]] [[Kondomu]] [[Punyeto]] [[Ukahaba]] [[Ponografia]] [[Utoto]] [[Newborn]] [[Infant]] [[Child]] [[Mvulana]] [[Msichana]] [[Ujana]] [[Ubalehe]] [[Mtu mzima]] [[Uzee]] [[Elimunafsia]] [[Clinical psychology]] [[Cognitive psychology]] [[Evolutionary psychology]] [[Personality psychology]] [[Psychology of religion]] [[Psychotherapy]] [[Genius]] [[Hypnosis]] [[Libido]] [[Phobia]] [[Pessimism]] [[Perception]] [[Social psychology]] [[Stockholm syndrome]] [[Cognition]] [[Uongozi]] [[Ubunifu]] [[Power]] [[Optimism]] [[Human nature]] [[Ubunifu]] [[Crying]] [[Unafiki]] [[Oedipus complex]] [[Sense]] [[Kumbukumbu]] [[Analytical psychology]] [[Behaviorism]] [[Developmental psychology]] [[Gestalt psychology]] [[Humanistic psychology]] [[Psychoanalysis]] [[Attention]] [[Usahaulifu]] [[Consciousness]] [[Usingizi]] [[Ndoto]] [[Silika]] [[Mind]] [[Mood]] [[Temperament]] [[Personality]] [[Motivation]] [[Stereotype]] [[Thought]] [[Behavior]] [[Emotion]] [[Hasira]] [[Anxiety]] [[Compassion]] [[Courage]] [[Udadisi]] [[Disgust]] [[Doubt]] [[Kijicho]] [[Hofu]] [[Guilt (emotion)]] [[Heri]] [[Chuki]] [[Tumaini]] [[Wivu]] [[Pendo]] [[Uasherati]] [[Kiburi]] [[Huzuni]] [[Aibu]] [[Mshangao]] [[Humour]] [[Pleasure]] [[Suffering]] [[Aggression]] [[Altruism]] [[Mamlaka]] [[Betrayal]] [[Bullying]] [[Karama]] [[Competition]] [[Conformity]] [[Egocentrism]] [[Empathy]] [[Msamaha]] [[Honour]] [[Uongo]] [[Privacy]] [[Prejudice]] [[Adhabu]] [[Respect]] [[Shyness]] [[Trust]] ===[[Lugha]]=== [[Constructed language]] [[Lahaja]] [[Kamusi]] [[Sarufi]] [[Kivumishi]] [[Kielezi]] [[Kiunganishi]] [[Grammatical case]] [[Nomino]] [[Pronoun]] [[Sentensi]] [[Syntax]] [[Kitenzi]] [[Linguistics]] [[Comparative linguistics]] [[Etimolojia]] [[Historical linguistics]] [[Fonetiki]] [[Literacy]] [[Mofolojia]] [[Filolojia]] [[Matamshi]] [[Rhetoric]] [[Tafsiri]] [[Neno]] [[Fonimu]] [[Konsonanti]] [[Vokali]] [[Silabi]] [[Writing]] [[Diacritic]] [[Othografia]] [[Writing system]] [[Jina]] [[Fonolojia]] [[Semantics]] [[Semiotics]] [[Symbol]] [[Language family]] [[Lugha za Kiafrika-Kiasia]] [[Lugha za Kisemiti]] [[Lugha za Kialtai]] [[Lugha za Kiaustro-Asiatiki]] [[Lugha za Kiaustronesia]] [[Lugha za Kidravidi]] [[Lugha za Kieskimo-Kialeuti]] [[Lugha za Kihindi-Kiulaya]] [[Lugha za Kigermanik]] [[Lugha za Kiirani]] [[Lugha za Kirumi]] [[Lugha za Kislavoni]] [[Lugha za Kikhoisan]] [[Lugha za Kiniger-Kongo]] [[Lugha za Kinilo-Sahara]] [[[[Lugha za Kisino-Tibeti]]]] [[Lugha za Kikaukazi]] [[Lugha za Kitai-Kadai]] [[Lugha za Kitungusi]] [[Lugha za Kiturki]] [[Lugha za Kiurali]] [[Lugha za Kiuto-Azteki]] [[Alfabeti]] [[Herufi]] [[Braille]] [[Alfabeti ya Kiarabu]] [[Mwandiko wa Kichina]] [[Mwandiko wa kikabari]] [[Kikyrili]] [[Devanagari]] [[Hiroglifi]] [[Georgian scripts]] [[Alfabeti ya Kigiriki]] [[Hangul]] [[Latin script alphabet]] [[Phoenician alphabet]] [[Runes]] [[Rosetta Stone]] [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] [[Morse code]] [[Syllabary]] [[Kigiriki cha Kale]] [[Kiaramu]] [[Kiarabu]] [[Kibengali]] [[Kichina]] [[Kidenmark|Kidani]] [[Kimisri]] [[Kiingereza]] [[Kiingereza cha Kale]] [[Kiesperanto]] [[Kifaransa]] [[Kijerumani]] [[Kigiriki]] [[Kigujarati]] [[Kiebrania]] [[Kihindustani]] [[Kihindi]] [[Kiitalia]] [[Kijapani]] [[Kijava]] [[Kikorea]] [[Kilatini]] [[Kimandarin]] [[Kimarathi]] [[Kichina cha Min]] [[Kipolandi]] [[Kireno]] [[Kifarsi]] [[Kirusi]] [[Kisanskrit]] [[Kihispania]] [[Kiswahili]] [[Kisiria]] [[Kitamil]] [[Kitagalog]] [[Kitelugu]] [[Kituruki]] [[Kipanjabi]] [[Kiukraina]] [[Kivietnam]] [[Kichina cha Wu]] [[Kichina cha Yue]] [[Burmese language]] [[Kihungaria]] [[Quechua languages]] [[Kithai]] [[Akkadian language]] [[Kiamhara]] [[Kiberber]] [[Kikopti]] [[Kisomali]] [[Kiindonesia]] [[Kimalagasy]] [[Kimalay]] [[Kikhmer]] [[Kiarmenia]] [[Kiassam]] [[Kiurdu]] [[Kinepali]] [[Kioriya]] [[Kipali]] [[Kisindhi]] [[Kikatalani]] [[Kiromania]] [[Kiholanzi]] [[Kiswidi]] [[Kiyiddish]] [[Kikurdi]] [[Kipashto]] [[Kibulgaria]] [[Kicheki]] [[Kiserbokroatia]] [[Kikannada]] [[Kimalayalam]] [[Kizulu]] [[Kiazeri]] [[Kikazakh]] [[Kiuzbek]] [[Lugha ya ishara]] {{Div col end}} ===Burudani=== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Recreation]] [[Entertainment]] [[Game]] [[Amusement park]] [[Kamari]] [[Casino]] [[Dice]] [[Lottery]] [[Roulette]] [[Poker]] [[Blackjack]] [[Slot machine]] [[Leisure]] [[Party]] [[Play (activity)]] [[Puzzle]] [[Crossword]] [[Sudoku]] [[Toy]] [[Aquarium]] [[Zoo]] [[Board game]] [[Backgammon]] [[Chess]] [[Draughts]] [[Cluedo]] [[Go (game)]] [[Monopoly (game)]] [[Scrabble]] [[Pachisi]] [[Xiangqi]] [[Mankala]] [[Marble (toy)]] [[Karata]] [[Mchezo wa video]] [[Pokémon]] [[Pong]] [[Arcade game]] [[Card game]] [[Contract bridge]] [[Darts]] [[Dominoes]] [[Doll]] [[Flying disc]] [[Lego]] [[Rubik's Cube]] [[Slinky]] [[Barbie]] [[Yo-yo]] [[Sport]] [[Ball game]] [[Ball]] [[Stadium]] [[Swimming pool]] [[Olympic Games]] [[Paralympic Games]] [[Summer Olympic Games]] [[Winter Olympic Games]] [[Doping in sport]] [[Winter sport]] [[Esports]] [[Futiboli ya Marekani]] [[National Football League]] [[Super Bowl]] [[Australian rules football]] [[Baseball]] [[Major League Baseball]] [[World Series]] [[Mpira wa kikapu]] [[National Basketball Association]] [[Cricket]] [[Cricket World Cup]] [[Curling]] [[Floorball]] [[Association football]] [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] [[Kipa]] [[UEFA European Football Championship]] [[Premier League]] [[UEFA Champions League]] [[Team handball]] [[Hoki]] [[Field hockey]] [[Ice hockey]] [[National Hockey League]] [[Lacrosse]] [[Polo]] [[Rugby football]] [[Rugby league]] [[Rugby sevens]] [[Rugby union]] [[Mpira wa wavu]] [[Beach volleyball]] [[Riadha]] [[Decathlon]] [[Discus throw]] [[High jump]] [[Hurdling]] [[Javelin throw]] [[Long jump]] [[Running]] [[Marathoni]] [[Pole vault]] [[Shot put]] [[Ice skating]] [[Figure skating]] [[Speed skating]] [[Roller skating]] [[Skateboarding]] [[Canoeing]] [[Diving]] [[Rowing (sport)]] [[Swimming (sport)]] [[Water polo]] [[Angling]] [[Archery]] [[Auto racing]] [[Formula One]] [[NASCAR]] [[Motorcycle sport]] [[Badminton]] [[Bodybuilding]] [[Boules]] [[Petanque]] [[Bowling]] [[Cue sports]] [[Cycling]] [[Mountain bike]] [[Time trial]] [[Tour de France]] [[Equestrianism]] [[Dressage]] [[Horse racing]] [[Rodeo]] [[Show jumping]] [[Fencing]] [[Foil (fencing)]] [[Sabre (fencing)]] [[Golf]] [[Gymnastics]] [[Rhythmic gymnastics]] [[Floor (gymnastics)]] [[Somersault]] [[Trampoline]] [[Vault (gymnastics)]] [[Pentathlon]] [[Mountaineering]] [[Orienteering]] [[Shooting sport]] [[Skii]] [[Alpine skiing]] [[Biathlon]] [[Nordic skiing]] [[Ski jumping]] [[Slalom skiing]] [[Ski]] [[Sled]] [[Bobsleigh]] [[Luge]] [[Snooker]] [[Snowboarding]] [[Squash (sport)]] [[Surfing]] [[Table tennis]] [[Tennis]] [[Racket (sports equipment)]] [[Triathlon]] [[Olympic weightlifting]] [[Sanaa ya mapigano]] [[Boxing]] [[Judo]] [[Karate]] [[Kickboxing]] [[Mixed martial arts]] [[Taekwondo]] [[Wrestling]] [[Freestyle wrestling]] [[Greco-Roman wrestling]] [[Sumo]] [[Wushu (sport)]] {{Div col end}} ===[[Wakati]]=== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Kalenda]] [[Kalenda ya jua]] [[Kalenda ya jua-mwezi]] [[Kalenda ya mwezi]] [[Maya calendar]] [[Kalenda ya Misri ya Kale]] [[Kalenda ya Kichina]] [[Kalenda ya Kijapani]] [[Kalenda ya Kiyahudi]] [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]] [[Kalenda ya Gregori]] [[Julian calendar]] [[Perpetual calendar]] [[Leap year]] [[Coordinated Universal Time]] [[Daylight saving time]] [[Usiku]] [[Mchana]] [[Time zone]] [[Universal Time]] [[Leap second]] [[Day of the week]] [[Ijumaa]] [[Jumamosi]] [[Jumapili]] [[Januari]] [[Machi]] [[Juni]] [[Septemba]] [[Novemba]] {{Div col end}} ===Rangi=== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Rangi]] [[Nyeusi]] [[Buluu]] [[Brown]] [[Cyan]] [[Kijani]] [[Kijivu]] [[Magenta]] [[Orange (colour)]] [[Pink]] [[Purple]] [[Nyekundu]] [[Njano]] [[Nyeupe]] [[Primary color]] [[Brightness]] [[Colorfulness]] [[Color vision]] [[Gloss (material appearance)]] [[Hue]] {{Div col end}} {{Div col|cols=4}} {{Div col end}} ==Jamii na elimu jamii== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Jamii]] [[Jumuia]] [[Humanities]] [[Mawasiliano]] [[Information]] [[Solidarity]] [[Area studies]] [[Demografia]] [[Information science]] [[Mandate of Heaven]] [[Media studies]] [[Open society]] [[Professional society]] [[Scientific society]] [[Social actions]] [[Social capital]] [[Social cohesion]] [[Social order]] [[Social structure]] [[Sociobiology]] [[Biashara]] [[Somo la Uchumi]] [[Macroeconomics]] [[Microeconomics]] [[Bidhaa]] [[Service (economics)]] [[Supply and demand]] [[Uchumi]] [[Uhasibu]] [[Rasilmali]] [[Kampuni]] [[Corporation]] [[Currency]] [[Euro]] [[Japanese yen]] [[Pound sterling]] [[Renminbi]] [[Rupee]] [[Dolar ya Marekani]] [[Sarafu]] [[Benknoti]] [[Benki]] [[Cheque]] [[Deni]] [[Credit card]] [[Mkopo]] [[Riba]] [[Gross domestic product]] [[Labour economics]] [[Domestic worker]] [[Kiwanda]] [[Finance]] [[Industry]] [[Kilimo]] [[Ujenzi]] [[Uvuvi]] [[Forestry]] [[Uwindaji]] [[Manufacturing]] [[Uchimbaji madini]] [[Oil refining]] [[Utalii]] [[Hoteli]] [[Whaling]] [[Inflation]] [[Deflation]] [[Bima]] [[Investment]] [[Management]] [[Soko]] [[Marketing]] [[Money]] [[Monopoly]] [[Moral hazard]] [[Umiliki]] [[Retail]] [[Shopping mall]] [[Supermarket]] [[Soko la hisa]] [[New York Stock Exchange]] [[NASDAQ]] [[London Stock Exchange]] [[Tokyo Stock Exchange]] [[Kodi (ushuru)|Kodi]] [[Corporate tax]] [[Income tax]] [[Customs duty]] [[Biashara]] [[Career]] [[Ajira]] [[Unemployment]] [[Aldi]] [[Apple Inc.]] [[AT&T]] [[Bank of America]] [[IKEA]] [[Chevron]] [[ExxonMobil]] [[General Electric]] [[Google]] [[IBM]] [[Maersk]] [[McDonald's]] [[Microsoft]] [[Nestlé]] [[Petrobras]] [[Procter & Gamble]] [[Royal Dutch Shell]] [[Sony]] [[Walmart]] [[Bendera]] [[Cannibalism]] [[Mapokeo]] [[Birthday]] [[Eid ul-Fitr]] [[Halloween]] [[Carnival]] [[Ramadani]] [[Malezi]] [[Elimu ya msingi]] [[Sekondari]] [[College]] [[Curriculum]] [[Learning]] [[Shule]] [[Mwalimu]] [[Testi]] [[Chuo kikuu]] [[Distance education]] [[Elimu ya juu]] [[Liberal arts education]] [[E-learning]] [[Academy]] [[Mwanafunzi]] [[Scholarship]] [[Madrasa]] [[Shule ya awali]] [[Thesis]] [[Diploma]] [[Bologna Process]] [[Pedagogy]] [[Reading]] [[Elementary school]] [[Music school]] [[Maktaba]] [[National library]] [[Library of Alexandria]] [[Library of Ashurbanipal]] [[National Library of Australia]] [[Library of Congress]] [[Vatican Library]] [[National Diet Library]] [[Digital library]] [[Library 2.0]] [[Library science]] [[History of libraries]] [[Special library]] [[Public library]] [[Private library]] [[School library]] [[Prison library]] [[Bookmobile]] [[Library for the blind]] [[University of al-Karaouine]] [[Al-Azhar University]] [[Cairo University]] [[University of Cape Town]] [[Federal University of Rio de Janeiro]] [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]] [[University of British Columbia]] [[University of Buenos Aires]] [[University of Toronto]] [[University of Chicago]] [[California Institute of Technology]] [[Johns Hopkins University]] [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] [[Stanford University]] [[Duke University]] [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] [[University of Virginia]] [[University of Michigan]] [[University of California, Berkeley]] [[University of California, Los Angeles]] [[Ivy League]] [[Harvard University]] [[Yale University]] [[Princeton University]] [[Brown University]] [[Columbia University]] [[Cornell University]] [[Dartmouth College]] [[University of Pennsylvania]] [[Kyoto University]] [[University of Tokyo]] [[University of Calcutta]] [[Institute of Science]] [[Institutes of Technology]] [[Institutes of Management]] [[Fudan University]] [[University of Hong Kong]] [[Nanjing University]] [[Peking University]] [[Tsinghua University]] [[Zhejiang University]] [[University of Bologna]] [[University of Copenhagen]] [[Complutense University of Madrid]] [[University of Vienna]] [[Leiden University]] [[Sapienza University of Rome]] [[University of Salamanca]] [[ETH Zurich]] [[University of Paris]] [[Sorbonne (building)]] [[Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University]] [[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich]] [[Humboldt University of Berlin]] [[Goethe University Frankfurt]] [[Heidelberg University]] [[University of Cambridge]] [[University of Oxford]] [[University of London]] [[Charles University in Prague]] [[Jagiellonian University]] [[Moscow State University]] [[Saint Petersburg State University]] [[Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv]] [[Australian National University]] [[Central Tibetan Administration]] [[FBI]] [[Hells Angels]] [[KGB]] [[MS-13]] [[Mossad]] [[Sicilian Mafia]] [[Yakuza]] [[Development Bank]] [[European Union]] [[ANZUS]] [[Arab League]] [[Arctic Council]] [[Development Bank]] [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation]] [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] [[Bank for International Settlements]] [[Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas]] [[Caribbean Community]] [[Central Treaty Organization]] [[Collective Security Treaty Organization]] [[Commonwealth of Independent States]] [[Commonwealth of Nations]] [[Community of Portuguese Language Countries]] [[Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf]] [[Council of the Baltic Sea States]] [[East African Community]] [[Economic Community of West African States]] [[Economic Cooperation Organization]] [[Eurasian Economic Community]] [[Eurasian Union]] [[G-20 major economies]] [[G7]] [[Geneva Conventions]] [[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] [[International Chamber of Commerce]] [[International Development Association]] [[International Finance Corporation]] [[International Organization for Migration]] [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]] [[Interpol]] [[Islamic Development Bank]] [[Latin Union]] [[League of Nations]] [[NATO]] [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] [[OPEC]] [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] [[Organisation of African Unity]] [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] [[Organization of American States]] [[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation]] [[Paris Club]] [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]] [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation]] [[Southeast Asia Treaty Organization]] [[Southern African Development Community]] [[Union for the Mediterranean]] [[Union of South American Nations]] [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] [[International Court of Justice]] [[International Criminal Court]] [[International Monetary Fund]] [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] [[UNESCO]] [[UNICEF]] [[United Nations Industrial Development Organization]] [[United Nations Secretariat]] [[United Nations Security Council]] [[World Bank]] [[World Bank Group]] [[World Health Organization]] [[World Trade Organization]] [[Benelux]] [[Central European Free Trade Agreement]] [[CERN]] [[Comecon]] [[Council of Europe]] [[Council of the European Union]] [[Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union]] [[Atomic Energy Community]] [[Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] [[Coal and Steel Community]] [[European Economic Community]] [[European Investment Bank]] [[Bunge la Ulaya]] [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] [[Nordic Council]] [[League of Corinth]] [[Western European Union]] [[Warsaw Pact]] [[Agenda 21]] [[AIESEC]] [[al-Qaeda]] [[American National Standards Institute]] [[Association des États Généraux des Étudiants de l'Europe]] [[Association for Computing Machinery]] [[Austrian Holocaust Memorial Service]] [[Austrian Service Abroad]] [[Bilderberg Group]] [[BirdLife International]] [[College of Cardinals]] [[Deutsches Institut für Normung]] [[European Southern Observatory]] [[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale]] [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] [[Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme]] [[Free Software Foundation]] [[Greenpeace]] [[GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development]] [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]] [[Hospitality Club]] [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] [[International Bureau of Weights and Measures]] [[International Council of Museums]] [[International Council on Monuments and Sites]] [[International Hydrographic Organization]] [[International Maritime Organization]] [[International Mathematical Union]] [[International Organization for Standardization]] [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement]] [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness]] [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] [[Live Earth]] [[Moro Islamic Liberation Front]] [[Nobel Prize]] [[PEN International]] [[Pirate Parties International]] [[Programme for International Student Assessment]] [[Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs]] [[Skauti]] [[The Salvation Army]] [[Union Cycliste Internationale]] [[Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]] [[WikiLeaks]] [[World Anti-Doping Agency]] [[World Council of Churches]] [[World Heritage Committee]] [[World Wide Web Consortium]] [[Humanitarian]] [[Amnesty International]] [[Human Rights Watch]] [[Médecins Sans Frontières]] [[Reporters Without Borders]] [[Transparency International]] [[Sport]] [[Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques]] [[Court of Arbitration for Sport]] [[Fédération Internationale de Volleyball]] [[FIBA]] [[FIDE]] [[FIFA]] [[International Federation of Gymnastics]] [[International Ice Hockey Federation]] [[International Olympic Committee]] [[National Olympic Committee]] [[Olympic Council of Asia]] [[UEFA]] ===Sheria=== [[Sheria]] [[Civil law (legal system)]] [[Common law]] [[Criminal law]] [[Appeal]] [[Arbitration]] [[Capital punishment]] [[Civil and political rights]] [[Katiba]] [[Mkataba]] [[Copyright]] [[Court]] [[Damages]] [[Equity (law)]] [[Evidence (law)]] [[Freedom of speech]] [[Guilt (law)]] [[Injunction]] [[Judiciary]] [[Judge]] [[Jurisprudence]] [[Jurist]] [[Haki]] [[Mwanasheria]] [[Legal liability]] [[Patent]] [[Polisi]] [[Rights]] [[Haki za msingi za binadamu]] [[Security]] [[Ushahidi]] [[Administrative law]] [[Case law]] [[Intellectual property]] [[International law]] [[Property law]] [[Religious law]] [[Statutory law]] [[Trust law]] [[Jinai]] [[Assault]] [[Copyright infringement]] [[Embezzlement]] [[Extortion]] [[Utapeli]] [[Mauaji wa kimbari]] [[Homicide]] [[Murder]] [[Illegal drug trade]] [[Kidnapping]] [[Organized crime]] [[Piracy]] [[Poaching]] [[Ubakaji]] [[Robbery]] [[Sabotage]] [[Sexual assault]] [[Smuggling]] [[Wizi]] [[Torture]] [[Violence]] [[Magna Carta]] [[Declaration of Independence]] [[American Constitution]] [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]] [[The Communist Manifesto]] [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] [[International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights]] [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]] [[Nuremberg principles]] ===[[Media]]=== [[Advertising]] [[Katuni]] [[Historia ya redio]] [[Uandishi wa habari]] [[Mass media]] [[News]] [[Magazine]] [[Public relations]] [[Associated Press]] [[Reuters]] [[Billboard (magazine)]] [[The Economist]] [[Life (magazine)]] [[Mad (magazine)]] [[National Geographic (magazine)]] [[The New Yorker]] [[People (magazine)]] [[Playboy]] [[Punch (magazine)]] [[Reader's Digest]] [[Rolling Stone]] [[Scientific American]] [[Der Spiegel]] [[Time (magazine)]] [[Vogue (magazine)]] [[Gazeti]] [[Financial Times]] [[Le Monde]] [[Pravda]] [[The Times]] [[The Times of India]] [[The New York Times]] [[The Wall Street Journal]] [[The Washington Post]] [[The Goon Show]] [[Grand Ole Opry]] [[The Shadow]] [[The War of the Worlds (radio drama)]] [[Documentary film]] [[American Broadcasting Union]] [[Emmy Award]] [[Game show]] [[Sitcom]] [[Soap opera]] [[Television program]] [[60 Minutes]] [[All in the Family]] [[American Idol]] [[BBC World News]] [[Disney Channel]] [[Doctor Who]] [[Friends]] [[Guiding Light]] [[Gunsmoke]] [[I Love Lucy]] [[Meet the Press]] [[Monty Python's Flying Circus]] [[Roots (TV miniseries)]] [[Sesame Street]] [[The Simpsons]] [[Star Trek]] [[Tom and Jerry]] [[The Tonight Show]] [[The Twilight Zone]] [[Television network]] [[Al Jazeera]] [[American Broadcasting Company]] [[ARD]] [[BBC]] [[CBS]] [[Central Television]] [[CNN]] [[RAI]] [[ITV]] [[NBC]] [[PBS]] [[Amazon]] [[EBay]] [[Facebook]] [[Myspace]] [[Twitter]] [[Google Search]] [[Internet Movie Database]] [[YouTube]] [[Wikipedia]] [[Museum]] [[American Museum of Natural History]] [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] [[Museum of Modern Art]] [[National Museum of Anthropology]] [[Smithsonian Institution]] [[British Museum]] [[Deutsches Museum]] [[Hermitage Museum]] [[Musée du Louvre]] [[Musée d'Orsay]] [[Natural History Museum]] [[Museo del Prado]] [[National Gallery]] [[Rijksmuseum]] [[Uffizi]] [[Vatican Museums]] [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] [[National Palace Museum]] [[Tokyo National Museum]] {{Div col end}} ===Siasa na serikali=== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Uraia (somo)]] [[Siasa]] [[Civil liberties]] [[Diplomasia]] [[Balozi]] [[Diplomatic mission]] [[Uchaguzi]] [[Chama cha siasa]] [[Propaganda]] [[Mapinduzi]] [[Separation of powers]] [[Legislature]] [[Rule of law]] [[Uraia]] [[Katiba]] [[Sensa]] [[Computer security]] [[Golden Rule]] [[Habeas corpus]] [[Information security]] [[Ubinafsi]] [[Impeachment]] [[International relations]] [[Labour law]] [[Mshahara wa chini]] [[Manifesto]] [[Nationality]] [[Paspoti]] [[Politburo]] [[Social security]] [[Self-determination]] [[Uhaini]] [[Civil disobedience]] [[Social contract]] [[Ugatuzi]] [[Uchumi mseto]] [[Turufu]] [[Crown (headgear)]] [[Censorship]] [[Autonomy]] [[E-Government]] [[National Convention]] [[Legal personality]] [[Foreign policy]] [[The Internationale]] [[Public law]] [[Flash mob]] [[Dini rasmi]] [[Curfew]] [[Identity document]] [[Seat of local government]] [[Afya ya jamii]] [[Human overpopulation]] [[Demonstration (people)]] [[Therapy]] [[Socialist International]] [[Urasimu]] [[Volunteering]] [[Dictatorship of the proletariat]] [[International Workers' Day]] [[Class conflict]] [[Working class]] [[Riot]] [[Welfare]] [[Governance]] [[Cabinet (government)]] [[Coup d'état]] [[Cult of personality]] [[Executive (government)]] [[Serikali]] [[Bunge]] [[Parliamentary system]] [[Presidential system]] [[Semi-presidential system]] [[Public administration]] [[Public policy]] [[Roman Senate]] [[State of emergency]] [[Voting]] [[Voting system]] [[Welfare state]] [[Types of states and state divisions]] [[Administrative division]] [[Arrondissement]] [[Ukhalifa]] [[Miji-dola]] [[Koloni]] [[Confederation]] [[County]] [[Duchy]] [[Electoral district]] [[Emirate]] [[Dola]] [[Federated state]] [[Shirikisho]] [[Municipality]] [[Nation-state]] [[Neighbourhood]] [[Personal union]] [[Police state]] [[Principality]] [[Protectorate]] [[Province]] [[Puppet state]] [[Mfumo wa chama kimoja]] [[Sovereign state]] [[State]] [[Unitary state]] [[Virtual community]] [[Activism]] [[Uanakisti]] [[Authoritarianism]] [[Bicameralism]] [[Ubepari]] [[Christian democracy]] [[Ukomunisti]] [[Conservatism]] [[Constitutionalism]] [[Cosmopolitanism]] [[Despotism]] [[Egalitarianism]] [[Ufashisti]] [[Federalism]] [[Green politics]] [[Ideology]] [[Ubeberu]] [[Uislamu]] [[Juche]] [[Leninism]] [[Liberalism]] [[Libertarianism]] [[Umaksi]] [[Multiculturalism]] [[Utaifa]] [[Unazi]] [[Ostracism]] [[Uzalendo]] [[Separatism]] [[Social democracy]] [[Usoshalisti]] [[Democratic socialism]] [[Socialist realism]] [[Utopian socialism]] [[Statism]] [[Totalitarianism]] [[Zionism]] [[Forms of government]] [[Absolutism]] [[Ukoloni]] [[Constitutional monarchy]] [[Demokrasia]] [[Direct democracy]] [[Liberal democracy]] [[Representative democracy]] [[Udikteta]] [[Enlightened absolutism]] [[Hegemony]] [[Kleptocracy]] [[Mfumo Jike]] [[Meritocracy]] [[Mfalme]] [[Ufalme]] [[Ochlocracy]] [[Oligarchy]] [[Mfumo Dume]] [[Planned economy]] [[Plutocracy]] [[Jamhuri]] [[Parliamentary republic]] [[Technocracy]] [[Theocracy]] [[Triumvirate]] [[Titles]] [[Bey]] [[Khalifa]] [[Dikteta]] [[Emir]] [[Führer]] [[Gavana]] [[Grand duke]] [[Head of state]] [[Khan (title)]] [[Meya]] [[Ombudsman]] [[Rais]] [[Waziri mkuu]] [[Prince]] [[Prosecutor]] [[Satrap]] [[Shah]] [[Sultani]] [[Tsar]] [[Tyrant]] [[Vizier]] [[Historic events/books]] [[Eurozone crisis]] [[French Directory]] [[Glasnost]] [[Leviathan (kitabu)]] [[May 1968 events in France]] [[Orange Revolution]] [[Reign of Terror]] [[Usimoni]] [[Velvet Revolution]] [[Civil society]] [[Institution]] [[Consortium]] [[Organization]] [[Nonprofit organization]] [[Partnership]] [[Secret society]] [[Social network]] [[Kabila]] [[Shule ya bweni]] [[Orphanage]] [[Gereza]] [[Social work]] [[Udhibiti wa uzazi]] [[Utoaji mimba]] [[Ufisadi]] [[Deforestation]] [[Ubaguzi]] [[Ubaguzi wa rangi]] [[Ubaguzi wa jinsia]] [[Euthanasia]] [[Njaa]] [[Globalization]] [[Haki za binadamu]] [[One-child policy]] [[Pollution]] [[Air pollution]] [[Ufukara]] [[Sustainable development]] [[Utumwa]] [[Social movement]] [[Environmentalism]] [[Ufeministi]] [[Minority group]] [[Social stratification]] [[Caste]] [[Dalit]] [[Social class]] [[Clergy]] [[Middle class]] [[Proletariat]] [[Sosholojia]] [[Criminology]] [[Etiquette]] [[Political science]] [[Social change]] [[Social control]] [[Social group]] [[Social science]] [[Socialization]] [[Subculture]] {{Div col end}} ===Vita na jeshi=== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Amani]] [[Vita]] [[Casualty (person)]] [[Declaration of war]] [[Defensive wall]] [[Desertion]] [[Duel]] [[Fortification]] [[Laws of war]] [[Medal]] [[Militarism]] [[Military–industrial complex]] [[Military uniform]] [[Mamluki]] [[Operational level of war]] [[Pacifism]] [[Prisoner of war]] [[Mkimbizi]] [[Surrender (military)]] [[War crime]] [[Total war]] [[Martial law]] [[Psychological warfare]] [[Paramilitary]] [[Scorched earth]] [[Casus belli]] [[Demilitarized zone]] [[Commander-in-chief]] [[Killed in action]] [[War reparations]] [[Ceasefire]] [[Military operation]] [[Special forces]] [[Arms race]] [[Military]] [[Conscription]] [[Military education and training]] [[Military logistics]] [[Military science]] [[Military strategy]] [[Military tactics]] [[Armed forces]] [[Air force]] [[Navy]] [[Army]] [[Infantry]] [[Cavalry]] [[Battle]] [[Blockade]] [[Combat]] [[Military campaign]] [[Offensive (military)]] [[Siege]] [[Military organization]] [[Command and control]] [[Division (military)]] [[Battalion]] [[Staff (military)]] [[Military rank]] [[Marshal]] [[General officer]] [[Admiral]] [[Ofisa wa jeshi]] [[Colonel]] [[Meja]] [[Captain (armed forces)]] [[Lieutenant]] [[Sergeant]] [[Private (rank)]] [[Askari]] [[Seaman]] [[Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]] [[Vita vya kikabila]] [[Uvamizi]] [[Uasi]] [[Ugaidi]] [[Aerial warfare]] [[Anti-aircraft warfare]] [[Anti-tank warfare]] [[Armoured warfare]] [[Conventional warfare]] [[Ujasusi]] [[Guerrilla warfare]] [[Naval warfare]] [[Sniper]] [[Trench warfare]] {{Div col end}} ==Biolojia na Tiba== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Biolojia]] [[Botania]] [[Zoolojia]] [[Uainishaji wa kisayansi]] [[Systematics]] [[Spishi]] [[Jenasi]] [[Familia (biolojia)]] [[Order (biology)]] [[Class (biology)]] [[Phylum]] [[Kingdom (biology)]] [[Domain (biology)]] [[Mageuko ya spishi]] [[Natural selection]] [[Jenetikia]] [[DNA]] [[RNA]] [[Jeni]] [[Urithi]] [[Uhai]] [[Kifo]] [[Asili ya uhai]] [[Mikrobiolojia]] [[Mycology]] [[Adaptation]] [[Genetic drift]] [[Mutation]] [[Palantolojia]] [[Phylogenetics]] [[Anatomia]] [[Camouflage]] [[Seli]] [[Mfumo wa homoni]] [[Immune system]] [[Organ (anatomy)]] [[Tishu]] [[Ateri]] [[Damu]] [[Circulatory system]] [[Moyo]] [[Red blood cell]] [[Vena]] [[White blood cell]] [[Mfumo wa mmeng'enyo wa chakula]] [[Colon (anatomy)]] [[Small intestine]] [[Liver]] [[Large intestine]] [[Mdomo]] [[Human tooth]] [[Pancreas]] [[Stomach]] [[Integumentary system]] [[Breast]] [[Ngozi]] [[Feather]] [[Fur]] [[Nywele]] [[Nail (anatomy)]] [[Scale (anatomy)]] [[Muscular system]] [[Myocyte]] [[Skeletal striated muscle]] [[Mfumo wa neva]] [[Ubongo]] [[Neva]] [[Sensory system]] [[Auditory system]] [[Sikio]] [[Gustatory system]] [[Olfactory system]] [[Nose]] [[Somatosensory system]] [[Visual system]] [[Jicho]] [[Akili]] [[Hearing]] [[Taste]] [[Olfaction]] [[Pain]] [[Visual perception]] [[Mfumo wa uzazi]] [[Uume]] [[Vagina]] [[Sex organ]] [[Clitoris]] [[Ovary]] [[Pumbu]] [[Mfumo wa upumuaji]] [[Pafu]] [[Gill]] [[Kiunzi]] [[Mfupa]] [[Kifua]] [[Pelvis]] [[Fuvu la kichwa]] [[Vertebral column]] [[Joint]] [[Epithelium]] [[Connective tissue]] [[Msuli]] [[Nervous tissue]] [[Figo]] [[Urinary bladder]] [[Plant cell]] [[Cell wall]] [[Bark]] [[Berry]] [[Ua]] [[Pollen]] [[Tunda]] [[Jani]] [[Mzizi]] [[Mbegu]] [[Stoma]] [[Herbaceous plant]] [[Liana]] [[Shrub]] [[Mti]] [[Plant stem]] [[Trunk (botany)]] [[Wood]] [[Epidermis (botany)]] [[Ground tissue]] [[Meristem]] [[Vascular tissue]] [[Vascular cambium]] [[Hypha]] [[Mycelium]] [[alpha-amylase]] [[Biomolecule]] [[Biological pigment]] [[Carotenoid]] [[Chlorophyll]] [[Melanin]] [[Carbohydrate]] [[Cellulose]] [[Starch]] [[Sukari]] [[Fat]] [[Fatty acid]] [[Lipid]] [[Protini]] [[Enzyme]] [[Hemoglobin]] [[Asidi amino]] [[Hormoni]] [[Estrogen]] [[Testosterone]] [[Alkaloid]] [[Lactose]] [[Chitin]] [[Glycogen]] [[Kolestro]] [[Molecular biology]] [[Nucleic acid]] [[Epinephrine]] [[Plant hormone]] [[Breathing]] [[Homeostasis]] [[Metabolism]] [[Excretion]] [[Respiration (physiology)]] [[Uzazi]] [[Human development (biology)]] [[Developmental biology]] [[Asexual reproduction]] [[Sexual reproduction]] [[Ujauzito]] [[Jinsia]] [[Jike]] [[Dume]] [[Hedhi]] [[Menstrual cycle]] [[Menopause]] [[Semen]] [[Ontogeny]] [[Plant cuticle]] [[Egg (biology)]] [[Embryo]] [[Fetus]] [[Imago]] [[Larva]] [[Longevity]] [[Metamorphosis]] [[Microbial cyst]] [[Moulting]] [[Nymph (biology)]] [[Ubalehe]] [[Pupa]] [[Spore]] [[Tadpole]] [[Plant reproduction]] [[Gametophyte]] [[Pollination]] [[Alternation of generations]] [[Sporophyte]] [[Digestion]] [[Photosynthesis]] [[Transpiration]] [[Biodiversity]] [[Biological interaction]] [[Competition (biology)]] [[Herbivore]] [[Parasitism]] [[Predation]] [[Biome]] [[Food chain]] [[Habitat]] [[Invasive species]] [[Ecological niche]] [[Ekolojia]] [[Ecosystem]] [[Endangered species]] [[Extinction]] [[Extremophile]] [[Population]] [[Trophic level]] {{Div col end}} ===Viumbehai=== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Organism]] ====Wanyama==== [[Mnyama]] [[Arithropodi]] [[Chelicerata]] [[Chordate]] [[Gnathostomata]] [[Hexapoda]] [[Invertebrate]] [[Nematod1]] [[Tetrapod]] [[Vertebrata]] [[Acari]] [[Arakinida]] [[Opiliones]] [[Pseudoscorpiones]] [[Scorpiones]] [[Solifugae]] [[Buibui]] [[Tarantula]] [[Crustacea]] [[Amphipoda]] [[Branchiopoda]] [[Kaa]] [[Decapoda]] [[Krill]] [[Kamba (gegereka)]] [[Malacostraca]] [[Wadudu]] [[Mdudu]] [[Mdudu mabawa-manyoya]] [[Mdudu-koleo]] [[Kiroboto]] [[Chawa]] [[Kivunjajungu]] [[Mecoptera]] [[Neuroptera]] [[Simba-sisimizi]] [[Phasmatodea]] [[Plecoptera]] [[Psocoptera]] [[Strepsiptera]] [[Tiripsi]] [[Coleoptera]] [[Mbawakawa]] [[Fukusi]] [[Mdudu-kibibi]] [[Firefly]] [[Ground beetle]] [[Leaf beetle]] [[Colorado potato beetle]] [[Longhorn beetle]] [[Scarabaeidae]] [[Mende]] [[Cockroach]] [[Mchwa]] [[Mdudu Mabawa-mawili]] [[Nzi]] [[Drosophila melanogaster (common fruit fly)]] [[Pange]] [[Housefly]] [[Mbu]] [[Mbung'o]] [[Mdudu Mabawa-nusu]] [[Hemiptera]] [[Cicada]] [[Heteroptera (typical bugs)]] [[Kunguni]] [[Mtembeaji-maji]] [[Kidukari]] [[Mdudu Mabawa-viwambo]] [[Hymenoptera]] [[Sisimizi]] [[Nyuki]] [[Bumblebee]] [[Western honey bee]] [[Nyigu]] [[Mdudu Mabawa-vigamba]] [[Lepidoptera]] [[Kipepeo]] [[Swallowtail butterfly]] [[Lycaenidae (Blues and Coppers)]] [[Nymphalidae]] [[Pieridae (Yellow-Whites)]] [[Pieris brassicae]] [[Skipper (butterfly)]] [[Nondo]] [[Bombyx mori (domesticated silkmoth)]] [[Geometer moth]] [[Sphingidae]] [[Kereng'ende (mdudu)]] [[Odonata]] [[Damselfly]] [[Dragonfly]] [[Mdudu Mabawa-manyofu]] [[Orthoptera]] [[Nyenje]] [[Panzi]] [[Chenene]] [[Tettigoniidae]] [[Mnyama-upupu]] [[Cnidaria]] [[Mnyama-marija]] [[Konyeza]] [[Moluska]] [[Mollusca]] [[Bivalvia]] [[Pweza]] [[Ngisi]] [[Konokono uchi]] [[Konokono]] [[Mdudu Mkia-fyatuo]] [[Myriapoda]] [[Tandu]] [[Jongoo]] [[Buibahari]] [[Amfibia]] [[Amphibia]] [[Nyoka mnafiki]] [[Chura]] [[Salamanda]] [[True frog]] ====Ndege==== [[Ndege (mnyama)]] [[Bird]] [[Archaeopteryx]] [[Kibisi]] [[Heroe]] [[Kolibri]] [[Kuzumburu]] [[Ngwini]] [[Firigogo]] [[Tinamu]] [[Ndege-mawingu]] [[Kipanga]] [[Tai]] [[Kozi]] [[Tumbusi]] [[Koho]] [[Karani tamba]] [[Anatidae]] [[Bata]] [[Bata bukini]] [[Bata-maji]] [[Teleka]] [[Caprimulgiformes]] [[Kirukanjia]] [[Kitwitwi]] [[Alka]] [[Kipululu]] [[Shakwe]] [[Chamchanga]] [[Shakwe-mporaji]] [[Buabua]] [[Koikoi]] [[Kwarara]] [[Korongo-nyangumi]] [[Domomwiko]] [[Korongo (Ciconiidae]] [[Njiwa]] [[Dodo (ndege)]] [[Hua]] [[Passenger Pigeon]] [[Keremkerem]] [[Hondohondo]] [[Hudihudi]] [[Kekeo]] [[Hoatzin]] [[Shorobo]] [[Galliformes]] [[Kuku]] [[Grouse]] [[Kanga (ndege)]] [[Common Pheasant]] [[Tombo]] [[Bata Mzinga]] [[Gruiformes]] [[Korongo (Gruidae)]] [[Tandawala]] [[Kiluwiri]] [[Passerine]] [[Songbird]] [[Bird-of-paradise]] [[Corvidae]] [[Kunguru]] [[Kinubi]] [[Mbwigu]] [[Shore (Pycnonotidae)]] [[Kibarabara]] [[Chiriku]] [[Kipozamataza]] [[Tikisa]] [[Shore (Muscicapidae)]] [[Zuwanende]] [[Kurumbiza]] [[Mwendamiti]] [[Shomoro]] [[Kwenzi]] [[Chozi]] [[Mbayuwayu]] [[Domofupi]] [[Mkesha]] [[Wren]] [[Pelecaniformes]] [[Mnandi]] [[Ndegejinga]] [[Mnandi-pwani]] [[Mwari]] [[Piciformes]] [[Kiongozi (ndege)]] [[Tukani (ndege)]] [[Kigong'ota]] [[Albatrosi]] [[Procellariidae]] [[Ninga-bahari]] [[Kasuku]] [[Budgerigar]] [[Cockatoo]] [[Cassowary]] [[Emu]] [[Kiwi]] [[Moa]] [[Mbuni]] [[Rhea (bird)]] [[Bundi (Tytonidae)]] [[Bundi (Strigidae)]] [[Kungwi (ndege)]] [[Kitaumande]] [[Tytonidae]] [[Lukungu]] ====Samaki==== [[Samaki]] [[Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes)]] [[Acanthodii ("spiny sharks")]] [[Osteichthyes (bony fish)]] [[Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish)]] [[Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish)]] [[Placodermi]] [[Mkunga Umeme (Samaki)]] [[Bocho (Lophiiformes)]] [[Mkizi)]] [[Mkizi Kichwa-bapa]] [[Arapaima]] [[Batoidea]] [[Papa Upanga]] [[Electric ray]] [[Characiformes]] [[Serrasalmidae]] [[Sturgeon]] [[Clupeiformes]] [[Dagaa]] [[Clupeidae]] [[Cypriniformes]] [[Cyprinidae]] [[Common bream]] [[Carassius]] [[Common carp]] [[Goldfish]] [[Grass Carp]] [[Tench]] [[Guppy]] [[Mkunga]] [[Gadiformes]] [[Burbot]] [[Haddock]] [[Perciformes]] [[Cichlid]] [[Goby]] [[Seabass]] [[Sulisuli]] [[Chaza]] [[Scombridae]] [[Jodari]] [[Flatfish]] [[Turbot]] [[Salmonidae]] [[Trout]] [[Scorpaeniformes]] [[Papa]] [[Papa Mweupe Mkubwa]] [[Papa Mbingusi]] [[Papa Ngusi]] [[Papa Nyangumi]] [[Kambale]] [[Wels catfish]] [[Farasi-bahari]] [[Tetraodontidae (pufferfish)]] [[Dinosauri]] [[Allosaurus]] [[Ankylosaurus]] [[Apatosaurus (Brontosaurus)]] [[Brachiosaurus]] [[Diplodocus]] [[Stegosaurus]] [[Triceratops]] [[Tyrannosaurus]] [[Velociraptor]] ====Mamalia==== [[Mamalia]] [[Mhanga]] [[Armadilo]] [[Colugo]] [[Kakakuona]] [[Treeshrew]] [[Popo]] [[Popo-matunda]] [[Popo-wadudu]] [[Popo Mfyonza-damu]] [[Walanyama]] [[Dubu]] [[Dubu Kahawia]] [[Panda Mkubwa]] [[Dubu Barafu]] [[Mbwa]] [[Mbwa-kaya]] [[Bweha Mwekundu]] [[Mbwa-nyika]] [[Mbwa-mwitu wa Ulaya]] [[Bweha]] [[Felidae]] [[Paka]] [[Duma]] [[Simba-milima]] [[Jagwa]] [[Chui]] [[Simba]] [[Linksi]] [[Chui milia]] [[Fisi]] [[Nguchiro]] [[Mustelidae]] [[Procyonidae]] [[Kinyegere]] [[Viverridae]] [[Cetacea]] [[Mamalia ya baharini]] [[Nyangumi]] [[Nyangumi Buluu]] [[Pomboo]] [[Nyangumi Muuaji]] [[Nyamgumi Kibyongo]] [[Pomboo-bandari]] [[Nyangumi-nta]] [[Erinaceidae]] [[Kalunguyeye]] [[Even-toed ungulate]] [[Ruminantia]] [[Bovid]] [[Nyati]] [[Baisani wa Amerika]] [[Antelope]] [[Capra (genus)]] [[Ng'ombe]] [[Swala]] [[Gaur]] [[Mbuzi-kaya]] [[Swala pala]] [[Maksai Aktiki]] [[Kondoo-kaya]] [[Nyati-maji]] [[Nyumbu]] [[Baisani wa Ulaya]] [[Yak]] [[Ngamia]] [[Ngamia Nundu-mbili]] [[Ngamia Nundu-moja]] [[Kulungu (Cervidae)]] [[Wapiti]] [[Elki]] [[Kulungu Mwekundu]] [[Kulungu Aktiki]] [[Lama (mnyama)]] [[Twiga]] [[Guanaco]] [[Kiboko]] [[Peccary]] [[Nguruwe]] [[Nguruwe-mwitu]] [[Nguruwe-kaya]] [[Pronghorn]] [[Vicuña]] [[Lagomorpha]] [[Sungurs]] [[Pika]] [[Sungura wa Kizungu]] [[Marsupial]] [[Diprotodontia]] [[Kangaruu]] [[Koala]] [[Dasyuromorphia]] [[Shetani wa Tasmania]] [[Monotreme]] [[Mhanganungu]] [[Kinyamadege]] [[Odd-toed ungulate]] [[Punda]] [[Equidae]] [[Farasi]] [[Kifaru]] [[Tapir]] [[Punda milia]] [[Slothi]] [[Sili]] [[Eared seal]] [[Earless seal]] [[Walarasi]] [[Primate]] [[Kima]] [[Sokwe]] [[Sokwe Mtu]] [[Sokwe Mdogo]] [[Ngagi]] [[Orangutanu]] [[Binadamu]] [[Kima wa Dunia ya Kale]] [[Nyani]] [[Kaku]] [[Strepsirrhini]] [[Komba]] [[Lemuri]] [[Tarsier]] [[Proboscidea]] [[Ndovu]] [[Nguva]] [[Pimbi]] [[Tandaraka]] [[Macroscelididae]] [[Tubulidentata]] [[Rodentia]] [[Rodent]] [[Capybara]] [[Koypu]] [[Biva]] [[Dipodidae]] [[Panya-miti]] [[Nungubandia]] [[Buku wa Eurasia]] [[Panyabuku]] [[Kipanya]] [[Muridae]] [[Muskrat]] [[Panya]] [[Kindi (mnyama)]] [[Spermophilus]] [[Kirukanjia (mamalia)]] [[Fuko (mnyama)]] ====Reptilia==== [[Reptilia]] [[Mamba]] [[Mjusi]] [[Kinyonga]] [[Joka wa Komodo]] [[Dubwana-Gila]] [[Nyoka]] [[Kipiri]] [[Chatu]] [[Fira]] [[Hydrophiinae]] [[Kobe-maji]] [[Kobe Dubwana]] [[Kasa]] [[Kasa Uziwa]] [[Kasa Ngozi]] [[Kasa Mtumbi]] [[Kobe]] [[Tuatara]] [[Dimetrodon]] [[Agnatha]] [[Mkunga-ute]] ====Mimea==== [[Mmea]] [[Fern]] [[Marchantiophyta]] [[Kigoga]] [[Equisetum]] [[Angiosperms]] [[Geranium]] [[Lilium]] [[Kiazi kitamu]] [[Asparagales]] [[Mkonge-pori]] [[Mshubiri]] [[Gladiolus]] [[Iridaceae]] [[Lily of the Valley]] [[Narcissus (plant)]] [[Orchidaceae]] [[Yucca]] [[Alismatales]] [[Araceae]] [[Anthurium]] [[Ericales]] [[Mdambi]] [[Rhododendron]] [[Theaceae]] [[Mchai]] [[Primulaceae (Primrose)]] [[Asterales]] [[Asteraceae]] [[Chrysanthemum]] [[Dahlia]] [[Bellis perennis]] [[Taraxacum]] [[Alizeti]] [[Tururu]] [[Campanulaceae (Bellflowers)]] [[Gentianales]] [[Apocynaceae (dogbane family)]] [[Kabichi]] [[Cucurbitaceae]] [[Poales]] [[Nyasi]] [[Mwanzi]] [[Rosales]] [[Rosaceae]] [[Mlozi]] [[Mwaridi]] [[Ulmaceae]] [[Mwelmu]] [[Lamiales]] [[Lamiaceae or Labiatae (mint family)]] [[Mzeituni]] [[Fraxinus (Ash tree)]] [[Salvia]] [[Malpighiales]] [[Euphorbiaceae (spurge family)]] [[Poinsettia]] [[Viola (plant)]] [[Malvaceae]] [[Adansonia (Baobab)]] [[Myrtales]] [[Myrtaceae (myrtle family)]] [[Mkalatusi]] [[Fagales]] [[Betulaceae]] [[Alder]] [[Mbetula]] [[Mhazeli]] [[Hornbeam]] [[Fagaceae]] [[Mwaramoni]] [[Beech]] [[Muoka]] [[Juglandaceae (Wallnut)]] [[Sapindales]] [[Mkorosho]] [[Arecaceae (Palm tree)]] [[Mnazi]] [[Nelumbo]] [[Platanus]] [[Cornus (genus) (Dogwood tree)]] [[Fabales]] [[Fabaceae]] [[Mpupu]] [[Mforosadi]] [[Mseda]] [[Msanduku]] [[Mberoshi]] [[Mreteni]] [[Msonobari]] [[Msprusi]] [[Tunda]] [[Tofaa]] [[Aprikoti]] [[Parachichi]] [[Ndizi]] [[Toje]] [[Shelisheli]] [[Cheri]] [[Citrus fruits]] [[Kumquat]] [[Limau]] [[Ndimu]] [[Chungwa]] [[Tini]] [[Tango]] [[Cranberry]] [[Red Currant]] [[Blackcurrant]] [[Tende]] [[Biringani]] [[Zabibu]] [[Pera]] [[Fenesi]] [[Kiwi]] [[Gulabi]] [[Embe]] [[forosadi]] [[Zeituni]] [[Papai]] [[Fyulisi]] [[Pea]] [[Nanasi]] [[Komamanga]] [[Stroberi]] [[Tikiti maji]] [[Mchicha]] [[Kiazi sukari]] [[Spinachi]] [[Kitunguu]] [[Liki]] [[Shallot]] [[Karoti]] [[Figili]] [[Jira]] [[Rubaruti]] [[Jerusalem artichoke]] [[Chicory]] [[Endive]] [[Lettuce]] [[Eruca sativa]] [[Kabichi]] [[Koliflawa]] [[Brokoli]] [[Kolorabi]] [[Radish]] [[Rutabaga]] [[Turnip]] [[Pilipili]] [[Kiazi]] [[Nyanya]] [[Mboga]] [[Ngedere]] [[Haragwe]] [[Mharagwe-pana]] [[Soya]] [[Common bean]] [[Karanga]] [[Asparaga]] [[Hogo]] [[Bamia]] [[Portulaca oleracea]] [[Sorrel]] [[Kiazi kitamu]] [[Nafaka]] [[Shayiri]] [[Mahindi]] [[Oti]] [[Mchele]] [[Mtama]] [[Ngano]] [[Spelt]] [[Miwele]] [[Ngano nyekundu]] [[Buckwheat]] [[Chicha]] [[Kinoa]] [[Kuvu]] [[Uyoga]] [[Ascomycota]] [[Basidiomycota]] [[Zygomycota]] [[Agaricus]] [[Boletus edulis]] [[Chanterelle]] [[Pleurotus ostreatus]] [[Shiitake]] [[Truffle]] [[Amanita muscaria]] [[Amanita phalloides (Death cap)]] [[Eukaryote]] [[Archaea]] [[Bakteria]] [[Escherichia coli]] [[Protist]] [[Prion]] [[Virusi]] [[UKIMWI]] [[Algae]] [[Planktoni]] ====Ufugaji wa Wanyama==== [[Arabian horse]] [[Andalusian horse]] [[Appaloosa]] [[Clydesdale]] [[Fresian]] [[Hackney]] [[Lipizzan]] [[Morgan]] [[Palomino]] [[American Quarter Horse]] [[Standardbred]] [[Thoroughbred]] [[Pony]] [[Siamese (cat)]] [[Manx]] [[Brahman (cattle)]] [[Hereford]] [[Highland cattle]] [[Holstein]] [[Beagle]] [[Chihuahua (dog)]] [[Dachshund]] [[Dalmatian (dog)]] [[Great Dane]] [[Greyhound]] [[Retriever]] [[German Shepherd]] [[Shih Tzu]] [[Terrier]] {{Div col end}} ===Afya=== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Afya]] [[Physical fitness]] [[Body mass index]] [[Mazoezi ya mwili]] [[Hygiene]] [[Unene wa kupindukia]] [[Weight loss]] [[Stress (biology)]] [[Kujiua]] [[Lishe]] [[Diet (nutrition)]] [[Dietary supplement]] [[Utapiamlo]] [[Substance abuse]] [[Uraibu]] [[Alcoholism]] [[Substance dependence]] [[Drug]] [[Cannabis]] [[Tobacco]] [[Opium]] [[Mental health]] [[Ageing]] [[Njaa]] [[Smoking]] ===Tiba=== [[Tiba]] [[Health care]] [[Physicians and other professionals]] [[General practitioner]] [[Nursing]] [[Surgeon]] [[Blood transfusion]] [[Coma]] [[Persistent vegetative state]] [[Ulemavu]] [[Autism]] [[Upofu]] [[Color blindness]] [[Uziwi]] [[Down syndrome]] [[Mental retardation]] [[Hospitali]] [[Injury]] [[Bone fracture]] [[Bruise]] [[Burn]] [[Frostbite]] [[Wound]] [[Snakebite]] [[Anesthesia]] [[Chemotherapy]] [[Medical diagnosis]] [[Organ transplantation]] [[Palliative care]] [[Radiation therapy]] [[Surgery]] [[Artificial organ]] [[Pandemic]] [[Physical examination]] [[Autopsy]] [[Biopsy]] [[Blood pressure]] [[Blood test]] [[DNA profiling]] [[Electrocardiography]] [[Endoscopy]] [[Eye examination]] [[Lumbar puncture]] [[Magnetic resonance imaging]] [[Pap test]] [[Pulse]] [[Radiology]] [[Reflex]] [[Urinalysis]] [[Sumu]] [[Toxin]] [[Aneurysm]] [[Brain damage]] [[Bleeding]] [[Cardiac arrest]] [[Hypoxia (medical)]] [[Inflammation]] [[Myocardial infarction]] [[Respiratory failure]] [[Shock (circulatory)]] [[Stroke]] [[Syndrome]] [[Dalili]] [[Maumivu ya kichwa]] [[Vaccination]] [[Vaccine]] [[Tiba mbadala]] [[Homeopathy]] [[Angiology]] [[Cardiology]] [[Dentistry]] [[Dental caries]] [[Dental restoration]] [[Root canal]] [[Toothache]] [[Dermatology]] [[Dietitian]] [[Gastroenterology]] [[Geriatrics]] [[Hematology]] [[Immunology]] [[Neurology]] [[Obstetrics and gynaecology]] [[Oncology]] [[Ophthalmology]] [[Otolaryngology]] [[Pediatrics]] [[Pharmacy]] [[Essential medicine]] [[Pharmaceutical drug]] [[Pharmacist]] [[Pharmacology]] [[Pharmacokinetics]] [[Antibacterial]] [[Penicillin]] [[Management of HIV/AIDS]] [[Psychiatry]] [[Pulmonology]] [[Reproductive health]] [[Toxicology]] [[Traditional medicine]] [[Traumatology]] [[Urology]] [[Veterinary medicine]] ====Magonjwa==== [[Ugonjwa]] [[Allergy]] [[Alzheimer's disease]] [[Asthma]] [[Bronchitis]] [[Cirrhosis]] [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] [[Dementia]] [[Kisukari]] [[Kifafa]] [[Gastroenteritis Viral]] [[Parkinson's disease]] [[Ugonjwa wa moyo]] [[Hepatitis]] [[Hypertension]] [[Meningitis]] [[Multiple sclerosis]] [[Saratani]] [[Breast cancer]] [[Colorectal cancer]] [[Leukemia]] [[Lung cancer]] [[Lymphoma]] [[Prostate cancer]] [[Skin cancer]] [[Melanoma]] [[Tumor]] [[Brain tumor]] [[Foodborne illness]] [[Botulism]] [[Mushroom poisoning]] [[Typhoid fever]] [[Salmonellosis]] [[Infectious disease]] [[Pathogen]] [[Maradhi ya zinaa]] [[AIDS]] [[Kisonono]] [[Herpes simplex]] [[Kaswende]] [[Anthrax]] [[Tauni]] [[Chickenpox]] [[Kipindupindu]] [[Common cold]] [[Dengue fever]] [[Diphtheria]] [[Dysentery]] [[Encephalitis]] [[Gangrene]] [[Ebola virus disease]] [[Hand, foot and mouth disease]] [[Influenza]] [[Influenza A virus subtype H5N1]] [[Ukoma]] [[Lyme disease]] [[Malaria]] [[Surua]] [[Mumps]] [[Pertussis (Whooping Cough)]] [[Pneumonia]] [[Poliomyelitis]] [[Rabies]] [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome]] [[Scabies]] [[Scarlet fever]] [[Ndui]] [[Pepopunda]] [[Tuberculosis]] [[Typhus]] [[Yellow fever]] [[Mental disorder]] [[Bipolar disorder]] [[Major depressive disorder]] [[Neurosis]] [[Posttraumatic stress disorder]] [[Psychosis]] [[Delusion]] [[Hallucination]] [[Skizofrenia]] {{Div col end}} ==Physical sciences== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Sayansi]] [[Jaribio]] [[Maabara]] [[Laboratory equipment]] [[Uasilia]] [[Observation]] [[Research]] [[Scientific method]] [[Scientific theory]] [[Mwanasayansi]] ===Astronomy=== [[Astronomy]] [[Astrobiology]] [[Extinction (astronomy)]] [[Extraterrestrial life]] [[Magnitude (astronomy)]] [[Astrometry]] [[Angular resolution]] [[Cosmic distance ladder]] [[Parallax]] [[Photometry (astronomy)]] [[Celestial coordinate system]] [[Declination]] [[Right ascension]] [[Celestial equator]] [[Celestial sphere]] [[Equinox]] [[Ecliptic]] [[Horizon]] [[Nadir]] [[Solstice]] [[Star chart]] [[Zenith]] [[Zodiac]] ====Makundinyota==== [[Kundinyota]] [[Andromeda (galaksi)]] [[Aquarius (constellation)]] [[Aquila (constellation)]] [[Ara (constellation)]] [[Aries (constellation)]] [[Auriga (constellation)]] [[Boötes]] [[Camelopardalis]] [[Cancer (constellation)]] [[Canes Venatici]] [[Canis Major]] [[Canis Minor]] [[Capricornus]] [[Carina (constellation)]] [[Cassiopeia (constellation)]] [[Centaurus]] [[Cepheus (constellation)]] [[Cetus]] [[Columba (constellation)]] [[Coma Berenices]] [[Corona Australis]] [[Corona Borealis]] [[Corvus (constellation)]] [[Crater (constellation)]] [[Crux]] [[Cygnus (constellation)]] [[Delphinus]] [[Draco (constellation)]] [[Equuleus]] [[Eridanus (constellation)]] [[Gemini (constellation)]] [[Hercules (constellation)]] [[Hydra (constellation)]] [[Lacerta]] [[Leo (constellation)]] [[Leo Minor]] [[Lepus (constellation)]] [[Libra (constellation)]] [[Lupus (constellation)]] [[Lynx (constellation)]] [[Lyra]] [[Monoceros]] [[Ophiuchus]] [[Orion (constellation)]] [[Pegasus (constellation)]] [[Perseus (constellation)]] [[Pisces (constellation)]] [[Piscis Austrinus]] [[Puppis]] [[Pyxis]] [[Sagitta]] [[Sagittarius (constellation)]] [[Scorpius]] [[Scutum]] [[Serpens]] [[Sextans]] [[Taurus (constellation)]] [[Triangulum]] [[Triangulum Australe]] [[Ursa Major]] [[Ursa Minor]] [[Vela (constellation)]] [[Virgo (constellation)]] [[Vulpecula]] [[Chinese constellations]] [[Vermilion Bird]] [[White Tiger]] [[Black Tortoise]] [[Azure Dragon]] [[Astronomical object]] [[Centaurus A]] [[Cygnus X-1]] [[Eta Carinae]] [[Halley's Comet]] [[Hyades (star cluster)]] [[Large Magellanic Cloud]] [[Messier 87]] [[Mira]] [[Omega Centauri]] [[Orion Nebula]] [[Pleiades]] [[Sagittarius A]] [[Local Group]] [[Magellanic Clouds]] [[Milky Way]] [[Andromeda Galaxy]] [[Triangulum Galaxy]] ====Mfumo wa jua==== [[Mfumo wa jua]] [[Jua]] [[Utaridi]] [[Venus]] [[Earth]] [[Moon]] [[Mars]] [[Deimos]] [[Phobos]] [[Asteroid belt]] [[Ceres (dwarf planet)]] [[Jupiter]] [[Io (Mstarii)]] [[Europa]] [[Ganimedi (Mshtarii)]] [[Callisto (moon)]] [[Saturn]] [[Enceladus (moon)]] [[Titan (Zohali)]] [[Uranus]] [[Neptune]] [[Triton (moon)]] [[Pluto]] [[Charon]] [[Eris (sayari kibete)]] [[Makemake)]] [[Haumea]] [[Kuiper belt]] [[Oort cloud]] [[PSR B1257+12 B]] [[51 Pegasi b]] [[Sirius]] [[Canopus]] [[Arcturus]] [[Alpha Centauri]] [[Vega]] [[Rigel]] [[Procyon]] [[Achernar]] [[Betelgeuse]] [[Capella]] [[Altair]] [[Aldebaran]] [[Spica]] [[Antares]] [[Pollux (nyota)]] [[Fomalhaut]] [[Deneb]] [[RR Lyrae]] [[Alpha Crucis]] [[Beta Centauri]] [[Algol]] [[Delta Cephei]] [[Polaris]] [[3C 273]] [[Crab Nebula]] [[Celestial mechanics]] [[Eclipse]] [[Lunar eclipse]] [[Solar eclipse]] [[Ephemeris]] [[Epoch (astronomy)]] [[Escape velocity]] [[Equatorial coordinate system]] [[Gravity assist]] [[Kepler's laws of planetary motion]] [[Lagrangian point]] [[Natural satellite]] [[Obiti]] [[Geostationary orbit]] [[Low Earth orbit]] [[Orbital elements]] [[Orbital eccentricity]] [[Orbital mechanics]] [[Occultation]] [[Two-body problem]] ===Galactic astronomy and Extragalactic astronomy=== [[Black hole]] [[Schwarzschild radius]] [[Supermassive black hole]] [[Cosmic ray]] [[Dark nebula]] [[Galaksi]] [[Galaxy cluster]] [[Galaxy group]] [[Supercluster]] [[Great Attractor]] [[H II region]] [[Interstellar medium]] [[Molecular cloud]] [[Nebula]] [[Outer space]] [[Solar wind]] [[Star cluster]] [[Globular cluster]] [[Open cluster]] [[Stellar association]] [[Galaxy morphological classification]] [[Dwarf galaxy]] [[Elliptical galaxy]] [[Irregular galaxy]] [[Lenticular galaxy]] [[Spiral galaxy]] [[Active galactic nucleus]] [[Blazar]] [[Quasar]] [[Radio galaxy]] [[Seyfert galaxy]] [[Starburst galaxy]] [[Absolute magnitude]] [[Apparent magnitude]] [[Observatory]] ====Physical cosmology==== [[Cosmology]] [[Age of the universe]] [[Mlipuko mkuu]] [[Cosmic microwave background radiation]] [[Dark energy]] [[Dark matter]] [[Formation and evolution of the Solar System]] [[Galaxy formation and evolution]] [[Hubble's law]] [[Solar Nebula]] [[Nebular hypothesis]] [[Redshift]] [[Ulimwengu]] [[Observable universe]] ====Planetary science==== [[Asteroidi]] [[Comet]] [[Extrasolar planet]] [[Minor planet]] [[Sayari]] [[Sayari kibete]] [[Gas giant]] [[Terrestrial planet]] ====Stellar astronomy==== [[Nyota]] [[Brown dwarf]] [[Circumstellar habitable zone]] [[Gamma-ray burst]] [[Hertzsprung–Russell diagram]] [[Metallicity]] [[Planetary system]] [[Stellar classification]] [[Stellar evolution]] [[Planetary nebula]] [[Star formation]] [[Main sequence]] [[Protostar]] [[Red giant]] [[Giant star]] [[Supergiant]] [[Wolf–Rayet star]] [[Compact star]] [[White dwarf]] [[Neutron star]] [[Stellar black hole]] [[Stellar kinematics]] [[Stellar magnetic field]] [[Stellar nucleosynthesis]] [[Stellar rotation]] [[Star system]] [[Binary star]] [[Circumstellar disk]] [[Variable star]] [[Cepheid variable]] [[Nova]] [[Pulsar]] [[Supernova]] {{Div col end}} ===[[Kemia]]=== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Antioxidant]] [[Chalcogen]] [[Citric acid cycle]] [[Concentration]] [[Distillation]] [[Electronegativity]] [[Functional group]] [[Fluorescence]] [[Glycolysis]] [[Hydroxide]] [[Hydrophobe]] [[Monosaccharide]] [[Polymerization]] [[Polymerase chain reaction]] [[Phlogiston theory]] [[Polysaccharide]] [[Stoichiometry]] [[Tritium]] [[Radionuclide]] [[Solvent]] [[Covalent radius]] [[Oxidation state]] [[Vulcanization]] [[Geochemistry]] [[Carbon cycle]] [[Eutrophication]] [[Phase diagram]] [[Van der Waals radius]] [[Nonmetal]] [[Macromolecule]] [[Surfactant]] [[parts per million]] [[Noble metal]] [[Glycoprotein]] [[Oxidizing agent]] [[Poisson's ratio]] [[Pyrolysis]] [[Electrophoresis]] [[Valence electron]] [[Adhesion]] [[Tear gas]] [[Valence (chemistry)]] [[Cosmic dust]] [[IUPAC nomenclature]] [[Radical (chemistry)]] [[Isomer]] [[Group 11 element]] [[Kemia]] [[Agricultural Chemistry]] [[Biokemia]] [[Computational chemistry]] [[Electrochemistry]] [[Electrolysis]] [[Environmental chemistry]] [[Forensic science]] [[Kemia isiyokaboni]] [[Materials science]] [[Medicinal chemistry]] [[Nuclear chemistry]] [[Table of nuclides]] [[Kemia kaboni]] [[Organometallic chemistry]] [[Photochemistry]] [[Kemia ya fizikia]] [[Polymer chemistry]] [[Quantum chemistry]] [[Alchemy]] [[Chemical bond]] [[Ionic bond]] [[Covalent bond]] [[Metallic bond]] [[Hydrogen bond]] [[Intermolecular force]] [[Molekuli]] [[Chemical engineering]] [[Chemical industry]] [[Chemical reaction]] [[Acid–base reaction]] [[Catalysis]] [[Chemical equation]] [[Chemical equilibrium]] [[Chemical formula]] [[Chemical kinetics]] [[Combustion]] [[Moto]] [[Salt metathesis reaction]] [[Reaction mechanism]] [[Redox]] [[Corrosion]] [[Substitution reaction]] [[Chemical substance]] [[Chemical synthesis]] [[Chemist]] [[Conservation of mass]] [[Pyrotecnics]] [[Fireworks]] ====Analytical chemistry==== [[Analytical chemistry]] [[Chromatography]] [[Mass spectrometry]] [[Spectroscopy]] [[Absorption spectrum]] [[Absorption spectroscopy]] [[Material]] [[Clay]] [[Glass]] [[Oil]] [[Polymer]] [[Mineral]] [[Gypsum]] [[Salt]] [[Silicate]] [[Almasi]] [[Graphite]] [[Quartz]] [[Oxide]] [[Peroxide]] [[Ozone]] [[Carbonate]] [[Chloride]] [[Nitrate]] [[Sulfate]] [[Organophosphorus]] [[Organosilicon]] [[Silicone]] [[Organosulfur compounds]] [[Thiol]] [[Ester]] [[Ether]] [[Hydrocarbon]] [[Aromatic compound]] [[Alkyne]] ====Elementi za kikemia==== [[Elementi]] [[Orodha ya elementi]] [[Atomic number]] [[Atomic mass]] [[Periodic table]] [[Period (periodic table)]] [[Metali]] [[Alkali metal]] [[Alkaline earth metal]] [[Lanthanide]] [[Actinide]] [[Transition metal]] [[Metalloid]] [[Halogeni]] [[Noble gas]] [[Group 3 element]] [[Group 4 element]] [[Group 5 element]] [[Group 6 element]] [[Group 12 element]] [[Boron group]] [[Carbon group]] [[Pnictogen]] [[Period 1 element]] [[Period 2 element]] [[Period 3 element]] [[Hydrogen]] [[Helium]] [[Lithium]] [[Beryllium]] [[Boron]] [[Carbon]] [[Nitrogen]] [[Oxygen]] [[Fluorine]] [[Neon]] [[Sodium]] [[Magnesium]] [[Aluminium]] [[Silicon]] [[Phosphorus]] [[Sulfur]] [[Chlorine]] [[Argon]] [[Potassium]] [[Calcium]] [[Scandium]] [[Titanium]] [[Vanadium]] [[Chromium]] [[Manganese]] [[Iron]] [[Cobalt]] [[Nickel]] [[Copper]] [[Zinc]] [[Gallium]] [[Germanium]] [[Arsenic]] [[Selenium]] [[Bromine]] [[Krypton]] [[Rubidium]] [[Strontium]] [[Yttrium]] [[Zirconium]] [[Niobium]] [[Molybdenum]] [[Technetium]] [[Ruthenium]] [[Rhodium]] [[Palladium]] [[Silver]] [[Cadmium]] [[Indium]] [[Tin]] [[Antimony]] [[Tellurium]] [[Iodine]] [[Xenon]] [[Caesium]] [[Barium]] [[Lanthanum]] [[Cerium]] [[Praseodymium]] [[Neodymium]] [[Promethium]] [[Samarium]] [[Europium]] [[Gadolinium]] [[Terbium]] [[Dysprosium]] [[Holmium]] [[Erbium]] [[Thulium]] [[Ytterbium]] [[Lutetium]] [[Hafnium]] [[Tantalum]] [[Tungsten]] [[Rhenium]] [[Osmium]] [[Iridium]] [[Platinum]] [[Gold]] [[Zebaki]] [[Thallium]] [[Lead]] [[Bismuth]] [[Polonium]] [[Astatine]] [[Radon]] [[Francium]] [[Radium]] [[Actinium]] [[Thorium]] [[Protactinium]] [[Uranium]] [[Neptunium]] [[Plutonium]] [[Americium]] [[Curium]] [[Berkelium]] [[Californium]] [[Einsteinium]] [[Fermium]] [[Mendelevium]] [[Nobelium]] [[Lawrencium]] [[Rutherfordium]] [[Dubnium]] [[Seaborgium]] [[Bohrium]] [[Hassium]] [[Meitnerium]] [[Darmstadtium]] [[Roentgenium]] [[Copernicium]] [[Nihonium]] [[Flerovium]] [[Moscovium]] [[Livermorium]] [[Tennessine]] [[Oganesson]] [[Kampaundi]] [[Asidi]] [[Acetic acid]] [[Boric acid]] [[Citric acid]] [[Hydrochloric acid]] [[Hydrofluoric acid]] [[Lactic acid]] [[Nitric acid]] [[Phosphoric acid]] [[Sulfuric acid]] [[Tannic acid]] [[Alkali]] [[Base (chemistry)]] [[Inorganic compound]] [[Ammonia]] [[Carbon dioxide]] [[Carbon monoxide]] [[Maji]] [[Organic compound]] [[Acetone]] [[Alcohol]] [[Aldehyde]] [[Alkane]] [[Alkene]] [[Amide]] [[Amine]] [[Benzene]] [[Butane]] [[Ethane]] [[Caffeine]] [[Carboxylic acid]] [[Chlorofluorocarbon]] [[Cocaine]] [[Ethanol]] [[Ethylene]] [[Formaldehyde]] [[Fructose]] [[Glucose]] [[Haloalkane]] [[Ketone]] [[Methane]] [[Methanol]] [[Nicotine]] [[Phenol]] [[Propane]] [[Propene]] [[Syngas]] [[Salt (chemistry)]] [[Alum]] [[Ammonium nitrate]] [[Ammonium sulfate]] [[Calcium carbonate]] [[Calcium chloride]] [[Magnesium sulfate]] [[Potassium hydroxide]] [[Potassium nitrate]] [[Sodium bicarbonate]] [[Sodium carbonate]] [[Sodium chloride]] [[Sodium hydroxide]] [[Sodium nitrate]] [[Sodium silicate]] [[Sodium sulfate]] [[Titanium dioxide]] [[Mixture]] [[Aerosol]] [[Colloid]] [[Dispersion (chemistry)]] [[Emulsion]] [[Foam]] [[Gel]] [[Solution]] [[Suspension (chemistry)]] [[Vapor]] [[Aloi]] [[Amalgam (chemistry)]] [[Brass]] [[Bronze]] [[Ceramic]] [[Cast iron]] [[Duralumin]] [[Steel]] [[Stainless steel]] [[Tablet (pharmacy)]] {{Div col end}} ====[[Sayansi ya dunia]]==== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Cartography]] [[Ramani]] [[Maafa asilia]] [[Avalanche]] [[Ukame]] [[Mafuriko]] [[Tetemeko la ardhi]] [[Tsunami]] [[Structure of the Earth]] [[Fold (geology)]] [[Formation (stratigraphy)]] [[Fossil]] [[Jiolojia]] [[Impact crater]] [[Lithosphere]] [[Crust (geology)]] [[Fault (geology)]] [[Mwamba]] [[Basalt]] [[Flint]] [[Igneous rock]] [[Limestone]] [[Magma]] [[Metamorphic rock]] [[Sedimentary rock]] [[Mineralojia]] [[Plate tectonics]] [[Stratigrafia]] [[Stratum]] [[Thrust fault]] [[Pyroxene]] [[Silicate minerals]] [[Feldspar]] [[Kaolinite]] [[Talc]] [[Mica]] [[Asbestos]] [[Beryl]] [[Emerald]] [[Sapphire]] [[Ruby]] [[Topaz]] [[Amber]] [[Ivory]] [[Pearl]] [[Petrology]] [[Conglomerate (geology)]] [[Gravel]] [[Granite]] [[Tuff]] [[Schist]] [[Marble]] [[Gneiss]] [[Soil]] [[Sand]] [[Sandstone]] [[Bauxite]] [[Peat]] [[Quartzite]] [[Slate]] [[Oil shale]] [[Jiodesia]] [[Geophysics]] [[Earth's magnetic field]] [[Inner core]] [[Outer core]] [[Earth's mantle]] [[Seismology]] [[Geologic time scale]] [[Pangaea]] [[Extinction event]] [[Permian–Triassic extinction event]] [[Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event]] [[Ice age]] [[Precambrian]] [[Phanerozoic]] [[Paleozoic]] [[Cambrian]] [[Permian]] [[Mesozoic]] [[Triassic]] [[Jurassic]] [[Cretaceous]] [[Cenozoic]] [[Quaternary]] [[Holocene]] [[Geomorphology]] [[Erosion]] [[Mesa]] [[Stack (geology)]] [[Weathering]] [[Landform]] [[Mlima]] [[Safu ya milima]] [[Plateau]] [[Hill]] [[Bonde]] [[Plain]] [[Alluvial fan]] [[Beach]] [[Canyon]] [[Cliff]] [[Floodplain]] [[Meander]] [[Oasis]] [[Rapid]] [[Maporomoko ya maji]] [[Cirque]] [[Esker]] [[Fjord]] [[Speleology]] [[Cave]] [[Karst]] [[Atoli]] [[Hori]] [[Puwani]] [[Continental shelf]] [[Coral reef]] [[Lagoon]] [[Oceanic trench]] [[Peninsula]] [[Isthmus]] [[Kisiwa]] [[Seamount]] [[Volikano]] [[Caldera]] [[Geyser]] [[Hotspot (geology)]] [[Mid-ocean ridge]] [[Kasoko]] [[Volcanic plug]] [[Lava dome]] [[Submarine volcano]] [[Guyot]] [[Aeolian processes]] [[Dune]] [[Mfereji]] [[Reservoir]] [[Polder]] [[Artificial island]] [[Levee]] [[Quarry]] [[Ditch]] [[Land reclamation]] [[Biomes]] [[Jangwa]] [[Tundra]] [[Heath]] [[Msitu]] [[Jungle]] [[Mangrove]] [[Taiga]] [[Tropical forest]] [[Rainforest]] [[Amazon rainforest]] [[Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest]] [[Grassland]] [[Cerrado]] [[Shamba]] [[Llanos]] [[Meadow]] [[Pampas]] [[Pasture]] [[Prairie]] [[Sahel]] [[Savanna]] [[Steppe]] [[Wetland]] [[Swamp]] [[Bog]] [[Raised bog]] [[Pedosphere]] [[Pedogenesis]] [[Soil science]] [[Atmosphere of Earth]] [[Atmospheric chemistry]] [[Air mass]] [[Atmospheric pressure]] [[Aurora (astronomy)]] [[Halo (optical phenomenon)]] [[Mirage]] [[Upinde wa mvua]] [[Anga]] =====Elimu ya Hali ya Hewa===== [[Climatolojia]] [[Hali ya hewa]] [[El Niño–Southern Oscillation]] [[Global warming]] [[Köppen climate classification]] [[Temperateness]] [[Tropical climate]] =====Metrolojia===== [[Metrolojia]] [[Barometer]] [[Humidity]] [[Weather front]] [[Weather]] [[Wingu]] [[Cirrus cloud]] [[Cumulonimbus cloud]] [[Cumulus cloud]] [[Fog]] [[Usimbishaji]] [[Acid rain]] [[Black ice]] [[Umande]] [[Frost]] [[Groundwater]] [[Mvua ya mawe]] [[Mvua]] [[Theluji]] [[Majira]] [[Majira ya kuchipua]] [[Majira ya joto]] [[Majira ya kupuputika majani]] [[Majira ya baridi]] [[Masika]] [[Kiangazi]] [[Atmospheric circulation]] [[Anticyclone]] [[Cyclone]] [[Hadley cell]] [[Polar vortex]] [[Storm]] [[Blizzard]] [[Dust storm]] [[Lightning]] [[Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale]] [[Thunderstorm]] [[Tornado]] [[Tropical cyclone]] [[Upepo]] [[Beaufort scale]] [[Jet stream]] [[Monsoon]] [[Sea breeze]] [[Trade wind]] [[Hydrosphere]] [[Cryosphere]] [[Glaciology]] [[Firn]] [[Barafuto]] [[Barafu]] [[Ice sheet]] [[Ice shelf]] [[Iceberg]] [[Sea ice]] [[Permafrost]] [[Hydrology]] [[Water cycle]] [[Hydrography]] [[Mto]] [[Estuary]] [[Delta]] [[Limnology]] [[Ziwa]] [[Pond]] [[Tide]] [[Oceanografia]] [[Ocean]] [[Bahari]] [[Ocean current]] [[Usawa wa bahari]] [[Thermohaline circulation]] {{Div col end}} ===Fizikia=== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Fizikia]] [[Allotropy]] [[Geiger–Marsden experiment]] [[Osmosis]] [[Quantum field theory]] [[Remote sensing]] [[Alpha decay]] [[Absolute zero]] [[Adiabatic process]] [[Butterfly effect]] [[Brownian motion]] [[Beta decay]] [[Classical element]] [[Corona]] [[Density]] [[Electronvolt]] [[Electron microscope]] [[Fundamental interaction]] [[Elementary particle]] [[Ferromagnetism]] [[Graviton]] [[Heat engine]] [[Heavy water]] [[Hydrolysis]] [[Insulator (electricity)]] [[Ionosphere]] [[Mach number]] [[Mohs scale of mineral hardness]] [[Magnetosphere]] [[Obsidian]] [[Physical quantity]] [[Pump]] [[PH]] [[Precession]] [[Quantum computer]] [[Refraction]] [[Standard conditions for temperature and pressure]] [[Schrödinger's cat]] [[Tunguska event]] [[Time travel]] [[Voltage]] [[Wavelength]] [[Wormhole]] [[Enthalpy of vaporization]] [[Ballistic missile]] [[Gravitational constant]] [[Vapor pressure]] [[Black body]] [[Electrolyte]] [[Gravitational lens]] [[Atomic radius]] [[Boltzmann constant]] [[Biophysics]] [[Perpetual motion]] [[Dew point]] [[Compton scattering]] [[Thermal conductivity]] [[Solubility]] [[Ionization energy]] [[Van Allen radiation belt]] [[Hydraulics]] [[Magnetic flux]] [[Boyle's law]] [[Ideal gas]] [[Angular velocity]] [[Foucault pendulum]] [[Geocentric model]] [[Apsis]] [[Metronome]] [[Water vapor]] [[Electromagnet]] [[Second law of thermodynamics]] [[Orbital period]] [[Fluorescent lamp]] [[First law of thermodynamics]] [[Heat transfer]] [[Heat capacity]] [[Electrical conductor]] [[Adsorption]] [[Heliocentrism]] [[St. Elmo's fire]] [[Archimedes' principle]] [[Internal energy]] [[Astrophysics]] [[Reflection (physics)]] [[Wind wave]] [[Permeability (electromagnetism)]] [[Hardness]] [[Atomism]] [[Spin (physics)]] [[Theoretical physics]] [[Semi-major axis]] [[Event horizon]] [[Amplitude]] [[Atomu]] [[Energy]] [[Mass–energy equivalence]] [[Conservation of energy]] [[Field (physics)]] [[Force]] [[Gravitation]] [[Strong interaction]] [[Weak interaction]] [[Mata]] [[Power (physics)]] [[Radiation]] [[Ionizing radiation]] [[Space]] [[Spacetime]] [[Time]] [[Planck time]] [[Planck units]] [[Vacuum]] [[Atomic physics]] [[Kiini cha atomi]] [[Atomic orbital]] [[Atomic theory]] [[Auger effect]] [[Binding energy]] [[Bohr model]] [[Bremsstrahlung]] [[Electron configuration]] [[Electron shell]] [[Excited state]] [[Hydrogen-like atom]] [[Hyperfine structure]] [[Ioni]] [[Plum pudding model]] [[Principal quantum number]] [[Stimulated emission]] [[Molecular orbital]] [[Molecular orbital theory]] [[Optics]] [[Free-electron laser]] [[Kerr effect]] [[Luminosity]] [[Nonlinear optics]] [[Photonics]] [[Physical optics]] [[Polarization (waves)]] [[Refractive index]] [[Condensed matter physics]] [[Amorphous solid]] [[Solid-state physics]] [[Crystallography]] [[Crystal]] [[Crystal structure]] [[Crystal system]] [[Crystallization]] [[Phase transition]] [[Phase (matter)]] [[Boiling]] [[Boiling point]] [[Critical point (thermodynamics)]] [[Condensation]] [[Evaporation]] [[Freezing]] [[Ionization]] [[Melting]] [[Melting point]] [[Sublimation (phase transition)]] [[Triple point]] [[State of matter]] [[Bose–Einstein condensate]] [[Degenerate matter]] [[Gesi]] [[Liquid]] [[Plasma (physics)]] [[Quark–gluon plasma]] [[Solid]] [[Superfluidity]] [[Electromagnetic force]] [[Dielectric]] [[Oil drop experiment]] [[Electricity]] [[Magnet]] [[Magnetism]] [[Metamaterial]] [[Photoelectric effect]] [[Superconductivity]] [[Electrostatics]] [[Electric charge]] [[Coulomb's law]] [[Electric field]] [[Gauss's law]] [[Electric potential]] [[Lorentz force]] [[Electromotive force]] [[Magnetomotive force]] [[Electromagnetic induction]] [[Faraday's law of induction]] [[Maxwell's equations]] [[Electromagnetic field]] [[Electromagnetic radiation]] [[Electromagnetic spectrum]] [[Radio waves]] [[Microwave]] [[Infrared]] [[Visible spectrum]] [[Ultraviolet]] [[X-ray]] [[Gamma ray]] [[Eddy current]] [[Magnetostatics]] [[Electric current]] [[Ampère's circuital law]] [[Magnetic field]] [[Magnetic moment]] [[Electrical network]] [[Electrical resistivity and conductivity]] [[Electrical resistance and conductance]] [[Ohm's law]] [[Gain]] [[Capacitance]] [[Inductance]] [[Electrical impedance]] [[Electrical reactance]] [[Kirchhoff's circuit laws]] [[Makanika]] [[Aerodynamics]] [[Continuum mechanics]] [[Dynamics (mechanics)]] [[Kinematics]] [[Soil mechanics]] [[Statics]] [[Rheology]] [[Oscillation]] [[Harmonic oscillator]] [[Classical mechanics]] [[Frame of reference]] [[Friction]] [[Impulse (physics)]] [[Inertia]] [[Kinetic energy]] [[Masi]] [[Moment of inertia]] [[Momentum]] [[Motion (physics)]] [[Acceleration]] [[Newton's laws of motion]] [[Speed]] [[Velocity]] [[Potential energy]] [[Rotation]] [[Angular momentum]] [[Centrifugal force]] [[Centripetal force]] [[Coriolis effect]] [[Newton's law of universal gravitation]] [[Torque]] [[Uzito]] [[Work (physics)]] [[Solid mechanics]] [[Elastic modulus]] [[Fatigue (material)]] [[Elasticity (physics)]] [[Hooke's law]] [[Plasticity (physics)]] [[Stiffness]] [[Strength of materials]] [[Stress (mechanics)]] [[Fluid mechanics]] [[Bernoulli's principle]] [[Buoyancy]] [[Convection]] [[Diffusion]] [[Fluid dynamics]] [[Fluid statics]] [[Navier–Stokes equations]] [[Reynolds number]] [[Surface tension]] [[Turbulence]] [[Viscosity]] [[Quantum mechanics]] [[Quantum chromodynamics]] [[Quantum electrodynamics]] [[Quantum entanglement]] [[Quantum tunnelling]] [[Uncertainty principle]] [[Pauli exclusion principle]] [[Schrödinger equation]] [[Wave function]] [[Wave–particle duality]] [[Statistical mechanics]] [[Nuclear physics]] [[Isotopi]] [[Nuclear fission]] [[Nuclear fusion]] [[Tokamak]] [[Fusion power]] [[Radioactive decay]] [[Alpha particle]] [[Beta Radiation]] [[Particle physics]] [[Particle]] [[Cloud chamber]] [[Standard Model]] [[String theory]] [[Spontaneous symmetry breaking]] [[Supersymmetry]] [[Particle accelerator]] [[Large Hadron Collider]] [[Synchrotron]] [[Synchrotron radiation]] [[Tevatron]] [[Subatomic particle]] [[Fermion]] [[Lepton]] [[Electron]] [[Muon]] [[Tau (particle)]] [[Neutrino]] [[Quark]] [[Up quark]] [[Down quark]] [[Charm quark]] [[Strange quark]] [[Top quark]] [[Bottom quark]] [[Hadron]] [[Baryon]] [[Neutron]] [[Proton]] [[Meson]] [[Boson]] [[Gauge boson]] [[Gluon]] [[Photon]] [[Higgs boson]] [[W and Z bosons]] [[Antimatter]] [[Antiparticle]] [[Positron]] [[Antihydrogen]] [[Antiproton]] [[Antineutron]] [[Nadharia ya uhusianifu]] [[General relativity]] [[Special relativity]] [[Length contraction]] [[Michelson–Morley experiment]] [[Heat]] [[Temperature]] [[Thermodynamics]] [[Enthalpy]] [[Entropy]] [[Ideal gas law]] [[Pressure]] [[Functions of state]] [[Gibbs free energy]] [[Thermodynamic state]] [[Wimbi]] [[Acoustics]] [[Sound]] [[Speed of sound]] [[Ultrasound]] [[Diffraction]] [[Frequency]] [[Interference (wave propagation)]] [[Light]] [[Speed of light]] [[Noise]] [[Resonance]] [[Doppler effect]] ====Upimaji==== ''This list contains units of measurement and articles on metrology. For the measured quantities see Science and Mathematics sections.'' [[Upimaji]] [[Measuring instrument]] [[Altimeter]] [[Micrometer]] [[Sensor]] [[Spectrometer]] [[Theodolite]] [[Thermometer]] [[Weighing scale]] [[Units of measurement]] [[Metric system]] [[International System of Units]] [[Metrology]] [[Degree (angle)]] [[Radian]] [[Steradian]] [[Mita mraba]] [[Eka]] [[Hektari]] [[Angstrom]] [[Astronomical unit]] [[Futi]] [[Inchi]] [[Mwakanuru]] [[Meta]] [[Maili]] [[Nautical mile]] [[Parsec]] [[Yard]] [[Sekunde]] [[Dakika]] [[Saa]] [[Siku]] [[Juma]] [[Mwezi (wakati)|Mwezi]] [[Mwaka]] [[Decade]] [[milenia]] [[Galoni]] [[Lita]] [[Volt]] [[Ohm]] [[Hertz]] [[Farad]] [[Coulomb]] [[Henry (unit)]] [[Tesla (unit)]] [[Weber (unit)]] [[Watt]] [[Ampere]] [[Candela]] [[Lumen (unit)]] [[Lux]] [[Atmosphere (unit)]] [[Joule]] [[Newton (unit)]] [[Calorie]] [[Pascal (unit)]] [[Kilogramu]] [[Tani]] [[Pound (mass)]] [[Ounce]] [[Atomic mass unit]] [[Knot (unit)]] [[Amount of substance]] [[Mole (unit)]] [[Baiti]] [[Bit]] [[Baud]] [[Becquerel]] [[Gray (unit)]] [[Sievert]] [[Celsius]] [[Fahrenheit]] [[Kelvin]] [[Decibel]] {{Div col end}} ==Teknolojia== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Teknolojia]] [[Uhandisi]] [[Akili bandia]] [[Biotekinolojia]] [[Cloning]] [[Genetically modified organism]] [[Genetic engineering]] [[Nanotechnology]] [[Nuclear technology]] [[Transhumanism]] [[Control engineering]] [[Standardization]] [[Disruptive innovation]] [[Transport engineering]] [[Construction engineering]] [[Petroleum engineering]] [[Naval architecture]] [[Innovation]] [[Technophobia]] [[Microtechnology]] [[Technical drawing]] [[Automation]] [[Technological convergence]] [[Science studies]] [[Science, technology and society]] [[High tech]] [[Engineering management]] [[Food engineering]] [[Technological change]] [[Human reliability]] [[Technological determinism]] [[Municipal or urban engineering]] [[Earthquake engineering]] [[Coastal management]] [[Ceramic engineering]] [[Engineering ethics]] [[Agricultural engineering]] [[Aerospace engineering]] [[Biomedical engineering]] [[Civil engineering]] [[Electrical engineering]] [[Industrial engineering]] [[Military engineering]] [[Nuclear engineering]] [[Software engineering]] ===[[Kilimo]]=== [[Agricultural science]] [[Agronomy]] [[Domestication]] [[Farm]] [[Farmer]] [[Green Revolution]] [[Selective breeding]] [[Kolkhoz]] [[Barn]] [[Granary]] [[Grain elevator]] [[Stable]] [[Greenhouse]] [[Combine harvester]] [[Cultivar]] [[Fertilizer]] [[Gardening]] [[Harvest]] [[Insecticide]] [[Irrigation]] [[Pesticide]] [[Herbicide]] [[Plant breeding]] [[Tillage]] [[Winnowing]] [[Animal husbandry]] [[Beekeeping]] [[Livestock]] [[Breed]] [[Poultry]] [[Garden]] [[Crop]] [[Pamba]] [[Hemp]] [[Hay]] [[Weed]] [[Dairy]] [[Extensive farming]] [[Fish farming]] [[Industrial agriculture]] [[Intensive farming]] [[Orchard]] [[Organic farming]] [[Permaculture]] [[Sericulture]] [[Subsistence agriculture]] [[Sustainable agriculture]] [[Urban agriculture]] [[Agricultural policy]] ===Ujenzi=== [[Asphalt]] [[Adobe]] [[Suspension bridge]] [[Reinforced concrete]] [[Moat]] [[Matope]] [[Bulldozer]] [[Mortar (masonry)]] [[Plaster]] [[Tile]] [[Building material]] [[Foundation (engineering)]] [[Numerical control]] [[Stucco]] [[Breakwater (structure)]] [[Building]] [[Architectural engineering]] [[Building code]] [[Infrastructure]] [[Structural engineering]] [[Nail (fastener)]] [[Tofali]] [[Simenti]] [[Zege]] [[Masonry]] [[Scaffolding]] [[Tao]] [[Ceiling]] [[Nguzo]] [[Kuba (jengo)]] [[Mlango]] [[Facade]] [[Sakafu]] [[Paa]] [[Chumba]] [[Ngazi]] [[Ukuta]] [[Dirisha]] [[Harbor]] [[Lighthouse]] [[Pier]] [[Ofisi]] [[Warehouse]] [[Apartment]] [[Barracks]] [[Nyumba]] [[Pagoda]] [[Palace]] [[Penthouse apartment]] [[Piramidi]] [[Skyscraper]] [[Tower]] [[Tower block]] [[Villa]] [[Hut (dwelling)]] [[Igloo]] [[Basement]] [[Bathroom]] [[Bedroom]] [[Dining room]] [[Garage (house)]] [[Kitchen]] [[Living room]] [[Pantry]] [[Hema]] [[Yurt]] [[Urban planning]] [[Urban design]] [[Campus]] [[City block]] [[Downtown]] [[Ghetto]] [[Industrial park]] [[Park]] [[Street]] [[Town square]] [[Zoning]] [[Lambo]] [[Hoover Dam]] [[Three Gorges Dam]] [[Daraja]] [[Akashi Kaikyō Bridge]] [[Bang Na Expressway]] [[Brooklyn Bridge]] [[Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge]] [[Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link]] [[George Washington Bridge]] [[Golden Gate Bridge]] [[Great Belt Fixed Link]] [[Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge]] [[Lake Pontchartrain Causeway]] [[London Bridge]] [[Øresund connection]] [[Russky Bridge]] [[Tower Bridge]] [[Tunnel]] [[Channel Tunnel]] [[Seikan Tunnel]] ===[[Tasnia]]=== [[Industrial robot]] [[Mass production]] [[Mechanization]] [[Waste]] [[Landfill]] [[Recycling]] [[Waste management]] [[Woodworking]] [[Geothermal energy]] [[Hydroelectricity]] [[Nuclear power]] [[Solar energy]] [[Solar power]] [[Renewable energy]] [[Wind power]] [[Mshumaa]] [[Windmill]] [[Hydropower]] [[Electricity generation]] [[Power station]] [[Cooling tower]] [[Solar cell]] [[Turbine]] [[Wind turbine]] [[Electrical grid]] [[Electric power transmission]] [[Electric power distribution]] [[Fueli ya kisukuku]] [[Mkaa]] [[Gasoline]] [[Kerosene]] [[Natural gas]] [[Petroli]] [[Microwave oven]] [[Pasteurization]] [[Refrigerator]] [[Sabuni]] [[Stove]] [[Scuba set]] [[Vacuum flask]] [[Laundry]] [[Sanitation]] [[Sewer]] [[Sewage treatment]] [[Water purification]] [[Aqueduct (water supply)]] [[Plumbing]] [[Pumping station]] [[Water tower]] [[Water well]] [[Explosive material]] [[Dynamite]] [[Metallurgy]] [[Plastic]] [[Rubber]] [[Adhesive]] [[Ore]] [[Karatasi]] [[Papyrus]] [[Lumber]] [[Petrochemical]] [[Metalworking]] [[Blacksmith]] [[Die casting]] [[Drilling]] [[Extrusion]] [[Laser cutting]] [[Machine press]] [[Quenching]] [[Rolling (metalworking)]] [[Soldering]] [[Welding]] ===Mashine, vifaa=== [[Mechanical engineering]] [[Mashine]] [[Centrifuge]] [[Engine]] [[Electric motor]] [[Internal combustion engine]] [[Jet engine]] [[Steam engine]] [[Roboti]] [[Simple machine]] [[Inclined plane]] [[Lever]] [[Pulley]] [[Screw]] [[Wedge (mechanical device)]] [[Wheel]] [[Wheel and axle]] [[Robotics]] [[System]] [[Crane (machine)]] [[Axle]] [[Bearing (mechanical)]] [[Clutch]] [[Gear]] [[Worm drive]] [[Cable]] [[Chain]] [[Rope]] [[Net (device)]] [[Twine]] [[Fastener]] [[Nut (hardware)]] [[Knot]] [[Rivet]] [[Washer (hardware)]] [[Kinematic pair]] [[Lock (device)]] [[Key (lock)]] [[Pipe (fluid conveyance)]] [[Gasket]] [[Spring]] [[Msumenomnyororo]] [[Cotton gin]] [[Cultivator]] [[Irrigation sprinkler]] [[Lawn mower]] [[Sewing machine]] [[Trekta]] [[Air conditioning]] [[Clothes dryer]] [[Coffeemaker]] [[Dishwasher]] [[Oven]] [[Sink]] [[Electric stove]] [[Toilet]] [[Vacuum cleaner]] [[Washing machine]] [[Tool]] [[Archimedes' screw]] [[Axe]] [[Hammer]] [[Saw]] [[Chisel]] [[Clamp (tool)]] [[Lathe]] [[Plane (tool)]] [[Sandpaper]] [[Scissors]] [[Screwdriver]] [[Broom]] [[Ruler]] [[Ladder]] [[Toothbrush]] [[Drill]] [[Anvil]] [[Clothes iron]] [[Eraser]] [[Harrow (tool)]] [[Hoe (tool)]] [[Machete]] [[Pitchfork]] [[Plau]] [[Rake (tool)]] [[Roller (agricultural tool)]] [[Scythe]] [[Sickle]] [[Shovel]] [[Watering can]] [[Kamera]] [[Glasses]] [[Leza]] [[Lens (optics)]] [[Hadubini]] [[Prism (optics)]] [[Darubini]] [[Holography]] [[Optical fiber]] [[Photodetector]] [[Optical illusion]] [[Albedo]] [[Depth of field]] [[Photodiode]] [[Camera obscura]] [[Periscope]] [[Anti-reflective coating]] [[Diffraction grating]] [[Focal length]] [[Focus (optics)]] [[Fresnel lens]] [[Mirror]] [[Polarizer]] [[Rayleigh scattering]] [[Dispersion (optics)]] [[Binoculars]] [[Interferometry]] [[Catadioptric system]] [[Reflecting telescope]] [[Refracting telescope]] [[Electronics]] [[Alternating current]] [[Amplifier]] [[Operational amplifier]] [[Circuit design]] [[Direct current]] [[Electronic amplifier]] [[Oscilloscope]] [[Relay]] [[Signal processing]] [[Mechatronics]] [[Electronic component]] [[Antena]] [[Betri]] [[Kapasita]] [[Diodi]] [[Light-emitting diode]] [[Flat panel display]] [[Incandescent light bulb]] [[Inductor]] [[Integrated circuit]] [[Cavity magnetron]] [[Kikinza]] [[Semiconductor]] [[Transfoma]] [[Transista]] [[Vacuum tube]] [[Waveguide]] [[Cathode ray tube]] [[Printed circuit board]] [[Electrical connector]] [[Loudspeaker]] [[Power supply]] [[Switch]] [[Circuit breaker]] [[Fuse (electrical)]] [[Waya]] [[Flip-flop (electronics)]] [[Thyristor]] [[Atomic clock]] [[Celestial navigation]] [[Clock]] [[Compass]] [[Dead reckoning]] [[Global Positioning System (GPS)]] [[Gyroscope]] [[Pendulum]] [[Radar]] [[Sonar]] [[Sundial]] [[Navigation]] [[Sextant]] [[Watch]] [[Azimuth]] [[Sidereal time]] [[Astrolabe]] [[Water clock]] [[Satellite navigation]] [[Hourglass]] [[Information technology]] [[Abacus]] [[Calculator]] [[Computing]] [[Data (computing)]] [[Expert system]] [[Internationalization and localization]] [[Computer science]] [[Algorithm]] [[Compiler]] [[Data compression]] [[Data structure]] [[Error detection and correction]] [[Numerical integration]] [[Search engine (computing)]] [[Cryptography]] [[Authentication]] [[Encryption]] [[Password]] [[Computer programming]] [[Programming paradigm]] [[Functional programming]] [[Object-oriented programming]] [[Structured programming]] [[Tarakilishi]] [[Booting]] [[Compact Disc]] [[ENIAC]] [[Hard disk drive]] [[Motherboard]] [[Central processing unit]] [[Random-access memory]] [[Dynamic random-access memory]] [[Read-only memory]] [[Peripheral]] [[User interface]] [[Computer keyboard]] [[Computer monitor]] [[Liquid crystal display]] [[Mouse (computing)]] [[Touchscreen]] [[Software]] [[Computer program]] [[Database]] [[Data warehouse]] [[Graphical user interface]] [[Malware]] [[Open source software]] [[Spreadsheet]] [[Word processor]] [[Web browser]] [[Virtual reality]] [[Operating system]] [[Berkeley Software Distribution]] [[Linux]] [[Mac OS]] [[Microsoft Windows]] [[MS-DOS]] [[Multics]] [[OpenVMS]] [[Unix]] [[Programming language]] [[Ada (programming language)]] [[Assembly language]] [[BASIC]] [[C (programming language)]] [[C++]] [[COBOL]] [[Fortran]] [[Java (programming language)]] [[JavaScript]] [[Lisp (programming language)]] [[PHP]] [[Python (programming language)]] [[SQL]] [[Computer network]] [[Ethernet]] [[Router (computing)]] [[Wi-Fi]] [[Internet]] [[Email]] [[Transmission Control Protocol]] [[World Wide Web]] [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol]] [[HTML]] [[Internet protocol suite]] [[Web search engine]] [[Website]] [[Wiki]] [[Broadcasting]] [[Communications satellite]] [[Photography]] [[Printing]] [[Printer]] [[Printing press]] [[Publishing]] [[Radio]] [[Amateur radio]] [[Radio broadcasting station]] [[Telecommunication]] [[telegraphy]] [[Telephone]] [[Television]] [[Cable television]] [[Satellite television]] [[Typewriter]] [[Video]] [[Video camera]] [[Videotape]] [[Data storage]] [[Floppy disk]] [[Magnetic tape]] [[Memory card]] [[Optical disc]] [[Mail]] [[Postage stamp]] [[Courier]] [[Mobile device]] [[Mobile phone]] [[Photocopier]] [[Social media]] [[Blogu]] [[Sound recording and reproduction]] [[Microphone]] [[Speech synthesis]] [[Coding theory]] [[Data transmission]] [[Forward error correction]] [[Modulation]] [[Video game console]] [[Atacama Large Millimeter Array]] [[American Space Agency]] [[Great Observatories program]] [[Herschel Space Observatory]] [[Hubble Space Telescope]] [[International Space Station]] [[James Webb Space Telescope]] [[Moon landing]] [[NASA]] [[Apollo program]] [[Apollo 11]] [[Rocket]] [[Satellite]] [[Soyuz (spacecraft)]] [[Spaceflight]] [[Space Shuttle]] [[Space station]] [[Spitzer Space Telescope]] [[Very Large Telescope]] [[Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe]] [[Astronaut]] [[Launch vehicle]] [[Rocket engine]] [[Space capsule]] [[Spaceport]] [[Space probe]] [[Space suit]] [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]] National Space Administration]] [[Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency]] [[Kennedy Space Center]] [[Geosynchronous orbit]] [[Sputnik 1]] [[Voyager]] [[Proton (rocket family)]] [[Saturn V]] [[Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory]] [[Mauna Kea Observatories]] [[Mount Wilson Observatory]] [[Palomar Observatory]] [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] [[Ion thruster]] [[Astronautics]] [[Vostok programme]] [[Vostok 1]] [[Leather]] [[Silk]] [[Wool]] {{Div col end}} ===Usafiri=== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Cargo]] [[Conveyor belt]] [[Elevator/Lift]] [[Escalator]] [[Intermodal container]] [[Logistics]] [[Passenger]] [[Pipeline transport]] [[Public transport]] [[Rush hour]] [[Transport]] [[Travel]] [[Vehicle]] [[Airbus]] [[Aircraft]] [[Airline]] [[Airliner]] [[Airplane]] [[Airport]] [[Airship]] [[Aviation]] [[Balloon (aircraft)]] [[Bombardier Aerospace]] [[Boeing]] [[Cargo aircraft]] [[Embraer]] [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport]] [[Helicopter]] [[Kite]] [[Parachute]] [[Tupolev]] [[Unmanned aerial vehicle]] [[Barge]] [[Boat]] [[Canoe]] [[Caravel]] [[Container ship]] [[Cruise ship]] [[Ferry]] [[Hovercraft]] [[Junk (ship)]] [[Port]] [[Raft]] [[Rowing]] [[Sail]] [[Sailing]] [[Ship]] [[Tanker (ship)]] [[Watercraft]] [[Express train]] [[Locomotive]] [[Steam locomotive]] [[London Underground]] [[Maglev train]] [[Moscow Metro]] [[New York City Subway]] [[Paris Métro]] [[Rail transportation]] [[Railway signal]] [[Railway system]] [[Train]] [[Train station]] [[Trans-Siberian Railway]] [[Tram]] [[Subterranean rapid transit (subway)]] [[Road transport]] [[Auto rickshaw]] [[Bicycle]] [[Bus]] [[Trolleybus]] [[Bus station]] [[Carriage]] [[Motorcycle]] [[Road]] [[Controlled-access highway]] [[Saddle]] [[Stirrup]] [[Traffic]] [[Traffic accident]] [[Traffic sign]] [[Trail]] [[Truck]] [[Van]] [[Automobile (car)]] [[Automotive industry]] [[Electric car]] [[Taxicab]] [[Ford Motor Company]] [[General Motors]] [[Honda]] [[Hyundai Motor Company]] [[Nissan Motor Company]] [[PSA Peugeot Citroën]] [[Renault]] [[Suzuki]] [[Toyota]] [[Volkswagen]] [[Ford Model T]] [[Volkswagen Beetle]] [[Toyota Corolla]] [[VAZ-2101]] {{Div col end}} ===Silaha=== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Silaha]] [[Chariot]] [[Stealth technology]] [[Tank]] [[Torpedo]] [[War elephant]] [[Ammunition]] [[Cartridge (firearms)]] [[Gunpowder]] [[Arrow]] [[Bullet]] [[Caliber]] [[Armour]] [[Bulletproof vest]] [[Combat helmet]] [[Helmet]] [[Mail (armour)]] [[Plate armour]] [[Ngao]] [[Bomu]] [[Cluster munition]] [[Improvised explosive device]] [[Hand grenade]] [[Land mine]] [[Missile]] [[Greek fire]] [[Molotov cocktail]] [[Napalm]] [[Nunchaku]] [[Bayonet]] [[Battle axe]] [[Dagger]] [[Épée]] [[Katana]] [[Knife]] [[Rapier]] [[Sabre]] [[Spear]] [[Sword]] [[Tomahawk (axe)]] [[Club (weapon)]] [[Firearm]] [[Assault rifle]] [[AK-47]] [[Bastola]] [[Machine gun]] [[Uzi]] [[Rifle]] [[Artillery]] [[Battering ram]] [[Cannon]] [[Howitzer]] [[Mortar (weapon)]] [[Military aircraft]] [[Bomber]] [[Fighter aircraft]] [[Attack aircraft]] [[Battleship]] [[Aircraft carrier]] [[Dreadnought]] [[Dromon]] [[Galley]] [[Submarine]] [[Capital ship]] [[Ship of the line]] [[Trireme]] [[Warship]] [[Ballista]] [[Boomerang]] [[Bow and arrow]] [[Catapult]] [[Crossbow]] [[Musket]] [[Shotgun]] [[Sling (weapon)]] [[Weapon of mass destruction]] [[Biological warfare]] [[Chemical weapon]] [[Nuclear weapon]] [[Thermonuclear weapon]] {{Div col end}} ==[[Hisabati]]== {{Div col|cols=4}} [[Mathematics]] [[Mathematician]] [[Arithmetic]] [[Addition]] [[Division (mathematics)]] [[Euclidean algorithm]] [[Fraction (mathematics)]] [[Modular arithmetic]] [[Multiplication]] [[Asilimia]] [[Subtraction]] [[Conjecture]] [[Mathematical constant]] [[0 (number)]] [[1 (number)]] [[−1 (number)]] [[Pi]] [[e (mathematical constant)]] [[Numerical digit]] [[Equation]] [[Equation solving]] [[Polynomial]] [[Quadratic equation]] [[System of linear equations]] [[Series (mathematics)]] [[Factorial]] [[Gamma function]] [[Formula]] [[Function (mathematics)]] [[Exponentiation]] [[Exponential function]] [[Function composition]] [[Logarithm]] [[Square root]] [[Hilbert's problems]] [[Namba]] [[Namba changamano]] [[Imaginary number]] [[Integer]] [[Irrational number]] [[Natural number]] [[Rational number]] [[Real number]] [[Positional notation]] [[Arabic numerals]] [[Binary number]] [[Decimal]] [[Namba za Kiroma]] [[Theorem]] [[Pythagorean theorem]] [[Trigonometria]] [[Inverse trigonometric functions]] [[Trigonometric functions]] [[Hyperbolic function]] [[Variable (mathematics)]] [[Constant (mathematics)]] [[Golden ratio]] [[Multiplication table]] [[Algebra]] [[Abstract algebra]] [[Algebraic topology]] [[Sheaf (mathematics)]] [[Associative property]] [[Commutative algebra]] [[Commutative property]] [[Distributive property]] [[Field (mathematics)]] [[Fundamental theorem of algebra]] [[Group (mathematics)]] [[Abelian group]] [[Classification of finite simple groups]] [[Fundamental group]] [[Group representation]] [[Group theory]] [[Homological algebra]] [[Isomorphism]] [[Module (mathematics)]] [[Representation theory]] [[Ring theory]] [[Commutative ring]] [[Field theory (mathematics)]] [[Galois theory]] [[Ring (mathematics)]] [[Algebraic geometry]] [[Algebraic variety]] [[Boolean algebra]] [[Elementary algebra]] [[Linear equation]] [[Inequality]] [[Linear algebra]] [[Gaussian elimination]] [[Matrix (mathematics)]] [[Determinant]] [[Eigenvalues and eigenvectors]] [[Vector space]] [[Euclidean vector]] [[Cross product]] [[Dot product]] [[Multilinear algebra]] [[Mathematical analysis]] [[Complex analysis]] [[Cauchy's integral formula]] [[Euler's formula]] [[Euler's identity]] [[Holomorphic function]] [[Riemann surface]] [[Functional analysis]] [[Harmonic analysis]] [[Fourier analysis]] [[Fourier series]] [[Fourier transform]] [[Numerical analysis]] [[Mathematical optimization]] [[Riemann sphere]] [[Calculus]] [[Fundamental theorem of calculus]] [[Differential calculus]] [[Derivative]] [[Differential equation]] [[Ordinary differential equation]] [[Integral]] [[Laplace transform]] [[Multivariable calculus]] [[Multiple integral]] [[Partial derivative]] [[Laplace's equation]] [[Partial differential equations]] [[Vector calculus]] [[Taylor series]] [[Calculus of variations]] [[Infinity]] [[Limit (mathematics)]] [[Limit of a sequence]] [[Sequence]] [[Fibonacci number]] [[Real analysis]] [[Approximation theory]] [[Discrete mathematics]] [[Combinatorics]] [[Permutation]] [[Graph theory]] [[Four color theorem]] [[Graph (mathematics)]] [[Mathematical logic]] [[Axiom]] [[Computability theory]] [[Computable function]] [[Gödel's incompleteness theorems]] [[Mathematical induction]] [[Mathematical proof]] [[Propositional calculus]] [[Set theory]] [[Axiom of choice]] [[Cantor's theorem]] [[Empty set]] [[Equivalence relation]] [[Naive set theory]] [[Russell's paradox]] [[Set (mathematics)]] [[Jiometri]] [[Analytic geometry]] [[Angle]] [[Congruence (geometry)]] [[Coordinate system]] [[Cartesian coordinate system]] [[Polar coordinate system]] [[Differential geometry]] [[Atiyah–Singer index theorem]] [[Dimension (mathematics and physics)]] [[Umbali]] [[Area]] [[Urefu]] [[Volume]] [[Plane (geometry)]] [[Three-dimensional space]] [[Two-dimensional space]] [[Euclidean geometry]] [[Euclidean space]] [[Fractal]] [[Mandelbrot set]] [[Hilbert space]] [[Line (geometry)]] [[Metric space]] [[Non-Euclidean geometry]] [[Parallel (geometry)]] [[Point (geometry)]] [[Riemannian geometry]] [[Similarity (geometry)]] [[Symmetry]] [[Tensor]] [[Topology]] [[Compact space]] [[Euler characteristic]] [[General topology]] [[Homology]] [[Homotopy]] [[Knot theory]] [[Manifold]] [[Open set]] [[Poincaré conjecture]] [[Topological space]] [[Umbo]] [[Conic section]] [[Circle]] [[Ellipse]] [[Parabola]] [[Hyperbola]] [[Polygon]] [[Hexagon]] [[Pentagon]] [[Quadrilateral]] [[Parallelogram]] [[Rectangle]] [[Rhombus]] [[Mraba]] [[Trapezoid]] [[Pembetatu]] [[Reuleaux triangle]] [[Polyhedron]] [[Cube]] [[Prism (geometry)]] [[Pyramid (geometry)]] [[Sphere]] [[Convex set]] [[Applied mathematics]] [[Information theory]] [[Information entropy]] [[Category theory]] [[Category (mathematics)]] [[Commutative diagram]] [[Dynamical system]] [[Nonlinear system]] [[Chaos theory]] [[Control theory]] [[Game theory]] [[Number theory]] [[Algebraic number theory]] [[Algebraic number field]] [[Class field theory]] [[Analytic number theory]] [[Riemann hypothesis]] [[Diophantine equation]] [[Fermat's Last Theorem]] [[Fundamental theorem of arithmetic]] [[Prime number]] [[Prime number theorem]] [[Operations research]] [[Pure mathematics]] [[Theoretical computer science]] [[Computational complexity theory]] [[Theory of computation]] [[Linear programming]] [[Nonlinear programming]] [[P versus NP problem]] [[Principal component analysis]] [[Econometrics]] [[Probability and statistics, 45]] [[Probability]] [[Probability theory]] [[Bayes' theorem]] [[Central limit theorem]] [[Expected value]] [[Law of large numbers]] [[Markov chain]] [[Probability density function]] [[Probability distribution]] [[Binomial distribution]] [[Chi-squared distribution]] [[Exponential distribution]] [[Normal dist]] [[Distribution]] [[Multivariate normal distribution]] [[Pareto distribution]] [[Poisson distribution]] [[Student's t-distribution]] [[Uniform distribution (continuous)]] [[Uniform distribution (discrete)]] [[Probability space]] [[Stochastic process]] [[Takwimu]] [[Bayesian inference]] [[Chi-squared test]] [[Correlation and dependence]] [[Linear regression]] [[Margin of error]] [[Mean]] [[Arithmetic mean]] [[Median]] [[Maximum likelihood]] [[Mode]] [[P-value]] [[Random variable]] [[Regression analysis]] [[Standard deviation]] [[Standard error]] [[Statistical hypothesis testing]] [[Student's t-test]] [[Variance]] [[Design of experiments]] [[Randomized controlled trial]] [[Survey methodology]] [[Statistical population]] [[Sampling (statistics)]] {{Div col end}} rqe3yvoflgsftq2pd6extk8353tirtf Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala 3 1931 1241027 1240851 2022-08-08T12:42:03Z Idd ninga 30188 /* Msaada Kuhusu Viungo */ Reply wikitext text/x-wiki *Je unapenda kuongeza makala kuhusu Tanzania? Nenda hapa ukachague: [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala/List Category Tanzania en|'''List Category Tanzania en''']] *Ukipenda kupanusha wikipedia yetu kwa jumla, angalia mapengo hapa: [[Mtumiaji:Kipala/makala 10000|Makala 10,000]] *Tazama pia kurasa za muda: [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala/viungo vya mwili|Viungo vya mwili]] na [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala/makala 100|makala 100]]! '''Majadiliano ya awali yamehamishwa kwenye kurasa za Hifadhi ya Nyaraka'''{{archive box collapsible| *[[User:Kipala/Archive 1|Hifadhi ya Nyaraka 1: 2006/2007]] *[[User:Kipala/Archive 2|Hifadhi ya Nyaraka 2: Novemba 2006 - Februari 2008]] *[[User:Kipala/Archive 3|Hifadhi ya Nyaraka 3: Februari - Aprili 2008]] *[[User:Kipala/Archive 4|Hifadhi ya Nyaraka 4: Mei - Julai 2008]] *[[User:Kipala/Archive 5|Hifadhi ya Nyaraka 5: Julai - 15 Disemba 2008]] *[[User:Kipala/Archive 6|Hifadhi ya Nyaraka 6: 15 Disemba 2008 - 20 Machi 2009]] *[[User:Kipala/Archive 7|Hifadhi ya Nyaraka 7: hadi mwisho wa 2009]] *[[User:Kipala/Archive 8|Hifadhi ya Nyaraka 8: Januari 2010 - 6 Desemba 2010]] *[[User:Kipala/Archive 9|Hifadhi ya Nyaraka 9: 6 Desemba 2010 - Desemba 2012]] *[[User:Kipala/Archive 10|Hifadhi ya Nyaraka 10: Januari 2013 - Desemba 2015]] *[[User:Kipala/Archive 11|Hifadhi ya Nyaraka 11: Mwaka 2016]] *[[User:Kipala/Archive 12|Hifadhi ya Nyaraka 12: Mwaka 2017-2018]] *[[User:Kipala/Archive 13|Hifadhi ya Nyaraka 13: Mwaka 2019]] }} <big>'''Ongeza chako chini kabisa!'''</big> == Kuhusu Wikipedia kwa simu == Watu wengi wako Afrika wanasoma wikipedia kwa simu. Wanaweza kuhusu kwa simu pia? https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Translating:WikimediaMobile '''[[Mtumiaji:Benson Muite|Benson Muite]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Benson Muite|majadiliano]])''' 12:35, 28 Januari 2020 (UTC) :Asante kwa swali, Ndugu Benson. Tuna watumiaji wengi wanaochangia kwa simu. Inawezekana, pia kwa matokeo mazuri. Historia ya makala inaionyesha kwa "tag:Mobile edit". Kwa upande mwingine tuna tatizo hasa kwa watumiaji wapya wakiamua mara moja kubadilisha kitu kidogo au kuongeza hosa, sentensi au neno kwamba hariri zao zina makosa (au:hazina maana) kwa hiyo tunasafisha mara kwa mara. Si rahisi kuunda makala marefu kidogo kwa simu ya mkononi. Lakini uwezekano upo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:55, 28 Januari 2020 (UTC) ::Kutafsiri kwa kutumia msaada kama translatewiki inawezakana pia, mimi mwenyewe ninaitumia siku hizi mara kwa mara. Hata hivyo, watumiaji wapya wanaonywa dhidi yake. Maana inahitaji maarifa na umakini. Ni rahisi kuingiza makala marefu ya Kiingereza katika programu ya aina hii, kusahihisha kidogo makosa ya kwanza na kuihifadhi. Ila tu mara nyingi (hasa kwenye skrini ndogo ya simu) watumiaji wanachoka au hawaoni tena makosa mengine - yanayobaki. Ni kidogo kama samaki hizi zenye sumu zinazopendwa na Wajapani [[en:fugu]] - tamu sana, lakini ole ukisahau kukata sehemu za sumu! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:04, 28 Januari 2020 (UTC) == Kazi nzuri ya uhariri == Habari! Umefanya vyema kuweka kielelezo kwenda [[Mapatano ya Kimataifa dhidi ya Utesaji]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:BlessNathan|BlessNathan]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:BlessNathan|majadiliano]])''' 13:56, 1 Februari 2020 (UTC) == Kuhusu kubadili jina la mtumiaji == Mimi '''Simon waziri msika''' naomba kubadili jina la mtumiaji na liwe 20_savage.Asante amani kwako--'''[[Mtumiaji:Simon waziri msika|Simon waziri msika]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Simon waziri msika|majadiliano]])''' 12:23, 7 Februari 2020 (UTC)'''kipala'''. ==Mashindano ya Uhariri Alfagems== Ndugu, nipo na Magotech kwa ajili ya mashindano yetu. Afadhali usihariri makala zinazoundwa mpaka tutoe tuzo kwa washindi. Asante. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:28, 16 Februari 2020 (UTC) :Usiwe na wasiwasi, naona hiyo baada ya tukio.'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 18:53, 16 Februari 2020 (UTC) ==Ugatuzi Burundi== Ndugu, naona nchi hiyo ndogo imegawiwa sehemu 16 (provinces) ambazo tungeziita wilaya, si mikoa. Hasa kwa sababu kuna ngazi ya juu zaidi ambayo inafaa iitwe mkoa. Unasemaje? Kuhusu masahihisho yangu, nimekuelewa. Nitasubiri zaidi. Hofu yangu ni kusahau baadaye... Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:43, 17 Machi 2020 (UTC) ::Asante, kama wenzetu wa enwiki wako sawa https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi#Subdivisions, zile provinces za Burundi ni ngazi ya kwanza ya ugatuzi wa nchi. Je umeona ngazi ya juu? Menginevyo fanya unavyoona. Nadhani tu ni busara tukianza kutaja kwa kila nchi makala yetu husika, ambayo ni [[Eneo la utawala]]; tafadhali uiangalie, unatumia neno hili zuri "ugatuzi", labda uhamishe lemma kwenda kule. Sasa naona tuktaja mfano "wilaya/mikoa ya Burundi", tuwe na makala fupi inayosema "Wilaya/mikoa ya Burundi" inayoeleza kwa sentensi moja "Wilaya/Mikoa ya Burundi ni ngazi ya kwanza ya ugatuzi wa nchi. Nchi hiyo imegwanywa kwa wilaya/mikoa 17. Wil/Mkoa unagawanywa kwa ....." '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:23, 17 Machi 2020 (UTC) == Tafsiri == Habari! naomba msaada wa tafsriri ya maneno haya : '''Performance of biofilm carriers in anaerobic digestion of sisal leaf waste leachate''' '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 15:41, 2 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ::Kwa nini unataka kuitafsiri? ni jina la makala kuhusu utafiti fulani, haihitaji tafsiri. Ukitaka kuieleza usitafsiri utumie maneno yako. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:25, 2 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ::Labda kitu kama "ufanisi wa (kipagazi ?) cha ukoga hai katika mmeng'enyo anerobi wa kichujuaji cha mikonge" - siridhiki kipagazi (carrier).'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 18:13, 2 Aprili 2020 (UTC) == Masanja == Nmeondoa picha ya Masanja kwa sababu ya mlalamikaji mmoja akisema anaomba kuondolewa kwa picha hiyo. Natafuta picha nyingine. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 03:15, 11 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ::Sawa si picha ya kupendeza sana. Basi kumbuka kufuta faili ya picha yenyewe, maana bado iko. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:57, 11 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ::Naomba maelekezo namna ya kufuta picha. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 06:51, 11 Aprili 2020 (UTC) :::Unafungua picha, utaipata kwa kuingia katika historia ya makala. Katika historia fungua nakala yenye picha, bofya picha, utapata ukurasa wa faili yake. Hapa ukihariri unaweza kufuta nisipokosei. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:28, 11 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ::Ahsante. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 14:06, 11 Aprili 2020 (UTC) Naomba msaada wa kusaidiwa kuhariri makala niliyoanzisha ya Yericko Nyerere. Naomba kusaidiwa kuweka picha yake. Naomba kusaidiwa kuweka mpangilio mzuri kulingana na sheria za Wikipedia ya kiswahili. Mimi ni mgeni sina uzoefu wa kutumia Wikipedia lakini nimeona nianzishe ukurasa wa Yericko ambae ni mwandishi maarufu wa vitabu Afrika Mashariki na Mchambuzi wa Ulinzi na Usalama. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mbutublock|Mbutublock]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mbutublock|majadiliano]])''' 03:58, 9 Septemba 2021 (UTC) == Programmu ya kusafishia sw.wikipedia == Kuna programmu [[en:Wikipedia:CLEANER]], nafikiri inaweza kusaida na Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Programmu ingine ni [[en:Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss]]. Au tunaweza kuandika yetu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Benson Muite|Benson Muite]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Benson Muite|majadiliano]])''' 12:34, 29 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ==Translation request== Hello. Can you translate and upload the articles [[:en:Azerbaijan SSR]] and [[:en:Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan]] in Swahili Wikipedia? They certainly don't need to be long like the English versions. Yours sincerely, '''[[Mtumiaji:Karalainza|Karalainza]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Karalainza|majadiliano]])''' 11:28, 13 Julai 2020 (UTC) ==Kamusi na viongozi wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili== Ndugu, nimeona umefuta sehemu ya mchango wa mwalimu wetu Mengistu kwamba una mashaka nao. Naomba maelezo kidogo. Pia nimeona umeandika idadi ya viongozi wa mradi wetu si halisi kwa sababu miaka ya nyuma tulisita kuondoa wale waliopumzika muda mrefu. Je, hatuwezi sasa kuchukua hatua? Amani kwako!--'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:29, 22 Julai 2020 (UTC) :Kuhusu "Kamusi" nimeona hasa muhimu kuhamisha sehemu kuhusu "Historia" nyuma, maana iliwekwa kabla ya maelezo ya kimsingi kuhusu aina tofauti za kamusi. Inawezekana katika kukata na kubandika tena nilifuta zaidi kuliko jinsi nilivyokusudia. Nitaangalia tena. Sehemu ya historia inajaa makosa mengi, hasa sehemu kuhusu kamusi za Kiswahili. Majina yameharibika mno (Sowahili si jina, wala Smee wala Salt walitunga kamusi, walikusanya maneno kadhaa tu kama mifano ya lugha; "Esteere" ni askofu [[Edward Steere]], "Krafp (1845)" ni [[Ludwig Krapf]]. -- Kifungu chote kuhusu Kigiriki kimenakiliwa kutoka makala [[Kigiriki]] lakini hakina uhusiano na mada ya Kamusi. Niliandika "mashaka" kwa sababu sijakuwa na muda wa masahihisho. ::Kuhusu wakabidhi: sawa, twende! Miaka iliyopita ni hasa Oliver ambaye hakupenda kufuta. Mimi mwenyewe naona kama mtu hakuonekana mwaka mmoja afutwe katika hadhi ya mkabidhi. Wikipedia nyingine zinaangalia pia kama mkabishi anatekeleza shughuli zake au la. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:49, 23 Julai 2020 (UTC) :::Hata mimi naona hivyo: kimya cha mwaka mmoja kiwe kigezo. Tunawashukuru waliofanya kazi, lakini kuwaacha kama majina tu hakuna uhalisia... --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:37, 23 Julai 2020 (UTC) == Foto == Hallo Kipala, Das Foto, das im Artikel zur SGR steht, ist eine Urheberrechtsverletzung und wird demnächst gelöscht. Um zu vermeiden, dass in dem Artikel ein kaputter Bildlink ist, habe ich es durch ein anderes Foto bereits im Vorhinein ersetzt. Würdest du deine Änderung also wieder zurücksetzen – oder alternativ ein anderes Foto nehmen? Viele Grüße, --'''[[Mtumiaji:Jcornelius|Jcornelius]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jcornelius|majadiliano]])''' 22:59, 3 Agosti 2020 (UTC) :Dein Foto ist noch drin im Artikel. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:06, 4 Agosti 2020 (UTC) ::Ich verstehe nicht. Auf welchen Artikel wird verwiesen? Ich sehe kein neues Foto in [[Nzige-jangwa]] (SGR). '''[[Mtumiaji:ChriKo|ChriKo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ChriKo|majadiliano]])''' 14:40, 5 Agosti 2020 (UTC) :::Inahusu [[Reli_ya_SGR_ya_Kenya]]'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:35, 6 Agosti 2020 (UTC) ==Mitaa== Ndugu, naomba uangalie maswali yangu ya leo katima majadiliano ya kurasa mbalimbali. Amani kwenu! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:15, 17 Agosti 2020 (UTC) ::Naona swali lako leo tu. Siwezi kuona tena mabadiliko ya jana. Unamaanisha makala zipi?'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:22, 17 Agosti 2020 (UTC) :Ndiyo, leo, si jana! Ni [[Rutamba]], [[Malunde]] na [[Madume bora]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 17 Agosti 2020 (UTC) ==Naomba kuzirudisha upya na kutoa uthibitisho [[Silent ocean Tanzania]],[[Counsellorsalah]]== [[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] Nimeona sababu iliyotolewa kwa ajili ya ufutaji wa makala hizo mbili, nimejifunza jambo juu ya uundaji wa makala hapa wiki. kama ulivyoelezea kwenye ukurasa wa makala ya ufutaji, nilijaribu kuziingiza enwiki lakini zilikosa mantiki. nipo katika kujifunza kuhariri hapa wiki ili na mimi baadae niweze kuisaidia swwiki katika makala tofauti tofauti. hivyo naomba kuanzisha tena makala hizo mbili ambazo tayari zimefutwa, na kwa sababu ambazo ni sahihi, ila nimefanyia marekebisho sababu ya awali na kufupisha maneno, na kuelezea kile tu ambacho kina uthibitisho. ahsante. '''[[Mtumiaji:molee4real|molee4real]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' == Lambo la Kihansi == habari Kipala, naomba msaada namna ya kutumia google maps kwenye ukurasa wangu wenye jina [[Lambo la Kihansi|tajwa]]. Asante --'''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' 12:44, 18 Septemba 2020 (UTC) :Pia angalia namna ya kutumia "l" na "r". --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:29, 18 Septemba 2020 (UTC) ::Mimi mwenyewe sijaelewa bado namna ya kutumia google map pamoja na misimbo ya majiranukta. ninabahatika wakati mwingine kama tunayo infobox iliyoandaliwa kuwa na majiranukta. Ninafikiri tatizo ni hii: tuna infoboxes kadhaa ambazo ni za zamani kabla ya kusanifishwa kwa infoboxes kwenye enwiki jinsi iivyo. Kama tungempata mtu anayeangalia boxes zetu na zile za kawaida za kimataifa tunagweza kuzitafsiri na kutumia. Nahisi hapa tupange warsha ya pekee kwa njia ya zoom, kwa kuomba msaada wa wale wanaojua nje ya swwiki. Mimi hutumia mbinu wangu: nafungua openstreetmap (shauri ya laiseni ya hakimiliki), nachukua pcha ya skrini, naipeleka programu kama PAINT, naweke alama ya mahali pamoja na matini ya Kiswahili, naipakua kwenda commons, basi nimeunda picha ya ramani ninayotumia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:05, 18 Septemba 2020 (UTC) == We sent you an e-mail == Hello {{PAGENAME}}, Really sorry for the inconvenience. This is a gentle note to request that you check your email. We sent you a message titled "The Community Insights survey is coming!". If you have questions, email surveys@wikimedia.org. You can [[:m:Special:Diff/20479077|see my explanation here]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 18:54, 25 Septemba 2020 (UTC)  ==Idadi ya makala== Ndugu, imekuwaje tangu siku chache idadi ya makala za Kiswahili imekatwa kama 800: toka 60,300 hivi zimebaki 59,500 tu? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:18, 27 Septemba 2020 (UTC) :Swali zuri, nimeiona pia, sijui. Najaribu kuuliza. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:43, 27 Septemba 2020 (UTC) ::Pia nimeona haririo lako la mwisho kuhusu wasomaji wetu: kutoka milioni 4 wamekuwa chini ya 2. Idadi ya mwisho inalingana na ile ya wasomaji kwa nchi, lakini ile ya kwanza ipo katika Wikistat: ina maana gani? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:38, 28 Septemba 2020 (UTC) :::Niliangalia wikistats na kuona namba za milioni 4. Baadaye niliangalia toolforge ambako ni chini ya mio 2. Nimekumbuka nimewahi kuona hii lkn nilishau. Basi ukifungua https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sw.wikipedia.org/reading/total-page-views/normal|bar|2-year|~total|monthly unaona idadi ya kuangaliwa kwa swwiki. Ukibofya "Split by agent type" (ambacho nilisahau) unaona kiasi gani cha watu halisi na kiasi gani cha bots au programu za crawler. Namba ya watu halisi ni sawa na namba inayoonyeshwa pale toolforge https://pageviews.toolforge.org/siteviews/?platform=all-access&source=pageviews&agent=user&start=2019-09&end=2020-08&sites=sw.wikipedia.org. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:44, 28 Septemba 2020 (UTC) == Swahili Wiktionary == Saalam, maneno ambayo yapo kwenye sw wiktionary yana hitilafu kidogo. Maneno ambayo hayafahi kuwepo au katika lugha zingine vinaongezeka, sina uwezo wa kuzitoa kwenye wiktionary tafadhali zitoe, au unipe usaidizi wa jinsi nawezaya kuyatoa maneno hayo.'''[[Mtumiaji:Alvin kipchumba|Alvin kipchumba]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Alvin kipchumba|majadiliano]])''' 12:15, 30 Septemba 2020 (UTC) ::Naona umeanzisha mwenyewe makala ya "kuadhiminisha" ambayo si Kiswahili. Kwa nini? Mimi sina mamlaka pale Wikamusi, ongea na wakabidhi wa pale, unawakuta kwenye ukurasa wa Jumuia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:04, 30 Septemba 2020 (UTC) :::(en) If i can weigh in here, the Swahili Wiktionary is really in a mess and i have been going on trying to fix things. If you can help out in any way with the kamusi or otherwise invite users who might be intrested it would be appreciated. Cheers --'''[[Mtumiaji:Synoman Barris|Synoman Barris]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Synoman Barris|majadiliano]])''' 11:57, 2 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) ::::(en) I was there some days ago. Couldn't do much more since I have a limit access to the site. Though I can fix some error if pointed where!--[[User:Muddyb|''''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''']] [[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|''''Longa'''']] 13:27, 2 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) == Kanisa la Mwenyezi Mungu == I figured, that I could spread the word about [[:en:Eastern Lightning|The Church of Almighty God]] (or "Kanisa la Mwenyezi Mungu" as it's officially called in Swahili), which is also known as Eastern Lightning (or Umeme wa Mashariki). Here are some links to be shared: * https://sw.godfootsteps.org/ * https://sw.kingdomsalvation.org/ * https://bitterwinter.org/what-is-the-church-of-almighty-god/ * https://bitterwinter.org/the-church-of-almighty-god-eastern-lightning-10-false-myths/ * https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkUDnudSY6_KR123N2Yr7mw Do you mind if I make a personal userpage for an English mock-up of a Swahili article on The Church of Almighty God? Thanks for reading. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Apisite|Apisite]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Apisite|majadiliano]])''' 05:26, 2 Novemba 2020 (UTC) :Mpendwa, unachofanya kwenye ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji ni shauri lako, usipoleta matangazo ya kibiashara au haramu au matusi. Ila matini za Kiingereza hazidumu hapa kwenye makala, tunafuta. Pia kama unaweza kutunga makala inayoleta habari halisi, sawa ni kama kila mada. Sieelwei uanchomaanisha ukisema "spread the word"- '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:57, 2 Novemba 2020 (UTC) ==Kundi la whatsapp la wakabidhi== Habari Kipala! Nilipata ujumbe wako. Kundi la whatsapp la wakabidhi ni wazo zuri. Nimepotea whatsapp wiki iliyopita kutokana na changamoto binafsi, natarajia kurejea wiki hii. Nitakutaarifu. Asante. '''[[Mtumiaji:Aneth David (SLU)]]''' [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aneth David (SLU)]] Nimeona majadiliano yenu. Jumapili iliyopita watu mbalimbali walichangia Wikipedia yetu kwa tafsiri za kompyuta. Labda tufikie uamuzi wa moja kwa moja za kuzifuta au kutafsiri upya sehemu ndogo. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:47, 18 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Hamburg== Nimepata ujumbe huo. Naona unakuhusu zaidi wewe. Hello, is it possible to flag the name of the train station Hamburg Dammtor in this map thats shown in the article: Ramani ya mtandao wa kituo cha Hamburg S-Bahn na Dammtor All the names of the stations in this map are flagged in black language, but because this map is also shown in the WP page of Kituo cha Hamburg Dammtor, could you flag the name Hamburg Dammtor in the map of this article in a different colour? Reg, Alex Owah 84.174.183.93 13:43, 17 Desemba 2020 (UTC) --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:47, 18 Desemba 2020 (UTC) == MrWaxwell == I have also blocked this user on several small projects for the same reason as here. I think perhaps it may be time for a global lock. '''[[Mtumiaji:Praxidicae|Praxidicae]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Praxidicae|majadiliano]])''' 15:16, 7 Januari 2021 (UTC) :It is a pity about this guy. For a place like us he could be helpful if he listened, I guess it has to do with his personality/attitude that he is not able to communicate. I have not followed him very much on other wikis, just on the African ones. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 18:29, 7 Januari 2021 (UTC) ==Google Translations== Ndugu, nimepokea leo jibu hili: :[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], If someone translate it by themselves, it's not copyright violation, but if they are doing it using Google translator, then it is a violation as content translated using Google translator is licensed. I am sure this user don't know the Swahali language and they just copied the content from English wiki and used Google translator and pasted it here. I have also [[m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous#Google|translations by User:Sandesh9822]] opened a thread on meta]] to discuss all such articles they created on other wikis. '''[[Mtumiaji:1997kB|1997kB]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:1997kB#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:51, 18 Januari 2021 (UTC) Ni suala linalotusumbua tangu muda mrefu. Kwa nini tusichukue uamuzi wa kufuta kurasa zote za namna hiyo? Pia naomba uangalie talk katika English Wiki kuhusu Same-sex Marriage. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:40, 18 Januari 2021 (UTC) Tafadhali nisaidie kuelewa jambo. Swali linahusu makala gani? Na mtumiaji gani? Na uhusiano na [[:en:Same-sex Marriage]] (sehemu gani ya majadiliano?) ni nini? Ninaelewa kwamba unaona matumizi ya automatic translate bila masahihisho kama usumbufu. Ila kabla ya kuiweka kwenye Whatsapp nisaidie nielewe vizuri zaidi. (maana machoni pangu KAMA tafsiri ya kompyuta inasafishwa vema, kuna matokeo mazuri - mimi mwenyewe natumia mara kwa mara programu ya tafsiri ya komyuta siku hizi, lakini inahitaji kazi!) '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:06, 18 Januari 2021 (UTC) ::Ni ukurasa juu ya [[B. R. Ambedkar]]. Shida ni kwa hawa wasiojua kabisa Kiswahili. Hakuna uhusiano na ndoa za jinsia moja. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:36, 18 Januari 2021 (UTC) :::Sawa nimepeleka, Nimekuunga mkono. Ila naona umeshwekeza kazi sasa si vibaya tena? (tena sidhani ni kweli alichoandika Mtumiaji:1997kB. Copyright si jambo, matokeo mabaya ni jambo.) '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:45, 18 Januari 2021 (UTC) ::::Naomba ujadiliane na huyo [[Mtumiaji:1997kB|1997kB]]. Asante. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:56, 18 Januari 2021 (UTC) ::::Nimeandika hapa https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Miscellaneous#Google_translations_by_User%3ASandesh9822 '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:13, 18 Januari 2021 (UTC) ==Katekesimo== Ndugu, hata mwaka jana nilikuwa na katekesimo ndogo ya Kilutheri kwa Kiswahili iliyoandaliwa na mtu wa Ufini (Popidan?) lakini sasa siioni tena. Ingeweza kutajwa. Shalom. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:40, 14 Februari 2021 (UTC) :Nimeiona tena. Kichwa chake ni "Katekisimo". --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:39, 15 Machi 2021 (UTC) ==Majadiliano: Frozen1== Ndugu, naomba umjibu mchangiaji asiyejua Kiswahili lakini ana nia njema: ameandika katika ukurasa wangu wa majadiliano chini ya kichwa hicho. Asante sana. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:39, 15 Machi 2021 (UTC) ::Sawa.'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:01, 16 Machi 2021 (UTC) ==Majina ya nchi== Suala la majina ya nchi linazidi kusumbua hasa upande wa jamii: Isilandi, Iceland - China, Uchina - Mexico, Meksico, Meksiko n.k. Lini tutakubaliana? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:54, 30 Machi 2021 (UTC) :Nitaipeleka kwenye kundi la wakabidhi. Naona njia tatu: 1) Ama tuendelee jinsi ilivyo kwa kutumia redirect; 2) Au tukubaliane Orodha rasmi (kutoka [[Kamusi Kuu ya Kiswahili|Kamusi Kuu]]??? mimi si rafiki sana wa mapendekezo kwa nchi kadhaa. Tena niko sasa Kenya, sina nakala hapa..). 3) au tupatane kuhusu nchi tu ulizotaja na zinazotajwa kwa wengine kuwa zinasumbua. Nipeleke hoja zote tatu au ipi? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:17, 30 Machi 2021 (UTC) ::Redirect kwa jamii haisaidii, kwa sababu makala hazionekani katika ukurasa ulioelekezwa upya. Afadhali tukubaliane tuwe na namna moja walau kwa jamii. Tuanze na nchi hizo 3, lakini zipo nyingine pia. Salamu kwa Wakenya wote! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:15, 30 Machi 2021 (UTC) ==Makala Yenye Mashaka== Habari Mr Kipala. Kuna hii makala (https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephs_Quartzy) nimejaribu kupitia vyanzo vyake ila nimekuwa na mashaka navyo kama ni vyanzo vya kuaminika moja kwa moja kutumika na kamusi elezo, nimeona vinatoka katika mitandao ambayo mtu anaweza kutengeneza account na kuweka taarifa zake binafsi, unaweza kuitazama zaidi, Amani sana == Matumizi ya wikimedia special:content translation == Habari Kipala, Naomba kuuliza kuhusu matumizi ya wikimedia special:content translation, nilishauriwa kufundisha watu namna ya kuitumia kutoka kwa mtu ambaye anashiriki kikamilifu kuhakikisha kwamba wikimedia special:content translation inatumika. Juzi nilijaribu kuitumia mwenyewe kuona kama itakua na manufaa kwetu nikaona ni kifaa ambacho kingeweza kutufaa sana kama watu watakaokua wanakitumia watakua makini. Naomba kupata mtazamo wako juu ya kifaa hichi kifaa. Na je ni sahihi nikiwafundisha watu kutoka Arusha kutumia? Asante, --'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 10:37, 17 Mei 2021 (UTC) :Ninashauri usubiri kuwafundisha wengine hadi wewe umeitumia mwenyewe kwa makala 10 au 20 (kwa mfano chukua majina mekundu hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtumiaji:Kipala/makala_10000; lazima kwanza kuangalia kama makala iko rayari kwenye swwiki kwa jina tofauti). Mimi ninaitumia mwenyewe mara kwa mara. Hitilafu bado ziko kupeleka tanbihi upande wa Kiswahili (kifaa kinaingiza mara kwa mara msimbo wa '''<nowiki><nowiki></nowiki>''' pasipotakiwa), halafu inatafsiri marejeo yasiyotakiwa kutafsiriwwa kama jina la makala au jina la kitabu au hata majina ya watu. Kuna sehemu kama fomula au jedwali ambako matokeo yanaweza kuwa vibaya, na hapo una hitaji kusahihisha baadaye. Kuhusu matini yenyewe ni matatizoy a kawaida ya tafsiri ya kompyuta kama kwenye google. Yaani progarmu inakupa matini mfululizo ya maneno ya Kiswahili ambayo bado si Kiswahili; maar kwa mara tafsiri ni kosa, unahitaji kubadilisha maneno. Pia muundo wa sentensi mara kwa mara inakosea. Infanya kiasi kizuri ukiwa na makala fupi yenye sentensi fupi. Ningeikataza kwa matini ndefu kwa sababu hapa uchovu wa mhariri utaingia na matokeo ni mabaya. Ukiwa na wahariti wenye uzoefu (si chini ya 200 edits) unaweza kujaribu. Kwa wageni usifanye. - Ni nani aliyekushauri ufundishe watu? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:40, 17 Mei 2021 (UTC) == GFDL == Hi! I made a suggestion at [[Majadiliano ya MediaWiki:Licenses]] but it is probably not a page that many users notice. Could you have a look or give me a link to a better page to make the suggestion? --'''[[Mtumiaji:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MGA73|majadiliano]])''' 10:37, 28 Mei 2021 (UTC) : Hi! Do you have any further questions related to my suggestion? Or do you just wait and see if other users would like to comment? --'''[[Mtumiaji:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MGA73|majadiliano]])''' 12:07, 3 Julai 2021 (UTC) == Can you help me correct an article? Thank you! == Hello, {{Ping|Kipala}}! I wrote an article on Andrea Benetti, a well-known Italian artist https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Benetti_(artist). I used the automatic translator to make a draft https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtumiaji:BarbaraLuciano13 . Could you help me correct the text and add the infobox with the photo at the beginning and the categories at the bottom? Unfortunately I don't know the language and I am not able to do it ... Thanks for what you can do, see you soon, --'''[[Mtumiaji:BarbaraLuciano13|BarbaraLuciano13]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:BarbaraLuciano13|majadiliano]])''' 09:10, 19 Juni 2021 (UTC) == Request writing about Isabelle de Charrière (Q123386) == Helo Kipala, Would you like to write / translate about Isabelle de Charrière (Q123386) for the SW Wikipia? That would be appreciated. '''[[Mtumiaji:Boss-well63|Boss-well63]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Boss-well63|majadiliano]])''' 13:14, 23 Agosti 2021 (UTC) == Location za Kenya - vijiji au kata? == Naona unahariri locations za Kenya ukiziita "kijiji". Nisipokosei hizo ni zaidi kata kuliko "vijiji". Nimekutumia faili ambako nimeorodhesha majina kutoka faili ya sensa; nadhani nimefaulu kutenganisha ngazi mbalimbali jinsi ilivyoandikwa kule. Nisipokosei, kuna County - subcounty - division - location - sublocation ambazo zinalingana na Mkoa - wilaya - tarafa - kata - kijiji. Au unaonaje? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 15:28, 10 Septemba 2021 (UTC) :Ndugu, nimeshamaliza kuandika makala kwa kata (wards) zote za Kenya kupitia vitabu vya sensa. Vijiji ambavyo mpaka sasa havina ukurasa, maana yake si kata au kata imeanzishwa baada ya sensa. Nadhani msamiati wa hapo juu una tofauti kati ya Kiingereza na Kiswahili, labda ni kwa ajili ya utekelezaji wa sensa. Nimeona umebadilisha ukurasa juu ya kijiji cha Suam, lakini ungesoma kwanza [[Suam|ukurasa juu ya maana mbalimbali za jina hilo]] ungeona kuna kijiji cha Suam katika kaunti moja na kata ya Suam katika kaunti nyingine. Kwa vyovyote kata nyingi zina jina la kijiji chake kimojawapo. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:28, 12 Septemba 2021 (UTC) ==Koloni== Ndugu, tuliwahi kuongelea neno hilo, kwamba toleo la pili la KKS lilikuchanganya kulipanga katika ngeli i-zi (kama koloni kwa maana ya nuktambili), lakini sasa umeanza kubadilisha matini yetu kufuata kosa hilo ambalo toleo la tatu la KKS limelirekebisha, na kulingana na kamusi nyingine zote. Afadhali neno "vita" ambalo kweli baadhi ya watu wanalipanga katika ngeli i-zi, ingawa kamusi zote zinaelekeza kulitumia kama ki-vi au vi peke yake. Ndiyo maana mimi nimeacha kurekebisha "vita ya", lakini vilevile singependa kuona unabadilisha "vita vya". Tuache zote mbili, halafu watoto wetu watafikia mwafaka. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:47, 23 Septemba 2021 (UTC) :Basi nisamehe, ni kweli tuache hayo mawili kandokando. Nilikumbuka tulijadiliana, sijakumbuka matokeo, nikaangalia KKS3 , ambayo inapanga neno kwenye i/zi. Ila naona sasa TUKI Kiing-Kisw inatumia ji/ma. Nilidhani katika ile makala ni kosa langu la zamani. Sasa, nitajitahidi kukumbuka, tusipoteze muda wetu juu ya hayo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:47, 23 Septemba 2021 (UTC) ==Kiswahili cha Kikongo== Ndugu, Wakongo wanachangia Wikipedia yetu kwa Kiswahili cha kwao, kama huyo CapitainAfrika. Tufanye nini? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:55, 22 Novemba 2021 (UTC) :Subiri, niangalie (badi njiani kurudi toka Nbi) '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:39, 22 Novemba 2021 (UTC) ::: Tulikuwa na yafuatayo kwenye telegram:Ingo Koll, [22/11/2021 20:45] ::: Wapendwa, napata ujumbe kutoka Riccardo anayeuliza: ::: “Ndugu, Wakongo wanachangia Wikipedia yetu kwa Kiswahili cha kwao, kama huyo CapitainAfrika. Tufanye nini? --Riccardo Riccioni (majadiliano) 06:55, 22 Novemba 2021 (UTC)” Nikimwangalia napata: https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:Michango/CapitainAfrika ::: Hadi sasa ameleta machahce, pamoja na: https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavua_Ntinu_Andr%C3%A9 ::: Naona changamoto kweli. Tufanyeje? Upande moja nafurahia, maana Kongo itakuwa eneo ambako Kiswahili kitakua zaidi (ni lugha rasmi na lugha kuu kwenye mashariki mwa nchi). Upande mwingine alicholeta – sijui tumwambie hakikubaliki?? Ingo Koll, [22/11/2021 20:50] ::: Czeus Clement Masele Wikiadmin, [22/11/2021 21:56] [In reply to Ingo Koll] Sawa ::: Christiaan Kooyman, [22/11/2021 23:48] [In reply to Ingo Koll] Tusiwakatie Wakongo tamaa sana. Tuwasihi tu wajifunze Kiswahili Sanifu. Kwa sasa, tutaboresha Kiswahili cha makala zao, kama nilivyofanya na makala André Bavua Ntinu. ::: Ingo Koll, [24/11/2021 23:05] Kama hakuna zaidi, mnaonaje tukimwambia asipeleke mambo yake kwenye article space moja kwa moja, bali kwanza katika nafasi ya binafsi, halafu aswailiane na mmoja wa hapa? Nani pamoja na Chriko anajitolea kumwongoza? ==Jamii:Wanamichezo au Wachezaji?== Tuwe na namna moja: unaonaje? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:00, 24 Novemba 2021 (UTC) :Sina uhakika, je kila mwanariadha ni mechazji pia? Wale wa mpira na kwa jumla wote kwenye timu ni wachezaji; kwa Kiingereza pia "mechezaji" wa gulf. Lakini yule anayeruka mbali au juu? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:10, 24 Novemba 2021 (UTC) :Naomba uwashirikishe wengine kabla hatujaendelea kwa fujo, tusije tukahitaji kupoteza muda mwingi baadaye kuweka mambo sawa. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:10, 5 Desemba 2021 (UTC) ==Wkamahiriki wa sauti== Nimekuta mara nyingi maneno hayo katika kurasa za filamu: mtumiaji alitaka kusema watu hai wanaotumia sauti yao kwa wahusika wa katuni. Lakini ni wazi kwamba neno halikai sawa... --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:10, 5 Desemba 2021 (UTC) :Ndugu, hujanijibu. Pia naomba tuendelee kujadiliana kuhusu msamiati wa kompyuta (tovuti n.k.) na tafsiri za Wiki ya Kishia. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:31, 30 Desemba 2021 (UTC) ::Samahani, nilibanwa kidogo sijaona ukurasa wangu. Kuhusu "wkamahiriki" sijaelewa, labda nieleza kwa upana zaidi? Kuhusu makala za Wiki ya Kishia: nina wasiwasi; yaani anatafsiri neno kwa neno. Je ni jambo la katimiliki??? Nilimwandikia na kumshauri asiendelee vile. Naona makala ni kidhehebu mno. Basi nitapeleka swali Telegram.'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:49, 31 Desemba 2021 (UTC) :::Neno hilo la ajabu limeandikwa katika kurasa nyingi za filamu za katuni kuhusu waigizaji waliotoa sauti yao kwa wahusika. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:23, 1 Januari 2022 (UTC) ::::Nimeandika leo kwenye telegramu: Hamjambo wote naomba ushauri. Makala 19 zinatumia neno"Wkamahiriki" kwa ajili ya waigizaji wanaotoa sauti kwa wahusika katika filamu za katuni. Naona ni kosa lililonakiliwa na watu mbalimbali. Je kuna neno la kufanana linalotaja yale yanayolengwa? Kwa Kiingereza ni "voice actor". '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:33, 1 Januari 2022 (UTC) ==[[Qasem Soleimani]]== Ndugu, Muzney Muhammad anazidi kusema ukurasa huu una makosa na uongo mwingi na amejaribu mara mbili kuleta ukurasa mpya wenye tahajia tofauti ili kufuata Wiki ya Shia. Mimi nimeshindwa kumuelewa. Labda uwasiliane naye wewe. Asante sana. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:02, 4 Januari 2022 (UTC) == How we will see unregistered users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> </div> 18:19, 4 Januari 2022 (UTC)  ==Miji ya Burkina Faso== Pole, ndugu, umerudia kazi ileile. Mwezi uliopita ulitunga ukurasa juu ya miji ya Burkina Faso, na leo tena... Tofauti ni hasa herufi M ya miji.... --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:16, 8 Januari 2022 (UTC) == omba kuhariri == Tafadhali ongeza: <nowiki>(alama: [[file:Earth symbol (fixed width).svg|16px|🜨]])</nowiki> kwa [[Dunia]]. Asante! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kwamikagami|Kwamikagami]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kwamikagami|majadiliano]])''' 06:12, 26 Januari 2022 (UTC) == Vifaa == Habari yako Kipala, kwa muda mrefu nimeshakua nikifanya kazi kutengeneza Hotcat kwenye wikipedia ya swahili. (en) Due to technical terms let me switch to English, Hotcat is a tool that enables one to easily add and categories( jamii) easily. I have localised it and even tested it and it seems to work properly. Since your an interface admin would it be possible to make it a gadget here? source code is at user:synoman barris/common.js --'''[[Mtumiaji:Synoman Barris|Synoman Barris]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Synoman Barris|majadiliano]])''' 12:25, 6 Februari 2022 (UTC) ==Block== Ndugu, kwa mara ya pili napata shida kuhifadhi interwiki links nikiwa redioni. Inaonekana Martin Urbanrc amezuia akaunti kadhaa jirani na hii. Nifanye nini? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:12, 10 Februari 2022 (UTC) :Sielewi vema. Martin Urbanec ni nani? Afadhali tuma link nione tatizo linatokea wapi. Kuhusu mitiki nakutuma sasa email ya contacts 2 zilizofanya feedback hadi sasa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:24, 10 Februari 2022 (UTC) ::Nadhani nimempata. Umwandikie hapa https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec. Je unajua URL husika ya redio ni nini? Kama ameblock umwombe aeleze, (nitumie kopi) na aondoe. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:38, 10 Februari 2022 (UTC) :::Shida inaendelea bado. Mbali ya hiyo, hawa wachangiaji wapya wanaoshindana kutunga makala wanaandika mambo ya ajabuajabu. Wanaweka mchezaji mwanamume Mkenya katika jamii za Wanawake wa Tanzania n.k. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:05, 13 Machi 2022 (UTC) == Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? == Hi! {{ping|User:Kipala}} The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. Please vote and encourage other editors of Swahili Wikipedia to also vote. Regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 12:11, 11 Machi 2022 (UTC) ==Msaada Kuhusu Viungo== Salamu, ni kwa namna gani tunaweza kubadili viungo ambavyo tayari vimewekwa kimakosa na kuunganishwa na lugha ya kiingereza, mfano katika makala hii hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serengeti_Afrika_(filamu) , naona makala ya Kiswahili ni Kiingereza maudhui yapo tofauti, Amani Sana, '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 21:46, 7 Agosti 2022 (UTC) :Nimeongeza maelezo kwenye Mwongozo. Utafute "msaada:Interwiki" halafu jaribi kufuata maelezo, tuone kama yanatosha.'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:56, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ::Nimefaulu, Asante sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 12:42, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) qr2yewikb8v7k0ofu4wgk7bc50xxc2k Chad 0 2012 1241314 1227230 2022-08-09T06:48:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.9 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="330px" style="margin-left:15px; border-collapse:collapse; border-color:#f2f2f4" |+'''Jamhuri ya Chad''' (Kiswahili) '''Jumhuriyyat Tshad''' | align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="50%" | [[Picha:Flag of Chad.svg|165px|Bendera ya Chad]] | align="center" width="50%" | [[Picha:Coat of arms of Chad.svg|165px|Nembo ya Chad]] |---- | align="center" | ([[Bendera ya Chad]]) | align="center" | ([[Nembo ya Chad]]) |}  |---- | [[Lugha rasmi]] || [[Kiarabu]], [[Kifaransa]] |---- | [[Mji Mkuu]] || [[N'Djamena]] |---- | Mji Mkubwa || [[N'Djamena]] |---- | [[Serikali]] || [[Jamhuri]] |---- | [[Rais]] || Vacant |---- | [[Eneo]] || [[km²]] 1,284,000 |---- | [[Idadi ya wakazi]] || 13,670,084 (2015) |---- | [[Wakazi kwa km²]] || 11 |---- | [[Uchumi]] nominal || Bilioni $11 |---- | [[Uchumi]] kwa kipimo cha umma || $890 |---- | [[Pesa]] || [[CFA frank (XFA)]] (Frank ya Afrika ya Kati) |---- | Kaulimbiu || "Umoja, Kazi, Maendeleo" |---- | [[Wimbo wa Taifa]] || ''Nyimbo ya Chad'' [[File:La Tchadienne (instrumental).ogg]]</center> |---- | colspan="2" align="center"| [[Picha:Chad (orthographic projection).svg|250px|Chad katika Afrika]] |---- | Saa za Eneo || UTC +1 |---- | Mtandao || .td |---- | Kodi ya Simu || +235 |} '''Chad''' (pia: '''Chadi''') ni [[nchi huru]] iliyoko [[Afrika ya Kati]]. Imepakana na [[Libya]], [[Sudan]], [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Kamerun]], [[Nigeria]] na [[Niger]]. [[Mji mkuu]] ni [[Ndjamena]]. == Jiografia == [[Picha:Cd-map.png|thumb|left|Ramani ya nchi.]] Sehemu kubwa ya eneo lake ni [[jangwa]] na [[nchi yabisi]]. Kusini kuna [[kanda]] lenye [[hali ya hewa]] ya [[kitropiki]], lakini [[ardhi]] yenye [[rutuba]] inayofaa kwa [[kilimo]] ni [[asilimia]] 3 tu za eneo lake lote . Kaskazini kuna [[milima]] ya [[Tibesti]]. Katikati liko [[beseni]] la [[Chad (ziwa)|ziwa Chad]] lililokuwa kati ya ma[[ziwa]] makubwa kabisa duniani lakini limepungua sana, hasa mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 20]]. == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Chad}} Katika [[milenia ya 7 KK]] kulikuwa na watu wengi sana katika beseni hiyo. Katika [[historia]] kabla ya [[ukoloni]] watu wa kaskazini waliwafanyia [[vita]] watu wa kusini na kuteka wafungwa kama [[watumwa]]. Hivyo hadi leo uhusiano kati ya kusini na kaskazini ya nchi ni mgumu. Tangu mwaka 2003 [[petroli]] imekuwa inaongoza kati ya [[bidhaa]] zinazopelekwa nje ya nchi badala ya [[pamba]]. Tangu [[mwaka]] huo [[Mgogoro wa Darfur]] nchini Sudan umevuka mpaka na kuvuruga Chad pia. Ikiwa kati ya nchi zinazoongoza [[duniani]] kwa [[ufukara]] na [[ufisadi]], ilipata shida kupokea [[wakimbizi]] kwa mamia elfu. Ingawa kulikuwa na [[Chama cha kisiasa|vyama vingi vya siasa]] na mapigano ya kisiasa pamoja na majaribio ya [[mapinduzi]], [[mamlaka]] ilibaki imara [[Mikono|mikononi]] mwa [[Rais]] Déby na chama chake, Patriotic Salvation Movement, hadi alipouawa mwaka 2021. == Watu == [[File:Ouaddaian girl from Chad.jpg|thumb|right|Msichana wa mkoa wa [[Ouaddaï]].]] Wakazi walikuwa 15,500,000 mwaka [[2018]]. Jinsi ilivyo katika nchi mbalimbali za kanda la [[Sahel]] kuna aina mbili za wakazi ndani yake: * Kaskazini wako hasa watu walioathiriwa sana na [[utamaduni]] wa [[Uislamu]] (55% za wakazi wote<ref name="Pew Muslims">{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/table-muslim-population-by-country/|title=Table: Muslim Population by Country|publisher=Pew Research Center|accessdate=16 April 2018}}</ref>, wengi wakiwa [[Wasuni]]<ref name="pew128">{{cite web | url=http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Muslim/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf | title=The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity | accessdate=2 June 2014 | date=9 August 2012 | publisher=Pew Forum on Religious & Public life | pages=128–129 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024125551/http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Muslim/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf | archive-date=24 October 2012 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all | archivedate=2012-10-24 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024125551/http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Muslim/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf }}</ref>). Mifano ni [[Waarabu]] (12.3%), [[Wafulbe]], [[Wahaussa]], [[Wazaghawa]] na wengineo. Wengi wao walikuwa [[wafugaji]] na sehemu ya ma[[kabila]] inaendelea hadi leo [[maisha ya kuhamahama]]. * Kusini wako hasa watu wanaofuata [[Ukristo]] (41%, [[Wakatoliki]] wakiwa wengi kidogo kuliko [[Waprotestanti]]<ref name="Pew Christians">{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/table-christian-population-as-percentages-of-total-population-by-country/|title=Table: Christian Population as Percentages of Total Population by Country|publisher=Pew Research Center|accessdate=16 April 2018}}</ref>) au [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]] (1%) kama [[Wasara]] (27.7%). Wengi wao hulima. Kwa jumla leo kuna ma[[kabila]] zaidi ya 200 nchini, ambayo hutimia [[lugha]] na [[lahaja]] zaidi ya 100 (angalia [[Orodha ya lugha za Chad|orodha ya lugha]] hizo). [[Asili]] yao ni [[Afrika Mashariki]], [[Afrika ya Kati]], [[Afrika Magharibi]] na [[Afrika Kaskazini]] vilevile<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2016|title=Chad Genetic Diversity Reveals an African History Marked by Multiple Holocene Eurasian Migrations|url=|journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics|language=en|volume=99|issue=6|pages=1316–1324|doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.012|pmid=27889059|issn=0002-9297|last1=Haber|first1=Marc|last2=Mezzavilla|first2=Massimo|last3=Bergström|first3=Anders|last4=Prado-Martinez|first4=Javier|last5=Hallast|first5=Pille|last6=Saif-Ali|first6=Riyadh|last7=Al-Habori|first7=Molham|last8=Dedoussis|first8=George|last9=Zeggini|first9=Eleftheria|last10=Blue-Smith|first10=Jason|last11=Wells|first11=R. Spencer|last12=Xue|first12=Yali|last13=Zalloua|first13=Pierre A.|last14=Tyler-Smith|first14=Chris|pmc=5142112}}</ref>. [[Lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kifaransa]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya Chad]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== {{refbegin|colwidth=30em}} * {{fr icon}} Alphonse, Dokalyo (2003); "[http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article235 Cinéma: un avenir plein d'espoir] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130928053358/http://www.cefod.org/archives/spip.php?article235 |date=2013-09-28 }}}}", {{lang|fr|''Tchad et Culture''}} '''214'''. * "[http://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/chad/74122.htm Background Note: Chad]". September 2006. 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{{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article231 |date=20130530061624 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article231 |date=20130530061624 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article231 |date=20130530061624 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article231 |date=20130530061624 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article231 |date=20130530061624 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article231 |date=20130530061624 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article231 |date=20130530061624 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article231 |date=20130530061624 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article231 |date=20130530061624 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article231 |date=20130530061624 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article231 |date=20130530061624 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article231 |date=20130530061624 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article231 |date=20130530061624 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article231 |date=20130530061624 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article231 |date=20130530061624 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article231 |date=20130530061624 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article231 |date=20130530061624 }} * La musique recherche son identité]", ''Tchad et Culture'' '''214'''. * [http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AFR20/004/2001/en "Chad: the Habré Legacy"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AFR20/004/2001/en |date=20150113041028 }}. [[Amnesty International]]. 16 October 2001. * Lange, Dierk (1988). "[http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/UNESCO_III.pdf The Chad region as a crossroad]" (PDF), in ''UNESCO [[General History of Africa]] – Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century'', vol. 3: 436–460. [[University of California Press]]. ISBN 978-0-520-03914-8 * {{fr icon}} [http://www.deltcd.ec.europa.eu/fr/item2_info_docs/Lettre3_a4x10p.pdf {{lang|fr|Lettre d'information}}] (PDF). {{lang|fr|Délégation de la Commission Européenne au Tchad}}. N. 3. September 2004. * Macedo, Stephen (2006); ''Universal Jurisdiction: National Courts and the Prosecution of Serious Crimes Under International Law''. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1950-3 * {{fr icon}} Malo, Nestor H. 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{{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article236 |date=20130530063643 }} * Littérature tchadienne : Jeune mais riche]", ''Tchad et Culture'' '''214'''. * Manley, Andrew; "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4809420.stm Chad's vulnerable president]", BBC News, 15 March 2006. * "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5328462.stm Mirren crowned 'queen' at Venice]", BBC News, 9 September 2006. * {{fr icon}} Ndang, Tabo Symphorien (2005); "[http://www.pep-net.org/fileadmin/medias/pdf/files_events/4th_colombo/PMMA/Ndang-pa.pdf {{Wayback|url=http://www.pep-net.org/fileadmin/medias/pdf/files_events/4th_colombo/PMMA/Ndang-pa.pdf |date=20120512110104 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.pep-net.org/fileadmin/medias/pdf/files_events/4th_colombo/PMMA/Ndang-pa.pdf |date=20120512110104 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.pep-net.org/fileadmin/medias/pdf/files_events/4th_colombo/PMMA/Ndang-pa.pdf |date=20120512110104 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.pep-net.org/fileadmin/medias/pdf/files_events/4th_colombo/PMMA/Ndang-pa.pdf |date=20120512110104 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.pep-net.org/fileadmin/medias/pdf/files_events/4th_colombo/PMMA/Ndang-pa.pdf |date=20120512110104 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.pep-net.org/fileadmin/medias/pdf/files_events/4th_colombo/PMMA/Ndang-pa.pdf |date=20120512110104 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.pep-net.org/fileadmin/medias/pdf/files_events/4th_colombo/PMMA/Ndang-pa.pdf |date=20120512110104 }} {{lang|fr|A qui Profitent les Dépenses Sociales au Tchad? Une Analyse d'Incidence à Partir des Données d'Enquête}}]" (PDF). ''4th PEP Research Network General Meeting''. Poverty and Economic Policy. * {{cite book|ref=Nolutshungu|author=[[Sam Nolutshungu|Nolutshungu, Sam C.]] |year=1995|title=Limits of Anarchy: Intervention and State Formation in Chad|publisher= Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press|isbn=0-8139-1628-3}} * [[Kenneth Pollack|Pollack, Kenneth M.]] (2002); ''Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991''. Lincoln: [[University of Nebraska Press]]. ISBN 0-8032-3733-2 * "[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html Rank Order – Area] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |date=20140209041128 }}". ''The World Factbook''. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 10 May 2007. * "[http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023258.pdf Republic of Chad – Public Administration Country Profile] {{Wayback|url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023258.pdf |date=20070614080558 }}" (PDF). United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. November 2004. * {{fr icon}} {{Cite web |url=http://www.primature-tchad.org/CIRCONSCRIPTIONS.pdf |title={{lang|fr|République du Tchad – Circonscriptions administratives}} |accessdate=2021-01-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703022324/http://www.primature-tchad.org/CIRCONSCRIPTIONS.pdf |archivedate=2007-07-03 }}. [[Government of Chad]]. * Spera, Vincent (8 February 2004);<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/site/imr-ri.nsf/en/gr126314e.html |title="Chad Country Commercial Guide – FY 2005" |accessdate=2021-01-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015073734/http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/site/imr-ri.nsf/en/gr126314e.html |archivedate=2007-10-15 }}. [[United States Department of Commerce]]. </ref> * "[http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/D7238E/D7238E03.htm Symposium on the evaluation of fishery resources in the development and management of inland fisheries]". CIFA Technical Paper No. 2. [[FAO]]. 29 November – 1 December 1972. * {{fr icon}} "[http://www.unesco.org/education/wef/countryreports/tchad/contents.html {{lang|fr|Tchad}}]". {{lang|fr|''L'évaluation de l'éducation pour tous à l'an 2000: Rapport des pays''}}. [[UNESCO]], Education for All. * {{fr icon}} "http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/central-africa/chad/French%20translations/Chad%20Back%20towards%20War%20French.pdf {{Wayback|url=http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/central-africa/chad/French%20translations/Chad%20Back%20towards%20War%20French.pdf |date=20110905003712 }}" (PDF). [[International Crisis Group]]. 1 June 2006. * Wolfe, Adam; {{Wayback |date=20070105160231 |url=http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=592&language_id=1 |title="Instability on the March in Sudan, Chad and Central African Republic" }}, PINR, 6 December 2006. * World Bank (14 July 2006). ''[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20994138~pagePK:34370~piPK:34424~theSitePK:4607,00.html World Bank, Govt. of Chad Sign Memorandum of Understanding on Poverty Reduction]''. [[News release|Press release]]. * ''[http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/wpp2006.htm World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision Population Database]''. 2006. United Nations Population Division. * "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4351076.stm Worst corruption offenders named]", BBC News, 18 November 2005. * Young, Neil (August 2002); ''[http://www.jigsawlounge.co.uk/film/harouninterview.html An interview with Mahamet-Saleh Haroun, writer and director of Abouna ("Our Father")]''. {{refend}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commons}} ; Vya serikali * {{fr}} [http://www.primature-tchad.org/ Serikali ya Chad] {{Wayback|url=http://www.primature-tchad.org/ |date=20140104014553 }} * {{fr icon}} [http://www.presidencetchad.org/ Official presidency site] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-c/chad.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-c/chad.html |date=20090727213910 }} ; Vingine * {{CIA World Factbook link|cd|Chad}} * [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/tdtoc.html Chad country study] from [[Library of Congress]] * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Chad}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13164686 Chad profile] from the [[BBC News]] * {{wikiatlas|Chad}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=TD Key Development Forecasts for Chad] from [[International Futures]] {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Chad]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia Kiarabu]] 4wv9oebeiyd4otflux3y3v8hbm575d8 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita 3 2631 1241162 1114286 2022-08-08T17:00:22Z Aristo Class 19692 wikitext text/x-wiki '''USINIANDIKIE HAPA! SIWEZI KUJIBU.''' ==Translation request== Hello. Can you translate and upload the articles [[:en:Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]] and [[:en:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]] in Swahili Wikipedia? Yours sincerely, '''[[Mtumiaji:Karalainza|Karalainza]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Karalainza|majadiliano]])''' 15:52, 29 Mei 2020 (UTC) ==Seronera & Uwanja wa Ndege== Hi there! Could [[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/tanzania/lake/admin/serengeti/200228__uwanja_wa_ndege/]] it be by any chance the same with Seronera (under a different name)? My guess is, that it is most likely the same place (since Serengeti National Park cannot have many populated areas within the park). Please check and kindly respond. With kindest regards! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Aristo Class|Aristo Class]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aristo Class|majadiliano]])''' 17:00, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) tq7cf67q7ut70x1ekmkxp6uadvw8gs1 Mungu ibariki Afrika 0 2741 1241233 1215281 2022-08-08T19:08:40Z Bestoernesto 23840 /* Historia yake kwa urefu */ Upgrade Eswatini wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Mungu ibariki Afrika Sheet Music.gif|300px|thumb|Noti za muziki wa nyimbo]] [[picha:Sontonga.jpg|thumbnail|right|300px|Enock Sentonga,mtunzi wa wimbo wa Nkosi Sikeleli Afrika]] '''Mungu Ibariki Afrika''' ni [[wimbo wa taifa]] wa [[Tanzania]]. [[Jina]] linatokana na [[Neno|maneno]] yake ya kwanza. [[Asili]] yake ni [[wimbo]] ''[[Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika]]'' wa [[Afrika Kusini]]. [[Enoch Sontonga]] ndiye [[mtunzi]] wake [[mwaka]] [[1897]]. Sehemu ya wimbo huu inatumika pia katika nyimbo za taifa za [[Afrika Kusini]] na [[Zambia]]. Huko nyuma ulitumiwa kama wimbo wa taifa wa [[Zimbabwe]]. '''Mungu ibariki Afrika''' :Mungu ibariki Afrika :Wabariki viongozi wake :Hekima, Umoja na Amani :Hizi ni ngao zetu :Afrika na watu wake KIITIKIO: :Ibariki Afrika :Ibariki Afrika :Tubariki watoto wa Afrika :Mungu ibariki Tanzania :Dumisha Uhuru na Umoja :Wake kwa Waume na Watoto :Mungu ibariki Tanzania na watu wake KIITIKIO: :Ibariki Tanzania :Ibariki Tanzania :Tubariki watoto wa Tanzania ==Historia yake kwa urefu== Wimbo "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika", yaani "God Bless Africa", ulitungwa na Enoch Sontonga, [[Waxhosa|Mxhosa]], [[raia]] wa Afrika Kusini, na baadaye kutafsiriwa na [[kanali]] Moses Nnauye kwenda [[Kiswahili]] kuwa "Mungu ibariki Afrika". Ulikuwa wimbo wa [[African National Congress]] (ANC) walipokuwa wanapambana na [[ukandamizaji]] wa [[Makaburu]]. Pamoja na kutumika katika Afrika Kusini, umeimbwa pia katika nchi nyingine, kwa mfano [[Zimbabwe]] na [[Namibia]], na labda hata [[Botswana]], [[Eswatini]], [[Lesotho]] na [[Malawi]] kwa miaka mingi. Hata kabla ya [[TANU]] (Tanganyika African National Union) kuanzishwa mwaka wa [[1954]], wimbo huo, Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika, ulikuwa unaimbwa Afrika Kusini, kama vile chama cha Afrika Kusini, African National Congress (ANC), kilivyoanzishwa miaka mingi kabla ya chama cha TANU. Kwenye mkutano wa kwanza uliofanyika [[Bloemfontein]] ili kuanzisha chama hicho mwaka wa [[1912]], waliimba Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika. [[Julius Nyerere]] alikuwa bado hajazaliwa. Chama kilichoanzishwa kiliitwa South African Native Congress chini ya uongozi wa [[John Dube]], Mzulu, na Pixley ka I. Seme pia kutoka [[Natal]] kama Dube. Kikabadilishwa jina baadaye na kuitwa African National Congress (ANC). Kuanzia mwaka wa 1925, wana ANC waliuchagua wimbo huo, Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika, kama wimbo wao wa taifa na bado unaimbwa leo. Katika nyimbo za mataifa yetu ya Kiafrika, hakuna wimbo mwingine unaojulikana kama wimbo huo. Hata katika nchi za [[Afrika Magharibi]], watu wengi wanajua Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika ni wimbo gani na unamaanisha nini. Hata [[Kenya]] wanaimba wimbo huo. Unaimbwa na unafahamika katika nchi nyingi hata kaskazini mwa bara hili. Ukienda [[Misri]], [[Algeria]] na nchi nyingine huko, utawakuta watu wengi wanaojua kuhusu Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika. Enoch Sontonga alitoka Eastern Cape Province, jimbo la Waxhosa, ambako pia ni nyumbani kwa [[Nelson Mandela]]. Alitunga wimbo huo kama wimbo wa [[Kanisa]] katika lugha yake ya Kixhosa kama wimbo wa bara lote. Ndiyo maana alisema Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika, God Bless Africa, si God Bless South Africa. Alipotunga wimbo huo mwaka wa 1897, haukuimbwa hadharani mpaka mwaka wa [[1899]]. Uliimbwa kanisani kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka huo. Halafu, baada ya miaka [[kumi na tatu]], uliimbwa kwenye mkutano wa kwanza wa South African Native Congress mwaka wa 1912 uliofanyika Bloemfontein kuanzisha chama hicho kugombea haki za Wafrika. Hata Watanganyika wengi waliokwenda kufanya kazi [[Mgodi|migodini]] Afrika Kusini [[miaka ya 1940]] na [[Miaka ya 1950|1950]] waliujua wimbo huo. Walikuwa wanaimba Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika pamoja na watu wa Afrika Kusini walipokuwa huko na waliporudi [[Tanganyika]]. Watanganyika wengi, mara baada ya kupata [[uhuru]], walikuwa au waliona music sheets za wimbo huo nchini Tanganyika ikiwa na jina la Enoch Sontonga kama ndiye mtunzi wa wimbo huo. Ilikuwa katika lugha mbili, Kiswahili na [[Kiingereza]], na [[kichwa]] chake kilikuwa Mungu Ibariki Afrika, God Bless Africa, yaani Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika. Sikiliza wimbo huo katika [[Youtube]] ambao mmoja wa [[waimbaji]] wake katika [[video]] ni [[Miriam Makeba]]. Ukiusikiliza [[muziki]] wake, hauna tofauti hata kidogo na ule wa wimbo wa taifa, Mungi Ibariki Afrika, au wa wimbo wa taifa wa Zambia. Nyimbo nyingi za Enoch Sontonga zilikuwa nyimbo za [[huzuni]] kuhusu [[maisha]] magumu ya Wafrika chini ya utawala wa [[Wazungu]] waliokuwa wanawakandamiza Wafrika katika bara lote. Wimbo wake, Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika, ulitokana na [[maumivu]] hayo ya Wafrika ingawa pia ulikuwa wimbo wa kuwapa [[tumaini]] kwamba hawako peke yao. [[Mungu]] yuko nao, au yuko nasi, ingawa tunaumia na tunateswa na wanaotutawala kwa mabavu. Wimbo huo, Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika, uliwekwa kwenye sahani ya [[santuri]] kwa mara ya kwanza huko [[London]], mwaka wa [[1923]]. Uliimbwa na Solomon Plaatje, [[mwimbaji]] maarufu wa Afrika Kusini ambaye pia alikuwa mmoja wa Wafrika walioanzisha chama cha South African Native Congress, Bloemfontein, mwaka wa 1912. Ni wimbo wa Watanzania pia kwa sababu Afrika ni moja. Kwa hiyo hawakuiba wala kuazima wimbo huo kwa kuufanya wimbo wa taifa. Ni wa watu wa Afrika Kusini na wa nchi nyingine zote za Afrika vilevile. Utumizi wa wimbo huo unaonyesha [[umoja]] na [[undugu]] wa Waafrika. Ndiyo maana kulikuwa hata vyama vilivyopigania uhuru ambavyo majina yao yalifanana au yalikuwa karibu sana. Kwa mfano, African National Congress (ANC) iliyoundwa Tanganyika na kuongozwa na [[Zuberi Mtemvu]] na [[katibu]] wake mkuu [[John Chipaka]] ilikuwa na jina sawa na la chama cha Afrika Kusini cha akina Mandela. Pia chama cha kwanza kupigania uhuru Northern Rhodesia kilichoongozwa na [[Harry Nkumbula]] kilikuwa kinaitwa African National Congress, na kiliendelea kuitwa hivyo hata baada ya wanachama wengine kuondoka na kuunda chama kingine, United National Independence Party (UNIP), chini ya uongozi wa [[Kenneth Kaunda]]. Kenya kulikuwa na [[Kenya African Union]] (KAU) kabla ya Tanganyika African National Union. Baadaye KAU ikabadili jina kidogo na kuitwa [[KANU]]. Na ndugu zetu Zimbabwe waliunda chama kinachoitwa [[ZANU]] baada ya baadhi yao, pamoja na [[Robert Mugabe]], kuondoka na kuachana na [[ZAPU]]. Majina hayo, katika nchi mbalimbali, yanafanana kwa sababu Waafrika wanajiona na kweli ni ndugu, bila kujali [[kabila]], [[rangi]], [[dini]], au [[asili]]. Pia inaonyesha [[ushirikiano]] wao. Hata [[Uganda]], [[jeshi]] lao ni Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF), jina linalotokana na jina la Tanzania People's Defence Forces (TPDF). ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.cool-midi.com/midi/anthems/tanzania.mid] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cool-midi.com/midi/anthems/tanzania.mid |date=20111013043728 }} {{mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Wimbo wa Taifa]] [[Jamii:Tanzania]] p6jb8m17bqlsiv913fsnse76dc13m0a Eswatini 0 3191 1241430 1240637 2022-08-09T08:06:44Z Bestoernesto 23840 /* Viungo vya nje */ upgrade Link name and position 1 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |native_name = Umbuso weSwatini'' Kingdom of Eswatini |conventional_long_name = |common_name =Uswazi |image_flag = Flag of Eswatini.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Eswatini.svg |image_map =LocationSwaziland.png |national_motto = Siyinqaba ([[Kiswati]]: Sisi ni boma) |national_anthem =''[[Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati]]'' |official_languages =[[Kiingereza]], [[Kiswati]] |capital = serikali: [[Mbabane]] mfalme na bunge: [[Lobamba]] |latd=26 |latm=19 |latNS=S |longd=31 |longm=8|longEW=E |largest_city = [[Mbabane]] |government_type = Ufalme |leader_titles = [[Orodha ya wafalme wa Uswazi|Mfalme]] |leader_title2 = [[Ndlovukati]] |leader_title3 = [[Orodha ya mawaziri wakuu wa Uswazi|Waziri Mkuu]] |leader_names = [[Mswati III wa Uswazi|Mswati III]] |leader_name2 = [[Ntfombi Tfwala]] |leader_name3 = [[Themba N. Masuku]] |area_rank = ya 157 |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area= 17,364 |areami²= 6,704 |percent_water = 0.9 |population_estimate = 1,119,000 |population_estimate_rank = ya 154 |population_estimate_year = Julai 2015 |population_census = 1,018,449 |population_census_year = 2007 |Ethnic_groups = The majority of Swaziland's population is ethnically Swazi, mixed with a small number of Zulu and White Africans, mostly people of British and Afrikaner descent. |Ethnic_groups_year = |population_density = 68.2 |population_densitymi² = 176.8  |population_density_rank = 135 |GDP_PPP =$6.222 billion  |GDP_PPP_rank = ya 149 |GDP_PPP_year=2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $5,500 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =ya 127 |sovereignty_type =[[Uhuru]] |established_events =kutoka [[Uingereza]] |established_dates =[[6 Septemba]] [[1968]] |HDI =0.498 |HDI_rank =ya 147 |HDI_year =2003 |HDI_category =low |currency =[[Lilangeni]] |currency_code =SZL |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = + 2 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |cctld =[[.sz]] |calling_code =268 |footnotes = }} [[Picha:Wz-map.gif|thumb|left|220px|[[Ramani]] ya Eswatini.]] '''Eswatini''' ([[jina]] rasmi tangu [[mwaka]] [[2018]] ni '''Umbuso weSwatini'''; [[kifupi]] cha [[Kiswati]]: '''eSwatini'''<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43821512 Swaziland king renames country 'the Kingdom of eSwatini'], tovuti ya BBC, iliangaliwa Aprili 2018</ref>; kwa [[Kiswahili]] pia: '''Uswazi'''; kwa [[Kiingereza]]: '''Swaziland''') ni nchi ndogo ya [[Kusini mwa Afrika]] isiyo na [[pwani]] katika [[bahari]] yoyote. Imepakana na [[Afrika Kusini]] na [[Msumbiji]]. [[Mji mkuu]] ni [[Mbabane]]. ==Historia== {{main|Historia ya Eswatini}} Wakazi wa kwanza huaminiwa kuwa [[wawindaji]] wa jamii ya [[Wasani]]. Katika [[karne]] za kwanza [[BK]] walifika wahamiaji [[Wabantu]] wenye [[ujuzi]] wa [[kilimo]] na [[uhunzi]]. [[Waswati]] walianzisha [[ufalme]] wao katikati ya [[karne ya 18]] chini ya [[Ngwane III]]; mipaka ya sasa ilikubalika mwaka [[1881]]. Baada ya [[vita]] kati ya [[Waingereza]] na [[Makaburu]], Swaziland ilukuwa [[nchi lindwa]] ya [[Uingereza]] tangu mwaka [[1903]] hadi [[1967]]. Chini ya [[mfalme]] [[Sobhuza II]] aliyetawala kwa muda mrefu sana ([[1921]]-[[1982]]), Swaziland ilipata [[uhuru]] [[tarehe]] [[6 Septemba]] [[1968]]. ==Siasa== Eswatini inatawaliwa tangu mwaka [[1986]] na [[mfalme]] [[Mswati III]]. Mfalme anapingwa mara nyingi kwa sababu anatumia [[pesa]] nyingi kwa ajili yake binafsi ilhali wananchi ni [[maskini]] sana. Kwa muda mwingi wa [[uhuru]] wa nchi [[katiba]] imesimamishwa, na mfalme ametawala peke yake. ==Watu== [[File:A Swati Woman Dancing.jpg|thumb|righgt|Mwanamke kutoka Eswatini akicheza.]] Wakazi wengi ni wa [[kabila]] la [[Waswati]] na kuongea [[lugha]] ya [[Kiswati]] ambacho ni [[lugha rasmi]] pamoja na [[Kiingereza]]. Shuleni kinafundishwa pia [[Kireno]]. Upande wa [[dini]], 89.3% ni [[Wakristo]] wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali, hasa [[Waprotestanti]], lakini pia [[Wakatoliki]] (5%). Wanaoendelea kufuata [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]] ni 0.5% na [[Waislamu]] ni 1%. ==Afya== Eswatini ni kati ya nchi [[duniani]] zilizoathiriwa zaidi na [[Ukimwi]]; [[umri]] wa [[wastani]] unafikia miaka 22 pekee kwa sababu ya [[Kifo|vifo]] vingi (64%) vinavyotokana na [[ugonjwa]] huo uliopata 26% ya watu wazima wote. ==Tanbihi== <references/> ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya Wafalme wa Uswazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons|Eswatini}} * [http://www.gov.sz/ Government of Eswatini] * [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eswatini/ Eswatini] entry at [[World Fact Book]] * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/swaziland.htm Swaziland] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/swaziland.htm |date=20090521105240 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Swaziland}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14095303 Swaziland] from the [[BBC News]] * [http://www.cbi.ac.sz/ Central Business Institute Swaziland] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cbi.ac.sz/ |date=20160109192630 }} * {{wikiatlas|Swaziland}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SZ Key Development Forecasts for Swaziland] from [[International Futures]] * [http://www.welcometoswaziland.com/ Swaziland Tourism Authority] * [http://internetcafedirectory.co.za/component/option,com_mtree/task,listcats/cat_id,52/Itemid,26/ Swaziland Internet Cafe directory] {{Wayback|url=http://internetcafedirectory.co.za/component/option,com_mtree/task,listcats/cat_id,52/Itemid,26/ |date=20091202055106 }} * [http://www.photostaud.com/africa/swaziland Photographs of Swaziland Wildlife – Hlane Royal National Park, Mkhaya Game Reserve] {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Eswatini]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]] o20qwdwgfi56vggx7cdzef90255a8cp 1241435 1241430 2022-08-09T08:40:34Z Bestoernesto 23840 /* Viungo vya nje */ dead, The domain name Welcometoswaziland.com is for sale wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |native_name = Umbuso weSwatini'' Kingdom of Eswatini |conventional_long_name = |common_name =Uswazi |image_flag = Flag of Eswatini.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Eswatini.svg |image_map =LocationSwaziland.png |national_motto = Siyinqaba ([[Kiswati]]: Sisi ni boma) |national_anthem =''[[Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati]]'' |official_languages =[[Kiingereza]], [[Kiswati]] |capital = serikali: [[Mbabane]] mfalme na bunge: [[Lobamba]] |latd=26 |latm=19 |latNS=S |longd=31 |longm=8|longEW=E |largest_city = [[Mbabane]] |government_type = Ufalme |leader_titles = [[Orodha ya wafalme wa Uswazi|Mfalme]] |leader_title2 = [[Ndlovukati]] |leader_title3 = [[Orodha ya mawaziri wakuu wa Uswazi|Waziri Mkuu]] |leader_names = [[Mswati III wa Uswazi|Mswati III]] |leader_name2 = [[Ntfombi Tfwala]] |leader_name3 = [[Themba N. Masuku]] |area_rank = ya 157 |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area= 17,364 |areami²= 6,704 |percent_water = 0.9 |population_estimate = 1,119,000 |population_estimate_rank = ya 154 |population_estimate_year = Julai 2015 |population_census = 1,018,449 |population_census_year = 2007 |Ethnic_groups = The majority of Swaziland's population is ethnically Swazi, mixed with a small number of Zulu and White Africans, mostly people of British and Afrikaner descent. |Ethnic_groups_year = |population_density = 68.2 |population_densitymi² = 176.8  |population_density_rank = 135 |GDP_PPP =$6.222 billion  |GDP_PPP_rank = ya 149 |GDP_PPP_year=2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $5,500 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =ya 127 |sovereignty_type =[[Uhuru]] |established_events =kutoka [[Uingereza]] |established_dates =[[6 Septemba]] [[1968]] |HDI =0.498 |HDI_rank =ya 147 |HDI_year =2003 |HDI_category =low |currency =[[Lilangeni]] |currency_code =SZL |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = + 2 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |cctld =[[.sz]] |calling_code =268 |footnotes = }} [[Picha:Wz-map.gif|thumb|left|220px|[[Ramani]] ya Eswatini.]] '''Eswatini''' ([[jina]] rasmi tangu [[mwaka]] [[2018]] ni '''Umbuso weSwatini'''; [[kifupi]] cha [[Kiswati]]: '''eSwatini'''<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43821512 Swaziland king renames country 'the Kingdom of eSwatini'], tovuti ya BBC, iliangaliwa Aprili 2018</ref>; kwa [[Kiswahili]] pia: '''Uswazi'''; kwa [[Kiingereza]]: '''Swaziland''') ni nchi ndogo ya [[Kusini mwa Afrika]] isiyo na [[pwani]] katika [[bahari]] yoyote. Imepakana na [[Afrika Kusini]] na [[Msumbiji]]. [[Mji mkuu]] ni [[Mbabane]]. ==Historia== {{main|Historia ya Eswatini}} Wakazi wa kwanza huaminiwa kuwa [[wawindaji]] wa jamii ya [[Wasani]]. Katika [[karne]] za kwanza [[BK]] walifika wahamiaji [[Wabantu]] wenye [[ujuzi]] wa [[kilimo]] na [[uhunzi]]. [[Waswati]] walianzisha [[ufalme]] wao katikati ya [[karne ya 18]] chini ya [[Ngwane III]]; mipaka ya sasa ilikubalika mwaka [[1881]]. Baada ya [[vita]] kati ya [[Waingereza]] na [[Makaburu]], Swaziland ilukuwa [[nchi lindwa]] ya [[Uingereza]] tangu mwaka [[1903]] hadi [[1967]]. Chini ya [[mfalme]] [[Sobhuza II]] aliyetawala kwa muda mrefu sana ([[1921]]-[[1982]]), Swaziland ilipata [[uhuru]] [[tarehe]] [[6 Septemba]] [[1968]]. ==Siasa== Eswatini inatawaliwa tangu mwaka [[1986]] na [[mfalme]] [[Mswati III]]. Mfalme anapingwa mara nyingi kwa sababu anatumia [[pesa]] nyingi kwa ajili yake binafsi ilhali wananchi ni [[maskini]] sana. Kwa muda mwingi wa [[uhuru]] wa nchi [[katiba]] imesimamishwa, na mfalme ametawala peke yake. ==Watu== [[File:A Swati Woman Dancing.jpg|thumb|righgt|Mwanamke kutoka Eswatini akicheza.]] Wakazi wengi ni wa [[kabila]] la [[Waswati]] na kuongea [[lugha]] ya [[Kiswati]] ambacho ni [[lugha rasmi]] pamoja na [[Kiingereza]]. Shuleni kinafundishwa pia [[Kireno]]. Upande wa [[dini]], 89.3% ni [[Wakristo]] wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali, hasa [[Waprotestanti]], lakini pia [[Wakatoliki]] (5%). Wanaoendelea kufuata [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]] ni 0.5% na [[Waislamu]] ni 1%. ==Afya== Eswatini ni kati ya nchi [[duniani]] zilizoathiriwa zaidi na [[Ukimwi]]; [[umri]] wa [[wastani]] unafikia miaka 22 pekee kwa sababu ya [[Kifo|vifo]] vingi (64%) vinavyotokana na [[ugonjwa]] huo uliopata 26% ya watu wazima wote. ==Tanbihi== <references/> ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya Wafalme wa Uswazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons|Eswatini}} * [http://www.gov.sz/ Government of Eswatini] * [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eswatini/ Eswatini] entry at [[World Fact Book]] * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/swaziland.htm Swaziland] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/swaziland.htm |date=20090521105240 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Swaziland}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14095303 Swaziland] from the [[BBC News]] * [http://www.cbi.ac.sz/ Central Business Institute Swaziland] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cbi.ac.sz/ |date=20160109192630 }} * {{wikiatlas|Swaziland}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SZ Key Development Forecasts for Swaziland] from [[International Futures]] * [http://internetcafedirectory.co.za/component/option,com_mtree/task,listcats/cat_id,52/Itemid,26/ Swaziland Internet Cafe directory] {{Wayback|url=http://internetcafedirectory.co.za/component/option,com_mtree/task,listcats/cat_id,52/Itemid,26/ |date=20091202055106 }} * [http://www.photostaud.com/africa/swaziland Photographs of Swaziland Wildlife – Hlane Royal National Park, Mkhaya Game Reserve] {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Eswatini]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]] 8n7usii6m1eocvq2xdv365lwawzm8iu 1241436 1241435 2022-08-09T08:42:24Z Bestoernesto 23840 /* Viungo vya nje */ Linkfix wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |native_name = Umbuso weSwatini'' Kingdom of Eswatini |conventional_long_name = |common_name =Uswazi |image_flag = Flag of Eswatini.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Eswatini.svg |image_map =LocationSwaziland.png |national_motto = Siyinqaba ([[Kiswati]]: Sisi ni boma) |national_anthem =''[[Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati]]'' |official_languages =[[Kiingereza]], [[Kiswati]] |capital = serikali: [[Mbabane]] mfalme na bunge: [[Lobamba]] |latd=26 |latm=19 |latNS=S |longd=31 |longm=8|longEW=E |largest_city = [[Mbabane]] |government_type = Ufalme |leader_titles = [[Orodha ya wafalme wa Uswazi|Mfalme]] |leader_title2 = [[Ndlovukati]] |leader_title3 = [[Orodha ya mawaziri wakuu wa Uswazi|Waziri Mkuu]] |leader_names = [[Mswati III wa Uswazi|Mswati III]] |leader_name2 = [[Ntfombi Tfwala]] |leader_name3 = [[Themba N. Masuku]] |area_rank = ya 157 |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area= 17,364 |areami²= 6,704 |percent_water = 0.9 |population_estimate = 1,119,000 |population_estimate_rank = ya 154 |population_estimate_year = Julai 2015 |population_census = 1,018,449 |population_census_year = 2007 |Ethnic_groups = The majority of Swaziland's population is ethnically Swazi, mixed with a small number of Zulu and White Africans, mostly people of British and Afrikaner descent. |Ethnic_groups_year = |population_density = 68.2 |population_densitymi² = 176.8  |population_density_rank = 135 |GDP_PPP =$6.222 billion  |GDP_PPP_rank = ya 149 |GDP_PPP_year=2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $5,500 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =ya 127 |sovereignty_type =[[Uhuru]] |established_events =kutoka [[Uingereza]] |established_dates =[[6 Septemba]] [[1968]] |HDI =0.498 |HDI_rank =ya 147 |HDI_year =2003 |HDI_category =low |currency =[[Lilangeni]] |currency_code =SZL |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = + 2 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |cctld =[[.sz]] |calling_code =268 |footnotes = }} [[Picha:Wz-map.gif|thumb|left|220px|[[Ramani]] ya Eswatini.]] '''Eswatini''' ([[jina]] rasmi tangu [[mwaka]] [[2018]] ni '''Umbuso weSwatini'''; [[kifupi]] cha [[Kiswati]]: '''eSwatini'''<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43821512 Swaziland king renames country 'the Kingdom of eSwatini'], tovuti ya BBC, iliangaliwa Aprili 2018</ref>; kwa [[Kiswahili]] pia: '''Uswazi'''; kwa [[Kiingereza]]: '''Swaziland''') ni nchi ndogo ya [[Kusini mwa Afrika]] isiyo na [[pwani]] katika [[bahari]] yoyote. Imepakana na [[Afrika Kusini]] na [[Msumbiji]]. [[Mji mkuu]] ni [[Mbabane]]. ==Historia== {{main|Historia ya Eswatini}} Wakazi wa kwanza huaminiwa kuwa [[wawindaji]] wa jamii ya [[Wasani]]. Katika [[karne]] za kwanza [[BK]] walifika wahamiaji [[Wabantu]] wenye [[ujuzi]] wa [[kilimo]] na [[uhunzi]]. [[Waswati]] walianzisha [[ufalme]] wao katikati ya [[karne ya 18]] chini ya [[Ngwane III]]; mipaka ya sasa ilikubalika mwaka [[1881]]. Baada ya [[vita]] kati ya [[Waingereza]] na [[Makaburu]], Swaziland ilukuwa [[nchi lindwa]] ya [[Uingereza]] tangu mwaka [[1903]] hadi [[1967]]. Chini ya [[mfalme]] [[Sobhuza II]] aliyetawala kwa muda mrefu sana ([[1921]]-[[1982]]), Swaziland ilipata [[uhuru]] [[tarehe]] [[6 Septemba]] [[1968]]. ==Siasa== Eswatini inatawaliwa tangu mwaka [[1986]] na [[mfalme]] [[Mswati III]]. Mfalme anapingwa mara nyingi kwa sababu anatumia [[pesa]] nyingi kwa ajili yake binafsi ilhali wananchi ni [[maskini]] sana. Kwa muda mwingi wa [[uhuru]] wa nchi [[katiba]] imesimamishwa, na mfalme ametawala peke yake. ==Watu== [[File:A Swati Woman Dancing.jpg|thumb|righgt|Mwanamke kutoka Eswatini akicheza.]] Wakazi wengi ni wa [[kabila]] la [[Waswati]] na kuongea [[lugha]] ya [[Kiswati]] ambacho ni [[lugha rasmi]] pamoja na [[Kiingereza]]. Shuleni kinafundishwa pia [[Kireno]]. Upande wa [[dini]], 89.3% ni [[Wakristo]] wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali, hasa [[Waprotestanti]], lakini pia [[Wakatoliki]] (5%). Wanaoendelea kufuata [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]] ni 0.5% na [[Waislamu]] ni 1%. ==Afya== Eswatini ni kati ya nchi [[duniani]] zilizoathiriwa zaidi na [[Ukimwi]]; [[umri]] wa [[wastani]] unafikia miaka 22 pekee kwa sababu ya [[Kifo|vifo]] vingi (64%) vinavyotokana na [[ugonjwa]] huo uliopata 26% ya watu wazima wote. ==Tanbihi== <references/> ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya Wafalme wa Uswazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons|Eswatini}} * [http://www.gov.sz/ Government of Eswatini] * [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eswatini/ Eswatini] entry at [[World Fact Book]] * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/swaziland.htm Swaziland] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/swaziland.htm |date=20090521105240 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Swaziland}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14095303 Swaziland] from the [[BBC News]] * [http://www.cbi.ac.sz/ Central Business Institute Swaziland] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cbi.ac.sz/ |date=20160109192630 }} * {{wikiatlas|Eswatini}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SZ Key Development Forecasts for Swaziland] from [[International Futures]] * [http://internetcafedirectory.co.za/component/option,com_mtree/task,listcats/cat_id,52/Itemid,26/ Swaziland Internet Cafe directory] {{Wayback|url=http://internetcafedirectory.co.za/component/option,com_mtree/task,listcats/cat_id,52/Itemid,26/ |date=20091202055106 }} * [http://www.photostaud.com/africa/swaziland Photographs of Swaziland Wildlife – Hlane Royal National Park, Mkhaya Game Reserve] {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Eswatini]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]] sr015s7ccfoynugu0vramsufjn2pwt4 Twiga 0 4025 1241109 1240395 2022-08-08T14:14:16Z ChriKo 35 Nyongeza ramani wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uainishaji | rangi = #D3D3A4 | jina = Twiga | picha = Giraffe standing.jpg | upana_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Twiga kusi | himaya = [[Mnyama|Animalia]] (Wanyama) | faila = [[Chordata]] (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni) | ngeli = [[Mammalia]] (Wanyama wanaonyonyesha watoto wao) | oda = [[Artiodactyla]] (Mamalia wanaokanyaga kwa kwato mbili-mbili) | nusuoda = [[Ruminantia]] (Wanyama wanaocheua) | familia = [[Giraffidae]] (Wanyama walio na mnasaba na [[twiga]]) | jenasi = ''[[Giraffa]]'' (Twiga) | bingwa_wa_jenasi = [[Mathurin Jacques Brisson|Brisson]], 1762 | subdivision = '''Spishi 11, nususpishi 7:''' * ''[[Giraffa camelopardalis|G. camelopardalis]]'' ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758) ** ''[[Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum|G. c. antiquorum]]'' [[William John Swainson|Swainson]], 1835 ** ''[[Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis|G. c. camelopardalis]]'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ** ''[[Giraffa camelopardalis peralta|G. c. peralta]]'' [[Oldfield Thomas|Thomas]], 1898 * ''[[Giraffa giraffa|G. giraffa]]'' ([[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber|Schreber]], 1784) ** ''[[Giraffa giraffa angolensis|G. g. angolensis]]'' ([[Richard Lydekker|Lydekker]], 1903) ** ''[[Giraffa giraffa giraffa|G. g. giraffa]]'' (Schreber, 1784) * †''[[Giraffa gracilis|G. gracilis]]'' * †''[[Giraffa jumae|G. jumae]]'' [[Louis Seymour Bazett Leakey|Leakey]], 1965 * †''[[Giraffa priscilla|G. priscilla]]'' [[Guy Ellcock Pilgrim|Pilgrim]], 1911 * †''[[Giraffa punjabiensis|G. punjabiensis]]'' * †''[[Giraffa pygmaea|G. pygmaea]]'' [[John M. Harris|Harris]], 1976 * ''[[Giraffa reticulata|G. reticulata]]'' [[William Edward de Winton|De Winton]], 1889 * †''[[Giraffa sivalensis|G. sivalensis]]'' [[Hugh Falconer|Falconer]] & [[Proby Thomas Cautley|Cautley]], 1843 * †''[[Giraffa stillei|G. stillei]]'' [[Camille Louis Joseph Arambourg|Arambourg]], 1947 * ''[[Giraffa tippelskirchi|G. tippelskirchi]]'' [[Georg Friedrich Paul Matschie|Matschie]], 1898 ** ''[[Giraffa tippelskirchi tippelskirchi|G. t. tippelskirchi]]'' Matschie, 1898 ** ''[[Giraffa tippelskirchi thornicrofti|G. t. thornicrofti]]'' (Lydekker, 1911) | ramani = Giraffa camelopardalis distribution2.png | upana_wa_ramani = 250px | maelezo_ya_ramani = Msambazo wa nususpishi za twiga }} '''Twiga''' ni [[jenasi]] ya [[mnyama|wanyama]] ya [[Afrika]] katika [[familia (biolojia)|familia]] [[Giraffidae]]. [[Spishi]] hizi ni [[mamalia]] wenye [[kwato shufwa]] na [[shingo]] ndefu kuliko ile ya wanyama wote wa nchi kavu. [[Mwili]] wao umepambwa kwa madoa yasiyo na [[umbo]] maalumu, yenye [[rangi]] ya njano mabaka meusi na kutenganishwa na rangi nyeupe, au rangi ya manjano-kahawia. Twiga wana uhusiano na [[tandala]] na [[ng’ombe]], lakini wanawekwa kwenye [[familia]] yao pamoja na ndugu wao wa karibu [[okapi]]. Wanapatikana hasa kuanzia [[Nijeri]] mpaka [[Afrika Kusini]]. Twiga huishi hasa maeneo ya [[savanna]] na [[nyika]]. Hata hivyo wakati [[chakula]] kinapokuwa adimu, hupendelea maeneo yenye [[mti|miti]] mingi, [[mgunga|migunga]] na [[kikwata|vikwata]] hasa. Hunywa [[maji]] mengi sana wakati yanapopatikana ili kukabili [[ukame]] ukija. == Mabadiliko ya zamani == Twiga ni spishi nne katika familia ya Giraffidae pamoja na okapi. Familia hii hapo awali ilikuwa na wanyama wengi kiasi. Twiga huaminika kuwa walitokana na [[swala]] aliyekuwa na urefu wa futi 3 tu, mnamo miaka [[milioni]] 30–50 iliyopita. Kutokea kwa [[shingo]] ndefu ya twiga kumezua mjadala mkubwa sana. [[Hadithi]] iliyozoeleka ni kwamba ilikuwa ni kutokana na juhudi za twiga kuyafikia [[tawi|matawi]] ya juu ya [[miti]] wakati wa ushindani wa chakula na wanyama wenzie walao majani. Kuna [[nadharia]] nyingine isemayo kuwa twiga dume ndio waliokuwa na shingo ndefu kuleta tofauti na jike, na kuweza kufikia majani ya juu ili kupata chakula, kukua kwa shingo zao kulikuwa tu ni kama ukuaji wa pilic baada ya [[balehe]]. Hata hivyo, nadharia hii ya pili haikubaliki sana na kulingana na tafiti za hivi karibuni, imeonyesha udhaifu mkubwa na kubakiza nadharia ile ya kuanza peke yake. Hata madoa ya twiga yanaaminika kuwa hapo awali yalikuwa ni ya rangi angavu juu ya mwili wa [[ngozi]] nyeusi. Madoa hayo taratibu yaliendelea kuwa ya muundo wa [[nyota]] na [[maua]], leo hii yamekuwa hayana umbo maalumu. == Pembe == [[Picha:Giraffe08 - melbourne zoo edit.jpg|thumb|200px|Twiga katika zoo]] [[Picha:Giraffes IMG 9614.JPG|thumb|200px|Twiga mama na mtoto]] [[Picha:Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis (mating).jpg|thumb|200px|Twiga wakijamiiana]] Jinsia zote wana pembe, japo pembe za twiga jike ni ndogo. Na kwa pembe hizi unaweza ukatambua jinsia ya twiga kwa urahisi, kwa sababu twiga jike wana nywele juu ya nundu za pembe zao, huku pembe za twiga dume zikiwa na vipara tu. Twiga dume wakati mwingine huwa na mkusanyiko wa kalsiamu kwenye fuvu zao za kichwa, ambao (mkusanyiko) hukua kadiri wanavyoongezeka umri, na kuwa kama nundu nyingine na kufanya jumla ya nundu kuwa tatu. == Shingo == Twiga wana shingo ndefu wanaoitumia kula majani ya miti mirefu kabisa. Twiga wana pingili saba za mifupa ya shingoni, kama wanyama wengine, japo baadhi ya wataalamu wanadai zipo nane zaidi, mifupa hiyo ina maungio. == Miguu na miondoko == Twiga wana miguu mirefu sana, kwa kadiri ya 10% zaidi ya miguu ya nyumbu. Mwendo wa twiga ni wa maringo, lakini akiwa anafukuzwa hukimbia sana, mpaka kufikia mwendokasi wa km. 55 kwa saa. Twiga ni kazi kuwindwa, na ni hatari. Wanapendwa hujihami kwa teke la nguvu. Teke la twiga mkubwa ni laweza kupasua fuvu la kichwa cha simba au hata kuvunja uti wa mgongo. Simba pekee ndio wanyama wanaoweza kuwa tishio kwa twiga. == Mfumo wa mzunguko wa damu == Moyo wa twiga una uzito wa kg. 10 na una urefu wa sm. 60, na hutakiwa kuzalisha mgandamizo wa damu mara mbili zaidi ukilinganisha na wanyama wa kawaida, ili kusaidia kusukuma damu mpaka kwenye ubongo, kichwani. Karibu na shingo kuna mfumo wa damu tata, unaomida damu nyingi isiende kwenye ubongo wakati twiga anapoinamisha kichwa chake pia. == Tabia == Twiga jike hujikusanya pamoja kwenye makundi ambao wakati mwingine hujumuisha twiga dume wadogo. Twiga dume wadogo hao hupenda kujiunga na dume wakubwa. Utafiti wa mwaka 1920 ulithibitisha kuwa twiga hawachangamani na twiga wasio wa kundi moja. Pia pindi dume atakapo kumpanda jike, basi huchagua yeyote aliye katika kipindi cha joto, kwenye kundi lolote. Twiga dume hutambua twiga jike walio katika kipindi cha joto kwa kuonja ladha ya mikojo yao. Twiga huchangamana vizuri na wanyama wengine wala nyasi. Kuwa pamoja na twiga hawa ni faida kubwa, kwa sababu urefu wao husaidia hata kuona adui wakiwa tangu mbali. == Uzazi == Twiga hubeba mimba kwa siku 400 mpaka 460 ambapo mara nyingi huzaa ndama mmoja hatimaye japo mapacha hutokea mara kadhaa. Mama hujifungua akiwa amesimama na kende lake hukatika mtoto aangukapo ardhini. Ndama akizaliwa huwa na urefu wa mita 1.8. Baada ya masaa kadhaa, mama huweza kukimbia japo ndani ya wiki mbili za mwanzo ndama hutumia muda mwingi kujilaza chini huku akilindwa na mama yake. Ndama huyo huwa hatamaniwi kuwindwa na simba, chui, fisi au mbwa mwitu. Ni asilimia 25–50 tu ya twiga ndiyo hufikia kuwa wakubwa. Twiga hukadiriwa kuishi miaka 20–25 mwituni na miaka 28 wakifugwa nje ya mbuga. == Kushindana/kupigana kwa shingo == [[Picha:Two male giraffes are necking in San Francisco Zoo 4.jpg|thumb|200px|Twiga mapiganoni]] Kitendo hiki cha twiga kufanywa kwa madhumuni mbali mbali lengo mojawapo ni kupigana vita, vita vinaweza kuwa kubwa kwelikweli. Kadiri shingo inavyokuwa ndefu, ndipo kichwa napo kinapokuwa kikubwa zaidi, na nguvu ya kupigana huwa kubwa vile vile. Na imeonekana twiga dume wanaofanikiwa kupata jike wa kujamiiana ni wale twiga dume waliofanikiwa kushinda kwenye vita. Ndiyo maana husikika kuwa, shingo ndefu imetokana na ushindani wa kijinsia, lakini mara nyingine twiga, husuguana tu shingo zao kwa kujipatia raha/ashki ya kimapenzi. Tena ajabu, twiga dume, wao kwa wao ndio hushiriki zaidi zoezi hili hasa nyakati za upweke. Mhemko wakati wa shughuli hii unaweza kuwa mkubwa mpaka kufikia kileleni. == Kulala == Twiga ni miongoni mwa mamalia wanaolala kwa muda kidogo kuliko wote, na hulala kwa wastani wa dakika kumi mpaka saa 2 katika masaa 24 ya siku moja na kuwa na wastani wa saa 1. za kulala kwa siku. == Chakula == [[Picha:Giraffe feeding, Tanzania.jpg|thumb|200px|Twiga anayekula]] Twiga hula majani ya miti, na pia hula nyasi nyingi na matunda. Ulimi wake ni mgumu sababu mlo wa twiga huhusisha miiba pia. Twiga anaweza kula mpaka kilo 29 za majani kwa siku, lakini anaweza hata kustahimili kwa kilo 6.8 tu za nyasi. Twiga hula kidogo sana kwa sababu hupata chakula chenye virutubisho vingi sana na pia mfumo wake wa mmeng’enyo wa chakula ni wa uhakika sana. Twiga pia huweza kukaa kwa vipindi virefu bila kunywa maji. Ulimi wa twiga una urefu wa takribani sentimeta 45. ==Spishi== * ''Giraffa camelopardalis'', [[Twiga Kaskazi]] ([[w:Northern giraffe|Northern giraffe]]) ** ''Giraffa c. antiquorum'', [[Twiga wa Kordofani]] ([[w:Kordofan giraffe|Kordofan giraffe]]) ** ''Giraffa c. camelopardalis'', [[Twiga Nubi]] ([[w:Nubian giraffe|Nubian giraffe]]) ** ''Giraffa c. peralta'', [[Twiga Magharibi]] ([[w:West African giraffe|West African giraffe]]) * ''Giraffa giraffa'', [[Twiga Kusi]] ([[w:Southern giraffe|Southern giraffe]]) ** ''Giraffa g. angolensis'', [[Twiga wa Angola]] ([[w:Angolan giraffe|Angolan giraffe]]) ** ''Giraffa g. giraffa'', [[Twiga wa Afrika Kusini]] ([[w:South African giraffe|South African giraffe]]) * ''Giraffa reticulata'', [[Twiga Somali]] ([[w:Reticulated giraffe|Reticulated giraffe]]) * ''Giraffa tippelskirchi'', [[Twiga Masai]] ([[w:Masai giraffe|Masai giraffe]]) ** ''Giraffa t. tippelskirchi'', [[Twiga Masai]] ([[w:Masai giraffe|Masai giraffe]]) ** ''Giraffa t. thornicrofti'', [[Twiga wa Luangwa]] ([[w:Luangwa giraffe|Luangwa giraffe]]) @''G. c. rothschildi'' amechukuliwa kuwa sawa na ''G. c. camelopardalis'' siku hizi. ==Spishi za kabla ya historia== * ''Giraffa gracilis'' * ''Giraffa jumae'' * ''Giraffa priscilla'' * ''Giraffa punjabiensis'' * ''Giraffa pygmaea'' * ''Giraffa sivalensis'' * ''Giraffa stillei'' ==Picha== <gallery> Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum (Vincennes Zoo) 2.jpg|Twiga kaskazi File:Nyerere National Park (156).jpg|thumb|Mkia wa Twiga Giraffe Ithala KZN South Africa Luca Galuzzi 2004.JPG|Twiga kusi Two Giraffes.PNG|Twiga Somali MasaiGiraffe2.jpg|Twiga Masai A Tower of Giraffes in The Serengeti.jpg|thumb|Kundi la Twiga [[Hifadhi ya Serengeti]] File:Gtall.jpg|thumb|Muonekano wa Twiga kwa Nyuma File:Nyerere National Park (74).jpg|thumb|Twiga Hifadhi ya Nyerere Tanzania </gallery> A Tower of Giraffes in The Serengeti.jpg|thumb|Twiga katika kundi == Marejeo == {{reflist|30em}} {{Artiodactyla|R.}} [[Jamii:Ng'ombe na jamaa]] [[Jamii:Wanyama wa Afrika]] tkfymyizcwzlc3ll3e39cfr865knk15 1241147 1241109 2022-08-08T14:52:19Z ChriKo 35 Nyongeza picha wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uainishaji | rangi = #D3D3A4 | jina = Twiga | picha = Giraffe standing.jpg | upana_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Twiga wa Afrika Kusini | himaya = [[Mnyama|Animalia]] (Wanyama) | faila = [[Chordata]] (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni) | ngeli = [[Mammalia]] (Wanyama wanaonyonyesha watoto wao) | oda = [[Artiodactyla]] (Mamalia wanaokanyaga kwa kwato mbili-mbili) | nusuoda = [[Ruminantia]] (Wanyama wanaocheua) | familia = [[Giraffidae]] (Wanyama walio na mnasaba na [[twiga]]) | jenasi = ''[[Giraffa]]'' (Twiga) | bingwa_wa_jenasi = [[Mathurin Jacques Brisson|Brisson]], 1762 | subdivision = '''Spishi 11, nususpishi 7:''' * ''[[Giraffa camelopardalis|G. camelopardalis]]'' ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758) ** ''[[Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum|G. c. antiquorum]]'' [[William John Swainson|Swainson]], 1835 ** ''[[Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis|G. c. camelopardalis]]'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ** ''[[Giraffa camelopardalis peralta|G. c. peralta]]'' [[Oldfield Thomas|Thomas]], 1898 * ''[[Giraffa giraffa|G. giraffa]]'' ([[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber|Schreber]], 1784) ** ''[[Giraffa giraffa angolensis|G. g. angolensis]]'' ([[Richard Lydekker|Lydekker]], 1903) ** ''[[Giraffa giraffa giraffa|G. g. giraffa]]'' (Schreber, 1784) * †''[[Giraffa gracilis|G. gracilis]]'' * †''[[Giraffa jumae|G. jumae]]'' [[Louis Seymour Bazett Leakey|Leakey]], 1965 * †''[[Giraffa priscilla|G. priscilla]]'' [[Guy Ellcock Pilgrim|Pilgrim]], 1911 * †''[[Giraffa punjabiensis|G. punjabiensis]]'' * †''[[Giraffa pygmaea|G. pygmaea]]'' [[John M. Harris|Harris]], 1976 * ''[[Giraffa reticulata|G. reticulata]]'' [[William Edward de Winton|De Winton]], 1889 * †''[[Giraffa sivalensis|G. sivalensis]]'' [[Hugh Falconer|Falconer]] & [[Proby Thomas Cautley|Cautley]], 1843 * †''[[Giraffa stillei|G. stillei]]'' [[Camille Louis Joseph Arambourg|Arambourg]], 1947 * ''[[Giraffa tippelskirchi|G. tippelskirchi]]'' [[Georg Friedrich Paul Matschie|Matschie]], 1898 ** ''[[Giraffa tippelskirchi tippelskirchi|G. t. tippelskirchi]]'' Matschie, 1898 ** ''[[Giraffa tippelskirchi thornicrofti|G. t. thornicrofti]]'' (Lydekker, 1911) | ramani = Giraffa camelopardalis distribution2.png | upana_wa_ramani = 250px | maelezo_ya_ramani = Msambazo wa nususpishi za twiga }} '''Twiga''' ni [[jenasi]] ya [[mnyama|wanyama]] ya [[Afrika]] katika [[familia (biolojia)|familia]] [[Giraffidae]]. [[Spishi]] hizi ni [[mamalia]] wenye [[kwato shufwa]] na [[shingo]] ndefu kuliko ile ya wanyama wote wa nchi kavu. [[Mwili]] wao umepambwa kwa madoa yasiyo na [[umbo]] maalumu, yenye [[rangi]] ya njano mabaka meusi na kutenganishwa na rangi nyeupe, au rangi ya manjano-kahawia. Twiga wana uhusiano na [[tandala]] na [[ng’ombe]], lakini wanawekwa kwenye [[familia]] yao pamoja na ndugu wao wa karibu [[okapi]]. Wanapatikana hasa kuanzia [[Nijeri]] mpaka [[Afrika Kusini]]. Twiga huishi hasa maeneo ya [[savanna]] na [[nyika]]. Hata hivyo wakati [[chakula]] kinapokuwa adimu, hupendelea maeneo yenye [[mti|miti]] mingi, [[mgunga|migunga]] na [[kikwata|vikwata]] hasa. Hunywa [[maji]] mengi sana wakati yanapopatikana ili kukabili [[ukame]] ukija. == Mabadiliko ya zamani == Twiga ni spishi nne katika familia ya Giraffidae pamoja na okapi. Familia hii hapo awali ilikuwa na wanyama wengi kiasi. Twiga huaminika kuwa walitokana na [[swala]] aliyekuwa na urefu wa futi 3 tu, mnamo miaka [[milioni]] 30–50 iliyopita. Kutokea kwa [[shingo]] ndefu ya twiga kumezua mjadala mkubwa sana. [[Hadithi]] iliyozoeleka ni kwamba ilikuwa ni kutokana na juhudi za twiga kuyafikia [[tawi|matawi]] ya juu ya [[miti]] wakati wa ushindani wa chakula na wanyama wenzie walao majani. Kuna [[nadharia]] nyingine isemayo kuwa twiga dume ndio waliokuwa na shingo ndefu kuleta tofauti na jike, na kuweza kufikia majani ya juu ili kupata chakula, kukua kwa shingo zao kulikuwa tu ni kama ukuaji wa pilic baada ya [[balehe]]. Hata hivyo, nadharia hii ya pili haikubaliki sana na kulingana na tafiti za hivi karibuni, imeonyesha udhaifu mkubwa na kubakiza nadharia ile ya kuanza peke yake. Hata madoa ya twiga yanaaminika kuwa hapo awali yalikuwa ni ya rangi angavu juu ya mwili wa [[ngozi]] nyeusi. Madoa hayo taratibu yaliendelea kuwa ya muundo wa [[nyota]] na [[maua]], leo hii yamekuwa hayana umbo maalumu. == Pembe == [[Picha:Giraffe08 - melbourne zoo edit.jpg|thumb|200px|Twiga katika zoo]] [[Picha:Giraffes IMG 9614.JPG|thumb|200px|Twiga mama na mtoto]] [[Picha:Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis (mating).jpg|thumb|200px|Twiga wakijamiiana]] Jinsia zote wana pembe, japo pembe za twiga jike ni ndogo. Na kwa pembe hizi unaweza ukatambua jinsia ya twiga kwa urahisi, kwa sababu twiga jike wana nywele juu ya nundu za pembe zao, huku pembe za twiga dume zikiwa na vipara tu. Twiga dume wakati mwingine huwa na mkusanyiko wa kalsiamu kwenye fuvu zao za kichwa, ambao (mkusanyiko) hukua kadiri wanavyoongezeka umri, na kuwa kama nundu nyingine na kufanya jumla ya nundu kuwa tatu. == Shingo == Twiga wana shingo ndefu wanaoitumia kula majani ya miti mirefu kabisa. Twiga wana pingili saba za mifupa ya shingoni, kama wanyama wengine, japo baadhi ya wataalamu wanadai zipo nane zaidi, mifupa hiyo ina maungio. == Miguu na miondoko == Twiga wana miguu mirefu sana, kwa kadiri ya 10% zaidi ya miguu ya nyumbu. Mwendo wa twiga ni wa maringo, lakini akiwa anafukuzwa hukimbia sana, mpaka kufikia mwendokasi wa km. 55 kwa saa. Twiga ni kazi kuwindwa, na ni hatari. Wanapendwa hujihami kwa teke la nguvu. Teke la twiga mkubwa ni laweza kupasua fuvu la kichwa cha simba au hata kuvunja uti wa mgongo. Simba pekee ndio wanyama wanaoweza kuwa tishio kwa twiga. == Mfumo wa mzunguko wa damu == Moyo wa twiga una uzito wa kg. 10 na una urefu wa sm. 60, na hutakiwa kuzalisha mgandamizo wa damu mara mbili zaidi ukilinganisha na wanyama wa kawaida, ili kusaidia kusukuma damu mpaka kwenye ubongo, kichwani. Karibu na shingo kuna mfumo wa damu tata, unaomida damu nyingi isiende kwenye ubongo wakati twiga anapoinamisha kichwa chake pia. == Tabia == Twiga jike hujikusanya pamoja kwenye makundi ambao wakati mwingine hujumuisha twiga dume wadogo. Twiga dume wadogo hao hupenda kujiunga na dume wakubwa. Utafiti wa mwaka 1920 ulithibitisha kuwa twiga hawachangamani na twiga wasio wa kundi moja. Pia pindi dume atakapo kumpanda jike, basi huchagua yeyote aliye katika kipindi cha joto, kwenye kundi lolote. Twiga dume hutambua twiga jike walio katika kipindi cha joto kwa kuonja ladha ya mikojo yao. Twiga huchangamana vizuri na wanyama wengine wala nyasi. Kuwa pamoja na twiga hawa ni faida kubwa, kwa sababu urefu wao husaidia hata kuona adui wakiwa tangu mbali. == Uzazi == Twiga hubeba mimba kwa siku 400 mpaka 460 ambapo mara nyingi huzaa ndama mmoja hatimaye japo mapacha hutokea mara kadhaa. Mama hujifungua akiwa amesimama na kende lake hukatika mtoto aangukapo ardhini. Ndama akizaliwa huwa na urefu wa mita 1.8. Baada ya masaa kadhaa, mama huweza kukimbia japo ndani ya wiki mbili za mwanzo ndama hutumia muda mwingi kujilaza chini huku akilindwa na mama yake. Ndama huyo huwa hatamaniwi kuwindwa na simba, chui, fisi au mbwa mwitu. Ni asilimia 25–50 tu ya twiga ndiyo hufikia kuwa wakubwa. Twiga hukadiriwa kuishi miaka 20–25 mwituni na miaka 28 wakifugwa nje ya mbuga. == Kushindana/kupigana kwa shingo == [[Picha:Two male giraffes are necking in San Francisco Zoo 4.jpg|thumb|200px|Twiga mapiganoni]] Kitendo hiki cha twiga kufanywa kwa madhumuni mbali mbali lengo mojawapo ni kupigana vita, vita vinaweza kuwa kubwa kwelikweli. Kadiri shingo inavyokuwa ndefu, ndipo kichwa napo kinapokuwa kikubwa zaidi, na nguvu ya kupigana huwa kubwa vile vile. Na imeonekana twiga dume wanaofanikiwa kupata jike wa kujamiiana ni wale twiga dume waliofanikiwa kushinda kwenye vita. Ndiyo maana husikika kuwa, shingo ndefu imetokana na ushindani wa kijinsia, lakini mara nyingine twiga, husuguana tu shingo zao kwa kujipatia raha/ashki ya kimapenzi. Tena ajabu, twiga dume, wao kwa wao ndio hushiriki zaidi zoezi hili hasa nyakati za upweke. Mhemko wakati wa shughuli hii unaweza kuwa mkubwa mpaka kufikia kileleni. == Kulala == Twiga ni miongoni mwa mamalia wanaolala kwa muda kidogo kuliko wote, na hulala kwa wastani wa dakika kumi mpaka saa 2 katika masaa 24 ya siku moja na kuwa na wastani wa saa 1. za kulala kwa siku. == Chakula == [[Picha:Giraffe feeding, Tanzania.jpg|thumb|200px|Twiga anayekula]] Twiga hula majani ya miti, na pia hula nyasi nyingi na matunda. Ulimi wake ni mgumu sababu mlo wa twiga huhusisha miiba pia. Twiga anaweza kula mpaka kilo 29 za majani kwa siku, lakini anaweza hata kustahimili kwa kilo 6.8 tu za nyasi. Twiga hula kidogo sana kwa sababu hupata chakula chenye virutubisho vingi sana na pia mfumo wake wa mmeng’enyo wa chakula ni wa uhakika sana. Twiga pia huweza kukaa kwa vipindi virefu bila kunywa maji. Ulimi wa twiga una urefu wa takribani sentimeta 45. ==Spishi== * ''Giraffa camelopardalis'', [[Twiga Kaskazi]] ([[w:Northern giraffe|Northern giraffe]]) ** ''Giraffa c. antiquorum'', [[Twiga wa Kordofani]] ([[w:Kordofan giraffe|Kordofan giraffe]]) ** ''Giraffa c. camelopardalis'', [[Twiga Nubi]] ([[w:Nubian giraffe|Nubian giraffe]]) ** ''Giraffa c. peralta'', [[Twiga Magharibi]] ([[w:West African giraffe|West African giraffe]]) * ''Giraffa giraffa'', [[Twiga Kusi]] ([[w:Southern giraffe|Southern giraffe]]) ** ''Giraffa g. angolensis'', [[Twiga wa Angola]] ([[w:Angolan giraffe|Angolan giraffe]]) ** ''Giraffa g. giraffa'', [[Twiga wa Afrika Kusini]] ([[w:South African giraffe|South African giraffe]]) * ''Giraffa reticulata'', [[Twiga Somali]] ([[w:Reticulated giraffe|Reticulated giraffe]]) * ''Giraffa tippelskirchi'', [[Twiga Masai]] ([[w:Masai giraffe|Masai giraffe]]) ** ''Giraffa t. tippelskirchi'', [[Twiga Masai]] ([[w:Masai giraffe|Masai giraffe]]) ** ''Giraffa t. thornicrofti'', [[Twiga wa Luangwa]] ([[w:Luangwa giraffe|Luangwa giraffe]]) @''G. c. rothschildi'' amechukuliwa kuwa sawa na ''G. c. camelopardalis'' siku hizi. ==Spishi za kabla ya historia== * ''Giraffa gracilis'' * ''Giraffa jumae'' * ''Giraffa priscilla'' * ''Giraffa punjabiensis'' * ''Giraffa pygmaea'' * ''Giraffa sivalensis'' * ''Giraffa stillei'' ==Picha== <gallery> Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum (Vincennes Zoo) 2.jpg|Twiga kaskazi Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis (Al Ain Zoo, UAE), crop & flip.jpg|Twiga Nubi Rothschild's Giraffe Portrait Image01.jpg|Twiga wa Rothschild Girafes d'Afrique de l'Ouest dans la zone girafe au Niger 02.jpg|Twiga magharibi Nyerere National Park (156).jpg|thumb|Mkia wa Twiga Giraffa camelopardalis -Zambia-8.jpg|Twiga wa Angola Giraffe Ithala KZN South Africa Luca Galuzzi 2004.JPG|Twiga wa Afrika Kusini Two Giraffes.PNG|Twiga Somali MasaiGiraffe2.jpg|Twiga Masai Giraffe Walking Square.JPG|Twiga wa Luangwa A Tower of Giraffes in The Serengeti.jpg|thumb|Kundi la Twiga [[Hifadhi ya Serengeti]] File:Gtall.jpg|thumb|Muonekano wa Twiga kwa Nyuma File:Nyerere National Park (74).jpg|thumb|Twiga Hifadhi ya Nyerere Tanzania </gallery> A Tower of Giraffes in The Serengeti.jpg|thumb|Twiga katika kundi == Marejeo == {{reflist|30em}} {{Artiodactyla|R.}} [[Jamii:Ng'ombe na jamaa]] [[Jamii:Wanyama wa Afrika]] m60xiqoiq1tuzkmqhh08tt3mjj55yr6 Joseph Kony 0 5522 1241017 1209489 2022-08-08T12:35:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person |name = Joseph Kony |picha = |caption = |birth_name = Joseph Kony |birth_date = 1961 <ref name="autogenerated2006">[http://www.mg.co.za/article/2006-02-10-portrait-of-ugandas-rebel-prophet-painted-by-wives The Independent - The deadly cult of Joseph Kony]</ref> |birth_place = Odek, [[Uganda]] |residence = |nationality = [[Ugandan]] |other_names = |known_for = |education = |home_town = |title = Leader of the [[Lord's Resistance Army]] |height = |weight = |religion = [[Christianity]] |spouse = Is thought to have over 60 wives <ref name="autogenerated1">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4320858.stm BBC News - Profile: Joseph Kony]</ref> |children = Thought to have 42 children <ref>[http://www.mg.co.za/article/2006-02-10-portrait-of-ugandas-rebel-prophet-painted-by-wives Portrait of Uganda's rebel prophet, painted by wives]</ref> }} '''Joseph Kony''' (alizaliwa mwaka [[1961]] hivi) ni kiongozi wa kundi la wanamgambo wa [[Lord's Resistance Army]] (LRA), ambalo limejihusisha na kampeni za ghasia likiwa na azma ya kuanzisha serikali inyoongozwa na viongozi wa [[dini]] nchini [[Uganda]], kundi hili liandai limejengeka kwenye misingi ya [[Biblia ya Kikristo]] na [[amri kumi]]. Kundi la LRA ambalo lilijulikana kwa vitendo vyake dhidi ya wenyeji wa Uganda Kaskazini, limeteka nyara takribani watoto 30,000 na kusababisha watu milioni 1.6 kukimbia makazi yao tangu uasi wao ulipoanza mwaka 1986. <ref> [http://www.twf.org/News/Y2006/0519-LRA.html Flight of the child Soldiers]</ref> <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6139554.stm BBC News - Mjube wa Umoja wa mataifa akutana na kiongozi wa waasi]</ref> <ref> Buteera, Richard. The Reach Of Terrorists Financing And Combating It-The Links Between Terrorism And ordinary Crime. International Society of Prosecutors. Washington, DC. 12 Agosti 2003. [http://www.iap.nl.com/speeches_annual_conference_2003_washington/terrorism_financing_speech_by_richard_buteera.htm ]</ref> == Wasifu == Joseph Kony alizaliwa mwaka 1961 katika kijiji cha [[Odek]], kinachopatikana mashariki mwa [[Gulu]] kaskazini mwa [[Uganda]], wazazi wake walikuwa wakulima. Aliwapenda wadogo zake lakini walipomkosea aliwaadhibu. <ref name="Innocents Lost p. 105-144"> Jimmie Briggs "Innocents Lost: When Child Soldiers Go to war" 2005 s. 105-144 </ref> Katika ujana wake, Joseph Kony alifunzwa kuwa mganga wa kijiji na kaka yake, Benon Okello, na huyo alipoaga alichukua kikamilifu wajibu wa kuwa mganga wa kijiji. <ref> Petro Eichstaedt, ''First Kill Your Family: Child Soldiers of Uganda and the Lord's Resistance Army,'' s. 206</ref> Alipokosewa alipendela kupigana badala ya maelewano kwa njia ya mazungumzo. Akiwa shuleni alitaniwa kwa ukubwa wake na walimu walimpa wakati mgumu kwa sababu hakuonekana muerevu sana. Baba yake alikuwa mteandakazi wa mungu katika [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na mama yake alikuwa Mwanglikana, Kony alikuwa alatare kwa miaka kadhaa. Aliacha kwenda kanisani akiwa na umri wa karibu miaka 15. <ref name="Innocents Lost p. 105-144"/> Aliacha masomo yake shule ya upili na alipata umaarufu mwezi wa Januari mwaka 1986, akiwa na miaka ishirini na kitu hivi. Kundi lake lilikuwa moja ya makundi makubwa yaliyoibuka [[huko Acholi]] wakati wa vuguvugu maarufu la [[Roho Mtakatifu]] lililoongozwa na [[Alice Auma]] (aka Lakwena). Hata hivyo kulikuwa na mgogoro miongoni mwa Wacholi walionung'unikia kupoteza uashawishi wao baada ya Rais [[Tito Okello]] aliyekuwa Muacholikupinduliwa na [[Yoweri Museveni]] na jeshi lake la National [[Resistance Army]] (NRA) wakati wa [[Vita vya msituni]] vya Uganda vilivyoisha mwaka 1986. Mwanzoni, kundi la Kony's liliitwa United Holy Salvation Army (UHSA) na halikuchukiliwa kama tisho na NRA. Kufikia mwaka 1988, baada ya mkataba kati ya NRA na [[Uganda People's Democratic Army]] kuongeza makundi yake mengine ya wapiganaji pamoja na kusajili watoto kwa nguvu kulilifanya kundi la United Holy Salvation Army kuwa jeshi lililoogofya. Askarijeshi wake wengi walikuwa watoto. Inakadiriwa kuwa amechukuwa watoto zaidi ya 104.000 wavulana na wasichana tangu LRA ilipoanza kupigana mwaka 1986. MMara nyingi aliua jamaa na majirani wa watoto hawa alipokuwa akiwateka na kuwalazimisha wapigane katika jeshi lake. Kamanda wa kundi lilosalia la UPDA alikuwa [[Odong Latek]], ambaye alifanikiwa katika kumshawishi Kony atumie mbinu za kisasa za kijeshi kinyume na majaribio ya awali ambayo yalihusu mashambulizi ya mslaba na kutumia maji matakatifu. Mbinu hii mpya ilifanikiwa na UHSA mapigano madgomadogo lakini waliweza kuwashinda NRA. Baada ya ushindi huu NRA ililipiza kizazi kwa kudhoofisha kundi la Kony kisiasa na kampeni iliyoitwa Oparation North. Kufikia mwaka 1992 alilipa hilo kundi jiypa la Muungano wa Jeshi la Kikristo la Demokrasia na ni katika wakati huu ndiyo waliowateka nyara wasichana 44 kutoka shule za upili za Sacred Heart Secondary na St. Mary's Girls School Operation North iliharibu kabisa kile kingekuwa wanamugambo wa Lord's Resistance Army,hata hivyo, ingawa idadi yao ilipungua kutoka maelfu hadi mamia waliendelea kuwavamia raia na washirika wa NRA. Mazungumzo ya Bigombe ya mwaka 1993 yalifunua mengi kumhusu Joseph Kony. [[Betty Bigombe]] alikumbuka kwamba mara ya kwanza alikutana na Kony na wafuasi wake walitumia mafuta kujikinga na risasi na pepo mbaya. <ref> The Woman Behind Uganda's Peace Hopes- Betty Bigombe Put life on Hold to Interced in Northern War [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/10/AR2007071001933_2.html ]</ref> Katika barua ilyohusu mazungumzo ya baadaye Kony pia alieleza kwamba sharti angetafuuta ushauri kutoka kwa [[Roho Mtakatifu]]. Mazungumzo yalipoanza walisisitiza kwamba viongozi wa dini washirikishwe na walifungua mkutano kwa maombi yaliongozwa na Mkurugenzi wa Masuala ya Dini wa LRA Bw. Jenaro Bongoni. Hatimaye katika mazungumzo ya amani ya mwaka 1994 Kony aliingia huku wanaume waliovaa majoho wakiwa mbele yake wakimyumyizia [[maji takatifu]]. <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5146662.stm BBC - Profile: Ugandan rebel Joseph Kony]</ref> Juhudi nyingi za kimataifa za kuleta amani na kukomesha utekaji nyara wa watoto na Kony na Wanamugambo wa kundi lake la Lord's Resistance Army zilifanyika kati ya 1996 na 2001. Juhudi zote zilishindwa kumaliza utekaji nyara wa watoto, ubakaji, askari-jeshi watoto mauji ya raia ikiwemo usambuliaji wa kambi za wakimbizi. Baada ya [[shambulizi]] la [[tarehe 11 Septemba Marekani]] ilitangaza rasmi wanamgambo wa Lord's Resistance Army kuwa kundi la kigaidi na Joseph Kony kuwa gaidi. <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2001/6695.htm | title=Statement on the Designation of 39 Organizations on the USA PATRIOT Act's �Terrorist Exclusion List� | author=Philip T. Reeker | publisher=U.S. Department of State | date=6 Desemba 2001 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020202195601/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2001/6695.htm | archivedate=2002-02-02 | accessdate=2009-12-12 }}</ref> Josph Kony alifikiriwa kuwa mtu mwenye pepo; amesawiriwa kama ama kma Masihi au shetani. Alizuru mara kadhaa milima ya Ato nchini Uganmda. Inadaiwa kuwa angekwea hadi kileleni cha milima na kulala huko kwenye jua kali kwa siku kadhaa. Angefunikwa na kundi la kumbikumbi wekundu ambao waliing'ata ngozi yake kwa undani. Mafuta kutoka mti uitwao Yao ilipakwa mwilini mwake. Kisha aliingia kwenye pango na kushinda huko pekee kwa majuma kadhaa. Alichowaamuru watoto wafanye kilikuwa kitu cha upuzi- aliwaambia kuwa iwapo wangechora mslaba kwenye vifua vyao na mafuta wangekingwa kutoka kutoka kwa risasi. <ref name="Innocents Lost p. 105-144"/> Kony anasisitiza kwamba wanamugambo wa [[Lord's Resistance Army]] wanapigania Amri Kumi. "Ndiyo, tunapigania Amri Kumi," Je, ni vibbaya? siyo kukiuka haki za binadamu. Na amri haikutolewa na Joseph. Haikutolewa na LRA. la, amri hiyo ilitolewa na Mungu. " <ref> [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article680339.ece I wil use the Ten Commandments to liberate Uganda]</ref> == Mashtaka rasmi == {{LRA}} Tarehe 6 Oktoba 2005 Mahaka ya Kimataifa ya Uhalifu (ICC) ilitoa vibali vya kukamtwa kwa wanamugambo watano wa kundi la Lord's Resistance Amy kwa uhalifu dhidi ya haki za binadamu kufuatia kufunguliwa mashitaka. Siku iliyofuata waziri wa ulinzi wa [[Uganda]] Amama Mbabazi alidokeza kuwa Joseph Kony, naibu wake Vincent Otti na makamanda wa Raska Lukwiya, Okot Odiambo na Dominic Ongwen walikuwa miongoni mwa wale ambao vibali vyao vya kukamtwa vilitolewa. Kwa mujibu wa msemaji wa jeshi, jeshi la Uganda lilimua Lukwiya tarehe 12 Agosti 2006. <ref> "Ugandan army kills senior rebel'." ''BBC News.'' 13 Agosti 2006. 15 Februari 2007. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4788657.stm ]</ref> Juma moja baadaye, tarehe 13 Oktoba, Mwendesha Mashitaka Mkuu wa ICC [[Luis Moreno Ocampo]] alitoa maelezo kuhusu mashitaka yaliyomkabili Kony. Kuna jumla ya mashtaka 33, 12 yakiwa ni uhalifu dhidi ya haki za binadamu, ambayo ni pamoja na mauaji, utumwa, utumwa wa ngono na ubakaji. Kuna mashitaka mengine 21 ya uhalifu wa kivita ambayo ni pamoja na mauaji, ukatili kwa raia, ushambulizi wa kimakusudi kwa raia, uporaji mali, ubakaji na kusajili watoto kwa nguvu katika vikosi vya waasi. Ocampo alisema kwamba "Kony aliwateka wasichana kuwatoa kama zawadi kwa makamanda wake." Jeshi la Uganda limejaribu kumua Kony kwa shutuma za Upinzani . Tarehe 31 Julai 2006, Kony alikutana na viongozi kadhaa kitamaduni, kisiasa, na viongozi wa dini kutoka Kaskazini mwa [[Uganda]] mafichoni mwake katika msitu wa kondo kuzungumzia vita. Siku iliyofuata, [[1 Agosti]], alivuka mpaka na kuingia Sudan kuzungumza na Makamu wa Rais wa Kusini mwa Sudan Riek Machar. Baadaye Kony aliwaambia waandishi wa habari kwamba hakuwa tayari kufika mbele ya mahakama ya ICC kujibu mashitaka kwa kuwa hajafanya lolote baya. Tarehe 12 Novemba 2006 Kony alikutana na [[Jan Egeland]], Umoja naibu wa Katibu Mkuu wa Umoja wa [[Mataifa]] anayeshughulikia masuala ya kibinadamu na misaada ya dharura. Kony aliambia shirika la habari la [[Reuters]]: "Hatuna watoto wowote. tunawapiganaji tu. <ref> Kony told Reuters: "Hatuna watoto wowote tunawapiganaji pekee. [http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L12604312.htm ]</ref> Tarehe 28 Agosti mwaka 2008, wizara ya fedha ya Marekani ilimuorodhesha Kony miongoni mwa kundi la "magaidi wa kipekee duniani" kundi ambalo huwa na adhabu za kifedha na adhabu. Haijulikani iwapo Kony ana miliki au hamilki rasilimali yoyote amabyo inaathiriwa na maelezo yaliyotolewa. 25 Desemba 2008, kwa mujibu wa kikosi cha kulinda amani cha Umoja wa Mataifa, waasi wa [[Lord's Resistance Army]] (LRA) waliwaua watu 189 na kuteka nyara watoto 120 wakati wa sherehe iliyofadhiliwa na Kanisa Katoliki huko Faradje, katika [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Desemba 2008, jeshi la Kongo, pamoja na vikosi vya jeshi la [[Uganda]] na [[Sudan]], vilivamia waasi wa LRA wakiwa na lengo la kuwanyang'anya silaha waasi wa LRA. == Tanbihi == {{Marejeo}} == Marejeo == * {{cite book | last = Green | first = Matthew | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The Wizard of the Nile: The Hunt for Africa's Most Wanted | publisher = Portobello Books | date = 2008 | location = | pages = | url =https://archive.org/details/wizardofnilehunt0000gree| doi = | id = | isbn = 978-1846270307 }} * {{cite book | last = Briggs | first = Jimmie | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The Innocents Lost: When Child soldiers Go to war | publisher = Basic Books | date = 2005 | location = | pages = | url =https://archive.org/details/innocentslostwhe0000brig| doi = | id = | isbn = }} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://womennewsnetwork.net/2009/01/13/ugandagirlsoldier809/ Girl Soldiers-The cost of survivla in Northern Uganda ] Mtandao wa Habari za Wanawake - WNN * [http://www.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/102/article_775.asp "I want peace talks to resume"] Mahojianao na Kony kwenye Radio France Internatinale English Service 22 Juni 2008 * [http://www.africanfront.com/page600.php Nataka amani lakini Museveni ndiye shida, asema Kony, ] makala ya mzungumzo ya Kony kwa njia ya simukwenye shoo ya redio ya mazungumzo ya siasa kwenye radi ya Mega Radio itangazayo kutoka Gulu tarehe 28 Desemba 2002. * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/443579 Mtoto wa kwanza wa Kony auawa ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/443579 |date=20080503021038 }} [[New Vision]],8 Julai 2005 * [http://www.haguejusticeportal.net/eCache/DEF/8/193.c2V0TGFuZz1FTiZMPUVO.html Hague Justice Portal: Joseph Kony] {{Wayback|url=http://www.haguejusticeportal.net/eCache/DEF/8/193.c2V0TGFuZz1FTiZMPUVO.html |date=20111219001708 }} * J. Carter Johnson, [http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2006/january/18.30.html Deliver Us from Kony,] [[Christanity Today]], Januari 2006 * Sam Farmar, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/5124762.stm Uganda rebel leader breaks silence] (mahojiano yaliyotolewa kwenye tuvuti katika kwa muundo wa MP3), BBC [[Newsnight]], tarehe 28 Juni 2006, pia [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3358543972674478503&ei=V6wDS8jJKpTawgPAiNnBAg&q=joseph+kony# Google Video] {{Wayback|url=http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3358543972674478503&ei=V6wDS8jJKpTawgPAiNnBAg&q=joseph+kony |date=20110629080748 }} * [http://www.rocketboom.com/vlog/archives/2006/08/rb_06_aug_16.html Ruud Elmendorp's video interview with Joseph Kony] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rocketboom.com/vlog/archives/2006/08/rb_06_aug_16.html |date=20061017135801 }} katika [[Rocketboom]] 16 Agosti 2006 * Ochola John, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5129350.stm Mhasiriwa wa LRA: 'siwezi kusahau na kusamehe',] BBC, tarehe 29 Juni 2006 * [http://bloggingheads.tv/diavlogs/17021 Julia Spiegel project discusses efforts to kill Joseph Kony] Bloggingheads TV diavlog Jumapili 11 Januari 2009 {{International Criminal Court}} {{Persondata | name= Kony, Joseph | short description= Leader of the [[Lord's Resistance Army]] | date of birth= 1961 | place of birth= Odek, [[Uganda]] }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kony, Joseph}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Ugaidi]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Gulu]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uganda]] cldiuerd8y8azv1w7tggmua1smsh1h2 ISO 4217 0 8429 1241226 1140649 2022-08-08T18:35:19Z Bestoernesto 23840 /* Orodha ya vifupisho vya ISO 4217 */ upgrade Eswatini wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Flugschein.JPG|thumbnail|right|200px|Tiketi ya ndege ikionesha gharama katika msimbo wa ISO 4217 ]] '''ISO 4217''' ni kifupisho sanifu cha pesa za nchi zote. Kimewekwa na [[Shirika la Kimataifa la Usanifishaji]] (kwa [[Kiingereza]] "International Organization for Standardization (ISO)"). ISO 4217 ni orodha ya alama za vifupisho vya pesa. Kila kifupisha kina herufi tatu. Herufi mbili zinarejea nchi, na herufi ya tatu inarejea jina la pesa la nchi husika. Kwa mfano, * kifupisho cha pesa ya [[Japani]] ni '''JPY''', yaani JP kwa Japani, na Y kwa [[Yen]]. * kifupisho cha pesa ya [[Tanzania]] ni '''TZS''', yaani TZ kwa Tanzania, na S kwa [[Shilingi]]. * vivyo hivyo Kenya ina '''KES''', yaani KE kwa Kenya, na S kwa shilingi. * tofauti kwa sababu za mabadiliko ya kihistoria ni kifupisho cha pesa ya [[Uganda]] ni '''UGX''', yaani UG kwa Uganda. X inaitaja shilingi mpya ya Uganda (tangu 1990). Hadi 1987 kifupisho cha ISO ilikuwa '''UGS''' kwa ajili ya shilingi ya kwanza iliyoharibika kabisa wakati wa utawala wa Iddi Amin na vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe iliyofuata, ikawa "old shilling" yenye kifupisho cha ISO '''UGW''' kwakipindi cha 1989 to 1990 halafu tangu mwaka 1990 UGX pekee kwa shilingi mpya iliyokuwa sasa pesa halali ya pekee nchini Uganda. <ref>tazama [https://www.currency-iso.org/en/home/tables/table-a3.html List of codes for historic denominations of currencies & funds] kwenye tovuti ya https://www.currency-iso.org, ilitazamiwa Mei 2017</ref> == Orodha ya vifupisho vya ISO 4217 == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+align="bottom"| http://www.jhall.demon.co.uk/currency/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.jhall.demon.co.uk/currency/ |date=20070305211905 }} |- ! Kifupisho !! Namba !! E !! Jina la Pesa !! Nchi zinazotumia pesa hiyo |- | AED || 784 || 2 || [[Dirham ya Falme za Kiarabu]] || [[Falme za Kiarabu]] |- | AFN || 971 || 2 || [[Afghani]] || [[Afghanistan]] |- | ALL || 008 || 2 || [[Lek]] || [[Albania]] |- | AMD || 051 || 2 || [[Dram]] || [[Armenia]] |- | ANG || 532 || 2 || [[Gulder]] || [[Antili za Kiholanzi]] |- | AOA || 973 || 2 || [[Kwanza]] || [[Angola]] |- | ARS || 032 || 2 || [[Peso ya Argentina]] || [[Argentina]] |- | AUD || 036 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Australia]] || [[Australia]], [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[Christmas Island]], [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]], [[Heard and McDonald Islands]], [[Kiribati]], [[Nauru]], [[Norfolk Island]], [[Tuvalu]] |- | AWG || 533 || 2 || [[Gulder ya Aruba]] || [[Aruba]] |- | AZN || 944 || 2 || [[Manat]] || [[Azerbaijan]] |- | BAM || 977 || 2 || [[Mark]] || [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] |- | BBD || 052 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Barbados]] || [[Barbados]] |- | BDT || 050 || 2 || [[Taka]] || [[Bangladesh]] |- | BGN || 975 || 2 || [[Leva]] || [[Bulgaria]] |- | BHD || 048 || 3 || [[Dinar ya Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain]] |- | BIF || 108 || 0 || [[Burundian Franc]] || [[Burundi]] |- | BMD || 060 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Bermuda]]) || [[Bermuda]] |- | BND || 096 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Brunei]] || [[Brunei]] |- | BOB || 068 || 2 || [[Boliviano]] || [[Bolivia]] |- | BRL || 986 || 2 || [[Real ya Brazilian]] || [[Brazil]] |- | BSD || 044 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Bahamas]] || [[Bahamas]] |- | BTN || 064 || 2 || [[Ngultrum]] || [[Bhutan]] |- | BWP || 072 || 2 || [[Pula]] || [[Botswana]] |- | BYN || 933 || 2 || [[Rubli ya Byelarusi]] || [[Belarus]] |- | BZD || 084 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Belize]] || [[Belize]] |- | CAD || 124 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Kanada]] || [[Kanada]] |- | CDF || 976 || 2 || [[Franc ya Kongo]] || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] |- | CHE || 947 || 2 || [[WIR Bank|WIR Euro]] ([[pesa ya ziada]]) || [[Uswisi]] |- | CHF || 756 || 2 || [[Franc ya Uswisi]] || [[Uswisi]] |- | CHW || 948 || 2 || [[WIR Bank|WIR Franc ya]] ([[pesa ya ziada]]) || [[Uswisi]] |- | CLP || 152 || 0 || [[Peso ya Chile]] || [[Chile]] |- | CNY || 156 || 2 || [[Yuan Renminbi]] || [[China]] |- | COP || 170 || 2 || [[Peso ya Kolumbia]] || [[Colombia]] |- | COU || 970 || 2 || [[Unidad de Valor Real]] || [[Colombia]] |- | CRC || 188 || 2 || [[Colon]] || [[Costa Rica]] |- | CUP || 192 || 2 || [[Peso ya Kuba]] || [[Cuba]] |- | CVE || 132 || 2 || [[Escudo ya Cabo Verde]] || [[Cape Verde]] |- | CYP || 196 || 2 || [[Pound ya Cyprus]] || [[Kupro]] |- | CZK || 203 || 2 || [[Koruna]] || [[Ucheki]] |- | DJF || 262 || 0 || [[Franc ya Djibouti]] || [[Djibouti]] |- | DKK || 208 || 2 || [[Krone ya Denmark]] || [[Denmark]], [[Faroe Islands]], [[Greenland]] |- | DOP || 214 || 2 || [[Peso dominicano]] || [[Dominican Republic]] |- | DZD || 012 || 2 || [[Dinar ya Algeria]] || [[Algeria]] |- | EEK || 233 || 2 || [[Kroon]] || [[Estonia]] |- | EGP || 818 || 2 || [[Pound ya Misri]] || [[Misri]] |- | ERN || 232 || 2 || [[Nakfa]] || [[Eritrea]] |- | ETB || 230 || 2 || [[Birr]] || [[Ethiopia]] |- | EUR || 978 || 2 || [[Euro]] || [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], ''angalia [[Eurozone]]'' |- | FJD || 242 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Fiji]] || [[Fiji]] |- | FKP || 238 || 2 || [[Pound ya Falkland]] || [[Falkland Islands]] |- | GBP || 826 || 2 || [[Pound Sterling]] || [[Uingereza (nchi)|Uingereza]] |- | GEL || 981 || 2 || [[Lari]] || [[Georgia (nchi)|Georgia]] |- | GHC || 288 || 2 || [[Cedi]] || [[Ghana]] |- | GIP || 292 || 2 || [[Pound ya Gibraltar]] || [[Gibraltar]] |- | GMD || 270 || 2 || [[Dalasi]] || [[Gambia]] |- | GNF || 324 || 0 || [[Franc ya Guinea]] || [[Guinea]] |- | GTQ || 320 || 2 || [[Quetzal]] || [[Guatemala]] |- | GYD || 328 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Guyana]] || [[Guyana]] |- | HKD || 344 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Hong Kong]] || [[Hong Kong]] |- | HNL || 340 || 2 || [[Lempira]] || [[Honduras]] |- | HRK || 191 || 2 || [[Kuna]] || [[Croatia]] |- | HTG || 332 || 2 || [[Gourde]] || [[Haiti]] |- | HUF || 348 || 2 || [[Forint]] || [[Hungary]] |- | IDR || 360 || 2 || [[Rupiah]] || [[Indonesia]] |- | ILS || 376 || 2 || [[Shekel]] || [[Israel]] |- | INR || 356 || 2 || [[Rupia]] || [[Bhutan]], [[Uhindi]] |- | IQD || 368 || 3 || [[Dinar ya Iraq]] || [[Iraq]] |- | IRR || 364 || 2 || [[Rial]] || [[Iran]] |- | ISK || 352 || 2 || [[Krona ya Iceland]] || [[Iceland]] |- | JMD || 388 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Jamaica]] || [[Jamaica]] |- | JOD || 400 || 3 || [[Dinar ya Yordani]] || [[Jordan]] |- | JPY || 392 || 0 || [[Yen]] || [[Japani]] |- | KES || 404 || 2 || [[Shillingi ya Kenya]] || [[Kenya]] |- | KGS || 417 || 2 || [[Som]] || [[Kirgizia]] |- | KHR || 116 || 2 || [[Riel]] || [[Cambodia]] |- | KMF || 174 || 0 || [[Franc ya Komoro]] || [[Comoros]] |- | KPW || 408 || 2 || [[Won ya Korea Kaskazini]] || [[Korea Kaskazini]] |- | KRW || 410 || 0 || [[Won ya Korea Kusini]] || [[Korea Kusini]] |- | KWD || 414 || 3 || [[Dinar ya Kuwait]] || [[Kuwait]] |- | KYD || 136 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Cayman]] || [[Cayman Islands]] |- | KZT || 398 || 2 || [[Tenge]] || [[Kazakhstan]] |- | LAK || 418 || 2 || [[Kip]] || [[Laos]] |- | LBP || 422 || 2 || [[Lira ya Lebanoni]] || [[Lebanon]] |- | LKR || 144 || 2 || [[Rupia ya Sri Lanka]] || [[Sri Lanka]] |- | LRD || 430 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Liberia]] || [[Liberia]] |- | LSL || 426 || 2 || [[Loti]] || [[Lesotho]] |- | LTL || 440 || 2 || [[Litas]] || [[Lithuania]] |- | LVL || 428 || 2 || [[Lats]] || [[Latvia]] |- | LYD || 434 || 3 || [[Dinar ya Libya]] || [[Libya]] |- | MAD || 504 || 2 || [[Dirham ya Moroko]] || [[Morocco]], [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] |- | MDL || 498 || 2 || [[Leu ya Moldova]] || [[Moldova]] |- | MGA || 969 || 0 || [[Ariary]] || [[Madagascar]] |- | MKD || 807 || 2 || [[Denar]] || [[Jamhuri ya Masedonia]] |- | MMK || 104 || 2 || [[Kyat]] || [[Myanmar]] |- | MNT || 496 || 2 || [[Tugrik]] || [[Mongolia]] |- | MOP || 446 || 2 || [[Pataca]] || [[Macau]] |- | MRO || 478 || 2 || [[Ouguiya]] || [[Mauritania]] |- | MTL || 470 || 2 || [[Lira ya Malta]] || [[Malta]] |- | MUR || 480 || 2 || [[Rupia ya Morisi]] || [[Morisi]] |- | MVR || 462 || 2 || [[Rufiyaa]] || [[Maldives]] |- | MWK || 454 || 2 || [[Kwacha]] || [[Malawi]] |- | MXN || 484 || 2 || [[Peso ya Meksiko]] || [[Mexico]] |- | MYR || 458 || 2 || [[Ringgit]] || [[Malaysia]] |- | MZN || 943 || 2 || [[Metical]] || [[Msumbiji]] |- | NAD || 516 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Namibia]] || [[Namibia]] |- | NGN || 566 || 2 || [[Naira]] || [[Nigeria]] |- | NIO || 558 || 2 || [[Cordoba Oro]] || [[Nicaragua]] |- | NOK || 578 || 2 || [[Krone ya Norwei]] || [[Norway]] |- | NPR || 524 || 2 || [[Rupia ya Nepal]] || [[Nepal]] |- | NZD || 554 || 2 || [[Dollar ya New Zealand]] || [[Cook Islands]], [[New Zealand]], [[Niue]], [[Pitcairn]], [[Tokelau]] |- | OMR || 512 || 3 || [[Rial Omani]] || [[Oman]] |- | PAB || 590 || 2 || [[Balboa]] || [[Panama]] |- | PEN || 604 || 2 || [[Nuevo Sol]] || [[Peru]] |- | PGK || 598 || 2 || [[Kina]] || [[Papua New Guinea]] |- | PHP || 608 || 2 || [[Peso ya Ufilipino]] || [[Philippines]] |- | PKR || 586 || 2 || [[Pakistan Rupee]] || [[Pakistan]] |- | PLN || 985 || 2 || [[Zloty]] || [[Poland]] |- | PYG || 600 || 0 || [[Guarani]] || [[Paraguay]] |- | QAR || 634 || 2 || [[Rial ya Qatari]] || [[Qatar]] |- | ROL || 642 || 2 || [[Leu ya Romania]] || [[Romania]] |- | RON || 946 || 2 || [[Leu ya Romania|Leu mpya]] || [[Romania]] |- | RSD || 941 || 2 || [[Dinari ya Serbia]] || [[Serbia]] |- | RUB || 643 || 2 || [[Rubli]] || [[Urusi]], [[Abkhazia]], [[Ossetia Kusini]] |- | RWF || 646 || 0 || [[Franc ya Rwanda]] || [[Rwanda]] |- | SAR || 682 || 2 || [[Riyal]] || [[Saudi Arabia]] |- | SBD || 090 || 2 || [[Dollar ya visiwa vya Solomon]] || [[Solomon Islands]] |- | SCR || 690 || 2 || [[Rupia ya Shelisheli]] || [[Seychelles]] |- | SDD || 736 || 2 || [[Dinari ya Sudan]] || [[Sudan]] |- | SDG || 938 || 2 || [[Lira ya Sudani]] || [[Sudan]] |- | SEK || 752 || 2 || [[Krona ya Uswidi]] || [[Sweden]] |- | SGD || 702 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Singapur]] || [[Singapur]] |- | SHP || 654 || 2 || [[Pound ya Saint Helena]] || [[Saint Helena]] |- | SKK || 703 || 2 || [[Koruna ya Slovak]] || [[Slovakia]] |- | SLL || 694 || 2 || [[Leone]] || [[Sierra Leone]] |- | SOS || 706 || 2 || [[Shillingi ya Somalia]] || [[Somalia]] |- | SRD || 968 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Surinam]] || [[Suriname]] |- | STD || 678 || 2 || [[Dobra]] || [[São Tomé na Príncipe]] |- | SYP || 760 || 2 || [[Lira ya Syria]] || [[Syria]] |- | SZL || 748 || 2 || [[Lilangeni]] || [[Eswatini]] |- | THB || 764 || 2 || [[Baht]] || [[Thailand]] |- | TJS || 972 || 2 || [[Somoni]] || [[Tajikistan]] |- | TMM || 795 || 2 || [[Manat ya Turkmenistani]] || [[Turkmenistan]] |- | TND || 788 || 3 || [[Dinari ya Tunisia]] || [[Tunisia]] |- | TOP || 776 || 2 || [[Pa'anga]] || [[Tonga]] |- | TRY || 949 || 2 || [[Lira ya Uturuki]] || [[Uturuki]] |- | TTD || 780 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Trinidad na Tobago]] |- | TWD || 901 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Taiwan]] || [[Taiwan]] |- | TZS || 834 || 2 || [[Shillingi ya Tanzania]] || [[Tanzania]] |- | UAH || 980 || 2 || [[Hryvnia]] || [[Ukraine]] |- | UGX || 800 || 2 || [[Shillingi ya Uganda]] || [[Uganda]] |- | USD || 840 || 2 || [[Dollar]] || [[American Samoa]], [[British Indian Ocean Territory]], [[Ecuador]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guam]], [[Haiti]], [[Marshall Islands]], [[Micronesia]], [[Northern Mariana Islands]], [[Palau]], [[Panama]], [[Timor ya Mashariki]], [[Visiwa vya Turks na Caicos]], [[Marekani]], [[Visiwa vya Virgin]] |- | UYU || 858 || 2 || [[Peso Uruguayo]] || [[Uruguay]] |- | UZS || 860 || 2 || [[Som]] || [[Uzbekistan]] |- | VEB || 862 || 2 || [[Bolívar]] || [[Venezuela]] |- | VND || 704 || 2 || [[Dồng]] || [[Vietnam]] |- | VUV || 548 || 0 || [[Vatu]] || [[Vanuatu]] |- | WST || 882 || 2 || [[Tala]] || [[Samoa]] |- | XAF || 950 || 0 || [[Franc ya CFA - BEAC]] || [[Kamerun]], [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]], [[Chad]], [[Guinea ya Ikweta]], [[Gabon]] |- | XAG || 961 || . || [[Fedha]] ([[aunsi ya Troy]] moja) || |- | XAU || 959 || . || [[Dhahabu]] ([[aunsi ya Troy]] moja) || |- | XCD || 951 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Karibi]] || [[Anguilla]], [[Antigua na Barbuda]], [[Dominica]], [[Grenada]], [[Montserrat]], [[Saint Kitts na Nevis]], [[Saint Lucia]], [[Saint Vincent na Visiwa vya Grenadini]] |- | XOF || 952 || 0 || [[Franc ya CFA - BCEAO]] || [[Benin]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Senegal]], [[Togo]] |- | XPD || 964 || . || [[Palladi]] ([[aunsi ya Troy]] moja) || |- | XPF || 953 || 0 || [[CFP Franc ya]] || [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]], [[New Caledonia]], [[Wallis na Futuna]] |- | XPT || 962 || . || [[Platini]] ([[aunsi ya Troy]] moja) || |- | YER || 886 || 2 || [[Rial ya Yemeni]] || [[Yemen]] |- | ZAR || 710 || 2 || [[Rand]] || [[Afrika Kusini]] |- | ZMK || 894 || 2 || [[Kwacha ya Zambia]] || [[Zambia]] |- | ZWD || 716 || 2 || [[Dollar ya Zimbabwe]] || [[Zimbabwe]] |} ==Marejeo== <references/> * [https://www.iso.org/iso-4217-currency-codes.html What is ISO 4217?] * [https://www.currency-iso.org/en/home/tables/table-a1.html Current currency & funds code list] [[Jamii:Pesa]] [[Jamii:Vipimo sanifu vya kimataifa]] [[Jamii:Kifupi|!]] pzqqri9rjvzdehc4q4hvln0d50ycyl7 Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi 0 12942 1241099 1178969 2022-08-08T14:03:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Universityofnairobi.jpg|thumb|Chuo kikuu cha Nirobi]] {{Infobox university |jina = Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi |native_name = University of Nairobi |jina_la_picha = |ukubwa_wa_picha = |picha_alt = |maelezo_ya_picha= |jina_la_kilatini= |wito = |wito_sw = |kimeanzishwa = 1956 Royal Technical College1961 Royal College Nairobi1964 University College Nairobi1970 University of Nairobi |wito = |picha =  |aina = [[Public university|Public]] |wakfu = |undergrad = 17,200 |postgrad = 4,800 |chansela = Joseph Barrage Wanjui |vice_chancellor = Prof. G.A.O. Magoha |kampasi = [[Maeneo ya mjini|Mjini]] |mji = [[Nairobi]] |affiliations = [[Association of Commonwealth Universities|ACU]] |jimbo = |nchi = [[Kenya]] |tovuti = [http://www.uonbi.ac.ke/ www.uonbi.ac.ke] }} '''Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi''' (UoN) ni [[chuo kikuu]] kikubwa zaidi nchini [[Kenya]]. Ingawa historia yake kama taasisi ya elimu ilianza 1956, hakikufanya kuwa chuo kikuu huria mpaka 1970 wakati [[Chuo Kikuu cha Afrika Mashariki]] kiligawanywa katika vyuo vikuu huria: [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]] nchini [[Uganda]], [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]] nchini [[Tanzania]], na Chuo Kikuu cha [[Nairobi]]. Mwaka wa 2002 Chuo hiki kilikuwa na wanafunzi 22,000, na 17,200 kati yao walikuwa wakisomea shahada ya msingi na 4,800 walikuwa wakisomea shahada ya kumudu. Chuo kikuu kimezindua mipango kadhaa ya kisera na kuanzisha [[shahada sambamba]] kukabiliana na mahitaji ya elimu nchini Kenya. == Historia == Mwanzo wa Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi huanzia 1956, pamoja na uanzishwaji wa Royal Technical College ambapo walisajili kundi la kwanza la wahitimu wa masomo ya A-levels katika masomo ya kiufundi mwezi wa Aprili mwaka huo huo. Royal Technical College ilibadilishwa kuwa Chuo cha pili katika Afrika Mashariki tarehe 25 Juni 1961 chini ya jina Royal College Nairobi. Chuo kilikuwa na uhusiano maalum na [[Chuo Kikuu cha London]] ambapo kilianza kuandaa wanafunzi katika vitivo ya sanaa, sayansi, na uhandisi kwa tuzo ya shahada kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha London]]. Tarehe 20 Mei 1964, Royal College Nairobi ilibadilishwa jina ikawa University College Nairobi kama chuo kilichokuwa sehemu ya Inter-territorial Federal University of East Africa, na baadaye vizazi ya wanafunzi waliojiunga walikuwa wakihitimu shahada zao kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Afrika Mashariki badala ya [[Chuo Kikuu cha London]]. Mwaka 1970, University College Nairobi kiligeuzwa kikawa chuo kikuu cha Taifa cha kwanza nchini Kenya na kikabadilishwa jina kuwa Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi. Hivi majuzi, chuo kikuu kimefanya mahusiano na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Rome La Sapienza]] [http://www.uonbi.ac.ke/inter_university_coop/uon_uor/ ]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} na [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] huko [[Ubelgiji]] [http://www.uonbi.ac.ke/inter_university_coop/vlir/index.htm ]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} hasa kwa madhumuni ya utafiti. == Vyuo == Kwa mtazamo wa upanuzi wa haraka na ugomo wa utawala, chuo kikuu kilifanywa marekebishaji mwaka 1983 kusababisha mgawanyiko wa utawala kupitia uumbaji wa vyuo vya kampasi sita zinazoongozwa na wakuu. * Chuo cha Kilimo na Afya ya Wanyama (Kampasi ya Kabete Kaskazini) * Chuo cha Usanifu na Uhandisi (Kampasi Kuu) * Chuo cha Biolojia na Sayansi za Kimwili (Kampasi ya Chiromo) * Chuo cha Elimu na Mafunzo ya Nje (Kampasi ya Kikuyu) * Chuo cha Sayansi ya Afya (Hospitali ya Kitaifa ya Kenyatta) * Chuo cha Utu na Sayansi ya Kijamii (Kampasi Kuu) == Vitivo == * Kitivo cha Kilimo * Kitivo cha Sanaa * Kitivo cha Biashara (Faculty of Commerce) * Kitivo cha Elimu * Kitivo cha Masomo ya Nje * Kitivo cha Sheria * Kitivo cha Sayansi * Kitivo cha Sayansi ya Kijamii * Kitivo cha Afya ya Wanyama * Taasisi ya Masomo ya Kiafrika * Shule ya kompyuta na data * Shule ya Uhandisi * shule ya Sayansi ya Uuguzi * Shule ya Sayansi ya Meno * Shule ya Utabibu * Shule ya Madawa * Shule ya Mazingira yaliyojengwa == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.uonbi.ac.ke/ Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi tovuti rasmi] * [http://www.eduKenya.com Taarifa Kuhusu Kenya na vyuo vikuu] * [http://www.kenyaplex.com/ Vyuo vikuu bora nchini Kenya] {{nairobi}} {{coord|1|16.78|S|36|48.99|E|type:edu|display=title}} {{Africa-university-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nairobi, Chuo Kikuu cha}} [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Taasisi za elimu]] [[Jamii:Elimu jijini Nairobi]] [[Category:Shirika la Vyuo Vikuu vya Jumuia ya Madola]] e6tqbr4ia4966l3v95srg0k3ioxwjjh A 0 13785 1241439 1218126 2022-08-09T09:17:47Z Kipala 107 /* Maana za A */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{A-Z}}[[Picha:Fonts-A.jpg|thumb|300px|Herufi '''A''' kwa mwandishi mbalimbali]] '''A''' ni herufi ya kwanza katika [[alfabeti ya Kilatini]] ambayo ni pia mwandiko wa [[Kiswahili]] cha kisasa. Asili yake ni [[Alfa]] ya [[alfabeti ya Kigiriki|Kigiriki]]. == Maana za A == * katika [[muziki]] '''A''' ni noti. * Katika [[tiba]] '''A''' ni aina ya [[damu]]. * Kwa magari '''A''' ni alama ya gari kutoka [[Austria]]. * Kati ya vipimo '''a''' ni alama ya [[Ar]] yaani eneo la mita kumi mara kumi * Katika [[fizikia]] '''A''' ni alama ya [[ampea]]. * Katika shule za nchi mbalimbali '''A''' ni [[daraja]] la juu i(la kufaulu) linalowezekana * kwa maana ya kiashirio '''A''' ni alama ya chanzo == Historia == {| class="wikitable" |- style="background-color:#EEEEEE; text-align:center;" ! Kichwa ch ng'ombe (Alama ya kale iliyokuwa silabi) ! "Alef" ya Wafinisia (neno lao kwa ng'ombe) ! Kigiriki Alfa ! Kilatini A |- style="background-color:white; text-align:center;" |[[Picha:Proto-semiticA-01.svg|Proto-semitic ox head]] |[[Picha:PhoenicianA-01.svg|Phoenician aleph]] |[[Picha:Alpha uc lc.svg|65px|Greek alpha]] |[[Picha:RomanA-01.svg|Roman A]] |} Asili ya herufi A ni miandiko iliyotangulia alfabeti ya Kilatini. Waroma walipokea mwandiko kutoka alfabeti ya Kigiriki kupitia alfabeti za Kiitalia za awali kama Kietruski. Wagiriki walipokea kutoka Wafinisia. Kama herufi nyingine za alfabeti ya Kigiriki alfa imetoka katika [[alfabeti ya Wafinisia]] iliyokuwa [[alfabeti]] ya kwanza ya dunia. Wafinisia waliendeleza [[mwandiko wa kikabari]] wa kale uliokuwa mwandiko wa silabi na kuifanya alfabeti ya herufi moja-moja. Faida ya alfabeti ni ya kwamba inahitaji alama chache kulingana na mwandiko wa silabi mwenye alama kwa kila silabi ya lugha fulani au mwandiko picha unaohitaji maelfu ya alama za picha. === Alef ya Wafinisia === [[Wafinisia]] walichukua alama ya ng'ombe wakairahisisha na kuiita kwa neno lao "alef" lenye maana ya "ng'ombe" lakini walisoma tu "'" yaani kituo kimya jinsi ilivyo hadi sasa katika alef ya [[Kiebrania]]. Hivyo walifanya picha kuwa herufi. Herufi ilinama jinsi kichwa cha ng'ombe kinavyoonekana kikitazamiwa kutoka kando. === Alfa ya Wagiriki === Wagiriki walipokea alfabeti kutoka Wafinisia na pia jina la herufi hii. Hawakuwa na matumizi kwa ile sauti kimya ya Wafinisia lakini walihitaji herufi za vokali ambazo hazikuandikwa katika Kifinisia jinsi ilivyo hadi sasa katika Kiebrania na pia mara nyingi katika [[Kiarabu]]. Kwa hiyo walitumia alama kwa sauti ya A wakabadilisha kidogo jina kuwa "alfa" badala ya "alef". Lakini katika lugha yao hawakuelewa tena maana asilia iliyokuwa "ng'ombe". Kwao ilikuwa alama ya sauti tu. Mwanzoni waliandika herufi kwa umbo la kulala kama Wafinisia lakini katika karne za baadaye herufi iligeuzwa na kuandikwa mwishowe jinsi tunavyozoea leo. [[Jamii:Alfabeti ya Kilatini]] rbaqxvl4cre31lw3jm49ve3mbh3vp0u 1241440 1241439 2022-08-09T09:18:05Z Kipala 107 Protected "[[A]]" ([Kuhariri=Zuia watumiaji wapya au wale ambao hawajajisajilisha] (bila mwisho)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{A-Z}}[[Picha:Fonts-A.jpg|thumb|300px|Herufi '''A''' kwa mwandishi mbalimbali]] '''A''' ni herufi ya kwanza katika [[alfabeti ya Kilatini]] ambayo ni pia mwandiko wa [[Kiswahili]] cha kisasa. Asili yake ni [[Alfa]] ya [[alfabeti ya Kigiriki|Kigiriki]]. == Maana za A == * katika [[muziki]] '''A''' ni noti. * Katika [[tiba]] '''A''' ni aina ya [[damu]]. * Kwa magari '''A''' ni alama ya gari kutoka [[Austria]]. * Kati ya vipimo '''a''' ni alama ya [[Ar]] yaani eneo la mita kumi mara kumi * Katika [[fizikia]] '''A''' ni alama ya [[ampea]]. * Katika shule za nchi mbalimbali '''A''' ni [[daraja]] la juu i(la kufaulu) linalowezekana * kwa maana ya kiashirio '''A''' ni alama ya chanzo == Historia == {| class="wikitable" |- style="background-color:#EEEEEE; text-align:center;" ! Kichwa ch ng'ombe (Alama ya kale iliyokuwa silabi) ! "Alef" ya Wafinisia (neno lao kwa ng'ombe) ! Kigiriki Alfa ! Kilatini A |- style="background-color:white; text-align:center;" |[[Picha:Proto-semiticA-01.svg|Proto-semitic ox head]] |[[Picha:PhoenicianA-01.svg|Phoenician aleph]] |[[Picha:Alpha uc lc.svg|65px|Greek alpha]] |[[Picha:RomanA-01.svg|Roman A]] |} Asili ya herufi A ni miandiko iliyotangulia alfabeti ya Kilatini. Waroma walipokea mwandiko kutoka alfabeti ya Kigiriki kupitia alfabeti za Kiitalia za awali kama Kietruski. Wagiriki walipokea kutoka Wafinisia. Kama herufi nyingine za alfabeti ya Kigiriki alfa imetoka katika [[alfabeti ya Wafinisia]] iliyokuwa [[alfabeti]] ya kwanza ya dunia. Wafinisia waliendeleza [[mwandiko wa kikabari]] wa kale uliokuwa mwandiko wa silabi na kuifanya alfabeti ya herufi moja-moja. Faida ya alfabeti ni ya kwamba inahitaji alama chache kulingana na mwandiko wa silabi mwenye alama kwa kila silabi ya lugha fulani au mwandiko picha unaohitaji maelfu ya alama za picha. === Alef ya Wafinisia === [[Wafinisia]] walichukua alama ya ng'ombe wakairahisisha na kuiita kwa neno lao "alef" lenye maana ya "ng'ombe" lakini walisoma tu "'" yaani kituo kimya jinsi ilivyo hadi sasa katika alef ya [[Kiebrania]]. Hivyo walifanya picha kuwa herufi. Herufi ilinama jinsi kichwa cha ng'ombe kinavyoonekana kikitazamiwa kutoka kando. === Alfa ya Wagiriki === Wagiriki walipokea alfabeti kutoka Wafinisia na pia jina la herufi hii. Hawakuwa na matumizi kwa ile sauti kimya ya Wafinisia lakini walihitaji herufi za vokali ambazo hazikuandikwa katika Kifinisia jinsi ilivyo hadi sasa katika Kiebrania na pia mara nyingi katika [[Kiarabu]]. Kwa hiyo walitumia alama kwa sauti ya A wakabadilisha kidogo jina kuwa "alfa" badala ya "alef". Lakini katika lugha yao hawakuelewa tena maana asilia iliyokuwa "ng'ombe". Kwao ilikuwa alama ya sauti tu. Mwanzoni waliandika herufi kwa umbo la kulala kama Wafinisia lakini katika karne za baadaye herufi iligeuzwa na kuandikwa mwishowe jinsi tunavyozoea leo. [[Jamii:Alfabeti ya Kilatini]] rbaqxvl4cre31lw3jm49ve3mbh3vp0u Anne Sullivan 0 17430 1241148 882663 2022-08-08T14:53:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:AnneSullivanMacy.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Anne Sullivan mnamo 1887]] '''Anne Sullivan''' ([[14 Aprili]] [[1866]] – [[20 Oktoba]] [[1936]]) alikuwa [[mwalimu]] kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Anafahamika zaidi kwa kuwa kama mwalimu wa mwanaharakati wa haki za binadamu Bi. [[Helen Keller]]. Anne Sullivan alizaliwa mjini [[Feeding Hills, Massachusetts|Feeding Hills]], [[Massachusetts]]. Wazazi wake, Thomas Sullivan na Alice Clohessy, walikuwa wakulima maskini kutoka nchini [[Ireland|Eire]], ambao walikimbia nchini mnamo mwaka wa 1847 kwasababu ya [[Ukame wa Eire|ukame]] uliotokea nchini humo kwa kipindi hicho. {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1866|1936|Sullivan, Anne}} [[Category:Wanawake wa Marekani]] mt4udb6ae81htiv9az4g8pqqxhmyf95 Wolfgang Lukschy 0 19293 1241008 883349 2022-08-08T12:24:59Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | jina = Wolfgang Lukschy | picha = Wolfgang Lukschy.jpg | ukubwa wa picha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina la kuzaliwa = | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = [[19 Oktoba]] [[1905]] | mahala pa kuzaliwa = [[Berlin]], [[Ujerumani]] | tarehe ya kufa = [[10 Julai]] [[1983]] | mahala alipofia = | jina lingine = | miaka ya kazi = 1940 - 1979 | ndoa = | tovuti = | academyawards = | emmyawards = | tonyawards = }} '''Wolfgang Lukschy''' ([[19 Oktoba]] [[1905]] - [[10 Julai]] [[1983]] mjini [[Berlin]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] na na muundaji wa rekodi za muziki wa filamu kutoka nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Huyu, alishawahi kutumbuiza katika maukumbi, filamu, na vipindi vya [[televisheni]] ([[tamthilia]]). Amecheza zaidi ya filamu 75 pamoja na kuonekana katika vipindi vya TV kunako miaka ya 1940 na 1979. Inawezekana akawa ameanza kufahamika zaidi baada ya kucheza kama Alfred Jodi katika filamu ya kivita ya [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] mnamo mwaka wa 1962 ya ''The Longest Day''. Pia anajulikana zaidi kwa kucheza kama John Baxter katika mkusanyika wa kwanza wa filamu iliongozwa na [[Sergio Leone]] ya ''[[A Fistful of Dollars]]'' kunako 1964, akiwa sambamba kabisa na [[Clint Eastwood]] na [[Gian Maria Volontè]]. [[Picha:Wolfgang Lukschyffd64.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Lukschy akicheza kama John Baxter katika filamu ya ''[[A Fistful of Dollars]]'' (1964) akiwa na [[Clint Eastwood]].]] ==Viungo vya nje== * {{IMDb name|id=0525742}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filoamu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lukschy, Wolfgang}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Spaghetti Western]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1905]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1983]] d3c3wrzx9k8w6t5a4tvfl2yb6fy7mos 1241009 1241008 2022-08-08T12:25:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | jina = Wolfgang Lukschy | picha = Wolfgang Lukschy.jpg | ukubwa wa picha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina la kuzaliwa = | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = [[19 Oktoba]] [[1905]] | mahala pa kuzaliwa = [[Berlin]], [[Ujerumani]] | tarehe ya kufa = [[10 Julai]] [[1983]] | mahala alipofia = | jina lingine = | miaka ya kazi = 1940 - 1979 | ndoa = | tovuti = | academyawards = | emmyawards = | tonyawards = }} '''Wolfgang Lukschy''' ([[19 Oktoba]] [[1905]] - [[10 Julai]] [[1983]] mjini [[Berlin]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] na na muundaji wa rekodi za muziki wa filamu kutoka nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Huyu, alishawahi kutumbuiza katika maukumbi, filamu, na vipindi vya [[televisheni]] ([[tamthilia]]). Amecheza zaidi ya filamu 75 pamoja na kuonekana katika vipindi vya TV kunako miaka ya 1940 na 1979. Inawezekana akawa ameanza kufahamika zaidi baada ya kucheza kama Alfred Jodi katika filamu ya kivita ya [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] mnamo mwaka wa 1962 ya ''The Longest Day''. Pia anajulikana zaidi kwa kucheza kama John Baxter katika mkusanyika wa kwanza wa filamu iliyoongozwa na [[Sergio Leone]] ya ''[[A Fistful of Dollars]]'' kunako 1964, akiwa sambamba kabisa na [[Clint Eastwood]] na [[Gian Maria Volontè]]. [[Picha:Wolfgang Lukschyffd64.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Lukschy akicheza kama John Baxter katika filamu ya ''[[A Fistful of Dollars]]'' (1964) akiwa na [[Clint Eastwood]].]] ==Viungo vya nje== * {{IMDb name|id=0525742}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lukschy, Wolfgang}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Spaghetti Western]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1905]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1983]] mx8nsti6qtv5bwj33tmquibmdmsel4x AfriNIC 0 29055 1241234 886739 2022-08-08T19:12:32Z Bestoernesto 23840 /* Nchi */ upgrade Eswatini wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kituo cha Habari ya Mtandao Afrika''' (kifupi chake kwa Kiingereza: '''AfriNIC''' yaani '''African Network Information Center''') ni moja kati ya shirika la ugawaji wa na usajili wa anwani za IP ya Internet kwa ajili ya Afrika, yaani, [[Usajili Internet wa Kikanda]]. Makao makuu ya AfriNIC yapo mjini [[Ebene]], [[Morisi]]. Hapo awali, anwani za IP za Afrika zilikuwa zikisambazwa na APNIC, ARIN, ana RIPE NCC. <ref>[http://www.iana.org/icp/icp-2.htm IANA]</ref> ==Nchi== {| align="center" cellpadding="1" |- | * [[Algeria]] * [[Angola]] * [[Benin]] * [[Botswana]] * [[Burkina Faso]] * [[Burundi]] * [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] * [[Cameroon]] * [[Cape Verde]] * [[Central African Republic]] * [[Chad]] * [[Comoros]] * [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] * [[Côte d'Ivoire]] | * [[Djibouti]] * [[Misri]] * [[Guinea ya Ikweta]] * [[Eritrea]] * [[Eswatini]] * [[Ethiopia]] * [[Gabon]] * [[Gambia]] * [[Ghana]] * [[Guinea]] * [[Guinea-Bissau]] * [[Kenya]] * [[Lesotho]] * [[Liberia]] | * [[Libya]] * [[Madagascar]] * [[Malawi]] * [[Mali]] * [[Mauritania]] * [[Morisi]] * [[Mayotte]] * [[Moroko]] * [[Msumbiji]] * [[Namibia]] * [[Niger]] * [[Nigeria]] * [[Réunion]] * [[Rwanda]] * [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | * [[Senegal]] * [[Shelisheli]] * [[Sierra Leone]] * [[Somaliland]] * [[Afrika Kusini]] * [[Sudan]] * [[Tanzania]] * [[Togo]] * [[Tunisia]] * [[Uganda]] * [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] * [[Zambia]] * [[Zimbabwe]] |} ==Tazama pia== * [[Intaneti]] ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya Nje== * [http://www.afrinic.net/ AfriNIC] {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Afrika]] [[Jamii:Intaneti]] [[Jamii:Kifupi]] fx22jrqoo02qh41p1qb3bx6833hkohf Genevieve Nnaji 0 29279 1241141 1236107 2022-08-08T14:48:09Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 |picha = genevieve30.jpg |maelezo ya picha = Genevieve Nnaji akiwa katika muda wa chakula cha mchana kwenye studio ya masuala ya mavazi ya St. Genevieve mjini Lagos Nigeria, Mei 2008 | ukubwa wa picha = 225px |jina la kuzaliwa = Genevieve Nnaji |tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|1979|5|3|df=yes}} |mahala pa kuzaliwa = Mbaise, Imo, [[Nigeria]] | kazi yake = Mwigizaji, Mwanamitindo, Mwimbaji }} '''Genevieve Nnaji''' (amezaliwa [[3 Mei]] [[1979]] mjini Mbaise, Imo, [[Nigeria]])<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2105039/ Genevieve Nnaji at IMDB.com]</ref> ni mwigizaji, mzalishaji na muongozaji wa [[filamu]] kutoka nchini [[Nigeria]]. Alishinda [[tuzo]] ya ''Africa Movie Academy award akiwa'' [[muigizaji]] bora wa kike aliye kuwa kama muhusika mkuu, [[mwaka]] [[2005]], ikimfanya kuwa muigizaji wa kwanza kushinda tuzo hiyo. == Wasifu == ==Maisha ya awali== Nnaji alizaliwa Mbaise, jimbo la Imo, [[Nigeria]], na alikulia [[Lagos]]. Akiwa wa nne kati ya watoto nane, alikulia katika familia ya maisha ya kati; baba yake alifanya kazi kama mhandisi na mama yake alifanya kazi kama mwalimu wa shule ya awali. Alisoma katika chuo cha kimethodist cha wasichana (Yaba, Lagos), kabla ya kuhamia chuo kikuu cha Lagos, ambapo alihitimu na shahada ya Sanaa ya ubunifu. Wakati akiwa chuoni Alianza kutafuta kazi za uigizaji Nollywood. == Shughuli == Nnaji alianza shughuli zake za uigizaji akiwa kama mwigizaji mtoto kwenye tamthilia za televisheni – Ripples akiwa na umri wa miaka 8. Pia amewahi kushirikishwa kwenye matangazo ya biashara kadhaa ikiwemo kinywaji cha Pronto na sabuni ya Omo. Mnamo mwaka wa 1998 akiwa na umri wa miaka 19 alianza kuonekana katika soko la filamu za watu wakubwa za Kinigeria – “Most Wanted”. Filamu zake za baadaye ni pamoja na ''Last Party'', ''Mark of the Beast'' na ''Ijele''. Nnaji amepokea tuzo kadhaa kwa ajili ya kazi yake. Tuzzo hizo ni pamoja na kuopewa na jina la mwigizaji bora wa mwaka wa 2001 na City People Awards, na kupkea heshima ya kuwa mwigizaji bora mnamo mwaka wa 2005 kwenye African Movie Academy Awards (AMAA). Mnamo mwaka wa 2004 ameingia mkataba na studio ya Kighana na kutoa albamu. Mnamo mwaka wa 2008, Nnaji ameanzisha mradi wa mavazi, "St. Genevieve," ambao pia huchangia asilia kadhaa katika mradi wa maendeleo ya uhisani. == Filmografia == {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} * 30 Days * Above Death: In God We Trust * Above the Law * Agbako * Age Of My Agony * Agony * Battleline * Blood Sisters * Break Up * Broken Tears - (''akiwa na Van Vicker, Kate Henshaw-Nuttal na Grace Amah'') * Bumper To Bumper * Butterfly * By His Grace * Camouflage * Caught In The Act * Church Business * Confidence * Could This Be Love * Critical Decision * Dangerous Sisters * Day of Doom * Deadly Mistake * Death Warrant * Emergency Wedding * Emerald * For Better For Worse * Formidable Force * Games Women Play * Girls Cot * Goodbye Newyork * God Loves Prostitutes * He Lives In Me * Honey * Ijele * Into Temptation * Jack Knife * Jealous Lovers * Keeping Faith {{col-2}} * Last Weekend * Late Marriage * Letter to a Stranger * Love * Love Affair * Love Boat * Man of Power * More Than Sisters * Never Die For Love * Not Man Enough * Passion And Pain * Passions * Player * Power Of Love * Power Play * Private Sin * Prophecy * Rip Off * Rising Sun * Runs * Secret Evil * Sharon Stone * Sharon Stone In Abuja * Stand By Me * Super Love * Sympathy * The Chosen One * The Coming of Amobi * The Rich Also Cry * The Wind * Treasure * Two Together * U Or Never * Unbreakable * Valentino * Warrior's Heart * Women Affair {{col-end}} == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nnaji, Genevieve}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 13dk76xes269q21klid60d3w0z2nk5f Orson Welles 0 30588 1240925 1202972 2022-08-08T12:00:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox actor | jina = Orson Welles | picha = Orson Welles 1937.jpg | ukubwa wa picha = 260px | maelezo ya picha = Orson Welles in 1937, photographed by [[Carl Van Vechten]]. | jina la kuzaliwa = George Orson Welles | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{birth date|1915|5|6}} | mahala pa kuzaliwa = [[Kenosha, Wisconsin]], [[Marekani|US]] | tarehe ya kufa = {{death date and age|1985|10|10|1915|5|6}} | mahala alipofia = [[Los Angeles, California]], [[Marekani|US]] | kazi yake = Mwigizaji, Mwongozaji, Mwandishi, Mtayarishaji, Mwigizaji wa sauti | miaka ya kazi = 1934–1985 | ndoa = Virginia Nicholson (1934-1940) [[Rita Hayworth]] (1943-1948) Paola Mori (1955-1985) | domesticpartner = [[Dolores del Río]] (1938-1941) [[Oja Kodar]] (1966-1985) }} '''George Orson Welles''' ([[6 Mei]] [[1915]] - [[10 Oktoba]] [[1985]]), anafahamika kama '''Orson Welles''', alikuwa mwongozaji wa filamu wa Marekani, mwandishi, mwigizaji na mtayarishaji, ambaye alifanya kazi sana katika filamu, maonyesho, televisheni na redio. Welles alikuwa pia ni mchawi aliyetimia, nyota katika vikosi mbalimbali vya usalama katika miaka ya vita. ==Viungo vya nje== * {{IMDb name|id=0000080|name=Orson Welles}} * {{tcmdb name|id=203979|name=Orson Welles}} * {{ibdb name|id=7963|name=Orson Welles}} * {{en}} [http://wellesnet.com/ Wellesnet] The Orson Welles Web Resource * {{en}} [http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/wellesbib.html Orson Welles bibliography] (via UC Berkeley Media Resources Center) * {{en}} [http://www.orsonwelles.co.uk/ Orsonwelles.co.uk] a British site devoted to the work of Orson Welles * {{en}} [http://www.war-ofthe-worlds.co.uk/ ''War of the Worlds''] history of the ''War of the Worlds'' radio broadcast and additional historical material on ''War of the Worlds'' * {{en}} [http://www.mercurytheatre.info/ Mercury Theatre on the Air] website provides MP3 and Real Audio files of Welles's radio dramas * {{en}} [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fedtp/ftmb1.html ''Macbeth'', New York City, April 14 - June 20, 1936] Production notebook, playscript, and related documents from the digital collection '''The New Deal Stage''' at the [[Library of Congress]]. Retrieved on 8/25/2009 * {{en}} [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fedtp/ftfst1.html ''The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus'', New York City, January 8, 1937] Production notebook, Conductor's Score, and related documents from the digital collection The New Deal Stage at the [[Library of Congress]]. Retrieved on 8/25/2009 * {{en}} [http://www.transpacificradio.com/2007/02/26/nazi1/ ''Nazi Eyes On Canada'', starring Orson Welles] {{Wayback|url=http://www.transpacificradio.com/2007/02/26/nazi1/ |date=20110929160018 }}, 1942 CBC war loan series * {{en}} [http://ambersons.com/ ''The Magnificent Ambersons''] a site that details the strange saga of Welles's second film * {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20010428051813/http://www.geocities.com/orsonwelleslives/ The Unseen Welles] a guide to Welles's unfinished and unreleased projects * {{en}} [http://www.indiana.edu/~liblilly/guides/welles/orsonwelles.html The Orson Welles collection] at the Lilly Library, Indiana University * {{en}} [http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2003/great-directors/welles/ Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database] * {{fr}} [http://cinemaclassic.free.fr/welles/biographie_welles.htm Orson Welles biography] * {{en}} [http://www.accessinterviews.com/interviews/detail/orson-welles/2956 1985 interview from ''The Times''] * {{en}} [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0506.html Obituary], ''New York Times'' * {{en}} [http://www.ubu.com/outsiders/365/2003/060.shtml UBU Web's 365 Days Project] Outtake from Welles's [[Frozen Peas]] commercial. * {{en}} [http://www.ubu.com/film/welles.html Orson Welles - The One Man Band] (German documentary, 1995) * {{en}} [http://ubu.artmob.ca/video/Welles-Orson_The-One-Man-Band_1995.avi Full.avi download] {{Wayback|url=http://ubu.artmob.ca/video/Welles-Orson_The-One-Man-Band_1995.avi |date=20100922231541 }} * {{en}} [http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=912&keyword=wells Orson Welles The Wisconsin Historical Society] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=912&keyword=wells |date=20150511104406 }} * {{en}} [http://museumoforsonwelles.blogspot.com/ The Museum of Orson Welles] comprehensive collection of radio shows * {{en}} [http://www.radiohorrorhosts.com/soundfilm.html A Film Maker with a Sound Background] An essay on Welles' extensive radio work and its innovative influence on filmmaking via Citizen Kane. * {{findagrave|3587}} {{OrsonWelles}} {{Commons category|Orson Welles}} {{Wikiquote}} {{BD|1915|1985||Welles, Orson}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waongozaji Filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Washindi wa Tuzo za Grammy]] [[Jamii:Spaghetti Western]] 3upm7owvj3645zrqumd8w00dsvqmsks Chuo Kikuu cha Strathmore 0 32319 1241101 1190004 2022-08-08T14:05:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:An_aerial_view_of_Strathmore-University_Keri_campus.jpg|thumb|Chuo kikuu cha strathmore]] {{Infobox_University |jina = Chuo Kikuu cha Strathmore |native_name = Strathmore University |jina_la_kilatini = |wito = ''Ut omnes unum sint'' |wito_sw = That all may be one |mg = Strathmore university updated logo.jpg |kimefungwa = 1961 |aina = [[Private University|Private]] |staff = 422 |chansela = Msg. [[Javier Echevarria Rodriguez|Javier Echevarría]], Prof. John Odhiambo (Vice Chancellor) |mji = [[Nairobi]] |nchi = [[Kenya]] |undergrad = 5,088 |postgrad = N/A |faculty = 208 |kampasi = Madaraka ({{convert|40|acre|m2|-3}}) |tovuti = [http://www.strathmore.edu/ www.strathmore.edu] }} '''Chuo Kikuu cha Strathmore''' ni chuo cha binafsi mjini [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]. Chuo cha Strathmore kilianzishwa mwaka wa 1961, kama chuo cha kiwango cha sita kinachofunza sayansi na sanaa za masomo, na kundi la wataalamu ambao walianzisha Hisani ya Kielimu inayoaminika sasa (Strathmore Educational Trust). Mtakatifu Josemaría Escrivá, mwanzilishi wa Opus Dei, aliwaongoza na kuwapa moyo kuanzisha chuo hicho hiyo. Mradi wa uhasibu umefanikiwa sana chuoni Strathmore :katika kipindi cha miaka kumi iliyopita, asilimia 60 ya wanafainali wa CPA nchini Kenya hutoka Strathmore. ==Historia== Machi 1966, Wanafunzi 25 wa kwanza wa Uhasibu walijiunga na kidato cha sita, na kuanza kujiandaa kwa ajili ya mitihani ambo makao yake ni Uingereza (ACCA). Wanafunzi hawa walifadhiliwa na kampuni za Shell East Africa, British American Tobacco Kenya na East African Breweries. Mnamo Oktoba 1982, Chuo kilianzisha kosi ya Uhasibu ya jioni na wanafunzi 60 walifadhiliwa na makampuni mbalimbali. Mnamo Mwaka 1986, katika kuitikia ombi la Bodi ya Wadhamini, serikali ya Kenya ilihariji eka 5 ya ardhi iliyokatika barabara ya Ole Sangale, mtaa wa Madaraka. Muungano wa nchi za Ulaya na serikali ya Italia zilikubali kuiunga mkono mradi wa chuo kikuu huko Madaraka. Wahisani walitaka kuunga mkono chuo cha kielimu ambayo hutoa kosi katika Usimamizi na Uhasibu. Chuo cha Kianda, kijisehenu cha wakfu wa Kianda, ambacho kilikuwa na mipango ya maendeleo mapya wakati huo, kilikubali kuendesha kosi zao za kikazi katika chuo kikuu kipya ya Madaraka. Ujenzi wa kampasi mpya ulianzia mwezi Septemba mwaka wa1989. Wakati huo huo, mnamo Januari 1991, Kituo cha Teknolojia ya Habari ulianzishwa katika kampasi ya Lavington kuendesha kozi za kompyuta ambayo ilipelekea utangulizi wa Taasisi kwa ajili ya Usimamizi wa Mfummo wa Habari ya shahada na shahada ya Juu. Mnamo Januari 1992, Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Mbali kilifunguliwa kutoa kosi ya Uhasibu kwa wanafunzi ambao hawawezi kuhudhuria mihadhara. Mnamo Januari mwaka wa 1993, Chuo cha Strathmore kiliungana na kile cha Kianda na kuhamia katika barabara ya Ole Sangale iliyo katika mtaa wa Madaraka, jijini Nairobi. Mnamo Agosti 2002, Tume ya Elimu ya Juu iliituza Strathmore tuzo la barua ya mpito ya Mamlaka ya kufanya kazi kama Chuo Kikuu ikiwa na Kitivo cha Biashara na Kitivo cha mawasiliano na technologia.Mnammo Mwaka 2008, Strathmore ilipatiwa mkataba kuwa chuo kikuu kikamilifu. Strathmore imeanzisha skuli ya biashara ,iliyo na uhusiano na taaluma mbalimbali za juu za skuli ya Biashara, zikiwemo IESE na skuli ya Biashara ya Havard ==Ofisi ya Strathmore waliopitia chuo hiki (SALO)== Ofisi ya waliopitia chuo hiki ni ofisi Mbegu ya kimataifa iliyoanzishwa nchini Kenya ikisaidiwa na wakfu wa Chuo Kikuu cha Strathmore (Strathmore University Foundation,Princeton, New Jersey, USA) ili kuendeleza na kusaidia mahusiano na shughuli baina ya Mbegu duniani kote. SALO anawajibu kwa kudumisha uhusiano wa Mbegu na Chuo Kikuu cha Strathmore. ==Vitivo, Mashirika na Shule== ===Vitivo=== *Kitivo cha Biashara *Kitivo cha Teknolojia ya Habari *Kitivo cha Usimamizi wa Ukarimu ===Mashirika=== *Institute of Humanities, Elimu na Mafunzo ya Maendeleo *Taasisi ya kuyaendeleza masomo *Taasisi ya mambo ya binadamu, Elimu na Mafunzo ya Maendeleo muda Desemba 2007 chini ya Kitivo cha Biashara. ===Shule=== *Shule ya Uhasibu *Shule ya Utawala na Usimamizi *Shule ya Biashara ya Strathmore *Shule ya kuhitimu *Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Mbali *Kituo cha Strathmore cha Utafiti na Ushauri ==Ushirika wa Kiakademia== * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Navarra]] * [http://www.sfb.ac.rw/ chuo cha masomo ya benki na mambo ya fedha, Rwanda] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sfb.ac.rw/ |date=20070927233851 }} * Chuo cha biashara cha [[IESE]] * [[Chuo Cha biashara cha Wharton]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Princeton]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.strathmore.edu Chuo Kikuu cha Strathmore] *[http://www.strathmorefoundation.org jamii ya Strathmore] *[http://www.sbs.ac.ke Shule ya Biashara ya Strathmore ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sbs.ac.ke/ |date=20190319180902 }} *[http://www.strathmore.ac.ke Chuo cha Strathmore] *[http://www.kiandaschool.org/ Chuo kikuu cha Kianda] *[http://www.kianda-foundation.org Jamii ya Kianda ] *[http://www.opusdei.org Opus Dei] *[http://www.eduKenya.com Chuo na Vyuo vikuu Kenya] *[http://www.salo-kenya.org Ofisi ya wanafunzi wa Strathmore] {{Wayback|url=http://www.salo-kenya.org/ |date=20160109191226 }} {{nairobi}} [[Jamii:Elimu jijini Nairobi]] [[Jamii:Taasisi za elimu zilizoanzishwa mnamo mwaka 1961]] [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Shirika la Vyuo Vikuu vya Jumuia ya Madola]] 8gzd2b5wtj2pt76i5qbk6190w6qpmrh Lucy Kibaki 0 32440 1241146 972813 2022-08-08T14:52:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox First Lady |name = Lucy Kibaki |image name = Lucy Kibaki.jpg |imagesize = 200px |office = [[First Lady]] of [[Kenya]] |term_start = 29 Desemba 2002 |term_end = |president = |predecessor = [[Ngina Kenyatta]]{{smallsup|1}} |successor = |birth_date = 1940 |birth_place = Mukurwe-ini |birthname = Lucy Muthoni Kibaki |death_date =Tarehe 26 Aprili 2016 (miaka 76) |death_place =Bupa Cromwell Hospital, London |nationality = |party = |spouse = [[Mwai Kibaki]] (m. 1962) |relations = |children = Judy Wanjiku, Jimmy Kibaki, David Kagai, and Tony Githinji. |residence = [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] |alma_mater = |profession = |net worth = |religion = |website = |footnotes = 1. Ngina retained her First Lady status even after the death of her husband in 1978, as incoming President [[Daniel arap Moi]] had separated from his wife in 1974 }} '''Lucy Muthoni Kibaki''' ([[1940]] - [[26 Aprili]], [[2016]]) alikuwa mke wa Rais wa Kenya [[Mwai Kibaki]], yaani alikuwa Mwanamke wa Kwanza wa Kenya (2003-2013). Alizaliwa Mukurwe-ini mwaka wa 1940 kwa Rev. John Kagai na Rose Nyachomba, katika Mlima Kenya. Alifunzwa kuwa mwalimu, na akapandishwa cheo hadi kuwa mwalimu mkuu katika chuo cha mafunzo ya Ualimu huko Kiambu. ==Familia== Alikutana na Mwai Kibaki mwaka wa 1960, na walifunga ndoa mwaka wa 1962. Wanandoa wana watoto wanne: Judy Wanjiku, Jimmy Kibaki, David Kagai, na Tony Githinji. Bi. Kibaki ni mlezi wa Shirika la Chama cha Viongozi Wasichana.<ref>[3] ^ KBC, 23 Februari 2007: First Lady assures KGGA of support</ref> ==Tukio la Nation== Anajulikana kwa uhuru wake wa upekee na hasira yake. Mwaka wa 2005 alipokea vyombo vya habari vya kimataifa kipaumbele kwa kushambulia ofisi ya Nation Media Group (wachapishaji wa The [[Daily Nation]], gazeti la Kenya) na walinzi sita, baada ya kuchukua suala la jarida liliotoa taarifa yake ya kutoelewana kwake na Abdoulaye Makhtar Diop, aliyekuwa Mkurugenzi wa Benki ya Dunia kwa Senegal.<ref>[4] ^ Kenya's first lady storms paper BBC</ref> ==Tukio lifuatalo la Nation == Mwezi Mei 2006, aliumba utata zaidi kwa kusema kwamba vijana nchini Kenya "hawana biashara" kwa kutumia kondomu. Lucy Kibaki aliita wito kwa wanafunzi katika shule siku wa kutunikiwa zawadi wajihini na ngono ili waepuka kuambukizwa na viini vya ukimwi. Yeye ndiye mwenyekiti wa Shirika la Wake arobaini wa Kwanza Afrika wanaopinga Ukimwi. ==Tukio la Kuzaba 2007== Tarehe 12 Desemba 2007 alimzaba kofi afisa rasmi wa serikali aliyechanganisha jina lake na lile la Mary Wambui, mwanamke ambaye amekuwa akiripotiwa kuwa rais mke wa pili. Lucy Kibaki alimzaba kofi Katibu wa kanuni Utawala wa Serikali baada ya kumtambulisha kama "Wambui" wakati wa sherehe ya tuzo ya rais, NTV huru iliripoti. Katibu wa kanuni Utawala wa Serikali, Francis Musyimi, alisimamishwa kwa ghafla kuwa muajibu katika sherehe katika Ikulu mjini Nairobi na alibebwa juu kwa juu na usalama wa nguvu, NTV. Musyimi ni maradufu kama Naibu Katibu wa Baraza la Mawaziri. ==Tukio la Hujumu 2008== Mwaka wa Januari 2008, mbunge wa Kenya wa Imenti ya Kati Gitobu Imanyara alimshtaki Lucy Kibaki kwa shambulio na kutishia kwenda mahakamani kumdaha Mke wa Kwanza juu ya madai ya tukio. Alikanusha madai haraka, akimlaumu Imanyara kwa jaribio la malipizi baada ya kushindwa kupata kiti cha naibu mnenaji wakati wa uchaguzi wa Bunge. ==Kazi ya Hisani== Bibi Kibaki anajulikana kwa kusaidia walio na mazuizi na watu walemavu. ==Marejeo== <references/> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kibaki, Lucy}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]] 05k4x0xsauxmy9fecd2s7fw07dxyrj6 Catherine Ndereba 0 33625 1241134 1204278 2022-08-08T14:40:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{MedalTableTop|Osaka07 D9M WMarathon Ndereba running.jpg|200px|Ndereba at the [[2007 World Championships in Athletics]].}} {{MedalCountry | {{KEN}} }} {{MedalSport|Women's [[Wanariadha]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Olympic Games]]}} {{MedalSilver| [[2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Beijing]] | [[Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Women's marathon|Marathon]]}} {{MedalSilver| [[2004 Summer Olympics|2004 Athens]] | [[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Women's marathon|Marathon]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[World Championships]]}} {{MedalGold| [[2003 World Championships in Athletics - Women's Marathon|2003 Paris]] | Marathon}} {{MedalGold| [[2007 World Championships in Athletics|2007 Osaka]] | Marathon}} {{MedalSilver |[[2005 World Championships in Athletics|2005 Helsinki]]|Marathon}} {{MedalBottom}} '''Wincatherine Nyambura Ndereba''' <ref> [http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/summer08/fanguide/athlete?id=23634 ESPN Profaili]</ref> (alizaliwa [[21 Julai]] [[1972]]) ni [[Riadha|mwanariadha]] maarufu ulimwenguni raia wa [[Kenya]]. Alishinda [[Mbio refu za Boston]] mara nne na medali ya fedha katika Olimpiki ya mwaka 2004 na 2008. Ndereba akaivunja rekodi ya wanawake duniani mwaka 2001, kukimbia 2:18:47 katika mbio za Chicago. Mwaka 2008, Ndereba alielezwa na [[mtangazaji wa spoti Chicago Tribune]]kama wanawake wa mbio refu shupavu zaidi wakati wote.<ref> Chicago Tribune, 8 Oktoba 2008: [http://newsblogs.chicagotribune.com/sports_globetrotting/2008/10/constantina-tom.html ''Msimamo wa wanawake 10 wakimbiaji'' ]</ref> ==Historia na mchimbuko wake== Ndereba ametoka [[Gatunganga]] katika [[Wilaya ya Nyeri]], akaenda Shule ya Sekondari Ngorano ambapo yeye zilizofuatwa mbio yake kimuziki. Mwaka 1994, aliajiriwa katika mpango wake wa ukimbiaji na [[baraza la majela la Kenya|baraza la majela la Kenya<ref>The Standard, 28 Oktoba 2007: [http://eastandard.net/hm_news/news.php?articleid=1143976625 Catherine Ndereba: Magari ya kushinda ulimwengu]</ref>]][[Catherine Ndereba#cite%20note-3|[3]]] Ndereba ilipatiwa mwaka 2004 na 2005 [[Kenya, tuzo ya mwanamke wa spotibora wa Mwaka]] Alipatiwa [[dhahabu ya shujaa]] na rais [[Mwai Kibaki]] mwaka 2005 <ref name="fitting">Daily Nation, Lifestyle Magazine, 15 Novemba 2008: [http://www.nation.co.ke/magazines/lifestyle/-/1214/491320/-/9c4qfnz/-/index.html Fitting kodi kwa Marathon Malkia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/magazines/lifestyle/-/1214/491320/-/9c4qfnz/-/index.html |date=20110723134845 }}</ref> Alimaliza #7 mwaka 2009 [[Mbio refu za London ]], akiifikia rekodi ya [[Katrin Dorre]] ya masaa 21 sub-2: 30 katika mbio <ref>IAAF, 27 Aprili 2009: [http://www.iaaf.org/news/kind=100/newsid=50350.html Ndereba matches Dorre's rekodi jumla ya 21 sub-2: 30 mbio] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/kind=100/newsid=50350.html |date=20090531134133 }}</ref> Ameshinda [[Mbio za Filadelfia za Umbali]] nusu kina mara saba, hivi karibuni mwaka 2009 <ref>IAAF, 20 Septemba 2009: [http://www.iaaf.org/WHM09/news/kind=100/newsid=54459.html Hall na ushindi katika Ndereba Filadelfia]</ref> Ndereba, ambaye pia anajulikana kama 'Catherine Mkuu', sasa anaishi mjini [[Nairobi, Kenya]], na mume wake Anthony Maina na binti Jane. [[Samuel Ndereba]] kaka yake na dada [[Anastasia Ndereba]] pia ni wakimbiaji. ==Majalio== * 1995 ** Kuwakilishwa [[Kenya]] kimataifa kwa mara ya kwanza katika mbio za wanawake rilay katika [[Seoul, Korea.]] ** Kuweka rekodi 10k ya kibinafsi, 31:35, katika [[Richard S. Caliguiri / jiji la Pittsburgh Great Race.]] * 1996 ** aliingia nafasi za mbio 18 , alishinda 13. ** Alitambulika kama nambari 2[[Marekani katika mbio za kiwanjani]] na kuaminika kama mkimbiz\i wa baraste wa mwaka na gazeti la Times ** Kumaliza wa tatu katika Richard S. Caliguiri / jiji la Pittsburgh Great Race. * 1997 ** Hakukimbia ** Amejifungua binti, Jane. * 1998 ** Aliitwa Mkimbizi baraste wa Mwaka kwa ''Ulimwengu wa wakimbizi'' na Mkimbizi baraste wa Mwaka kwa ''Nyakati za Wakimbizi.'' ** Alishinda shaba kibinafsi na timu dhahabu mbioni nusu kinaa katika Palermo, Italy. ** Mbio kwa kasi zaidi duniani nyakati saa 5K (15:09), 15K (48:52), 12K (38:37) na 10 maili (53:07). ** Mkimbizi wa kwanza, kumaliza saa sita katika 2:28:27 Boston. ** Hatimaye alishinda Richard S. Caliguiri / jiji la Pittsburgh Great Race kwa muda wa 32:11, aliposhinda Libbie Hickman katika mstari wa kumalizia. * 2000 ** [[mshindi katika mbio za kina]]mjini Boston ** mshindi wa kina jijini chicago ** [[Tuza la mwanamichezo wa Mwaka ulimwenguni]] na[[AIMS]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aimsworldrunning.org/AIMS-ASIC_athlete_of_the_year.htm |title=AIMS / ASICS World mwanamichezo wa Mwaka Awards |accessdate=2009-12-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020010703/http://aimsworldrunning.org/AIMS-ASIC_athlete_of_the_year.htm |archivedate=2011-10-20 }}</ref> * 2001 ** [[mshindi katika City-Pier-City Loop]] (nusu kina) <ref>[http://www.arrs.net/HP_CPCHM.htm City-Pier-City Nusu Marathon - Orodha ya washindi]</ref> ** [[mshindi katika mbio za kina]]mjini Boston ** mshindi wa kina jijini chicago[[(aliweka rekodi mpya)]] * 2002 ** Kumaliza wa pili katika mbio za [[Boston za kina.]] Pia wa pili katika mbio za [[Chicago .]] * 2003 ** [[Mabingwa wa dunia]] wa medali ya dhahabu ** [[Sapporo]]mshindi nusu-kina . ** Pili katika mbio za kina za [[New York]] na [[London .]] * 2004 ** 2004 [[Olimpki za kiangazi , Aten]] - mshindi wa medali ya fedha katika mbio za kina. ** [[mshindi katika mbio za kina]]mjini Boston * mwaka wa(2005). ** [[mshindi katika mbio za kina]]mjini Boston(mwanamke wa kwanza kushinda mara nne) ** [[Mabingwa wa dunia]] wa medali ya fedha * 2006 ** Mshindi [[wa mbio za kina-Osaka]] ** [[Bogota- mshindi wa mbio za kina(nusu)]] * 2007 ** [[Mabingwa wa dunia]] medali ya dhahabu * 2008 ** 2008 [[Olimpki za kiangazi, Beijing]] - mshindi wa fedha katika mbio za kina. ==Makala ya Waandishi== * ''Catherine Ndereba: The Malkia wa mbio za kina,'' kwa Ng'ang'a Mbugua. Imechapishwa na Sasa Sema , 2008 <ref name="fitting"/> ==Tanbihi== {{Marejeo}} ==Marejeo== * {{Iaaf name|id=115233}} * Watu maarufu kutoka Kenya [http://www.kenyatravelideas.com/famous-people-from-kenya-catherine-ndereba.html ] ==Viungo vya nje== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oo07Ws8_hxw Catherine Ndereba on Stori Yangu! | Maisha Magic East] * [http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1819129_1819134_1825760,00.html "Catherine Ndereba",] {{Wayback|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1819129_1819134_1825760,00.html |date=20090508150632 }} n ° 38 '''' orodha ya nyakati "wanaolimpiki mashuhuri 100" {{Footer World Champions Marathon Women}} {{Footer Boston Marathon Champions Women}} {{Footer Chicago Marathon Champions Women}} {{Footer Osaka Marathon Champions Women}} {{Start box}} {{S-ach|rec}} {{Succession box|before={{Flag icon|JPN}} [[Naoko Takahashi]]|title=[[Marathon world best progression|Women's Marathon World Record Holder]]|years=[[7 Oktoba]] [[2001]] – [[13 Oktoba]] [[2002]]|after={{Flag icon|GBR}} [[Paula Radcliffe]]}} {{S-sports}} {{Succession box|before={{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Tegla Loroupe]]|title=[[Marathon Year Rankings|Women's Fastest Marathon Race]] |years=2000 – 2001|after={{Flag icon|GBR}} [[Paula Radcliffe]]}} {{end box}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ndereba, Catherine}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha katika Olimpiki ya 2008]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Olimpiki wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Kenya]] idi10jwjshs4yd2mrmvek1oyj4n32vm Mandakini (muigizaji) 0 33905 1240926 1196438 2022-08-08T12:00:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox actor | name = Mandakini | image = | caption = | birthdate = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1969|01|07}} | location = [[Meerut]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India | yearsactive = 1985 - 1999 | occupation = Actress | birthname = Yameen Joseph | othername = | homepage = }} '''Mandakini''' {{lang-hi|मंदाकिनी}} {{IPA2|məŋd̪aːkini}} [[ITRANS:]] Mandakini) (alizaliwa [[7 Januari]] [[1969]], kama '''Yasmeen Yusuf)''' ni mwigizaji wa zamani wa [[Bollywood.]] Kazi ilikuwa ya muda mfupi, lakini yenye utata katika vipindi za Kihindi na ilisemekana kuwa ana uhusiano na mwanaharamu [[Dawood Ibrahim.]] <ref name="hindu">{{cite news |first=V |last=Gangadhar |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=The price of fortune |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2002/11/01/stories/2002110101220300.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |publisher=N. Ram |date=2002-11-01 |accessdate=2008-09-15 |archivedate=2011-07-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726154646/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2002/11/01/stories/2002110101220300.htm }}</ref> ==Maisha Yake ya Utotoni== Mandakini alizaliwa katika familia ya [[Anglo Indian]] katika Meerut mama yake ni [[Mhindu]] na baba yake ni Muingereza. ==Kazi== ===Wasifu wa Awali=== Akiwa na miaka 16,alipewa jukumu kuu katika sinema za[[Raj Kapoor]] mwaka wa 1985 , ''[[Ram Teri ganga Maili]]'' kinyume cha mwana wake mdogo, [[Rajiv Kapoor.]] Sinema hiyo ilivuma, na kufanya Mandakini kuteuliwa katika tuzo[[Filmfare]] kama muigizaji mwanamke bora.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf |title=Filmfare Awards |accessdate=2008-09-14 |format=PDF |pages=71}}</ref>. Filamu lilisabisha zogo kwa sababu ya sehemu mbili - moja ambayo Mandakini anaoga katika mto amevaa nguo nyeupe ambayo matiti yake yalikuwa yakionekana wazi, na sehemu nyingine alionyeshwa akinyonyesha mtoto. Baadhi ya wakosoaji walidai kwamba zilikuwz za kuudhi na aibu, na zilienda kinyume cha masharti [[Bodi ya India ya Filamu]] ambazo hazikukubali [[Uchi.]] Kapoor, kama kawaida,alitetea kuingizwa kwa sehemu hizi akisema zilikuwa za kupendeza. Mandakini aliweza kuiiza katika filamu chache zilizofanikiwa, kama ''Dance Dance,'' pamoja na [[Mithun Chakraborty Karke Pyaar Dekho|Mithun Chakraborty ''Karke Pyaar Dekho'']] na [[Govinda]], lakini kamwe hakuweza kutengeneza mafanikio ya sinema yake ya kwanza. ===Uhusiano na Dawood=== Katika mwaka 1994, picha zilianza kuzungushwa ambapo Mandakini akiwa na mkora hatari [[Dawood Ibrahim.]] Uvumi ulikuwa tayari unazunguka kwamba walikuwa kitu kimoja. Moja ya nadharia zilizokuweko ni kuwa Ibrahim, ambaye alikuwa anajulikana kuwa na nia riba katika Bollywood na kusadia filamu kadhaa kwa fedha, alimkaba Rishi Kapoor kushirikisha Mandakini katika filamu, na kwa kweli alikuwa bibi yake. Baadaye iliripotiwa kwamba alikuwa hata amehamia [[Dubai]]ili kuwa pamoja naye.<ref name="hindu" /> Mandakini alikanusha uvumi kuwa alikuwa pamoja na Dawood. Wakati yeye alikubali kama marafiki , alidai kwamba hawakujuana binafsi, sembuse kuwa wanandoa.<ref name="times">{{cite news |first=Nona |last=Walia |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Mandakini: ‘I know Dawood but I’m not his woman’ |url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1031865,prtpage-1.cms |work=Indiatimes Movies |publisher=[[Times of India]] |date=2005-02-25 |accessdate=2008-09-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201175650/http://movies.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1031865,prtpage-1.cms |archivedate=2009-02-01 }}</ref> Pia alisema kuwa yeye alikuwa ameolewa na [[R. Thakur]], daktari katika Mumbai, na hata kuzaa mwana wa mume mwaka wa 1995. Hata hivyo, uvumi kamwe ulikoma. Nadharia mmoja iliyodai kwamba kuwa Mandakini na Dawood, lakini na ndugu yake Abbas, ambaye alimoa kwa siri. Ilisemekana kwamba alikuwa na mwana kutoka kwa mmoja wa ndugu ambaye alilelewa USA.<ref name="hindu" /> ''Maandishi ya italiki''===Kazi ya hivi karibuni=== Wasifu wa mandakini ulikwabwa na msingi mbaya. Alijiuzulu baada ya''[[Zordaar]]'' mwaka wa 1996, na ameishi katika [[Mumbai]] pamoja na mumewe na mwana. Tangu hapo, amejaribu kujiunda tena mwenyewe. Alitoa albamu mbili za nyimbo za pop ''No Vacancy'' na ''Shambala'' -lakini hakuna yeyote iliyofanikiwa. Hivi sasa, yeye anaendesha madarasa ya [[Tibet]][[yoga]] na ni mfuasi wa [[Dalai Lama.]] ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uhindi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7zd7e6y6y3uhb4jgqy9l05ihlfhbbvt Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta 0 34102 1241100 1153166 2022-08-08T14:04:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox chuo kikuu |jina = Kenyatta University |native_name = Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta |jina_la_picha = Kulogo.jpeg |ukubwa_wa_picha = 150px |kimeanzishwa = 1985 |mji = [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] |chansela = Dr. Harris Mule |vice-chancellor = Prof. Olive Mugenda |kampasi = main campus, along Thika Road Parklands campus, located in Nairobi's Parlands suburb Ruiru campus, located in Ruiru, a satellite town of Nairobi Kitui campus |tovuti = http://www.ku.ac.ke/ }} '''Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: '''Kenyatta University''') kilichoko katika mji wa [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]], ndicho chuo kikuu cha umma cha pili kwa ukubwa nchini Kenya (baada ya [[Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi]]). Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta kimo katika eneo la Kahawa, umbali wa kilomita 20 (maili 12) kutoka mji wa Nairobi, katika barabara kuu ya kuelekea mji wa [[Thika]]. == Historia == [[Picha:Kenyatta.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Mlango wa kuingia Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta.]] Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta kina historia yake kutoka kwa kambi la wanjeshi wa ukoloni kwa jina ''Templer Barracks'' ambapo mnamo mwaka wa 1965 ''Templer Barracks'' ilibadlishwa na kuwa Kenyatta University College, yaani taasisi ya mafunzo ya mwalimu wa shule za msingi.Baadaye,ilipata muinuko na kuwa sehemu ya [Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi] katika mwaka wa 1970.Mnamo mwaka wa 1985 chuo hiki kilifanywa kiweze kujisimamia ana aliyekuwa rais wa jamhuri ya [Kenya], [Daniel arap Moi] kisha kikaitwa Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta. Hii ilifanyika baada ya mswada kupitishwa bungeni kulingana na katiba ya Kenya. Wahitimu wake wengi walikuwa kutoka daraja la elimu, kukifanya chuo hiki kuongoza katika masomo ya daraja ya elimu. Jinsi wakati ulivyozidi kusonga chuo hiki kiliendelea kupanuka na kuanzisha masomo katika taaluma na daraja nyinginezo. Leo chuo kikuu kina shule zifuatazo<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ku.ac.ke/index.php/faculty/faculty-by-school |title=Unaweza Kuangalia mashule haya kwa tovuti ya Kenyatta University. |accessdate=2018-08-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902012549/http://www.ku.ac.ke/index.php/faculty/faculty-by-school |archivedate=2011-09-02 }}</ref>: * Shule ya Kilimo na maendeleo ya viwanda * Shule ya Sayansi za Kibinadamu * Shule ya Biashara (ina idara kuu tatu) (a) Idara ya Akaunti na Fedha (b) Idara ya Sayansi ya Usimamizi (c) Idara ya Usimamizi wa Biashara ** Shule ya Kilimo na maendeleo ya viwanda ** Shule ya Sayansi za Kibinadamu ** Shule ya Biashara (ina idara kuu tatu) (a) Idara ya Akaunti na Fedha (b) Idara ya Sayansi ya Usimamizi (c) Idara ya usimamizi wa biashara ** [http://www.ku.ac.ke/schools/business Shule ya Biashara]-inatoa masomo ya biashara kwa shule nyingine hasa ile ya Elimu na wale wanafunzi wanaosomea B.Ed (Sanaa). Hata hivyo msingi ni kiini kwa wanafunzi kuchukua B.Com na MBA.) wana maeneo sita idara tatu ambapo wanaweza kufuatilia baada ya kumaliza mwaka wa pili. Chini ya Idara ya Hesabu na Fedha, wanafunzi wanaweza fuatilia katika ha Hesabu au Fedha. Chini ya Idara ya Usimamizi wa Sayansi, wanafunzi wanaweza kufuatilia katika Usimamizi aidha Sayansi au Actuarial Science. Chini ya Idara ya Biashara Utawala, wanafunzi wanaweza kufuatilia katika aidha Marketing au Human Resource Management. Mkuu wa sasa wa shule hii ni Profesa Chege. ** [http://www.ku.ac.ke/schools/education Shule ya Elimu] ** [http://www.ku.ac.ke/schools/engineering Shule ya Uhandisi] -ilichukuliwa kutoka SPAS yaani Shule ya "Pure and Applied Sciences" -kozi katika shule hii kawaida huchukua miaka mitano kukamilika na chache zikiwa kozi za miaka minne. ** [http://www.ku.ac.ke/schools/environmental Shule ya Masomo ya Mazingara] ** [http://www.ku.ac.ke/schools/graduate Shule ya Masomo ya Uhitimu] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ku.ac.ke/schools/graduate |date=20180210061913 }} ** [http://www.ku.ac.ke/schools/health Shule ya Sayansi ya Afya] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ku.ac.ke/schools/health |date=20180204112312 }} ** [http://www.ku.ac.ke/schools/humanities Shule ya Ubinadamu na Sayansi ya Kijamii] ** [http://www.ku.ac.ke/schools/law Shule ya Sheria]. Hivi sasa uko katika mwaka wake wa pili na inafundishwa katika chuo cha Parklands. ** [http://www.ku.ac.ke/schools/spas Shule Ya Sayansi Maalum] ** [http://www.ku.ac.ke/schools/visual_arts Shule Ya Sanaa na Matumbuizo] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ku.ac.ke/schools/visual_arts |date=20180816210309 }} ** [http://www.ku.ac.ke/schools/hospitality Shule Ya Utalii na Ukarimu] == Hali kwa sasa == Chuo kikuu kina mbinu mbalimbali za kufunza, kuanzia kusoma kutoka mbali(open learning), kusoma kutumia technolojia, masomo ya likizo, masomo ya muda na ya kila wakati, hili limegeuza taasisi kuwa chuo kikuu cha pili kwa ukubwa nchini Kenya. Mwaka wa 1997 kilikuwa na wanafunzi 8,000,lakini hivi sasa(2009) kina wanafunzi takriban elfu ishirini na wanne. ===Mikakati ya sasa=== Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta kimeanzisha mikakati ya upanuzi wa haraka kwa lengo la kukifanya chuo kuwa daraja moja na vyuo vikuu duniani na pia kupanua kozi kinazotoa. Ili kuifanikisha hatua hii,chuo kikuu kimeunda miundo msingi ya technologia ya ICT mpya ambayo ni pamoja na mtandao wa chuo kwa msingi wa teknolojia ya fiber optic; kasi ya internti ya gigabit kwa mtandao kwa wanafunzi na wafanyakazi wote kuwezesha upatikanaji wa intaneti na huduma ya habari kwa chuo . Pia imejenga nyumba ya kuhifadhi maiti pamoja na kuanzisha masomo ya upasuaji na utabibu. Chuo kikuu pia kinajenga maabara zaidi na kufufua miradi ambayo ilimekuwa imesimama kwa miaka, ikiwa ni pamoja na kukamilisha ukumbi wa mafunzo ya sanaa. Juhudi zaidi pia zinawekwa kwa mtiririko wa habari kwa kuwekeza katika mitambo ya mawasiliano na kupata maoni kutoka kwa wanafunzi, hii ni pamoja na redio ya jamii, ambayo inatolewa kupitia kwa tovuti kwa matawi yote ya chuo nchini. Hakika, Ukumbi wa mafunzo ya Sanaa tayari umekamalika (awamu ya 1 na 2) na maabara ya Sayansi inazidi kukamilishwa. Maendeleo mengine ni kukamilishwa kwa jumba kubwa la ghorofa tatu lenye viti mia nane linalotumiwa kama maabara ya tarakilishi na lina tarakilishi mpya zilizoundwa na kampuni ya Dell. == Makampasi == Chuo kikuu cha Kenyatta inaendelea kupanuka na kimefungua matawi mengine fauka ya tawi lake kuu. Matawi hayo ni pamoja na: ===Chuo cha Parklands=== Tawi hili liko Parklands karibu na mji wa Nairobi: Hili linatoa masomo ya biashara na masomo ya Tecknolojia.Masomo haya ni ya kiwango cha shahada na shahada za Uzamili. Tawi hili pia hutoa masomo ya sheria . (Bachelors of Law) ===Tawi la Ruiru=== Tawi hili liko katika mji wa Ruiru, kilomita tano kutoka tawi kuu.Kwa jumla ni ugani wa tawi kuu. Tawi hili halitoi masomo mbalimbali kamili kama vile ilivyo katika tawi kuu. ===Tawi la Mombasa=== Liko mjini Mombasa katika pwani ya Kenya. Lilianza kazi Mei 2007. ===Tawi la Kitui=== Hili lilianza operesheni mnamo Oktoba mwaka wa 2007. == Usimamizi == Chansela wa sasa ni Dr Harris Mule na Makamu wa Chansela ni Prof Olive Mugenda, ambaye ni Makamu wa kwanza wa kike wa chuo kikuu cha umma nchini Kenya.Chini ya Makamu wa Chansela, kuna manaibu Makamu wa Chansela watatu na Wasajili watatu. ===Makamu wa Chansela=== * Makamu wa Chansela - Prof Olive mugenda ===Manaibu wa Makamu wa Chansela=== * Naibu Makamu wa Chansela wa Masomo - Prof Mwakio P. Tole (Kaimu) * Naibu Makamu wa Chansela wa Usimamizi - Prof G. Muluvi * Naibu Makamu wa Chansela wa Fedha, Mipango na Maendeleo - Prof D. Mugendi ===Wasajili=== * Msajili wa Masomo - Daktari Gabriel Katana * Msajili wa Usimamizi- Profesa Godfrey Mse * Msajili wa Fedha, Mipango na Maendeleo- Daktari Nelson Karagu ===Mkuu wa Wanafunzi=== * Daktari.Edwin Gimonde ===Maandamano ya 29 Machi 2009=== Tarehe ishirini na tisa mwezi wa Machi mwaka wa 2009, sehemu ya wanafunzi wa Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta waligoma huku wakiiba mali na kuchoma majengo katika tawi kuu na tawi ndogo la [Ruiru]. Wanafunzi walikuwa wakiandamana kupinga kufukuzwa kwa viongozi wao na Makamu wa Chansela, Profesa Olive Mugenda.Miongoni mwa masuala mengine ilikuwa kuanzishwa kwa sare za shule, na kutolewa kwa huduma ya uchukuzi ya wanafunzi wakaazi tawi la Ruiru. Majengo yaliyochomwa ni pamoja na malazi ya Nyayo , maabara ya tarakilishi,afisi za viongozi wa wanafunzi na jumba la Harambee. Polisi wa kupambana na ghasia waliotumwa na Olive Mugenda walishutumiwa kuwa walitumia nguvu ya kupindukia ambao ulisababisha vifo vya wanafunzi wawili na majeraha makubwa kwa wanafunzi kumi na wawili. Pia kulikuwa na madai ya ubakaji ya wanafunzi wa kike na polisi hasa katika jumba la malazi la Ngong. Chuo Kikuu kilifungwa kwa muda usiojulikana baada ya ghasia hizo.<ref>[http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/554958/-/u3pxtu/-/index.html]</ref> Chuo Kikuu kilifunguliwa kama ifuatavyo * Vikundi vya 2006 na miakaya ya awali: Jumapili, 27 Septemba 2009 * Vikundi vya 2007 na 2008: Jumatatu 28 Septemba 2009 * mafunzo kwa wanafunzi wa kuendelea: Jumanne 29 Septemba 2009 == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == [[Picha:kufm.gif|thumb|Wanafunzi katika stesheni ya KUFM]]] * [http://www.ku.ac.ke/ Tovuti ya Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta] * [http://www.edukenya.com Habari zaidi kuhusu Taasisi na Vyuo Vikuu nchini Kenya] * [http://www.kenyaplex.com Vyuo Vikuu vinavyoongoza nchini Kenya] {{en}} * Pia unaweza kusikia redio ya Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta [KU 99.9 FM][http://www.ku.ac.ke/radio/ KU FM] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ku.ac.ke/radio/ |date=20180818213218 }} ama kwa kupitia mtandao. [http://www.ku.ac.ke/radio/# {{Wayback|url=http://www.ku.ac.ke/radio/ |date=20180818213218 }} {{nairobi}} {{mbegu-elimu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kenyatta, Chuo Kikuu}} [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Elimu jijini Nairobi]] ek9fq6c5uyjffdxdbo6t6szr4stpijo Christophe Maé 0 34136 1241130 1210353 2022-08-08T14:36:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 | Jina = Christophe Maé | Img = Christoph Mae.jpg | Img_capt = Christophe Maé | Img_size = 125px | Background = solo_singer | Jina la kuzaliwa = Christophe Martichon | Amezaliwa = {{birth date and age|1975|10|16|df=yes}} Carpentras, [[Ufaransa]] | Asili yake = | Ala = [[Sauti]] | Aina = [[muziki wa pop|Pop]] | Kazi yake = [[Mwimbaji]] | Miaka ya kazi = 2007–hadi leo | Studio = [[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]] | Ameshirikiana na = | Tovuti = http://www.christophe-mae.fr/home }} '''Christophe Maé''' (alizaliwa [[16 Oktoba]] [[1975]]) ni [[mwimbaji kutoka Ufaransa]] ambaye amecheza nafasi ya Monsieur katika musiki wa [[Le Roi Soleil]] tangu mwaka wa 2005. Anajulikana kwa nyimbo kama "Ça marche" na "Et makamu wa Versailles". ==Kazi== Mae alijifunza kucheza [[zeze]] akiwa umri wa miaka 6, na baadaye alianza kucheza [[gitaa]] na [[hamonika]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 16 baada ya yeye kupatikana na ugonjwa sugu. Alisema kuwa huo ndio ulikuwa wakati aliongozwa na [[Stevie Wonder]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.christophe-mae.fr/bio |title=Christophe Mae |accessdate=2009-12-29 |archivedate=2009-08-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802024220/http://www.christophe-mae.fr/bio }}</ref> ===Toleo=== Albamu yake ya kwanza iliitwa ''Sa Danse Donne,'' na ilitolewa 2002-2003. Albamu hii haikuchukuliwa kama albamu yake ya kwanza ya studio. Alitowa albamu yake ya kwanza ya studio, ''[[Mon paradis]]'' (My Paradiso) mnamo tarehe 19 Machi 2007, pamoja na nyimbo kama "On s'attache", "qu'on tovuti Parce jamais" na "Ça fait mal". Wmbo wake wa nne ni "Belle Demoiselle". ''Mon Paradis'' ilikuwa albamu ya pili bora kuuza katika Ufaransa mwaka wa 2007 baada ya ''[[Life in Cartoon Motion]]'' na [[Mika]], kuuza zaidi ya albamu 900 000 hadi leo. Maé alifungua [[mkataba]] katika Grand Rex mjini Paris na kwa [[cher]] katika Zénith de Paris, katika mwaka wa 2004. ==Mfumo wa Kuimba== Muziki wake mkubwa uko katika mfumo wa mazingira sikizi. Amewataja [[Bob Marley, Ben Harper, Tracy Chapman]], na [[Jack Johnson]] vile vile waimbaji na waandishi nnyimbo kutoka Ufaransa [[Francis Cabrel]] na [[Gerald De Palmas]] kama washauri wake. Alianza kujifunza hamonika kama kodi kwa [[Stevie Wonder]], ambaye amemtaja kama mshawishi mkubwa kimuziki.<ref>http://www.intellego.fr/soutien-scolaire-CE1/aide-scolaire-Francais/dictee-corrigee-sur-CHRISTOPHE-MAE/31896</ref> ==Maisha ya Kibinafsi.== Amefunga ndoa na Nadège Maé.. Mwana wao wa kwanza, anayejulikana kama Jules, alizaliwa mwezi wa [[Machi 2008.]] <ref>http://www.paperblog.fr/541194/christophe-mae-est-papa/</ref> ==Diskografia== ===Albamu za studio=== {| class="wikitable" ! align="center" rowspan="2"|mwaka ! align="center" rowspan="2"|Habari ! align="center" colspan="4"|Chati ! align="center" rowspan="2"|Cheti |- ! width="40"|[[FR]] ! width="60"|[[FR]] (DL) ! width="40"|[[BEL]] ! width="40"|[[SWI]] |- | 2007 | ''[[Mon paradis]]'' * Albamu ya Kwanza * Sortie: 19 Machi 2007 * Muundo: [[CD, shusha]] | <center>1</center> | <center>1</center> | <center>3</center> | <center>18</center> | Ufaransa: Almasi <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.disqueenfrance.com/certifications/album.asp?forme_certif=15&annee=25 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2021-01-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204183631/http://www.disqueenfrance.com/certifications/album.asp?forme_certif=15&annee=25 |archivedate=2008-12-04 }}</ref> |- | 2008 | ''[[Comme à la maison]]'' * Albamu ya mazingira sikizi * Sortie: 29 Septemba 2008 * Muundo: [[CD mara mbili]] | <center>1</center> | <center>?</center> | <center>3</center> | <center>13</center> |} ===Nyimbo Zake=== {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center" ! width="50" rowspan="2"| mwaka ! width="190" rowspan="2"| Jina ! colspan="4"|Chati iliyoshika ! width="80" rowspan="2"| Albamu |- |- bgcolor="#DDDDDD" ! width="20"| [[FR]] ! width="20"| [[FR]] (DL) ! width="20"| [[SWI]] ! width="20"| [[BEL]] |- | align="center" rowspan="3"|2007 | align="left"|[["On s'attache"]] | align="center"|1 | align="center"|2 | align="center"|27 | align="center"|4 | align="center" rowspan="4"|''Mon paradis'' |- | align="left"|"Qu'on tovuti Parce jamais" | align="center"|6. | align="center"|12 | align="center"|[55] | align="center"|10 |- | align="left"|"Ça fait mal" | align="center"|-- | align="center"|3 | align="center"|-- | align="center"|16 |- | align="center" rowspan="3"|2008 | align="left"|"Belle Demoiselle" | align="center"|13 | align="center"|13 | align="center"|74 | align="center"|10 |- | align="left"|"C'est ma terre" | align="center"|-- | align="center"|? | align="center"|91 | align="center"|18 | align="center" rowspan="2"|''Comme à la maison'' |- | align="left"|"Mon p'tit gars" | align="center"|2 | align="center"|? | align="center"|-- | align="center"|[33] |- |} ==Tuzo== * [[Tuzo za muziki za NRJ]] ** [[2007:]] Ufunuo wa Kifaransa wa mwaka ** [[2008:]] Mwananume Mfaransa msanii wa mwaka ** [[2008:]] Wimbo wa Kifaransa wa mwaka kwa ''[[On s'attache]]'' ** [[2009:]] Mwananume Mfaransa msanii wa mwaka ** [[2009:]] Wimbo wa Kifaransa wa mwaka kwa ''[[Belle demoiselle]]'' * [[Victoires de la musique]] ** [[2008:]] ufunuo wa Umma wa mwaka * [[World Music Awards]] ** [[2008:]] Msanii Mfaransa wa mwaka * Mengine ** [[2008:]] Mshindi wa wimbo wa mwaka [[TF1]] ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.christophe-mae.fr/ Tovuti Rasmi] * [http://www.myspace.com/christophemae Myspace Rasmi] {{start box}} {{succession box|before=[[Miss Dominique]]|title=[[Victoires de la Musique]] [[Victoires de la Musique#Group or artist popular révélation of the year|Group or artist popular révélation of the year]]|years=2008|after=[[Sefyu]]}} {{end box}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mae, Christophe}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Vaucluse]] 755vl2gv3k6wtsjsw8xleudvbku4f89 Chuo Kikuu cha Kikristo cha Pan Africa 0 34140 1241103 1190000 2022-08-08T14:05:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chuo Kikuu cha Kikristo cha Pan Africa (PAC)''' ni [[chuo kikuu]] cha [[Kikristo]] mjini [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]. Taasisi hii ina utambuisho rasmi kamilifu na ni chuo kikuu cha binafsi ambacho kina katiba, kilichoidhinishwa na Tume ya Kenya ya Elimu ya juu, na kuidhinishwa na serikali ya Kenya kutuza shahada za digrii. == Historia == PAC ilianzishwa na mdhamini wake mkuu, [[Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada]](PAOC), na ilianza shughuli zake mwaka wa 1978 kama chuo ya Bibilia. Kama shirika la utume mwongofu(mission-minded), PAOC ilianza kuwatuma wamishenari katika nchi nyingi za Afrika katika miaka za 1920. Matokeo ya juhudi zao yalikuwa uibukaji wa kanisa za Taifa nchini Kenya na nchi jirani. Barani, makanisa haya kwa ujumla yanajulikana kama Pentecostal Assemblies of God (PAG). Kupitia juhudi za wachungaji, wamishenari na wainjilisti, baadhi ya fellowships za PAG zimekuwa zaidi ya makanisa 3000. Nairobi, na sehemu yake ya kati na upatikanaji, ilikuwa chaguo la mahali pa PAC. Ukumbi upande wa kaskazini-mashariki nje ya mji mkuu ulipatikana mwaka wa 1978, na ulinunuliwa kwa ajili ya uanzishwaji wa taasisi ya kupeana shahada. Madarasa ya PAC ilifunguliwa mnamo 2 Mei 1978, ikiwa na wanafunzi 6 na idadi hiyo imeongezeka na kuwa zaidi ya wanafunzi 300. Kitivo cha PAC kinajumuisha raia wa Afrika na vilevile walilmu wasio Waafrika walioletwa na PAOC. Kwa kuongezea Kitivo cha kufunza wanafunzi siku nzima, Chuo hiki Kikuu kina idadi ya kitivo ambacho si cha siku nzima katika Nyanja zao za utaalam. . Kitivo cha siku nzima kwa kawaida huwa kina uzoefu wa kichungaji na digrii ya waliopata shahada. Mwaka wa 1985, Tume ya Elimu ya Juu (Commission of Higher Education-CHE) ilianzishwa ili kuendeleza elimu ya chuo kikuu nchini Kenya, na hasa katika uratibu wa mipango ya muda mrefu, maendeleo ya wafanyakazi, udhamini na maendeleo ya kimwili wa vyuo vikuu nchini Kenya. Katika msingi huu, CHE iliiandikisha PAC kama chuo kikuu mwaka wa 1989. Tangu wakati huo, PAC imekuwa ikifanya kazi na CHE ikielekea utambulisho rasmi na Wizara ya Elimu. Mitaala ya PAC kwa ajili ya shahada zinazotolewa ulipitishwa rasmi na CHE kuanzia mwaka wa 2006. Chuo kikuu cha kikristo cha Pan Africa lilituzwa rasmi katiba tarehe 15 Februari 2008 na [[Mwai Kibaki]],Rais wa Kenya. PAC ikawa tisa chuo kikuu cha kibinafsi cha 9 kupewa katiba nchini Kenya. == Maelezo mafupi == [[File:Pac faculty staff.jpg|thumb|right|PAC wafanyakazi na Kitivo yao mbele ya jengo admin]] Kwa kuwa ni chuo kikuu cha kimataifa, PAC huwafunza wanafunzi kutoka nchi nyingi ndani na nje ya Afrika. Wanafunzi wengi wa kitambo waliohitimu (alumni) wa PAC wanashiriki katika mafunzo ya taasisi ya Biblia kufundisha, huduma ya uchungaji, uongozi wa dhehebu, kazi za kimishenari na wizara ya para-kanisa. Kila mwaka, idadi ya alumni wa PAC huendeleza masomo yao ya uzamili katika vyuo vikuu na seminari duniani kote. === Kaulimbiu === The Leadership University: Character, Service, Transformation === Misheni === Kuendeleza viongozi wa Kikristo, kuongeza wafuasi Yesu Kristo ambao wamejiami kumtumikia Mungu, kanisa na jamii zao huku wakiimarisha na kuzidisha waumini katika Afrika na duniani kote === Maono === Kuwa chuo kikuu cha Kikiristo kinachoongoza cha kuchagua barani Afrika, na sifa ya elimu ya hali ya juu na elimu ya utaalamu katika jamii ya kujifunza na huduma, ambayo ni chombo muhimu katika mabadiliko ya jamii. === Maadili makuu === * Kutafuta ukweli na uadilifu * Kuisisitiza umuhimu wa watu * Heshima na kushirikiana kwa anuwai ya jamii ya PAC * Kipaumbele na kuzingatia malezi ya kiroho na kibibilia * Umuhimu ya mafunzo katika maudhui, muundo na mchakato * Ubora katika kufanya kazi, kutembea na huduma ya kiroho miongoni mwa wanafunzi, Kitivo na wafanyakazi * Kufunza maadili ya uongozi miongoni mwa wanafunzi, Kitivo na wafanyakazi == Masomo == PAC kinataka kupanua ushawishi wake kwa kuendeleza programu zake za masomo zinazoshughulikia mahitaji muhimu katika nyanja zote za jamii na msukumo wa mabadiliko kupitia Kristo unaozingatia utauwa uongozi. PAC sasa ina programu zifuatazo: '''Bachelor of Business Leadership''' Bachelor of Business Leadership inalenga kuendeleza kwa mwanafunzi mtazamo wa kikristo kuelekea uongozi wa ushirika wa biashara. Programu hii inajumuisha mafunzo ya Uongozi unaozingatia falsafa ya uongozi wa mtumishi kwa maeneo nne yanayodhuru. * Uhasibu na Fedha * Elimu ya soko * Usimamizi wa rasilimali za kibinadamu * Biashara ya Ujasiriamali '''Bachelor of Arts in Bible and Theology''' Bachelor of Arts in Bible and Theology humpa mwanafunzi mafunzo ya nadharia pamoja na mafunzo ya kutumia ujuzi aliyopata kwa ajili ya wito unaohusiana na kanisa. Bachelor of Arts in Counseling '''Bachelor of Arts katika Counseling''' The Bachelor of Arts in Counseling imekusudiwa kwa wanafunzi ambao wanataka kutumikia kanisa na jamii kwa kutoa huduma za ushauri nasaha kwa watu binafsi, familia ya wanandoa na mahusiano ya jama na Wizara ya ushauri, na vilevile usimamizi wa kundi ndogo na upatanishi. '''Master of Arts in Leadership ''' Hii ni programu ya PAC inayokua kwa kasi zaidi ikiwa na meaneo tatu maluum: * Biashara na Ujasiriamali * Elimu * Wizara za Kikristo '''Youth Discipleship Programme''' Kwa vijana ambao wamemaliza masomo yao ya shule ya sekondari na wanasubiri elimu ya baada ya sekondari katika vyuo vikuu na taasisi zinginezo. === Intakes === Intakes za programu za shahada ya kwanza ziko mwezi Septemba na Januari. Intakes za Master of Arts in leadership na youth discipleship ziko Januari tu. === Madarasa ya jioni na Jumamosi === Kuna madarasa ya jioni katika kampasi ya Nairobi ya PAC huko downtown. == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.pacuniversity.ac.ke PAC Official Web Site] Note: Any text copied from the PAC website is used by permission from the institution {{nairobi}} [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Elimu jijini Nairobi]] [[Jamii:Ukristo nchini Kenya]] [[Jamii:Taasisi za elimu zilizoanzishwa mnamo mwaka 1961]] [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Kenya]] mulyduz1mwo41wm47vzqhlr8qp1guif CNN 0 34238 1241251 1139406 2022-08-08T20:33:06Z CommonsDelinker 234 Removing [[:c:File:CNN.svg|CNN.svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Rubin16|Rubin16]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]; can usually be uploaded to your local Wikipedia as fair use if an article exists ([[:c:COM:CSD#F1|F1]]). wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cable News Network''' (Kifupi: '''CNN''') ni stesheni ya runinga inayotangaza habari iliyoanzishwa na Ted Turner mnamo 1980.<ref>[http://meandted.com/author.htm Reese Schonfeld Bio.] {{Wayback|url=http://meandted.com/author.htm |date=20080513025424 }} (29 Januari 2001) ''MeAndTed.com''. Accessed 2007-06-18.</ref> CNN ilikuwa stesheni ya kwanza inayotangaza habari masaa 24.<ref name=CNNtaipei>{{cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2005/05/31/2003257358|title=CNN changed news - for better and worse|date=31 Mei 2005|publisher=''Taipei Times''|accessdate=2009-01-24}}</ref> Makao yake makuu yako mjini [[Atlanta]], ingawa ina vituo vingine mjini [[New York]], [[Washington, D.C.]] na [[Los Angeles]]. Kauli yake mbiu ni ''The Worldwide Leader in News.'' == Vipindi == === Vipindi vinavyonyeshwa sasa === {| class=wikitable |- ! colspan=5 | ==== Jumatatu - Ijumaa ==== |- ! width=55 | North American Eastern Standard Time Zone|ET || width=100 | Kipindi || width=100 | Mwanahabari || width=100 | Jiji || Maelezo |- | <center>6a-9a || <center>''American Morning'' || John Roberts (mwanahabari wa runinga)|John Roberts and Kiran Chetry || New York || The network's breakfast television|morning news program. |- | <center>9a-11a ||rowspan=4| <center>''CNN Newsroom'' || Heidi Collins ||rowspan=4 | Atlanta ||rowspan=3| Kuipindi cha kutangaza habari. |- | <center>11a-1p || Tony Harris |- | <center>1p-3p || Kyra Phillips |- | <center>3p-4p || Rick Sanchez || Sanchez huwasiliana na watazamaji kwa kutumia tovuti kama [[Twitter]] na [[Facebook]]. |- | <center>4p-7p || <center>''The Situation Room'' || Wolf Blitzer || Washington D.C. || Kipindi kinachozingatia habari kwa ufupi, kwa kuzingatia siasa, usalama, na taarifa zenye kuwatia hamu watazamaji. |- | <center>7p-8p || <center>''CNN Tonight'' || Wanahabari tofauti || New York/Atlanta || Habari kwa ufupi. |- | <center>8p-9p || <center>''[[Campbell Brown: No Bias, No Bull|Campbell Brown]]'' || Campbell Brown || New York || Mahojiano kuhusu siasa na habari zinazohusu wapigaji kura. |- | <center>9p-10p || <center>''Larry King Live'' || Larry King || Los Angeles || Kipindi cha mahojiano na watu maarufu. |- | <center>10p-12a || <center>''Anderson Cooper 360'' || Anderson Cooper || New York || Kipindi cha kutangaza habari. |- !colspan=5|<center> ==== Saturday ==== |- ! width=55 | [[North American Eastern Standard Time Zone|ET]] || width=100 | Kipindi || Mwanahabari || Jiji || Maelezo |- | <center>6a-730a || <center>''CNN Saturday Morning'' || Betty Nguyen na T. J. Holmes || Atlanta || Kipindi cha kutangaza habari. |- | <center>730a-8a || <center>''House Call'' || [[Sanjay Gupta|Dr. Sanjay Gupta]] || New York || Kipindi cha matibabu na dawa. |- | <center>8a-930a || <center>''CNN Saturday Morning'' || Betty Nguyen na T. J. Holmes || Atlanta || Kipindi cha habari. |- | <center>930a-10a || <center>''Your Bottom Line'' || Gerri Willis || New York || Kipindi kinachozingatia fedha. |- | <center>10a-12p || rowspan="2" | <center>''CNN Newsroom'' || Betty Nguyen and T. J. Holmes || rowspan=2 | Atlanta || rowspan="2" | Kipindi kinachtangaza habari. |- | <center>12p-1p || Fredricka Whitfield |- | <center>1p-2p || <center>''[[Your Money|Your $$$$$]]'' || Ali Velshi na Christine Romans || New York || Kipindi cha biashara. |- | <center>2p-5p || rowspan="2" | <center>''CNN Newsroom'' || Fredricka Whitfield || rowspan=2 | Atlanta || rowspan="2" | Kipindi cha taarifa ya habari. |- | <center>5p-6p || Don Lemon |- | <center>6p-7p || <center>''The Situation Room'' || Wolf Blitzer || Washington D.C. || Kipindi cha habari za siasa. |- | <center>7p-8p || <center>''CNN Newsroom'' || Don Lemon || Atlanta || Kipindi cha habari. |- | <center>8p-9p || colspan=3 | <center>''CNN Special Investigations Unit'' / ''CNN Presents'' / Other specials || Kipindi tofauti tofauti |- | <center>9p-10p || <center>''Larry King Live'' || Larry King || Los Angeles || Kipindi cha mahojiano. |- | <center>10p-11p || <center>''CNN Newsroom'' || Don Lemon || Atlanta || Kipindi cha habari. |- ! colspan=5 | ==== Jumapili ==== |- ! width=55 | [[North American Eastern Standard Time Zone|ET]] || width=100 | Kipindi || Mtangazaji || width=100 | Jiji || Maelezo |- | <center>6a-730a || <center>''CNN Sunday Morning'' || Betty Nguyen na T. J. Holmes || Atlanta || Kipindi cha taarifa ya habari. |- | <center>730a-8a || <center>''House Call'' || [[Sanjay Gupta|Dr. Sanjay Gupta]] || New York || Kipindi cha matibabu. |- | <center>8a-9a || <center>''CNN Sunday Morning'' || Betty Nguyen na T. J. Holmes || Atlanta || Kipindi cha habari. |- | <center>9a-10a || rowspan=3 | <center>''[[State of the Union with John King]]'' || [[John King (journalist)|John King]] || rowspan=3| Washington D.C. || Kipindi cha siasa. |- | <center>10a-11a || Howard Kurtz || ''Reliable Sources'' ni kipindi cha kuzingatia uanahabari. |- | <center>11a-1p || John King || kipindi cha siasa. |- | <center>1p-2p || <center>''Fareed Zakaria GPS'' || Fareed Zakaria || Hubadilika || Majadiliano kuhusu habari za kimataifa. |- | <center>2p-3p || <center>''Amanpour'' || Christiane Amanpour || Hubadilika || Majadiliano kuhusu habari za kimataifa. |- | <center>3p-4p || <center>''Your Money|Your $$$$$'' || Ali Velshi na Christine Romans || New York || Kipindi cha habari za kimataifa. |- | <center>4p-6p || <center>''CNN Newsroom'' || Fredricka Whitfield || Atlanta || Taarifa ya habari. |- | <center>6p-7p || <center>''Fareed Zakaria GPS'' || Fareed Zakaria || Hubadilika || Mahojiano kuhusu habari za kimataifa. |- | <center>7p-8p || <center>''CNN Newsroom'' || Don Lemon || Atlanta || Taarifa ya habari. |- | <center>8p-9p || colspan=3 | <center>''State of the Union with John King'' / ''[[CNN Special Investigations Unit|CNN SIU]]'' / ''CNN Presents'' |- | <center>9p-10p ||<center>''Larry King Live'' || Larry King || Los Angeles ||Kipindi cha mahojiano. |- | <center>10p-11p || <center>''CNN Newsroom'' || Don Lemon || Atlanta || Taarifa ya habari. |} ==== Wachambuzi wa kisiasa ==== * [[Jack Cafferty]], Mwanahabari * [[Gloria Borger]], Mchambuzi mkuu wa siasa * [[Candy Crowley]], Mwanahabari mkuu wa siasa * [[Ali Velshi]], Mwanahabari wa biashara * [[Jeff Toobin]], Mchambuzi mkuu wa sheria * [[Bill Schneider]], Mwanahabari mkuu wa siasa * [[David Gergen]], Mchambuzi mkuu wa siasa * [[John King]], Mwanahabari mkuu == Stesheni maalum == [[Picha:Debate televisivo Canal 13 CNN.jpg|thumb|right|Mahojiano katika [[CNN en Español]]]] * CNN.com Live * CNN Airport Network * CNN Checkout Channel * CNN en Español * HLN (TV network)|HLN * CNN International * CNN+ (a partner network in [[Spain]], launched in 1999 with [[Sogecable]]) * CNN TÜRK A Turkish media outlet. * CNN-IBN An [[India]]n news channel. * CNNj A Japanese news outlet. * CNN Chile A [[Chile]]an news channel launched on 4 Desemba 2008. * n-tv German 24 hour news channel in German language. In 2009, on air graphic (DOG position and news ticker) is like CNN. Owned by RTL Group == Ofisi == [[Picha:CNN News bureaus world.png|thumb|Ofisi za CNN kote duniani]] [[Picha:Cnncenter.jpg|right|thumb|Kituo cha CNN mjini Atlanta.]] [[Picha:CNN Center studios.jpg|thumb|Studio ya CNN.]] === Marekani === {| |- valign ="top" | | * '''[[Atlanta|Atlanta (Makao Makuu)]]''' * [[Boston]] * '''[[Chicago]]''' * '''[[Dallas]]''' * '''[[Los Angeles]]''' * [[Miami]] * [[New Orleans]] * '''[[New York City]]''' * '''[[San Francisco]]''' * '''[[Washington, D.C.]]''' | * [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]] * [[Denver]] * [[Houston]] * [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]] * [[Minneapolis]] * [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]] * [[Philadelphia]] * [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] * [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh-Durham]] * [[Seattle]] |- |colspan=2| === Ofisi zingine duniani === |- valign ="top" | | * [[Abu Dhabi]], [[United Arab Emirates]] (Makao Makuu ya Mashariki ya Kati) * [[Baghdad]], [[Iraki]] * [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]] * [[Beijing]], [[Uchina]] * [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]] * [[Berlin]], [[Ujerumani]] * [[Bogotá]], [[Colombia]] * [[Cairo]], [[Misri]] * [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]] * [[Havana]], [[Cuba]] * '''[[Hong Kong]]''' * [[Islamabad]], [[Pakistan]] * [[Istanbul]], [[Uturuki]] * [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] * [[Tehran]], [[Iran]] (until the 2009 election when foreign media where expelled from the country) * [[Yerusalemu]], [[Israel]] | * [[Johannesburg]], [[Afrika Kusini]] * [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]] * '''[[London]], [[Uingereza]]''' (Makao makuu ya bara ulaya) * [[Madrid]], [[Uhispania]] * [[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]] * [[Moscow]], [[Urusi]] * [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] * [[New Delhi]], [[India]] * [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]] * [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] * [[Santiago de Chile]], [[Chile]] * [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]] * [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]] * [[Tokyo]], [[Ujapani]] |} == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.cnn.com/ CNN.com] * [http://edition.cnn.com CNN International] [[Jamii:Atlanta, Georgia]] [[Jamii:Televisheni ya kimataifa]] [[Jamii:Kifupi]] higovmkl51ndhvxoft96y2owjtdazti Uhuru Park 0 34338 1241095 1172065 2022-08-08T14:01:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Uhuru park.JPG|thumb|Uhuru Park, Mjini Nairobi]] [[Image:National Nyayo Monument In Central Park In Nairobi, Kenya.jpg|thumb|Nyayo Monument]] '''Uhuru Park''' ni eneo la [[burudani]] karibu na eneo la kati la [[biashara]] la [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]. Lina [[ziwa]] bandia na jumba la mikutano ambalo hutumika kwa mikutano ya kisiasa na ya kidini. Ina sifa mbaya kama eneo ambapo [[maandamano]] dhidi ya unyakuaji haramu wa ardhi ulivunjwa na [[serikali]] [[Moi]] kwa kutumia fujo nyingi. Mwaka 1989, [[Wangari Maathai]] na wengi wa wafuasi wake walifanya maandamano katika hifadhi hilo, na kujaribu kusitisha ujenzi wa jumba la ghorofa 60 la 'Kenya Times Media Trust'. Alilazimishwa na serikali aache ofisi yake na alikuwa akishutumiwa bungeni, lakini maandamano yake na mwitikio wa serikali uliwafanya wawekezaji wa kigeni kufuta mradi.<ref name="Ecologist">The Ecologist (2001). [https://archive.is/20130102141631/www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-10827504_ITM The Good, ya Bad, na Ugly.] Ilipakuliwa 2008/04/13.</ref> Mnamo Agosti [[1996]], kundi la [[Kanisa Katoliki|Wakatoliki]] wakiongozwa na [[Askofu mkuu]] [[Kardinali]] [[Maurice Michael Otunga]] lilichoma rundo la [[kondomu]] katika Uhuru Park ili kupinga matumizi ya kifaa hicho kama njia salama ya kujikinga dhidi ya maambukizi ya Ukimwi<ref>[http://www.ifex.org/fr/content/view/full/77499 International Freedom of Expression Exchange]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.greenbeltmovement.org/index.php The Green Belt Movement] *[http://www.wangarimaathai.or.ke/ Wangari Maathai] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wangarimaathai.or.ke/ |date=20061205031909 }} {{nairobi}} [[Jamii:Nairobi]] [[Jamii:Vivutio vya Kenya]] 6ip6y296u1p4tbmikyw372p3n666egp Ukumbi wa Mikutano wa Kimataifa wa Kenyatta 0 34351 1241092 1232190 2022-08-08T13:58:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:KICC.JPG|thumb|Ukumbi wa KICC]] '''Ukumbi wa Mikutano wa Kimataifa wa Kenyatta''' au Kenyatta International Conference Centre (KICC) ni jengo la ghorofa 30 iliko mjini [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]. Iko katikta eneo la kati la biashara la Nairobi. Ni ukumbi kwa mikutano, maonyesho na matukio maalumu ndani ya umbali wa kutembea wa hoteli kadhaa za nyota tano. Imekuwa mwenyeji wa mikutano mingi ya kimataifa na semina. Kuna vyumba kadhaa vya mikutano vilivyo na vifaa vizuri na kile kikubwa kabisa kiko na uwezo wa zaidi ya wajumbe 4,000. Iko na vifaa vya kutafsiria lugha sambamba ambavyo vina uwezo wa kutafsiria lugha saba, kituo cha biashara cha kisasa, benki, huduma za ziara na kusafiri, kiwanja kikubwa na pahali pa kuegezea magari salama. == Historia == Ukumbi wa Mikutano wa Kimataifa wa Kenyatta ulijengwa kati ya miaka ya 1966-1973. Ilifadhiliwa na serikali. Mwaka 1989 umiliki wake uli kwa chama cha kisiasa cha [[KANU]], chama cha kisiasa cha kisheria pekee nchini Kenya. KICC ilirejeshwa kwa serikali mwaka 2003, wakati KANU walitolewa kwa serikali <ref>[1] ^ Daily Nation, 11 Novemba 2003: [http://www.nation.co.ke/News/politics/-/1064/489442/-/yw5jicz/-/index.html Jitihada za KANU za kuimiliki KICC tena zakosa kufanikiwa]</ref> == Jumba la Amphitheatre == Katika jumba la amphitheatre "urithi na usasa wakutana". Liliundwa kwa mikutano ya ukubwa wa kati, viti 800 katika balcony tatu zilizozunguka auditorium, huleta uhai katika mikutano yoyote ya kibiashara. Iko na vibanda vya SIE, vifaa kamili vya mantiki za kurekodi, vifaa vya hali ya juu vya kutangazia umma na vya kuzuia sauti. == Jumba la Mjadala == Kama jumba kubwa zaidi la mikutano la aina yake katika Afrika ya Mashariki, jumba hili limezungukwa na mawe ya kuzuia sauti, mbao asili na dari la kifahari. Jumba hili huhudumia mikutano mikubwa ya kimataifa, maonyesho na sherehe kubwa za kifahari, na lina uwezo wa watu 5,000. Liko na vifaa vya hali ya juu vya kurekodia na kupazia sauti, vibanda visivyotumia waya vya kutafsiria (hadi lugha saba) na maeneo ya kuangalilia. Dari zake za juu ziliwekwa kwa sababu ya mapambo mazuri, bendera za kukuza na nyenzo zingine za kukuza. == Uani == Hili ni ua la mita mraba 705 lililo na lami linalozunguka sanamu ya [[Jomo Kenyatta]]. Liliundwa kama eneo la mapumziko kwa wale wanaohudhuria mikutano. Ua hili liko na bustani, vidimbwi vya maji na chemichemi. Fito kadhaa za bendera na mabalcony uani zimetengenezwa na fashoni ambayo huziwezesha kuhudumia makutio ya kukuzia. == Uwanja wa COMESA == Uwanja huu wa [[COMESA]] ni mkubwa na uko kando na bunge la Kenya. Mwaka 1999, onyesho kubwa zaidi kufanyika nchini Kenya, lililowaleta pamoja waonyeshi wa COMESA kutoka kila nchi, lilifanyika KICC. Miongoni mwa waliohudhuria walikuwa wakuu tisa wa nchi, waliokuja kuhudhuria mkutano wa Wakuu wa Nchi. Uwanja huu unaweza kutumiwa kuhudumia maonyesho makubwa ama kuegeshea magari hadi 1,000. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{Official|http://www.kicc.co.ke/}} {{nairobi}} [[Category:1974]] [[Category:Majengo mjini Nairobi]] 62hjb0nb8rsmsrup8i7mbrqw5ywsxoi Orodha ya masoko ya hisa barani Afrika 0 34397 1241248 1211370 2022-08-08T19:51:40Z Bestoernesto 23840 /* Orodha */ upgrade Eswatini wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Africa satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|Picha ya satelaiti ya Afrika]] Hii ni '''Orodha ya masoko ya ubadilishanaji hisa barani Afrika.''' Wanachama wa [[Shirika la Masoko ya Hisa ya Afrika]] (ASEA) wameonyeshwa kwa alama ya asteriski *. Afrika ina angalau Soko moja la hisa la kanda, lile la [[Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières]], au '''BRVM,''' lililoko mjini [[Abidjan]], Ivory Coast. BRVM inatumiwa nchi za [[Benin]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Senegal]] na [[Togo]]. Soko la hisa la zamani zaidi katika bara ni [[Soko la Hisa la Casablanca]] la [[Moroko]] lililoanzishwa mwaka wa [[1929]], na pia ndilo la pili kwa ukubwa Afrika baada ya [[Soko la Hisa la Johannesburg]]. {{Clear}} ==Orodha== {| class="wikitable" |- | Soko | Kikao chake | Mwanzo | Usajili | Kiungo |- | [[Soko la Kanda ya Afrika Magharibi]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières]] * | [[Abidjan]] | 1998 | align="center"| 39 | [http://www.brvm.org/fr/index.htm BRVM] {{Wayback|url=http://www.brvm.org/fr/index.htm |date=20090430204646 }} |- | {{Flag icon|Algeria}} [[Algeria]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Bourse des Valeurs Mobilieres d'Alger]] | [[Algiers]] | 1997 | align="right"|7 | [http://www.sgbv.dz/ SGBV] |- | {{Flag icon|Botswana}} [[Botswana]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Botswana]] * | [[Gaborone]] | 1989 | align="center"| 44 | [http://www.bse.co.bw/ BSE] |- | {{Flag icon|Cameroon}} [[Kamerun]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Douala]] | [[Douala]] | 2001 | align="center"| 1 | [http://www.douala-stock-exchange.com/index_fr.php DSX] |- | {{Flag icon|Cape Verde}} [[Cape Verde]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Bolsa de Valores de Cabo Verde]] | [[Praia]] | | | [http://www.bvc.cv/ BVC] |- | {{Flag icon|Egypt}} [[Misri]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Cairo na Aleksandria]] * | [[Cairo, Alexandria]] | 1883 | align="center"| 378 | [http://www.egyptse.com/ CASE] |- | {{Flag icon|Eswatini}} [[Eswatini]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Eswatini Stock Exchange]] * | [[Mbabane]] | 1990 | align="center"| 10 | [https://www.ese.co.sz/ ESE] {{Wayback|url=https://ese.co.sz/ |date=20210619051725 }} |- | {{Flag icon|Ghana}} [[Ghana]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Ghana]] | [[Accra]] | 1990 | align="center"| 28 | [http://www.gse.com.gh/ GSE] |- | {{Flag icon|Kenya}} [[Kenya]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Nairobi]] | [[Nairobi]] | 1954 | align="center"| 48 | [http://www.nse.co.ke/ NSE] |- | {{Flag icon|Libya}} [[Libya]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Libya]] * | [[Tripoli]] | ''2007'' | align="center"| 7 | [http://www.lsm.gov.ly/ LSM] |- | {{Flag icon|Malawi}} [[Malawi]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Malawi]] * | [[Blantyre]] | 1995 | align="center"| 8 | [http://www.mse.co.mw/ MSE] |- | {{Flag icon|Mauritius}} [[Mauritius]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Mauritius]] * | [[Port Louis]] | 1988 | align="center"| 40 | [http://www.stockexchangeofmauritius.com/ SEM] |- | {{Flag icon|Morocco}} [[Moroko]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Casablanca]] * | [[Casablanca]] | 1929 | align="center"| 77 | [http://www.casablanca-bourse.com/ Casa SE] |- | {{Flag icon|Mozambique}} [[Msumbiji]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Maputo]] * | [[Maputo]] | 1999 | | [http://www.mbendi.co.za/exch/29/p0005.htm BVM] |- | {{Flag icon|Namibia}} [[Namibia]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Namibia]] * | [[Windhoek]] | 1992 | | Nsx |- | {{Flag icon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Hisa na Bidhaa la Abuja]] | [[Abuja]] | 2001 | | [http://www.abujacomex.com/ ASCE] {{Wayback|url=http://www.abujacomex.com/ |date=20070201230750 }} |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Nigeria]] | [[Lagos]] | 1960 | align="center"| 223 | [http://www.nigerianstockexchange.com/ NSE] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nigerianstockexchange.com/ |date=20100205074204 }} <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nigerianstockexchange.com/downloads/june2008.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-01-04 |archivedate=2011-07-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714182054/http://nigerianstockexchange.com/downloads/june2008.pdf }}</ref> |- | {{Flag icon|Rwanda}} [[Rwanda]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Rwanda]] | [[Kigali]] | 2008 | align="center"| 3 | [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7220603.stm BBC Article] |- | {{Flag icon|South Africa}} [[Afrika Kusini]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[AltX]] | [[Johannesburg]] | 2003 | align="center"| 51 | [http://www.altx.co.za/listedcompanies/browse/search.htm ALTX] {{Wayback|url=http://www.altx.co.za/listedcompanies/browse/search.htm |date=20090918111544 }} |- | [[Bond Exchange ya Afrika Kusini]] | [[Johannesburg]] | 1989 | align="center"| ~ 400 | [http://www.bondexchange.co.za/besa/view/besa/en/page1 BESA] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bondexchange.co.za/besa/view/besa/en/page1 |date=20100221183235 }} |- | [[JSE Limited]] * | [[Johannesburg]] | 1887 | align="center"| 472 | [http://www.jse.co.za/ JSE] |- | [[Futures Exchange ya Afrika Kusini]] | [[Johannesburg]] | 1990 | | [http://www.safex.co.za/ap/ SAFEX] {{Wayback|url=http://www.safex.co.za/ap/ |date=20091209152414 }} |- | {{Flag icon|Sudan}} [[Sudan]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Khartoum]] | [[Khartoum]] | | align = "center" | [http://www.kse.com.sd/ KSE] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kse.com.sd/ |date=20121127090843 }} |- | {{Flag icon|Tanzania}} [[Tanzania]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Dar es Salaam]] | [[Dar es Salaam]] | 1998 | align="center"| 11 | [http://www.darstockexchange.com/ DSE] {{Wayback|url=http://www.darstockexchange.com/ |date=20100110013635 }} |- | {{Flag icon|Tunisia}} [[Tunisia]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Bourse de Tunis]] | [[Tunis]] | 1969 | align="center"| 56 | [http://www.bvmt.com.tn/ BVMT] |- | {{Flag icon|Uganda}} [[Uganda]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Uganda]] * | [[Kampala]] | 1997 | align="center"| 13 | [http://www.use.or.ug/home.asp KUTUMIA] {{Wayback|url=http://www.use.or.ug/home.asp |date=20080304001119 }} |- | {{Flag icon|Zambia}} [[Zambia]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Bidhaa za kilimo la Zambia]] | [[Lusaka]] | | align="center"| | [http://www.zaca.com.zm/ ZACA] {{Wayback|url=http://www.zaca.com.zm/ |date=20071224035023 }} |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Lusaka]] * | [[Lusaka]] | 1994 | align="center"| 16 | [http://www.luse.co.zm/ LuSE] |- | {{Flag icon|Zimbabwe}} [[Zimbabwe]] | | | align = "right" | |- | [[Soko la Hisa la Zimbabwe]] * | [[Harare]] | 1993 | align="center"| 81 | [http://www.zse.co.zw/ ZSE] |} ==Marejeo== <references></references> ==Tazama Pia== {{Lango|Africa}} *[[Uchumi wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya masoko ya hisa]] {{Africa topics}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Masoko ya hisa barani Afrika}} [[Jamii:Orodha]] [[Jamii:Uchumi wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Soko la hisa| ]] e17ao5rff1pa3bym22vol0bcoh2436h Pepe Kallé 0 34516 1240964 1147757 2022-08-08T12:11:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 | jina = Pepe Kallé | background = solo_singer | image = | image_size = | landscape = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | jina la kuzaliwa = Kabasele Yampanya | alias =  | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{birth date|1951|11|30|df=y}} | mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]], [[Kongo ya Kibegiji]] | origin = | tarehe ya kufa = {{death date and age|1998|11|28|1951|11|30|df=y}} | death_place = ? | aina = [[Soukous|African Rumba]] | occupation = | instrument = | miaka ya kazi = 1960-1998 | label = | associated_acts = | website = }} '''Pepe Kallé ''' (30 Novemba [[1951]] - 28 Novemba [[1998]]) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa soukous, mwanamuziki na kiongozi wa bendi kutoka nchi ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Pepe Kallé alipozaliwa alipewa jina '''Kabasele Yampanya ''' katika mji mkuu wa [[Kinshasa]] (wakati huo mji huu ulikuwa unajulikana kama Léopoldville), lakini baadaye aliamua kulichukua jina la mshauri wake, Grand Pepe Kalle. ==Muziki na maisha== Pepe Kalle alikuwa na uwezo wa kuimba kwa sauti ya juu zaidi pamoja na sauti ya chini zaidi ambayo kwa lugha ya kimombo inaitwa “multi-Octave range”. Pepe Kalle alikuwa akiingia jukwani anatambulika mara moja kwani alikuwa na urefu wa sentimita 190 (fiti 6 inchi 3) na uzito wa kilogramu 136 (puandi 300). Mwimbaji huyu alirekodi zaidi ya nyimbo mia tatu na Albamu ishirini katika wasifu wake wa miongo miwili mirefu ya muziki. Kwa wapenzi wake wa muziki alikuwa anajulikana kama "tembo wa muziki Halisi ya Afrika " na "La Bombe Atomique" kwani Pepe Kalle aliwatumbuiza watazamaji tendaji zake za nguvu. Wasifu wake wa kimuziki ulianza na African Jazz, bendi ya Grand Pepe Kalle. Baadaye akawa mwimbaji kiongozi wa [[Lipua Lipua]], ambapo aliimba sambamba na [[Nyboma Mwandido]]. Mwaka wa 1972, Pepe Kalle pamoja na [[Dilu Dilumona]] na [[Papy Tex]], waliiacha bendi ya Lipua Lipua na kuunda bendi yao wenyewe iliyokuwa ikiitwa [[Empire Bakuba]]. Empire Bakuba ilichukua jina lake kutoka kabila ya kishujaa ya Kikongo, na kundi hili lilingiza ngoma na midundo ya muziki kutoka ndanindani, sauti ambazo zilikuwa zimetupiliwa mbali kwa muda mrefu na rumba maarufu. Bendi hii ilikuwa maarufu mara moja na pamoja na [[Zaiko Langa Langa]] wakawa bendi za vijana maarufu zaidi katika mji mkuu wa Kinshasa. Pamoja na vibao motomoto kama ''Dadou'' ya Pepe Kallé na ''Sango ya mawa'' ya Papy Tex, bendi hii daima ilishirikishwa kwenye chati ya muziki. Wao pia waliumba njia mpya ya kucheza au kusakata iliyojulikana kama [[kwassa kwassa]]. Katika mwaka wao wa kumi tangu kuanzishwa kwao mwaka wa 1982, bendi hii iliteuliwa kama kundi cha juu zaidi nchini Zaire. Katika miaka ya mapema ya 1980, Empire Bakuba iliendelea ziara zake za mbali huku ikitoa zaidi ya albamu nne kwa mwaka. Katikati ya miaka za 1980, walikuwa na wafuasi wengi katika Kati ya [[Francophone]] na Afrika Magharibi. Ushirikiano wake wa mwaka wa 1986 pamoja na Nyboma iliyokuwa ikiitwa ''Zouke Zouke'' ilikuwa mmoja kati ya Albamu zilizouzwa sana mwaka huo. Lakini ilikuwa ushirikiano wake wa pili na Nyboma, ''Moyibi'' (mwaka wa 1988), ambayo ilianzisha umaarufu wake kote Afrika. Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1980 na mapema miaka ya 1990, Pepe Kalle aliunganisha vipengele vya soukous vilivyochezwa kwa kasi ambavyo viliundwa katika studio za [[Paris]]. Albamu yake ya mwaka wa 1990, [[Roger Milla]], iliyotoa shukrani kwa talanta na ujuzi wa mwanakandanda huyu mkuu kutoka Kamerun, ni mfano maridadi wa mpangilio huu. Mwaka wa 1992, bendi ilikabiliwa na msiba wake wa kwanza mkubwa wakati Emoro, mbilikimo wa kusakata rhumba wa bendi, aliupa dunia mkono wa buriani wakati walikuwa ziarani nchini [[Botswana]]. Licha ya msiba huu, umaarufu wa Pepe Kallé uliendelea kuenea katika miaka ya tisini kwani alitoa Albamu kama ''Gigantafrique'' , ''Larger than life'' na ''Cocktail'' . Alishirikiana na wanamuziki wa kitambo mashuhuri kama vilevile Lutumba Simaro na Nyoka Longo. Pepe Kallé aliaga dunia kutokana na mshtuko wa moyo mnamo Novemba 1998. ==Diskografia== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Na. !! Jina la albamu !! Mwaka !! Maelezo |- | 1 || [[Et L'Empire Bakuba ‎– Untitled]] || 1982 || Albamu ya kwanza akiwa na Empire Bakuba, lakini ilikosa jina. |- | 2 || [[Bitoto]] || 1985 || Zaire |- | 3 || [[Soucis Ya Likinga]] || 1986 || Albamu ya kwanza kufanya akiwa nchini [[Ufaransa]] |- | 4 || [[Kwasa Kwasa]] || 1987 || Ya pili kutoka Ufaransa |- | 5 || [[ Moyibi]] || 1988 || Ameshirikiana na [[Nyboma]] |- | 6 || [[L'Argent Ne Fait Pas Le Bonheur!]] || 1988 || Albamu ya pili ndani ya mwaka mmoja. |- | 7 || [[Pepe-Kalle]] || 1989 || Albamu yenye jina lake. |- | 8 || [[Pon Moun Paka Bougé ]] || 1989 || Utaratibu wa albamu zaidi ya moja ndani ya mwaka mmoja inaendelea. Alifanya hivi mwaka 1988. |- | 9 || [[Atinze Mwana Popi]] || 1989 || Albamu ya tatu ndani ya mwaka mmoja. |- | 10 || [[Chante Le Poète Simaro Massiya]] || 1989 || Albamu ya nne ndani ya mwaka mmoja. |- | 11 || [[Gigantafrique! ]] || 1990 || |- | 12 || [[ Le Tube De Vos Vacances : Liya Liya Faina]] || 1990 || Albamu ya pili ndani ya mwaka mmoja |- | 13 || [[ Gerant]] || 1991 || Albamu ina wimbo wa maarufu [[Afrika Mashariki]] - hasa [[Tanzania]] "[[Shikamo Seye]]" au maarufu kama "Hidaya" wangu. |- | 14 || [[Divisé Par Deux]] || 1992 || |- | 15 || [[Maya]] || 1992 || Albamu ya pili kutoka ndani ya mwaka mmoja na vilevile ya pili kufanya na msanii mwingine mbali na Empire Bakuba baada ya ile aliofanya na Nyboma 1988. Albamu ameshirikiana na "[[Lutumba Simaro]]". |- | 16 || [[Hommage À Emoro]] || 1992 || Albamu ya tatu kutoa ndani ya mwaka, ya pili kufanya na Nyboma tangu "Moyibi". Ya kwanza kufanya na "[[Bopol Mansiamina]]". |- | 17 || [[isanga Ya "Banganga" ]] || 1992 || Albamu ya nne kutoa ndani ya mwaka mmoja, ya kwanza kufanya na marehemu "[[Tabu Ley]]". |- | 18 || [[Larger Than Life]] || 1992 || Albamu ya tano kutoka ndani ya mwaka mmoja. Albamu ina nyimbo kadhaa kutoka katika albamu zilizopita. |- | 19 || [[Mamie Music Clarification]] || 1992 || Albamu ya sita kutoa ndani ya mwaka mmoja, ya kwanza kufanya na [[Papy Tex]] |- | 20 || [[Sacrée Doudou]] || 1992 || Albamu ya saba kutoka ndani ya mwaka mmoja. Albamu ya kwanza kushirikiana na mwanamama "Doudou Bastide". |- | 21 || [[Gardez Votre Souffle]] || 1993 || |- | 22 || [[Dieu Seul Sait]] || 1997 || |- | 23 || [[Cocktail]] || 1998 || Na huu ndio mwaka aliokufa. |- | 24 || [[Pépé Kallé]] || ? || Mwaka haujulikani. Lakini ilisambazwa na "Mélodie Distribution" ya nchi Ufaransa |- | 25 || [[Milla]] || ? || Albamu haijulikani imetoka mwaka gani wala lebo ya usambazaji haijulikani. Lakini ina nyimbo za zamani ambazo zinatoka katika albamu zilizopita. |- | 26 || [[Pepe Kalle (albamu)]] || 1990 || Albamu ya pili yenye jina lake. |- | 27 || [[ Album Lumière]] || ? || |- |} ===Kompilesheni albamu=== Hizi ni orodha ya albamu zilizotolewa kama kompilesheni au nyimbo mchanganyiko kutoka kwa Pepe Kalle. {| class="wikitable" !align="left"|Jina la albamu !align="left"|Mwaka |- |align="left"|[[Zabolo]] |align="center"|1997 |- |align="left"|[[Best Of Pepe Kalle]] |align="center"|1998 |- |align="left"|[[The Best Of Pépé Kallé]] |align="center"|1999<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/artist/458054-P%C3%A9p%C3%A9-Kall%C3%A9?page=2 Diskografia ya Pepe Kalle] katika wavuti ya [[Discogs]].</ref> |- |} ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://kenyapage.net/music/pepe-kalle.html Pepe Kallé katika Kituo cha Muziki cha Afrika] * [http://www.afropop.org/explore/artist_info/ID/229/Pepe%20Kalle/ Pepe Kallé saa Wasikilize] {{Wayback|url=http://www.afropop.org/explore/artist_info/ID/229/Pepe%20Kalle/ |date=20051004060128 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kalle, Pepe}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1998]] [[Category:Watu kutoka Kinshasa]] [[Category:Waimbaji wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] i038hrahl1gffgf98wv16wkbiermnwg Achieng Oneko 0 34762 1241013 1138648 2022-08-08T12:30:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jomo Kenyatta Apa Pant and Acheing Oneko.jpg|thumbnail| [[Jomo Kenyatta]], [[Apa Saheb Bala Saheb Pant|Apa Pant]] and Achieng Oneko]] '''Ramogi Achieng Oneko''' ([[1920]] - [[9 Juni]] [[2007]]) alikuwa mpigania uhuru na [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] katika nchi ya [[Kenya]], alipokuwa anachukuliwa kama [[shujaa]] wa kitaifa. Alizaliwa katika kijiji cha Tieng'a katika eneo ndogo la Uyoma katika [[Wilaya ya Bondo]] mnamo mwaka wa 1920. == Kuzuiliwa Kwake == Oneko alikuwa mmoja wa wapigania uhuru sita ambao walikamatwa na serikali ya kikoloni ya Uingereza wilayani [[Kapenguria]] mwaka wa 1952. Wanachama wengine wa kikundi hicho waliokuwa wanajulikana kama "Kapenguria six" walikuwa [[Jomo Kenyatta]], [[Paul Ngei]], [[Bildadi Kaggia]],[[Kungu Karumba]] na [[Fred Kubai]]. Sita hao walikamatwa kwa madai ya kuhusishwa na harakati ya [[Uasi ya Mau Mau]]<ref name="fare">The Standard: 16 Juni 2007: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20071007114739/http://www.eastandard.net/hm_news/news.php?articleid=1143970012 Fare thee well Achieng’ Oneko]''</ref> wakaachiliwa miaka tisa baadaye, mnamo mwaka wa 1961, miaka miwili kabla ya Kenya kupata uhuru. == Siasa == Uchaguzi wa ubunge wa kwanza ulifanyika mnamo siku ya uhuru mwaka wa 1963 na Achieng Oneko alishinda kiti cha eneo bunge la Mji wa [[Nakuru]]. Jomo Kenyatta akawa rais wa kwanza wa Jamhuri ya Kenya na kwa haraka akamteuwa Achieng Oneko kama Waziri wa Habari, Utangazaji na Utalii. Hata hivyo, mwaka wa 1966 Oneko alijiondoa serikalini na kujiunga na chama kipya cha Kenya People's Union, chama cha kijamii kilichokuwa kinaongozwa na sahibu wake Oginga Odinga Mnamo mwaka wa 1969 Oneko alikamatwa na rafiki yake wa zamani, Kenyatta, kufuatia machafuko huko [[Kisumu]] wakati wa ziara yake (Kenyatta) katika mji huo. Oneko aliachiliwa mwaka wa 1975. Oneko alirejea siasani mwaka wa 1992 wakati alichaguliwa kama mbunge katika uchaguzi wa kwanza wa vyama vingi nchini Kenya. Alikiwakilisha chama cha,[[Ford-Kenya]] kilichokuwa kikiongozwa na Oginga Odinga. Hata hivyo, alipoteza kiti chake cha eneo bunge la [[Rarieda]] katika uchaguzi ujao mwaka wa 1997. == Hiba == Oneko aliipa dunia mkono wa buriani baada ya kuathiriwa na [[mshambulio wa moyo]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 87 mnamo 9 Juni 2007 nyumbani kwake katika kijiji cha Kunya, Rarieda, Wilaya ya Bondo. Oneko aliacha mjane Loice Anyango. Mkewe mkubwa, Jedida, alifariki mwaka wa 1992. Oneko aliacha watoto 11, wanaume saba na binti wanne. Mwana wake mkongwe ni Dk Ongonga Achieng. Wakati wa kifo chake, Oneko alikuwa mwanachama pekee wa "Kapenguria six" ambaye alikuwa bado hai. Siku ya Kenyatta, likizo ya kitaifa nchini Kenya, hufanyika ili kuenzi sita hao waliowekwa kizuizini mnamo 20 Oktoba 1952 == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Oneko, Achieng}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2007]] btwtmem36bj1rrltwoju5fl0vswdm7r Violeta Parra 0 35042 1240984 1203878 2022-08-08T12:17:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | Jina = Violeta Parra | Img = Parra01f.PNG | Img_capt = Violeta Parra katika miaka ya 1960s. | Background = solo_singer | Jina la kuzaliwa = Violeta Parra del Carmen Sandoval | Aina = [[Nyimbo za Kilatini]] | Ala za muziki = [[Sauti]], [[Gitaa]] | Studio = [[Odeon Records|EMI-Odeon]] Alerce [[Warner Music]] | Kazi yake = [[Mwanamuziki]],Mwanasiasa,Msanii | Asili yake = [[San Carlos]],[[Chile]] | Amezaliwa = 4 Oktoba 1917 | Amekufa = 5 Februari 1967 | Miaka ya kazi = 1949-1965 | Tovuti = [http://www.violetaparra.scd.cl/ Tovuti Rasmi] }} ==Historia== '''Violeta Parra del Carmen Sandoval''' ([[4 Oktoba]] [[1917]] - [[5 Februari]] [[1967]]) alikuwa mwanamke mashuhuri na maarufu wa [[Chile]] .Alikuwa msanii wa hadithi na wa vitu vya kuonwa. Yeye ndiye aliyeweka msingi wa "New Song," ''La Nueva Cancion chilena'', mtindo mpya na bora wa kuimba hadithi za Kichile.Mtindo huu ungesambaa na kuenea huku ikishawishi watu wengine bali na Wachile tu. ==Wasifu== Parra alizaliwa katika eneo la [[San Carlos]],katika mkoa wa Ñuble, mji mdogo uliokuwa kusini mwa [[Chile]]. Alikuwa mhusika katika harakati za maendeleo za Chama cha Socialist Party cha Chile. Yeye ndiye aliyerudisha ''Peña''(inayojulikana sasa kama ''La Peña de Los Parra''). Peña ni kituo cha jamii cha sanaa na harakati za kisiasa za kupinga dhuluma kwa raia. Baadhi ya watu hufikiri yeye ndiye aliyeanzisha Peña ya kwanza lakini katika rekodi za Shule ya Kifalme ya Lugha ya Kihispania,pahala kama hizi ziliitwa hivyo tangu mwaka wa 1936. Wakati wa serikali ya Rais [[Salvador Allende]] kulikuwa na maPeña kote nchini Chile. Hivyo basi zikapigwa marufuku na serikali ya kijeshi iliyotoa Allende na wenzake. Serikali mpya ikafanya wafungwa na wakimbizi wengi kutoka sekta za sanaa na masomo ya Chile. Hata hivyo, bado kuna maPeña mengi yanayoendelea kote Chile,[[America]],[[Amerika ya Kaskazini],[[Uropa]] na [[Australia]]. Watu katika maPeña haya wanaendelea kuerevusha na kusomesha jamii ya Wachile waliotoroka Chile baada ya mapinduzi ya kijeshi ya 11 Septemba 1973 iliyomtoa Rais Salvador Allende. Violeta Parra alikuwa mmoja wa familia mashuhuri ya Parra. Kaka yake alikuwa mshairi mashuhuri wa kisasa, anafahamika zaidi kama "anti-mshairi", Nicanor Parra. Mwanawe, Angel Parra, na binti yake, Isabel Parra, walikuwa pia watu muhimu katika maendeleo ya ''Nueva Canción Chilena''. Watoto wao ,pia, wamejihusisha na mila ya sanaa katika familia yao. Violeta Parra alijiua kwa kujipiga risasi kwa kichwa katika mwaka wa 1967 kwa sababu ya huzuni kwa kuvunjika kwa uhusiano wake na [[Gilbert Favre]]. [[File:Tumba_Violeta_Parra.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Kaburi ya Violeta Parra]] Wimbo wake unaojulikana zaidi ni ''Gracias a la Vida''(Asante kwa maisha), iliyopigiwa debe Amerika ya Kusini na [[Mercedes Sosa]] na hapo baadaye [[Marekani]] na [[Joan Baez]]. Huu ndio mmojawapo wa nyimbo zinazojulikana kabisa katika Amerika ya Kilatini katika historia. == Diskografia == === Albamu za Studio === * ''Chants et danses du chili. Vol. 1'' (1956) * ''Chants et danses du chili. Vol. 2'' (1956) * ''Violeta Parra, Canto y guitarra. El Folklore de Chile, Vol. I'' (1956) * ''Violeta Parra, acompañada de guitarra. El Folklore de Chile, Vol. II'' (1958) * ''La cueca presentada por Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chile, Vol. III.'' (1958) * ''La tonada presentada por Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chile, Vol. IV.'' (1958) * ''Toda Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chile, Vol. VIII'' (1960) * ''Violeta Parra, guitare et chant: Chants et danses du Chili.'' (1963) * ''Recordandeo a Chile (Una Chilena en París).'' (1965) * ''Carpa de la Reina'' (1966) * ''Las últimas composiciones de Violeta Parra'' (1967) === Diskografia ya baada ya kifo === * ''Violeta Parra y sus canciones reencontradas en París'' (1971) * ''Canciones de Violeta Parra'' (1971) * ''Le Chili de Violeta Parra'' (1974) * ''Un río de sangre'' (1975) * ''Presente / Ausente'' (1975) * ''Décimas'' (1976) * ''Chants & rythmes du Chili '' (1991) * ''El hombre con su razón'' (1992) * ''Décimas y Centésimas'' (1993) * ''El folklore y la pasión'' (1994) * ''Haciendo Historia: La jardinera y su canto'' (1997) * ''Violeta Parra: Antología'' (1998) * ''Canciones reencontradas en París'' (1999) * ''Composiciones para guitarra'' (1999) * ''Violeta Parra - En Ginebra, En Vivo, 1965'' (1999) * ''Violeta Parra: Cantos Campesinos'' (1999) ==Masomo zaidi== * Moreno, Albrecht: "Violeta Parra and 'La Nueva Canción Chilena.'" Kitabu kuhusu tamaduni mbalimbali za Amerika ya Kilatini 5 (1986): 108—26. ==Marejeo== # ^ Mena, Rosario. "Eduardo Parra: My Sister Violetta Parra". http://www.nuestro.cl/eng/stories/profiles/lalo_parra.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.nuestro.cl/eng/stories/profiles/lalo_parra.htm |date=20091029172218 }}. ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.violetaparra.scd.cl/ Violeta Parra] {{Wayback|url=http://www.violetaparra.scd.cl/ |date=20100102011852 }} * [http://www.nuevacancion.net/violeta/ Diskografia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nuevacancion.net/violeta/ |date=20061126095407 }} * [http://www.lajiribilla.cu/musica/grammy/issacgraciasalavida.rm Issac 2001 Toleo la Triptych ya wimbo ''Gracias A la Vida''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lajiribilla.cu/musica/grammy/issacgraciasalavida.rm |date=20051227222708 }} * [http://www.sreyes.org/vpremember.htm Makumbusho ya Violeta Parra] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sreyes.org/vpremember.htm |date=20091217105618 }} * [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7943993 Kaburi ya Violeta Parra] {{DEFAULTSORT:Parra, Violeta}} [[Category:Wanasiasa wa Chile]] [[Category:Waimbaji wa Chile]] [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1917]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1967]] t0oi58ouk4y8cz6qjg54jze3rbzq64s Faras 0 35049 1241133 1140101 2022-08-08T14:38:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Christian Nubia.png|thumb|Eneo la Faras likiwa ndani ya Nubia (juu kushoto)]] [[Image:Sudan Farras fresco of cathedral 22dez2005.jpg|thumb|Fresco ndani ya kanisa]] [[Image:Faras capitel.png|thumb|[[Capital (architecture)|Capital]] from Faras (London, British Museum)]] [[Image:Faras Saint Anne.jpg|thumb|St. Anne, the fresco katika makumbusho ya Faras (National Museum, Warsaw)]] '''Faras''' (zamani waliita {{lang-grc|Παχώρας}}, ''Pakhôras''; {{lang-la|Pachoras}}; [[Kinubi cha Kale]]: Ⲡⲁⲣⲁ, ''Para'') ulikuwa moja kati ya miji mikubwa ya Lubia ya upande wa chini, katika [[Misri]] ya leo. Mji huu ulifurika na mafuriko ya [[Ziwa Nasser]] katika miaka ya 1960, na sasa mji huu upo chini ya maji kwa kudumu. Kabla ya mafuriko, wana-elimu wa kale walifanya utafiti mkubwa sana katika eneo hili. Wanaelimu wa kale hao walitokea nchini [[Poland]]. Kwa kurudi nyuma katika kipindi cha kwanza, kipindi ambacho mji wa Faras ulikuwa mji mkubwa sana, hususani katika kipindi cha [[Meroe]] jamii ya watengenezaji zana za chuma. Eneo hili lilikuwa kama hekalu. Katika kipindi cha Wamisti kutaka kuongoza eneo la [[Nubia]] aneo la Faras lilikuwa ndilo eneo la uongozi wa utawala wa Wamisri, ambao ulikuwa katika maeneo ya ukanda wa juu kuanzia katika eneo la [[Abu Simbei]], ambapo hata utamaduni wa [[Misri]] ulikuwa umeenea sana. Jiji hili, lilizidi kupata umaarufu katika kipindi cha Wakristu wa Nubia, wakati mji wa Faras ulikuwa ni mji mkuu wa miji ya Basiliskos [[Silko]] wa [[Nobadia]]. Wakati mji wa Nobatia ulipomezwa na [[Makuria]] mji wa Faras ulibaki kuwa maarufu katika upande wa Kaskazini, na kuchukua nafasi ya Nobadia. Moja kati ya ugunduzi mkubwa uliofanywa katika kipindi hiki ni ugunduzi wa kanisa la kikristu la mji huo. Kanisa hili, lilikuwa limemezwa na mchanga nah ii ukalifanya kuendelea kutunza rangi na michoro mbalimbali katika kuta zake. Michoro hii, ni moja ya mifano hai ya kuwepo kwa sanaa ya Wakristu wa Nubian. Walichonga na kuchoro mbalibali hususani kuhusina na biblia na mapadri mbalimbali wa eneo hilo. Michoro hiyo imetuzwa hadi leo na ipo katika maonesho katika eneo la [[Warsaw]] na [[Khartoum]]. Na pia kuna mashairi yaliypatikana katika eneo la Faras Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, Wakristu kutoka Nubia, Faras wanaonekana kuanguka nahata ofisi za utawala zimeamishiwa katika sehemu iliyo rahisi zaidi kufikika ya [[Qasr Ibrim]]. ==Viungo vya Nje== [[http://www.khm.at/faras/framesetE.html {{Wayback|url=http://www.khm.at/faras/framesetE.html |date=20081216072305 }} Exhibition on Faras]], Vienna 2002 [[http://rumkatkilise.org/nubia.htm Medieval Nubia]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Misri]] [[Jamii:Nubia]] [[Jamii:Misri ya Kale]] jjfq6vy2v0ndboko4sk5ap6u8wupxoh Kian Egan 0 35109 1240954 1141760 2022-08-08T12:08:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Musical artist | Jina = Kian Egan | Img = Kian Egan 2009.jpg | Img_capt = Kian Egan | Img_size = 200px | Landscape = | Kazi = solo_singer | Sehemu ya kuzaliwa = Kian John Francis Egan | Alias = | \kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1980|4|29|df=y}} [[Sligo]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] | Instrument = [[Human voice|Vocals]], [[Drum kit|drums]], [[piano]], [[guitar]] | Aina = [[Pop music|Pop]] | Kaza = Mwimbaji, mtunzi | Years_active = 1998–present | Label = | Associated_acts = [[Westlife]] | URL = | Notable_instruments = }} '''Kian John Francis Egan''' (alizaliwa tarehe 29 Aprili 1980, [[Sligo]], nchini [[Ireland]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] katika kundi la [[Westlife]]. ==Maisha binafsi== Egan alizaliwa na Patricia pampja na.Ana kaka zake watatu ambao ni Tom, Gavin na Colm, na kaka zake watatu; Marielle, Vivienne na Fenella. Amesoma katika chuo cha [[Summerhill]] iliyopo katika eneo la [[Sligo]], ambapo hapo alikutana na wenzake [[Mark Feehily]] and [[Shane Filan]]. Egan alimuoa mwigizaji na mwimbaji [[Jodi Albert]], tarehe 8 Mai 2009 huko [[Barbados]]. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://westlife.com Official website] *[http://onebreathewestlife.tripod.com One Breathe Westlife] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070626225102/http://www.freewebs.com/westlife-forever Westlife Forever - fansite] *{{imdb|0969070|Kian Egan}} {{Westlife}} {{Westlife singles}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Ireland]] aeotaza36bqwerfmabra24a1wyvequ2 Henry Rono 0 35924 1241135 1204530 2022-08-08T14:42:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Le Kenyan Henry Rono, 'Champion des champions' du journal français 'L'Équipe' en 1978.jpg|thumb|Henry Rono]] {{MedalTableTop}} {{MedalSport | Wanaume Wakimbiaji }} {{MedalCountry | {{KEN}} }} {{MedalCompetition|[[Michezo ya All-Africa]]}} {{MedalGold| 1978 [[Algiers]] | 10,000 m}} {{MedalGold| 1978 [[Algiers]] | 3,000 m steeplechase}} {{MedalBottom}} '''Henry Rono''' (alizaliwa mnamo [[12 Februari]] [[1952]] katika sehemu ya [[Kapsabet]]) ni mkimbiaji wa zamani kutoka nchi ya [[Kenya]]. ==Wasifu== Rono alizaliwa katika sehemu ya [[Milima ya Nandi]] nchini Kenya na kabila yake ni [[Kinandi]]. Alianza mbio akiwa angali katika shule ya msingi. Kuanzia mwaka wa 1977 alihudhuria Chuo Kikuu cha Washington State, pamoja mkimbiaji mwenzake [[Samson Kimobwa]], ambaye alivunja rekodi ya dunia ya mita 10,000 mwaka wa 1977. Mkufunzi wake katika chuo kikuu alikuwa John Chaplin. Wakimbiaji zaidi kutoka nchi ya Kenya baadaye walijiandikisha katika chuo kikuu cha Washington State, pamoja na [[Bernard Lagat]], [[Mike Kosgei]], na [[Patrick Muturi]]. Akiwa angali bado katika chuo kikuu cha Washington State, Rono akawa mtu wa tatu tu katika historia (baada ya Gerry Lindgren na Steve Prefontaine) kushinda mchuano wa Cross Country wa wanaume wa NCAA mara tatu, katika miaka ya 1976, 1977, na 1979. Muda wake wa ushindi ulikuwa 28:07 mwaka wa 1976 na muda wake umebakia wa kasi zaidi katika mita 10,000 ya cross-country katika historia ya NCAA (ingawa mwaka wa 2008 Galen Rupp alikimbia kwa muda wa 27:41 katika mkutano wa mkoa wa NCAA katika kozi ambayo ilisemekana kuwa mita 80 fupi kuliko mpimo wa kawaida ). Pia alikuwa bingwa mtetezi wa steeplechase ya NCAA miaka ya 1978 na 1979 na bingwa wa mchuano wa ndani (yaani indoor kwa lugha ya kimombo) wa NCAA katika mita 3000 mnamo mwaka wa 1977. Upeo wa wasifu wa kukimbia wa Rono ulikuwa katika msimu wa mwaka 1978. Katika muda wa siku 81 tu, alivunja rekodi nne za dunia: ya mita 10,000 (27:22.5), ya mita 5,000 (13:08.4), steeplechase ya mita 3,000 (8:05.4), na mita 3,000 (7:32.1 ); mafanikio ambayo hayajafikiwa kamwe katika historia ya mbio za masafa marefu. Alipunguza rekodi ya mita 10,000 kwa karibu sekunde 8, ya mita 5000 na 4.5, ya steeplechase na 2.6, na 3000 kwa sekunde tatu kamili. Katika mwaka huo huo pia alishinda medali za dhahabu katika mbio za mita 5000 na 3000 m huku akaishiriki katika Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola. Kati yake tendaji zake zingine zilikuwa steeplechase ya mita 5000 mara mbili katika siku moja katika michuano ya kufuzu ya NCAA katika Chuo Kikuu cha Oregon katika uwanja wa Eugene 's Hayward. Aliweka rekodi katika matukio yote mawili, na muda wake katika matukio yote mawili yaalikuwa 8:18 na 13:22 mtawalia. Muda wa 8.18 ulipunguza rekodi ya NCAA kwa sekunde 6. Wakati alishiriki katika fainali ya mbio ya steeplechase siku iliyofuata, alishinda kwa muda wa 8:12.39, na kupunguza rekodi ya mkutano wa NCAA tena kwa muda wa sekunde sita. Alishinda medali za dhahabu katika mbio za mita 10,000 na mita 3000 katika [[Michezo ya All-Africa]] mwaka wa 1978. Ingawa hakutamalaki sana kama alivyotamalaki mwaka wa 1978, Rono aliendelea kukimbia na kushindana katika viwango vya juu kwa miaka minne ijayo, na kukimbia kwa muda wa kasi zaidi (13:19) wa mwaka katika mbio za mita 5,000 na kushinda mchuano wa cross-country wa NCAA mwaka wa 1979; hii ilikuwa mojawapo ya mbio za kasi zaidi katika historia ya mbio za mita 10,000 mwaka huo 1980 (27:31), huku alikuwa amekuwa na mwaka wa nguvu katika mbio ya mita 5000 na alikuwa na rekodi nyingine ya dunia mwaka wa 1981, na kukimbia muda wa kasi zaidi wa tatu katika historia katika mbio ya mita 5,000 (13:08.9) na vilevile mara mbili alimaliza mbio yak echini ya muda wa 27:30 na kukaribia rekodi ya dunia mita 10,000 kwa sekundi chache mwaka wa 1982. Baada ya 1978 mafanikio yake yakawa si ya mara kwa mara, kwani aliathiriwa na matatizo ya kuongeza uzito na kunywa pombe ambayo hakumwezeaha kukimbia kwa kasi. Mwaka wa 1981, alikimbia mbio za hali ya juu katika mita 5,000 na alivunja rekodi yake ya dunia ya mita 5,000 msimu wa majira ya joto ukielekea kuisha kwa muda wa 13:06.20, baada ya kuripotiwa kuwa alitumia sehemu bora ya siku akipumzika ilikupunguza ulevi alikuwa ameupata usiku kabla. Rono hakupata fursa ya kushiriki katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]], kwani nchi yake iligoma kushiriki katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya miaka ya 1976 na 1980 na kufikia mwaka wa 1984 alikuwa ameacha kushiriki. Baada ya kustaafu kwake, mbali na kukabiliwa na ulevi, hakuwa na mpango wa kutumia mapato yake (kamwe hakuwa na wakala au mshauri wa kifedha). Baadaye akawa maskini hohehahe, katika miaka ya 1990, alitumia muda mwingi katika makazi ya wasiokuwa na makazi katika mji mkuu wa [[Washington DC]]. Rekodi yake ya dunia (8:05.4) ya steeplechase ya mita 3,000 m wake ilisimama kwa miaka 11, na, kuanzia mwaka wa 2008, bado inasimama kama rekodi ya NCAA. Leo, Rono ni mlevi anayejirekebisha na ni mkufunzi katika shule ya sekondari katika kukimbia katika sehemu ya Albuquerque, New Mexico na anasoma ilikuhitimu na shahada katika elimu maalum. Alipohitimu umri wa miaka 55 mwezi Februari mwaka wa 2007, Rono alijaribu kuvunja rekodi ya dunia ya world masters mile ya wakimbiaji wenye umri wa 55 hadi 59. Pia aliandika tawasifu yake, inayoitwa ''Olimpic Dream'' , mwaka wa 2007. Mwaka wa 2009 iliripotiwa kuwa alipoteza uwasiliano na mke wake Jennifer Jepkemboi na watoto wake wawili Maureen Kipkorir na Calvin Chepchumba, na anajaribu kuwasiliana nao. == Ubora wa binafsi == *Mita 3000 - 7:32.1 (1978) *Mita 5000 - 13:06.20 (1981) *Mita 10,000 - 27:22.47 (1978) *Mita 3000 Steeplechase 8:05.4 (1978) == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== *{{iaaf name|id=2452}} *[http://www.team-rono.com/ Henry Rono's Web Site: Team Rono] *[http://www.authorhouse.com/BookStore/ItemDetail~bookid~45041.aspx Excerpt from Henry Rono's autobiography, ''Olympic Dream'' ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.authorhouse.com/BookStore/ItemDetail~bookid~45041.aspx |date=20080822050520 }} *[http://www.sporting-heroes.net/athletics-heroes/displayhero.asp?HeroID=957 Henry Rono at sporting-heroes.net] *[http://users.erols.com/jimsue/running/pot_pourri/henry_rono.htm The storied career of Henry Rono] {{Wayback|url=http://users.erols.com/jimsue/running/pot_pourri/henry_rono.htm |date=20050528075153 }} *[http://www.itebooks.net/Book/millennium-sport-book/ If I close my eyes, I can still see him now, a lean figure leading the pack - long distance runner Henry Rono] {{Wayback|url=http://www.itebooks.net/Book/millennium-sport-book/ |date=20090303202642 }} *[http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:51cmAB0PgaAJ:www.eastandard.net/sports/sport0101200301.htm+%22henry+rono%22+olympics&hl=en&client=firefox-a Henry Rono explains his encounter with coach Chaplin] *[http://www.aroadrun.org/Half_Fast_Lane/1997/Henry_Rono_and_Me.pdf Henry Rono and Me] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aroadrun.org/Half_Fast_Lane/1997/Henry_Rono_and_Me.pdf |date=20070927193249 }} (PDF) *The EastAfrican 6 Mei 2002: [http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/13052002/Features/Magazine1.html From The Good Life To Car-Washing, Henry Rono Tasted it All] {{start box}} {{s-ach|rec}} {{succession box|before={{Flag icon|GBR}} [[Brendan Foster]]|title=[[World record progression for the Men's 3,000 m|Men's 3,000 m World Record Holder]]|years=27 Juni 1978 – 20 Agosti 1989|after={{Flag icon|MAR}} [[Said Aouita]]}} {{succession box|before={{Flag icon|NZL}} [[Dick Quax]] |title=[[5000_meters#World_record_progression|Men's 5000m World Record Holder]]|years=8 Aprili 1978 – 7 Julai 1982 |after={{Flag icon|GBR}} [[David Moorcroft]]}} {{succession box|before={{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Samson Kimobwa]] |title=[[World record progression for the Men's 10,000 m|Men's 10,000 m World Record Holder]]|years=11 Juni 1978 – 2 Julai 1984 |after={{Flag icon|POR}} [[Fernando Mamede]]}} {{succession box|before={{Flag icon|SWE}} [[Anders Gärderud]]|title=[[Steeplechase_%28athletics%29#World_Record_Progression|Men's Steeplechase World Record Holder]]|years=13 Mei 1978 – 3 Julai 1989|after={{Flag icon|KEN}} [[Peter Koech]]}} {{s-ach|aw}} {{succession box | before={{Flag icon|CUB}} [[Alberto Juantorena]] | | title=[[United Press International Athlete of the Year Award#Male winners|United Press International Athlete of the Year]] | | after={{Flag icon|GBR}} [[Sebastian Coe]] | | years=[[1978 in sports|1978]]}} {{succession box|title=[[Track & Field Athlete of the Year|Men's Track & Field Athlete of the Year]]|before={{Flag icon|CUB}} [[Alberto Juantorena]]|after={{Flag icon|GBR}} [[Sebastian Coe]]|years=[[1978 in athletics (track and field)|1978]]}} {{s-sports}} {{succession box|before={{Flag icon|FRG}} [[Karl Fleschen]]|title=[[3000_metres#Men.27s_Seasons_Best|Men's 3,000 m Best Year Performance]]|years=1978|after={{Flag icon|USA}} [[Rudy Chapa]]}} {{succession box|before={{Flag icon|NZL}} [[Dick Quax]]|title=[[5000_metres#Men.27s_Seasons_Best_.28Track.29|Men's 5,000 m Best Year Performance]]|years=1978|after={{Flag icon|TAN}} [[Suleiman Nyambui]]}} {{succession box|before={{Flag icon|ETH|1975}} [[Miruts Yifter]]|title=[[5000_metres#Men.27s_Seasons_Best_.28Track.29|Men's 5,000 m Best Year Performance]]|years=1981|after={{Flag icon|GBR}} [[David Moorcroft]]}} {{succession box|before={{Flag icon|FRG}} [[Michael Karst]]|title=[[Steeplechase_%28athletics%29#Men.27s_Seasons_Best_.28Outdoor.29|Men's 3,000 m Steeple Best Year Performance]]|years=1978 — 1979|after={{Flag icon|POL}} [[Bronisław Malinowski]]}} {{end box}} {{Footer Commonwealth Champions 5000m Men}} {{Footer Commonwealth Champions Steeple Men}} {{Footer All-Africa Champions 10000 m Men}} {{Footer All-Africa Champions 3000 m Steeple Men}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rono, Henry}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Kenya]] 7w26r1ip9jcizupp6ko51fn8gs2a360 116 Clique 0 36207 1240977 892392 2022-08-08T12:15:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | Jina = 116 Clique | Img = | Background = group_or_band | Jina la kuzaliwa = | Amezaliwa = | Amekufa = | Aina = Nyimbo za Kikristo za aina ya ''Hip Hop'' | Ala = | Studio = [[Reach Records]] | Kazi yake = | Miaka ya kazi = [[2005]] hadi sasa | Ameshirikiana na = | Tovuti = http://www.reachrecords.com/ | Wanachama wa sasa = [[Lecrae]] [[Trip Lee]] J'Son Sho Baraka Tedashii This'l The Street Disciple Shai linne FLAME Dillon Chase 1-Lyfe | Wanachama wa zamani = }} [[Picha:Lecraewiki.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Mmoja wa wasanii wa kundi hili, [[Lecrae]] akiimba katika tamasha]] [[Picha:Triplee.jpeg|thumb|200px|right|[[Trip Lee]]]] '''116 Clique''' ni kundi la muziki la aina ya ''hip hop'' ya Kikristo linalotoka [[Dallas]], [[Texas]].Kundi hili huwa na mkataba wa kurekodi muziki zao na studio ya [[Reach Records]]. Kundi hili huhusisha wasanii ambao wengi wao hurekodi katika studio za Reach Records. Kundi hili linatoa jina lao la 116 Clique kutoka mstari wa [[Biblia]] haswa Warumi 1:16. Mstari huu huzungumza kuhusu kutokuwa na aibu katika Injili kwa sababu ya uwezo wa Mungu huleta ukombozi wa yeyote anayeamini: kwa Myahudi kwanza na pia kwa mataifa mengine yote. Hivyo basi, kundi hili hutambua uwezo wa Injili na wao hujaribu kuitangaza na kuitumia katika maeneo yao yote ya maisha. "Tunaweza kuweka maisha yetu kando na kumtumikia na kumtukuza Mungu katika lolote tufanyalo." Baada ya albamu yao ya kwanza ,''The Compilation Album''(Albamu ya Mkusanyiko) (2005), DJ Primo alirekodi hizo nyimbo hizo tena akizichanganyachanganya na kutoa albamu ya ''The Compilation Album: Chopped & Screwed: Special Edition''. Albamu hii ya kuchanganywa ilitolewa katika mwaka wa 2006 ikihusisha nyimbo nne za kuongezwa. Kundi hili likaenda ziara ya ''Unashamed'' katika mwaka wa 2008. Hapo baadaye katika mwaka wa 2009, [[Lecrae]], Tedashii, Sho Baraka, [[Triplee|Trip Lee]] na Flame wakaenda ziara ya ''Don't Waste Your Life''. Mnamo Oktoba 2009 - Novemba wasanii Lecrae, After Edmund, Sho Baraka, Tedashii, na Mikeschair wakazuru katika ziara ya ''AlteredMinds.'' LeCrae, Tedashii, Trip Lee, na Sho Baraka ,hivi sasa, wanazuru wakiwa wasanii binafsi. ==Diskografia== * ''The Compilation Album'' (2005) * ''The Compilation Album: Chopped & Screwed : Special Edition'' (2006) * ''13 Letters'' (2007) * ''Amped'' (2007) * Albamu mpya ambayo haijapewa jina - 2010. ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.reachrecords.com Reach Records] *[http://www.myspace.com/reachrecords Reach Records kwenye tovuti ya Myspace] [[Category:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Category:Hip hop]] [[Category:Muziki wa Kikristo]] htpuzrvyb1mxqwdo7d0cy5hd6ftcjhw Jamii:Uchaguzi 14 41303 1241120 896387 2022-08-08T14:24:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Jamii:Chaguzi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Jamii:Chaguzi]] atp40c6o0c2wushl64hj67k1wx757fn Kodi ya ICAO 0 42194 1241232 1208084 2022-08-08T19:03:45Z Bestoernesto 23840 upgrade Eswatini wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Flag of ICAO.svg|thumb|bendera ya [[ICAO]]]] [[Picha:ICAO-FirstLetter.png|thumb|500px|ya kodi ya ICAO (bara)]] [[Picha:ICAO-countries.png|thumb|500px|ya kodi ya ICAO (nchi)]] Hii ni orodha ya '''kodi ya [[ICAO]]''': == kodi == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! kodi !! nchi |- !|| ''A - Pasifiki ya Kusini Magharibi'' |- |AG || [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] |- |AN || [[Nauru]] |- |AY || [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] |- !|| ''B - Iceland/Greenland na Kosovo'' |- |BG || [[Greenland]] |- |BI || [[Iceland]] |- |BK || [[Kosovo]] (also LY [[Serbia]] because of disputes) |- !|| ''C - Kanada'' |- |C || [[Kanada]] |- !|| ''D - Afrika ya Magharibi'' |- |DA || [[Algeria]] |- |DB || [[Benin]] |- |DF || [[Burkina Faso]] |- |DG || [[Ghana]] |- |DI || [[Côte d'Ivoire]] |- |DN || [[Nigeria]] |- |DR || [[Niger]] |- |DT || [[Tunisia]] |- |DX || [[Togo]] |- !|| ''E - Ulaya ya Kaskazini'' |- |EB || [[Ubelgiji]] |- |ED || [[Ujerumani]] (civil) |- |EE || [[Estonia]] |- |EF || [[Finland]] |- |EG || [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] |- |EH || [[Netherlands]] |- |EI || [[Ireland]] |- |EK || [[Denmark]] |- |EL || [[Luxembourg]] |- |EN || [[Norway]] |- |EP || [[Poland]] |- |ES || [[Sweden]] |- |ET || [[Ujerumani]] (military) |- |EV || [[Latvia]] |- |EY || [[Lithuania]] |- !|| ''F - Afrika ya Kusini'' |- |FA || [[South Africa]] |- |FB || [[Botswana]] |- |FC || [[Republic of the Congo]] |- |FD || [[Eswatini]] |- |FE || [[Central African Republic]] |- |FG || [[Equatorial Guinea]] |- |FH || [[Ascension]] |- |FI || [[Mauritius]] |- |FJ || [[Eneo la Uingereza katika Bahari Hindi]] |- |FK || [[Cameroon]] |- |FL || [[Zambia]] |- |FM || [[Comoros]], [[Madagascar]], [[Mayotte]], [[Réunion]] |- |FN || [[Angola]] |- |FO || [[Gabon]] |- |FP || [[São Tomé na Príncipe]] |- |FQ || [[Mozambique]] |- |FS || [[Seychelles]] |- |FT || [[Chad]] |- |FV || [[Zimbabwe]] |- |FW || [[Malawi]] |- |FX || [[Lesotho]] |- |FY || [[Namibia]] |- |FZ || [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |- !|| ''G - Afrika ya Kaskazini Magharibi'' |- |GA || [[Mali]] |- |GB || [[Gambia]] |- |GC || [[Visiwa vya Kanari]] ([[Spain]]) |- |GE || [[Ceuta]] na [[Melilla]] (Spain) |- |GF || [[Sierra Leone]] |- |GG || [[Guinea-Bissau]] |- |GL || [[Liberia]] |- |GM || [[Morocco]] |- |GO || [[Senegal]] |- |GQ || [[Mauritania]] |- |GS || [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] |- |GU || [[Guinea]] |- |GV || [[Cape Verde]] |- !|| ''H - Afrika ya Kaskazini Mashariki'' |- |HA || [[Ethiopia]] |- |HB || [[Burundi]] |- |HC || [[Somalia]] (incl. [[Somaliland]] because of disputes) |- |HD || [[Djibouti]] ''(also HF)'' |- |HE || [[Egypt]] |- |HF || [[Djibouti]] ''(also HD)'' |- |HH || [[Eritrea]] |- |HK || [[Kenya]] |- |HL || [[Libya]] |- |HR || [[Rwanda]] |- |HS || [[Sudan]] |- |HT || [[Tanzania]] |- |HU || [[Uganda]] |- !|| ''K - Marekani (excl. Alaska na Hawaii)'' |- |K || [[United States]] |- !|| ''L - Ulaya ya Kusini, Israel na Uturuki'' |- |LA || [[Albania]] |- |LB || [[Bulgaria]] |- |LC || [[Kupro]] |- |LD || [[Croatia]] |- |LE || [[Spain]] |- |LF || [[Ufaransa]], incl. [[Saint-Pierre na Miquelon]] |- |LG || [[Greece]] |- |LH || [[Hungary]] |- |LI || [[Italy]] |- |LJ || [[Slovenia]] |- |LK || [[Czech Republic]] |- |LL || [[Israel]] |- |LM || [[Malta]] |- |LN || [[Monaco]] |- |LO || [[Austria]] |- |LP || [[Portugal]], incl. za [[Azori]] |- |LQ || [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] |- |LR || [[Romania]] |- |LS || [[Switzerland]] |- |LT || [[Turkey]] |- |LU || [[Moldova]] |- |LV || [[Palestina]] |- |LW || [[Jamhuri ya Masedonia Kaskazini|Masedonia Kaskazini]] |- |LX || [[Gibraltar]] |- |LY || [[Serbia]] na [[Montenegro]] |- |LZ || [[Slovakia]] |- !|| ''M - Amerika ya Kati na Mexiko'' |- |MB || [[Visiwa vya Turks na Caicos]] |- |MD || [[Dominican Republic]] |- |MG || [[Guatemala]] |- |MH || [[Honduras]] |- |MK || [[Jamaica]] |- |MM || [[Mexico]] |- |MN || [[Nicaragua]] |- |MP || [[Panama]] |- |MR || [[Costa Rica]] |- |MS || [[El Salvador]] |- |MT || [[Haiti]] |- |MU || [[Kuba]] |- |MW || [[Visiwa vya Cayman]] |- |MY || [[Bahamas]] |- |MZ || [[Belize]] |- !|| ''N - Pasifiki ya Kusini'' |- |NC || [[Visiwa vya Cook]] |- |NF || [[Fiji]], [[Tonga]] |- |NG || [[Kiribati]] ([[Gilbert Islands]]), [[Tuvalu]] |- |NI || [[Niue]] |- |NL || [[Wallis na Futuna]] |- |NS || [[Samoa]], [[American Samoa]] |- |NT || [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] |- |NV || [[Vanuatu]] |- |NW || [[New Caledonia]] |- |NZ || [[New Zealand]], [[Antarctica]] |- !|| ''O - [[Asia ya Magharibi]] (excl. Israel na Turkey, Afghanistan na Pakistan'' |- |OA || [[Afghanistan]] |- |OB || [[Bahrain]] |- |OE || [[Saudi Arabia]] |- |OI || [[Iran]] |- |OJ || [[Jordan]] na [[West Bank]] |- |OK || [[Kuwait]] |- |OL || [[Lebanon]] |- |OM || [[United Arab Emirates]] |- |OO || [[Oman]] |- |OP || [[Pakistan]] |- |OR || [[Iraq]] |- |OS || [[Syria]] |- |OT || [[Qatar]] |- |OY || [[Yemen]] |- !|| ''P - Pasifiki ya Kaskazini Mashariki'' |- |PA || [[Alaska]] only |- |PB || [[Baker Island]] |- |PC || [[Kiribati]] (Canton Airfield, [[Phoenix Islands]]) |- |PF || [[Fort Yukon, Alaska]] |- |PG || [[Guam]], [[Northern Marianas]] |- |PH || [[Hawaii]] only |- |PJ || [[Johnston Atoll]] |- |PK || [[Marshall Islands]] |- |PL || [[Kiribati]] ([[Line Islands]]) |- |PM || [[Midway Island]] |- |PO || Oliktok Point, [[Alaska]] |- |PP || [[Point Lay, Alaska]] |- |PT || [[Shirikisho la Mikronesia]], [[Palau]] |- |PW || [[Wake Island]] |- !|| ''R - Pasifiki ya Kaskazini Magharibi'' |- |RC || [[Jamhuri ya China]] (Taiwan) |- |RJ || [[Japan]] (most) |- |RK || [[Korea Kusini]] |- |RO || [[Japan]] ([[Okinawa Prefecture]] na [[Yoron, Kagoshima|Yoron]]) |- |RP || [[Philippines]] |- !|| ''S - Amerika ya Kusini'' |- |SA || [[Argentina]] |- |SB || [[Brazil]] ''(also SD, SI, SJ, SN, SS and SW)'' |- |SC || [[Chile]] |- |SD || [[Brazil]] ''(also SB, SI, SJ, SN, SS and SW)'' |- |SE || [[Ecuador]] |- |SF || [[Falkland Islands]] |- |SG || [[Paraguay]] |- |SI || [[Brazil]] ''(also SB, SD, SJ, SN, SS na SW)'' |- |SJ || [[Brazil]] ''(also SB, SD, SI, SN, SS na SW)'' |- |SK || [[Colombia]] |- |SL || [[Bolivia]] |- |SM || [[Suriname]] |- |SN || [[Brazil]] ''(also SB, SD, SI, SJ, SS na SW)'' |- |SO || [[Guyana ya Kifaransa]] |- |SP || [[Peru]] |- |SS || [[Brazil]] ''(also SB, SD, SI, SJ, SN na SW)'' |- |SU || [[Uruguay]] |- |SV || [[Venezuela]] |- |SW || [[Brazil]] ''(also SB, SD, SI, SJ, SN na SS)'' |- |SY || [[Guyana]] |- !|| ''T - Karibi'' |- |TA || [[Antigua na Barbuda]] |- |TB || [[Barbados]] |- |TD || [[Dominica]] |- |TF || [[Guadeloupe]] |- |TG || [[Grenada]] |- |TI || [[U.S. Virgin Islands]] |- |TJ || [[Puerto Rico]] |- |TK || [[Saint Kitts na Nevis]] |- |TL || [[Saint Lucia]] |- |TN || [[Antili za Kiholanzi]], [[Aruba]] |- |TQ || [[Anguilla]] |- |TR || [[Montserrat]] |- |TT || [[Trinidad na Tobago]] |- |TU || [[British Virgin Islands]] |- |TV || [[Saint Vincent na Grenadini]] |- |TX || [[Bermuda]] |- !|| ''U - Urusi na former Soviet States'' |- |U || [[Russia]] ''(except UA, UB, UD, UG, UK, UM and UT)'' |- |UA || [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]] |- |UB || [[Azerbaijan]] |- |UD || [[Armenia]] |- |UG || [[Georgia (nchi)|Georgia]] |- |UK || [[Ukraine]] |- |UM || [[Belarus]] na [[Kaliningrad]], [[Russia]] |- |UT || [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]] |- !|| ''V - [[Asia ya Kusini]] (except Afghanistan na Pakistan), Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki, Hong Kong na Macau'' |- |VA || [[India]] (West Zone, [[Mumbai]] Center) |- |VC || [[Sri Lanka]] |- |VD || [[Cambodia]] |- |VE || India (East Zone, [[Kolkata]] Center) |- |VG || [[Bangladesh]] |- |VH || [[Hong Kong]] |- |VI || India (North Zone, [[Delhi]] Center) |- |VL || [[Laos]] |- |VM || [[Macau]] |- |VN || [[Nepal]] |- |VO || India (South Zone, [[Chennai]] Center) |- |VQ || [[Bhutan]] |- |VR || [[Maldives]] |- |VT || [[Thailand]] |- |VV || [[Vietnam]] |- |VY || [[Myanmar]] |- !|| ''W - Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki (except the Philippines)'' |- |WA || [[Indonesia]] ''(also WI, WQ and WR)'' |- |WB || [[Malaysia]] ([[East Malaysia]]), [[Brunei]] |- |WI || Indonesia ''(also WA, WQ and WR)'' |- |WM || Malaysia ([[Peninsular Malaysia]]) |- |WP || [[East Timor|Timor-Leste]] ''(also WO)'' |- |WQ || Indonesia ''(also WA, WI and WR)'' |- |WR || Indonesia ''(also WA, WI and WQ)'' |- |WS || [[Singapore]] |- !|| ''Y - Australia'' |- |Y || [[Australia]] |- !|| ''Z - [[Asia ya Mashariki]] (excluding Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, South Korea and Taiwan)'' |- |Z || [[People's Republic of China]] ''(except ZK and ZM)'' |- |ZK || [[Korea Kaskazini]] |- |ZM || [[Mongolia]] |} == Tazama pia == * == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.icao.int/ ICAO] [[Jamii:ICAO]] [[Jamii:Usafiri wa hewani]] [[Jamii:Kifupi|!]] 1cglc9403alp1jqnx0pzg60t6xew3z9 FD 0 47803 1241231 974369 2022-08-08T18:58:56Z Bestoernesto 23840 /* Kodi */ upgrade Eswatini wikitext text/x-wiki {{ongezea}} '''FD''' au '''fd''' ni [[kifupi]] fg == Kodi == * Kodi ya [[IATA]] ya [[Thai AirAsia]], [[Uthai]] * [[Kodi ya ICAO]] ya [[Eswatini]] == Sayansi na teknolojia == == Mahali == == Mashirika na makampuni == == Michezo == == Watu == {{maana}} [[Jamii:Kifupi]] js31s6sdbgliwwekmd0h5vyzmo7zo2v 1241250 1241231 2022-08-08T20:32:03Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ongezea}} '''FD''' au '''fd''' ni [[kifupi]] cha == Kodi == * Kodi ya [[IATA]] ya [[Thai AirAsia]], [[Uthai]] * [[Kodi ya ICAO]] ya [[Eswatini]] == Sayansi na teknolojia == == Mahali == == Mashirika na makampuni == == Michezo == == Watu == {{maana}} [[Jamii:Kifupi]] bo2a9qrv1n8qvhgtv6qpxohyc04unn5 SZ 0 52901 1241230 899315 2022-08-08T18:55:03Z Bestoernesto 23840 /* Kodi */ upgrade Eswatini wikitext text/x-wiki {{ongezea|date=Septemba 2010}} '''SZ''' au '''sz''' ni [[kifupi]] cha: == Kodi == * Kodi ya [[IATA]] ya [[China Southwest Airlines]], [[China]] * Kodi ya [[ISO 3166-1]] ya nchi ya [[Eswatini]] == Sayansi na teknolojia == == Mahali == == Mashirika na makampuni == == Michezo == == Watu == {{maana}} [[Jamii:Kifupi]] brps62881o25wbbslb5jl89byborz1h Bollywood 0 55530 1241075 1149896 2022-08-08T13:13:27Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bollywood''' ([[Kihindi]]: {{lang|hi|बॉलीवुड}}, [[Kiurdu]]: {{lang|ur| بالی وڈ}}) ni neno la kutaja [[tasnia]] ya [[filamu]] za [[lugha]] ya [[Kiurdu]]-[[Kihindi]] huko nchini [[India]].<ref> http://www.culturalindia.net/indian-cinema/regional-cinema.html </ref> == Chimbuko == Kwa ujumla hutajwa kama Sinema za Kihindi, lakini hiyo si sahihi. Bollywood hutaja filamu za lugha ya Kihindi tu, basi. Istilahi ya ''Bollywood'' inaunganisha Bombay na [[Hollywood]] (ambapo filamu nyingi za Kimarekani zinatengenezwa). == Dhumuni == Bollywood hutengeneza filamu nyingi sana kwa mwaka. Filamu nyingi za Bollywood huitwa ''Masala''. Kwa Kihindi, ''Masala'' ina-maana ya viungo. Filamu hizi huwa na kiwango cha juu sana cha kimahaba, visasi, na hali ya utajiri na umaskini ndani yake. == Lugha zinazotumika kwenye filamu za Bollywood == Filamu zinazotayarishwa Bollywood kwa kawaida huwa kwa lugha ya Kihindi. [[Hindustani]], sehemu mashuhuri kote kwa Kihindi na Kiurdu. Bollywood hutengeneza filamu zake kwa lugha ya [[Kihindi]], [[Urdu]] na [[Kiingereza]]. == Badiliko == Mtahakiki wa filamu Lata Khubchandani ameandika,"''..filamu zetu za awali...(zilikuwa)na uhuru wa sehemu za kubusiana na mapenzi ndani yake. Cha-kushangaza, ilikuwa baada ya Uhuru bodi ya sensa imeingilia kati na ikabadilisha kila kitu.''"<ref>Free Reeling,PLAY, Sunday Mid-day , 11 Machi 2007, Mumbai.MH/MR/WEST/66/2006-08 {{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/smd/play/2007/march/153266.htm|title=Memories of another day|publisher=mid-day.com|first=Lata|last=Khubchandani}}</ref> === Waongozaji wa filamu === * [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] * [[Farah Khan]] * [[Karan Johar]] * [[Yash Chopra]] * [[Ashutosh Gowariker]] * [[Satish Kaushik]] * [[Mani Ratnam]] * [[Aditya Chopra]] '''historyczni''' * [[Mehboob Khan]] * [[Bimal Roy]] * [[Raj Kapoor]] * [[Priyadarshan]] === Wanakoreografia === * [[Farah Khan]] * [[Edmund Ingahan]] === Waigizaji wa kike === * [[Kiron Kher]] * [[Himani Shivpuri]] * [[Aishwarya Rai]] * [[Amrita Rao]] * [[Sushmita Sen]] * [[Kajol|Kajol Devgan]] * [[Jaya Bhaduri]] * [[Priyanka Chopra]] * [[Preity Zinta]] * [[Rani Mukerji|Rani Mukherjee]] * [[Esha Deol]] * [[Kareena Kapoor]] * [[Seema Biswas]] * [[Madhuri Dixit]] === Waigizaji wa kiume === * [[Shah Rukh Khan]] * [[Akshay Kumar]] * [[Aamir Khan]] * [[Amitabh Bachchan]] * [[Hrithik Roshan]] * [[Abhishek Bachchan]] * [[Salman Khan]] * [[Manoj Bajpai]] * [[Zayed Khan]] * [[John Abraham]] * [[Arjun Rampal]] * [[Raj Kapoor]] * [[Sunil Shetty]] * [[Saif Ali Khan]] * [[Uday Chopra]] * [[Ajay Devgan]] * [[Vivek Oberoi]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo ya Nje == * [http://www.bollypedia.de/index.php/Hauptseite Bollypedia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bollypedia.de/index.php/Hauptseite |date=20101112082440 }} {{lang|de}} * [http://www.bollywood.pl Bollywood.pl] {{lang|pl}} * [http://www.ebollywood.com.pl eBollywood - Twoja Kraina Marzeń] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ebollywood.com.pl/ |date=20110907073819 }} {{lang|pl}} [[Jamii:Filamu za India]] 1eutis5lsnadyn36jhbtk7ja8ygi29b Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit 0 57145 1241136 899843 2022-08-08T14:43:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Daniel Fahrenheit's birthplace.jpg|270px|thumb|Nyumba alikozaliwa Fahrenheit mjini [[Danzig]]]] '''Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit''' ([[24 Mei]] [[1686]] mjini [[Gdansk|Danzig]] (Ujerumani) - [[16 Septemba]] [[1736]] mjini [[Den Haag]] (Uholanzi)) alikuwa mwanafizikia Mjerumani. Alipokuwa kijana alihamia mjini [[Amsterdam]] ([[Uholanzi]]). Alijifunza ufundi wa kioo akatengeneza vifaa vya vipimo vya kisayansi akaanza kujishughulisha mwenyewe na vipimo vya kitaalamu. Alitambua hasa udhaifu wa vipimo vya joto na ugumu wa kulinganisha matokeo yake na [[vipimajoto]] vya siku zake. Hapa alibuni kipimajoto kilichokuwa kamili kuliko zote zilizotangulia na kuunda skeli ya kipimo. Kwenye skeli ya Fahrenheit alitumia kiwango cha chini kilichopatikana katika mchanganyiko wa maji na chumvi kabla ya kuganda kilichokuwa sifuri kwenye skeli yake, halafu kiwango cha maji ya kawaida kuganda (kwake gredi 32) halafu kiwango cha joto mdomoni mwa mtu mwenye afya alichoita 96 gredi. Skeli yake ilijulikana kama "[[Fahrenheit]]" ikatumiwa kimataifa hadi kupatikana kwa skeli ya [[Selsiasi]] au sentigredi. Skeli ya fahrenheit inatumiwa hadi leo katika Marekani. {{DEFAULTSORT:Fahrenheit, Daniel Gabriel}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Wanasayansi wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1686]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1736]] mbn4dj8jqoa6w6xjagx8snp0jo9l1h9 Kongoni 0 57989 1241094 1199964 2022-08-08T14:00:58Z ChriKo 35 Masahihisho wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uainishaji | rangi = #D3D3A4 | jina = Kongoni | picha = Hartebeest.jpg | upana_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = [[Kongoni mashariki]] (''Alcelaphus buselaphus cokii'') | domeni = | himaya = [[Mnyama|Animalia]] (Wanyama) | faila = [[Chordata]] (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni) | ngeli = [[Mamalia]] (Wanyana wenye viwele wanaonyonyesha wadogo wao) | oda = [[Artiodactyla]] (Wanyama wenye vidole viwili au vinne mguuni) | nusuoda = [[Ruminantia]] (Wanyama wanaocheua) | familia = [[Bovidae]] (Wanyama walio na mnasaba na [[ng'ombe]]) | bingwa_wa_familia = [[John Edward Gray|J. E. Gray]], 1821 | nusufamilia = [[Alcelaphinae]] (Wanyama wanaofanana na [[kongoni]]) | bingwa_wa_nusufamilia = [[Victor Brooke|Brooke]], 1876 | jenasi = ''[[Alcelaphus]]'' (Kongoni) | bingwa_wa_jenasi = [[Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville|de Blainville]], 1816 | spishi = ''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus|A. buselaphus]] [[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1766 | subdivision = '''Nususpishi 8:''' * †''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus|A. b. buselaphus]]'' [[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1766 * ''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus caama|A. b. caama]]'' ([[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]], 1803) * ''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus cokii|A. b. cokii]]'' ([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 18084) * ''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus lelwel|A. b. lelwel]]'' ([[Theodor von Heuglin|Heuglin]], 1877) * ''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus lichtensteinii|A. b. lichtensteinii]]'' [[Wilhelm Peters|Peters]], 1849 * ''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus major|A. b. major]]'' ([[Edward Blyth|Blyth]], 1869) * ''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei|A. b. swaynei]]'' ([[Philip Sclater|Sclater]], 1892) * ''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus tora|A. b. tora]]'' ([[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1873) | ramani = Alcelaphus recent.png | upana_wa_ramani = 250px | maelezo_ya_ramani = Misambao ya nususpishi za kongoni }} '''Kongoni''' ni [[mnyama|wanyamapori]] wakubwa wa [[jenasi]] ''[[Alcelaphus]]'' katika [[familia (biolojia)|familia]] [[Bovidae]]. Kwa asili jina hili lilitumika kwa [[nususpishi]] ''A. buselaphus cokii'' lakini siku hizi nususpishi zote huitwa kongoni. Wanatokea [[savana]] za [[Afrika]] tu. Rangi yao ni ya mchanga lakini tumbo na matako ni nyeupe. Wana kichwa kirefu na pembe zao zimepindika na zina umbo wa [[zeze]] zikionwa kutoka mbele. Wanyama hawa hula [[nyasi|manyasi]]. ==Nusupishi== * †''Alcelaphus b. buselaphus'', [[Kongoni Kaskazi]] ([[w:Hartebeest|Northern hartebeest]]) - '''ameisha sasa''' * ''Alcelaphus b. caama'', [[Kongoni Mwekundu]] ([[w:Red hartebeest|Red hartebeest]]) * ''Alcelaphus b. cokii'', [[Kongoni Mashariki]] ([[w:Coke's hartebeest|Coke's hartebeestl]]) * ''Alcelaphus b. lelwel'', [[Kongoni Lelweli]] ([[w:Lelwel hartebeest|Lelwel hartebeest]]) * ''Alcelaphus b. lichtensteinii'', [[Kongoni wa Lichtenstein]] au Konzi ([[w:Lichtenstein's hartebeest|Lichtenstein's hartebeest]]) * ''Alcelaphus b. major'', [[Kongoni Magharibi]] ([[w:Western hartebeest|Western hartebeest]]) * ''Alcelaphus b. swaynei'', [[Kongoni wa Swayne]] ([[w:Swayne's hartebeest|Swayne's hartebeest]]) * ''Alcelaphus b. tora'', [[Kongoni Tora]] ([[w:Tora hartebeest|Tora hartebeest]]) ==Picha== <gallery> File:Alcelaphus caama.jpg|Kongoni mwekundu File:Lichtenstein's Hartebeest.jpg|Kongoni wa Lichtenstein </gallery> {{mbegu-mnyama}} {{Artiodactyla|R.2}} [[Jamii:Ng'ombe na jamaa]] [[Jamii:Wanyama wa Afrika]] 7j6j2zf1vlkxvmcn8qc6gp0q4kfqwci 1241107 1241094 2022-08-08T14:08:20Z ChriKo 35 Nyongeza picha wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uainishaji | rangi = #D3D3A4 | jina = Kongoni | picha = Hartebeest.jpg | upana_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = [[Kongoni ]] (''Alcelaphus buselaphus cokii'') | domeni = | himaya = [[Mnyama|Animalia]] (Wanyama) | faila = [[Chordata]] (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni) | ngeli = [[Mamalia]] (Wanyana wenye viwele wanaonyonyesha wadogo wao) | oda = [[Artiodactyla]] (Wanyama wenye vidole viwili au vinne mguuni) | nusuoda = [[Ruminantia]] (Wanyama wanaocheua) | familia = [[Bovidae]] (Wanyama walio na mnasaba na [[ng'ombe]]) | bingwa_wa_familia = [[John Edward Gray|J. E. Gray]], 1821 | nusufamilia = [[Alcelaphinae]] (Wanyama wanaofanana na [[kongoni]]) | bingwa_wa_nusufamilia = [[Victor Brooke|Brooke]], 1876 | jenasi = ''[[Alcelaphus]]'' (Kongoni) | bingwa_wa_jenasi = [[Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville|de Blainville]], 1816 | spishi = ''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus|A. buselaphus]] [[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1766 | subdivision = '''Nususpishi 8:''' * †''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus|A. b. buselaphus]]'' [[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1766 * ''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus caama|A. b. caama]]'' ([[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]], 1803) * ''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus cokii|A. b. cokii]]'' ([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 18084) * ''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus lelwel|A. b. lelwel]]'' ([[Theodor von Heuglin|Heuglin]], 1877) * ''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus lichtensteinii|A. b. lichtensteinii]]'' [[Wilhelm Peters|Peters]], 1849 * ''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus major|A. b. major]]'' ([[Edward Blyth|Blyth]], 1869) * ''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei|A. b. swaynei]]'' ([[Philip Sclater|Sclater]], 1892) * ''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus tora|A. b. tora]]'' ([[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1873) | ramani = Alcelaphus recent.png | upana_wa_ramani = 250px | maelezo_ya_ramani = Misambao ya nususpishi za kongoni }} '''Kongoni''' ni [[mnyama|wanyamapori]] wakubwa wa [[jenasi]] ''[[Alcelaphus]]'' katika [[familia (biolojia)|familia]] [[Bovidae]]. Kwa asili jina hili lilitumika kwa [[nususpishi]] ''A. buselaphus cokii'' lakini siku hizi nususpishi zote huitwa kongoni. Wanatokea [[savana]] za [[Afrika]] tu. Rangi yao ni ya mchanga lakini tumbo na matako ni nyeupe. Wana kichwa kirefu na pembe zao zimepindika na zina umbo wa [[zeze]] zikionwa kutoka mbele. Wanyama hawa hula [[nyasi|manyasi]]. ==Nusupishi== * †''Alcelaphus b. buselaphus'', [[Kongoni Kaskazi]] ([[w:Hartebeest|Northern hartebeest]]) - '''ameisha sasa''' * ''Alcelaphus b. caama'', [[Kongoni Mwekundu]] ([[w:Red hartebeest|Red hartebeest]]) * ''Alcelaphus b. cokii'', [[Kongoni Mashariki]] ([[w:Coke's hartebeest|Coke's hartebeestl]]) * ''Alcelaphus b. lelwel'', [[Kongoni Lelweli]] ([[w:Lelwel hartebeest|Lelwel hartebeest]]) * ''Alcelaphus b. lichtensteinii'', [[Kongoni wa Lichtenstein]] au Konzi ([[w:Lichtenstein's hartebeest|Lichtenstein's hartebeest]]) * ''Alcelaphus b. major'', [[Kongoni Magharibi]] ([[w:Western hartebeest|Western hartebeest]]) * ''Alcelaphus b. swaynei'', [[Kongoni wa Swayne]] ([[w:Swayne's hartebeest|Swayne's hartebeest]]) * ''Alcelaphus b. tora'', [[Kongoni Tora]] ([[w:Tora hartebeest|Tora hartebeest]]) ==Picha== <gallery> Alcelaphus caama.jpg|Kongoni mwekundu Jackson's Hartebeast, Uganda (15144422466).jpg|Kongoni lelweli Lichtenstein's Hartebeest.jpg|Kongoni wa Lichtenstein Alcelaphus buselaphus herd.png|Kongoni magharibi Swayne's hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei) (cropped).jpg|Kongoni wa Swayne </gallery> {{mbegu-mnyama}} {{Artiodactyla|R.2}} [[Jamii:Ng'ombe na jamaa]] [[Jamii:Wanyama wa Afrika]] mm9tf8uqaem6p3fu3uyhpmoc0mfb778 Kigezo:Nairobi 10 58188 1241048 1233632 2022-08-08T12:58:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Nairobi |title = [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] |listclass = hlist |image = [[Image:Nairobi City Logo.png|right|70px|Nembo ya Nairobi]] |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |group1 = |list1 = * [[:Category:Majengo mjini Nairobi|Majengo]] * [[:Category:Uchumi wa Nairobi|Uchumi]] * [[:Category:Elimu jijini Nairobi|Elimu]] * Serikali * [[Historia ya Nairobi|Historia]] * [[Nairobi#Media|Vyombo vya habari]] * [[:Category:Watu kutoka Nairobi|Watu]] * [[:Category:Michezo mjini Nairobi|Michezo]] * [[Nairobi#Usafiri|Isafiri]] |group2 = [[Mitaa]] |list2 = * [[Huruma, Nairobi|Huruma]] * [[Mathare]] * [[Ngara, Nairobi|Ngara]] * [[Dandora]] * [[Embakasi]] * [[Gigiri]] * [[Kariobangi]] * [[Karen, Kenya|Karen]] * [[Kawangware]] * [[Kibera (Nairobi)|Kibera]] * [[Korogocho]] * [[Lang'ata]] * [[Eastleigh, Nairobi|Eastleigh]] * [[Highridge]] * [[Lavington, Nairobi|Lavington]] * [[Parklands, Nairobi|Parklands]] |group3 = Tarafa |list3 = * [[Nairobi Kati]] * [[Dagoretti]] * [[Embakasi]] * [[Kasarani]] * [[Kibera]] * [[Makadara]] * [[Pumwani]] * [[Westlands]] |group4 = Usafiri |list4= * [[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport]] * [[Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway|Mombasa–Nairobi Railway]] |group5 = Malezi |list5 = {{Navbox|subgroup |group1= Elimu ya juu |list1= * [[University of Nairobi]] * [[Kenyatta University]] * [[Strathmore University]] * [[Daystar University]] * [[United States International University Africa]] |group2= Shule za msingi/ Sekondari |list2= [[:Jamii:Elimu jijini Nairobi]] }} |group6=Landmarks |list6= * [[Kenyatta International Convention Centre]] * [[Nairobi National Museum]] * [[Times Tower]] * [[Uhuru Park]] | below = '''{{icon|commons}} [[:commons:Category:Nairobi|Nairobi]]''' }}<noinclude> [[Category:Nairobi]] [[Category:Vigezo vya Kenya]] [[Category:Vigezo vya jiografia]] </noinclude> tkski8y4jdehl3ni147hd2z7b24zndx 1241096 1241048 2022-08-08T14:01:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Nairobi |title = [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] |listclass = hlist |image = [[Image:Nairobi City Logo.png|right|70px|Nembo ya Nairobi]] |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |group1 = |list1 = * [[:Category:Majengo mjini Nairobi|Majengo]] * [[:Category:Uchumi wa Nairobi|Uchumi]] * [[:Category:Elimu jijini Nairobi|Elimu]] * Serikali * [[Historia ya Nairobi|Historia]] * [[Nairobi#Media|Vyombo vya habari]] * [[:Category:Watu kutoka Nairobi|Watu]] * [[:Category:Michezo mjini Nairobi|Michezo]] * [[Nairobi#Usafiri|Isafiri]] |group2 = [[Mitaa]] |list2 = * [[Huruma, Nairobi|Huruma]] * [[Mathare]] * [[Ngara, Nairobi|Ngara]] * [[Dandora]] * [[Embakasi]] * [[Gigiri]] * [[Kariobangi]] * [[Karen, Kenya|Karen]] * [[Kawangware]] * [[Kibera (Nairobi)|Kibera]] * [[Korogocho]] * [[Lang'ata]] * [[Eastleigh, Nairobi|Eastleigh]] * [[Highridge]] * [[Lavington, Nairobi|Lavington]] * [[Parklands, Nairobi|Parklands]] |group3 = Tarafa |list3 = * [[Nairobi Kati]] * [[Dagoretti]] * [[Embakasi]] * [[Kasarani]] * [[Kibera]] * [[Makadara]] * [[Pumwani]] * [[Westlands]] |group4 = Usafiri |list4= * [[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport]] * [[Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway|Mombasa–Nairobi Railway]] |group5 = Malezi |list5 = {{Navbox|subgroup |group1= Elimu ya juu |list1= * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Strathmore]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Afrika]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kikristo cha Pan Africa]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ufundi cha Kenya]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Daystar]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Marekani cha Afrika]] |group2= Shule za msingi/ Sekondari |list2= [[:Jamii:Elimu jijini Nairobi]] }} |group6=Landmarks |list6= * [[Ukumbi wa Mikutano wa Kimataifa wa Kenyatta]] * [[Nairobi National Museum|Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Nairobi]] * [[Times Tower]] * [[Uhuru Park]] | below = '''{{icon|commons}} [[:commons:Category:Nairobi|Nairobi]]''' }}<noinclude> [[Category:Nairobi]] [[Category:Vigezo vya Kenya]] [[Category:Vigezo vya jiografia]] </noinclude> 60bl7t3k1f0hy8s7lr6a63tooym1qom 1241108 1241096 2022-08-08T14:11:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Nairobi |title = [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] |listclass = hlist |image = [[Image:Nairobi City Logo.png|right|70px|Nembo ya Nairobi]] |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |group1 = |list1 = * [[:Category:Majengo mjini Nairobi|Majengo]] * [[:Category:Uchumi wa Nairobi|Uchumi]] * [[:Category:Elimu jijini Nairobi|Elimu]] * Serikali * [[Historia ya Nairobi|Historia]] * [[Nairobi#Media|Vyombo vya habari]] * [[:Category:Watu kutoka Nairobi|Watu]] * [[:Category:Michezo mjini Nairobi|Michezo]] * [[Nairobi#Usafiri|Isafiri]] |group2 = [[Mitaa]] |list2 = * [[Huruma, Nairobi|Huruma]] * [[Mathare]] * [[Ngara, Nairobi|Ngara]] * [[Dandora]] * [[Embakasi]] * [[Gigiri]] * [[Kariobangi]] * [[Karen, Kenya|Karen]] * [[Kawangware]] * [[Kibera (Nairobi)|Kibera]] * [[Korogocho]] * [[Lang'ata]] * [[Eastleigh, Nairobi|Eastleigh]] * [[Highridge]] * [[Lavington, Nairobi|Lavington]] * [[Parklands, Nairobi|Parklands]] |group3 = Tarafa |list3 = * [[Nairobi Kati]] * [[Dagoretti]] * [[Embakasi]] * [[Kasarani]] * [[Kibera]] * [[Makadara]] * [[Pumwani]] * [[Westlands]] |group4 = Usafiri |list4= * [[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport]] * [[Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway|Mombasa–Nairobi Railway]] |group5 = Elimu ya juu |list5 = * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Daystar]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kikristo cha Pan Africa]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Afrika]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Marekani - Afrika]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Strathmore]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ufundi cha Kenya]] |group6= Majengo maarufu |list6= * [[Ukumbi wa Mikutano wa Kimataifa wa Kenyatta]] * [[Nairobi National Museum|Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Nairobi]] * [[Times Tower]] * [[Uhuru Park]] | below = '''{{icon|commons}} [[:commons:Category:Nairobi|Nairobi]]''' }}<noinclude> [[Category:Nairobi]] [[Category:Vigezo vya Kenya]] [[Category:Vigezo vya jiografia]] </noinclude> r3fz8s58htdj9xznvl4ek1r2t44d5y2 Kigezo:Bus operators in Scotland 10 58682 1241023 1233664 2022-08-08T12:38:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Bus operators in Scotland |title = [[Image:Flag of Scotland.svg|28px]] [[Transport in Scotland#Buses|Current Bus Operators]] of [[Uskoti]] |titlestyle = background:#bfd7ff; |groupstyle = background:#bfd7ff; |group1 = National |list1 = <div> {{Nowrap begin}} [[Magic Bus (Stagecoach)|Magic Bus]]{{·w}} [[Megabus (United Kingdom)|Megabus]]{{·w}} [[National Express Coaches]]{{·w}} [[Scottish Citylink]] ([[Citylink Gold]]) {{Nowrap end}} </div> |group2 = Regional |list2 = <div> {{Nowrap begin}} [[Arriva Scotland West]]{{·w}} [[Blue Bus of North Lanarkshire]]{{·w}} [[First Aberdeen]]{{·w}} [[First Edinburgh|First East Scotland]]{{·w}} [[First Glasgow]]{{·w}} [[Glasgow Citybus]]{{·w}} [[Lothian Buses]]{{·w}} [[Munro's of Jedburgh]]{{·w}} [[National Express Dundee]]{{·w}} [[Stagecoach East Scotland|Stagecoach Bluebird]]{{·w}} [[Fife Scottish|Stagecoach in Fife]]{{·w}} [[Stagecoach East Scotland|Stagecoach in the Highlands]]{{·w}} [[Stagecoach East Scotland|Stagecoach in Perth]]{{·w}} [[Stagecoach Strathtay]]{{·w}} [[Stagecoach West Scotland]]{{·w}} [[West Coast Motors]] {{Nowrap end}} </div> |belowstyle = background:#bfd7ff; |below = See also: [[Transport Scotland]] }}<noinclude> <hr/> * This template was created to feature details of bus operators based within Scotland. * Please do not add bus operators if there is no correlating Wiki entry - and try to remember [[WP:ORG]] rules regarding whether a company is notable enough for entry into Wikipedia. Thank You. [[Category:usafiri Ufalme wa Muungano|Scotland]] [[Category:Vigezo vya Uskoti|τ]] [[Category:usafiri wa Uskoti|τ]] </noinclude> 84wyqaax0admsbkwok1fcq5whmbie4w Kigezo:Country data SWZ 10 59016 1241115 663629 2022-08-08T14:18:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Changed redirect target from [[Kigezo:Country data Swaziland]] to [[Kigezo:Country data Eswatini]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Country data Eswatini]] [[Category:Country data redirects|SWZ]] af32iidyq09kklc9b9sx8vrxsi0igaa Kuro (jenasi) 0 60117 1241256 1199959 2022-08-08T20:52:57Z ChriKo 35 Nyongeza nususpishi wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uainishaji | rangi = #D3D3A4 | jina = Kuro | picha = Kobus ellipsiprymnus Waterbuck in Tanzania 2595 cropped Nevit.jpg | upana_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = [[Dume la kuro ndogoro]] (''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'') | domeni = | himaya = [[Mnyama|Animalia]] (Wanyama) | faila = [[Chordata]] (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni) | ngeli = [[Mamalia]] (Wanyana wenye viwele wanaonyonyesha wadogo wao) | oda = [[Artiodactyla]] (Wanyama wenye vidole viwili au vinne mguuni) | nusuoda = [[Ruminantia]] (Wanyama wanaocheua) | familia = [[Bovidae]] (Wanyama walio na mnasaba na [[ng'ombe]]) | bingwa_wa_familia = [[John Edward Gray|J. E. Gray]], 1821 | nusufamilia = [[Reduncinae]] (Wanyama wanaofanana na [[tohe]]) | bingwa_wa_nusufamilia = Meyer, 1907 | jenasi = ''[[Kobus]]'' (Kuro) | bingwa_wa_jenasi = [[Andrew Smith|A. Smith]], 1840 | subdivision = '''Spishi 6:''' * ''[[Kobus anselli|K. anselli]]'' [[Cotterill]], 2005 * ''[[Kobus ellipsiprymnus|K. ellipsiprymnus]]'' ([[William Ogilby|Ogilby]], 1833) * ''[[Kobus kob|K. kob]]'' ([[Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben|Erxleben]], 1777) * ''[[Kobus leche|K. leche]]'' J. E. Gray, 1850 * ''[[Kobus megaceros|K. megaceros]]'' ([[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1855) * ''[[Kobus vardonii|K. vardonii]]'' ([[David Livingstone|Livingstone]], 1857) }} Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru '''Kuro''' ni [[spishi]] ya kawaida zaidi ya [[jenasi]] ''[[Kobus]]'' katika [[familia (biolojia)|familia]] [[Bovidae]]. Spishi nyingine za jenasi hii zinaitwa '''lechwe''', '''mraye''' na '''sheshe'''. Kuna [[nususpishi]] mbili za kuro: (kuro) ndogoro na kuro singsing. Spishi zote zinatokea karibu na maji na hutorokea maji wakitishwa na mnyama mbua. Rangi ya spishi nyingi ni ya mchanga lakini rangi ya kuro na spishi nyingine kadhaa ni kahawia hadi kijivu au nyeusi. Mara nyingi iko rangi ya nyeupe kuzunguka macho na pua na matako. Wanyama hawa hula [[nyasi|manyasi]]. ==Spishi== * ''Kobus anselli'', [[Lechwe wa Upemba]] ([[w:Upemba Lechwe|Upemba Lechwe]]) * ''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'', [[Kuro]] ([[w:Waterbuck|Waterbuck]]) ** ''Kobus e. defassa'', [[Kuro Singsing]] au kuro kibaka ([[w:Defassa Waterbuck|Defassa Waterbuck]]) ** ''Kobus e. ellipsiprymnus'', [[Kuro Ndogoro]] au kuro pete ([[w:Common Waterbuck|Common Waterbuck]]) * ''Kobus kob'', [[Mraye]] ([[w:Kob|Kob]]) ** ''Kobus k. kob'', [[Mraye Magharibi]] ([[w:Kob#Status|Buffon's kob]]) ** ''Kobus k. leucotis'', [[Mraye Masikio-meupe]] ([[w:Kob#Status|White-eared kob]]) ** ''Kobus k. thomasi'', [[Mraye wa Uganda]] ([[w:Ugandan kob|Ugandan kob]]) * ''Kobus leche'', [[Lechwe Kusi]] ([[w:Lechwe|Southern lechwe]]) ** ''Kobus l. kafuensis'', [[Lechwe wa Kafue]] ([[w:Kafue lechwe|Kafue lechwe]]) ** ''Kobus l. leche'', [[Lechwe Mwekundu]] ([[w:Lechwe#Subspecies|Red lechwe]]) ** ''Kobus l. robertsi'', [[Lechwe wa Roberts]] ([[w:Roberts' lechwe|Roberts' lechwe]]) - '''ameisha sasa''' ** ''Kobus l. smithemani'', [[Lechwe Mweusi]] ([[w:Lechwe#Subspecies|Black lechwe]]) * ''Kobus megaceros'', [[Lechwe wa Nili]] ([[w:Nile Lechwe|Nile Lechwe]]) * ''Kobus vardonii'', [[Sheshe]] ([[w:Puku|Puku]]) ** ''Kobus v. senganus'', [[Sheshe wa Senga]] ([[w:Puku#Subspecies|Senga puku]]) ** ''Kobus v. vardonii'', [[Sheshe Kusi]] ([[w:Puku#Subspecies|Southern puku]]) ==Picha== <gallery> Picha:Kobus ellipsyprimus, male (Livingstone, Zambia).jpg|Dume la kuro singsing Picha:Defassa waterbuck01.JPG|Jike la kuro singsing Picha:Kobus ellipsiprymnus ellipsiprymnus - Disney's Animal Kingdom Lodge, Orlando, Florida, USA - 20100119.jpg|Jike la kuro ndogoro Picha:Uganda-Kob.jpg|Dume la mraye Picha:Gazelle clearing park w niger 2006.jpg|Jike la mraye Picha:Red Lechwe in the Okavango.jpg|Madume ya lechwe kusi Picha:Flying-Lechwe-Okavango.jpg|Jike la lechwe kusi Picha:Voduška abok 1.jpg|Dume la lechwe wa Nili Picha:Kobus megaceros-female.jpg|Jike la lechwe wa Nili Picha:Puku male.jpg|Dume la sheshe Picha:Puku - Female, in South Luangwa National Park - Zambia.jpg|Jike la sheshe </gallery> {{mbegu-mnyama}} {{Artiodactyla|R.2}} [[Jamii:Ng'ombe na jamaa]] [[Jamii:Wanyama wa Afrika]] 6k3viqveszelkpnlojtw4u5w16fa8c2 1241434 1241256 2022-08-09T08:39:49Z ChriKo 35 Nususpishi katika sanduku wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uainishaji | rangi = #D3D3A4 | jina = Kuro | picha = Kobus ellipsiprymnus Waterbuck in Tanzania 2595 cropped Nevit.jpg | upana_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = [[Dume la kuro ndogoro]] (''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'') | domeni = | himaya = [[Mnyama|Animalia]] (Wanyama) | faila = [[Chordata]] (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni) | ngeli = [[Mamalia]] (Wanyana wenye viwele wanaonyonyesha wadogo wao) | oda = [[Artiodactyla]] (Wanyama wenye vidole viwili au vinne mguuni) | nusuoda = [[Ruminantia]] (Wanyama wanaocheua) | familia = [[Bovidae]] (Wanyama walio na mnasaba na [[ng'ombe]]) | bingwa_wa_familia = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1821 | nusufamilia = [[Reduncinae]] (Wanyama wanaofanana na [[tohe]]) | bingwa_wa_nusufamilia = Meyer, 1907 | jenasi = ''[[Kobus]]'' (Kuro) | bingwa_wa_jenasi = [[Andrew Smith|A. Smith]], 1840 | subdivision = '''Spishi 6, nususpishi 11:''' * ''[[Kobus anselli|K. anselli]]'' [[Cotterill]], 2005 * ''[[Kobus ellipsiprymnus|K. ellipsiprymnus]]'' ([[William Ogilby|Ogilby]], 1833) ** ''[[Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa|K. e. defassa]]'' ([[Eduard Rüppell|Rüppel]], 1835) ** ''[[Kobus ellipsiprymnus ellipsiprymnus|K. e. ellipsiprymnus]]'' (Ogilby]], 1833 * ''[[Kobus kob|K. kob]]'' ([[Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben|Erxleben]], 1777) ** ''[[Kobus kob kob|K. k. kob]]'' (Erxleben, 1777) ** ''[[Kobus kob leucotis|K. k. leucotis]]'' ([[Martin Hinrich Carl Lichtenstein|Lichtenstein]] & [[Wilhelm Carl Hartwig Peters|Peters]], 1853) ** ''[[Kobus kob thomasi|K. kob thomasi]]'' ([[Philip Lutley Sclater|Sclater]], 1896) * ''[[Kobus leche|K. leche]]'' Gray, 1850 ** ''[[Kobus leche kafuensis|K. l. kafuensis]]'' [[Theodor Haltenorth|Haltenorth]], 1963 ** ''[[Kobus leche leche|K. l. leche]]'' Gray, 1850 ** ''[[Kobus leche robertsi|K. l. robertsi]]'' [[Lionel Walter Rothschild|Rothschild]], 1907 ** ''[[Kobus leche smithemani|K. leche smithemani]]'' [[Richard Lydekker|Lydekker]], 1900 * ''[[Kobus megaceros|K. megaceros]]'' ([[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1855) * ''[[Kobus vardonii|K. vardonii]]'' ([[David Livingstone|Livingstone]], 1857) ** ''[[Kobus vardonii senganus|K. v. senganus]]'' (Sclater & [[Oldfield Thomas|Thomas]], 1897) ** ''[[Kobus vardonii|K. vardonii]]'' ([[David Livingstone|Livingstone]], 1857) }} '''Kuro''' ni [[spishi]] ya kawaida zaidi ya [[jenasi]] ''[[Kobus]]'' katika [[familia (biolojia)|familia]] [[Bovidae]]. Spishi nyingine za jenasi hii zinaitwa '''lechwe''', '''mraye''' na '''sheshe'''. Spishi zote zinatokea karibu na maji na hutorokea maji wakitishwa na mnyama mbua. Rangi ya spishi nyingi ni ya [[mchanga]] lakini rangi ya kuro na spishi nyingine kadhaa ni kahawia hadi kijivu au [[nyeusi]]. Mara nyingi kuna rangi ya [[nyeupe]] kuzunguka [[jicho|macho]] na [[pua]] na [[tako|matako]]. Wanyama hawa hula [[nyasi]]. ==Spishi== * ''Kobus anselli'', [[Lechwe wa Upemba]] ([[w:Upemba Lechwe|Upemba Lechwe]]) * ''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'', [[Kuro]] ([[w:Waterbuck|Waterbuck]]) ** ''Kobus e. defassa'', [[Kuro Singsing]] au kuro kibaka ([[w:Defassa Waterbuck|Defassa Waterbuck]]) ** ''Kobus e. ellipsiprymnus'', [[Kuro Ndogoro]] au kuro pete ([[w:Common Waterbuck|Common Waterbuck]]) * ''Kobus kob'', [[Mraye]] ([[w:Kob|Kob]]) ** ''Kobus k. kob'', [[Mraye Magharibi]] ([[w:Kob#Status|Buffon's kob]]) ** ''Kobus k. leucotis'', [[Mraye Masikio-meupe]] ([[w:White-eared kob|White-eared kob]]) ** ''Kobus k. thomasi'', [[Mraye wa Uganda]] ([[w:Ugandan kob|Ugandan kob]]) * ''Kobus leche'', [[Lechwe Kusi]] ([[w:Lechwe|Southern lechwe]]) ** ''Kobus l. kafuensis'', [[Lechwe wa Kafue]] ([[w:Kafue lechwe|Kafue lechwe]]) ** ''Kobus l. leche'', [[Lechwe Mwekundu]] ([[w:Lechwe#Subspecies|Red lechwe]]) ** ''Kobus l. robertsi'', [[Lechwe wa Roberts]] ([[w:Roberts' lechwe|Roberts' lechwe]]) - '''ameisha sasa''' ** ''Kobus l. smithemani'', [[Lechwe Mweusi]] ([[w:Lechwe#Subspecies|Black lechwe]]) * ''Kobus megaceros'', [[Lechwe wa Nili]] ([[w:Nile Lechwe|Nile Lechwe]]) * ''Kobus vardonii'', [[Sheshe]] ([[w:Puku|Puku]]) ** ''Kobus v. senganus'', [[Sheshe wa Senga]] ([[w:Puku#Subspecies|Senga puku]]) ** ''Kobus v. vardonii'', [[Sheshe Kusi]] ([[w:Puku#Subspecies|Southern puku]]) ==Picha== <gallery> Picha:Kobus ellipsyprimus, male (Livingstone, Zambia).jpg|Dume la kuro singsing Picha:Defassa waterbuck01.JPG|Jike la kuro singsing Picha:Kobus ellipsiprymnus ellipsiprymnus - Disney's Animal Kingdom Lodge, Orlando, Florida, USA - 20100119.jpg|Jike la kuro ndogoro Picha:Uganda-Kob.jpg|Dume la mraye Picha:Gazelle clearing park w niger 2006.jpg|Jike la mraye Picha:Red Lechwe in the Okavango.jpg|Madume ya lechwe kusi Picha:Flying-Lechwe-Okavango.jpg|Jike la lechwe kusi Picha:Voduška abok 1.jpg|Dume la lechwe wa Nili Picha:Kobus megaceros-female.jpg|Jike la lechwe wa Nili Picha:Puku male.jpg|Dume la sheshe Picha:Puku - Female, in South Luangwa National Park - Zambia.jpg|Jike la sheshe </gallery> {{mbegu-mnyama}} {{Artiodactyla|R.2}} [[Jamii:Ng'ombe na jamaa]] [[Jamii:Wanyama wa Afrika]] 04rbq77sdoi8q3t4jivss9fbi33a7bm Korongo (Bovidae) 0 60131 1241247 1182056 2022-08-08T19:48:38Z ChriKo 35 Nyongeza nususpishi wikitext text/x-wiki Kwa maana tofauti ya neno hilo tazama [[Korongo (maana)]] {{Uainishaji | rangi = #D3D3A4 | jina = Korongo | picha = Hippotragus equinus cottoni - Buffalo Zoo.jpg | upana_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = [[Dume la korongo]] (''Hippotragus equinus'') | domeni = | himaya = [[Mnyama|Animalia]] (Wanyama) | faila = [[Chordata]] (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni) | ngeli = [[Mamalia]] (Wanyana wenye viwele wanaonyonyesha wadogo wao) | oda = [[Artiodactyla]] (Wanyama wenye vidole viwili au vinne mguuni) | nusuoda = [[Ruminantia]] (Wanyama wanaocheua) | familia = [[Bovidae]] (Wanyama walio na mnasaba na [[ng'ombe]]) | bingwa_wa_familia = [[John Edward Gray|J. E. Gray]], 1821 | nusufamilia = [[Hippotraginae]] (Wanyama wanaofanana na [[Korongo (Bovidae)|korongo]]) | bingwa_wa_nusufamilia = [[Victor Brooke|Brooke]], 1876 | jenasi = ''[[Hippotragus]]'' (Korongo) | bingwa_wa_jenasi = [[Thaddeus William Harris|Harris]], 1838 | subdivision = Spishi 3, nususpishi ??: * ''[[Hippotragus equinus|H. equinus]]'' [[Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest|Desmarest]], 1804 ** ''[[Hippotragus equinus bakeri|H. e. bakeri]]'' [[Theodor von Heuglin|Heuglin]], 1863 ** ''[[Hippotragus equinus cottoni|H. e. cottoni]]'' [[Guy Dollman|Dollman]] & [[J.B. Burlace|Burlace]], 1928 ** ''[[Hippotragus equinus equinus|H. e. equinus]]'' Desmarest, 1804 ** ''[[Hippotragus equinus koba|H. e. koba]]'' [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1872 ** ''[[Hippotragus equinus langheldi|H. e. langheldi]]'' [[Paul Matschie|Matschie]], 1898 ** ''[[Hippotragus equinus scharicus|H. e. scharicus]]'' [[Ernst Schwarz|Schwarz]], 1913 * †''[[Hippotragus leucophaeus|H. leucophaeus]]'' ([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1766) * ''[[Hippotragus niger|H. niger]]'' Harris, 1838 ** ''[[Hippotragus niger niger|H. n. niger]]'' Harris, 1838 ** ''[[Hippotragus niger kirkii|H. n. kirkii]]'' Gray, 1872 ** ''[[Hippotragus niger roosevelti|H. n. roosevelti]]'' [[Edmund Heller|Heller]], 1910 ** ''[[Hippotragus niger variani|H. n. variani]]'' [[Oldfield Thomas|Thomas]], 1916 }} Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru '''Korongo''' au '''kolongo''' ni [[spishi]] ya kawaida zaidi ya [[jenasi]] ''[[Hippotragus]]'' katika [[familia (biolojia)|familia]] [[Bovidae]]. Spishi nyingine inaitwa '''palahala''' au '''mbarapi'''. Hawa ni [[mnyama|wanyama]] wakubwa ambao wanatokea [[savana]] za [[Afrika]] zenye [[mti|miti]]. Rangi ya madume ni kahawia hadi nyeusi, rangi ya majike ni kahawia. Kuna mabaka meusi na meupe kichwani, lakini hayaonekani sana kwa [[korongo buluu]]; tumbo ni jeupe. Dume na jike wana pembe ndefu zilizopindika kuelekea nyuma ambazo urefu wao unaweza kufika mita moja au zaidi lakini fupi zaidi kwa jike. Wanyama hawa hula [[nyasi|manyasi]] marefu kiasi. ==Spishi== * ''Hippotragus equinus'', [[Korongo]] ([[w:Roan antelope|Roan antelope]]) ** ''Hippotragus e. bakeri'', [[Korongo wa Sudani]] ** ''Hippotragus e. cottoni'', [[Korongo Kusi]] ** ''Hippotragus e. equinus'', [[Korongo wa Angola]] ** ''Hippotragus e. koba'', [[Korongo Magharibi]] ** ''Hippotragus e. langheldi'', [[Korongo Mashariki]] ** ''Hippotragus e. scharicus'', [[Korongo wa Kati]] * ''Hippotragus leucopheus'', [[Korongo Buluu]] ([[w:Bluebuck|Bluebuck]]) – '''imekwisha sasa''' (k.y. 1800) * ''Hippotragus niger'', [[Palahala]] au Mbarapi ([[w:Sable Antelope|Sable Antelope]]) ** ''Hippotragus n. niger'', [[Korongo mweusi]] ([[w:Roan antelope#Subspecies|Black sable antelope]]) ** ''Hippotragus n. kirkii'', [[Korongo wa Zambia]] ([[w:Roan antelope#Subspecies|Zambian sable antelope]]) ** ''Hippotragus n. roosevelti'', [[Korongo Mashariki]] ([[w:Roan antelope#Subspecies|Eastern sable antelope]]) ** ''Hippotragus n. variani'', [[Korongo Mkubwa]] ([[w:Giant sable antelope|Giant sable antelope]]) ==Picha== <gallery> File:Le Vaillant blue buck.jpg|Dume la korongo buluu File:Sable bull.jpg|Dume la palahala </gallery> {{mbegu-mnyama}} {{Artiodactyla|R.2}} [[Jamii:Ng'ombe na jamaa]] [[Jamii:Wanyama wa Afrika]] ik76pexjij31vqjtv6ju4p2yn00k0u3 1241249 1241247 2022-08-08T20:13:48Z ChriKo 35 Nyongeza picha wikitext text/x-wiki Kwa maana tofauti ya neno hilo tazama [[Korongo (maana)]] {{Uainishaji | rangi = #D3D3A4 | jina = Korongo | picha = Roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus equinus) male.jpg | upana_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Dume la korongo kusi (''Hippotragus e. equinus'') | domeni = | himaya = [[Mnyama|Animalia]] (Wanyama) | faila = [[Chordata]] (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni) | ngeli = [[Mamalia]] (Wanyana wenye viwele wanaonyonyesha wadogo wao) | oda = [[Artiodactyla]] (Wanyama wenye vidole viwili au vinne mguuni) | nusuoda = [[Ruminantia]] (Wanyama wanaocheua) | familia = [[Bovidae]] (Wanyama walio na mnasaba na [[ng'ombe]]) | bingwa_wa_familia = [[John Edward Gray|J. E. Gray]], 1821 | nusufamilia = [[Hippotraginae]] (Wanyama wanaofanana na [[Korongo (Bovidae)|korongo]]) | bingwa_wa_nusufamilia = [[Victor Brooke|Brooke]], 1876 | jenasi = ''[[Hippotragus]]'' (Korongo) | bingwa_wa_jenasi = [[Thaddeus William Harris|Harris]], 1838 | subdivision = Spishi 3, nususpishi ??: * ''[[Hippotragus equinus|H. equinus]]'' [[Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest|Desmarest]], 1804 ** ''[[Hippotragus equinus bakeri|H. e. bakeri]]'' [[Theodor von Heuglin|Heuglin]], 1863 ** ''[[Hippotragus equinus cottoni|H. e. cottoni]]'' [[Guy Dollman|Dollman]] & [[J.B. Burlace|Burlace]], 1928 ** ''[[Hippotragus equinus equinus|H. e. equinus]]'' Desmarest, 1804 ** ''[[Hippotragus equinus koba|H. e. koba]]'' [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1872 ** ''[[Hippotragus equinus langheldi|H. e. langheldi]]'' [[Paul Matschie|Matschie]], 1898 ** ''[[Hippotragus equinus scharicus|H. e. scharicus]]'' [[Ernst Schwarz|Schwarz]], 1913 * †''[[Hippotragus leucophaeus|H. leucophaeus]]'' ([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1766) * ''[[Hippotragus niger|H. niger]]'' Harris, 1838 ** ''[[Hippotragus niger niger|H. n. niger]]'' Harris, 1838 ** ''[[Hippotragus niger kirkii|H. n. kirkii]]'' Gray, 1872 ** ''[[Hippotragus niger roosevelti|H. n. roosevelti]]'' [[Edmund Heller|Heller]], 1910 ** ''[[Hippotragus niger variani|H. n. variani]]'' [[Oldfield Thomas|Thomas]], 1916 }} Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru '''Korongo''' au '''kolongo''' ni [[spishi]] ya kawaida zaidi ya [[jenasi]] ''[[Hippotragus]]'' katika [[familia (biolojia)|familia]] [[Bovidae]]. Spishi nyingine inaitwa '''palahala''' au '''mbarapi'''. Hawa ni [[mnyama|wanyama]] wakubwa ambao wanatokea [[savana]] za [[Afrika]] zenye [[mti|miti]]. Rangi ya madume ni kahawia hadi nyeusi, rangi ya majike ni kahawia. Kuna mabaka meusi na meupe kichwani, lakini hayaonekani sana kwa [[korongo buluu]]; tumbo ni jeupe. Dume na jike wana pembe ndefu zilizopindika kuelekea nyuma ambazo urefu wao unaweza kufika mita moja au zaidi lakini fupi zaidi kwa jike. Wanyama hawa hula [[nyasi|manyasi]] marefu kiasi. ==Spishi== * ''Hippotragus equinus'', [[Korongo]] ([[w:Roan antelope|Roan antelope]]) ** ''Hippotragus e. bakeri'', [[Korongo wa Sudani]] ** ''Hippotragus e. cottoni'', [[Korongo wa Zambia]] ** ''Hippotragus e. equinus'', [[Korongo Kusi]] ** ''Hippotragus e. koba'', [[Korongo Magharibi]] ** ''Hippotragus e. langheldi'', [[Korongo Mashariki]] ** ''Hippotragus e. scharicus'', [[Korongo wa Kati]] * ''Hippotragus leucopheus'', [[Korongo Buluu]] ([[w:Bluebuck|Bluebuck]]) – '''imekwisha sasa''' (k.y. 1800) * ''Hippotragus niger'', [[Palahala]] au Mbarapi ([[w:Sable Antelope|Sable Antelope]]) ** ''Hippotragus n. niger'', [[Palahala mweusi]] ([[w:Roan antelope#Subspecies|Black sable antelope]]) ** ''Hippotragus n. kirkii'', [[Palahala wa Zambia]] ([[w:Roan antelope#Subspecies|Zambian sable antelope]]) ** ''Hippotragus n. roosevelti'', [[Palahala Mashariki]] ([[w:Roan antelope#Subspecies|Eastern sable antelope]]) ** ''Hippotragus n. variani'', [[Palahala Mkubwa]] ([[w:Giant sable antelope|Giant sable antelope]]) ==Picha== <gallery> Roan Antelope, Kafue National Park, Zambia, Nov 2011.jpg|Korongo wa Zambia Roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus koba).jpg|Korongo magharibi Le Vaillant blue buck.jpg|Dume la korongo buluu Sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) adult male.jpg|Palahala mweusi Sable bull.jpg|Palahala wa Zambia Roosevelt Sable (Hippotragus niger roosevelti) male ruminating ... (35318453454).jpg|Palahala mashariki </gallery> {{mbegu-mnyama}} {{Artiodactyla|R.2}} [[Jamii:Ng'ombe na jamaa]] [[Jamii:Wanyama wa Afrika]] 6f7m6pxfkco0hq67fx9ky4x38dbxw0a Kigezo:The Commonwealth 10 61924 1241227 688002 2022-08-08T18:37:45Z Bestoernesto 23840 upgrade Eswatini wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = The Commonwealth |title = [[List of members of the Commonwealth of Nations|Members of the]] [[Commonwealth of Nations]] |image = |group1 = [[List of sovereign states|Sovereign states]] |list1 = <div> [[Antigua and Barbuda]]{{·}} [[Australia]]{{·}} [[The Bahamas|Bahamas]]{{·}} [[Bangladesh]]{{·}} [[Barbados]]{{·}} [[Belize]]{{·}} [[Botswana]]{{·}} [[Brunei]]{{·}} [[Cameroon]]{{·}} [[Canada]]{{·}} [[Cyprus]]{{·}} [[Dominica]]{{·}} [[Eswatini]]{{·}} [[Fiji]] (''suspended''){{·}} {{Nowrap|[[The Gambia]]}}{{·}} [[Ghana]]{{·}} [[Grenada]]{{·}} [[Guyana]]{{·}} [[India]]{{·}} [[Jamaica]]{{·}} [[Kenya]]{{·}} [[Kiribati]]{{·}} [[Lesotho]]{{·}} [[Malawi]]{{·}} [[Malaysia]]{{·}} [[Maldives]]{{·}} [[Malta]]{{·}} [[Mauritius]]{{·}} [[Mozambique]]{{·}} [[Namibia]]{{·}} [[Nauru]]{{·}} {{Nowrap|[[New Zealand]]}}{{·}} [[Nigeria]]{{·}} [[Pakistan]]{{·}} {{Nowrap|[[Papua New Guinea]]}}{{·}} [[Rwanda]]{{·}} [[Saint Kitts and Nevis|St. Kitts and Nevis]]{{·}} [[Saint Lucia|St. Lucia]]{{·}} [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|St. Vincent and the Grenadines]]{{·}} [[Samoa]]{{·}} [[Seychelles]]{{·}} {{Nowrap|[[Sierra Leone]]}}{{·}} [[Singapore]]{{·}} {{Nowrap|[[Solomon Islands]]}}{{·}} {{Nowrap|[[South Africa]]}}{{·}} {{Nowrap|[[Sri Lanka]]}}{{·}} [[Tanzania]]{{·}} [[Tonga]]{{·}} {{Nowrap|[[Trinidad and Tobago]]}}{{·}} [[Tuvalu]]{{·}} [[Uganda]]{{·}} {{Nowrap|[[United Kingdom]]}}{{·}} [[Vanuatu]]{{·}} [[Zambia]] </div> |group2 = [[Dependent territory|Dependencies]] |list2 = {{Navbox subgroup |group1 = Australia |list1 = <div> [[Ashmore and Cartier Islands]]{{·}} {{Nowrap| [[Australian Antarctic Territory]]}}{{·}} {{Nowrap| [[Christmas Island]]}}{{·}} {{Nowrap| [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]]}}{{·}} {{Nowrap| [[Coral Sea Islands]]}}{{·}} {{Nowrap| [[Heard Island and McDonald Islands]]}}{{·}} {{Nowrap| [[Norfolk Island]] }} </div> |group2 = New Zealand |list2 = <div> {{Nowrap| [[Cook Islands]]}}{{·}} [[Niue]]{{·}} {{Nowrap| [[Ross Dependency]]}}{{·}} [[Tokelau]] </div> |group3 = United Kingdom |list3 = <div> {{Nowrap| [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]]}}{{·}} [[Anguilla]]{{·}} [[Bermuda]]{{·}} {{Nowrap| [[British Antarctic Territory]]}}{{·}} {{Nowrap| [[British Indian Ocean Territory]]}}{{·}} {{Nowrap| [[British Virgin Islands]]}}{{·}} {{Nowrap| [[Cayman Islands]]}}{{·}} {{Nowrap| [[Falkland Islands]]}}{{·}} [[Gibraltar]]{{·}} [[Guernsey]]{{·}} {{Nowrap| [[Isle of Man]]}}{{·}} [[Jersey]]{{·}} [[Montserrat]]{{·}} {{Nowrap| [[Pitcairn Islands]]}}{{·}} [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha|St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]{{·}} {{Nowrap| [[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]]}}{{·}} {{Nowrap| [[Turks and Caicos Islands]] }} </div> }} |below = Source: [http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/142227/members/ Commonwealth Secretariat - Member States] }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations|τ{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> jbb4w0mwjcinijz5we2w8nnqyak7541 Kiani 0 68901 1241112 912657 2022-08-08T14:17:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Changed redirect target from [[Algae]] to [[Mwani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[mwani]] [[Jamii:Eukaryota]] a53tfki3gpepwgt07u9ys26pyxzp7ix Kijimea 0 68902 1241111 912658 2022-08-08T14:16:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Changed redirect target from [[Algae]] to [[Mwani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mwani]] [[Jamii:Eukaryota]] 4q9u27unstap0qnqrv3f5dael6c0nnk Kiani (mmea) 0 70995 1241113 922883 2022-08-08T14:17:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Changed redirect target from [[Algae]] to [[Mwani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[mwani]] 5uqvg586hl1en2pgyqa302apllgoxuz Teddy Riley 0 84346 1240979 1177744 2022-08-08T12:16:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 |image= |jina = Teddy Riley |caption = |background = solo_singer |jina la kuzaliwa = Edward Theodore Riley<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hogan|first1=Ed|title=Teddy Riley: Biography|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/teddy-riley-mn0000018176/biography|website=Allmusic|publisher=allmusic.com|accessdate=March 7, 2014}}</ref> |alias = |tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1967|10|8|df=yes}} |asili yake = [[Harlem, New York]] Marekani |aina = [[New jack swing]] [[Contemporary R&B]] [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]] |kazi yake = Mtayarishaji wa rekodi mtunzi wa nyimbo mwanamuziki mtumbuizaji |ameshirikiana na = [[Michael Jackson]], [[Kool Moe Dee]], [[Guy (bendi)|Guy]], [[Blackstreet]], [[MC Hammer]], [[Doug E. Fresh]], [[Bobby Brown]], [[Heavy D. & the Boyz]], [[Today (bendi)|Today]], [[Snoop Dogg]], [[Girls' Generation]], [[Shinee]], [[Jay Park]], [[F(x) (band)|f(x)]], [[RaNia (bendi)|RaNia]], [[EXO (bendi)|EXO]], [[SWV]], [[Patti LaBelle]] |miaka ya kazi = 1984–hadi leo |studio = [[Interscope Records|Interscope]], [[Uptown Records|Uptown]], [[MCA Records|MCA]], [[DreamWorks Records|DreamWorks]] }} [[Picha: 90's_Block_Party_Tour.jpg|thumb| Teddy Riley]] '''Edward Theodore "Teddy" Riley''' (amezaliwa [[8 Oktoba]], [[1967]]) ni [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], [[mwanamuziki]], [[kinanda|mpiga kinanda]], mtumbuizaji na [[mtayarishaji wa rekodi]] kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Huhesabiwa kama mwanzilishi mtindo wa [[new jack swing]].<ref name="autogenerated1">Hogan, Paul. "[{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p118768/biography|pure_url=yes}} Teddy Riley biography]" [[Allmusic]] Retrieved on September 19, 2009</ref> Kupitia kazi zake za utayarishaji na [[Michael Jackson]], [[Bobby Brown]], [[Doug E. Fresh]], [[Today (bendi)|Today]], [[Keith Sweat]], [[Heavy D.]], [[Usher]], [[Jane Child]], na wengineo kibao - vilevile akiwa kama mmoja wa wanakundi wa [[Guy (bendi)|Guy]] na [[Blackstreet]], Riley amehesabika kuwa na athira kubwa mno katika uanzishwaji na uboreshaji wa muziki wa [[contemporary R&B]], [[Hip hop music|hip-hop]], soul na pop tangu katika miaka ya 1980. ==Albumu== * Solo: ''Black Rock'' (Haijatolewa) * Guy: ''[[Guy (bendi)#Diskografia|Guy diskografia]]'' * Blackstreet: ''[[Diskografia ya Blackstreet]]'' ==Nyimbo zilizotungwa na Teddy Riley== *The Boys (Girls' Generation-The Boys (2011)) *Check (Girls' Generation-Lion Heart (2015)) * [[Exodus (Exo)|Call Me Baby]] - [[Exo (bendi)|EXO]] (2015) * [[Exodus (Exo)|Beautiful]] - [[Exo (bendi)|EXO]] (2015) *Already (Taemin-Press It (2016)) ==Marejeo== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://souljoneswords.blogspot.com/2011/05/will-real-blackstreet-please-stand-up.html Teddy Riley and Blackstreet Interview ] * [http://www.ballerstatus.com/2007/08/the-teddy-riley-interview-by-lucy-diamonds/ The Teddy Riley Interview] * [http://www.ballerstatus.com/2008/02/13/poor-teddy-riley-no-pun-intended/ Teddy Riley BallerStatus Feature] * [http://www.njs4ever.com Teddy Riley's New Jack Swing movement] * [http://yepyepkk.wix.com/teddy Teddy Riley's Fan Site] * [http://b-aa-d.com B-AA-D.com, Teddy Riley's New Artist Community] {{Wayback|url=http://b-aa-d.com/ |date=20090321051631 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Riley, Teddy}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Category:Watu walio hai]] [[Category:Watayarishaji muziki wa Marekani]] [[Category:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Category:Wanachama wa Blackstreet]] [[Category:hip hop]] [[Category:Washindi wa Tuzo za Grammy]] 7bapq7pp6dowcy358sn2z4i37e7grc7 Jamii:Chaguzi za Rais wa Marekani 14 87169 1241123 986861 2022-08-08T14:26:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Presidential elections in the United States}} [[Jamii:chaguzi]] [[Jamii:Siasa ya Marekani|Chaguzi]] [[Jamii:Urais wa Marekani|Chaguzi]] jrvbmj44tkjj489arsncs8jxhzrb9mp Viti maalum vya wanawake 0 89749 1241225 1219315 2022-08-08T18:25:56Z Bestoernesto 23840 /* Nchi zinazotumia utaratibu wa viti maalumu vya wanawake katika bunge zao */ Upgrade Eswatini wikitext text/x-wiki '''Viti maalum vya wanawake''' ni nafasi [[bunge|bungeni]] zinazotolewa kwa utaratibu unaopatikana katika nchi mbalimbali na unaolenga kuongeza [[idadi]] ya [[wanawake]] na athira yao katika bunge na mabaraza na kwa njia hiyo katika [[siasa]] ya nchi hizo kwa jumla. Kuna nchi nyingi za [[dunia]] zilizochukua hatua za kuongeza nafasi za wanawake [[serikali|serikalini]] kulingana na [[mkataba]] kuhusu ufutaji wa [[ubaguzi]] wote wa wanawake ([[:en:Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women|Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women]]) uliosainiwa na [[mataifa]] 189 tangu kuanzishwa [[mwaka]] [[1981]] na kuimarishwa na azimio la [[Mkutano Mkuu wa Umoja wa Mataifa]] mwaka [[2011]]. <ref>[http://undocs.org/A/RES/66/130 Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011 - 66/130 Women and political participation], Tovuti ya Umoja wa Mataifa undocs.org, iliangaliwa Mei 2017 </ref>. ==Nchi zinazotumia utaratibu wa viti maalumu vya wanawake katika bunge zao== Kati ya hatua hizo ni utaratibu wa kisheria wa kutenga sehemu ya [[kiti|viti]] vya bunge za kitaifa kwa wanawake pekee. Mnamo mwaka [[2013]] utaratibu huo ulitumiwa katika nchi 36, hasa za [[Afrika]] na [[Asia Kusini]]. Katika [[Amerika]] ni nchi ya [[Haiti]]. Katika Afrika ni nchi za [[Algeria]], [[Burundi]], [[Djibouti]], [[Eritrea]], [[Eswatini]], [[Guinea]], [[Kenya]], [[Lesotho]], [[Libya]], [[Mauritania]], [[Morocco]], [[Niger]], [[Rwanda]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Somalia]], [[Sudan Kusini]], [[Sudan]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]] na [[Zimbabwe]]. Katika [[Asia]] ni nchi za [[Afghanistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[China]], [[India]], [[Iraq]], [[Jordan]],[[Palestina]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Pakistan]], [[Philippines]], [[Samoa]], [[Taiwan]], [[Timor-Leste]] na [[Vanuatu]]. ==Mifumo mbalimbali== Nchi nyingi hutenga idadi ya viti vya wabunge kwa ajili ya wanawake wanaochaguliwa kwa namna za pekee. Mara nyingi wananchi hupiga [[kura]] mara mbili, kwanza kwa wawakilishi wao kwa jumla halafu kura ya pili kwa ajili ya wanawake pekee. Kuna pia nchi ambazo zimeanzisha [[jimbo la uchaguzi|majimbo ya uchaguzi]] kwa ajili ya wagombea wanawake pekee. Nchi chache hutumia mfumo kama [[Tanzania]] ambako takriban [[theluthi]] 1 ya viti kwenye bunge ni viti maalumu ya wanawake wanaoingia baada ya kutajwa na [[chama cha kisiasa|vyama vya kisiasa]] lakini bila kupigiwa kura.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tanzania.go.tz/egov_uploads/documents/KATIBA%20YA%20JAMHURI%20YA%20MUUNGANO%20WA%20TANZANIA%20YA%20MWAKA.pdf |title=Fungu 66, 1b ya Katiba ya Tanzania |accessdate=2017-05-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516180752/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/egov_uploads/documents/KATIBA%20YA%20JAMHURI%20YA%20MUUNGANO%20WA%20TANZANIA%20YA%20MWAKA.pdf |archivedate=2017-05-16 }}</ref> ==Tanbihi== <references/> ==Marejeo== *[http://www.quotaproject.org/aboutProject.cfm Tovuti ya quotaproject.org] {{Wayback|url=http://www.quotaproject.org/aboutProject.cfm |date=20170314195207 }} (mradi wa International IDEA, Inter-Parliamentary Union na Chuo Kikuu cha Stockholm) *[http://www.quotaproject.org/atlas.pdf Atlas of Electoral Gender Quotas] {{Wayback|url=http://www.quotaproject.org/atlas.pdf |date=20170423123517 }} [[Jamii:Siasa]] [[Jamii:Wanawake]] j337xh0oj09blyd234w9uby70pcoeh3 Hukumu ya Ndoa Yangu 0 92644 1241033 1010809 2022-08-08T12:47:51Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = {{PAGENAME}} | picha = Hukumu ya Ndoa Yangu.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya {{PAGENAME}} | mwongozaji = [[Adam Kuambiana]] | mtayarishaji = [[Jerusalem Film Co.]] | mtunzi = [[Aisha]] | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[Fatuma Makongoro]] [[Jacob Stephen]] [[Shamsa Ford]] | muziki = [[Hussein Njenje]] | sinematografi = | mhariri = | msambazaji = [[Steps Entertainment]] | imetolewa = [[11 Agosti]], [[2014]] | muda = Dk. 70 | nchi = [[Tanzania]] | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} ''''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni jina la filamu iliyotoka mwaka 2014 kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Ndani yake anakuja [[Fatuma Makongoro]] (Bi. Mwenda), [[Jacob Stephen]] (JB) na [[Shamsa Ford]]. Filamu imeongozwa na [[Adam Kuambiana]] na kutayarishwa na [[Jerusalem Film Co.]] inayomilikiwa na JB. Chini ya usambazaji wa Steps Entertainment ya [[Dar es Salaam]]. Filamu inahusu wanandoa wanaopitia magumu ya familia upande wa kiumeni kuoneshana kuingilia maisha ya ndoa ya kaka yao. Shamsa kaonesha uvumilivu wa hali katika kutetea ndoa yake. Filamu ina sehemu ya kwanza na ya pili kama jinsi ilivyo filamu nyingi za Tanzania. <ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/hukumu-ya-ndoa-yangu Hukumu ya Ndoa Yangu] katika [[Bongo Cinema.com]]</ref> ==Washiriki== *[[Fatuma Makongoro]] *[[Jacob Stephen]] *[[Shamsa Ford]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Adam Kuambiana]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2014]] iv6rojrl98y273ih1y56dck8shak3bh Fake Pastors 0 92754 1241022 1160714 2022-08-08T12:38:19Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = {{PAGENAME}} | picha = FakePastorsFilamu.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya {{PAGENAME}} | mwongozaji = [[Gervas Kasiga]] | mtayarishaji = [[Eric Shigongo]] | mtunzi = [[Eric Shigongo]] Gervas Kasiga (muswada andishi) | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[Adam Kuambiana]] [[Vicent Kigosi]] [[Jokette Mwegelo]] [[Lisa Jensen]] [[Blandina Changula]] [[Emmanuel Myamba]] | muziki = | sinematografi = | mhariri = | msambazaji = | imetolewa = [[3 Aprili]], [[2007]] | muda = 120 | nchi = [[Tanzania]] | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} ''''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni jina la [[filamu]] iliyotoka mwaka [[2007]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Washiriki wakuu ni [[Adam Kuambiana]] (Petro), [[Vicent Kigosi]] (Ray), Jokette Mwegelo (Jach), [[Lisa Jensen]] (Lisa), na [[Blandina Changula|Blandina Chagula]]. Filamu hii imeandikwa (muswada) na kuongozwa na [[Gervas Kasiga]] na kutayarishwa na [[Eric Shigongo]] na Kigosi. Filamu inahusu wachungaji wawili wanaotumia shida za waumini wao kama sehemu ya mtaji wa kuwataka aidha kimapenzi au kifedha. Filamu inaonyesha tabia za baadhi ya wachungaji bandia waliokithiri katika ulimwengu wetu. Filamu hii ni moja ya filamu zilizopata sifa kubwa katika [[filamu za Tanzania]]. <ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/fake-pastors {{BASEPAGENAME}}] katika [[Bongo Cinema.com]]</ref> Filamu imetengenezwa na [[Doroth Kipeja]] na kampuni yake ya Tripod Media. ==Hadithi== Filamu inaanza na vijana wawili watanashati Patrick (Vicent Kigosi) na Petro (Adam Kuambiana) waliohitumu [[Chuo Kikuu cha Mzumbe]], [[Morogoro]]. Akilini mwao wanaelewa kitu kimoja tu walichoambiwa tangu utotoni kuwa ukiwa na shahada maisha yatakuwa rahisi jambo ambalo baada ya kuingia mitaani wanakuta ni tofauti kwani hakuna ajira na maisha yanakuwa magumu sana kwao. Baada ya kutembea katika ofisi moja hadi nyingine wakitafuta kazi bila mafanikio, hatimaye wanagundua kuanzisha kanisa ndio suluhisho pekee walilobakiza. Hivyo wanaamua kuwa wachungaji wa bandia (Fake Pastors). Dhima ya kuanzisha kanisa ilikuwa ni kujitajirisha badala ya kumtumikia Mungu, kazi yao inakuwa ni kuwakamua waumini fedha na mali walizonazo. Kwakufanya hivyo wanajikusanyia utajiri mkubwa hasa baada ya misada kuanzia kuingia kutoka nje kwa wahisani, baadala ya kufanya kazi ya Mungu wao wanazitumia fedha hizo katika anasa wakilewa pombe na malaya na ifikapo asubuhi wanahubiri injili kama kawaida na kuwafanya waumini wazidi kuwaamini. Baadaye walijiingiza katika biashara haramu dawa za kulevya ndipo hapo bahati yao ilipoenda kombo na kuanguka vibaya katika hila zao. ==Washiriki== *[[Vincent Kigosi]] *[[Adam Kuambiana]] *[[Joketi Mwegelo]] *[[Lisa Jensen]] *[[Blandina Changula]] *[[Emmanuel Myamba]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Gervas Kasiga]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2007]] nj3zunewt9bvge3p04giyivf8dqi75v Chumo (filamu) 0 92814 1241015 1152919 2022-08-08T12:33:06Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{other uses|Chumo (kata)}} {{Filamu 2 | jina = Chumo | picha = ChumoFilamu.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya Chumo | mwongozaji = [[Jordan Riber]] | mtayarishaji = John na, Louise Riber | mtunzi = | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[Hussein Mkiety]] [[Yusuf Mlela]] [[Jokate Mwegelo]] [[Jafari Makati]] | muziki = Julian Gordon Hastings | sinematografi = Owen Prum | mhariri = Jordan Riber Louise Riber | msambazaji = | imetolewa = [[4 Juni]], [[2011]] | muda = 45 | nchi = [[Tanzania]] | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} '''Chumo''' ni jina la [[filamu]] iliyotoka mwaka [[2011]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Ndani yake anakuja [[Hussein Mkiety]] (Juma), [[Jokate Mwegelo]] (Amina), [[Jafari Makati]] (Ali), [[Yusuph Mlela]] (Yustus). Filamu imetayarishwa na Tanzania na kufadhiliwa na JHU-CCP kupitia Mfuko wa Rais wa kutokomeza [[Malaria]] na [[USAID]]. Chumo inawasilisha ujumbe wa malaria wakati wa ujauzito kupitia hadithi ya kusisimua ya wapenzi wenye bahati mbaya. <ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/chumo Chumo] katika [[Bongo Cinema.com]]</ref> Wawili wanapendana lakini vikwazo vya kifamilia vinapelekea mapenzi yao kuwa magumu. Filamu imeongozwa na [[Jordan Riber]] ambaye ni mtoto wa [[John Riber]] ambaye ndiye aliyetayarisha filamu ya [[Neria]] (1993) na kuongoza [[Yellow Card]] (2000). Filamu ilipata kuchaguliwa katika kinyang'aro cha tuzo za [[ZIFF]] huko Zanzibar mwaka 2011. Vilevile filamu imeshinda tuzo ya "Golden Hamster" huko nchini [[Marekani]] katika tamasha la filamu la Northwest Projections, mjini Washington. Filamu ilipata kuteuliwa katika matuzo kemkem kwa kipindi cha mwaka mmoja tangu kutolewa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chumofilm.com/ |title=Chumo katika tovuti rasmi ya filamu" |accessdate=2017-09-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912220638/http://chumofilm.com/ |archivedate=2017-09-12 }}</ref> Filamu ilizinduliwa rasmi tarehe 4 Juni, 2011 katika viwanja vya BIAFRA ambapo kulikuwa hakuna kiilingilio.<ref>[http://www.wahapahapa.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=157:chumo&Itemid=181 "Chumo katika Blogu ya Wahapahapa"]</ref> ==Hadithi== [[Picha:ChumoScreenShot.jpg|left|thumb|344x344px|Picha ya kiwambo kutoka katika filamu ikimuonesha Juma na Amina akimsihi asifanye mashindano ya kipuuzi. Juma anaonesha nia ya dhati. Ni sini inayosikitisha sana.]] Juma ni kijana mvuvi maskini anayependa kuhadithia hekaya mbalimbali. Huku Amina akiwa msichana mdogo anayependa kuhadithiwa hekaya na hadithi mbalimbali. Katika kuhadithiana kwao hekaya mbalimbali, wakajikuta wanaunda hisia za kimapenzi na kutaka kuishi pamoja kama mke na mume. Bahati mbaya, baba mzazi wa Amina, Mzee Ali, anataka maisha mema kwa binti yake. Kwa kulipinda hili, Mzee Ali anamtafutia binti yake mume, ambaye ni Yustus, kijana mwenye pesa na anayeonekana kujipendekeza mara kwa mzee Ali, lakini mbinafsi kupita maelezo. Juma anaamua kulivalia njuga suala hili, kwa kuhakikisha anapigania penzi lake kwa hali na mali. Filamu inaanza Juma akiwa baharini anavua, ghafula anatokea Yustus akiwa katika boti yake yenye injini na si kupiga kasia na kumfanyia istizahi ili kumuingiza maboya. Baadaye wanaonekana kwenda kwa mchuuzi samaki ambaye ni Mzee Ali (baba wa Amina). Yustus anapeleka samaki wa nguvu, huku na kujitia kutoa samaki wa zawadi kwa mkwe jina. Punde anakuja Juma na vijisamaki vyake, lakini Mzee Ali anakataa kwa sababu ni wadogo hawana viwango vya mauzo yake. Kisimani anaonekana mama mzazi wa Yustus (Natasha au Suzan Lewis) anampigia chapuo kijana wake Yustus amuoe Amina huku salam za kuitwa mkwe zikipamba moto. Dhahiri Yustus anamzidi kete Juma, lakini kwa bahati mbaya, Amina anakuja na salam za kumueleza Juma kama ni mjamzito. Suala hili linakuwa gumu kupatana kwa wawili wale hasa ukiangalia Amina bado anaishi kwa wazazi, Juma nae hana baba wala mama ni yatima na kipato chake jau. Nyumbani kwa kina Amina, Yustus anaonekana kutawala kaya ile, punde mzee Ali anamwita bintiye na kumruhusu aondoke na Yustus pembeni kwa mazungumzo ya faragha. Tukio hili Juma analiona na Juma mwenye hasira akamvamia Yustus kwa mikwara mizito kumzuia asijihusishe na Amina. Bila mafanikio Juma anashindwana na Yustus kwa kila hali. Amina akiwa chumbani na Juma, anamweleza ya kwamba hali ya ujauzito inazidi kukua na hawezi kujificha tena. Juma anaamua kumwendea Mzee Ali, kumweleza ya moyoni. Mzee Ali bado aliendelea msimamo wake wa kutaka mali na si utu kama awali. Licha ya Juma kutoa ahadi ya kujituma ili ashinde penzi lake, bado Mzee Ali aliendelea kumkatisha tamaa. Huko Baa, Juma anamfuata Yustus na kuanza kumwomba mashindano ya kucheza pulu tebo, hii Juma anashinda. Lakini baada ya kumaliza, Juma anaenda mbali zaidi kwa kuwekeana ahadi za mashindano zaidi hata katika kuvua na kumgombania Amina. Juma anataka kila mmoja wao aoneshe uwezo halisi alionao na si hila. Atakayeshindwa, Amina atachagua pa kwenda na si mabavu tena. Wakiwa majini, huku nyumbani Amina anaunguka na kuwahishwa kituo cha afya cha karibu. Majibu yanakuja alikuwa ana homa kali iliyopelekea mtoto kufariki. Kule baharini, Juma anafanikiwa kupata samaki mkubwa, lakini Yustus anamfanyia kwa kumtupia baruti katika mtumbwi wake ili apoteze maisha. Yustus anarudi nchi kavu na samaki mkubwa mmoja na wadogo wengi, anakutana na Mzee Ali na kuanza kuuliza habari za Amina. Ali anauliza Juma yu wapi, majibu ya Yustus yanamkatisha tamaa Mzee Ali na kumweleza hakuna sherehe mpaka Juma arudi. Punde Juma anatokea na samaki mkubwa kabisa, ikawa furaha kwa Mzee Ali. Kwa furaha, Mzee Ali anamwambia Juma lazima ukamuone Amina katika kliniki ya karibu. Huko kliniki, Amina anampa Juma taarifa juu ya kilichotokea katika homa yake. Anampa salam za masikitiko ya kwamba wamepoteza mtoto jambo lililotokana na kutohudhuria mapema kliniki pindi tu, unaposhika ujauzito. Waliombana misamaha na kusameheana. Filamu inaishia wawili hao wakiona ufukwenu mwa [[bahari ya Hindi]] na kuishi maisha ya furaha. ==Washiriki== *[[Hussein Mkiety]] - (Juma) *[[Yusuf Mlela]] - (Yustus) *[[Jokate Mwegelo]] - (Amina) *[[Jafari Makati]] - (Ali) *[[Susan Lewis]] - (Mama Yustus) == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Jordan Riber]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2010]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2011]] 58n4bbufytsxxwawv6fskhxyt8fbf4k Glamour 0 92817 1241028 1222952 2022-08-08T12:45:12Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = {{PAGENAME}} | picha = GlamourFilamu.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya {{PAGENAME}} | mwongozaji = [[Amitabh Aurora]] | mtayarishaji = [[Javed Jafferji]] | mtunzi = | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[Eva Issack]] [[Bond Bin Suleiman]] [[Tekla Mjata]] [[Mustafa Hassanali]] [[Edward Chogula]] | muziki = | sinematografi = | mhariri = | msambazaji = | imetolewa = [[3 Novemba]], [[2011]] | muda = 86 | nchi = [[Tanzania]] | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} ''''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni jina la [[filamu]] iliyotoka [[mwaka]] [[2011]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Ndani yake anakuja [[Eva Issack]], [[Bond Bin Suleiman]], [[Tekila Mjata]], [[Mustafa Hassanali]], [[Edward Chogula]]. Imeongozwa na [[Amitabh Aurora]] na kutayarishwa na [[Javed Jafferji]]. Filamu inahusu masuala ya urembo na uanamitindo. Hasa kule kuwa na nia ya dhati juu ya kile unachokiamini na mwishowe kufanikiwa. Filamu inamzungumzia Sophia binti aliyelelewa katika mazingira ya dini ya [[Kiislamu]] na baadaye kujihusisha na masuala ya urembo ilhali malezi yake yanamkataza. Anapitia mazogo kadha wa kadha, hatimaye anafanikiwa katika nia yake ya kuwa mrembo mashuhuri. <ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/glamour {{BASEPAGENAME}}] katika [[Bongo Cinema.com]]</ref><ref>[http://bongofilmdatabase.blogspot.com/2012/01/glamour-filamu-inayogusa-maisha-halisi.html {{PAGENAME}}] katika Bongo Film Database - [[Blogu]].</ref> Pamoja na mafanikio hayo, bado alijiona yeye bora zaidi na kujiingiza katika anasa za maisha zilizopelekea kuishia pabaya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bongocelebrity.com/2011/03/29/glamourfirst-high-quality-bongo-movie-from-zanzibar/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2017-09-15 |archivedate=2015-03-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324041746/http://www.bongocelebrity.com/2011/03/29/glamourfirst-high-quality-bongo-movie-from-zanzibar/ }} katika Bongo Celebrity Blogu</ref> ==Hadithi== Sophie ni binti wa Kizanzibari aliyekuzwa katika mazingira yenye misingi mizuri ya dini ya [[Uislamu|Kiislamu]] ambaye siku zote alivaa vazi rasmi kwa wanawake ama binti wa Kiisilamu la hijab. Katika maisha yake hajapatapo kuwahi kuona wala kuwa na hata nakala moja ya picha yake kutoka na hali kuwa si nzuri kimaisha katika familia yake yote kiujumla. Siku moja mtaani tu anapigwa picha na mgeni mtalii aliyekwenda kutembea kisiwani Zanzibar. Sophia alipoiona picha hiyo kwa mara ya kwanza tu alipenda. Hali hii ilimtia hamasa ya kutaka kupiga picha maishani mwake mote na hata kuonelea awe mwanamitindo kama kina [[Naomi Campbell]] ambao awali alikuwa akiwaona katika televisheni. Azimio hili lilileta ukakasi kwa mama yake mzazi, hakupendezewa nalo na kukataa katakata bintiye kutofanya maamuzi hayo. Lakini bahati mbaya mama anafariki dunia na binti anajikuta hakuwa wa kumsimamia wala kumkanya, ndipo anapoazimia kwenda jijini [[Dar es Salaam]] na kumtafuta mmoja ya wasimamizi wakubwa wa wanamitndo jijini huko Mustafa Hassanali. Akiwa huko, alifanikiwa kupokelewa vizuri na wakala huyo, lakini baadaye analewa sifa na kujikuta anaacha kufuatilia kilichompeleka kujawa na anasa za maisha hali iliyopeleka kupata mazito katika maisha. ==Washiriki== *Eva Issack *Bond Bin Suleiman *Tekla Mjata *Mustafa Hassanali *Edward Chogula == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Amitabh Aurora]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2011]] m9hea04i1m4sha4gzfdly0kssdyg0rc Diversion of Love 0 92835 1241019 1011331 2022-08-08T12:36:43Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = {{PAGENAME}} | picha = Diversion of LoveFilamu.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya {{PAGENAME}} | mwongozaji = [[William Mtitu]] | mtayarishaji = 5 Effects Movies | mtunzi = Nicolaus Mtitu | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[Lucy Komba]] [[Yusuph Mlela]] [[Irene Uwoya]] [[Wasiwasi Mwabulambo]] [[Ahmedi Olotu]] Denis Ngakongwa | muziki = | sinematografi = | mhariri = [[John Kalaghe]] | msambazaji = [[Steps Entertainment]] | imetolewa = 2006 | muda = | nchi = [[Tanzania]] | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} ''''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni jina la filamu iliyotoka mwaka 2006 kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Ndani yake anakuja [[Lucy Komba]], [[Yusuph Mlela]], [[Irene Uwoya]], [[Wasiwasi Mwabulambo]], [[Ahmedi Olotu]] na Denis Ngakongwa. Filamu inahusu misukosuko katika ndoa. Jane (Lucy Komba) na James (Mlela) walikula kiapo cha ndoa kutoacha hadi kifo. Lakini baadaye yanatokea matatizo na mambo kwenda ndivyo sivyo.<ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/diversion-of-love {{PAGENAME}} katika tovuti y"] Bongo Cinema.com</ref> Filamu ni utunzi wake Nicolaus Mtitu, huku dialojia ikiandikwa na [[Kulwa Kikumba]], picha na mhariri ni [[John Kalaghe]], na kutayarishwa na 5 Effects Movies. Imeongozwa na Mtitu Game. ==Washiriki== *[[Lucy Komba]] *[[Yusuph Mlela]] *[[Irene Uwoya]] * [[Wasiwasi Mwabulambo]] *[[Ahmedi Olotu]] *Denis Ngakongwa == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na William Mtitu]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2006]] 5a5k5myi32s2x3dc2tb6xdgg7cy6dx8 Girlfriend (filamu) 0 92863 1241026 1188828 2022-08-08T12:41:26Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = Girlfriend | picha = GirlfriendFilamu.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya Girlfriend | mwongozaji = [[George Tyson]] | mtayarishaji = [[Sultan Tamba]] Kessa Mwambeleko | mtunzi = Sultan Tamba | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[TID]] [[Yvonne Cherryl]] [[Jay Moe]] [[King Crazy GK]] [[A.Y.]] [[Beatrice Morris]] | muziki = [[P. Funk]] | sinematografi = | mhariri = Robert Kiata | msambazaji = GMC Wasanii Promoters | imetolewa = [[24]], [[Mei]], [[2003]] | muda = | nchi = [[Tanzania]] | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} '''Girlfriend''' ni jina la [[filamu]] iliyotoka [[mwaka]] [[2003]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Filamu inahusu muziki na maisha na ndani yake anakuja [[TID]], [[Yvonne Cherrie]] (Monalisa), [[Beatris Morris]] (Nina), [[Jay Moe]], [[A.Y]] na [[King Crazy GK]]. Filamu inaonesha jitihada binafsi katika kile unachokiamini na mwisho wa siku unatusua. Picha linaanza TID maisha magumu, harakati kila siku, huku ana mpenzi wake wa karibu mara kulala na njaa, mara hivi. Basi tu ilimradi maisha ya bahati nasibu. Hatimaye wakatoka katika namna ya kipekee licha ya majaribu kadhaa yaliyoonekana katika kipindi kigumu cha maisha yao. Filamu ina kibwagizo chake kinaitwa Girlfriend ambacho kiliimbwa na TID akishirikiana na Jay Moe kutoka [[Bongo Records]].<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p84TwLHSTGU Wimbo wa Girlfriend katika] [[YouTube]]</ref><ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/index.php/movies/view/girlfriend Girlfriend] katika [[Bongo Cinema.com]]</ref> ==Hadithi== Filamu inaanza Eric (T.I.D) akiwa nyumbani anasikiliza Sister Sister ya King Crazy GK kwa zogo kubwa. Ghafula Zuena (Yvonne Cherrie) anaingia kuzima mazogo yale. Zeuna anamsihi mpenziwe atafute kazi ya kufanya na si hiyo ya muziki. Eric anaamini katika muziki na kamwe hawezi kuacha muziki. Zuena anaona muziki hauna faida yoyote kwa Eric, kwani hata kodi inamshinda kulipa. Mazungumzo yao hatimaye wakakubaliana kwenda ote katika kilabu ya muziki. Huko kilabuni, hakuwa kwenye ratiba, anabahatisha kutumbuiza. Kilabuni anaonekana Ndende, Jay Moe. Jahffarie, Sista P., G.K. anayebughudhi wasichana kilabuni hapo akiwa na A.Y. Stella (Nina) anamshawishi Zuena aachane na Eric kwa vile hana kitu. Bila mafanikio. AY anamwona Zuena na kujaribu kumkuwadia GK. Eric bado hali mbaya katika kukubaliwa kutumbuiza. GK na AY wanarudi tena kuja kumbughudhi Zuena. Zuena anahofia nongwa na Eric na kuamua kuwatimua wawili wale. Kilabuni kunazuka ugomvi kila sehemu, GK na AY wanaleta fujo, hawataki kulipa pesa za vinywaji walivyokunywa. Hadi mwisho, Eric kabaniwa kutumbuiza kule kilabuni. Nyumbani kwa GK kinanuka kati ya Stella na mwanamke mwengine (Joan). GK kagonganisha magari. Nyumbani kwa Sam (kakake Eric), malumbano makubwa ndani ya nyumba. Amekuwa kisirani kiasi hata mkewe anaoiona hiyo hali. ==Washiriki== *[[TID]] *[[Yvonne Cherrie]] *[[Beatris Morris]] *[[Jay Moe]] *[[A.Y]] *[[King Crazy GK]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na George Tyson]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizotayarishwa na Sultan Tamba]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2003]] rqieg05igs75qtks0xmqknaxxpyk3lp Kona 0 92956 1241036 1147035 2022-08-08T12:49:36Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = {{PAGENAME}} | picha = KonaFilamu.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya {{PAGENAME}} | mwongozaji = [[Salim Ahmed]] | mtayarishaji = Christian Komba | mtunzi = Salim Ahmed | mwadithiaji = | nyota = Ahmed Salim [[Riyama Ally]] [[Christian Komba]] | muziki = | sinematografi = | mhariri = | msambazaji = [[Steps Entertainment]] | imetolewa = [[30 Mei]], [[2015]] | muda = | nchi = [[Tanzania]] | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} ''''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni jina la filamu iliyotoka mwaka 2015 kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Ndani yake anakuja [[Salim Ahmed]] (Gabo), [[Riyama Ally]] na [[Christian Komba]]. Filamu imeongozwa na Gabo na kutayarishwa na Christian Komba huku picha ikipigwa na Landline Production. Filamu ilitengenezwa mwaka 2014 huko wilayani [[Songea]] katika mkoa wa [[Ruvuma]] na kusambazwa na [[Steps Entertainment]] kwa Tanzania nzima. Muswaada andishi umeandikwa na [[Patrick Komba]]. Filamu inaelezea umuhimu wa malezi ya pande zote mbili za wazazi ili kusimamia elimu imara kwa mtoto.<ref>[http://www.bongomovies.com/full-interview-gabo-zigamba-akizungumzia-filamu-yake-ya-kona-3/ Mahojiano ya Gabo] juu ya Kona katika Bongo Movies wavuti</ref><ref>[http://hivisasa.co.tz/filamu/kona Kona katika watuvi ya] {{Wayback|url=http://hivisasa.co.tz/filamu/kona |date=20180613163941 }} Hivi Sasa</ref> ==Hadithi== Kijana Zazuba aliyekuwa anaishi na mjomba wake, hakuwa na kipato kikubwa lakini malengo yake yalikuwa mwanaye asome hadi Chuo Kikuu. Kwa mujibu wa sheria mtoto huyo iliamriwa akae na mama yake. Mtoto huyo anakosa uangalizi mzuri katika masomo yake na umakini katika malezi maana muda mwingi bibi na mama yake wana shughuli nyingi za biashara ya pombe. Siku moja mtoto anakunywa pombe ya gongo iliyoachwa na mlevi, mwishowe anapoteza maisha kwa ungalizi mdogo. ==Washiriki== *[[Salim Ahmed]] *[[Riyama Ally]] *[[Christian Komba]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Salim Ahmed]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2015]] hg9qu9ift1shmdujzxfp3zz03kr3rf2 Dar 2 Lagos 0 92988 1241018 1134170 2022-08-08T12:35:28Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = {{PAGENAME}} | picha = Dar-2-Lagosfilamu.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya {{PAGENAME}} | mwongozaji = [[Femi Ogedegbe]] | mtayarishaji = [[Mtitu Game]] | mtunzi = [[Steven Kanumba]] | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[Steven Kanumba]] [[Emmanuel Myamba]] [[Mercy Johnson]] [[Nancy Okeke]] Abdul Ahmed | muziki = | sinematografi = | mhariri = | msambazaji = | imetolewa = [[30 Novemba]], [[2006]] | muda = 156 | nchi = [[Tanzania]] [[Nigeria]] | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] [[Kiingereza]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} ''''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni jina la [[filamu]] iliyotoka mwaka [[2006]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Ndani yake anakuja [[Mercy Johnson]], [[Steven Kanumba]], [[Bimbo Akintola]], David Manento, [[Nancy Okeke]], [[Blandina Changula|Blandina Changula]],Abdul Ahmed na [[Emmanuel Myamba]]. Hii ni filamu ya kwanza kutoka Tanzania yenye kushirikisha wasanii kutoka [[Nigeria]]. Tangu hapa, ikawa kawaida sana kwa Kanumba kushirikiana na wasanii wa Nigeria. Filamu imeongozwa na [[Femi Ogedegbe]] kutoka Nigeria na kutayarishwa na Mtitu Game. Muswaada andishi ni kazi ya Kanumba ambaye ndiye aliyetunga hadithi ya filamu huu. Filamu inahusu ndugu wawili wa baba mmoja lakini mama tofauti wanajikuta wanaweka mahusiano ya kimapenzi, hatimaye wanajua kuwa wao ni ndugu na suala la ndoa linakufia hapo. <ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/dar-2-lagos {{BASEPAGENAME}}] katika [[Bongo Cinema.com]]</ref> Filamu imetengenezwa na Game First Quality Production ya [[William Mtitu]]. Filamu ilizinduliwa katika ukumbi wa [[Diamond Jubilee]] jijini [[Dar es Salaam]] kwa burudani mbalimbali kutoka kwa wasanii tofauti wa maigizo na muziki wa dansi walikuwepo [[Twanga Pepeta]] na Twanga Chipolopolo.<ref>[http://gallus-tz.blogspot.com/2006/11/filamu-ya-kimataifa-ya-kanumba.html uzinduzi wa {{PAGENAME}}] [[Dar es Salaam]] mnamo [[30 Novemba]], [[Diamond Jubilee]].</ref> ==Hadithi== Filamu inaanza Kanumba anaingia duka la kuuza DVD tayari kwa kupata nakala kwa ajili ya kujitafutia riziki yake. Anachukua mzigo kisha anarudi kijiweni kwake na kugawiana na wenziwe ili kila mmoja akajifutie. Baadaye anaonekana Kelvin (Abdul Ahmed) akipigana na mmoja kati ya watu ambao Kanumba anawatumia kuuza CD. Anaamulia ugomvi ule na kuwafanya waondoe hasira zao na kuwa furaha. Jambo hili linamvutia Mzee Maganga (Manento) na kumsifu aendelee na moyo huo. Nyumbani kunaonekana malumbano ya kwenda kazini kati ya Kelvin na Kanumba, hatima Kelvin kagoma licha ya kusaidiwa. Kanumba aliyechangikiwa anaongea peke yake njiani akitafakari ya Kelvin, pembezoni mwa mtaa Mzee Maganga anamwona na kumsimamisha Kanumba. Kama kawaida yake, alimpa usia na mwisho wa siku alimwalika nyumbani kwake. Huko nyumbani Kanumba anashangazwa na ukubwa wa nyumba na jinsi Mzee Maganga anavyojiweka mtaani. Maganga anamhadithia Kanumba kuwa yeye ni mwanajeshi mstaafu aliyetumikia sehemu mbalimbali. Maganga anaendelea kumhadithia Kaumba ya kwamba aliwahi kuoa mke wa Kinigeria na kuzaa watoto wawili wa kike, lakini hawajadumu sana katika ndoa akaondoa kwao Nigeria. Vilevile ana mtoto wa kiume ana Raymond ambaye mama yake ni Mtanzania. Yule wa Kinigeria aliondoka Nigeria na mabinti zake wote wawili. Siku kadhaa mbele, Mzee Maganga anamwomba Kanumba aende Nigeria kuwatafuta watoto zake ili aweze kutambulishwa Kanumba katika familia. Anamwelezea Raymond nae yupo Nigeria kaenda kutafuta maisha. Kanumba anaenda kushauriana na nduguze juu ya safari, marafiki na mpenzi wake wanabariki safari. Lakini Kelvin bado anatia kinyongo kwa kumtia maneno ya hofu dhidi ya safari na na nia ya dhati ya Mzee Maganga. Hatimaye Kanumba anasafiri Nigeria na kufikia hoteli ambayo Mzee alimtaka afikie. Huko Nigeria, anaonekana Raymond na mpenzi wake ambaye anamdoea waoane, lakini binti anaona bado mapema na Raymond hakuwa mwazi katika maisha yake yeye na wazazi wake. Azimio linapita la kuchunguzana na hakuna kutenda lolote bila ndoa. Kanumba anakuwa mwenyeji hotelini pale, anajenga urafiki wa karibu na Stella ambaye ni meneja wa hoteli ile. Stella anaomba kwenda matembezi na Kanumba, anakubali, lakini anakumbuka alitakiwa asafishe picha ambazo alipewa vivuli vyake na Mzee Maganga - picha ambazo zingemsaidia kuwatambua hao nduguze aliokuja kuwatafuta. Bahati mbaya zimefagiwa na msafishaji wa hotelini. Stella anamtuliza, na kumhisihi waende matembezi. Huko kwa Raymond na mpenziwe, kimenuka. Raymond anawaka, bado hataki kuwa mwazi ila anapayuka kwanini hakuna uroda mpaka kuoana. Msimamo wa Ester ni lazima Raymond amtambulishe kwa wazee wake. Raymond anaonekana kushikilia misimamo yake isiothabiti. Siku inayofuta Kanumba anaanza safari ya kutafuta anwani aliyopewa na Mzee Maganga ili ajue ni wapi walipo dada zake. Bila mafanikio, anaamua kurudi hoteli. Huko hotelini, anakuja yule binti aliyemsaidia siku za mwanzo katika kumpatia chakula ambacho hakina pilipili nyingi (Shola). Shola, anaonesha mahaba ya waziwazi kwa Kanumba, lakini Kanumba haoneshi kukubaliana na hilo. Wanatoka ote nje kwa ajili ya chakula cha mchana. Nyumbani kwa kina Ester, Raymond asiyechoka, anaenda na gea ya kutaka kumvisha pete ya uchumba Ester, lakini inashindikana kwa vile Ester kabaki na misimamo yake thabiti ya bila wazee kutambulishwa hakuna ndoa. Punde, anaingia Stella na Kanumba, wanatambulishana. Ester anamlalamikia dada yake anachofanya Raymond, Stella anakomaa kama mdogo mtu anavyotaka au kama vipi ndoa isiwe. Chumbani, Stella anamsejuzi Kanumba ahamie kwake badala ya kukaa hotelini. Kanumba anamtosa, anaona ni udume suruali kwa Mtanzania kukaa kwa mwanamke. Hatimaye Kanumba kalegeza na kuamua kumsaliti mpenzi wake wa Tanzania kwa kwenda kuishi na Stella. Jioni yake, wote wanne wanaaenda matembezi, huko Baa, mashauzi ya lugha za Kiswahili yanaanza, Stella, Ester na Kanumba wanatia maneno ya Kiswahili katikati ya maongezi. Mabinti wanaenda faragha, wanabaki wanaume, punde ukweli unakuwa uchi kwa Raymond kujitambulisha kama yeye ni Mtanzania kabisa huku akimtaka Kanumba afanye siri maongezi yao. Kanumba anaendelea na kuwatafuta nduguze bila mafanikio. Anampigia simu mzee na kumfahamisha anataka kurudi, katika maongezi anataja majina ya Kitanzania ya Misoji na Mihayo Maganga, Stella anastuka na kumwuliza unawajua hao unaosema ni marafiki kwa macho? Kanumba anajibalaguza, bila majibu yaliyonyooka anaamua kwenda kupumzika. Mazungumzo baina ya Kanumba na Raymond yanaendelea vizuri kwa kufunguka kupita maelezo. Mahusiano ya Kanumba na Stella yanaingia doa baada ya Kanumba kuwa anapiga simu zenye kutia mashaka kwa Stella. Simu zimegubikwa na usiri mzito kiasi kumvuruga Stella na kupitisha azimio la kutaka kila mtu aende na zake lakini Stella anaamua kuwa mpole ili kulinda pendo. Kanumba kaendelea na usiri wake hadi kufikia hatua ya kupekua vitu vya chumbani kwa Stella, hilo limemuuma Stella. Kanumba katimuliwa nyumbani kwa Stella nakuamua kurudi hotelini. Siku ya pili Kanumba kaatisha kikao kwa wanne wale, Raymond, Stella na Ester na kuelezea kila kitu na kipi kilichomleta. Hatimaye ukweli unakuwa wazi na Ester anajua kama Raymond ni kaka yake. Vilio vinaanza na majonzi mazito miongoni mwao. Kanumba anaomba msamaha kwa wenzie, anawaelezea aliagizwa awe msiri katika safari hii. Isingekuwa rahisi kutoa au kulezea kila aliloazimia na mzee. Pia mzee anawataka warudi. Raymond anaambiwa mzee amekusamehe siku nyingi. Anatakiwa arudi nyumbani. Stella anaazimia kuvunja uchumba wa Raymond na Ester. Anawaambia ni mwiko kuoana kwa kaka na dada. Kanumba anamwomba msamaha Stella kwa yote aliyoyafanya na bado anampenda kwa dhati kutoka moyoni. Picha inaishia Kanumba na Raymond wanarudi Tanzania, Ester na ahadi za kurudi Tanzania ili kumuona baba yake na ujumbe wa kuwa bado anampenda baba yake. Shola kaachwa kwenye mataa baada ya kwenda hoteli na kukutana na barua ya Kanumba inayomwomba msamaha wa kuondoka bila kumuaga. ==Washiriki== *[[Mercy Johnson]] *[[Steven Kanumba]] *[[Bimbo Akintola]] *David Manento *Abdul Ahmed *[[Nancy Okeke]] *[[Blandina Changula]] *[[Emmanuel Myamba]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Femi Ogedegbe]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2006]] 0fgnxpggr12z046m6jxetw2702chpxj Tom Boy – Jike Dume 0 93186 1241049 1012838 2022-08-08T12:59:17Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = | picha = Tom_BoyFilamu.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya {{PAGENAME}} | mwongozaji = [[Ismail Zingo]] | mtayarishaji = Nice Entertainment Mtaya. Mtendaji: [[Steps Entertainment]] | mtunzi = Nice Mohamed | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[Seif Mbembe]] [[Abdallah Mkumbila]] [[Jaqueline Wolper]] [[Nice Mohamed]] | muziki = | sinematografi = [[Kabuti Onyango]] | mhariri = | msambazaji = Steps Entertainment | imetolewa = 2014 | muda = | nchi = | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} '''"Tom Boy – Jike Dume"''' ni jina la [[filamu]] iliyotoka [[2014]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Filamu inachezwa na [[Seif Mbembe]], [[Abdallah Mkumbila]], [[Jaqueline Wolper]] na [[Nice Mohamed]]. Filamu imeongozwa na [[Ismail Zingo]] na kutayarishwa na [[Nice Mohamed]] akiwa na [[Steps Entertainment]]. Filamu inahusu mwanamke mmoja anayejita mwanaume ilhali ni mwanamke. Kupenda na kutenda mambo ya kiume.<ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/tom-boy-jike-dume {{PAGENAME}}] katika [[Bongo Cinema]].</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 2014]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Ismail Zingo]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] 937s5yfuf5onrrz4o596n3ny455rjot Hard Price 0 93205 1241032 1013231 2022-08-08T12:46:56Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = | picha = Hard_PriceFilamu.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya {{PAGENAME}} | mwongozaji = [[Vincent Kigosi]] | mtayarishaji = RJ Company Mtaya. Mtendaji: [[Steps Entertainment]] | mtunzi = [[Ally Yakuti]] | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[Jaqueline Wolper]] [[Vincent Kigosi]] [[Salim Ahmed]] [[Richard Masinde]] Salma Omar [[Grace Mapunda]] Sabrina Tamim | muziki = Mbwana Mponda | sinematografi = Razak Ford | mhariri =Mandela J. Ongati | msambazaji = Steps Entertainment | imetolewa = 2014 | muda = | nchi = | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} '''"Hard Price"''' ni jina la [[filamu]] iliyotoka [[2014]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Filamu inachezwa na [[Jacqueline Wolper]], [[Vincent Kigosi]],[[Salim Ahmed]], Salma Omar, Magdalena Munis na [[Richard Masinde]]. Filamu imeongozwa na [[Vincent Kigosi]] na kutayarishwa na [[RJ Company]] akiwa na [[Steps Entertainment]]. Filamu inahusu matata ya wanandoa na uimara wake. Wapo waume ambao si madhubuti katika ndoa na wale ambao wanachukulia familia kama kitu cha kwanza kabla ya vingine.<ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/hard-price {{PAGENAME}}] katika [[Bongo Cinema]].</ref> ==Hadithi== Filamu inaanza Patricia (Wolper) yupo hospitali anapewa majibu kama ni mjamzito. Bila furaha, anaondoka hospitalini. Huko baa, Justine (Kigosi) na David (Salim Ahmed), wanajadili maisha, lakini Justine anaonekana kuingizia masuala ya michepuko. David anaonekana kumuasa aache masuala ya wanawake, lakini inagonga mwamba na Justine anachukua msichana (Angel) na kwenda kulala nae hadi asubuhi ilhali mkewe nyumbani kalala peke yake. Asubuhi yake Patricia, anaenda kazini kwa mumewe, lakini David anaonekana kumtetea sahib wake dhidi ya tabia yake. Kesi imefika hadi kwa bosi mkubwa, kwa hekima na busara, Patricia aliomba msaada wa bosi amsaidie tatizo la mumewe la kutorudi nyumbani. Wakati anatoka ofisini kurudi nyumbani, anakutana na mumewe kwenye ngazi na Justine bila salaam kaanza lawama na vitisho. Kwa unyenyekevu, mke kakubali yakaishe nyumbani. Baada ya kupata makanyo kutoka kwa bosi na rafiki yake wa karibu, anaamua kurudi nyumbani na kuyamaliza na mama watoto. Katika mazungumzo, Patricia kagusia kama ana mimba. Hapa sasa kivumbi kimeanza, hali ikabadilika na Justine akaanzisha zengwe la kutotaka ile mimba.Ray mwenye hasira anaazimia kutolewa kwa mimba mkwa nguvu zote na vitisho na kumwacha Patricia akiwa katika wakati mgumu. Huko baa, David na Justine wanajadili madhila ya familia ya Justine, kama ilivyo-ada Justine sio muelewa katika masuala ya kuweka sawa familia licha ya David kumsihi kwa hali na mali. Bado maelewano hakuna ndani ya nyumba, Justine analala nje, anarudi nyumbani asubuhi kubadili nguo. Jambo hili linapelekea Patricia aombe kurudi kazini badala ya kushinda nyumbani bila shughuli ilhali hakuna mtoto wa kulea. Hata hivyo, msimamo wa Justine bado mkali katika ukandamizi dhidi ya mwanamke. Anaonesha ubabe na dharau kwa mwanamke yaani ile waziwazi. Suala hili akaona kheri amshtakie tena shemeji yake (David), anamweleza mume hataki mtoto na pindi atakavyokuwa na mimba maelewano hakuna hadi mimba ikiwa imetolewa. David anamshauri Patricia awe na subra. Huko kazini Justine anatengeneza mazingira ya kuwa wa kwanza kupata habari pindi mkewe anapoenda ofisini kupeleka malalamiko. Huko kambini pa wasichana, Angel anarudi kundini kusalimia kwa mbwembwe akijinasibu anamchuna Justine. Licha ya majigambo, wenziwe wanamkumbusha Angel kuwa haya ni maisha tu. Justine anapata ajali na kupata ulemavu. Patricia anamsimanga kwa maneno makali dhidi ya vitendo vyake vya awali. Angel anarudi tena mjengoni mwa marafiki zake, huku vicheko vikitokea kwa mashoga zake juu ya majigambo yake yaliyokufa. Walimnanga na mwishowe wakamtimua.Anaamua kwenda kazini kwa Justine, anakutana na David na kumpatia kiasi cha pesa huku akimwahidi kutafuta namna ya kuwasiliana na Justine kwa msaada zaidi. Nyumbani kwa Justine, anaonekana kulipunguza nongwa, kawa mtiifu na kumuomba mkewe amzalie watoto. Bila majibu Patricia anaondoka zake kazini. Yule shogake Angel, Marry, kumbe ni changudoa, anamshawishi Angel waende kujiuza licha ya kuwa mjazimto.Wanakamatwa na kutiwa ndani, lakini baadaye anaachiwa huru peke yake hasa kwa kufuatia hali yake. Anaamua kumpigia simu David, wanapanga kukutana lakini bahati mbaya Angel anavamiwa na machangudoa wenye hasira na kumjeruhi hadi kulazwa hospitali. David analipa pesa za huduma, na hatimaye kumrudisha nyumbani. Huko kuna taarifa chumba chake kimefungwa, hali hiyo inamshtua inapelekea kupata uchungu wa kujifungua. David anapandishwa cheo na kuhamishwa kikazi nchini [[Afrika Kusini]]. Angel anajifungua salama, na kurudi nyumbani kwa mama aliyemsaidia (Grace Mapunda). Anampa kazi kama msaidizi wake wa kuuza gongo. Justine anarudi kazini lakini anashtushwa na taarifa ya David kuhamishwa kikazi bila taarifa. Nyumba ambayo Angel anaishi, yule mama anamwomba awe mtoto wake wa hiari. Kwani tangu kuzaliwa hajawahi kupata mtoto. Nyumbani kwa Justine, wanapanga mipango ya kupata mtoto. Kwa pamoja wanakubaliana katika hili.Kule kwa mama Angel, kunaonekana mtoto amekua sasa, anaitwa Jimmy. Nyumbani kwa Justine, mimba hazishiki tena! ==Washiriki== *Jaqueline Wolper *Vincent Kigosi *Salim Ahmed *Richard Masinde *Salma Omar *Grace Mapunda *Sabrina Tamim == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 2014]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Vincent Kigosi]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] km0787apxwy22ej36vhipqco1iahwfb Crazy Desire 0 94189 1241016 1016631 2022-08-08T12:34:09Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = {{PAGENAME}} | picha = Crazy_DesireFilamu.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya {{PAGENAME}} | mwongozaji = Frank G. Lutego | mtayarishaji = F. Njue | mtunzi = Frank Lutego | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[Jaqueline Wolper]] [[Abdul Ahmed]] [[Charles Magari]] Shani Aliphani Alice Bagenzi | muziki = | sinematografi = Peter Mutiso | mhariri = | msambazaji = | imetolewa = 2013 | muda = | nchi = [[Tanzania]] | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} '''"Crazy Desire"''' ni jina la [[filamu]] iliyotoka [[2013]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Filamu inachezwa na [[Jacqueline Wolper|Jacline Wolper]], [[Abdul Ahmed]], [[Charles Magali]], Shani Aliphani na Alice Bagenzi. Filamu imeongozwa na [[Frank Lutego]] ambaye pia amesimama kama mtayarishwa wa filamu hii. Filamu inamwelezia Patricia msichana mwenye uwezo mkubwa wa kifedha, ambaye anatumia pesa zake kama fimbo ya kununulia wanaume kimapenzi. Filamu inaonesha jinsi kwamba mapenzi hayahitaji pesa bali upendo wa dhati.<ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/crazy-desire {{PAGENAME}}] katika [[Bongo Cinema]].</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 2013]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Frank Lutego]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] tc8fh4hndo6fnqsco4h5dcrvljjyycr Mahaba Niue 0 94191 1241041 1016632 2022-08-08T12:51:50Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = {{PAGENAME}} | picha = Mahaba_NiueFilamu.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya {{PAGENAME}} | mwongozaji = [[Rashid Mrutu]] | mtayarishaji = [[Steps Entertainment]] na, Simulizi African Entertainment | mtunzi = Simon J. Mwapangata | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[Simon Mwapangata]] [[Jacqueline Wolper]] [[Haji Salum]] [[Zubery Mohamed]] | muziki = | sinematografi = Bakari Mtaullah | mhariri = | msambazaji = | imetolewa = 2013 | muda = | nchi = [[Tanzania]] | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} '''"{{PAGENAME}}"''' ni jina la filamu ya vichekesho iliyotoka 2013 kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Ndani yake anakuja [[Simon Mwapangata]], [[Jacqueline Wolper]], [[Haji Salum]] na [[Zubery Mohamed]]. Filamu imeongozwa na [[Rashid Mrutu]] na kutayarishwa na [[Steps Entertainment]] na Simulizi African Entertainment. Filamu inahusu mambo ya wivu kupita kiasi katika suala zima la mapenzi na kuhusu ndoa kwa wanawake warembo na changamoto zake.<ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/mahaba-niue {{PAGENAME}}] katika [[Bongo Cinema]].</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 2013]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Rashid Mrutu]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] 744h0fa1lv13c9080deneimn6dh7re4 I am Not Your Brother 0 94193 1241034 1016634 2022-08-08T12:48:45Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = {{PAGENAME}} | picha = I'm Not Your BrotherFilamu.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya {{PAGENAME}} | mwongozaji = Ema Daniel | mtayarishaji = Ombeni Kachota | mtunzi = Joseph Msambala | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[Jacqueline Wolper]] [[Joseph Mzambala]] Yekonia Watson [[Mohammed Fungafunga]] | muziki = | sinematografi = Seve | mhariri = | msambazaji = Pilipili Entertainment | imetolewa = 2013 | muda = | nchi = [[Tanzania]] | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} '''"{{PAGENAME}}"''' ni jina la filamu iliyotoka 2013 kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Ndani yake anakuja [[Jacqueline Wolper]], [[Joseph Mzambala]], Yekonia Watson, [[Mohammed Fungafunga]]. Filamu imeongozwa na [[Ema Daniel]] na kutayarishwa na Ombeni Kachota. Filamu inahusu kijana anayewaua wazazi wake ili aweze kurithi mali na mwisho wake unakuwa mbaya.<ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/i-am-not-your-brother {{PAGENAME}}] katika [[Bongo Cinema]].</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 2013]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Ema Daniel]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] 8230jppwaf70im5ral4dat0tq81v5ep Chaguo Langu 0 94222 1241014 1016709 2022-08-08T12:31:43Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = {{PAGENAME}} | picha = chaguo_langufilamu.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya {{PAGENAME}} | mwongozaji = [[Single Mtambalike]] | mtayarishaji = Bulls Entertainment | mtunzi = Single Mtambalike | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[Jacqueline Wolper]] [[Single Mtambalike]] [[Adam Kuambiana]] | muziki = | sinematografi = [[Kabuti Onyango]] | mhariri = | msambazaji = [[Steps Entertainment]] | imetolewa = 2012 | muda = | nchi = [[Tanzania]] | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} '''"{{PAGENAME}}"''' ni jina la filamu iliyotoka 2012 kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Ndani yake anakuja [[Jacqueline Wolper]], [[Single Mtambalike]] na [[Adam Kuambiana]]. Filamu imeongozwa na Mtambalike na kutayarishwa na Bulls Entertainment. Filamu inaelezea hadithi ya binti aliyelelewa katika mazingira ya dini kupita kiasi, lakini anakutana na changamoto ya kufuata tabia zisizo za kimaadili hasa mumewe kutaka avae mavazi yasiyoendana na maadili aliyokuziwa nayo. Baadaye anapata vishawishi kadhaa kutoka kwa mganga wa kienyeji na kumpoteza mumewe katika mazingira ya kichawi.<ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/chaguo-langu {{PAGENAME}}] katika [[Bongo Cinema]].</ref> ==Viungo vya Nje== *{{Youtube|id=mBsIRZp5AAQ}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 2012]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Single Mtambalike]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] 98atfd2jkw9s8zajjshzlhl99h0lshb Katrina Kaif 0 95422 1240946 1082488 2022-08-08T12:06:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:KatrinaKaif.jpg|250px|thumb|Katrina Kaif]] '''Katrina Kaif''' (kəˈʈriːnaː ˈkɛːf, alizaliwa '''Katrina Turquotte''', [[16 Julai]] [[1983]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] na [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Ana umaarufu kwa ajili ya [[kazi]] yake katika filamu za [[Kihindi]]. Alionekana hasa katika filamu za [[Bollywood]] kwa [[lugha]] kama vile [[Kitelugu]] na [[Kimalayalam]]. Mbali na kuwa moja ya waigizaji wenye kulipwa [[pesa]] ya juu, [[wanahabari]] humtambua kama mmoja ya wanatajika wenye kuvutia sana. == Marejeo == {{Commons category|Katrina Kaif}} * {{IMDb name|id=1229940}} * {{cite news|last=Choudhary|first=Anuradha|title="I'm a Barbie doll" – Katrina Kaif|url=http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/im-a-barbie-doll-katrina-kaif-2853.html|accessdate=4 March 2014|work=[[Filmfare]]|date=12 April 2013}} {{mbegu-igiza-filoamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uingereza]] 7uljm3hpkqotdnw9051ocue353r5kso 1240950 1240946 2022-08-08T12:07:19Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:KatrinaKaif.jpg|250px|thumb|Katrina Kaif]] '''Katrina Kaif''' (kəˈʈriːnaː ˈkɛːf, alizaliwa '''Katrina Turquotte''', [[16 Julai]] [[1983]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] na [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Ana umaarufu kwa ajili ya [[kazi]] yake katika filamu za [[Kihindi]]. Alionekana hasa katika filamu za [[Bollywood]] kwa [[lugha]] kama vile [[Kitelugu]] na [[Kimalayalam]]. Mbali na kuwa moja ya waigizaji wenye kulipwa [[pesa]] ya juu, [[wanahabari]] humtambua kama mmoja ya wanatajika wenye kuvutia sana. == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Katrina Kaif}} * {{IMDb name|id=1229940}} * {{cite news|last=Choudhary|first=Anuradha|title="I'm a Barbie doll" – Katrina Kaif|url=http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/im-a-barbie-doll-katrina-kaif-2853.html|accessdate=4 March 2014|work=[[Filmfare]]|date=12 April 2013}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uingereza]] rdmgnf97fa0zle08kv3nyunutbbs7iw Meli za mizigo 0 96260 1241432 1071703 2022-08-09T08:20:36Z 197.186.6.185 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Cargo Granat, Emder Hafen.jpg|thumb|Cargo Granat.]] [[Picha:Bruges Belgium Cargoship-Natasha-N-in-Dampoort-Lock-01.jpg|thumb|Meli ya mizigo Natasha huko Ubelgiji.]] [[Picha:Maersk Elba.JPG|thumb|Maersk liner.]] '''Meli za mizigo''' ni [[meli]] ambazo hutumika kubeba [[mizigo]] mbalimbali na kuisafirisha kutoka sehemu moja kwenda nyingine. Meli za mizigo za sasa ni tofauti na meli za mizigo za zamani kwani za sasa zinatengenezwa kwa [[teknolojia]] ya kisasa na zinatumia [[umeme]] kutembea, tofauti na meli za zamani zilizokuwa zikitumia [[makaa ya mawe]] ili kuweza kutembea. Meli za [[mizigo]] za kisasa zinaweza kubeba [[mizigo]] mingi na mizito kama vile [[magari]], [[mashine]] mbalimbali za [[kazi]] na kusafirisha kutoka [[bara]] moja kwenda [[bara]] jingine. Meli hizi hutumia muda mrefu kufika sehemu husika kwani kuna muda meli hizi husumbuliwa na [[dhoruba]] za majini kama vile [[mawimbi]], na muda mwingine meli hizi huhitaji kufanyiwa [[matengenezo]] ili ziweze kuendelea na [[safari]] zake. Meli hizi zipo za aina nyingi, zipo zilizotengenezwa kwa ajili ya kusafirisha [[vyakula]] na [[matunda]] ambapo ndani huwa kuna [[majokofu]] kwa ajili ya kutunza vyakula na matunda hayo ili yasiharibike njiani kwani vyakula huhitaji uangalizi mzuri ili visiharibike. Pia zipo meli za mizigo zilizotengenezwa kwa ajili ya kusafirisha [[mafuta]] kama [[petroli]] na [[dizeli]], ambapo ndani ya meli hizi kuna [[matenki]] ya kubebea [[mafuta]]. Meli huwa na mstari chini yake; mstari huo mara nyingi huwa wa [[rangi]] nyekundu au nyeusi, na mstari huu hautakiwi kuzama kabisa ndani ya maji kwani meli inaweza kuzama pale tu mstari huu utakapo zama wote ndani ya [[maji]]. Pia [[meli]] hizi hazitakiwi kutembea katika [[maji]] yenye kina kifupi kwani zinaweza kuzama. wanaopakia na kuakua mizigo katika meli huwa wanafhamika kama kuli. {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Usafiri wa maji]] r4iulhm0byhv6w5dr5e5yhhkozz5yhf 1241441 1241432 2022-08-09T09:20:36Z Kipala 107 kuondoka nyongeza isiyoeleweka vema wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Cargo Granat, Emder Hafen.jpg|thumb|Cargo Granat.]] [[Picha:Bruges Belgium Cargoship-Natasha-N-in-Dampoort-Lock-01.jpg|thumb|Meli ya mizigo Natasha huko Ubelgiji.]] [[Picha:Maersk Elba.JPG|thumb|Maersk liner.]] '''Meli za mizigo''' ni [[meli]] ambazo hutumika kubeba [[mizigo]] mbalimbali na kuisafirisha kutoka sehemu moja kwenda nyingine. Meli za mizigo za sasa ni tofauti na meli za mizigo za zamani kwani za sasa zinatengenezwa kwa [[teknolojia]] ya kisasa na zinatumia [[umeme]] kutembea, tofauti na meli za zamani zilizokuwa zikitumia [[makaa ya mawe]] ili kuweza kutembea. Meli za [[mizigo]] za kisasa zinaweza kubeba [[mizigo]] mingi na mizito kama vile [[magari]], [[mashine]] mbalimbali za [[kazi]] na kusafirisha kutoka [[bara]] moja kwenda [[bara]] jingine. Meli hizi hutumia muda mrefu kufika sehemu husika kwani kuna muda meli hizi husumbuliwa na [[dhoruba]] za majini kama vile [[mawimbi]], na muda mwingine meli hizi huhitaji kufanyiwa [[matengenezo]] ili ziweze kuendelea na [[safari]] zake. Meli hizi zipo za aina nyingi, zipo zilizotengenezwa kwa ajili ya kusafirisha [[vyakula]] na [[matunda]] ambapo ndani huwa kuna [[majokofu]] kwa ajili ya kutunza vyakula na matunda hayo ili yasiharibike njiani kwani vyakula huhitaji uangalizi mzuri ili visiharibike. Pia zipo meli za mizigo zilizotengenezwa kwa ajili ya kusafirisha [[mafuta]] kama [[petroli]] na [[dizeli]], ambapo ndani ya meli hizi kuna [[matenki]] ya kubebea [[mafuta]]. Meli huwa na mstari chini yake; mstari huo mara nyingi huwa wa [[rangi]] nyekundu au nyeusi, na mstari huu hautakiwi kuzama kabisa ndani ya maji kwani meli inaweza kuzama pale tu mstari huu utakapo zama wote ndani ya [[maji]]. Pia [[meli]] hizi hazitakiwi kutembea katika [[maji]] yenye kina kifupi kwani zinaweza kuzama. {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Usafiri wa maji]] nm6gmsr5hm4xr3p9cckad0qln6c2n62 1241442 1241441 2022-08-09T09:20:54Z Kipala 107 Protected "[[Meli za mizigo]]" ([Kuhariri=Zuia watumiaji wapya au wale ambao hawajajisajilisha] (bila mwisho)) wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Cargo Granat, Emder Hafen.jpg|thumb|Cargo Granat.]] [[Picha:Bruges Belgium Cargoship-Natasha-N-in-Dampoort-Lock-01.jpg|thumb|Meli ya mizigo Natasha huko Ubelgiji.]] [[Picha:Maersk Elba.JPG|thumb|Maersk liner.]] '''Meli za mizigo''' ni [[meli]] ambazo hutumika kubeba [[mizigo]] mbalimbali na kuisafirisha kutoka sehemu moja kwenda nyingine. Meli za mizigo za sasa ni tofauti na meli za mizigo za zamani kwani za sasa zinatengenezwa kwa [[teknolojia]] ya kisasa na zinatumia [[umeme]] kutembea, tofauti na meli za zamani zilizokuwa zikitumia [[makaa ya mawe]] ili kuweza kutembea. Meli za [[mizigo]] za kisasa zinaweza kubeba [[mizigo]] mingi na mizito kama vile [[magari]], [[mashine]] mbalimbali za [[kazi]] na kusafirisha kutoka [[bara]] moja kwenda [[bara]] jingine. Meli hizi hutumia muda mrefu kufika sehemu husika kwani kuna muda meli hizi husumbuliwa na [[dhoruba]] za majini kama vile [[mawimbi]], na muda mwingine meli hizi huhitaji kufanyiwa [[matengenezo]] ili ziweze kuendelea na [[safari]] zake. Meli hizi zipo za aina nyingi, zipo zilizotengenezwa kwa ajili ya kusafirisha [[vyakula]] na [[matunda]] ambapo ndani huwa kuna [[majokofu]] kwa ajili ya kutunza vyakula na matunda hayo ili yasiharibike njiani kwani vyakula huhitaji uangalizi mzuri ili visiharibike. Pia zipo meli za mizigo zilizotengenezwa kwa ajili ya kusafirisha [[mafuta]] kama [[petroli]] na [[dizeli]], ambapo ndani ya meli hizi kuna [[matenki]] ya kubebea [[mafuta]]. Meli huwa na mstari chini yake; mstari huo mara nyingi huwa wa [[rangi]] nyekundu au nyeusi, na mstari huu hautakiwi kuzama kabisa ndani ya maji kwani meli inaweza kuzama pale tu mstari huu utakapo zama wote ndani ya [[maji]]. Pia [[meli]] hizi hazitakiwi kutembea katika [[maji]] yenye kina kifupi kwani zinaweza kuzama. {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Usafiri wa maji]] nm6gmsr5hm4xr3p9cckad0qln6c2n62 1241444 1241442 2022-08-09T09:37:15Z Kipala 107 masahihisho, nyongeza wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Cargo Granat, Emder Hafen.jpg|thumb|Cargo Granat.]] [[Picha:Bruges Belgium Cargoship-Natasha-N-in-Dampoort-Lock-01.jpg|thumb|Meli ya mizigo Natasha huko Ubelgiji.]] [[Picha:Maersk Elba.JPG|thumb|Maersk liner.]] '''Meli za mizigo''' ni [[meli]] ambazo hutumika kubeba [[mizigo]] mbalimbali na kuisafirisha kutoka sehemu moja kwenda nyingine. Kuna meli za mizigo elfu nyingi zinazosafiri kwenye bahari, maziwa na mito mikubwa ya Dunia. Zinabeba sehemu kubwa ya bidhaa za biashara ya kimataifa. Meli za mizigo kwa kawaida hutengenezwa kwa kazi maalumu kama vile kubeba kontena, mizigo ya mchanganyiko, shehena za mafuta au gesi. Siku hizi hutengenezwa kwa [[feleji]] na kusukumwa kwa [[injini za diseli]]. Kuna pia majaribio ya kutumia nguvu ya upepo au umeme. Ziko kubwa na ndogo na kwa kawaid huwa na maisha ya kazi ya miaka 20 hadi 30 hadi kupumzishwa na kubomolewa tena. Meli za [[mizigo]] za kisasa zinaweza kubeba [[mizigo]] mingi na mizito kama vile [[magari]], [[mashine]] mbalimbali za [[kazi]] na kusafirisha kutoka [[bara]] moja kwenda [[bara]] jingine. Meli hizi hutumia muda mrefu kufika sehemu husika kwani kuna muda meli hizi husumbuliwa na [[dhoruba]] za majini kama vile [[mawimbi]], na muda mwingine meli hizi huhitaji kufanyiwa [[matengenezo]] ili ziweze kuendelea na [[safari]] zake. Meli hizi zipo za aina nyingi, zipo zilizotengenezwa kwa ajili ya kusafirisha [[vyakula]] na [[matunda]] ambapo ndani huwa kuna [[majokofu]] kwa ajili ya kutunza vyakula na matunda hayo ili yasiharibike njiani kwani vyakula huhitaji uangalizi mzuri ili visiharibike. Pia zipo meli za mizigo zilizotengenezwa kwa ajili ya kusafirisha [[mafuta]] kama [[petroli]] na [[dizeli]], ambapo ndani ya meli hizi kuna [[matenki]] ya kubebea [[mafuta]]. Meli huwa na mstari chini yake; mstari huo mara nyingi huwa wa [[rangi]] nyekundu au nyeusi, na mstari huu hautakiwi kuzama kabisa ndani ya maji kwani meli inaweza kuzama pale tu mstari huu utakapo zama wote ndani ya [[maji]]. Pia [[meli]] hizi hazitakiwi kutembea katika [[maji]] yenye kina kifupi kwani zinaweza kuzama. {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Usafiri wa maji]] hwtkdqrfj17e2b06lnkuxqcq5551a0c 1241445 1241444 2022-08-09T09:43:21Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Cargo Granat, Emder Hafen.jpg|thumb|Cargo Granat.]] [[Picha:Bruges Belgium Cargoship-Natasha-N-in-Dampoort-Lock-01.jpg|thumb|Meli ya mizigo Natasha huko Ubelgiji.]] [[Picha:Maersk Elba.JPG|thumb|Maersk liner.]] '''Meli za mizigo''' ni [[meli]] ambazo hutumika kubeba [[mizigo]] mbalimbali na kuisafirisha kutoka sehemu moja kwenda nyingine. Kuna meli za mizigo elfu nyingi zinazosafiri kwenye bahari, maziwa na mito mikubwa ya Dunia. Zinabeba sehemu kubwa ya bidhaa za biashara ya kimataifa. Meli za mizigo kwa kawaida hutengenezwa kwa kazi maalumu kama vile kubeba kontena, mizigo ya mchanganyiko, shehena za mafuta au gesi. Siku hizi hutengenezwa kwa [[feleji]] na kusukumwa kwa [[injini za diseli]]. Kuna pia majaribio ya kutumia nguvu ya upepo au umeme. Ziko kubwa na ndogo na kwa kawaid huwa na maisha ya kazi ya miaka 20 hadi 30 hadi kupumzishwa na kubomolewa tena. Meli za [[mizigo]] za kisasa zinaweza kubeba [[mizigo]] mingi na mizito kama vile [[magari]], [[mashine]] mbalimbali za [[kazi]] na kusafirisha kutoka [[bara]] moja kwenda [[bara]] jingine. Meli hizi hutumia muda mrefu kufika sehemu husika kwani kuna muda meli hizi husumbuliwa na [[dhoruba]] za majini kama vile [[mawimbi]], na muda mwingine meli hizi huhitaji kufanyiwa [[matengenezo]] ili ziweze kuendelea na [[safari]] zake. Meli hizi zipo za aina nyingi, zipo zilizotengenezwa kwa ajili ya kusafirisha [[vyakula]] na [[matunda]] ambapo ndani huwa kuna [[majokofu]] kwa ajili ya kutunza vyakula na matunda hayo ili yasiharibike njiani kwani vyakula huhitaji uangalizi mzuri ili visiharibike. Pia zipo meli za mizigo zilizotengenezwa kwa ajili ya kusafirisha [[mafuta]] kama [[petroli]] na [[dizeli]], ambapo ndani ya meli hizi kuna [[matenki]] ya kubebea [[mafuta]]. Meli huwa na mstari chini yake; mstari huo mara nyingi huwa wa [[rangi]] nyekundu au nyeusi, na mstari huu hautakiwi kuzama kabisa ndani ya maji kwani meli inaweza kuzama pale tu mstari huu utakapo zama wote ndani ya [[maji]]. Pia [[meli]] hizi hazitakiwi kutembea katika [[maji]] yenye kina kifupi kwani zinaweza kuzama. ==Viungo vya Nje== {{Commons category|Cargo ships|Meli za Mizigo}} {{Wikivoyage|Freighter_travel}} * https://web.archive.org/web/20160901004059/http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch3en/conc3en/shipsize.html Vessel size groups] * [http://forshipbuilding.com/ship-types/cargo-ship/ Cargo ship: general structure and arrangement by picture] {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Usafiri wa maji]] kit9tnvilew5p732srg4dcr33zz5jm1 1241449 1241445 2022-08-09T09:48:27Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Cargo Granat, Emder Hafen.jpg|thumb|Cargo Granat.]] [[Picha:Bruges Belgium Cargoship-Natasha-N-in-Dampoort-Lock-01.jpg|thumb|Meli ya mizigo Natasha huko Ubelgiji.]] [[Picha:Maersk Elba.JPG|thumb|Maersk liner.]] '''Meli za mizigo''' ni [[meli]] ambazo hutumika kubeba [[mizigo]] mbalimbali na kuisafirisha kutoka sehemu moja kwenda nyingine. Kuna meli za mizigo elfu nyingi zinazosafiri kwenye bahari, maziwa na mito mikubwa ya Dunia. Zinabeba sehemu kubwa ya bidhaa za biashara ya kimataifa. Meli za mizigo kwa kawaida hutengenezwa kwa kazi maalumu kama vile kubeba kontena, mizigo ya mchanganyiko, shehena za mafuta au gesi. Siku hizi hutengenezwa kwa [[feleji]] na kusukumwa kwa [[injini za dizeli]]. Kuna pia majaribio ya kutumia nguvu ya upepo au umeme. Ziko kubwa na ndogo na kwa kawaid huwa na maisha ya kazi ya miaka 20 hadi 30 hadi kupumzishwa na kubomolewa tena. Meli za [[mizigo]] za kisasa zinaweza kubeba [[mizigo]] mingi na mizito kama vile [[magari]], [[mashine]] mbalimbali za [[kazi]] na kusafirisha kutoka [[bara]] moja kwenda [[bara]] jingine. Meli hizi hutumia muda mrefu kufika sehemu husika kwani kuna muda meli hizi husumbuliwa na [[dhoruba]] za majini kama vile [[mawimbi]], na muda mwingine meli hizi huhitaji kufanyiwa [[matengenezo]] ili ziweze kuendelea na [[safari]] zake. Meli hizi zipo za aina nyingi, zipo zilizotengenezwa kwa ajili ya kusafirisha [[vyakula]] na [[matunda]] ambapo ndani huwa kuna [[majokofu]] kwa ajili ya kutunza vyakula na matunda hayo ili yasiharibike njiani kwani vyakula huhitaji uangalizi mzuri ili visiharibike. Pia zipo meli za mizigo zilizotengenezwa kwa ajili ya kusafirisha [[mafuta]] kama [[petroli]] na [[dizeli]], ambapo ndani ya meli hizi kuna [[matenki]] ya kubebea [[mafuta]]. Meli huwa na mstari chini yake; mstari huo mara nyingi huwa wa [[rangi]] nyekundu au nyeusi, na mstari huu hautakiwi kuzama kabisa ndani ya maji kwani meli inaweza kuzama pale tu mstari huu utakapo zama wote ndani ya [[maji]]. Pia [[meli]] hizi hazitakiwi kutembea katika [[maji]] yenye kina kifupi kwani zinaweza kuzama. ==Viungo vya Nje== {{Commons category|Cargo ships|Meli za Mizigo}} {{Wikivoyage|Freighter_travel}} * https://web.archive.org/web/20160901004059/http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch3en/conc3en/shipsize.html Vessel size groups] * [http://forshipbuilding.com/ship-types/cargo-ship/ Cargo ship: general structure and arrangement by picture] {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Usafiri wa maji]] i02hiddi0m9ahdgwi2er2sl0cfjhtwr Tatu Chafu 0 99055 1241047 1041294 2022-08-08T12:57:52Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = Tatu Chafu | picha = Tatu Chafu filamu.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya "Tatu Chafu" | mwongozaji = Novatus Mugurusi (Rrah C) | mtayarishaji = Prisca Emmanuely Paul MashauriMtayarishaji Mtendaji Jacqueline MgumiaMtayarishaji Mtendaji | mtunzi = Novatus Mugurusi | mwadithiaji = | nyota = Akbar T Manka Jackson Kabirigi Noriega Francis Paul Katambo Nkwabi Elias James James Levison James Webiro Wassira Faraj Mhando Paul Katambo | muziki = [[Tiddy Hotter]] | sinematografi = Hamisi Koba Karabani-Karabani | mhariri = Zachary Fredrick | msambazaji = BongoHoodz | imetolewa = 16 Disemba, 2017(kwenye makumbi ya sinema) 1 Mei, 2018(katika [[Youtube]]) | muda = 136 | nchi = [[Tanzania]] | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} '''"Tatu Chafu"''' ni jina la filamu ya uhalifu na usela iliyotolewa [[16 Disemba]] [[2017]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Filamu imeongozwa na Novatus Mugurusi na kutayarishwa na Prisca Emmanuely na Paul Mashauri kwa ushirikiano na Production X, Next Level, Nitron Studios, Clouds Plus, Makini Studio na Cheusi Dawa TV. Kazi kubwa imefanywa na Mashauri Studios, Novitech na Production X. Ndani yake anakuja Akbar T. Manka, Jackson Kabirigi, Noriega Francis, Paul Katambo, Nkwabi Elias, Meya Shabani, Webiro "Wakazi" Wassira, Faraji Mhando, James James, Levison James, Lupyana Kihaka, Hussein Msangi, Salum Khalid, Henry Filbert na Laban Dabo Mbibo. Filamu inahusu maisha ya kudanga ya vijana watatu marafiki waliokuwa marafiki tangu utotoni. Wamekuwa wakiishi katika mazingira ya pamoja katika hali mbalimbali. Vilevile kushiriki katika harakati za uhalifu na dhulma kadha wa kadha. Marafiki hawa ambao ni Cheddah, Bambino na Rochi ambaye anaonekana kama mpanga madili yote na mwenye kujielewa kuliko wote katika kundi hili. Sehemu kubwa ya filamu inazungumzia madawa ya kulevya na bangi. Mihadarati na maisha ya uhalifu yametawala katika filamu. Filamu imetengenezwa katika maeneo ya Dar es Salaam pekee. Filamu imesambazwa na BongohoodZ ambayo inatumia teknolojia ya kisasa katika usambazaji wa filamu. Awali kulikuwa na malalamiko mengi juu ya uibiwaji wa kazi za wasanii. Filamu imezinguliwa katika muundo wa kimatamasha ambapo kunakuwa na mambo mengi yanatolewa wakati filamu inaonyeshwa.<ref>[http://bongo5.com/filamu-ya-tatu-chafu-kuja-na-mapinduzi-ya-bongo-movie-video-11-2017/ Filamu ya ‘Tatu Chafu’ kuja na mapinduzi ya Bongo Movie ] Bongo5, 2017</ref><ref>[http://bongo5.com/filamu-ya-tatu-chafu-kutua-mtaani-kwako-kwa-style-hii-12-2017/ Filamu ya ‘Tatu Chafu’ kutua mtaani kwako kwa style hii] Bongo5, 2017</ref> ==Hadithi== Filamu inaanza na Chedah (Jackson Kabirigi) na Bambino (Akbar Manka) wakimuuzia mtu viatu kanyaboya huku Rochi (Noriega Francis) akielezea namna wizi unavyofanyika. Rochi anajitambulisha kama mpenda kuvuta bangi, hadi wakati mwingine anavuta hadi mzigo anaouza. Wakati Bambino mtu wa mademu, mapenzi kwa maneno uthibitisho hakuna. Chedah mtu wa madili mengi na maneno chungumzima huku akiamini mdomo wake ndio hela yake. Maisha ya kila siku ya kubangaiza. Siku moja kuna mtu anakuja, Frank (Laban Dabo Mbibo), anawapa mchongo wa kutafuta madawa ya kulevya kuna mtu anayataka. Mpango kapewa Rochi, ambaye ana mahusiano ya kuuziana bangi na Frank. Rochi anapeleka mchongo kwa washikaji wajue wapi wanaweza kupata mali. Chedah anasema kuna mzee Mangele (Nkwabi Elias) anajulikana mtaani kama mwuzaji mkubwa wa dawa za kulevya. Bila kusita wanajitosa kwa Mangele, awali anaonekana kukataa kujihusisha na mambo ya dawa za kulevya. Lakini dau lililotajwa linamfanya kukubaliana na hali. Rochi anaambiwa achukue mzigo kwenye jokofu, ndani yake kuna maiti ikiwa kama kitisho iwapo watajaribu kumdhulumu. Kawaambia wenzake, lakini hawajamwamini. Hali hii imempa mshituko mkubwa sana Rochi. Mzigo unachukuliwa tayari kwa mauzo, Frank anazingua hatokei kwa muda uliopangwa. Wanaamua kupoteza muda magetoni ili kusubiria simu ya Frank. Upande wa majambazi, waonekana kulaumiana juu ya jaribio la ujambazi lililofeli. Mkuu wa kitengo, Machete (Paul Katambo), mpayuko mwanzo mwisho. Anamlaumu Mbita (Hussein Msangi) kuleta gari lisilo na mafuta. Kifeda (Musa Mohamed) analaumiwa kwa kuacha mizigo. Punde anaingia Uswege (Faraji Mhando) mwenye hasira juu ya tukio lililotokea na kufeli. Anawatisha na kuwaasa wakiendelea na ujinga wao watadakwa na kupotea mazima. Baada ya maneno ya kashfa, Uswege ambaye anaonekana ndiye mratibu wa matukio kibao. Anawagusia kuhusu mchongo mpya wa kuiba kiboksi chenye pete katika duka moja la sonara kwa Mpemba. Uswege anawaambia wakifanikisha wasimtafute. Yeye anajua wapi pa kuwapata. Huko magetoni, vijana wanacheza gemu kwenye TV, ghafula Mbita anagonga lango kama ugomvi, Bambino anakurupuka kwenda kumwaga dawa za kulevya chooni. Bila kujua aliyegonga ni Mbita ambaye kaja kununua bangi kwa Rochi. Kwa kigugumizi Bambino anasema kamwaga mzigo wa mzee Mangele. Vijana wanajadili namna ya kumkabili Mangele. Hapa kitendawili kikubwa kisichoweza kuteguka. Mangele hana ngoma za kukaanga, anacheka usoni, moyoni ana kiza. La Familia wanatoka magetoni na kuanza kusakanya pesa zilipo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2017]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2018]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Novatus Mugurusi]] 1lcjc6mhsvu0j19g17f22yse1zuhswm Mtumiaji:GerardM/Members of the House of Representatives of Nigeria 2 102200 1241310 1102170 2022-08-08T22:24:06Z CommonsDelinker 234 Removing [[:c:File:Hon_Olatoye_Temitope_Sugar.jpg|Hon_Olatoye_Temitope_Sugar.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Howcheng|Howcheng]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by Ilobanafor Cletus Sunday|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Members of the House of Representatives of Nigeria who was a member twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21290864 } |section= |sort=P39/Q21290864/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21290864/P580:Start date,P39/Q21290864/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' style='width:100%' !Article !description !Country !Start date !End date !Image |- | ''[[:d:Q77224538|Ifeanyi Chudy Momah]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q69541035|David Idris Zacharias]]'' | | | | | [[Picha:David Idris Zacharias.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q65929260|Mohammed Umar Bago]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60737309|Tony Nwulu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56798462|Fateema Mohammed]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56229557|Dorathy Mato]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56229525|Joseph Bamgbose]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56229522|Bauchi Tongo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q48816896|Justina Eze]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q42563987|Barry Mpigi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35539342|Adamu Kamale]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35539211|Solomon Adaelu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35538817|Sodaguwo Festus-omoni]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35538337|Dapo Lam Adesina]]'' | | [[Uhindi]] | | | [[Picha:Dapo Lam Adesina.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q35538247|Muhammed Gudaji]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35537766|Binta Bello]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35537525|Akeem Adeyemi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35537499|Ochepo Adamu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35537427|Tarkighin Dickson]]'' | | | | | [[Picha:Dickson profile.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q35536858|Aliyu Ahman-Pategi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35536761|Asabe Bashir]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q29834852|Abdulrahman Shuaibu Abubakar]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | [[Picha:Abdulrahman Shuaibu Abubakar.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q28967996|Samuel Ikon]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28839608|Olatoye Tempitope Sugar]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28051589|Samaila Suleiman]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25753711|Abubakar Kyari]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | [[Picha:Abubakar kyari.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q24668829|Abdussamad Dasuki]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | [[Picha:Abdussamad Dasuki.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q23304614|Yusuf Sulaimon Lasun]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | [[Picha:YussuffLasun.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q22087359|Chukwuemeka Ujam]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q22005748|Kayode Oladele]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20740791|Alhassan Doguwa]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q19957516|Dogara Yakubu]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | [[Picha:3R3A5379.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19604976|Raphael Nomiye]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q19560093|Binta Garba]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q19518229|Saviour Friday Udoh]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18618880|Usman Shehu Bawa]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18129932|Khadija Bukar Abba Ibrahim]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16230616|Aliyu Ibrahim Gebi]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | [[Picha:Honorable Aliyu Ibrahim Gebi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16196905|Bimbo Daramola]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16194615|John Dyegh]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16189427|Olajumoke Okoya-Thomas]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16106000|Eddie Mbadiwe]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13651011|Mudasiru Oyetunde Hussein]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7902041|Usman Bayero Nafada]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7668102|T. A. Doherty]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7495678|Shettima Ali Monguno]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7299041|Raymond Njoku]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | [[Picha:Raymond Njoku.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6983832|Nduese Essien]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6967190|Nasiru Sule Garo]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6708540|Lynda Chuba-Ikpeazu]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6380072|Kawu Sumaila]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6309967|Julius Momo Udochi]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6283021|Joseph Fadahunsi]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5442793|Femi Gbaja Biamila]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5436177|Farouk Lawan]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5423303|Eziuche Ubani]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5393316|Ernest Ikoli]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5238181|David Obadiah Lot]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5116059|Chukwuemeka Ngozichineke Wogu]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5116055|Chukwuemeka Chikelu]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4746479|Aminu Waziri Tambuwal]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | [[Picha:Aminu Waziri Tambuwal at VOA.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4746476|Aminu Safana]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4746475|Aminu Kano]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4727557|Aliyu Musa]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4670499|Abubakar Rimi]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | [[Picha:Seal of Kano.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4667738|Abike Dabiri]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4665254|Abdul Ahmed Ningi]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | [[Picha:Abdul Ningi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3510785|Nenadi Usman]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3509922|Rabiu Kwankwaso]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | | | [[Picha:Dr Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q35539072|Hassan Saleh]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | 2017-03-22 | 2017-03-22 | |- | ''[[:d:Q35536670|Ossy Prestige]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | 2015-06-09 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28606434|Philip Shaibu]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | 2015-06 | 2016-03 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16207418|Nnenna Elendu Ukeje]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | 2007-05-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5720323|Seriake Dickson]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | 2007 | 2012 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20982221|Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | 2003 | 2015 | |- | ''[[:d:Q30673985|Ned Nwoko]]'' | | [[Nigeria]] | 1999 | 2003 | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 8vi6xh3ezj2a2v4uf0jrvlu3vcp1wn2 Bongo na Flava 0 104083 1241012 1236410 2022-08-08T12:29:58Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = Bongo na Flava | picha = Bongo na Flava filamu.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya "Bongo na Flava" | mwongozaji = Novatus Mugurusi (Rrah C) | mtayarishaji = Staford Kihore Mary MugurusiMtayarishaji Mtendaji Suzan Mugurusi John MahundiMtayarishaji Mtendaji | mtunzi = Novatus Mugurusi | mwadithiaji = | nyota = One Incredible Makamua Godliver Gordian [[Fid Q]] Wakazi Saigon Silipa Swai Karabani | muziki = [[Tamaduni Muzik]] [[Lamar]] | sinematografi = Myovela Mfuaisi | mhariri = Hurbert Lawrence | msambazaji = Proins Promotion LTD | imetolewa = 2016 | muda = 135 | nchi = [[Tanzania]] | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} '''Bongo na Flava''' ni [[filamu]] ya muziki na maisha iliyotoka rasmi [[2016]] na kuja kuamshwa tena [[2018]] Aprili chini ya mwamvuli wa BongohoodZ kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/bongo-na-flava-ni-bonge-la-movie-na-pia-ni-funzo-kwa-bongo-movies.1427428/|title=Bongo na flava ni bonge la movie na pia ni funzo kwa bongo movies - JamiiForums|language=en-US|work=JamiiForums|accessdate=2018-08-12}}</ref> Filamu imeongozwa na [[Novatus Mugurusi]] na kutayarishwa na Staford Kihore, Mary Mugurusi, [[John Mahundi]], Suzan Mugurusi, Francis Makwaia na Karabani kwa ushirikiano na Dream High Pictures, Next Level, Makini Ent., Cheusi Dawa TV, Fischcrab Music na Atok. Ndani yake anakuja [[One the Incredible]], [[Makamua]], [[Fid Q]], [[Godliver Gordian]], [[Wakazi]], Silipa Swai, Songa, Lamar, Salu Tee, Karabani na Saigon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dtoptz.blogspot.com/2018/04/movie-l-bongo-na-movie-l-official-bongo.html|title=MOVIE l Bongo na Flava l Official bongo movie watch/download mp4|author=D.-top Tz|work=welcome to d-top tz|accessdate=2018-08-12}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=New MOVIE: Bongo Na Flava {{!}} Watch - Bekaboy|date=2018-04-07|url=https://bekaboy.com/2018/04/movie-bongo-na-flava/|work=Bekaboy|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-12}}</ref> Filamu inahusu harakati za kupigania kuwa mwanamuziki mkubwa katika Tanzania. Kufanikisha zoezi hilo, Zopa (One Incredible) anaamua kwenda Dar es Salaam kutimiza ndoto yake ya kuwa mchanaji mkubwa. Anakutana na Joe aliyemsitiri hadi hapo alipokuja kupata mafanikio yake.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bongo.co.tz/events/bongo-na-flava-thurday-movie-night-goethe-institut|title=Bongo na Flava - Thurday Movie Night @ Goethe Institut - Events in Tanzania, {{!}} Bongo!|work=www.bongo.co.tz|accessdate=2018-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809173136/http://www.bongo.co.tz/events/bongo-na-flava-thurday-movie-night-goethe-institut|archivedate=2018-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Dizzim Online|title=One The Incredible azungumzia filamu ya Bongo na Flava, single mpya na kazi na Adam Juma|date=2018-05-28|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lappSst_OyI|access-date=2018-08-12}}</ref> Filamu ilisifiwa na wengi, hasa kwa utumbuizaji mkubwa aliyoufanya One the Incredible. Miongoni mwa waliosifia ni pamoja na msanii wa muziki wa hip hop nchini Tanzania [[A.Y]].<ref>{{Citation|title=AY akubali walichofanya Fid Q, One, Wakazi, Songa na wengineo katika Bongo na Flava Film - Bongo5.com|date=2018-04-10|url=http://bongo5.com/ay-akubali-walichofanya-fid-q-one-wakazi-songa-na-wengineo-katika-bongo-na-flava-film-04-2018/|work=Bongo5.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-12}}</ref> Hii ndio filamu ya kwanza Tanzania kuleta mapinduzi halisi ya uigizaji wa maisha halisi kabisa ya mtaani. Awali ilikuwa watu wanaigiza tu hata kama sehemu ya matusi, ambayo huko mtaani ni jambo la kawaida kutukana ilikuwa hakuna. Lakini katika filamu hii imeigizwa katika maisha yaleyale ya mtaani kama jinsi nchi za nje wanavyoigiza maisha halisi ya wahuni. ==Hadithi== Hadithi inamwelezea Zopa (One the Incredible) aliyekuja mjini kwa rafiki yake wakuitwa Chidy aliyemuahidi ana kazi ya kumpa kumbe hakuwa na lolote bali utapeli tu. Mbaya zaidi anafika kwa kina Chidy anaambiwa Chidy kafungwa jela kwa kesi ya uuzaji wa bangi. Zopa anaomba hifadhi ya muda, bila mafanikio anaondoka mpweke mitaani huenda akafadhilika. Katika zurura yake katokea Coco Beach kakutana vijana wanaimba nyimbo kibao kwa kupiga akapela zenye mvuto. Anaunga nao, kwa pembeni kulikuwa na mtu anamuangalia kwa ustadi mkubwa jinsi Zopa anavyoghani. Kila jioni inapofika, mtihani wa kulala unaanza, sehemu anayolala kila siku katimuliwa na mwenye duka kwa matusi mazito. Siku aliyohama eneo tu, usiku wake kuna wahuni walimkuta wakampa kichapo cha nguvu. Wakamwacha akiwa hoi, kajisogeza hadi nyumba za jirani, kakuta maji barazani kafungua kaanza kunawa. Kidogo mwenye chumba anatokea (Makamua) anamkoromea, polepole wanafahamiana kama alimuona Coco Beach. Wanaongea mwishowe Joe anamkaribisha Zopa ndani. Anaelezea kisa cha maisha yake hadi kufika DAR, jamaa anamwambia yaliyotokea yashatokea, muhimu tuhangaike tupate kipato cha kuchangia kulipa chumba. Joseph ni mishentauni, kazi za kunjunga karibia kila siku. Siku, wiki, mwezi mara mwaka, mafanikio bilabila. Zopa anaamua kujiongeza baada ya kumuona Runda (Salu Tee) anaingiza kiasi kikubwa akiwa kakaa tu kijiweni. Jose anamwambia mwamba ni pusha yule, sidhani kama kazi hiyo utaiweza. Isitoshe, huu ukanda wake, kamwe huwezi kuuzia hapa. Kwa kutumia fomula ya shida mgunduzi, Zopa anamchangulia mpango mzima Joseph namna ya kutoka kwa haraka au kujipatia vijisenti ambavyo vitamwezesha kujikimu na mambo ya msingi. Wanasogea kwa Runda, kwa masharti magumu, Runda anawapa njia. Wanamuona muhusika, wanafanikisha zoezi la kwanza. Ukawa utaratibu na mambo yakawa safi ndani ya muda mfupi, wakapanga nyumba nzuri zaidi. Zopa anapata mkwanja hadi wa kuingia studio na kutengeneza demo ya kanda mseto ya kwanza. Siku moja Zopa akiwa na Joseph Baa moja hivi, kwa mbali anamuona mtoto mzuri anaamua kumsogelea, kumkaribia kumbe Anita (Godliver Gordian) ambaye walisoma ote sekondari Kigoma. Anita anafikicha akili zake na kumkumbuka Zopa kama alisoma nae. Wanafahamiana na kupeana muhtasari wa maisha wa kila mmoja kaja kufanya nini mjini hapa. Zopa alijinadi kama mwanamuziki, wakati Anita alisema yeye ni mwanafunzi wa chuo kikuu cha usimamizi wa fedha (IFM). Punde anatokea bwanake na kila mtu anabaki na hamsini zake. Baadaye wanakutana tena na Anita, safari hii mchana kweupe. Zopa anaamua kuacha uzoba na kuomba namba ya Anita zoezi ambalo halikufanikiwa. Lakini kwa msaada zaidi, Anita anamtajia klabu ya usiku ambayo anapenda kwenda sana inaitwa Club X. Zopa mfukoni majalala, anamsogelea Joseph amlipe pesa zake alizomkopesha. Joseph hana kitu, anamwambia kama vipi chukua puri moja kule home. Zopa anabeba tayari kwa kufanya usambazaji kule disko. Anita anatokea kaunta, anakutana na Zopa, wanaongea, kabla maongezi kunoga, anatokea mshefa wake, vurumai, kumbe bwana jamaa kaja na pira, wanamsachi wanamkuta na puri jamaa anaingia ndani kwa mara ya kwanza maishani mwake. Ili kutoka, anatakiwa awauze wanawe wanaomletea mzigo ndio kwake inakuwa salama. Kwa kuonesha ujanadume, Zopa anagoma. Heri abaki ndani kuliko kuwa snitch. Anita anakata tamaa, lakini anafanya alilofanya ndani ya miezi sita, mchizi anaachiwa. Wanachukuzana hadi nyumba aliyopanga Zopa, ambapo alimuacha Joseph kabaki pale. Pale msala Joe kauza kila kitu kasepa zake. Zopa asiye na la kufanya, anasitiriwa kwa mara nyengine tena na Anita. Wanaishi pamoja kama mpenzi naogopa kusema nakupenda. Anita anamtafutia kazi ya baa Zopa, anaanza, anajikusanya tena, safari hii anataka kwenda kwa mtayarishaji mkubwa zaidi ili kupata kazi yenye ubora. Anamsogelea mwamba mmoja anaitwa Young Tozi (Karabani). Mwamba anamzingua sana, almanusura aingie kwenye dimbwi la walevi ili kukata mawazo. Kwa nasaha za Anita, anarudi kwenye mstari. Siku moja akiwa kazini kwake, anakuja msanii anayependa sana maishani mwake, Fingaprinti (Fid Q). Punde, Finga anaelekea maliwatoni, Zopa anamsalandia, anamchania madini, Finga anaingia mazima. Wanapeana demo ya kandamseto, lakini mabrazameni wake wanaicha pale. Mbaya zaidi ikiwa imelowa na mapombe. Linamgadhibisha Zopa, anaona dharau hii sasa. Anaacha kazi, anamtokea mchizi wake mmoja wa Diko (Wakazi) ambaye wanajuana kitambo. Kuna siku alikutana nae mchizi akiwa njema kinyama. Anampa mchongo wa kwamba yeye ana dili na sembe. Akiwa sawa na yeye anaweza kumuunganishia. Zopa aliona huu ndio muda mwafaka wa kumtafuta mchizi huyo ili atoke kimaisha, maana muziki hauwezi tena kumtoa kimaisha. Mwamba anatokea, wanachukuzana hadi kwa taita, wanaseti mipango, tayari kwa gemu, Zopa ananyeta mbele ya wana wengine, anaomba mzigo asepe nao magetoni ili aweze kuumeza akiwa meni-am. Huko studio Fingaprinti anaona ngoma yake ubeti wa pili haifai yeye kuchana, anamkumbuka Zopa aliyemchania miraba ya kufa mtu kule maliwatoni, anawauliza wana kuna CD muliichukua pale, wanajifanya hawajui. Finga anaona sio kesi, anajisogeza eneo la baa, anamuulizia mchizi, anaambiwa kaacha kazi kwa hiari, anaomba namba ya simu, anamwendea hewani, lakini muda si rafiki kwa kupokea simu kwa sababu alikuwa anajitahidi kumeza kete ili aanze safari siku inayofuata. Finga king'ang'anizi, anaenda hewani tena na tena hatimaye Zopa anaacha kufanya anachofanya, na kupokea simu, anasikia sauti ya msanii ambaye ndiye mfano wake wa kuigwa anamtaka aje studio wafanye ote ngoma. Taarifa hii inamrudisha Zopa mwenye fokasi ya mziki na kurudi ukumbini alipoketi Anita aliyekuwa anabubujikwa na machozi kwa kufanywa vibaya na Zopa. Zopa ana asili ya uungwana, anajishusha na kumpa mkasa mzima Anita. Azimio baada ya mashauriano ni kurudisha mzigo alipoutoa na hakuna safari. Licha ya onyo alizopewa aliona hakuna jinsi bora kufa kuliko kujiingiza kwenye mkasa huo. Anafanikiwa kuchomoka kwenye tundu hilo kimazabe, kisha huyo hadi studio na kufanya maajabu makubwa kwenye ngoma. Siku zinaenda, goma linapigwa redioni analisikia, Finga anaingia nae mkataba wa kumsimamia na maisha aliyokuwa akiyataka ya kuwa msanii mkubwa yanatimia licha ya magumu aliyopitia. Filamu inaishia Zopa akiwa klabu na mnadio wa nguvu kutoka kwa Finga akiwa na washikaji zake. ==Wahusika== *[[One the Incredible]] - Zopa *[[Godliver Gordian]] - Anita *[[Makamua]] - Joseph *[[Fid Q]] - Fingaprinti *Silipa Swai - Bosslady *[[Salu Tee]] - Runda *Saigon - Mtangazaji wa redio *Lamar - Flow *Songa - X-Master *[[Wakazi]] - Diko == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2015]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2016]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Novatus Mugurusi]] kipz4td2iyscy9vb8cy58duq0ps7v1x A Point of No Return 0 105703 1241011 1045846 2022-08-08T12:28:32Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = {{PAGENAME}} | picha = a_point_of_no_return jarada.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya {{PAGENAME}} | mwongozaji = [[Mtitu Game]] | mtayarishaji = Game 1st Quality Tanzania Limited | mtunzi = Mtitu Game | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[Steven Kanumba]] [[Wema Sepetu]] [[Mahsein Awadh]] [[Asha Jumbe]] Leyla Ismael Charles Magari Anne Constantine | muziki = | sinematografi = Zakayo Magulu | mhariri = | msambazaji = Game 1st Quality | imetolewa = 2008 | muda = | nchi = Tanzania | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} '''"A Point of No Return"''' ni jina la filamu iliyotoka 2008 kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Filamu inachezwa na [[Steven Kanumba]] , [[Wema Sepetu]] , [[Mahsein Awadh]] , [[Asha Jumbe]] , Leyla Ismael , Charles Magari , Anne Constantine (Waridi). Filamu imeongozwa na [[Mtitu Game]] na kutayarishwa na Mtitu akiwa na Steven Kanumba. Huku hadithi ikiwa utunzi wa Mtitu Game. Filamu inaelezea usaliti na mateso yanatokea ndani ya ndoa. Hii ni filamu ya kwanza kuchezwa na Miss Tanzania wa zamani Bi. Wema Sepetu. <ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/a-point-of-no-return {{PAGENAME}}] katika [[Bongo Cinema]].</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 2008]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Mtitu Game]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] g0k7unbs5l1ik9m7ome1s3919sa4flq Flora Mbasha 0 107455 1241024 1192687 2022-08-08T12:39:15Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Flora Mbasha''' (pia anajulikana kwa majina '''Flora J. Mayalah'''; alizaliwa katika [[Hospitali]] ya Hindu Mandhal [[Mwanza]], [[1 Juni]] [[1983]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mwandishi]] wa [[nyimbo]] za [[Injili]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. [[Baba]] yake aliitwa Henry Joseph Mayalah ambaye kwa sasa ni Marehemu na [[mama]] yake anaitwa Calorin Moses Kulola. <ref>http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/flora-mbasha</ref> ==Historia fupi== Flora Mbasha ni [[Msukuma]] wa [[wilaya ya Sengerema]] katika mkoa wa [[Mwanza]]. Flora ni mtoto wa pili kuzaliwa katika [[familia]] ya watano ambao wanne ni wa kike (Dorcus, Suzan, Esther na Flora) na mmoja ni wa kiume (anaitwa Benjamin). Pia amekulia katika [[maadili]] ya [[dini]] ya [[Kikristo]], wakati huo [[baba]] yake akiwa [[Askofu mkuu]] wa [[kanisa]] la [[Evangelistic Assemblies of God]]. [[Babu]] yake na [[bibi]] yake ndio waliomlea wakishirikiana na mama yake. Flora Mbasha alianza kuimba akiwa darasa la tatu wakati huo akienda na mama zake wadogo [[kwaya]] hadi alipokuwa na miaka kumi na tatu alipoanza kushiriki kuimba [[kwaya]] kanisani na kuimbisha baadhi ya [[nyimbo]].<ref>http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/flora-mbasha</ref> Flora alifunga [[ndoa]] tarehe [[22 Septemba]] [[2002]]. Baada ya ndoa Flora na [[mume]] wake walianza kushirikiana kuimba nyimbo za [[Injili]] wakiwa katika [[Word Alive Band]]. Mwaka [[2003]] mwezi juni walipata [[mtoto]] wao wa kwanza wa kike waliomuita Elizabeth. ==Album alizonazo== Mwaka 2004 Flora alirekodi [[albamu]] yake ya kwanza aliyoita ''Jipe Moyo'' iliyokuwa na nyimbo 10, ambazo zote walishirikiana na mume wake Emmanuel Mbasha. Ni: Jipe Moyo, Aliteseka, Maisha ya ndoa, Hakuna tatizo kuu, Ukimwi, Tunaye Bwana, Majaribu, Ahsante Yesu, Kila Jambo).<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=jipe+moyo+flora+mbasha&rlz=1C1CHBF_enTZ813TZ813&oq=jipe&aqs=chrome.4.69i59j69i57j0l4.12040j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> Baadaye walifanikiwa kutoa album nyingine ya pili ilyojulikana kwa jina la ''Unifiche'' ambayo nayo ilikuwa na nyimbo 8: Tanzania, Unifiche, Faida gani, Twende kwa Yesu, Yatima Tuwasaidie, Kwa kupigwa Kwake, Alale kwa Amani, Tupendane).<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=unifiche+flora+mbasha&rlz=1C1CHBF_enTZ813TZ813&oq=unifiche&aqs=chrome.2.69i57j0l3.10679j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> Flora pia ana album ya tatu inayojulikana kama ''Furaha Yako'' yenye nyimbo 12 ambazo ni: Furaha yako nini, Kaza mwendo, Siku hiyo, Bwana ni mchungaji wangu, Mambo yote Peupe, Bwana Yesu alipokuwa, Mwanafunzi mmoja, Maovu yenu.<ref>https://www.qobuz.com/gb-en/album/furaha-yako-flora-mbasha/3614592056542</ref>. <ref>http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/flora-mbasha</ref> Flora Mbasha album ya Kwanza inaitwa '''JIPE MOYO''' ambayo ina nyimbo kumi (10) ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Watengeneza Filamu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waandaaji Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waongozaji filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wiki Loves Women Tanzania]] 418wrpovnhjy3d10t7lwjzbt6z64msn Jackline Pentzel 0 107673 1240957 1213587 2022-08-08T12:09:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jackline Pentzel''' (Jack wa Chuzi) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] za [[Tanzania|Kitanzania]] anayewakilisha vizuri [[sanaa]] hii kutokana na [[kazi]] alizozifanya. ==Filamu alizoshiriki== *1. Dasmila *2. Wrong Touch *3. Wivu *4. Spinster *5. Curse of Marriage *6. Undercovers *7. Dont Cry *8. Lost *9. Jini Tausi *10. Campus *11. Sakata *12. Bad Girl *13. Branch of Love *14. Girl Next Door *15. Mapito *16. Red Valentine<ref>http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/jackline-pentzel</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wiki Loves Women Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wiki Loves Women Tanzania (4)]] kxxqn2dserb5vjko6et7gfiqakttqz0 A Flying Jatt 0 113359 1241055 1118940 2022-08-08T13:05:00Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Flying Jatt''' ni [[filamu]] ya [[Kihindi]] ya mwaka [[2016]] iliyoandikwa na kuelekezwa na Remo D'Souza na zinazozalishwa chini ya [[bendera]] ya Balaji Motion Picha. Ni [[makala]] [[Tiger Shroff]], [[Jacqueline Fernandez]] na [[Nathan Jones]] katika majukumu ya kuongoza. Flying Jatt inasimulia [[hadithi]] ya [[mtu]] wa kawaida (Shroff) ambaye amepata nguvu. [[Filamu]] iliyotolewa [[duniani]] kote [[tarehe]] [[25 Agosti]] [[2016]] mnamo mwishoni mwa [[wiki]] ya Janmashtami. Ilipokea mapitio mchanganyiko na ilikuwa kushindwa [[ofisi]] ya [[sanduku]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:filamu za India]] o8qvd1i6j7eaky9gd13ht9f6o3a3np5 Maangamizi: The Ancient One 0 118920 1241039 1204822 2022-08-08T12:51:03Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 /* Muundo */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maangamizi: The Ancient One''' ni [[filamu]] ya Ki[[tanzania]] ambayo imetengenezwa na Jonathan Demme chini ya usimamizi wa wakurugenzi Martin Mhando na Ron Mulvihill. Ilitangazwa kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la Pan African na imeshiriki katika Sherehe za Filamu zaidi ya 55 [[ulimwenguni]] kote. Filamu hii ilipendekezwa kwenye tuzo iliyoitwa Academy award kwa filamu bora kwa [[lugha]] ya kigeni kutokea nchini Tanzania na ndio ilikua filamu pekee lakini haikuweza kuchaguliwa katika tuzo hiyo mnamo [[mwaka]] [[2016]]. ==Muundo== Daktari Asira amekutana na utofauti kati ya madawa ya kisasa na ya kiasili yanayojihusisha na imani kutokea [[Afrika mashariki|Afrika Mashariki]]. Amekutana na utofauti huu pale ambapo mwanamke Samehe ameletwa hospitali. Samehe alikuwa akidai yupo chini ya uangalizi wa Maangamizi, [[mizimu]] ya [[Babu|mababu]]. <ref>{{cite web | last =Deming | first =Mark | title =Maangamizi: The Ancient One | publisher =Allmovie | url =http://www.allmovie.com/cg/avg.dll?p=avg&sql=1:255653 | accessdate =2007-07-13 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Mbegu za filamu]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] awh1qrcb3g2xr7k64fgn9f4djt1wlct Viktorini, Vikta, Nisefori, Klaudiani, Dioskoro, Serapioni na Papias 0 119719 1241138 1096482 2022-08-08T14:44:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (walifariki Diospolis, leo [[Hu]], [[283]]) ni kati ya [[Wakristo]] wa [[Misri]] waliouawa kwa kukatwa [[kichwa]] kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Numerian]]. Kwa kuwa hayajulikani mengine kuhusu [[historia]] yao, hawaorodheshwi tena na [[Martyrologium Romanum]]. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[25 Februari]]<ref>https://catholicsaints.info/saint-victorinus-of-egypt/</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 283]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Misri]] nfe21hiabqfplbwany32euths8mu71q Mcheduara 0 122058 1241483 1103559 2022-08-09T10:58:42Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Empty tin can2009-01-19.jpg|thumb|150px|Kopo hili lina umbo la mcheduara.]] [[Picha:Mcheduara mraba na mshadhari.jpg|250px|thumb|Mcheduara mraba na mshadhari.]] [[Picha:Cylinder_geometry.svg|right|thumb|150|Mcheduara mraba.]] '''Mcheduara''' (pia '''silinda'''; ''kwa [[Kiingereza]]: cylinder)'' ni [[gimba]] la [[Jiometri|kijiometri]] linalofanana na [[kopo]] au kipande cha [[pipa]]. Hivyo [[jina]] lake linaeleza ni [[mche (hisabati)|mche]] wenye [[umbo]] la [[duara]] au [[mviringo]]. Gimba la mcheduara linapakanwa na miduara bapa miwili inayokaa sambamba na kuwa vitako vyake. [[Hisabati|Kihisabati]] mcheduara unaweza kufafanuliwa pia kama [[uso (hisabati)|uso]] ambao ni jumla ya [[nukta]] zote zenye [[umbali]] sawa na [[mstari]] ulio katikati yake unaojulikana kama "[[mhimili]]" wake. Hii ni bila kitako. Kutokana na [[ufafanuzi]] huo gimba la mchemraba ni umbo thabiti uliomo ndani ya uso huo ukipakanwa na vitako viwili bapa sambamba. *Kama vitako vinakaa kwa pembemraba juu ya mhimili, mcheduara huitwa mraba. *Kama vitako vinakaa kwa pembe tofauti, tunapata mcheduara mshadhari. Mcheduara mraba huwa na *mjao V = π r 2 h *eneo la uso bila bapa zinazopakana M = 2 π r h *eneo la uso wote E = 2 π r 2 + 2 π r h {{mbegu-hisabati}} [[Jamii:Jiometria]] 7bjfums2xy7o4nr1y53p121qlx8ij2r A Hotel Called Memory 0 124034 1241076 1106674 2022-08-08T13:14:54Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''A Hotel Called Memory''' ni [[filamu]] ya [[Nigeria]] ya [[Nollywood]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2017]] iliyoongozwa na [[Akin Omotoso]]. Inajulikana kwa kukosa mazungumzo, ikijulikana zaidi kama filamu ya kwanza ya kinigeria ya kimyakimya .<ref>[https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/weekend-beats/when-the-stars-gathered-for-no-dialogue-movie-a-hotel-called-memory-in-lagos/ When the stars gathered for ‘no dialogue’ movie: A hotel called memory in Lagos], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 25 November 2017.</ref> Filamu hii imefanyika sehemu mbalimbali ikiwemo [[Lagos]], [[Cape Town]] na [[Zanzibar]]. ni filamu inayoelezea kisa cha [[mwanamke]] anaYetalakiwa na [[mume]] wake na kuamua kuzunguka sehemu mbalimbali kwa ajili ya kutafuta utambuzi<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/a-hotel-called-memory-a-nigerian-film-with-no-dialogue-id7403322.html|title="A Hotel Called Memory" is one of a kind: a Nigerian film with no dialogue|last=Izuzu|first=Chidumga|access-date=2018-11-18|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=NOLLYWOOD NETPLUS 2018 LATEST NIGERIAN MOVIES|title=A HOTEL CALLED MEMORY(THE BEST 2017 LATEST NIGERIAN MOVIE) - 2018 LATEST NIGERIAN MOVIES|date=2018-02-22|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwZBAl2cDps|access-date=2018-11-18}}</ref> filamu imeandikwa na [[Branwen Okpako]], na mtayarishaji ni [[Ego Boyo]] na nyota wa filamu hii [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]].ilishinda [[tuzo]] ya ''experimental film'' katika tamasha la ''BlackStar Film Festival'' mjini [[Philadelphia]].<ref name=Anazia>Daniel Anazia, [https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/a-hotel-called-memory-comes-on-big-screen-in-lagos-tomorrow/ A Hotel Called Memory comes on big screen in Lagos tomorrow], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 18 November 2017.</ref> ==Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2017]] 7bzil4m5ahe1i8fkl3n35zucy4y7ai5 Mapenzi ya Mungu 0 130563 1241045 1168127 2022-08-08T12:53:15Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mapenzi ya Mungu ''' ni [[filamu]] ya [[Tanzania|Kitanzania]] iliyotolewa [[mwaka]] [[2014]]<ref name="bongoswaggz.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.bongoswaggz.com/2014/10/hatimaye-filamu-ya-mapenzi-ya-mungu.html?m=1|title=Hatimaye Filamu ya MAPENZI YA MUNGU Imeingia Rasmi Sokoni Leo..Ndani Yupo Lulu, Linah na Mama Kanumba.|publisher=|accessdate=2020-10-10|archivedate=2020-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112185023/http://www.bongoswaggz.com/2014/10/hatimaye-filamu-ya-mapenzi-ya-mungu.html?m=1}}</ref>. Mtayarishaji mkuu ni [[Elizabeth Michael]] na imeongozwa na Alex Wasponga. Washiriki wakuu ni Elizabeth Michael, Linah Sanga, and Florah Mtegoha. ==Washiriki== *[[Elizabeth Michael]] kama Shikana *[[Linah Sanga]] kama Neema *[[Florah Mtegoha]] *[[Musa Yusuph]] kama Kitale ==Uandaaji== [[Mandhari]] ya filamu hii ni [[Dar es Salaam]] Tanzania. [[Kampuni]] iliyoandaa ni Uwezo Production. ==Kuachiwa== *Trela rasmi ya Mapenzi Ya Mungu iliwekwa katika chaneli ya YouTube ya Proin. Filamu hii iliwekwa sokoni rasmi tarehe 27 Oktoba 2014 kwa mfumo wa DVD na mtandaoni.<ref>proinpromotions.co.tz</ref> *Filamu ya Mapenzi ya Mungu ilioneshwa katika siku ya filamu ya Zanzibar na iliteuliwa katika mashindano ya Zuku Bongo Movies Awards<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ziff.or.tz/2015/06/25/nominees-of-zuku-bongo-movies-awards-2015/|title=NOMINEES of ZUKU BONGO MOVIES AWARDS 2015|date=25 June 2015|publisher=|accessdate=2020-10-10|archivedate=2020-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112215727/http://www.ziff.or.tz/2015/06/25/nominees-of-zuku-bongo-movies-awards-2015/}}</ref> ==Tuzo na Uteuzi == {|class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Tukio !Tuzo !Aliepokea !Matokeo |- |2015 |[[Zanzibar International Film Festival]] |Zuku Bongo Movie Awards |Mapenzi Ya Mungu |Mshriki |- |2016 |[[2016 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards]] |Filamu Bora ya Afrika Mashariki |Mapenzi Ya Mungu |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/03/tanzanian-actress-gets-heroic-welcome-after-winning-big-at-amvca/|title=Tanzanian actress gets heroic welcome after 'winning big' at AMVCA - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Top Website for News, Gossip, Comedy, Videos, Blogs, Events, Weddings, Nollywood, Celebs, Scoop and Games|date=9 March 2016|publisher=|access-date=10 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511015625/http://thenet.ng/2016/03/tanzanian-actress-gets-heroic-welcome-after-winning-big-at-amvca/|archive-date=11 May 2016|url-status=dead|accessdate=2020-10-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511015625/http://thenet.ng/2016/03/tanzanian-actress-gets-heroic-welcome-after-winning-big-at-amvca/|archivedate=2016-05-11}}</ref> |- |} ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-filamu}} [[jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2014]] 8zkljfrgz4yh046fteez2k74e3bk3nv Kumekucha 0 130566 1241037 1149006 2022-08-08T12:50:16Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kumekucha''' ni [[filamu]] ya nchini [[Tanzania]] ya [[mwaka]] [[1987]] iliotengenezwa na kuongozwa na Flora M'mbugu-Schelling.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=M'Mbugu-Schelling|first=Flora|date=1987|title=Kumekucha From Sunup|url=https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=W00083170&DB=w}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africanwomenincinema.org/AFWC/Afwc_Tanzania.html|title=Afwc_Tanzania|website=www.africanwomenincinema.org|access-date=2019-11-03}}</ref>. ==Muundo== [[Wanawake]] walisimamia hatima yao kwa kujiwezesha kupitia [[elimu]] kuwawezesha kufanya mabadiliko katika [[jamii]]. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 1987]] jw2m7qkanuafem1lwtis2imrqtwcl0t White Shadow (filamu) 0 130569 1241051 1201682 2022-08-08T13:02:09Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''White Shadow''''' ni [[filamu]] ya maigizo ya kimataifa iliyoandikwa mnamo [[mwaka]] [[2013]], iliyozalishwa na kuelekezwa na Noaz Deshe. <ref>{{cite web|title=Noaz Deshe on his Film, White Shadow: A Fight for Survival in East Africa|url=http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2014/01/24/noaz-deshe-on-his-film-white-shadow-a-fight-for-survival-in-east-africa/|accessdate=April 14, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125200414/http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2014/01/24/noaz-deshe-on-his-film-white-shadow-a-fight-for-survival-in-east-africa/|archivedate=2016-01-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sundance Interview with Noaz Deshe, director of WhiteShadow|url=http://cltampa.com/artbreaker/archives/2014/01/27/sundance-interview-with-noaz-deshe-director-of-white-shadow|accessdate=April 14, 2014}}</ref> Ni filamu iliyozalishwa kwa ushirikiano wa kimataifa kati ya [[Ujerumani]], [[Italia]] na [[Tanzania]]. Filamu hiyo ilionyeshwa katika Critics’ Week selection kwenye Tamasha la 70 la Kimataifa la Venice mnamo [[Septemba 2]], [[2013]]. Ilishinda [[tuzo]] ya Simba Future kwenye tamasha hilo<ref name="a">{{cite web |title=70th Venice Film Festival Award Winners: Gianfranco Rosi’s SACRO GRA, Tye Sheridan for David Gordon Green’s JOE & Gabe Klinger’s DOUBLE PLAY Doc|url=http://collider.com/venice-film-festival-award-winners/|accessdate=April 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The 70th Venice Film Festival is a Historic Mess -- and Still a Thing of Beauty|url=http://www.indiewire.com/article/the-70th-venice-film-festival-is-a-historic-mess-and-still-a-thing-of-beauty|accessdate=April 14, 2014}}</ref> Filamu hiyo baadaye ilionyeshwa katika World Cinema Dramatic mwaka [[2014]] Sundance Film Festival mnamo [[Januari 17]], 2014. <ref>{{cite web |title=Sundance 2014: World Cinema Dramatic Competition|url=http://www.indiewire.com/article/sundance-2014-world-cinema-dramatic-competition|accessdate=January 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sundance trailer of the day: ‘White Shadow’ [video]|url=http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/blogssundanceblog/57322731-50/sundance-festival-shadow-2014.html.csp|accessdate=January 18, 2014}}</ref>.Filamu hiyo pia ilionyeshwa mnamo 2014 katika San Francisco International Film Festival mnamo [[Mei 4]], 2014. .<ref>{{cite web |title=12 Must-See Films and One We Defy You to Sit Through at the SFIFF|url=http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2014/04/21/a-handy-guide-to-the-2014-san-francisco international-film-festival/|accessdate=January 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Every San Franciscan's Guide to the San Francisco International Film Festival|url=http://www.modernluxury.com/san-francisco/story/every-san-franciscans-guide-the-san-francisco-international-film-festival|accessdate=January 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Every San Franciscan's Guide to the San Francisco International Film Festival|url=http://www.modernluxury.com/san-francisco/story/every-san-franciscans-guide-the-san-francisco-international-film-festival|accessdate=January 18, 2014}}</ref>Ryan Gosling,Matteo Ceccarini pamoja na Eva Riccobono walihudumu kama watayarishaji wakuu wa [[filamu]] hiyo. .<ref>{{cite web |title=Venice 2013 Critic’s Notebook: A Means of Escape — African Cinema on the Lido.|url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/76061-venice-2013-critics-notebook-a-means-of-escape-african-cinema-on-the-lido/|accessdate=January 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/lat-venice-2013-wre0011066167-20130827,0,924030.photo|title=Matteo Ceccarini LATimes|date=2013|accessdate=2020-10-10|archivedate=2014-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504194320/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/lat-venice-2013-wre0011066167-20130827,0,924030.photo|=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504194320/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/lat-venice-2013-wre0011066167-20130827,0,924030.photo}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2013]] 9ypweothjtrowqe7scwfb5xuqgie8ch Foolish Age 0 130576 1241025 1148995 2022-08-08T12:40:30Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Foolish Age''''' ni [[filamu]] ya [[Tanzania|Kitanzania]] iliyotolewa [[mwaka]] [[2013]]. Iliandaliwa na [[Elizabeth Michael]].<ref>http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/foolish-age</ref> Filamu hii inachanganua ushawishi hasi wanaokutana nao [[vijana]] walio katika [[balehe]]. ==Muundo== Filamu hii inaelezea hadithi ya Loveness ([[Elizabeth Michael]]) msichana mdogo aliyelelewa na baba tajiri baada ya kifo cha mama yake kwa Ugonjwa wa [[UKIMWI]] miaka kadhaa iliyopita. Loveness na baba yake pia wanaishi na virusi vya [[UKIMWI]]. Loveness anasoma ughaibuni ila baadaye anamlazimisha baba yake aje kusoma Nchini mwake, [[Tanzania]]. Anapata shule mpya na kutengeneza marafiki, lakini rafiki wake wa dhati (Diana Kimaro) siyo msichana mwema. Wanajihusisha na mapenzi katika umri mdogo na wanaume tofauti tofauti. Wanaacha kwenda shule kwa sababu ya maisha ya klabu na kubadili wanaume. Loveness anaondoka katika nyumba nzuri ya baba yake pasipo kumuaga baba yake na kwenda kuishi maisha ya ghetto. Baba yake anamtafuta kila mahali pasipo mafanikio mwishowe anakata tamaa. Loveness anaendelea na maisha ya aina hiyo lakini baadaye anakumbana na ugumu wa wa maisha, manyanyaso ya kingono na matatizo na marafiki zake. ==Washiriki == * [[Elizabeth Michael]] * Diana Kimaro * Hashim Kambi * Emmylia Joseph * Ombeni Phiri * Mandela Nicholaus * Ramadhani Miraji * Mohamed Fungafunga (billed on the poster under alias "Jengua")<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/mohammed-fungafunga|title=Mohammed Fungafunga {{!}} Actor, comedian, — Bongo Movies - Buy Tanzania Movies and DVD's Online|website=www.bongocinema.com|access-date=2018-01-14}}</ref> * Zamaradi Salim * Soud Ali * Idrisa Makupa * Leah Mussa * Tiko Hassan<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/foolish-age|title=Foolish Age — Bongo Movie {{!}} Tanzania|website=www.bongocinema.com|access-date=2018-01-14}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2013]] 7ompqv5mnox3mtb4d0785ockvyap5w5 Ni Noma 0 130585 1241046 1147582 2022-08-08T12:54:16Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ni Noma''' ni [[filamu]] ya vichekesho ya [[mwaka]] [[2016]] iliyochezwa na [[Elizabeth Michael]] na [[waigizaji]] wengine kama Kulwa Kikumbe na Isarito Mwakalikamo. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://celebafrica.com/2016-07-14-elizabeth-michael-set-to-drop-new-film-tomorrow-shares-other-interesting-details-about-its-release-4111-2/|title=InMotion Hosting - Website Unavailable|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916180416/http://celebafrica.com/2016-07-14-elizabeth-michael-set-to-drop-new-film-tomorrow-shares-other-interesting-details-about-its-release-4111-2/|archivedate=2016-09-16}}</ref><ref>http://www.bongo5.com/lulu-ajipanga-kuja-na-filamu-ya-comedy-picha-06-2015/</ref><ref>http://www.tanzaniatoday.co.tz/news/ni-nomaaahuyu-demu-ni-fake</ref> ==Muhtasari== Angela ni mwanamke mrembo anayetumia uzuri wake kuishi maisha ya kifahari kwa kuwadanganya wanaume. Siku moja uchumi wake ulidondoka na akaamua kucheza mchezo wa kudangaganya Zaidi ili aweze kupata kazi katika kampuni kwa kumtongoza bosi. Kutokana na yeye kukosa ujuzi wa kufanya kazi katika kampuni hiyo, alimtegemea sana [[mlinzi]] kutoka kwenye shirika la ulinzi la intelligent aitwaye Steve. ==Wahusika== *[[Elizabeth Michael]] kama Angela *Isarito Mwakalikamo kama Steven *Kulwa Kikumba kama Daniel ==Uzalishaji== Ni Noma ilirekodiwa [[Dar Es Salaam]], [[Tanzania]], na kutayarishwa na Elizabeth Michael na ilizalishwa na Proin Promotions Tanzania Ltd. [[Principal photography]] iliachiliwa mwaka [[2015]] wakati inarekodiwa. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.swahilitalkradio.dk/?p=3384 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2020-10-10 |archivedate=2017-05-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518055026/http://www.swahilitalkradio.dk/?p=3384 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2015]] g8cff9jw2sqrn8otu52f7n15gmlxsec 3 Idiots 0 130808 1241053 1132910 2022-08-08T13:04:25Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''3 Idiots''' ni [[filamu]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2009]] kutoka [[Uhindi]] ambayo inahusu vijana watatu ambao ni Farhan, Raju na Ranchoddas (jina la utani Rancho) ambao walijiunga katika chuo cha uhandisi kiitwacho Imperial College of Engineering kilichopo jijini Delhi. Farhan mwenyewe alitaka kuwa mpiga picha wa wanyama pori lakini alijiunga katika chuo cha uhandisi ili kuwa mhadisi ili kumridhisha baba yake wakati Raju yeye alitaka kuwa mhandisi ili apate kazi itakayo iokoa familia yake katika umaskini wakati Rancho yeye alitaka kuwa mhandisi kwa moyo wake wote. Baada ya Rancho kutoa majibu yasiyo ya kawaida darasani na mapigano ya mara kwa mara na walimu na mkurugenzi, Viru Sahastrabudhe (jina la utani Virusi) aliamua kuharibu mahusiano ya vijana hawa. Raju aliamua kujiweka mbali na Rancho, lakini wakati baba yake Raju ambaye amepooza alipata dharura ya matibabu, Rancho alimsaidia kwa msaada kutoka kwa mtoto wa mwisho Virusi aitwaye Pia, ambaye alitokea kumpenda Rancho.Mwisho wa mwaka Rancho alikuwa wa kwanza darasani wakati Farhan na Raju wakiwa wa mwisho. Baada ya miaka kadhaa wakiwa wanakaribia kuhitimu,Rancho aliendelea kuwa zidi wenzake katika masomo. Usiku mmoja wakiwa wa melewa sana watatu hao waliingia katika nyumba ya virusi kwaniia ya Rancho kuthibitisha mapenzi yake juu ya Pia wakati, Farhan na Raju wao walikuwa wakikojua katika ukuta wa Virusi na kupiga kelele ambazo zilimuamsha Virusi na katika harakati za kukimbia virusi alimuona Farhan na Virusi akamwabia aandike barua atakayokiri makosa yake ili afukuzwe chuoni hapo au awashitaki wenzake ili wafukuzwe, Farhan aliamua kujiua lakini alipona kwa msaada wa marafiki na wanafamilia. Kwamwanzo mpya wa maisha yake Raju alifanikiwa kupata kazi wakati, Raju alipokea ofa kutoka kwa mpiga picha wake kipenzi na kupewa baraka na baba yake. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za India]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2009]] gapa5b6uiakdbuzdd43pnjrl2igk3e1 Kenneth Best 0 136723 1241139 1188812 2022-08-08T14:46:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Kenneth J Harvey wins Best Canadian Work at Le Fifa 2019.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Kenneth_J_Harvey_wins_Best_Canadian_Work_at_Le_Fifa_2019]] '''Kenneth Best''' alizaliwa mnamo Oktoba mwaka [[1938]] huko ''Harrisburg'', Mto Mtakatifu Paul huko Kaunti ya ''Montserrado'', ''Liberia'' kwa wazazi wa Amerika-Liberia wa Uhindi Magharibi.Amesoma Elementary ya St.Patrick kwenye ''Snapper Hill'', ''Monrovia''. Aliingia Taasisi ya ''Booker Washington'' mnamo mwaka [1959]], akihitimu diploma katika kilimo.n 2 Desemba [[1963]], alihitimu shahada ya kwanza katika sayansi ya Kiingereza na siasa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha ''Cuttington (CU)'' baada ya kusoma hapo tangu mwaka [[1960]].Katika miaka yake huko CU, aliendesha jarida la fasihi,Kamusi ya Kihistoria ya Liberia.Mnamo tarehe 3 Desemba [[1963]], aliteuliwa kuwa Msaidizi wa Mkuu wa Sanaa huria ya Chuo Kikuu ya Liberia.Kati ya [[1963] na [[1965]], alikuwa mwandishi wa habari katika Ofisi ya Vyombo vya Habari na Machapisho kwa serikali ya Liberia."Kamusi ya Kihistoria Mnamo Aprili [[1964]], alikua afisa habari wa Idara ya Habari na Utamaduni katika serikali ya Tolbert. Alisomea uandishi wa habari huko Institut für Publizistik huko Berlin, Ujerumani Magharibi na baadaye katika Chuo Kikuu cha Uhitimu cha Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia | Shule ya Uzamili ya Uandishi wa Habari katika Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia, New York, ambapo alipokea Shahada ya Uzamili ya Uandishi wa Habari kulinganisha mnamo [[1967]]. Bora kuongea wakati wa Kuanza kwa n 2 Desemba [[1963]], alihitimu shahada ya kwanza katika sayansi ya Kiingereza na siasa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Cuttington (CU) baada ya kusoma hapo tangu [[1960]].Katika miaka yake huko CU, aliendesha jarida la fasihi, Mnamo tarehe 3 Desemba [[1963]], aliteuliwa kuwa Msaidizi wa Mkuu wa Sanaa huria ya Chuo Kikuu ya Liberia. Kati ya [[1963]] na [[1965]], alikuwa mwandishi wa habari katika Ofisi ya Vyombo vya Habari na Machapisho kwa serikali ya Liberia.Mnamo Aprili [[1964]], alikua afisa habari wa Idara ya Habari na Utamaduni katika serikali ya Tolbert. Alisomea uandishi wa habari huko Institut für Publizistik huko Berlin, Ujerumani Magharibi na baadaye katika Chuo Kikuu cha Uhitimu cha Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia | Shule ya Uzamili ya Uandishi wa Habari katika Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia, New York, ambapo alipokea Shahada ya Uzamili ya Uandishi wa Habari kulinganisha mnamo [[1967]]. Mnamo mwaka [[1968]], alirudi nyumbani Liberia na kuwa Mkurugenzi wa Vyombo vya Habari na Machapisho. Mnamo mwaka wa [[1972]], alikua Waziri Msaidizi wa Habari katika Wizara ya Habari, Utamaduni na Utalii ya Liberia (MICAT). mkurugenzi wa All Africa Conference of Churches (AACC) jijini Nairobi.. Alijiuzulu kutoka AACC mnamo mwaka [[1980]] na kurudi Liberia. Mnamo Februari [[1981]], Best na mkewe walianzisha "Daily Observer", gazeti la kwanza la kujitegemea la Liberia. Chini ya Urais wa Samuel Doe, "Daily Observer" alikuwa chini ya unyanyasaji wa kisiasa."Ukristo na Siasa katika Liberia ya Doe", [[Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya kwanza vya Liberia]] ilisababisha Best kuhamisha familia yake kwa kukimbilia Gambia mnamo 1 Agosti [[1990]].Huko alianzisha gazeti la kwanza la kila siku la Gambia mnamo 11 Mei [[1992]], tena inaitwa Mnamo Oktoba [[1994]], kufuatia mapinduzi ya kijeshi Yahya Jammeh, Best alifukuzwa kutoka Gambia.Baada ya gazeti kueneza mfululizo wa hadithi ambazo zilikosoa AFPRC juu ya ukiukaji wa haki za binadamu. Yeye na familia yake walihamia Marekani na wakapewa hifadhi ya kisiasa mnamo Januari [[1995]]. Mnamo [[1999]], aliuza "The Daily Observer" kwa mfanyabiashara Amadou Samba, ambaye aliungwa mkono na Jammeh. Alirudi Liberia mnamo Juni [[2005]] na kuzindua tena gazeti lake la zamani. Aliendelea kutumika kama mchapishaji na mhariri wa "Daily Observer" wa Liberia, ambayo iliendelea kukosoa serikali.Mnamo mwaka wa [[2012]], iliyochapishwa zaidi '' The Evolution of Liberia's Democracy: A Short angalia Historia ya Uchaguzi ya Liberia. Alioa Mae Gene Traub mnamo Julai 17, [[1971]]. Wanandoa hao wana watoto wanane, wakiwemo watoto wawili wa kulelewa. =Marejeo= [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Liberia]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] qtszvyx0ck7j1cg4f3klsob79ki70wq Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Afrika 0 138430 1241102 1236919 2022-08-08T14:05:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:International_University_of_Africa.jpg|thumb|Chuo kikuu cha Kimataifa]] '''Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Afrika''' ni [[chuo kikuu]] kinachopatikana [[Jiji|jijini]] [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]. == Historia == [[Chuo]] hicho kilianzishwa mnamo [[1983]] kama Shule ya Uhitimu ya Kiinjili ya Nairobi (N.E.G.S.T.) kupitia maono ya Chama cha Wainjilishaji [[Bara|barani]] [[Afrika]]. Lengo lilikuwa kutoa mafunzo kwa [[wachungaji]] zaidi, vya viwango vya msingi kwa ngazi ya cheti na diploma Mnamo Machi 2011, A.I.U. ilipewa na [[serikali]] ya [[Kenya]] hati ya [[chuo kikuu]] na imeendelea kuandaa programu za [[shahada]] ya kwanza, haswa katika [[biashara]], ICT, Mafunzo ya Maendeleo na Saikolojia ya Ushauri<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africa International University - Our History|url=https://www.aiu.ac.ke/about-aiu/our-history|work=www.aiu.ac.ke|accessdate=2021-06-19}}</ref> == Programu == AIU inatoa kabla ya chuo kikuu, shahada ya kwanza, uzamili, shahada ya pili na shahada ya tatu . === Programu za shahada ya kwanza === # Shahada ya Sanaa katika Saikolojia na Ushauri (miaka 4 au miaka 2 kwa wale waliyotoka Stashahada husika) # Shahada ya Usimamizi wa Biashara (miaka 4 au miaka 2 kwa wale waliyotoka Stashahada husika) # Shahada ya Theolojia (Th.B.) (miaka 4 au miaka 2 kwa wamiliki wa Stashahada ya Theolojia) # Shahada ya elimu === Ukuaji wa watoto wa mapema === # Elimu ya msingi # Elimu ya sekondari # Shahada ya Sanaa katika Mafunzo ya Maendeleo (miaka 4) # Maendeleo Endelevu ya Jamii<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africa International University - Courses Offered|url=http://www.aiu.ac.ke/index.php/admissions/courses-offered.html|work=web.archive.org|date=2014-10-08|accessdate=2021-06-19|archivedate=2014-10-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008010827/http://www.aiu.ac.ke/index.php/admissions/courses-offered.html}}</ref> === Maendeleo ya mijini === # Shahada ya Sayansi katika Ujasiriamali (miaka 4) # Shahada ya Sayansi katika Uhasibu na Usimamizi wa Fedha (miaka 4) # Shahada ya Sayansi katika Teknolojia ya Mawasiliano ya Habari (miaka 4) # Mfumo wa Habari wa Usimamizi # Maendeleo ya Programu # Mtandao wa Kompyuta<ref>{{Cite web|title=Questia|url=https://www.gale.com/databases/questia|work=www.gale.com|accessdate=2021-06-19|language=en}}</ref> === Programu za Shahada ya pili === # Programu za Shahada ya pili Theolojia (Th.M.) (miaka 2) # Th.M. katika Mafunzo ya Kibiblia (miaka 2) # Th.M. katika Masomo ya Misheni (miaka 2) # Th.M. katika Ukristo Ulimwenguni (miaka 2) === Shahada ya pili ya Uungu (M.Div.) (Miaka 3 ya wakati wote) === # M.Div. katika Mafunzo ya Kibiblia # M.Div. katika Elimu ya Kanisa # M.Div. katika Historia ya Kanisa # M.Div. Mkuu # M.Div. katika Masomo ya Misheni # M.Div. katika Masomo ya Kichungaji # M.Div. katika Mafunzo ya Kitheolojia # M.Div. katika Mafunzo ya Tafsiri === Shahada ya pili ya Sanaa (miaka 2 ya wakati wote, miaka 3 muda wa muda) === # Shahada ya plii katika Mafunzo ya Kibiblia # Shahada ya pili katika Historia ya Kanisa # Shahada ya pili katika Mafunzo ya Tafsiri # Shahada ya pili katika Misheni # Mkazo wa Kiislamu # Shahada ya pili katika Uongozi wa Shirika # Shahada ya pii katika Masomo ya Kichungaji # shahada ya pili katika Theolojia Mwalimu wa Elimu Maendeleo ya Mtoto na Mafunzo ya Familia Elimu ya Kanisa # Mtaala na Maagizo # Uongozi wa Kielimu na Utawala === Programu za udaktari === # Shahada ya tatu. katika Elimu (miaka 4) # Mtaala na Maagizo # Elimu ya Kanisa # Uongozi wa Kielimu na Utawala # Maendeleo ya Mtoto na Mafunzo ya Familia # Shahada ya tatu. katika Mafunzo ya Tafsiri # Shahada ya tatu katika Mafunzo ya Dini # shahada ya tatu katika Theolojia ya Vitendo (Inakuja hivi karibuni) # shahada ya tatu. katika Mafunzo ya Kitheolojia (miaka 4) # Mafunzo ya Kibiblia # Ukristo Ulimwenguni # Masomo ya misheni # Teolojia na Maendeleo # Teolojia na Utamaduni # Teolojia ya kimfumo<ref>{{Cite web|title=Questia|url=https://www.gale.com/databases/questia|work=www.gale.com|accessdate=2021-06-19|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{nairobi}} [[Jamii:Elimu jijini Nairobi]] [[Jamii:Elimu ya Kenya]] kawctu78c396buz6reglnwy4kefnm2c Chuo Kikuu cha Ufundi cha Kenya 0 138449 1241091 1174007 2022-08-08T13:56:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chuo Kikuu cha Ufundi cha Kenya''' (TU-K) ni [[chuo kikuu]] cha umma huko [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]. Kiliandikishwa mnamo Januari 2013 na aliyekua rais wa wakati huo wa Kenya [[Mwai Kibaki]]. == historia == Chuo Kikuu cha Ufundi cha Kenya kilikua kutoka kwa Polytechnic ya Kenya. Kenya Polytechnic ilianzishwa mnamo mwaka 1961. <ref>{{Cite web|title=TU-K Profile - The Historical Background|url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile|work=The Technical University of Kenya|date=2013-01-31|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=en|author=tukict}}</ref> Mapendekezo ya kuanzishwa kwa taasisi ya ufundi jijini Nairobi yalitangazwa katika Ripoti ya Willoughby iliyochapishwa mnamo mwaka 1949. Hii ilisababisha kuundwa kwa Chuo cha Ufundi cha Royal cha Afrika Mashariki (RTCEA). <ref>{{Cite web|title=The First Technical University in Kenya|url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/the-granting-of-the-charter|work=The Technical University of Kenya|date=2013-01-28|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=en|author=tukict}}</ref> Lengo lilikuwa kuanzisha chuo cha ufundi jijini Nairobi ambacho kitatoa elimu na mafunzo ya ufundi na viwango vya nusu taaluma kwa maeneo matatu ya Afrika Mashariki ambayo ni Kenya, Uganda, na Tanganyika. Ilikuwa muhimu wakati huo katika kila wilaya kuwe na wanafunzi walio kidhi vigezo vya kutosha kujiunga na RTCEA.Wakati Uganda na Tanganyika zilianzisha taasisi za kiufundi huko Kampala na Dar es Salaam kwaajili ya kuandaa watahiniwa kujiunga na RTCEA, Kenya iliamua kuanzisha mitiririko ya darasa chini ya jina la Taasisi ya Ufundi ya Kenya (KTI) huko RTCEA. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The First Technical University in Kenya|url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/the-granting-of-the-charter|work=The Technical University of Kenya|date=2013-01-28|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=en|author=tukict}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=TU-K Profile - The Historical Background|url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile|work=The Technical University of Kenya|date=2013-01-31|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=en|author=tukict}}</ref> Kufikia mwaka 1960 ilikuwa imeamuliwa kwamba Chuo cha Ufundi cha Royal cha Afrika Mashariki kinapaswa kuongeza jukumu lake la kutoa digrii. Kwa hivyo mnamo 1960, RTCEA ilipewa mamlaka ya kutoa shahada za Chuo Kikuu cha London chini ya mpango maalum. kwaajili ya sifa hii mpya, chuo kilibadilishwa jina na kuitwa Royal College Nairobi<ref>{{Cite web|title=From Royal Technical College to University of Nairobi {{!}} Taylor & Francis Group|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9781315134611-8/royal-technical-college-university-nairobi-gregory-robert|work=Taylor & Francis|accessdate=2021-06-20|doi=10.4324/9781315134611-8|language=en}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{nairobi}} {{mbegu-elimu}} [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Editathon 2021-06 Morogor]] [[Jamii:Elimu jijini Nairobi]] hwakvirzuz7jdtg8wwz4k58nhfx7mu5 Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Marekani - Afrika 0 138528 1241089 1200878 2022-08-08T13:53:50Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Marekani Afrika''' (pia kinajulikana kama USIU Africa) ni [[chuo kikuu]] cha kitaifa nchini [[Kenya]], uchumi mkubwa zaidi katika Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki. <ref>{{Cite web|title=USIU Kenya: United States International University Kenya|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/260496-usiu-kenya-united-states-international-university-kenya.html|work=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.|date=2017-12-15|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=en|author=Julie Kwach}}</ref> Chuo kikuu kimethibitishwa na Tume ya Elimu ya Juu (CUE) nchini Kenya na Chama cha Magharibi cha Shule na Vyuo Vikuu (WASC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Accreditation|url=https://www.usiu.ac.ke/accreditation/|work=USIU-Africa|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=en-US|author=USIU-Africa}}</ref><ref>http://www.cue.or.ke/index.php/status-of-universities-universities-authorized-to-operate-in-kenya-1</ref> == Mahali == Kampasi ya chuo kikuu iko jirani na Roysambu, katika kitongoji cha Kasarani cha jijini Nairobi, mji mkuu wa Kenya . Eneo hili liko takriban kilomita 12 (mi 7), kwa barabara, kaskazini mashariki mwa wilaya kuu ya biashara ya Nairobi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Distance between Nairobi Central, Nairobi, Kenya and United States International University - Africa, Kasarani area, off Thika Road, Nairobi, Kenya (Kenya)|url=https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Nairobi%20Central,%20Nairobi,%20Kenya&toplace=United%20States%20International%20University%20-%20Africa,%20Kasarani%20area,%20off%20Thika%20Road,%20Nairobi,%20Kenya&dt1=ChIJNe4z_9QQLxgRVVtoNpaFdCw&dt2=ChIJe2nSJvgVLxgRpbWxPANGNyg|work=distancecalculator.globefeed.com|accessdate=2021-06-20}}</ref>Kuratibu za chuo kikuu ni: 01 ° 13'05.0 "S, 36 ° 52'45.0" E (Latitude: -1.218056; Longitude: 36.879167).<ref>{{Cite web|title=1°13'05.0"S 36°52'45.0"E · Thika Rd, Nairobi, Kenya|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/1%C2%B013%2705.0%22S+36%C2%B052%2745.0%22E/@-1.2214236,36.8729281,13z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0|work=1°13'05.0"S 36°52'45.0"E · Thika Rd, Nairobi, Kenya|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=sw-US}}</ref> == Historia == Chuo kikuu kilianzishwa mnamo mwaka 1969 kama Chuo cha Nairobi Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Amerika (USIU), taasisi ya San Diego. Mnamo mwaka 1999, Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Amerika, Nairobi kampasi, kilijiimarisha kama chuo kikuu tofauti chini ya jina lake mpya: USIU Africa.Mnamo 2001, USIU iliungana na Shule ya Saikolojia ya Utaalam ya California (CSPP) kuunda Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Alliant.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1°13'05.0"S 36°52'45.0"E · Thika Rd, Nairobi, Kenya|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/1%C2%B013%2705.0%22S+36%C2%B052%2745.0%22E/@-1.2214236,36.8729281,13z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0|work=1°13'05.0"S 36°52'45.0"E · Thika Rd, Nairobi, Kenya|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=sw-US}}</ref> Zaidi ya mataifa 130 yanawakilishwa kati ya idadi ya wanafunzi waliopata shahada ya 24, wahitimu na mipango ya udaktari huko USIU Afrika. Chuo kikuu kina idadi ya watu wa alumni zaidi ya 140,000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=USIU Kenya: United States International University Kenya|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/260496-usiu-kenya-united-states-international-university-kenya.html|work=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.|date=2017-12-15|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=en|author=Julie Kwach}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{nairobi}} [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Editathon 2021-06 Morogor]] [[Jamii:Elimu jijiniNairobi]] oaod9vjqia9rf3f1xdy54otlbirmwlv 1241090 1241089 2022-08-08T13:54:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tanbihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Marekani Afrika''' (pia kinajulikana kama USIU Africa) ni [[chuo kikuu]] cha kitaifa nchini [[Kenya]], uchumi mkubwa zaidi katika Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki. <ref>{{Cite web|title=USIU Kenya: United States International University Kenya|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/260496-usiu-kenya-united-states-international-university-kenya.html|work=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.|date=2017-12-15|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=en|author=Julie Kwach}}</ref> Chuo kikuu kimethibitishwa na Tume ya Elimu ya Juu (CUE) nchini Kenya na Chama cha Magharibi cha Shule na Vyuo Vikuu (WASC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Accreditation|url=https://www.usiu.ac.ke/accreditation/|work=USIU-Africa|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=en-US|author=USIU-Africa}}</ref><ref>http://www.cue.or.ke/index.php/status-of-universities-universities-authorized-to-operate-in-kenya-1</ref> == Mahali == Kampasi ya chuo kikuu iko jirani na Roysambu, katika kitongoji cha Kasarani cha jijini Nairobi, mji mkuu wa Kenya . Eneo hili liko takriban kilomita 12 (mi 7), kwa barabara, kaskazini mashariki mwa wilaya kuu ya biashara ya Nairobi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Distance between Nairobi Central, Nairobi, Kenya and United States International University - Africa, Kasarani area, off Thika Road, Nairobi, Kenya (Kenya)|url=https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Nairobi%20Central,%20Nairobi,%20Kenya&toplace=United%20States%20International%20University%20-%20Africa,%20Kasarani%20area,%20off%20Thika%20Road,%20Nairobi,%20Kenya&dt1=ChIJNe4z_9QQLxgRVVtoNpaFdCw&dt2=ChIJe2nSJvgVLxgRpbWxPANGNyg|work=distancecalculator.globefeed.com|accessdate=2021-06-20}}</ref>Kuratibu za chuo kikuu ni: 01 ° 13'05.0 "S, 36 ° 52'45.0" E (Latitude: -1.218056; Longitude: 36.879167).<ref>{{Cite web|title=1°13'05.0"S 36°52'45.0"E · Thika Rd, Nairobi, Kenya|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/1%C2%B013%2705.0%22S+36%C2%B052%2745.0%22E/@-1.2214236,36.8729281,13z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0|work=1°13'05.0"S 36°52'45.0"E · Thika Rd, Nairobi, Kenya|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=sw-US}}</ref> == Historia == Chuo kikuu kilianzishwa mnamo mwaka 1969 kama Chuo cha Nairobi Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Amerika (USIU), taasisi ya San Diego. Mnamo mwaka 1999, Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Amerika, Nairobi kampasi, kilijiimarisha kama chuo kikuu tofauti chini ya jina lake mpya: USIU Africa.Mnamo 2001, USIU iliungana na Shule ya Saikolojia ya Utaalam ya California (CSPP) kuunda Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Alliant.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1°13'05.0"S 36°52'45.0"E · Thika Rd, Nairobi, Kenya|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/1%C2%B013%2705.0%22S+36%C2%B052%2745.0%22E/@-1.2214236,36.8729281,13z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0|work=1°13'05.0"S 36°52'45.0"E · Thika Rd, Nairobi, Kenya|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=sw-US}}</ref> Zaidi ya mataifa 130 yanawakilishwa kati ya idadi ya wanafunzi waliopata shahada ya 24, wahitimu na mipango ya udaktari huko USIU Afrika. Chuo kikuu kina idadi ya watu wa alumni zaidi ya 140,000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=USIU Kenya: United States International University Kenya|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/260496-usiu-kenya-united-states-international-university-kenya.html|work=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.|date=2017-12-15|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=en|author=Julie Kwach}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{nairobi}} [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Editathon 2021-06 Morogor]] [[Jamii:Elimu jijini Nairobi]] dadvsjzmsaq38mqb1rv6r5h6yr0725x 1241104 1241090 2022-08-08T14:07:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Marekani cha Afrika]] hadi [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Marekani - Afrika]]: Usahihi wa jina wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Marekani Afrika''' (pia kinajulikana kama USIU Africa) ni [[chuo kikuu]] cha kitaifa nchini [[Kenya]], uchumi mkubwa zaidi katika Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki. <ref>{{Cite web|title=USIU Kenya: United States International University Kenya|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/260496-usiu-kenya-united-states-international-university-kenya.html|work=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.|date=2017-12-15|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=en|author=Julie Kwach}}</ref> Chuo kikuu kimethibitishwa na Tume ya Elimu ya Juu (CUE) nchini Kenya na Chama cha Magharibi cha Shule na Vyuo Vikuu (WASC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Accreditation|url=https://www.usiu.ac.ke/accreditation/|work=USIU-Africa|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=en-US|author=USIU-Africa}}</ref><ref>http://www.cue.or.ke/index.php/status-of-universities-universities-authorized-to-operate-in-kenya-1</ref> == Mahali == Kampasi ya chuo kikuu iko jirani na Roysambu, katika kitongoji cha Kasarani cha jijini Nairobi, mji mkuu wa Kenya . Eneo hili liko takriban kilomita 12 (mi 7), kwa barabara, kaskazini mashariki mwa wilaya kuu ya biashara ya Nairobi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Distance between Nairobi Central, Nairobi, Kenya and United States International University - Africa, Kasarani area, off Thika Road, Nairobi, Kenya (Kenya)|url=https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Nairobi%20Central,%20Nairobi,%20Kenya&toplace=United%20States%20International%20University%20-%20Africa,%20Kasarani%20area,%20off%20Thika%20Road,%20Nairobi,%20Kenya&dt1=ChIJNe4z_9QQLxgRVVtoNpaFdCw&dt2=ChIJe2nSJvgVLxgRpbWxPANGNyg|work=distancecalculator.globefeed.com|accessdate=2021-06-20}}</ref>Kuratibu za chuo kikuu ni: 01 ° 13'05.0 "S, 36 ° 52'45.0" E (Latitude: -1.218056; Longitude: 36.879167).<ref>{{Cite web|title=1°13'05.0"S 36°52'45.0"E · Thika Rd, Nairobi, Kenya|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/1%C2%B013%2705.0%22S+36%C2%B052%2745.0%22E/@-1.2214236,36.8729281,13z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0|work=1°13'05.0"S 36°52'45.0"E · Thika Rd, Nairobi, Kenya|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=sw-US}}</ref> == Historia == Chuo kikuu kilianzishwa mnamo mwaka 1969 kama Chuo cha Nairobi Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Amerika (USIU), taasisi ya San Diego. Mnamo mwaka 1999, Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Amerika, Nairobi kampasi, kilijiimarisha kama chuo kikuu tofauti chini ya jina lake mpya: USIU Africa.Mnamo 2001, USIU iliungana na Shule ya Saikolojia ya Utaalam ya California (CSPP) kuunda Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Alliant.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1°13'05.0"S 36°52'45.0"E · Thika Rd, Nairobi, Kenya|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/1%C2%B013%2705.0%22S+36%C2%B052%2745.0%22E/@-1.2214236,36.8729281,13z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0|work=1°13'05.0"S 36°52'45.0"E · Thika Rd, Nairobi, Kenya|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=sw-US}}</ref> Zaidi ya mataifa 130 yanawakilishwa kati ya idadi ya wanafunzi waliopata shahada ya 24, wahitimu na mipango ya udaktari huko USIU Afrika. Chuo kikuu kina idadi ya watu wa alumni zaidi ya 140,000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=USIU Kenya: United States International University Kenya|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/260496-usiu-kenya-united-states-international-university-kenya.html|work=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.|date=2017-12-15|accessdate=2021-06-20|language=en|author=Julie Kwach}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{nairobi}} [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Editathon 2021-06 Morogor]] [[Jamii:Elimu jijini Nairobi]] dadvsjzmsaq38mqb1rv6r5h6yr0725x Barsen 0 143084 1241132 1194635 2022-08-08T14:37:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barsen wa Edessa''' (pia: '''Barses, Barsus, Barsas'''; alifariki Filo au Thenon, [[Misri]], [[Machi]] [[378]]) alikuwa [[askofu]] wa [[Carre]], halafu [[askofu mkuu]] wa [[Edessa]], leo [[Urfa]], nchini [[Uturuki]], kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[361]], baada ya kuishi miaka mingi kama [[mkaapweke]]. Mwaka [[373]] alifukuzwa [[dayosisi|jimboni]] kutokana na [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Valens]] aliyetetea [[Uario]] <ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/Detailed/74180.html</ref>. Kwanza alipelekwa katika [[kisiwa]] cha [[Arwad]], huko [[Foinike]] (leo nchini [[Syria]]), halafu [[el-Bahnasa]], [[Misri]], hatimaye mbali zaidi na [[watu]] karibu na [[Libya]]. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Waorthodoksi]] na [[Wakatoliki]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[15 Oktoba]]<ref>''Martyrologium Romanum'', 2004</ref> au [[25 Agosti]]. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 378]] [[Jamii:Wakaapweke]] [[Category:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Misri]] qw61id4h790p5xyx54dogkye8kkvhzg Samia Amin 0 143883 1240940 1196648 2022-08-08T12:05:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samia Amin''' (24 Machi [[1945]] - 2 Agosti [[2020]]) alikuwa mwigizaji huko [[Misri]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.albayan.ae/five-senses/east-and-west/2020-08-02-1.3927635|title=بعد صراع مع المرض.. وفاة الفنانة سامية أمين - فكر وفن - شرق وغرب - البيان|first=البيان|last=الإلكتروني|website=www.albayan.ae}}</ref>. == Kazi == Amin alianza kazi yake mnamo mwaka 1967, na alicheza nafasi kama vile [[Sa'idi Kiarabu]] mwanamke na mkulima. Wakati wa kazi yake, alishiriki katika ukumbi wa michezo zaidi ya 30 na kazi za Runinga.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.emaratalyoum.com/life/celebrities/2020-08-02-1.1381988|title=وفاة الفنانة المصرية سامية أمين|lang=ar|trans-title=Death of the Egyptian actress Samia Amin|website=Emarat Alyoum|accessdate=27 June 2021|date=20 August 2020}}</ref> Moja ya majukumu yake, maarufu ilikuwa uigizaji wake katika safu ya runinga {{ill|adh-Dho' ash-Sharad|ar|الضوء الشارد (مسلسل)}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aawsat.com/home/article/2425556/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA-%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B6|website=al-Sharq al-Awsat|title=الموت يغيب الفنانة المصرية سامية أمين بعد صراع مع المرض|lang=ar|trans-title=The Egyptian artist Samia Amin passes away after a struggle with illness|date=20 August 2020|accessdate=27 June 2021}}</ref> mtoto/mwanawe alikuwa mwaigizaji {{ill|Ahmed Eldemerdash|ar|أحمد الدمرداش}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=تعرف على أهم أعمال الفنانة الراحلة سامية أمين |url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/8/2/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86/4909748 |work=[[Youm7]] |date=2 August 2020}}</ref> Amin alikufa akiwa na miaka 75.<ref name="auto"/> ==Marejeo== {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Arusha MoAC]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] bwmkbztq5zz0uuvc3gbs51aarumb3qi Carrie Underwood 0 146564 1241313 1211537 2022-08-09T06:41:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.9 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carrie Marie Underwood''' (alizaliwa [[10 Machi]] [[1983]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ccmhalloffame.com/inductee/carrie-underwood/|title=Carrie Underwood|publisher=Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame|access-date=November 5, 2020|accessdate=2022-02-20|archivedate=2021-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102759/https://www.ccmhalloffame.com/inductee/carrie-underwood/}}</ref> ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi]] wa [[nyimbo]] wa [[Marekani]]. Alipata umaarufu baada ya kushinda msimu wa nne wa ''American Idol'' mnamo [[mwaka]] [[2005]]. Wimbo wa kwanza wa Underwood, unaojulikana kama "Inside Your Heaven", uliofanya kuwa msanii wa kipekee kuibuka katika nafasi ya kwanza kwenye chati ya [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] na ndiye msanii pekee wa nchini humo katika miaka ya [[2000]] kuwa na wimbo nambari moja kwenye Hot 100. Albamu yake ya kwanza, iliyoitwa ''Some Hearts'' mnamo [[2005]]. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] 6vxtn9exw8cejb4akcr7424aknnlvr2 Jamii:Ujasiriamali Tanzania 14 146931 1241119 1232891 2022-08-08T14:21:56Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Jamii:Uchumi wa Tanzania]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[jamii:Uchumi wa Tanzania]] t2vhgi59h4qon0bvmcfm8w1rxi173ji Anna Phosa 0 146944 1241131 1212743 2022-08-08T14:36:58Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Phosa''' ni mmoja ya wafugaji wakubwa wa [[nguruwe]], na msambazaji mkubwa wa [[nyama]] ya Nguruwe nchini [[Afrika ya Kusini]].<ref>https://foundersafrica.com/meet-anna-phosa-south-africas-celebrity-pig-farmer/</ref> Ni mmoja ya kina [[mama]] wachache wajasiliamali katika ufugaji wa kibiahara wa Nguruwe nchini Afrika ya Kusini. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Afrika ya Kusini]] [[Jamii:WikiVibrance_Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afrika Kusini]] aytqh6m9lohj9rjr63al13sqmjr70tf Dobet Gnahore 0 147771 1241003 1220310 2022-08-08T12:23:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dobet Gnahoré''' (amezaliwa 17 Juni 1982) ni mwimbaji kutoka [[Côte d'Ivoire]]. Binti wa mpiga mdundo, anacheza na kikundi cha '''Na Afriki''', kinachojumuisha wanamuziki wa Ufaransa na Tunisia, ambao huandamana naye na [[gitaa]], [[Mbira|sanza]], ile [[balafon]], [[Calabash (percussion)|calebasse]] na [[bongos]]. Kwa sababu ya vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe, alihamia Ufaransa mnamo 1999. Mnamo 2004, ''Gnahoré'' alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza ''Ano Neko''. Mnamo 2006. Aliteuliwa na kuwa mwanamziki mkubwa wa kimataifa (Tuzo)]] na alishiriki tuzo ya Utendaji Bora wa Mjini/Mbadala na [[India.Arie]]. ==Maisha ya mwanzo== Mwanamuziki aliyejifundisha, ambaye hujumuisha vipengele vya wimbo, dansi, midundo na maigizo katika safu yake ya uigizaji, yeye ni binti wa mwigizaji wa ngoma [[Boni Gnahoré]], ambaye hutumbuiza naye na dada wa mshiriki wa bendi ya kiff no beat Black k. Aliishi [[Marseille]] mwaka wa 1999 kutokana na vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/worldmusic/a4wm2006/a4wm_dobet .shtml|title=DOBET GNAHORE (IVORY COAST)|publisher=BBC|accessdate=25 Novemba 2016}}</ref> ==Kazi== Nchini Ufaransa, Gnahoré alikutana na mpiga gitaa [[Colin Laroche de Féline]] na kuamua kuunda bendi, '''Na Afriki'''. Inajumuisha hasa wanamuziki wa Kifaransa na Tunisia, ambao huandamana naye na [[Mbira|sanza]], [[balafon]], [[Calabash (percussion)|calebasse]] na [[bongo]]. Kundi hili lilizuru Kongo, Gabon, Chad na Equatorial Guinea katika miaka ya 2000, na vipengele vya muziki kutoka nchi kadhaa za Afrika vinaonekana, ikiwa ni pamoja na Cameroon [[bikutsi]], Kongo, Afrika Mashariki [[rumba ya Kongo|rumba]] na [ [Muziki wa Mande|Muziki wa kutengeneza]], pamoja na [[reggae]]. Nyimbo zake mara nyingi hushughulikia masuala muhimu ya kijamii, ikiwa ni pamoja na umuhimu wa familia na UKIMWI. Anaweza kuimba katika lugha saba tofauti.<ref name="BBC"/> Muziki wake unaanzia "mipira maridadi hadi miondoko ya Kiafrika".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cumbancha.com/ dobetgnahore|title=Dobet Gnahoré|publisher=Cumbancha|accessdate=25 Novemba 2016}}</ref> In 2004, ''Gnahoré'' released her debut album ''Ano Neko'' ('let's create together'). She was a nominee at the 2006 [[World music (Awards)]] for Newcomer and in 2010 she shared an award for '''Best Urban/Alternative Performance''' for the song “Pearls” with [[India.Arie]] at the [[52nd Grammy Awards]].<ref name="BBC"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dakotacooks.com/artist/dobet-gnahore/|title=Dobet Gnahoré|publisher=Dakota Cooks|accessdate=25 November 2016}}</ref> == Diskografia == ===Albamu=== * ''[[Ano Neko]]'', 2004 * ''[[Na Afriki]]'', 2007 * ''[[[Djekpa La You]]'', 2010 * ''[[Na Drê]]'', 2014 * ''[[Miziki]]'', 2018 * ''[[Couleur (hakuna ukurasa)|Couleur]]'', 2021 == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons cat|Dobet Gnahoré}} *[http://dobetgnahore.com/ tovuti ya Dobet Gnahoré] *[http://www.facebook.com/dobetgnahore ukurasa wa Facebook] {{DEFAULTSORT:Gnahore, Dobet}} [[jamii:waimbaji wa Cote d'Ivoire]] [[jamii:Washindi wa Tuzo za Grammy]] [[jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Afrocuration Project 2022 Tanzania]] l7sh08huoa3064b4nkfu7h82s3a73zh Electrical engineering 0 147868 1241110 1215872 2022-08-08T14:15:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Changed redirect target from [[Ufundi Umeme]] to [[Uhandisi wa umeme]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uhandisi wa umeme]] lrojbwoahb5a58n64z9l010hvahw7is Nairobi National Museum 0 148587 1241093 1219562 2022-08-08T14:00:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Kenya''' (NMK) ni shirika la serikali linalosimamia makumbusho, mahali na makaburi nchini [[Kenya]]. Inafanya utafiti wa urithi, na ina utaalamu katika masomo kuanzia paleontolojia, ethnografia na utafiti na uhifadhi wa viumbe hai. Makao makuu yake na Jumba la Makumbusho la Kitaifa ('''Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Nairobi''') kwenye Mlima wa Makumbusho, karibu na Barabara kuu ya Uhuru kati ya Wilaya ya Biashara ya Kati na Westlands jijini Nairobi. Jumba la Makumbusho la Kitaifa la Kenya lilianzishwa na Jumuiya ya Historia ya Asili ya Afrika Mashariki (E.A.N.H.S.) mnamo 1910. Lengo kuu la Jumuiya siku zote limekuwa kufanya uchunguzi wa kina wa kisayansi unaoendelea wa sifa asilia za makazi ya Afrika Mashariki. Jumba la makumbusho lina makusanyo, na maonyesho ya muda na ya kudumu. Hivi leo Jumba la Makumbusho la Kitaifa la Kenya linasimamia zaidi ya makumbusho 22 ya kanda, tovuti nyingi, na makaburi kote nchini. {{nairobi}} [[Jamii:Makumbusho ya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Nairobi]] 5bd1di4ehoa8fbw0b60ikz0xs1ytrns Black Lives Matter Plaza 0 148626 1241142 1219688 2022-08-08T14:48:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Black Lives Matter Plaza''' (rasmi '''Black Lives Matter Plaza Kaskazini Magharibi''') ni sehemu ya wapita kwa miguu yenye urefu wa vitalu viwili vya 16th mtaa wa [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington's new Black Lives Matter street mural is captured on satellite|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/06/us/black-lives-matter-dc-street-mural-space-trnd/index.html|work=CNN|accessdate=2022-04-16|author=Leah Asmelash CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bowser addresses record crowd at Black Lives Matter Plaza|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/501489-bowser-addresses-record-crowd-at-black-lives-matter-plaza/|work=The Hill|date=2020-06-06|accessdate=2022-04-16|language=en-US|author=Marty Johnson}}</ref> uwanja huo ulibadilishwa jina na Meya Muriel Bowser mnamo Juni 5, 2020, baada ya Idara ya Kazi ya Umma kuchora maneno "Black Lives Matter" katika futi 35 (m 11)herufi kubwa za manjano, pamoja na bendera ya [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C]]., wakati wa mfululizo wa maandamano ya [[George Floyd]] yanayoendelea mjini humo<ref>{{Cite web|title=D.C. Mayor Chides Donald Trump At Largest Protest Since Death Of George Floyd: “We Pushed The Army Away From Our City”|url=https://deadline.com/2020/06/d-c-black-lives-matter-mayor-donald-trump-1202952893/|work=Deadline|date=2020-06-06|accessdate=2022-04-16|language=en-US|author=Ted Johnson, Ted Johnson}}</ref>.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Guardian|date=2022-04-05|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Guardian&oldid=1081067126|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-04-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Google, Bing Maps Add Black Lives Matter Plaza to D.C. Map|url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/news/google-maps-black-lives-matter-plaza/|work=Digital Trends|date=2020-06-09|accessdate=2022-04-16|language=en}}</ref> [[Jamii:2020]] 4l6v2wdp77c4w8cm8dvwfef1yf3ouji Chirikure Chirikure 0 148818 1241035 1234385 2022-08-08T12:49:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chirikure Chirikure''' (alizaliwa [[1962]]), ni [[mshairi]] wa [[Zimbabwe]], [[mtunzi]] wa [[nyimbo]] na [[mwandishi]]. Ni mhitimu wa [[Chuo Kikuu|chuo kikuu]] cha '''Zimbabwe''' na mshiriki wa heshima wa chuo kikuu cha [[Iowa]], [[Marekani|Marekani.]] Alifanya kazi na mojawapo ya mashirika mashuhuri ya uchapishaji ya '''Zimbabwe''' kama mhariri/mchapishaji kwa miaka 17, hadi [[2002]]. Sasa anaendesha wakala wa fasihi na pia anafanya kazi kama mshairi wa utendaji, mshauri wa kitamaduni na mfasiri. == Kazi ya fasihi == Amechangia baadhi ya vipande katika '''antholojia''' ya mashairi ya '''shona, Zviri Muchinokoro''' (2005, ZPH Publishers). Ameandika na kutafsiri hadithi kadhaa za watoto na kuchapisha baadhi ya vitabu vya kufundishia, na pia amekuwa mchangiaji wa hapa na pale kwenye vyombo vya habari vya uchapishaji na kuendesha kipindi cha redio kwa waandishi wachanga wa Kishona. '''Chirikure''' anaimba mashairi yake peke yake /au na mjumuiko wake wa '''muziki wa mbira'''. Amerekodi albamu ya mashairi na muziki, '''Napukeni (2002)''', akiwa na wenzake, '''DeteMbira Group'''. Pia ameandika maneno ya wanamuziki kadhaa wakuu wa Zimbabwe na mara kwa mara hutumbuiza na baadhi ya wanamuziki hao. == Zawadi == Vitabu vyote vya mashairi vya '''Chirikure''' vilipokea zawadi za kwanza katika tuzo za kila mwaka za mwandishi bora wa mwaka wa '''Zimbabwe'''. Kitabu chake cha kwanza, '''Rukuvhute''', pia kilipokea Kutajwa kwa Heshima katika '''Tuzo ya Noma''' la Uchapishaji Barani [[Afrika]], mwaka wa 1990. Kitabu chake kingine, '''Hakurarwi – tusilale''', kilichaguliwa kuwa miongoni mwa Vitabu 75 Bora vya '''Zimbabwe''' vya Karne ya 20 katika shindano lililoendeshwa na Maonesho ya Vitabu ya Kimataifa ya Zimbabwe mwaka 2004. Katika shindano hilo kitabu hicho hicho kilipata zawadi kama moja ya machapisho matano bora zaidi ya Kishona katika karne ya 20.<ref>https://www.lyrikline.org/en/home/</ref> Chirikure ameshiriki katika tamasha na kongamano kadhaa za ndani na kimataifa kwa miaka mingi. Ameoa na ana watoto watatu. ==Biblia== *''Rukuvhute'' (mashairi kwa Kishona) (1989), Harare: College Press *''Chamupupuri'' (mashairi kwa Kishona) (1994), Harare: College Press *''Hakurarwi - Hatutalala'' (mashairi ya Kishona, yenye tafsiri za Kiingereza) (1994), Vitabu vya Baobab *''Mavende aKiti'' (hadithi za watoto) (1989), Harare: College Press *''Zimbabwe Junior Certificate Shona Revision'' (1989), Harare: College Press *''Marekebisho ya Shona ya Darasa la Saba'' (mwandishi mwenza), (1989), Harare: College Press *''Zviri Muchinokoro'' (mwandishi mwenza; anthology ya mashairi), (2004), Harare: ZPH Publishers *''Aussicht auf eigene Schatten'' (mashairi katika Kishona na Kiingereza, yenye tafsiri za Kijerumani) (2011), Heidelberg, Ujerumani: Verlag Das Wunderhorn ==Diskografia/rekodi za sauti== *''Napukeni'' (albamu ya muziki wa mbira na ushairi) (2002), Tuku Music/ZMC, Harare *''Ray of Hope'' (Albamu ya mkusanyiko wa muziki wa uhamasishaji wa UKIMWI), Rooftop Promotions, Harare *''Chisina Basa'' (albamu iliyorekodiwa mwaka wa 2012), Rooftop Promotions, Harare == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.lyrikline.org/index.php?id=162&L=1&author=cc00&show=Bio&cHash=636455a509 Chirikure Chirikure] katika [[Lyrikline.org]], pamoja na sauti ya mwandishi akisoma, maandishi ya Kishona, na tafsiri. {{DEFAULTSORT:Chirikure}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] 6gv41xn2o7r7zxy4jndfr9ljoe0w7u4 Albert Ssempeke 0 148992 1241038 1234342 2022-08-08T12:50:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Albert Ssempeke''', ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa nchini [[Uganda]]. Pia alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] katika [[ Buganda|falme ya Buganda]] chini ya utawala wa '''Kabaka'''. [[muziki]] wa Albert Ssempeke upo toka enzi kabla ya uhuru wa Buganda.<ref>Kafumbe, Damascus [https://web.archive.org/web/20140222162750/http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2709&context=etd The Kabaka’s Royal Musicians of Buganda-Uganda: Their Role and Significance during Ssekabaka Sir Edward Frederick Muteesa Ii’s Reign (1939-1966)]. The Florida State University DigiNole Commons, Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations, 2006. </ref> Akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka 11, '''Albert''' alianza kucheza filimbi ya endere. Alifunzwa na wapiga debe wa kifalme na akainuka kama [[mwanamuziki]] wa mahakama. Pia aliongeza '''kinubi, ngoma, na kinubi''' cha kiganda chenye nyuzi nane kwenye wimbo wake. Baada ya ufalme wa Buganda kuvunjwa na '''Milton Obote''', muziki wa kifalme ulipungua kwa sababu wengi walikataa kuucheza. Utawala wa [[Idi Amin]] ulipelekea kuzorota zaidi wakati watu wengi walikimbia. Kufikia miaka ya '''1980''', watu wengi walikuwa wamesahau muziki wa kifalme au walikufa, ambapo ilimwacha '''Albert''' kama mmoja wa wanamuziki wa mwisho wa kifalme, na kumfanya apendezwe na wataalam wa '''ethnomusicologists'''. Mnamo '''1987''', alialikwa na '''Peter Cooke''' kuwa Mwanamuziki katika Makazi katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Edinburgh]]. ==Viungo vya nje== *[{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p173860|pure_url=yes}} Muziki wote] *[http://womad.org/?artist_id=1024 WOMAD wasifu] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070313204309/http://www.amadinda.co.uk/ssempeke.do Pongezi kwa Albert Ssempeke] Pia, unaweza kusikiliza hapa sampuli kutoka kwa albamu yake. {{DEFAULTSORT:Ssempeke, Albert}} ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Watu wanaoishi]] 2naog7cm81vlqj8w51wdvzq0jw377dh 1241040 1241038 2022-08-08T12:51:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Albert Ssempeke''', ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa nchini [[Uganda]]. Pia alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] katika [[ Buganda|falme ya Buganda]] chini ya utawala wa '''Kabaka'''. [[muziki]] wa Albert Ssempeke upo toka enzi kabla ya uhuru wa Buganda.<ref>Kafumbe, Damascus [https://web.archive.org/web/20140222162750/http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2709&context=etd The Kabaka’s Royal Musicians of Buganda-Uganda: Their Role and Significance during Ssekabaka Sir Edward Frederick Muteesa Ii’s Reign (1939-1966)]. The Florida State University DigiNole Commons, Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations, 2006. </ref> Akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka 11, '''Albert''' alianza kucheza filimbi ya endere. Alifunzwa na wapiga debe wa kifalme na akainuka kama [[mwanamuziki]] wa mahakama. Pia aliongeza '''kinubi, ngoma, na kinubi''' cha kiganda chenye nyuzi nane kwenye wimbo wake. Baada ya ufalme wa Buganda kuvunjwa na '''Milton Obote''', muziki wa kifalme ulipungua kwa sababu wengi walikataa kuucheza. Utawala wa [[Idi Amin]] ulipelekea kuzorota zaidi wakati watu wengi walikimbia. Kufikia miaka ya '''1980''', watu wengi walikuwa wamesahau muziki wa kifalme au walikufa, ambapo ilimwacha '''Albert''' kama mmoja wa wanamuziki wa mwisho wa kifalme, na kumfanya apendezwe na wataalam wa '''ethnomusicologists'''. Mnamo '''1987''', alialikwa na '''Peter Cooke''' kuwa Mwanamuziki katika Makazi katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Edinburgh]]. ==Viungo vya nje== *[{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p173860|pure_url=yes}} Muziki wote] *[http://womad.org/?artist_id=1024 WOMAD wasifu] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070313204309/http://www.amadinda.co.uk/ssempeke.do Pongezi kwa Albert Ssempeke] Pia, unaweza kusikiliza hapa sampuli kutoka kwa albamu yake. {{DEFAULTSORT:Ssempeke, Albert}} ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] f2edw9rnbskl0qn4u2xvit5d6l5bq02 The Verteller 0 151076 1241437 1239452 2022-08-09T08:53:25Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Nyimbo */Sasisho wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album |Jina = The Verteller |Type = studio |Msanii = [[Dizasta Vina]] |Cover = Albamu ya The Verteller.jpg |Aina = [[Hip hop]], [[Bongo Flava]] |Urefu = 100 |Studio = [[Panorama Authentik]] |Mtayarishaji=Ringle Beats (Mtayarisha Mkuu) CjmokerJcob Dizasta Vina |Review=|Albamu iliyopita=JESUSta (2018)|Albamu ya sasa='''''{{PAGENAME}}''' (2020)|Albamu ijayo=|Misc={{Singles|Jina={{PAGENAME}} |Type=studio |Single 1=Ndoano|Single 1 tarehe=06 Oktoba, 2019 |Single 2=Nobody Is Safe 3 |Single 2 tarehe=05 Julai, 2020 |Single 3=The Verteller (Intro) |Single 3 tarehe=27 Septemba, 2020 |Single 4=Hatia IV |Single 4 tarehe=13 Desemba, 2020 |Single 5=Mwanajua |Single 5 tarehe=27 Desemba, 2020 |Single 6=Wimbo usio bora |Single 6 tarehe=13 Machi, 2021 |Single 7=Mascular Feminist |Single 7 tarehe=1 Novemba, 2021 |Single 8=A Confession of a Mad Man |Single 8 tarehe=11 Novemba 2021 |Single 9=Kibabu na Binti |Single 9 tarehe=21 Novemba 2021 |Single 10=A Confession of a Mad Son |Single 10 tarehe=18 Februari, 2022}}|Border=Yes|Imetolewa=[[27 Desemba]], [[2020]]|Imerekodiwa=2019 - 2020}} '''"The Verteller"''' ni jina la albamu ya pili ya msanii wa [[Muziki wa hip hop|muziki wa hip hop]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]], [[Dizasta Vina]]. Albamu ilitolewa rasmi na [[Panorama Authentik]] mnamo tarehe 27 Desemba 2020. <ref>[https://audiomack.com/dizastavina/album/the-verteller/ The Verteller] katika wavuti ya Audiomack.</ref> Sehemu kubwa ya albamu imetayarishwa na [[Ringle Beatz]] (ambaye pia amesimama kama mtayarishaji mkuu), vilevile kuna watayarishaji wengine ambao wamechangia kwenye kutayarisha na kuchanganya muziki. Watayarishaji hao ni pamoja na Cjmoker na Jcob. Albamu imeshirikisha wasanii wengine ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Tk Nendezi]] katika wimbo wa "Almasi", [[Adam Shule Kongwe]], [[Bokonya]] na [[Wakiafrika]] katika wimbo wa "Maabara", Nasra Sayeed katika wimbo wa "Hatia IV", na Dash katika wimbo wa "A confession of mad son", "A confession of mad philosopher" na "Mwanajua". Neno "''verteller"'' lina maana ya ‘[[Usimulizi wa hadithi|msimulizi]]’ kutokea lugha ya [[Kiholanzi]]. Jina linasanifu [[Maudhui katika kazi ya kifasihi|maudhui]] kwani albamu imesheheni masimulizi ya matukio yanayotokea mahala anapotokea msimuliaji kwa maana ya mtaa, mkoa au nchi. == Historia na Kurekodi == Albamu ilikuwa kwenye maandalizi kwa muda mrefu. Kwenye mahojiano yake aliyofanya tarehe 28 Julai, 2022 na kipindi cha "XXL" cha Clouds FM, Dizasta alifunguka mengi mno kuhusu albamu. Alieleza harakati za kuiandaa na kwanini albamu ilianza kutolewa kwa kuuzwa mikononi kabla ya majukwaa ya kidijitali. Dizasta alifafanua ya kwamba Kazi ya kuirekodi ilianza mapema mwaka wa 2018 na kuendelea hadi 2020. Ilitumia muda mrefu kuiandaa na moja ya sababu ni kwamba kulikuwa na wazo la pili kwenye kila hatua.<ref>{{Citation|title=LIVE: XTRA VINA {{!}} NI STORY MOB + VINA {{!}} DIZASTA VINA ON XXL|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKoE-ZK_Ll4|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2022-08-04}}</ref> Katika mahojiano hayo, Dizasta alifunguka kuwa nyimbo nyingi zilizokuwa zimerekodiwa na midundo tofauti na ile inayosikika kwenye albamu. Muziki ulibadilishwa kila wazo jipya lilipokuja, yote ikilenga kuwa na muziki mzuri unaoendana na maudhui, hali na msisimko wa nyimbo husika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dizasta Vina - Simulizi, Ubunifu na Maisha ya Jamii yake Ndani ya Album ya The Verteller.|url=https://medium.com/@BenixMatrix/dizasta-vina-simulizi-ubunifu-na-maisha-ya-jamii-yake-ndani-ya-album-ya-the-verteller-c5d5b6594974|work=Medium|date=2022-05-27|accessdate=2022-05-29|language=en|author=Bernard Mwakililo}}</ref> Albamu inawakilisha wasifu wa msimuliaji na mahala anakotoka. Asilimia kubwa ya nyimbo za kwenye albamu hii ni [[hadithi]] ambazo visa vyake zimebuniwa lakini vinatoa picha ya maisha ya watu wa jamii yake. Albamu ina nyimbo 20 zinazo ongelea elimu, tamaduni, mitazamo, mila, imani ya vikundi mbalimbali vya watu wa jamii aliyotokea na hadithi nyingine zinazogusa nyanja mbalimbali za maisha ya binadamu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dizasta Vina: “The Verteller” {{!}} Micshariki Africa|url=https://micshariki.africa/dizasta-vina-the-verteller/|accessdate=2022-05-29|language=sw}}</ref> == Nyimbo == Wimbo wa kwanza kutoka kwenye albamu unaoitwa "Ndoano" ulitolewa tarehe 06 Oktoba 2019, na kufuatiwa na wimbo wa "Nobody is Safe 3" iliyotolewa tarehe 05 Julai 2020 na "The Verteller (intro)" iliyotolewa tarehe 27 Septemba 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ndoano - Dizasta Vina {{!}} Boomplay Music|url=https://www.boomplay.com/songs/63554979|work=Boomplay Music - WebPlayer|accessdate=2022-05-29|language=en|author=TRANSSION: LHX}}</ref>. Wimbo wa kumi na tatu wa albamu "Wimbo usio bora" ulitolewa tarehe 13 Machi 2020. Video ya wimbo huu ambayo iliongozwa na Black X na kutayarishwa na Panorama Authentik, ilitolewa kwenye akaunti ya YouTube ya Dizasta Vina mnamo 13 Machi 2020.<ref>{{Citation|title=Dizasta Vina - Wimbo usio bora (Official Music Video)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kpha_Q4wr8U|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2022-05-29}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 18 Februari 2022 Dizasta alitoa wimbo wa "A Confession of a Mad son" ambao ni wimbo wa saba kwenye albamu hii. == Orodha ya nyimbo == Hii ni orodha ya nyimbo zinazopatikana katika albamu ya "The Verteller".<ref>{{Citation|title=The Verteller by Dizasta Vina|date=2021-06-02|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/the-verteller/1572601856|language=en-US|access-date=2022-08-04}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Na. !Jina la wimbo !Mwandishi !Mtayarishaji !Urefu |- |1 |The Verteller (Intro) |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:29 |- |2 |Kibabu Na Binti |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:59 |- |3 |Tatoo Ya Asili |Dizasta Vina |Dizasta Vina, Ringle Beats |4:27 |- |4 |A Confession of a Mad Man |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:03 |- |5 |A Confession of a Mad Philosopher (akiwa na [[Dash]]). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:19 |- |6 |A Confession of a Mad Teacher |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats, Dizasta Vina |4:11 |- |7 |A Confession of a Mad Son (akiwa na [[Dash]]). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats, Dizasta Vina |4:59 |- |8 |Muscular Feminist |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |9:06 |- |9 |Mwanajua (akiwa na [[Dash]]). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:42 |- |10 |Hatia IV (akiwa na Nasra Sayeed). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |7:13 |- |11 |Ndoano |Dizasta Vina |Dizasta Vina, Jcob, Ringle Beats |3:45 |- |12 |Money |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:11 |- |13 |Wimbo Usio Bora |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:14 |- |14 |Maabara (akiwa na [[Bokonya]], [[Wakiafrika]] na [[Adam Shulekongwe]] |Dizasta Vina, Bokonya, Adam ShuleKongwe, [[Wakiafrika]] |Dizasta Vina, Ringle Beats |6:47 |- |15 |Nobody Is Safe 3 |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:36 |- |16 |Yule Yule |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |3:57 |- |17 |Almasi (akiwa na TK Nendeze) |Dizasta Vina, [[TK Nendeze]] |Ringle Beats |4:39 |- |18 |Mlemavu |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:28 |- |19 |Kesho |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |3:35 |- |20 |Kifo |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats, Dizasta Vina |4:16 |} ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Albamu za 2020]] [[Jamii:Albamu za hip hop za wasanii wa Tanzania]] p0kpi6loo6unu9dub59ez4teld478v5 Jamii:Chaguzi Afrika 14 152946 1241122 1232866 2022-08-08T14:26:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Chaguzi]] [[Jamii:Siasa ya Afrika]] o4ff3p1qv5b8a2dwaesv0bq7zl8afx2 Jamii:Matukio ya burudani nchini Tanzania 14 153039 1241118 1233309 2022-08-08T14:20:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:tanzania]] 8xzt14mfdtq6er7ak0pmiccv79xav5c Carolyn McCarthy 0 153616 1241140 1237351 2022-08-08T14:47:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Carolyn McCarthy 2012 portrait.jpeg|thumb|[[Mjumbe]] wa [[Baraza]] la Wawakilishi la U.S]] [[Carolyn McCarthy]] (amezaliwa Januari 5, 1944) ni muuguzi na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa mwakilishi wa wa [[bunge]] la New York kuanzia 1997 hadi 2015. Yeye ni mwanachama wa [[Chama]] cha Kidemokrasia. Mnamo [[Januari]] 8, 2014, alitangaza kwamba hatagombea tena [[uchaguzi]] huo wa [[Novemba]], alistaafu mnamo [[Januari]] 2015<ref>{{Citation|title=Carolyn McCarthy|date=2022-07-03|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carolyn_McCarthy&oldid=1096227813|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-07-31}}</ref> na nafasi yake ikachukuliwa na Mwanademokrasia mwenzake Kathleen Rice. == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] rqdikl24gr4bs92royvm6xlsbypsq9w Carl Rowan 0 153659 1241137 1237695 2022-08-08T14:44:00Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carl Thomas Rowan''' (Agosti 11, [[1925]] - [[Septemba]] 23, [[2000]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi wa habari]] maarufu wa Marekani, mwandishi na afisa wa [[serikali]] ambaye alichapisha safu zilizounganishwa kote [[Marekani]] na wakati mmoja alikuwa [[Amerika|Mwamerika]] mwenye cheo cha juu zaidi katika [[serikali]] ya [[Marekani]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Carl Rowan|date=2022-06-02|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Rowan&oldid=1091062246|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-07-31}}</ref>. == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1925]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2000]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] djr008w9a87tkpsy2lx1zsp6oo06r26 J. Michael Fay 0 153978 1241458 1238480 2022-08-09T10:14:23Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''J. Michael Fay''', alizaliwa septemba [[1956]] ni mwana ekolojia wa Kimarekani na [[Mwanamazingira|mtunza mazingira]] ni mashuhuri kwenye vitu mbalimbali, katika mradi wa [[MegaTransect]] alitumia siku 455 kutembea kwamiguu mwendo wa kilomita 2,000 (3,200 km) alikatiza Africa na mradi wa [[MegaFlyover]] akiwa na rubani [[Peter Ragg]] walitumia miezi kadhaa kuruka kilomita 70,000 kwa ndege ndogo katika urefu mdogo, walipiga picha kila baada ya sekunde ishirini. Miradi yote ilifaziliwa na [[jamii ya kijeografia ya Taifa,]] ambayo walichapisha Makala na filamu zinazohusu mradi huo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=J. Michael Fay Michael Fay - National Geographic Society|url=https://explorer-directory.nationalgeographic.org/j-michael-fay-michael-fay|work=explorer-directory.nationalgeographic.org|accessdate=2022-08-03|language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:Mwanajografia]] <references /> [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] jjb7h5ni9gboh50djxnxu4iv4qau71p Donald M. Hooper 0 154044 1241455 1238555 2022-08-09T10:12:00Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald M. "Don" Hooper''' (alizaliwa Oktoba 2, 1945)<ref>https://www.sec.state.vt.us/media/246655/A-259.pdf</ref> ni mwalimu wa [[Vermont]], mwanaharakati wa mazingira na mwanasiasa. Alihudumia [[nyumba ya wakilishi]] wa Vermont kwa awamu nne na kama [[katibu]] [[Vermont|wa nchi ya Vermon]]<nowiki/>t kwa mwaka mmoja. == Maisha ya Awali == Hooper alizaliwa , [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford Connecticut]] Oktoba. Alihitimu [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard|Chuo cha Harvard]] kwa Shahada ya Sanaa 1968 na alipokea [[fuzu ya shada ya Uwalimu]] toka katika Chuo cha Havard 1973.<ref>https://www.sec.state.vt.us/media/246655/A-259.pdf</ref> Katika kazi ya awali, Hooper alikua mwalimu wa Kikosi cha Amani Botswana. Na badae alihudumu kama mratibu wa maagizo na muongozaji wa maigizo katika kanda ya kati ya Vermont ndania ya [[Chuo Jamii cha Vermont.]] Pia alifanya kazi kama mkurugenzi wa shughuli za [[baraza ya Maliasili ya Vermon]]<nowiki/>t.<ref>https://www.sec.state.vt.us/media/246658/A-260.pdf</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] [[Jamii:Kikosi cha amani]] sfn51bimh2ubsfhl3apdfw8azpuxb1m Steve Howard (mwanasosholojia) 0 154115 1241463 1238629 2022-08-09T10:19:43Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Stephen Howard''' (alizaliwa [[Machi 21]], [[1953]]) ni [[mwanasosholojia]] wa Kimarekani. Masomo na kazi zake zinazingatia [[mabadiliko ya kijamii]] barani [[Afrika]] na [[harakati za kijamii]] ndani ya [[ulimwengu wa Kiislamu]]. Ameandika kuhusu uzoefu wake na jumuiya ya Kiislamu nchini [[Sudan]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=School of Media Arts & Studies {{!}} Ohio University|url=https://www.ohio.edu/scripps-college/media-arts-studies|work=www.ohio.edu|accessdate=2022-08-03}}</ref>.Howard ni profesa na mkurugenzi mshirika wa masomo ya shahada katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ohio]]. Anafanya kazi ndani ya Shule ya Sanaa na Mafunzo ya Vyombo vya Habari katika Chuo cha Mawasiliano cha Scripps. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USWCHSS]] 6lwgafzt16i13f5t04c0dlttdgv0gm1 Paul Lubeck 0 154116 1241460 1238630 2022-08-09T10:16:47Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Michael Lubeck''' (alizaliwa [[1943]]) ni [[profesa]] wa [[sosholojia]], mkurugenzi wa programu ya utaalamu wa habari ulimwenguni na kituo cha mafunzo ya kimataifa na masomo ya kikanda katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha California|Chuo Kikuu cha California,]] [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz]]. Na vile vile mwandamizi katika [[kituo cha sera ya kimataifa]].<ref>http://www.ciponline.org/about-us/experts-staff</ref> Lubeck anafundisha [[siasa ya sosholojia]], [[Political economy|siasa ya uchum]]<nowiki/>i na masomo ya maendeleo. Alihudumu kwenye [[Kikosi cha Amani|kikosi cha Aman]]<nowiki/>i cha Jamuhuri ya [[Niger]] na alifanya uchunguzi nchini [[Niger]], [[Nigeria]] [[Ghana]], [[Mexiko|Mexico]] na [[Malaysia]], pamoja na mahusiano kati ya mchakato wa utandawazi na Uamsho wa kiislamu katika muktadha viwanda mjini. Anaandika juu ya utandawazi, nchi zinazokuwa kiviwanda, wafanyabiashara, wafanyakazi, harakati za jamii ya kiislamu na mikakati ya [[maendeleo ya kanda]].<ref>http://cjtc.ucsc.edu/sc_PaulLubeck.html</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] ktbrnmuijcr7eeefcyold1tgkygbls9 Vicki J. Huddleston 0 154169 1241464 1238692 2022-08-09T10:21:59Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vicki J. Huddleston''' (alizaliwa 1942)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vicki J. Huddleston - People - Department History - Office of the Historian|url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/huddleston-vicki-j|work=history.state.gov|accessdate=2022-08-03}}</ref> ni [[mwanadiplomasia]] mstaafu wa Marekani ambaye aliwahi kuwa [[Balozi wa Marekani]] nchini [[Mali]], na [[Balozi wa Marekani nchini Madagaska.]] ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] 4qwbxx2fqt8259isa3gwpdogrmmzjz7 Fern Holland 0 154235 1241457 1238766 2022-08-09T10:13:31Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fern Leona Holland''' (Agosti 5, 1970 – Machi 9, 2004) alikuwa [[wakili]] wa Kimarekani aliyeuawa katika [[mzozo wa Iraq]] ulioanza mwaka wa 2003. Holland alifariki Machi 9, 2004 alipokuwa akifanya kazi katika Mamlaka ya [[Coalition Provisional Authority]] (CPA) nchini [[Iraq]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The New York Times - Search|url=http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/h/fern_l_holland/index.html|work=topics.nytimes.com|accessdate=2022-08-03|language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USWCHSS]] eyq3hfcwys6n46y289oxhsjt38nzkkw Mary Kim Joh 0 154239 1241459 1238783 2022-08-09T10:15:47Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary C. Kim Joh''' (1904 - Februari 9, 2005), pia anajulikana kama '''Che Sik Cho''', alikuwa [[mtunzi wa muziki]] wa [[Kikorea-Marekani]], [[mtaaluma]] na mwanasayansi wa tafiti wa kitabibu.<ref>{{Citation|last=Dunning|first=Jennifer|title=Mary Kim Joh, 101, Who Wrote a Korean Anthem, Is Dead|date=2005-02-11|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/11/obituaries/mary-kim-joh-101-who-wrote-a-korean-anthem-is-dead.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-03}}</ref> Joh anajulikana zaidi kwa kuandika "School Bell" (학교종 Hak'kyo Jong) mwaka wa 1945. Wimbo huu wa watoto hufunzwa kwa wanafunzi wa shule ya awali nchini Korea Kusini.<ref>{{Citation|title=Mary Kim Joh|date=2022-05-02|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Kim_Joh&oldid=1085845147|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-03}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USWCHSS]] 8elg7t6hrww81869qs36uxemsq0gi3m Darryl N. Johnson 0 154241 1241454 1238867 2022-08-09T10:11:16Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Darryl Norman Johnson''' (1938 - 24 Juni 2018) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Kimarekani na Afisa wa Huduma ya Kigeni ambaye alishikilia nyadhifa nyingi katika [[serikali ya Marekani]] kote ulimwenguni. Hivi karibuni na kwa umuhimu zaidi alikuwa [[Balozi wa Marekani nchini Thailand]] kutoka 2001-2004. Kwa kuongezea, alikuwa kaimu Balozi wa Marekani nchini Ufilipino kwa miezi kadhaa mwaka wa 2005. Alikuwa akiishi karibu na [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle, WA]]. Alipostaafu alikuwa mhadhiri katika [[chuo kikuu cha Washington]], ambapo alifundisha katika Shule yake ya [[Jackson School of International Studies]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jackson School of International Studies - Southeast Asia Center|url=http://jsis.washington.edu/seac/faculty.shtml|work=web.archive.org|date=2011-06-05|accessdate=2022-08-03|archivedate=2011-06-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605225518/http://jsis.washington.edu/seac/faculty.shtml}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USWCHSS]] rd5v873gj9z4l5zvcnhz6tzy5ny0yg9 Shelton Johnson 0 154242 1241462 1238786 2022-08-09T10:19:00Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shelton Johnson''' (alizaliwa [[1958]] huko [[Detroit, Michigan]]) ni [[mlinzi wa mbuga]] chini ya [[Huduma ya Hifadhi za Taifa]] ya Marekani, na anafanya kazi katika [[Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Yosemite]]. Kufikia mwaka 2021 alikuwa amefanya kazi Yosemite kwa miaka 28 kati ya miaka yake 35 ya kufanya kazi. Johnson alianza kazi yake katika [[Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Yellowstone]] mwaka 1987.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Park ranger asks: Where are the black visitors?|url=https://www.sfgate.com/outdoors/article/Park-ranger-asks-Where-are-the-black-visitors-3222468.php|work=SFGATE|date=2009-08-09|accessdate=2022-08-03|language=en-US|author=Peter Fimrite}}</ref> Alionekana mara nyingi katika kipindi cha [[Ken Burns]] ''[[The National Parks: America's Best Idea]]'', kilichotangazwa kwenye PBS Septemba 27 hadi Oktoba 2, 2009, na aliitwa "nyota asiyetarajiwa" wa filamu hiyo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yosemite ranger unexpected star of Burns' national parks series|url=https://old.post-gazette.com/pg/09270/1000592-67.stm|work=old.post-gazette.com|accessdate=2022-08-03}}</ref> Johnson alihudhuria onyesho la kukagua filamu hiyo katika [[Ikulu ya Marekani]] siku hiyo, ambapo alijadili filamu hiyo na Rais [[Barack Obama]].<ref>http://home.nps.gov/applications/digest/headline.cfm?type=Announcements&id=8199</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USWCHSS]] sczryljw7e8qq7ya0r1o1n5rbq8s2ej Carrie Hessler-Radelet 0 154928 1241453 1239671 2022-08-09T10:10:24Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carolyn “Carrie” Hessler Radelet''' ni [[mkurugenzi]] wa 19 na wazamani wa [[kikosi cha Amani]]. Alikuwa mkurugenzi msaidizi na Afisa mwendeshaji mkuu wa Kikosi cha Amani kwanzia Aprili 2010 mpaka Desemba 2015, alihudumu kama mkurugenzi muigizaji wa kikosi cha Amani kwanzia Septemba 2012 mpaka Juni 2014 alipopandishwa chro kuwa Mkurugenzi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Director {{!}} Peace Corps|url=http://www.peacecorps.gov/about/leadership/dir/|work=web.archive.org|date=2014-08-08|accessdate=2022-08-05|archivedate=2014-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808060017/http://www.peacecorps.gov/about/leadership/dir/}}</ref> Alijiuzulu Januari 20, 2017.<ref>{{Citation|title=Carrie Hessler-Radelet|date=2021-03-03|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carrie_Hessler-Radelet&oldid=1010061377|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-05}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] [[Jamii:Kikosi cha amani]] ptmetuvbg196orwkjfuji2z63cwlqtb Peter Hessler 0 154929 1241461 1239676 2022-08-09T10:18:07Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Benjamin Hessler'''<ref>{{Citation|last=Press|first=The Associated|title=32 U.S. Rhodes Scholars Are Selected to Study in Oxford for 1992|date=1991-12-09|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/09/us/32-us-rhodes-scholars-are-selected-to-study-in-oxford-for-1992.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-05}}</ref>(alizaliwa [[Juni 14]], [[1969]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa kimarekani na [[Mwandishi wa habari]]. Ni mtunzi wa vitabu vinne kuhusu China na amechangia makala nyingi kwenye [[New Yorker]] na [[National Geographic]] na machapisho mengine. Katika 2011, Hessler alipokea utambulisho wa Ushirika wa [[MacArthur]] na faraja kwa nia iliyochunguzwa juu ya matatizo ya [[maisha]] ya watu waka waida katika mabadiliko ya haraka ya Jamii kwa kipindi cha mageuzi China.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MacArthur Foundation|url=https://www.macfound.org/404|work=www.macfound.org|accessdate=2022-08-05}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] [[Jamii:Kikosi cha amani]] b0hxvkf7gleremjey9l1i2xcapgxewr Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mhawk10 3 155083 1241114 1239819 2022-08-08T14:18:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Changed redirect target from [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Red tailed hawk]] to [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Red-tailed hawk]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Red-tailed hawk]] ktwl11eovyjeerxrsenc52icatcvro1 Africa: The Serengeti (Filamu) 0 155447 1241020 1240412 2022-08-08T12:37:59Z Idd ninga 30188 Idd ninga alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Serengeti Afrika (filamu)]] hadi [[Africa: The Serengeti (Filamu)]]: Usahihi wa Jina wikitext text/x-wiki '''Africa:serengeti''' ni [[filamu]] ya kubuni iliyotengenezwa na George casey.ilichukuliwa katika 70mm kutoka eneo la tukio ndani ya [[Hifadhi ya Serengeti]] ya iliyopo nchini [[Tanzania]] na eneo la masai mara nchini [[Kenya]] .filamu hii imeelezewa na [[James Earl Jones]].ilizinduliwa na [[IMAX]] [[theaters]] mnamo [[1994]].'' filamu hii inaonesha mandhari ya eneo la Serengeti yaliyopo ukanada wa [[Afrika mashariki]].serengeti ni eneo kubwa lenye uoto wa nyasi za asili linalopatikana Tanzania.Serengeti hupatwa na majira ya ukame yayotokea maramoja kwa mwaka hali hii husababisha wanyama kuhamia upande wa kaskazini ili kujinusuru na ukame.mamilioni ya [[nyumbu]] ,[[Punda milia|pundamilia]] na [[swala]] husafiri maili kadhaa katika eneo la wazi ambapo [[Simba]] pamoja na wanyama wengine hatari huwasubir kwaajili ya kujipatia kitoweo,hii hujulikana kama moja katika ya maajabu makubwa ya [[dunia]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Africa: The Serengeti|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/imax_africa_the_serengeti|language=en|access-date=2022-08-07}}</ref> [[Hans zimmer]] mtunzi wa filamu iitwayo [[the lion king]] , ambapo Jones ameipa sauti yake alichangia katika mdundo wa sauti katika filamu hii. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Afrika ya Mashariki]] [[Jamii:Filamu]] [[Jamii:Sanaa]] 3w52rmktmiszuee8gtnohsdj9d6hox0 Allan Gibbard 0 155461 1241456 1240364 2022-08-09T10:12:46Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Allan Fletcher''' Gibbard (alizaliwa [[1942]]) ni Richard B. Brandt [[Profesa]] wa Chuo Kikuu Mashuhuri cha [[Falsafa|Filosofia]] Emeritus katika Chuo Kikuu cha Michigan, Ann Arbor. Gibbard ametoa mchango mkubwa kwenye nadharia ya kisasa ya [[maadili]]. Pia amechapisha makala katika falsafa ya lugha, [[metafizikia]], na nadharia ya chaguzi katika jamii.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gibbard|first=Allan|date=1973|title=Manipulation of Voting Schemes: A General Result|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1914083|journal=Econometrica|volume=41|issue=4|pages=587–601|doi=10.2307/1914083|issn=0012-9682}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Allan Fletcher Gibbard alizaliwa [[Aprili]] 7, 1942, huko Providence, kisiwa cha [[Rhode Island|Rhode]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/international-whos-who-2011/oclc/502032895|title=The international who's who 2011.|date=2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-85743-546-7|location=London|language=English|oclc=502032895}}</ref>. Alipata digrii yake ya [[hisabati]] kutoka Chuo cha Swarthmore mnamo 1963 na katika fizikia na falsafa. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] <references /> [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] cl1pqytj230ziiadbkl1mqek4r6vx4v Watu wote 0 155485 1241127 1240598 2022-08-08T14:31:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Watu Wote (filamu)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Watu Wote (filamu)]] 5g85fv37i4adf8hpp14nufxs1zpt75c Supa Modo 0 155489 1240935 1240446 2022-08-08T12:03:41Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Supa Modo''' ni [[filamu]] ya maigizo iliyotayarishwa kimataifa mwaka 2018 iliyoongozwa na [[Likarion Wainaina]]. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Klein|first=M.T.|date=1991-02-22|title=Design, synthesis, and characterization of novel fine-particle, unsupported catalysts for coal liquefaction. Technical progress report, October 26, 1990--January 26, 1991: Draft|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10157994}}</ref> Ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la 68 la Berlin. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fisher|first=Jennifer|date=2018|title=What Press Releases Can Do|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/d561040992|journal=Dance Major Journal|volume=6|doi=10.5070/d561040992|issn=2578-9627}}</ref>Ilichaguliwa kama kiingilio cha Kenya kwa Filamu Bora ya Lugha ya Kigeni katika Tuzo za 91 za Chuo, lakini haikuteuliwa. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2018-08-31|title=September 2018|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/geosci-28-8|journal=Geoscientist|volume=28|issue=8|doi=10.1144/geosci-28-8|issn=0961-5628}}</ref> == Muundo == Jo ni msichana mdogo anayeishi katika kijiji kidogo nchini [[Kenya]]. Ni ndoto yake kuwa shujaa mkuu, lakini kwa bahati mbaya matarajio haya yanazuiwa na ugonjwa wake wa terminal unaokaribia. Kama jaribio la kufanya tamaa zake ziwezekane kijiji kizima kinapanga mpango wa fikra kwa lengo la kufanya matamanio yake yatimie.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fotouh|first=K.H.|date=1995-07-01|title=Support of EOR to independent producers in Texas. [Quarterly report], January 30, 1995--April 30, 1995|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/93945}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Kenya]] [[Jamii:Sanaa]] 47hzxfoculfszdk62n7fxfmbp6jer4m Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kahabi Assa 3 155620 1241424 1240634 2022-08-09T07:54:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:45, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) :Ndugu, tafadhali usome vizuri hayo niliyokutumia ili kurasa zako ziweze kueleweka na kuwa na mpangilio mzuri. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:54, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) lhnw70j38voxawx3400q2om2l95hgnk Gina Ahadi 0 155641 1241116 1240660 2022-08-08T14:19:12Z Husseyn Issa 44885 Anzisha Makala wikitext text/x-wiki Gina Ahadi (amezaliwa 2 Mei 1999) ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] na Mkongo wa kwanza kushinda Tuzo ya Miss Global.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Miss Global Contestants|url=https://missglobal.com/|work=Miss Global Organization|accessdate=2022-08-08|language=en-US}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 3 ya 2021 alishindana katika kinyang'anyiro cha Miss [[Kentucky]] [[Marekani]] lakini hakushinda hivyo akatunukiwa taji la Miss Global. Miongoni mwa vitu alivyovifanya mwanamitindo huyu ni pamoja na matukio anayofanya katika jamii yake ikiwemo matukio ya kusaidia watoto na watu wasiojiweza,na hivyo Gina alipata nafasi mnamo Novemba 2021 ya kueleka [[Afrika]] na kufika hadi kituo cha watoto yatima na wagonjwa katika hospitali ya [[Tanzania]] iitwayo [[Mwananyamala]] hospital, alitoa sabuni na maji pamoja na biskuti kadhaa kwa watoto na kwa wagonjwa wa kituo hicho cha kulelea watoto yatima cha Manunda, na pia alitoa chakula kwa watoto hao, sabuni, mafuta ya kupikia na pesa taslimu kwa ajili ya kuwanunulia watoto hao nguo. Baadaye alitembelea [[Hifadhi ya Mikumi|Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Mikumi]] kwa sababu Gina alikuwa anapendelea sana [[Utamaduni wa Kiafrika|utamaduni]] na vitu vya [[asili]]. == Maisha ya awali == Gina alizaliwa katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Alihamia [[Uganda]] alipokuwa mdogo ambapo wazazi wake walikuwawakiishi kama wakimbizi. Walikaa Kampala Uganda kwa takriban miaka 8 ambapo wakati huo Gina alikuwa akisoma shule ya msingi. Mnamo 2004 Gina na familia yake walihamia [[marekani]] USA, alianza shule ya kati ama [[Elimu ya sekondari|sekondari]] na kuhitimu na GPA ya 4.0. Pia alienda shule ya upili ama kidato cha tano na sita ambapo alihitimu pia na kiwango kile cha uwezo wa GPA 4.0 ,kisha akatuma maombi kwenye Shule ya [[Tiba|matibabu]] na kufuzu kama Msaidizi wa Matibabu. == Career == Gina anafanya [[kazi]] kwenye kituo cha walezi wa [[watu wazima]] huko marekani. Mnamo mwaka 2018 Gina alianza kujihusisha na kazi aliyotokea kuipenda ya uana[[mitindo]], alianza kwa kupiga [[picha]] za kawaida, ambapo picha zake zilikuwa zikivuma sana na watu kuzipenda kwakua ndizo picha zilizokuwa zikionekana za [[mwanamke]] kutoka nchini Kongo huko Marekani akipiga picha akiwa amevalia [[Bikini (atolli)|bikini]]. Alianza hivyo na kuonekana sana katika [[video]] nyingi za muziki na [[wasanii]] mashuhuri kama vile ''Unanifaa'' ya Destin na Rich da Chris, ''Congo'' ya Mandi classic na ''Salima'' ya snazzy. Mnamo mwaka 2019 miss fashion Global ilimfikia na kumuomba ashiriki katika shindano lao kama [[mwanamitindo]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vote for Gina ahadi in the MFG Photo Contest.|url=https://www.gogophotocontest.com/missfashionglobal-2019/entries/219894|work=GoGo Photo Contest|accessdate=2022-08-08|language=en}}</ref>. Gina alihudhuria na kushindana lakini hakushinda pia hakufika fainali. Zaidi pia alliomba kushiriki shindano la miss [[Houston, Texas|houston]] USA lakini hakufanikiwa kutokana na vipimo vya ugonjwa wa [[UVIKO-19|uviko 19]] kuonyesha ana ugonjwa huo, na hivyo kuwekwa kando na shindano hilo, na kwa hivyo hakupata nafasi ya kushiriki katika shindano hilo. Lakini katika mwaka huo huo aligombania nafasi ya kushiriki tena katika shindano la Miss Global kwa mwaka wa 2021 na wakati huu alifanikiwa kufika fainali na kutwa mshindi nafasi ya pili.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Miss Global Contestants|url=https://missglobal.com/|work=Miss Global Organization|accessdate=2022-08-08|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu za watu]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1999]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo]] il9ohf1knlrxqk1i8ra986vhtj7wnz9 Mama Tumaini (filamu) 0 155758 1241043 1240783 2022-08-08T12:52:34Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mama Tumaini – Tumaini betyr håp''' (mama wa Matumaini)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075|title=Dictionary of African Biography|date=2011-01-01|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|editor-last=Gates|editor-first=Henry Louis|language=en-US|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075|editor-last2=Akyeampong|editor-first2=Emmanuel|editor-last3=Niven|editor-first3=Steven J.}}</ref> ni [[filamu]] ya kuchekesha na kifamilia yenye maudhui ya Kinorwei na Kitanzania iliyochezwa [[Mwaka 1968|mwaka 1986]]. Iliongozwa na kuandaliwa na Martin Mhando na Sigve Endresen. Stori ilihusisha nchi za [[Tanzania]] na [[Norwei]]. Filamu ilijihusisha na maudhui ya kiafrika na ilihusisha waigizaji na makundi ya uigizaji wa kiafrika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nasjonalbiblioteket|url=https://www.nb.no/items/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2007080100115?page=0|work=www.nb.no|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> Filamu ilitengenezwa na kudhaminiwa na shirika la wakala na ushirikiano wa maendeleo wa Norwei.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nasjonalbiblioteket|url=https://www.nb.no/items/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2009070800085|work=www.nb.no|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> Filamu hiyo haikuweza kuonyeshwa katika kumbi za kibiashara nchini Norwei lakini ilionyeshwa katika tamasha la kimataifa la filamu la Norwai lilolo fanyika katika mji wa [[Kristiansand]] mwaka 1986.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nasjonalbiblioteket|url=https://www.nb.no/items/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2010020103034|work=www.nb.no|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 1986]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] 21nfq2fwb0xqoe18zzuuiksf8pzc7ta Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Twiceuponatime 3 155877 1240927 2022-08-08T12:01:04Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:01, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) nndwfk31spmvq5a478j5lwtlihnjyc9 Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Ireland Kaskazini 14 155878 1240928 2022-08-08T12:01:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Ireland Kaskazini]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu nchi kwa nchi|I]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Ireland Kaskazini]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu nchi kwa nchi|I]] o0pqm362prv2zcesyxqfva8ms4k0xpx Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Na PaLm 3 155879 1240929 2022-08-08T12:01:25Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:01, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) nndwfk31spmvq5a478j5lwtlihnjyc9 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Walkerma 3 155880 1240930 2022-08-08T12:01:55Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:01, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) nndwfk31spmvq5a478j5lwtlihnjyc9 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aadiljr 3 155881 1240931 2022-08-08T12:02:27Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:02, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 8gipzeorgx3xhl34n97ssufdggx799q Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Lizbruiz 3 155882 1240932 2022-08-08T12:02:54Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:02, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 8gipzeorgx3xhl34n97ssufdggx799q Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Sjaam 3 155883 1240933 2022-08-08T12:03:12Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:03, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) lkdk40cj93qlzzmgwas7hu0or0pgreb Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Krawi 3 155884 1240934 2022-08-08T12:03:31Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:03, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) lkdk40cj93qlzzmgwas7hu0or0pgreb Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Undragh 3 155885 1240936 2022-08-08T12:03:52Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:03, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) lkdk40cj93qlzzmgwas7hu0or0pgreb Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Alagemo 3 155886 1240937 2022-08-08T12:04:13Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:04, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) p1gsluo9bza1x4dir9fx9bw6z3kw3m2 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ivob 3 155887 1240938 2022-08-08T12:04:35Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:04, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) p1gsluo9bza1x4dir9fx9bw6z3kw3m2 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Eoghanacht 3 155888 1240939 2022-08-08T12:04:53Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:04, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) p1gsluo9bza1x4dir9fx9bw6z3kw3m2 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Neurovelho 3 155889 1240941 2022-08-08T12:05:11Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:05, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) prfdlxo4qsq6i0tgp7kfedsrpvqnpyn Lusala 0 155890 1240942 2022-08-08T12:05:20Z Immah 146 55367 Chapisho Jipya wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Lusala''''' Ni [[filamu]] ya kuchekesha ya kikenya iliyoandaliwa na Silas Miami, Wanjeri Gakuru na Oprah Oyugi, Mwaka 2019 na kuongozwa na Mugambi Nthiga kwenye uongozi wake wa kwanza<ref>{{Citation|title=Lusala|date=2022-08-02|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lusala&oldid=1101889969|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref>. nyota wa filamu hii ambao ni Brian Ogola, Alyce Wangari, Stycie Waweru, [[Mkamzee Mwatela]] na Alan Oyugi katika majukumu yote ya uongozi. filamu imejikita kwenye maisha ya kijana mdogo Lusala mwenye umri wa miaka 22, ambaye amejikuta na matatizo ya afya ya akili na upendo kupitilza kwa ndugu yake. Filamu hii ilizinduliwa kwa mara ya kwanza nchi Kenya mnamo juni 6 mwaka 2019 wakati wa tamasha la filamu la NBO na pia filamu hii ilioneshwa kwenye baadhi ya matamasha ya filamu ya kimataifa<ref>{{Cite web|title=NBO Film Festival returns to bring the Kenyan audience a selection of Afro-Caribean films and more - The Sauce|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/nbo-film-festival-is-back-and-is-set-to-bring-afro-caribean-films/|work=www.capitalfm.co.ke|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Filamu]] 3bov1jqrepr7f47ctk7l9wzv4fo7s1q 1240962 1240942 2022-08-08T12:11:23Z Awadhi Awampo 48284 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Lusala''''' Ni [[filamu]] ya kuchekesha ya kikenya iliyoandaliwa na Silas Miami, Wanjeri Gakuru na Oprah Oyugi, Mwaka 2019 na kuongozwa na Mugambi Nthiga kwenye uongozi wake wa kwanza<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mugambi Nthiga makes his directorial debut with 'Lusala' at NBO Film Fest and it's a mega hit - The Sauce|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/mugambi-nthiga-makes-his-directorial-debut-with-lusala-at-nbo-film-fest-and-its-a-mega-hit/|work=www.capitalfm.co.ke|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref>. nyota wa filamu hii ambao ni Brian Ogola, Alyce Wangari, Stycie Waweru, [[Mkamzee Mwatela]] na Alan Oyugi katika majukumu yote ya uongozi. filamu imejikita kwenye maisha ya kijana mdogo Lusala mwenye umri wa miaka 22, ambaye amejikuta na matatizo ya afya ya akili na upendo kupitilza kwa ndugu yake. Filamu hii ilizinduliwa kwa mara ya kwanza nchi Kenya mnamo juni 6 mwaka 2019 wakati wa tamasha la filamu la NBO na pia filamu hii ilioneshwa kwenye baadhi ya matamasha ya filamu ya kimataifa<ref>{{Cite web|title=NBO Film Festival returns to bring the Kenyan audience a selection of Afro-Caribean films and more - The Sauce|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/nbo-film-festival-is-back-and-is-set-to-bring-afro-caribean-films/|work=www.capitalfm.co.ke|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Filamu]] <references /> [[Jamii:Filamu za 2019]] 88ou005x2vdf92ks1d8kcx96patfijv 1241010 1240962 2022-08-08T12:26:24Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Lusala''''' Ni [[filamu]] ya kuchekesha ya kikenya iliyoandaliwa na Silas Miami, Wanjeri Gakuru na Oprah Oyugi, Mwaka 2019 na kuongozwa na Mugambi Nthiga kwenye uongozi wake wa kwanza<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mugambi Nthiga makes his directorial debut with 'Lusala' at NBO Film Fest and it's a mega hit - The Sauce|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/mugambi-nthiga-makes-his-directorial-debut-with-lusala-at-nbo-film-fest-and-its-a-mega-hit/|work=www.capitalfm.co.ke|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref>. Nyota wa filamu hii ambao ni Brian Ogola, Alyce Wangari, Stycie Waweru, [[Mkamzee Mwatela]] na Alan Oyugi katika majukumu yote ya uongozi. Filamu imejikita kwenye maisha ya kijana mdogo Lusala mwenye umri wa miaka 22, ambaye amejikuta na matatizo ya afya ya akili na upendo kupitilza kwa ndugu yake. Filamu hii ilizinduliwa kwa mara ya kwanza nchi Kenya mnamo juni 6 mwaka 2019 wakati wa tamasha la filamu la NBO na pia filamu hii ilioneshwa kwenye baadhi ya matamasha ya filamu ya kimataifa<ref>{{Cite web|title=NBO Film Festival returns to bring the Kenyan audience a selection of Afro-Caribean films and more - The Sauce|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/nbo-film-festival-is-back-and-is-set-to-bring-afro-caribean-films/|work=www.capitalfm.co.ke|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu]] <references /> [[Jamii:Filamu za 2019]] 65qz9gthlibyrc20tqtbn8hwaf0nh1j Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ergin92 3 155891 1240943 2022-08-08T12:05:34Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:05, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) prfdlxo4qsq6i0tgp7kfedsrpvqnpyn Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:St. Nerol 3 155892 1240944 2022-08-08T12:05:55Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:05, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) prfdlxo4qsq6i0tgp7kfedsrpvqnpyn Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kossovopoet 3 155893 1240945 2022-08-08T12:06:13Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:06, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 1cuiczxr0regg0bw0pgg2aoxj5hvb66 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Evolevol 3 155894 1240947 2022-08-08T12:06:37Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:06, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 1cuiczxr0regg0bw0pgg2aoxj5hvb66 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:FacultyBob 3 155895 1240948 2022-08-08T12:06:57Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:06, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 1cuiczxr0regg0bw0pgg2aoxj5hvb66 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Maxiweber 3 155896 1240949 2022-08-08T12:07:18Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:07, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ktg2t7m1f0kpqzkqjux4sdwfllpromc Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Unforgiven666 3 155897 1240951 2022-08-08T12:07:38Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:07, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ktg2t7m1f0kpqzkqjux4sdwfllpromc Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hennlu 3 155898 1240952 2022-08-08T12:07:56Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:07, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ktg2t7m1f0kpqzkqjux4sdwfllpromc Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kanyoks 3 155899 1240953 2022-08-08T12:08:19Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:08, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) k4c78i0gpff8szm8zlfozqqpe1zcse3 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Sidyassoumani 3 155900 1240955 2022-08-08T12:09:18Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:09, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) h8r1cuz5v54aolowpx3f6dr4yd2qqi5 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kersti Nebelsiek 3 155901 1240956 2022-08-08T12:09:36Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:09, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) h8r1cuz5v54aolowpx3f6dr4yd2qqi5 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:H o r n y 3 155902 1240958 2022-08-08T12:09:57Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:09, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) h8r1cuz5v54aolowpx3f6dr4yd2qqi5 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Szombara88 3 155903 1240959 2022-08-08T12:10:23Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:10, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) swm4cje4g5go6v94rkyjeswh0t6et9b Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Konishi 3 155904 1240960 2022-08-08T12:11:00Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:11, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) mklhgeoqw8sfsfnljs8hcyiw8g907hs Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ecw.technoid.dweeb 3 155905 1240961 2022-08-08T12:11:21Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:11, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) mklhgeoqw8sfsfnljs8hcyiw8g907hs Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Klapper 3 155906 1240963 2022-08-08T12:11:41Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:11, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) mklhgeoqw8sfsfnljs8hcyiw8g907hs Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Axbyc 3 155907 1240965 2022-08-08T12:12:01Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:12, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 8pkh9805csue1zlzin4ihnhcbd9nh1k Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:JarleN 3 155908 1240966 2022-08-08T12:12:19Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:12, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 8pkh9805csue1zlzin4ihnhcbd9nh1k Jamii:Waimbaji wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo 14 155909 1240967 2022-08-08T12:12:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|K]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|K]] lkrpxetkuewmpxod54o1eb4a7eejg5w Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Akari okajima 3 155910 1240968 2022-08-08T12:12:36Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:12, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 8pkh9805csue1zlzin4ihnhcbd9nh1k Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ananas96 3 155911 1240969 2022-08-08T12:12:56Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:12, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 8pkh9805csue1zlzin4ihnhcbd9nh1k Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Herr Kriss 3 155912 1240970 2022-08-08T12:13:15Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:13, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) jsshsa5c10uw6cc55ufqrfg0bdts5kj Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bogdangiusca 3 155913 1240971 2022-08-08T12:13:34Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:13, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) jsshsa5c10uw6cc55ufqrfg0bdts5kj Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Stealth500 3 155914 1240972 2022-08-08T12:13:54Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:13, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) jsshsa5c10uw6cc55ufqrfg0bdts5kj Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Temuri rajavi 3 155915 1240973 2022-08-08T12:14:11Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:14, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 1ij3mwmhlb6enm22zv92ogw7p177nc1 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Minque 3 155916 1240974 2022-08-08T12:14:29Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:14, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 1ij3mwmhlb6enm22zv92ogw7p177nc1 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Skadinaujo 3 155917 1240975 2022-08-08T12:15:01Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:15, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) f0s1juj9ylw99bjmr9u3tds2mp2fvzi Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magairlin 3 155918 1240976 2022-08-08T12:15:19Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:15, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) f0s1juj9ylw99bjmr9u3tds2mp2fvzi Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Fomafix 3 155919 1240978 2022-08-08T12:16:07Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:16, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) r61i3atqwguukskg7rw3k3pd4obr1af Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dolledre 3 155920 1240980 2022-08-08T12:16:27Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:16, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) r61i3atqwguukskg7rw3k3pd4obr1af Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Thurs 3 155921 1240981 2022-08-08T12:16:48Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:16, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) r61i3atqwguukskg7rw3k3pd4obr1af Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Agora 3 155922 1240982 2022-08-08T12:17:06Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:17, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 9bsj5ff25wztj2tek0v827105u0lzpz Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Sir Louis Point du Lac Bot 3 155923 1240983 2022-08-08T12:17:27Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:17, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 9bsj5ff25wztj2tek0v827105u0lzpz Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Syrcro 3 155924 1240985 2022-08-08T12:17:48Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:17, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 9bsj5ff25wztj2tek0v827105u0lzpz Jamii:Waimbaji wa Australia 14 155925 1240986 2022-08-08T12:18:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|A]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|A]] rikzy8p41vx84ffmu8kg6oo6qd42qsl Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NINAME 3 155926 1240987 2022-08-08T12:18:12Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:18, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) r8ksl8gmqkv65b37rcpf0g7wflvk4x4 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Luckas Blade 3 155927 1240988 2022-08-08T12:18:42Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:18, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) r8ksl8gmqkv65b37rcpf0g7wflvk4x4 Jamii:Waimbaji wa Hispania 14 155928 1240989 2022-08-08T12:18:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|H]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|H]] a0hfb1aipjpbnf0a8d9gz16b23wv009 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Eklipse 3 155929 1240990 2022-08-08T12:19:03Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:19, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 8zvq6el1l4li7uq1sr05nbum2t2en8r Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MrBlueSky 3 155930 1240991 2022-08-08T12:19:25Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:19, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 8zvq6el1l4li7uq1sr05nbum2t2en8r Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Judzey 3 155931 1240992 2022-08-08T12:20:19Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:20, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) tlnonjsieex8la6xg5z2bx8g5a1tdhf Jamii:Waimbaji wa Indonesia 14 155932 1240993 2022-08-08T12:20:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Indonesia]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|I]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Indonesia]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|I]] ta3e2wjudxn651bndjc8pysv1sy2j35 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Irena matic 3 155933 1240994 2022-08-08T12:20:37Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:20, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) tlnonjsieex8la6xg5z2bx8g5a1tdhf Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Knopfkind 3 155934 1240995 2022-08-08T12:21:04Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:21, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 88isn9t2uw7qpn274ykqt8jufi84nkb Jamii:Waimbaji wa Israel 14 155935 1240996 2022-08-08T12:21:12Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Israel]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|I]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Israel]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|I]] 23xj0adebkat9k52x07m3hivoifyhzd Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EOZyo 3 155936 1240997 2022-08-08T12:21:25Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:21, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 88isn9t2uw7qpn274ykqt8jufi84nkb Jamii:Waimbaji wa Italia 14 155937 1240998 2022-08-08T12:21:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|I]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|I]] q0tzlt9z0tui70zhq5uizsiva14mt30 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:VanBeem 3 155938 1240999 2022-08-08T12:22:15Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:22, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rb31dpyailtpzhs6qrnsk85appeoxmz Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Blkwido 3 155939 1241000 2022-08-08T12:22:35Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:22, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rb31dpyailtpzhs6qrnsk85appeoxmz Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Eldarion 3 155940 1241001 2022-08-08T12:22:54Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:22, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rb31dpyailtpzhs6qrnsk85appeoxmz Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Abestic28 3 155941 1241002 2022-08-08T12:23:27Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:23, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) orc3qu4jg557hikgx8rdhcz1agtx89r Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Robin Stocker 3 155942 1241004 2022-08-08T12:23:45Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:23, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) orc3qu4jg557hikgx8rdhcz1agtx89r Jamii:Waimbaji wa Cote d'Ivoire 14 155943 1241005 2022-08-08T12:23:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Cote d'Ivoire]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|C]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Cote d'Ivoire]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|C]] 07xlvqg0mu95e6501wotw4gwsdn5jim Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Herr Klugbeisser 3 155944 1241006 2022-08-08T12:24:04Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:24, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) drj5pix4qbxwhj10yq02zt3q8bq444z Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Louis Marneffe 3 155945 1241007 2022-08-08T12:24:25Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 12:24, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) drj5pix4qbxwhj10yq02zt3q8bq444z Serengeti Afrika (filamu) 0 155946 1241021 2022-08-08T12:37:59Z Idd ninga 30188 Idd ninga alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Serengeti Afrika (filamu)]] hadi [[Africa: The Serengeti (Filamu)]]: Usahihi wa Jina wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Africa: The Serengeti (Filamu)]] 9lnd0tcs1dcujkzoj635uhd00igpnw8 Jamii:USWCHSS 14 155947 1241029 2022-08-08T12:45:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:editathons swwiki]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:editathons swwiki]] 0vc3sad82xr52qhi3fmugvo7mdw2lgw Jamii:USW CHSS 14 155948 1241030 2022-08-08T12:46:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:edithatons swwiki]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:edithatons swwiki]] 72c2mzof1p3q4oxzoljukoja9jc0rry 1241031 1241030 2022-08-08T12:46:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:editathons swwiki]] 0vc3sad82xr52qhi3fmugvo7mdw2lgw Jamii:Daa 14 155949 1241042 2022-08-08T12:52:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:polychaeta]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:polychaeta]] p7c4ppw1dayyyvhht9fpjlxdx6y2jn9 Farouk Topan 0 155950 1241044 2022-08-08T12:52:42Z Kamara2109 55365 chapisho jipya wikitext text/x-wiki '''Farouk Mohamedhusein Tharia Topan''' (Amezaliwa 1940) ni mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Kiswahili katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Aga Khan]]. Ni mtaalamu wa lugha na fasihi ya [[Waswahili]]. Amefundisha katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam|chuo kikuu cha Dar es salaam]], Taasisi ya Ismaili pia shule ya Oriental na masomo ya kiafrika. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Baada ya kuhitimu elimu yake ya msingi, Topan akiwa na miaka 19 alisafiri kwenda Uingereza kuchukua shahada ya [[anthropolojia]], isimu na fasihi katika shule Oriental na masomo ya kiafrika katika chuo kikuu cha Landani. Badae alikamilisha Udakitari wake kwa kupokea umiliki wa roho mnamo mwaka 1972 kwa hoja yenye jina "Oral literature in a ritual setting: the role of spirit songs in a spirit-mediumship cult of Mombasa, Kenya."<ref>{{Citation|title=Bulletin of the School of Oriental & African Studies|date=2022-06-24|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bulletin_of_the_School_of_Oriental_%26_African_Studies&oldid=1094849210|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref>Hoja hii iliangazia hasa ibada ya kipemba huko [[Changamwe]], [[Kenya]], pia [[Desturi|destur]]<nowiki/>i za pungwa na aina za fasihi simulizi zinazotolewa na dhehebu hilo. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waswahili]] [[Jamii:Fasihi]] c5gzuazpk7f7lrf1zgbqz5xtxpxxbh9 1241050 1241044 2022-08-08T13:01:20Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Farouk Mohamedhusein Tharia Topan''' (Amezaliwa [[1940]]) ni mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Kiswahili katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Aga Khan]]. Ni mtaalamu wa lugha na fasihi ya [[Waswahili]]. Amefundisha katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]], Taasisi ya Ismaili pia shule ya Oriental na masomo ya kiafrika. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Baada ya kuhitimu elimu yake ya msingi, Topan akiwa na miaka 19 alisafiri kwenda [[Uingereza]] kuchukua shahada ya [[anthropolojia]], isimu na fasihi katika shule Oriental na masomo ya kiafrika katika chuo kikuu cha Landani. Badae alikamilisha Udakitari wake kwa kupokea umiliki wa roho mnamo mwaka 1972 kwa hoja yenye jina "Oral literature in a ritual setting: the role of spirit songs in a spirit-mediumship cult of Mombasa, Kenya.Hoja hii iliangazia hasa ibada ya kipemba huko [[Changamwe]], [[Kenya]], pia [[Desturi|destur]]<nowiki/>i za pungwa na aina za fasihi simulizi zinazotolewa na dhehebu hilo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Waswahili]] [[Jamii:Fasihi]] ii87x36tuqqvbfv61cml7za8elk7mvi Times Tower 0 155951 1241052 2022-08-08T13:04:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Picha:Times_tower.jpg|thumb|Jengo lilivyo.]] '''Times Tower''' (au '''New Central Bank Tower''') ni [[jengo]] la tatu kwa [[urefu]] jijini [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]], ukifikia [[mita]] 140 kutoka ardhini<ref>[http://www.howardhumphreys.com/project_pages/times.htm Times Tower Building] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311015954/http://www.howardhumphreys.com/project_pages/times.htm |date=11 March 2007 }}</ref> . =...' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Times_tower.jpg|thumb|Jengo lilivyo.]] '''Times Tower''' (au '''New Central Bank Tower''') ni [[jengo]] la tatu kwa [[urefu]] jijini [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]], ukifikia [[mita]] 140 kutoka ardhini<ref>[http://www.howardhumphreys.com/project_pages/times.htm Times Tower Building] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311015954/http://www.howardhumphreys.com/project_pages/times.htm |date=11 March 2007 }}</ref> . ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * {{commonscat-inline|Times Tower|'''Times Tower'''}} * [http://www.revenue.go.ke Kenya Revenue Authority home page] * {{Emporis|id=103391|name=Times Tower}} [[Jamii:majengo mjini Nairobi]] b5t96jb5amp09spmi0d1evu35ywjuwx 1241054 1241052 2022-08-08T13:04:31Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Times_tower.jpg|thumb|Jengo lilivyo.]] '''Times Tower''' (au '''New Central Bank Tower''') ni [[jengo]] la tatu kwa [[urefu]] jijini [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]], ukifikia [[mita]] 140 kutoka ardhini<ref>[http://www.howardhumphreys.com/project_pages/times.htm Times Tower Building] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311015954/http://www.howardhumphreys.com/project_pages/times.htm |date=11 March 2007 }}</ref> . ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * {{commonscat-inline|Times Tower|'''Times Tower'''}} * [http://www.revenue.go.ke Kenya Revenue Authority home page] [[Jamii:majengo mjini Nairobi]] neq0qcqsetd9yfdycz0qupjwornc19a 1241056 1241054 2022-08-08T13:05:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Times_tower.jpg|thumb|Jengo lilivyo.]] '''Times Tower''' (au '''New Central Bank Tower''') ni [[jengo]] la tatu kwa [[urefu]] jijini [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]], ukifikia [[mita]] 140 kutoka ardhini<ref>[http://www.howardhumphreys.com/project_pages/times.htm Times Tower Building] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311015954/http://www.howardhumphreys.com/project_pages/times.htm |date=11 March 2007 }}</ref> . ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * {{commonscat-inline|Times Tower|'''Times Tower'''}} * [http://www.revenue.go.ke Kenya Revenue Authority home page] {{nairobi}} [[Jamii:majengo mjini Nairobi]] 0ycy7alhkw4dymwsnwl216d5jh28bo2 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ShockingHawk 3 155952 1241057 2022-08-08T13:06:20Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:06, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ijvpb3lji5fojqquxubp989ez9qms22 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bezzerwizzer 3 155953 1241058 2022-08-08T13:06:47Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:06, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ijvpb3lji5fojqquxubp989ez9qms22 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bouwe Brouwer 3 155954 1241059 2022-08-08T13:07:13Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:07, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) an1ortrhd7adq6aq894771845jb43k5 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Math34 3 155955 1241060 2022-08-08T13:07:36Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:07, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) an1ortrhd7adq6aq894771845jb43k5 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kuryuga 3 155956 1241061 2022-08-08T13:07:54Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:07, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) an1ortrhd7adq6aq894771845jb43k5 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Möchtegern 3 155957 1241062 2022-08-08T13:08:12Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:08, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) q8tbz8vmp5lvri9a90o6ivh8ztdo51b Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ethnologue 3 155958 1241063 2022-08-08T13:08:33Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:08, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) q8tbz8vmp5lvri9a90o6ivh8ztdo51b Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Darkking3 3 155959 1241064 2022-08-08T13:08:55Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:08, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) q8tbz8vmp5lvri9a90o6ivh8ztdo51b Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Atamari 3 155960 1241065 2022-08-08T13:09:12Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:09, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) mo7bibwr6jcbrpsnkjr9vyrr4falrmi Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Nemo5576 3 155961 1241066 2022-08-08T13:09:36Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:09, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) mo7bibwr6jcbrpsnkjr9vyrr4falrmi Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Lirion 3 155962 1241067 2022-08-08T13:09:58Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:09, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) mo7bibwr6jcbrpsnkjr9vyrr4falrmi Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Blooper4912 3 155963 1241068 2022-08-08T13:10:17Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:10, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) bf4yyt7nxvehg2dr9poyxqsrim43jrp Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:BlackCat 3 155964 1241069 2022-08-08T13:10:34Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:10, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) bf4yyt7nxvehg2dr9poyxqsrim43jrp Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dodo 3 155965 1241070 2022-08-08T13:10:52Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:10, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) bf4yyt7nxvehg2dr9poyxqsrim43jrp Chuo Kikuu cha Daystar 0 155966 1241071 2022-08-08T13:11:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Daystar University''' ni [[Chuo Kikuu|chuo kikuu]] cha [[Kenya]] kilichoanzishwa [[Nairobi]] lakini kwa sasa kituo kikubwa zaidi ni kile cha [[Athi River]]. == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.daystar.ac.ke Official Web Site] * [https://sites.google.com/a/daystar.ac.ke/department-of-language-and-performing-arts/ Daystar's Department of Language and Performing Arts] * [http://larryndivo.blogspot.com/ Engage: Discourses on Kenyan Literature] written by La...' wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daystar University''' ni [[Chuo Kikuu|chuo kikuu]] cha [[Kenya]] kilichoanzishwa [[Nairobi]] lakini kwa sasa kituo kikubwa zaidi ni kile cha [[Athi River]]. == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.daystar.ac.ke Official Web Site] * [https://sites.google.com/a/daystar.ac.ke/department-of-language-and-performing-arts/ Daystar's Department of Language and Performing Arts] * [http://larryndivo.blogspot.com/ Engage: Discourses on Kenyan Literature] written by Larry Ndivo {{Nairobi}} [[Jamii:Elimu ya Kenya]] [[Jamii:elimu jijini Nairobi]] [[Jamii:vyuo vikuu vya Kenya]] rx0fvrycwezbbo6ol5floerr84vmj4t 1241097 1241071 2022-08-08T14:02:40Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Daystar University]] hadi [[Chuo Kikuu cha Daystar]]: jina la Kiswahili wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daystar University''' ni [[Chuo Kikuu|chuo kikuu]] cha [[Kenya]] kilichoanzishwa [[Nairobi]] lakini kwa sasa kituo kikubwa zaidi ni kile cha [[Athi River]]. == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.daystar.ac.ke Official Web Site] * [https://sites.google.com/a/daystar.ac.ke/department-of-language-and-performing-arts/ Daystar's Department of Language and Performing Arts] * [http://larryndivo.blogspot.com/ Engage: Discourses on Kenyan Literature] written by Larry Ndivo {{Nairobi}} [[Jamii:Elimu ya Kenya]] [[Jamii:elimu jijini Nairobi]] [[Jamii:vyuo vikuu vya Kenya]] rx0fvrycwezbbo6ol5floerr84vmj4t Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Redf0x 3 155967 1241072 2022-08-08T13:11:11Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:11, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) cwsh0ijtqkjnuf0prlhtd94jdjzsxmx Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jorchr 3 155968 1241073 2022-08-08T13:11:28Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:11, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) cwsh0ijtqkjnuf0prlhtd94jdjzsxmx Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Eryque 3 155969 1241074 2022-08-08T13:11:47Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:11, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) cwsh0ijtqkjnuf0prlhtd94jdjzsxmx Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Atgnclk 3 155970 1241077 2022-08-08T13:17:35Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:17, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) pe58gvw2p8ewketmfm4ypqvofa6602w Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Pgbk87 3 155971 1241078 2022-08-08T13:18:16Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:18, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 1hsub95fb1bbde9vkq9jdm7ceiym5du Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:GcSwRhIc 3 155972 1241079 2022-08-08T13:18:35Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:18, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 1hsub95fb1bbde9vkq9jdm7ceiym5du Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Pavao Zornija 3 155973 1241080 2022-08-08T13:18:53Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:18, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 1hsub95fb1bbde9vkq9jdm7ceiym5du Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Grk1011 3 155974 1241081 2022-08-08T13:19:13Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:19, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) donstokqfjyy1gu59b3dagm7ork3ayf Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Simonappel 3 155975 1241082 2022-08-08T13:19:31Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:19, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) donstokqfjyy1gu59b3dagm7ork3ayf Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Nnh 3 155976 1241083 2022-08-08T13:19:49Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:19, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) donstokqfjyy1gu59b3dagm7ork3ayf Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Politeguy 3 155977 1241084 2022-08-08T13:20:33Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:20, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 1iau47a8hv828c2fpueqnouhvueefo5 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Csigabi 3 155978 1241085 2022-08-08T13:20:51Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:20, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 1iau47a8hv828c2fpueqnouhvueefo5 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Qbaza 3 155979 1241086 2022-08-08T13:21:10Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) i553kxdehld0bvzq5z96j20jtn6oe7d Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Oracle Database 3 155980 1241087 2022-08-08T13:21:29Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) i553kxdehld0bvzq5z96j20jtn6oe7d Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rocleveq 3 155981 1241088 2022-08-08T13:21:53Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) i553kxdehld0bvzq5z96j20jtn6oe7d Daystar University 0 155982 1241098 2022-08-08T14:02:40Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Daystar University]] hadi [[Chuo Kikuu cha Daystar]]: jina la Kiswahili wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Chuo Kikuu cha Daystar]] hqy3yd8vc23la6imnjylfa6zzfvwi0w Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Marekani cha Afrika 0 155983 1241105 2022-08-08T14:07:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Marekani cha Afrika]] hadi [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Marekani - Afrika]]: Usahihi wa jina wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Marekani - Afrika]] n8nk0dd3bllva8g4kwozrj20zuwcpjl Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Klaimore 3 155984 1241106 2022-08-08T14:08:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:08, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) h2cf44j7ovh8ignsd4hdh7o3l88m5jd Watu Wote (filamu) 0 155985 1241117 2022-08-08T14:20:17Z Awadhi Awampo 48284 chapisho jipya wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Watu Wote;''' Ni filamu ya mwaka 2017 iliyotengenezwa na watu wa [[Kenya]] pamoja na watu wa [[ujerumani]], iliyoongozwa na katja benrath, filamu hii ni kazi yake baada ya kuhitimu katika shule ya habari ya Hamburg .filamu hii imejikita katika [[shambulio]] la [[wanamgambo]] wa Al-Shabaab, lililofanyika jimbo la Mandera nchini kenya.''<ref>{{Cite web|title=This Oscar-nominated film shows how terrorists put Kenya’s religious harmony to test|url=https://qz.com/africa/1188938/oscar-nominations-2018-watu-wote-shows-al-shabaab-test-kenyas-religious-harmony/|work=Quartz|date=2018-01-25|accessdate=2022-08-08|language=en}}</ref>''kutokana na maelezo filamu hii ilipokea [[sifa]] nyingi na ikashinda tuzo ya ubora katika chuo cha tuzo.''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet the 2017 Student Academy Awards Finalists|url=https://www.oscars.org/news/meet-2017-student-academy-awards-finalists|work=Oscars.org {{!}} Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|date=2017-08-10|accessdate=2022-08-08|language=en}}</ref> ''utengenezaji wa filamu hii ulipitia changamoto nyingi kutokana na kuibiwa kwa [[Kamerun ya Kiingereza|kamera]] ya kikundi kwaajili ya kurekodia matukio uliofanyika kabla ya kuanza kuigiza filamu hio.'' == marejeo == [[Jamii:Kenya]] [[Jamii:Ujerumani]] ag5g67zfgbybgs69gvclr00m3p460cw 1241125 1241117 2022-08-08T14:30:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Watu Wote(filamu)]] hadi [[Watu Wote (filamu)]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Watu Wote;''' Ni filamu ya mwaka 2017 iliyotengenezwa na watu wa [[Kenya]] pamoja na watu wa [[ujerumani]], iliyoongozwa na katja benrath, filamu hii ni kazi yake baada ya kuhitimu katika shule ya habari ya Hamburg .filamu hii imejikita katika [[shambulio]] la [[wanamgambo]] wa Al-Shabaab, lililofanyika jimbo la Mandera nchini kenya.''<ref>{{Cite web|title=This Oscar-nominated film shows how terrorists put Kenya’s religious harmony to test|url=https://qz.com/africa/1188938/oscar-nominations-2018-watu-wote-shows-al-shabaab-test-kenyas-religious-harmony/|work=Quartz|date=2018-01-25|accessdate=2022-08-08|language=en}}</ref>''kutokana na maelezo filamu hii ilipokea [[sifa]] nyingi na ikashinda tuzo ya ubora katika chuo cha tuzo.''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet the 2017 Student Academy Awards Finalists|url=https://www.oscars.org/news/meet-2017-student-academy-awards-finalists|work=Oscars.org {{!}} Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|date=2017-08-10|accessdate=2022-08-08|language=en}}</ref> ''utengenezaji wa filamu hii ulipitia changamoto nyingi kutokana na kuibiwa kwa [[Kamerun ya Kiingereza|kamera]] ya kikundi kwaajili ya kurekodia matukio uliofanyika kabla ya kuanza kuigiza filamu hio.'' == marejeo == [[Jamii:Kenya]] [[Jamii:Ujerumani]] ag5g67zfgbybgs69gvclr00m3p460cw 1241128 1241125 2022-08-08T14:33:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Watu Wote''''' ni filamu fupi ya mwaka 2017 iliyotengenezwa na watu wa [[Kenya]] pamoja na watu wa [[ujerumani]], iliyoongozwa na Katja Benrath, kama mradi wake wa kuhitimu katika Shule ya Vyombo vya Habari ya Hamburg<ref>{{Citation|title=Bill Plympton, Academy Award–Nominated Independent Animator|date=2013-02-11|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080514956-58|work=Producing Independent 2D Character Animation|pages=288–295|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-08-051495-6|access-date=2022-08-07}}</ref>. Filamu hiyo inatokana na shambulio la basi la Desemba 2015 lililofanywa na Al-Shabaab huko Mandera, Kenya <ref>{{Citation|last=Hamden|first=Raymond H.|title=Ethnogeographic Terrorists: Religious and Political|date=2018-11-20|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315156750-5|work=Psychology of Terrorists|pages=51–64|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-315-15675-0|access-date=2022-08-07}}</ref> == Muundo == Jua, Mkristo anayeishi Kenya, anapanda basi la kukodi kumtembelea jamaa na hana raha kuzungukwa na abiria wa Kiislamu. Basi hilo limesimamishwa na kundi la kigaidi lenye vurugu la Al-Shabaab, ambalo wanachama wake wanawataka Waislamu kuwatambua abiria wa Kikristo. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2017-09|title=Outstanding Dietetics Student Awards, 2017|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2017.07.011|journal=Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics|volume=117|issue=9|pages=1460|doi=10.1016/j.jand.2017.07.011|issn=2212-2672}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2017-02-21|title=Accused student challenges panel's findings|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/say.30314|journal=Student Affairs Today|volume=19|issue=12|pages=10–10|doi=10.1002/say.30314|issn=1098-5166}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:filamu za Kenya]] [[Jamii:filamu za Ujerumani]] 9udmsky246v72i0cfcju8xflos0zr26 Jamii:Chaguzi 14 155986 1241121 2022-08-08T14:25:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{commonscat|Elections}} [[Jamii:siasa]]' wikitext text/x-wiki {{commonscat|Elections}} [[Jamii:siasa]] nzziyd9nxjm1t8uma8g509u4xrn0to0 The Letter (2019 filamu) 0 155987 1241124 2022-08-08T14:28:07Z Immah 146 55367 Chapisho Jipya wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Letter''''' Ni [[filamu]] yenye maudhui ya kikenya iliyo rekodiwa mwaka 2019 iliyoongozwa na [[Maia Lekow]] and [[Chris King]]. Filamu ilichaguliwa kama ingizo la Wakenya kama Filamu Bora Zaidi ya Kimataifa kwenye tuzo za [[93rd Academy Awards]], lakini haikuteuliwa kushinda tuzo hiyo.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Letter (2019 film)|date=2022-07-15|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Letter_(2019_film)&oldid=1098420297|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> == Muhtasari == Kijana mmoja mdogo alimtembelea Bibi yake kijijini ili kujua kama anatuhumiwa na kujihusisha na mambo ya kichawi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IDFA Film Review: ‘The Letter’|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/the-letter-review-1203414653/|work=Variety|date=2019-11-24|accessdate=2022-08-08|language=en-US|author=Guy Lodge, Guy Lodge}}</ref> [[Jamii:Filamu za 2019]] 146h7r1k6wt7c4mjtx5i827bq2om9b5 1241129 1241124 2022-08-08T14:34:47Z Immah 146 55367 /* Muhtasari */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Letter''''' Ni [[filamu]] yenye maudhui ya kikenya iliyo rekodiwa mwaka 2019 iliyoongozwa na [[Maia Lekow]] and [[Chris King]]. Filamu ilichaguliwa kama ingizo la Wakenya kama Filamu Bora Zaidi ya Kimataifa kwenye tuzo za [[93rd Academy Awards]], lakini haikuteuliwa kushinda tuzo hiyo.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Letter (2019 film)|date=2022-07-15|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Letter_(2019_film)&oldid=1098420297|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> == Muhtasari == Kijana mmoja mdogo alimtembelea Bibi yake kijijini ili kujua kama anatuhumiwa na kujihusisha na mambo ya kichawi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IDFA Film Review: ‘The Letter’|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/the-letter-review-1203414653/|work=Variety|date=2019-11-24|accessdate=2022-08-08|language=en-US|author=Guy Lodge, Guy Lodge}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Filamu za 2019]] lcn506ue68kx53tbcowiuddxy3lfxk7 Watu Wote(filamu) 0 155988 1241126 2022-08-08T14:30:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Watu Wote(filamu)]] hadi [[Watu Wote (filamu)]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Watu Wote (filamu)]] nvvc8lzkla2kqq315wlp1fpwte64tmv Jamii:Waliofariki 1064 14 155989 1241143 2022-08-08T14:49:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:waliofariki karne ya 11]] [[Jamii:1064]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:waliofariki karne ya 11]] [[Jamii:1064]] oqcae2g5fsem8xtzzkjdzkzm99ibddy Jamii:Waliofariki 1102 14 155990 1241144 2022-08-08T14:50:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:waliofariki karne ya 12]] [[Jamii:1102]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:waliofariki karne ya 12]] [[Jamii:1102]] lrz82jru6dnsk41rd7ops3ix2ta5htl Something Necessary 0 155991 1241145 2022-08-08T14:51:42Z Awadhi Awampo 48284 chapisho jipya wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Something Necessary;''' Ni filamu ya Kenya iliyotolewa mwaka 2013 yenye [[matukio]] ya michezo mbalimbali [[iliyoongozwa]] na Judy Kibinge. Filamu hii ilioneshwa kwenye [[Sinema Zetu|sinema]] inayo onekana [[ulimwengu]] mzima huko nchini Toronto mwaka 2013 kwenye [[tamasha]] la filamu la [[kimataifa]].''<ref>http://tiff.net/filmsandschedules/festival/2013/somethingnecessary</ref><ref>http://www.indiewire.com/article/toronto-adds-75-titles-to-2013-edition-james-franco-alex-gibney-hayao-miyazaki-sean-durkin-and-kevin-macdonald-among-them?page=2</ref> == marejeo == [[Jamii:Kenya]] p34gg8629k3vsdbbjrv5qfotmbgddrv 1241346 1241145 2022-08-09T07:11:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Something Necessary(filamu)]] hadi [[Something Necessary (filamu)]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Something Necessary;''' Ni filamu ya Kenya iliyotolewa mwaka 2013 yenye [[matukio]] ya michezo mbalimbali [[iliyoongozwa]] na Judy Kibinge. Filamu hii ilioneshwa kwenye [[Sinema Zetu|sinema]] inayo onekana [[ulimwengu]] mzima huko nchini Toronto mwaka 2013 kwenye [[tamasha]] la filamu la [[kimataifa]].''<ref>http://tiff.net/filmsandschedules/festival/2013/somethingnecessary</ref><ref>http://www.indiewire.com/article/toronto-adds-75-titles-to-2013-edition-james-franco-alex-gibney-hayao-miyazaki-sean-durkin-and-kevin-macdonald-among-them?page=2</ref> == marejeo == [[Jamii:Kenya]] p34gg8629k3vsdbbjrv5qfotmbgddrv 1241425 1241346 2022-08-09T07:55:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Something Necessary (filamu)]] hadi [[Something Necessary]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Something Necessary;''' Ni filamu ya Kenya iliyotolewa mwaka 2013 yenye [[matukio]] ya michezo mbalimbali [[iliyoongozwa]] na Judy Kibinge. Filamu hii ilioneshwa kwenye [[Sinema Zetu|sinema]] inayo onekana [[ulimwengu]] mzima huko nchini Toronto mwaka 2013 kwenye [[tamasha]] la filamu la [[kimataifa]].''<ref>http://tiff.net/filmsandschedules/festival/2013/somethingnecessary</ref><ref>http://www.indiewire.com/article/toronto-adds-75-titles-to-2013-edition-james-franco-alex-gibney-hayao-miyazaki-sean-durkin-and-kevin-macdonald-among-them?page=2</ref> == marejeo == [[Jamii:Kenya]] p34gg8629k3vsdbbjrv5qfotmbgddrv 1241427 1241425 2022-08-09T07:56:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Something Necessary''''' ni [[filamu]] ya [[Kenya]] iliyotolewa mwaka 2013 yenye [[matukio]] ya michezo mbalimbali iliyoongozwa na Judy Kibinge. Filamu hii ilioneshwa kwenye [[Sinema Zetu|sinema]] inayo onekana [[ulimwengu]] mzima huko nchini Toronto mwaka 2013 kwenye [[tamasha]] la filamu la [[kimataifa]].''<ref>http://tiff.net/filmsandschedules/festival/2013/somethingnecessary</ref><ref>http://www.indiewire.com/article/toronto-adds-75-titles-to-2013-edition-james-franco-alex-gibney-hayao-miyazaki-sean-durkin-and-kevin-macdonald-among-them?page=2</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Filamu za Kenya]] [[Jamii:filamu za 2013]] bvkbd9eblgamzy25bp31efcni284gqx Thomas Cranmer 0 155992 1241149 2022-08-08T15:28:30Z Kipala 107 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1102755604|Thomas Cranmer]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Cranmer''' ( 2 Julai 1489 – 21 Machi 1556 ) alikuwa [[Askofu Mkuu wa Canterbury]] na kiongozi wa Matengenezo ya Kanisa la Uingereza wakati wa enzi za wafalme [[Henry VIII]], [[Edward VI wa Uingereza|Edward VI]] na malkia Mary I . Alisaidia kujenga kesi ya kubatilishwa kwa ndoa ya Henry VIII na Katharina wa Aragon. Talaka hiyo ilikuwa mojawapo ya sababu za kutengana kwa Kanisa la Uingereza kutoka kwa Kanisa Katoliki chini ya Papa wa Roma. Pamoja na Thomas Cromwell aliunga mkono kanuni ya ukuu wa kifalme. Hapo alikubali mamlaka ya mfalme juu ya Kanisa ndani ya milki yake. Wakati wa uongozi wa Cranmer kama Askofu Mkuu wa Canterbury alianzisha mabadiliko katika mafundisho na liturgia ya Kanisa la Uingereza. Wakati wa utawala wa mfalme Henry VIII, Cranmer hakufanya mabadiliko mengi katika Kanisa. 4hxc6mrf5bsc4u1jwsw0lzem012p5vx 1241152 1241149 2022-08-08T15:50:58Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Cranmer''' ( 2 Julai 1489 – 21 Machi 1556 ) alikuwa [[Askofu Mkuu wa Canterbury]] na kiongozi wa Matengenezo ya Kanisa la Uingereza wakati wa enzi za wafalme [[Henry VIII]], [[Edward VI wa Uingereza|Edward VI]] na malkia Mary I . Alisaidia kujenga kesi ya kubatilishwa kwa ndoa ya Henry VIII na Katharina wa Aragon. Talaka hiyo ilikuwa mojawapo ya sababu za kutengana kwa Kanisa la Uingereza kutoka kwa Kanisa Katoliki chini ya Papa wa Roma. Pamoja na Thomas Cromwell aliunga mkono kanuni ya ukuu wa kifalme. Hapo alikubali mamlaka ya mfalme juu ya Kanisa ndani ya milki yake. Wakati wa uongozi wa Cranmer kama Askofu Mkuu wa Canterbury alianzisha mabadiliko katika mafundisho na liturgia ya Kanisa la Uingereza. Wakati wa utawala wa mfalme Henry VIII, Cranmer hakufanya mabadiliko mengi katika Kanisa. Alitunga utaratibu wa ibada ya kwanza uliotafsiriwa kwa lugha ya Kiingereza badala ya Kilatini. Chini ya mfalme Edward aliyemfuata Henry VIII, Cranmer aliweza kuleta mabadiliko mengi zaidi. Alitunga matoleo mawili ya kwanza ya Kitabu cha Sala kwa Watu (Book of Common Prayer) chenye liturgia kamili kwa ajili ya Kanisa la Uingereza. Alipokea wanamatengenezo kadhaa kutoka Ulaya Bara waliofika kama wakimbizi kutoka maeneo chini ya serikali za kikatoliki. Walimsaidia kubadilisha mafundisho kuhusu mambo kama vile Ekaristi, useja wa makasisi, nafasi ya sanamu makanisani na ibada ya watakatifu. Cranmer alisambaza mafundisho mapya, pamoja na Kitabu cha sala, kwa vitabu viwili vya mahubiri (homilies) yaliyotakiwa kusomwa na mapadre katika ibada za makanisani. Baada ya Edward VI malkia Mary I alichukua madaraka; alikuwa mkatoliki akalenga kurudisha nchi chini ya Kanisa Katoliki. Aliagiza kumkamata Cranmer na kumshtaki kwa uhaini na uzushi . Aliwekwa mbele ya mahakama ya mahakimu Wakatoliki pamoja na wasaidizi wawili. Wote walihukumiwa kifo cha kuchomwa hai motoni ambayo ilikuwa adhabu kwa wazushi. Katika miaka miwili alipokaa gerezani, Cranmer alipaswa kushuhudia kuchomwa kwa wenzake. Baadaye alijaribu kuokoa uhai wake kwa kukana mafundisho yake ya awali. Kwa kawaida angesamehewa baada ya kukana, lakini malkia Mary I hakutaka kumsamehe alitaka aauawe. Kwenye siku ya hukumu yake aliambiwa kusoma tena ukanisho wake kanisani mbele ya watu kabla ya kufa. Cranmer alitumia nafasi hii kwa kuonyesha masikitiko juu ya udhaifu wake akamtaja Papa kama mwongo na adui wa Kristo. Hivyo alichomwa akifa kama mzushi wa Wakatoliki na mfia imani kwa ajili ya Kanisa Anglikana lililoendelea baadaye kwenye misingi aliyowahi kuweka.. Urithi wake unaendelea katika Kitabu cha Sala kwa Watu Wote na Makala Thelathini na Tisa ambayo ni ungamo la imani ya Kianglikana linalotokana na kazi yake. 98ix3mpotxa2itxj2lptm7hr087q40x 1241153 1241152 2022-08-08T15:53:50Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Thomas Cranmer by Gerlach Flicke.jpg|thumb|Thomas Cranmer]] '''Thomas Cranmer''' ( 2 Julai 1489 – 21 Machi 1556 ) alikuwa [[Askofu Mkuu wa Canterbury]] na kiongozi wa Matengenezo ya Kanisa la Uingereza wakati wa enzi za wafalme [[Henry VIII]], [[Edward VI wa Uingereza|Edward VI]] na malkia Mary I . Alisaidia kujenga kesi ya kubatilishwa kwa ndoa ya Henry VIII na Katharina wa Aragon. Talaka hiyo ilikuwa mojawapo ya sababu za kutengana kwa Kanisa la Uingereza kutoka kwa Kanisa Katoliki chini ya Papa wa Roma. Pamoja na Thomas Cromwell aliunga mkono kanuni ya ukuu wa kifalme. Hapo alikubali mamlaka ya mfalme juu ya Kanisa ndani ya milki yake. Wakati wa uongozi wa Cranmer kama Askofu Mkuu wa Canterbury alianzisha mabadiliko katika mafundisho na liturgia ya Kanisa la Uingereza. Wakati wa utawala wa mfalme Henry VIII, Cranmer hakufanya mabadiliko mengi katika Kanisa. Alitunga utaratibu wa ibada ya kwanza uliotafsiriwa kwa lugha ya Kiingereza badala ya Kilatini. Chini ya mfalme Edward aliyemfuata Henry VIII, Cranmer aliweza kuleta mabadiliko mengi zaidi. Alitunga matoleo mawili ya kwanza ya Kitabu cha Sala kwa Watu (Book of Common Prayer) chenye liturgia kamili kwa ajili ya Kanisa la Uingereza. Alipokea wanamatengenezo kadhaa [[kutoka Ulaya Bara waliofika kama wakimbizi kutoka maeneo chini ya serikali za kikatoliki. Walimsaidia kubadilisha mafundisho kuhusu mambo kama vile Ekaristi, useja wa makasisi, nafasi ya sanamu makanisani na ibada ya watakatifu. Cranmer alisambaza mafundisho mapya, pamoja na Kitabu cha sala, kwa vitabu viwili vya mahubiri (homilies) yaliyotakiwa kusomwa na mapadre katika ibada za makanisani. Baada ya Edward VI malkia Mary I alichukua madaraka; alikuwa mkatoliki akalenga kurudisha nchi chini ya Kanisa Katoliki. Aliagiza kumkamata Cranmer na kumshtaki kwa uhaini na uzushi . Aliwekwa mbele ya mahakama ya mahakimu Wakatoliki pamoja na wasaidizi wawili. Wote walihukumiwa kifo cha kuchomwa hai motoni ambayo ilikuwa adhabu kwa wazushi. Katika miaka miwili alipokaa gerezani, Cranmer alipaswa kushuhudia kuchomwa kwa wenzake. Baadaye alijaribu kuokoa uhai wake kwa kukana mafundisho yake ya awali. Kwa kawaida angesamehewa baada ya kukana, lakini malkia Mary I hakutaka kumsamehe alitaka aauawe. Kwenye siku ya hukumu yake aliambiwa kusoma tena ukanisho wake kanisani mbele ya watu kabla ya kufa. Cranmer alitumia nafasi hii kwa kuonyesha masikitiko juu ya udhaifu wake akamtaja Papa kama mwongo na adui wa Kristo. Hivyo alichomwa akifa kama mzushi wa Wakatoliki na mfia imani kwa ajili ya Kanisa Anglikana lililoendelea baadaye kwenye misingi aliyowahi kuweka.. Urithi wake unaendelea katika Kitabu cha Sala kwa Watu Wote na Makala Thelathini na Tisa ambayo ni ungamo la imani ya Kianglikana linalotokana na kazi yake. qpseohe097iffuectfh3qu39xf6lyxx 1241154 1241153 2022-08-08T16:05:00Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Thomas Cranmer by Gerlach Flicke.jpg|thumb|Thomas Cranmer]] '''Thomas Cranmer''' ( 2 Julai 1489 – 21 Machi 1556 ) alikuwa [[Askofu Mkuu wa Canterbury]] na kiongozi wa Matengenezo ya [[Kanisa la Uingereza]] wakati wa enzi za wafalme [[Henry VIII]], [[Edward VI wa Uingereza|Edward VI]] na malkia [[Mary I]] . Alisaidia kujenga kesi ya kubatilishwa kwa ndoa ya Henry VIII na [[Katharina wa Aragon]]. Talaka hiyo ilikuwa mojawapo ya sababu za kutengana kwa Kanisa la Uingereza kutoka kwa Kanisa Katoliki chini ya Papa wa Roma. Pamoja na [[Thomas Cromwell]] aliunga mkono kanuni ya ukuu wa kifalme. Hapo alikubali mamlaka ya mfalme juu ya Kanisa ndani ya milki yake. Aliuawa chini ya malkia Mary alipokataa kurudi katika Ukatoliki. == Mtengenezaji wa Kanisa la Uingereza == Wakati wa uongozi wa Cranmer kama Askofu Mkuu wa Canterbury alianzisha mabadiliko katika mafundisho na liturgia ya Kanisa la Uingereza. Wakati wa utawala wa mfalme Henry VIII, Cranmer hakufanya mabadiliko mengi katika kanisa. Alitunga utaratibu wa ibada ya kwanza uliotafsiriwa kwa lugha ya Kiingereza badala ya Kilatini. Chini ya mfalme Edward aliyemfuata Henry VIII, Cranmer aliweza kuleta mabadiliko mengi zaidi. Alitunga matoleo mawili ya kwanza ya Kitabu cha Sala kwa Watu (Book of Common Prayer) chenye liturgia kamili kwa ajili ya Kanisa la Uingereza. Alipokea wanamatengenezo kadhaa kutoka Ulaya Bara waliofika kama wakimbizi kutoka maeneo chini ya serikali za kikatoliki. Walimsaidia kubadilisha mafundisho kuhusu mambo kama vile [[ekaristi]], [[Useja|useja wa makasisi]], nafasi ya sanamu makanisani na ibada ya watakatifu. Cranmer alisambaza mafundisho mapya, pamoja na Kitabu cha sala, kwa vitabu viwili vya mahubiri (homilies) yaliyotakiwa kusomwa na mapadre katika ibada za makanisani. == Kifo chini ya Malkia Mary == Baada ya Edward VI malkia Mary I alichukua madaraka; alikuwa mkatoliki akalenga kurudisha nchi chini ya Kanisa Katoliki. Aliagiza kumkamata Cranmer na kumshtaki kwa uhaini na uzushi . Aliwekwa mbele ya mahakama ya mahakimu Wakatoliki pamoja na wasaidizi wawili. Wote walihukumiwa kifo cha kuchomwa hai motoni ambayo ilikuwa adhabu kwa wazushi. Katika miaka miwili alipokaa gerezani, Cranmer alipaswa kushuhudia kuchomwa kwa wenzake. Baadaye alijaribu kuokoa uhai wake kwa kukana mafundisho yake ya awali. Kwa kawaida angesamehewa baada ya kukana, lakini malkia Mary I hakutaka kumsamehe alitaka aauawe. Kwenye siku ya hukumu yake aliambiwa kusoma tena ukanisho wake kanisani mbele ya watu kabla ya kufa. Cranmer alitumia nafasi hii kwa kuonyesha masikitiko juu ya udhaifu wake akamtaja Papa kama mwongo na adui wa Kristo. Hivyo alichomwa akifa kama mzushi wa Wakatoliki na mfia imani kwa ajili ya Kanisa Anglikana lililoendelea baadaye kwenye misingi aliyowahi kuweka. Urithi wake unaendelea katika Kitabu cha Sala kwa Watu Wote na Makala Thelathini na Tisa ambayo ni ungamo la imani ya Kianglikana linalotokana na kazi yake. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Vyanzo == * {{cite journal|last1=Avis|first1=Paul|year=2005|title=The Revision of the Ordinal in the Church of England 1550–2005|journal=Ecclesiology|volume=1|issue=2|pages=95–110|doi=10.1177/1744136605051929|issn=1744-1366}}* {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Ayris|first=Paul|date=1993a|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=God's Vicegerent and Christ's Vicar: the Relationship between the Crown and the Archbishopric of Canterbury, 1533–53|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Ayris|first=Paul|date=1993b|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Canon Law Studies|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite journal|last1=Ayris|first1=Paul|year=2001|title=The Correspondence of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, and his English Audience 1533-54|journal=Reformation & Renaissance Review|volume=3|issue=1|pages=9–33|doi=10.1558/rrr.v0i3.9|issn=1462-2459|s2cid=170741842}}* {{cite journal|last1=Ayris|first1=Paul|year=2002|title=The Public Career of Thomas Cranmer|journal=Reformation & Renaissance Review|volume=4|issue=1|pages=75–125|doi=10.1558/rrr.v0i4.75|issn=1462-2459|s2cid=145396417}}* {{cite book|title=The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2004|isbn=0-521-77662-7|editor-last=Bagchi|editor-first=David V. N.|place=Cambridge|editor2-last=Steinmetz|editor2-first=David Curtis}} * {{cite book|title=The King's Reformation: Henry VIII and the Remaking of the English Church|last=Bernard|first=G. W.|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|year=2005|isbn=0-300-12271-3|place=London}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ahistorynotting00browgoog|title=A History of Nottinghamshire|last=Brown|first=Cornelius|publisher=E. Stock|year=1891|chapter=Ch VIII|author-link=Cornelius Brown}} * {{cite journal|last=Coleman-Norton|first=P. R.|year=1929|title=The Correspondence of S. John Chrysostom (With Special Reference to His Epistles to Pope S. Innocent I)|journal=Classical Philology|volume=24|page=279|doi=10.1086/361140|number=3|s2cid=162281389}}* {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Dowling|first=Maria|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer as Humanist Reformer|author-link=Maria Dowling|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Hall|first=Basil|date=1993a|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer's Relations with Erasmianism and Lutheranism|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Hall|first=Basil|date=1993b|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer, the Eucharist, and the Foreign Divines in the Reign of Edward VI|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Heinze|first=Rudolph W.|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution='I pray God to grant that I may endure to the end': A New Look at the Martyrdom of Thomas Cranmer|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite journal|last=Hirst|first=Rev E, (Vicar of St. Paul’s Stockport)|date=1934|title=Archbishop Cranmer|url=http://archive.churchsociety.org/churchman/documents/cman_048_2_hirst.pdf|journal=Churchman Journal|volume=48|issue=2|page=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107054309/http://archive.churchsociety.org/churchman/documents/cman_048_2_hirst.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2018|access-date=7 November 2018|url-status=live}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/acompletecollec14jardgoog|title=A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors from the Earliest Period to the Year 1783|publisher=T. C. Hansard|year=1816|editor-last=Howell|editor-first=Thomas Bayly|place=London|oclc=3815652}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Loades|first=David|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Thomas Cranmer and John Dudley: An Uneasy Alliance, 1549–1553|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Intrigue and Treason: The Tudor Court, 1547–1558|last=Loades|first=David M.|publisher=Pearson Longman|year=2004|isbn=0-582-77226-5|place=Harlow, England}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerlif0000macc|title=Thomas Cranmer: A Life|last=MacCulloch|first=Diarmaid|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|year=1996|isbn=0-300-06688-0|place=London|author-link=Diarmaid MacCulloch|url-access=registration}} *{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N3TADAAAQBAJ|title=All Things Made New: The Reformation and Its Legacy|last=MacCulloch|first=Diarmaid|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-19-061682-3|authorlink=Diarmaid MacCulloch}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7S_DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA397|title=Heretics and Believers: A History of the English Reformation|last=Marshall|first=Peter|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2017|isbn=978-0-300-17062-7}} * {{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Matthew|editor-first=H. C. G.|editor2-last=Harrison|editor2-first=Brian Howard|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|date=2004|place=Oxford|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|oclc=56568095}} * {{cite book|title=Interfaces in Language|last=Mills|first=Jon|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|year=2010|isbn=978-1-4438-2433-0|editor-last=Partridge|editor-first=John|chapter=Genocide and Ethnocide: The Suppression of the Cornish Language|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xF4nBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA189}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer's Doctrine of Repentance: Renewing the Power to Love|last=Null|first=Ashley|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2006|isbn=0-19-827021-6|place=Oxford}} * {{cite book|title=Italian reform and English Reformations, c.1535-c.1585|last=Overell|first=Anne|publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]]|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7546-5579-4|place=Farnham, Surrey, UK}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/anapologyfordoc00socigoog|title=An Apology for the Doctrine of Apostolical Succession: With an Appendix, on the English Orders.|last=Perceval|first=Arthur Philip|date=1841|publisher=Rivington|edition=second|location=London|author-link=Arthur Philip Perceval}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmer0000ridl|title=Thomas Cranmer|last=Ridley|first=Jasper|publisher=[[Clarendon Press]]|year=1962|place=Oxford|oclc=398369|author-link=Jasper Ridley|url-access=registration}} * {{cite book|title=The Establishment of Modern English Prose in the Reformation and the Enlightenment|last=Robinson|first=Ian|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1998|isbn=0-521-48088-4|place=Cambridge}} * {{cite book|title=The Rise & Fall of Thomas Cromwell|last=Schofield|first=John|publisher=The History Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7524-4604-2|place=Stroud, England}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Selwyn|first=D. G.|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer's Library|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Spinks|first=Bryan D.|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|chapter=Treasures Old and New: A Look at Some of Thomas Cranmer's Methods of Liturgical Compilation|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Stevenson|first=Kenneth W.|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer's Marriage Vow: Its Place in the Tradition|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Historical and Biographical Works: Memorials of Thomas Cranmer|last=Strype|first=John|date=1840|chapter=Chapter 28|orig-year=1544|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cJVIAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA181}} mfupwvpww9npslex24g6rlmjzw9r0h9 1241378 1241154 2022-08-09T07:27:09Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Thomas Cranmer by Gerlach Flicke.jpg|thumb|Thomas Cranmer]] '''Thomas Cranmer''' (2 Julai [[1489]] – 21 Machi [[1556]]) alikuwa [[Askofu Mkuu wa Canterbury]] na [[kiongozi]] wa [[Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti|Matengenezo]] ya [[Kanisa]] la [[Uingereza]] enzi za [[Mfalme|wafalme]] [[Henry VIII]], [[Edward VI wa Uingereza|Edward VI]] na [[malkia]] [[Mary I]]. Alisaidia kujenga kesi ya kubatilishwa kwa [[Ndoa (sakramenti)|ndoa]] ya Henry VIII na [[Katarina wa Aragon]]. [[Talaka]] hiyo ilikuwa mojawapo ya sababu za kutengana kwa [[Jumuiya Anglikana|Kanisa la Uingereza]] na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] chini ya [[Papa]] wa [[Roma]]. Pamoja na [[Thomas Cromwell]] aliunga mkono kanuni ya ukuu wa kifalme. Hapo alikubali [[mamlaka]] ya mfalme juu ya [[Kanisa]] ndani ya [[Dola|milki]] yake. Aliuawa chini ya malkia Mary alipokataa kurudi katika Ukatoliki. == Mtengenezaji wa Kanisa la Uingereza == Wakati wa [[uongozi]] wake kama Askofu Mkuu wa Canterbury Cranmer alianzisha mabadiliko katika mafundisho na [[liturgia]] ya Kanisa la Uingereza. Wakati wa utawala wa mfalme Henry VIII, Cranmer hakufanya mabadiliko mengi. Alitunga utaratibu wa [[ibada]] ya kwanza uliotafsiriwa kwa [[lugha]] ya [[Kiingereza]] badala ya [[Kilatini]]. Chini ya mfalme Edward VI, aliyemfuata Henry VIII, Cranmer aliweza kuleta mabadiliko mengi zaidi. Alitunga matoleo mawili ya kwanza ya Kitabu cha Sala kwa Watu ([[Book of Common Prayer]]) chenye liturgia kamili kwa ajili ya Kanisa la Uingereza. Alipokea wanamatengenezo kadhaa kutoka [[Ulaya Bara]] waliofika kama [[Mkimbizi|wakimbizi]] kutoka maeneo chini ya [[serikali]] za Kikatoliki. Walimsaidia kubadilisha mafundisho kuhusu mambo kama vile [[ekaristi]], [[useja]] wa [[kasisi|makasisi]], nafasi ya [[sanamu]] makanisani na [[heshima]] kwa [[watakatifu]]. Cranmer alieneza mafundisho mapya, pamoja na Kitabu cha sala, kwa vitabu viwili vya mahubiri ([[hotuba]]) yaliyotakiwa kusomwa na mapadre katika ibada makanisani. == Kifo chini ya Malkia Mary == Baada ya Edward VI, malkia Mary I alichukua [[madaraka]]; alikuwa Mkatoliki akalenga kurudisha nchi chini ya Kanisa Katoliki. Aliagiza kumkamata Cranmer na kumshtaki kwa [[uhaini]] na [[uzushi]]. Alipelekwa mbele ya [[mahakama]] ya mahakimu Wakatoliki pamoja na wasaidizi wawili. Wote walihukumiwa [[adhabu ya kifo]] cha kuchomwa hai [[moto|motoni]] ambayo ilikuwa adhabu ya wazushi. Katika miaka miwili alipokaa [[gereza|gerezani]], Cranmer alipaswa kushuhudia kuchomwa kwa wenzake. Baadaye alijaribu kuokoa [[uhai]] wake kwa kukana mafundisho yake ya awali. Kwa kawaida angesamehewa baada ya kukana, lakini malkia Mary I hakutaka kumsamehe bali auawe. [[Siku]] ya [[hukumu]] yake aliambiwa kusoma tena ukanisho wake kanisani mbele ya watu kabla ya kufa. Cranmer alitumia nafasi hiyo kuonyesha masikitiko juu ya udhaifu wake akamtaja Papa kama mwongo na [[adui]] wa [[Yesu|Kristo]]. Hivyo alichomwa akafa kama mzushi kwa Wakatoliki na [[mfiadini|mfia imani]] kwa Kanisa [[Waanglikana|Anglikana]] lililoendelea baadaye kwenye misingi aliyowahi kuweka. [[Urithi]] wake unaendelea katika Kitabu cha Sala kwa Watu Wote na [[Hoja Thelathini na Tisa]] ambayo ni [[Kanuni ya Imani|ungamo la imani]] ya Kianglikana linalotokana na kazi yake. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Vyanzo == * {{cite journal|last1=Avis|first1=Paul|year=2005|title=The Revision of the Ordinal in the Church of England 1550–2005|journal=Ecclesiology|volume=1|issue=2|pages=95–110|doi=10.1177/1744136605051929|issn=1744-1366}}* {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Ayris|first=Paul|date=1993a|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=God's Vicegerent and Christ's Vicar: the Relationship between the Crown and the Archbishopric of Canterbury, 1533–53|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Ayris|first=Paul|date=1993b|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Canon Law Studies|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite journal|last1=Ayris|first1=Paul|year=2001|title=The Correspondence of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, and his English Audience 1533-54|journal=Reformation & Renaissance Review|volume=3|issue=1|pages=9–33|doi=10.1558/rrr.v0i3.9|issn=1462-2459|s2cid=170741842}}* {{cite journal|last1=Ayris|first1=Paul|year=2002|title=The Public Career of Thomas Cranmer|journal=Reformation & Renaissance Review|volume=4|issue=1|pages=75–125|doi=10.1558/rrr.v0i4.75|issn=1462-2459|s2cid=145396417}}* {{cite book|title=The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2004|isbn=0-521-77662-7|editor-last=Bagchi|editor-first=David V. N.|place=Cambridge|editor2-last=Steinmetz|editor2-first=David Curtis}} * {{cite book|title=The King's Reformation: Henry VIII and the Remaking of the English Church|last=Bernard|first=G. W.|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|year=2005|isbn=0-300-12271-3|place=London}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ahistorynotting00browgoog|title=A History of Nottinghamshire|last=Brown|first=Cornelius|publisher=E. Stock|year=1891|chapter=Ch VIII|author-link=Cornelius Brown}} * {{cite journal|last=Coleman-Norton|first=P. R.|year=1929|title=The Correspondence of S. John Chrysostom (With Special Reference to His Epistles to Pope S. Innocent I)|journal=Classical Philology|volume=24|page=279|doi=10.1086/361140|number=3|s2cid=162281389}}* {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Dowling|first=Maria|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer as Humanist Reformer|author-link=Maria Dowling|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Hall|first=Basil|date=1993a|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer's Relations with Erasmianism and Lutheranism|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Hall|first=Basil|date=1993b|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer, the Eucharist, and the Foreign Divines in the Reign of Edward VI|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Heinze|first=Rudolph W.|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution='I pray God to grant that I may endure to the end': A New Look at the Martyrdom of Thomas Cranmer|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite journal|last=Hirst|first=Rev E, (Vicar of St. Paul’s Stockport)|date=1934|title=Archbishop Cranmer|url=http://archive.churchsociety.org/churchman/documents/cman_048_2_hirst.pdf|journal=Churchman Journal|volume=48|issue=2|page=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107054309/http://archive.churchsociety.org/churchman/documents/cman_048_2_hirst.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2018|access-date=7 November 2018|url-status=live}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/acompletecollec14jardgoog|title=A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors from the Earliest Period to the Year 1783|publisher=T. C. Hansard|year=1816|editor-last=Howell|editor-first=Thomas Bayly|place=London|oclc=3815652}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Loades|first=David|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Thomas Cranmer and John Dudley: An Uneasy Alliance, 1549–1553|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Intrigue and Treason: The Tudor Court, 1547–1558|last=Loades|first=David M.|publisher=Pearson Longman|year=2004|isbn=0-582-77226-5|place=Harlow, England}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerlif0000macc|title=Thomas Cranmer: A Life|last=MacCulloch|first=Diarmaid|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|year=1996|isbn=0-300-06688-0|place=London|author-link=Diarmaid MacCulloch|url-access=registration}} *{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N3TADAAAQBAJ|title=All Things Made New: The Reformation and Its Legacy|last=MacCulloch|first=Diarmaid|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-19-061682-3|authorlink=Diarmaid MacCulloch}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7S_DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA397|title=Heretics and Believers: A History of the English Reformation|last=Marshall|first=Peter|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2017|isbn=978-0-300-17062-7}} * {{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Matthew|editor-first=H. C. G.|editor2-last=Harrison|editor2-first=Brian Howard|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|date=2004|place=Oxford|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|oclc=56568095}} * {{cite book|title=Interfaces in Language|last=Mills|first=Jon|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|year=2010|isbn=978-1-4438-2433-0|editor-last=Partridge|editor-first=John|chapter=Genocide and Ethnocide: The Suppression of the Cornish Language|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xF4nBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA189}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer's Doctrine of Repentance: Renewing the Power to Love|last=Null|first=Ashley|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2006|isbn=0-19-827021-6|place=Oxford}} * {{cite book|title=Italian reform and English Reformations, c.1535-c.1585|last=Overell|first=Anne|publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]]|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7546-5579-4|place=Farnham, Surrey, UK}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/anapologyfordoc00socigoog|title=An Apology for the Doctrine of Apostolical Succession: With an Appendix, on the English Orders.|last=Perceval|first=Arthur Philip|date=1841|publisher=Rivington|edition=second|location=London|author-link=Arthur Philip Perceval}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmer0000ridl|title=Thomas Cranmer|last=Ridley|first=Jasper|publisher=[[Clarendon Press]]|year=1962|place=Oxford|oclc=398369|author-link=Jasper Ridley|url-access=registration}} * {{cite book|title=The Establishment of Modern English Prose in the Reformation and the Enlightenment|last=Robinson|first=Ian|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1998|isbn=0-521-48088-4|place=Cambridge}} * {{cite book|title=The Rise & Fall of Thomas Cromwell|last=Schofield|first=John|publisher=The History Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7524-4604-2|place=Stroud, England}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Selwyn|first=D. G.|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer's Library|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Spinks|first=Bryan D.|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|chapter=Treasures Old and New: A Look at Some of Thomas Cranmer's Methods of Liturgical Compilation|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Stevenson|first=Kenneth W.|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer's Marriage Vow: Its Place in the Tradition|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Historical and Biographical Works: Memorials of Thomas Cranmer|last=Strype|first=John|date=1840|chapter=Chapter 28|orig-year=1544|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cJVIAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA181}} {{BD|1489|1556}} [[Jamii:Maaskofu]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini]] [[Jamii:Waanglikana]] 4ell3bmi9fwrbmnxlsossgk9xio5up8 1241404 1241378 2022-08-09T07:38:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Thomas Cranmer by Gerlach Flicke.jpg|thumb|Thomas Cranmer]] '''Thomas Cranmer''' (2 Julai [[1489]] – 21 Machi [[1556]]) alikuwa [[Askofu Mkuu wa Canterbury]] na [[kiongozi]] wa [[Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti|Matengenezo]] ya [[Kanisa]] la [[Uingereza]] enzi za [[Mfalme|wafalme]] [[Henry VIII]], [[Edward VI wa Uingereza|Edward VI]] na [[malkia]] [[Mary I wa Uingereza|Mary I]]. Alisaidia kujenga kesi ya kubatilishwa kwa [[Ndoa (sakramenti)|ndoa]] ya Henry VIII na [[Katarina wa Aragon]]. [[Talaka]] hiyo ilikuwa mojawapo ya sababu za kutengana kwa [[Jumuiya Anglikana|Kanisa la Uingereza]] na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] chini ya [[Papa]] wa [[Roma]]. Pamoja na [[Thomas Cromwell]] aliunga mkono kanuni ya ukuu wa kifalme. Hapo alikubali [[mamlaka]] ya mfalme juu ya [[Kanisa]] ndani ya [[Dola|milki]] yake. Aliuawa chini ya malkia Mary alipokataa kurudi katika Ukatoliki. == Mtengenezaji wa Kanisa la Uingereza == Wakati wa [[uongozi]] wake kama Askofu Mkuu wa Canterbury Cranmer alianzisha mabadiliko katika mafundisho na [[liturgia]] ya Kanisa la Uingereza. Wakati wa utawala wa mfalme Henry VIII, Cranmer hakufanya mabadiliko mengi. Alitunga utaratibu wa [[ibada]] ya kwanza uliotafsiriwa kwa [[lugha]] ya [[Kiingereza]] badala ya [[Kilatini]]. Chini ya mfalme Edward VI, aliyemfuata Henry VIII, Cranmer aliweza kuleta mabadiliko mengi zaidi. Alitunga matoleo mawili ya kwanza ya Kitabu cha Sala kwa Watu ([[Book of Common Prayer]]) chenye liturgia kamili kwa ajili ya Kanisa la Uingereza. Alipokea wanamatengenezo kadhaa kutoka [[Ulaya Bara]] waliofika kama [[Mkimbizi|wakimbizi]] kutoka maeneo chini ya [[serikali]] za Kikatoliki. Walimsaidia kubadilisha mafundisho kuhusu mambo kama vile [[ekaristi]], [[useja]] wa [[kasisi|makasisi]], nafasi ya [[sanamu]] makanisani na [[heshima]] kwa [[watakatifu]]. Cranmer alieneza mafundisho mapya, pamoja na Kitabu cha sala, kwa vitabu viwili vya mahubiri ([[hotuba]]) yaliyotakiwa kusomwa na mapadre katika ibada makanisani. == Kifo chini ya Malkia Mary == Baada ya Edward VI, malkia Mary I alichukua [[madaraka]]; alikuwa Mkatoliki akalenga kurudisha nchi chini ya Kanisa Katoliki. Aliagiza kumkamata Cranmer na kumshtaki kwa [[uhaini]] na [[uzushi]]. Alipelekwa mbele ya [[mahakama]] ya mahakimu Wakatoliki pamoja na wasaidizi wawili. Wote walihukumiwa [[adhabu ya kifo]] cha kuchomwa hai [[moto|motoni]] ambayo ilikuwa adhabu ya wazushi. Katika miaka miwili alipokaa [[gereza|gerezani]], Cranmer alipaswa kushuhudia kuchomwa kwa wenzake. Baadaye alijaribu kuokoa [[uhai]] wake kwa kukana mafundisho yake ya awali. Kwa kawaida angesamehewa baada ya kukana, lakini malkia Mary I hakutaka kumsamehe bali auawe. [[Siku]] ya [[hukumu]] yake aliambiwa kusoma tena ukanisho wake kanisani mbele ya watu kabla ya kufa. Cranmer alitumia nafasi hiyo kuonyesha masikitiko juu ya udhaifu wake akamtaja Papa kama mwongo na [[adui]] wa [[Yesu|Kristo]]. Hivyo alichomwa akafa kama mzushi kwa Wakatoliki na [[mfiadini|mfia imani]] kwa Kanisa [[Waanglikana|Anglikana]] lililoendelea baadaye kwenye misingi aliyowahi kuweka. [[Urithi]] wake unaendelea katika Kitabu cha Sala kwa Watu Wote na [[Hoja Thelathini na Tisa]] ambayo ni [[Kanuni ya Imani|ungamo la imani]] ya Kianglikana linalotokana na kazi yake. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Vyanzo == * {{cite journal|last1=Avis|first1=Paul|year=2005|title=The Revision of the Ordinal in the Church of England 1550–2005|journal=Ecclesiology|volume=1|issue=2|pages=95–110|doi=10.1177/1744136605051929|issn=1744-1366}}* {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Ayris|first=Paul|date=1993a|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=God's Vicegerent and Christ's Vicar: the Relationship between the Crown and the Archbishopric of Canterbury, 1533–53|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Ayris|first=Paul|date=1993b|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Canon Law Studies|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite journal|last1=Ayris|first1=Paul|year=2001|title=The Correspondence of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, and his English Audience 1533-54|journal=Reformation & Renaissance Review|volume=3|issue=1|pages=9–33|doi=10.1558/rrr.v0i3.9|issn=1462-2459|s2cid=170741842}}* {{cite journal|last1=Ayris|first1=Paul|year=2002|title=The Public Career of Thomas Cranmer|journal=Reformation & Renaissance Review|volume=4|issue=1|pages=75–125|doi=10.1558/rrr.v0i4.75|issn=1462-2459|s2cid=145396417}}* {{cite book|title=The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2004|isbn=0-521-77662-7|editor-last=Bagchi|editor-first=David V. N.|place=Cambridge|editor2-last=Steinmetz|editor2-first=David Curtis}} * {{cite book|title=The King's Reformation: Henry VIII and the Remaking of the English Church|last=Bernard|first=G. W.|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|year=2005|isbn=0-300-12271-3|place=London}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ahistorynotting00browgoog|title=A History of Nottinghamshire|last=Brown|first=Cornelius|publisher=E. Stock|year=1891|chapter=Ch VIII|author-link=Cornelius Brown}} * {{cite journal|last=Coleman-Norton|first=P. R.|year=1929|title=The Correspondence of S. John Chrysostom (With Special Reference to His Epistles to Pope S. Innocent I)|journal=Classical Philology|volume=24|page=279|doi=10.1086/361140|number=3|s2cid=162281389}}* {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Dowling|first=Maria|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer as Humanist Reformer|author-link=Maria Dowling|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Hall|first=Basil|date=1993a|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer's Relations with Erasmianism and Lutheranism|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Hall|first=Basil|date=1993b|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer, the Eucharist, and the Foreign Divines in the Reign of Edward VI|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Heinze|first=Rudolph W.|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution='I pray God to grant that I may endure to the end': A New Look at the Martyrdom of Thomas Cranmer|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite journal|last=Hirst|first=Rev E, (Vicar of St. Paul’s Stockport)|date=1934|title=Archbishop Cranmer|url=http://archive.churchsociety.org/churchman/documents/cman_048_2_hirst.pdf|journal=Churchman Journal|volume=48|issue=2|page=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107054309/http://archive.churchsociety.org/churchman/documents/cman_048_2_hirst.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2018|access-date=7 November 2018|url-status=live}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/acompletecollec14jardgoog|title=A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors from the Earliest Period to the Year 1783|publisher=T. C. Hansard|year=1816|editor-last=Howell|editor-first=Thomas Bayly|place=London|oclc=3815652}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Loades|first=David|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Thomas Cranmer and John Dudley: An Uneasy Alliance, 1549–1553|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Intrigue and Treason: The Tudor Court, 1547–1558|last=Loades|first=David M.|publisher=Pearson Longman|year=2004|isbn=0-582-77226-5|place=Harlow, England}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerlif0000macc|title=Thomas Cranmer: A Life|last=MacCulloch|first=Diarmaid|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|year=1996|isbn=0-300-06688-0|place=London|author-link=Diarmaid MacCulloch|url-access=registration}} *{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N3TADAAAQBAJ|title=All Things Made New: The Reformation and Its Legacy|last=MacCulloch|first=Diarmaid|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-19-061682-3|authorlink=Diarmaid MacCulloch}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7S_DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA397|title=Heretics and Believers: A History of the English Reformation|last=Marshall|first=Peter|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2017|isbn=978-0-300-17062-7}} * {{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Matthew|editor-first=H. C. G.|editor2-last=Harrison|editor2-first=Brian Howard|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|date=2004|place=Oxford|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|oclc=56568095}} * {{cite book|title=Interfaces in Language|last=Mills|first=Jon|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|year=2010|isbn=978-1-4438-2433-0|editor-last=Partridge|editor-first=John|chapter=Genocide and Ethnocide: The Suppression of the Cornish Language|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xF4nBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA189}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer's Doctrine of Repentance: Renewing the Power to Love|last=Null|first=Ashley|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2006|isbn=0-19-827021-6|place=Oxford}} * {{cite book|title=Italian reform and English Reformations, c.1535-c.1585|last=Overell|first=Anne|publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]]|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7546-5579-4|place=Farnham, Surrey, UK}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/anapologyfordoc00socigoog|title=An Apology for the Doctrine of Apostolical Succession: With an Appendix, on the English Orders.|last=Perceval|first=Arthur Philip|date=1841|publisher=Rivington|edition=second|location=London|author-link=Arthur Philip Perceval}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmer0000ridl|title=Thomas Cranmer|last=Ridley|first=Jasper|publisher=[[Clarendon Press]]|year=1962|place=Oxford|oclc=398369|author-link=Jasper Ridley|url-access=registration}} * {{cite book|title=The Establishment of Modern English Prose in the Reformation and the Enlightenment|last=Robinson|first=Ian|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1998|isbn=0-521-48088-4|place=Cambridge}} * {{cite book|title=The Rise & Fall of Thomas Cromwell|last=Schofield|first=John|publisher=The History Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7524-4604-2|place=Stroud, England}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Selwyn|first=D. G.|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer's Library|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Spinks|first=Bryan D.|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|chapter=Treasures Old and New: A Look at Some of Thomas Cranmer's Methods of Liturgical Compilation|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|last=Stevenson|first=Kenneth W.|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer's Marriage Vow: Its Place in the Tradition|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Historical and Biographical Works: Memorials of Thomas Cranmer|last=Strype|first=John|date=1840|chapter=Chapter 28|orig-year=1544|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cJVIAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA181}} {{BD|1489|1556}} [[Jamii:Maaskofu]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini]] [[Jamii:Waanglikana]] 6d1ws9yjnfjltkgihzgu9fcblhnt1ez World Tofauti 0 155993 1241150 2022-08-08T15:30:47Z Kamara2109 55365 chapisho jipya wikitext text/x-wiki '''''World Tofauti''''' (Ulimwengu Tofauti) ni filamu ya Kikenya yenye [[maudhui]] ya [[mapenzi]] iliyo ongozwa na [[Kang'ethe Mungai]]. wahusika wakuu katika [[filamu]] iyo walikuwa ni Avril Nyambura na Innocent Njuguna pia Maureen Njau kama muhusika msaidizi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ACTSCENE: Avril is a hustler in the movie ‘World Tofauti’|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/buzz/actscene-avril-is-a-hustler-in-the-movie-world-tofauti--485770|work=Nation|date=2020-07-05|accessdate=2022-08-08|language=en}}</ref> == Kisa cha filamu == [[Avril Nyambura]] aliye igiza kama (Nina) ni [[mwanamke]] aliyezaliwa na kukua katika makazi duni jijini [[Nairobi]]. Anakutana na [[Innocent Mungai]] aliye igiza kama (Hinga) [[Mwanaume|mwanamume]] aliyetoka katika malezi bora pia akiwa na [[kazi]] nzuri, ambaye amekwama kwasababu ya [[tairi]] la [[Motokaa|gari]] kupasuka karibu na [[Uwanja wa ndege wa Kimataifa wa Jomo Kenyatta|Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Jomo Kenyatta]], Nina na genge lake wanamwibia Hinga vitu vyake vyote vya thamani. Kwa hali isiyo ya kawaida wawili hao wanazama katika penzi, wakati huo Hinga amemchumbia Maureen Njau aliye igiza kama (Ciru), ni mwenye nia ya kuongoza wanawake wenye [[historia]] sawa ya nyuma kijamii. Hinga anamsaidia Nina kufuatilia vitu vyake vya thamani na pia kukwepa [[mamlaka]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=actors.co.ke|url=http://actors.co.ke/en/mer/articledetail/792|work=actors.co.ke|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> == Wahusika == * Avril Nyambura kama Nina, mwanamke aliye kulia katika mitaa duni jijini [[Nairobi|Nairobi,]] na kuishi maisha ya uhalifu. * Innocent Njuguna kama Hinga, [[mfanyabiashara]] mwenye mafanikio jijini [[Nairobi]] * Maureen Njau kama Ciru, mchumba wa Hinga anayedai na kudhibiti. == Kutolewa == ''World Tofauti'' ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika [[Ukumbi wa Kitaifa wa Kenya jijini Nairobi,]] Tarehe 22 Desemba 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Tofauti (@world_tofauti) on Instagram {{!}} Ghostarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/world_tofauti/1662910746026006965|work=ghostarchive.org|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> == Marejeo == 6qqltrcaipqxdsh8chdyrf30m19hwu1 1241151 1241150 2022-08-08T15:34:41Z Kamara2109 55365 /* Kisa cha filamu */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''''World Tofauti''''' (Ulimwengu Tofauti) ni filamu ya Kikenya yenye [[maudhui]] ya [[mapenzi]] iliyo ongozwa na [[Kang'ethe Mungai]]. wahusika wakuu katika [[filamu]] iyo walikuwa ni Avril Nyambura na Innocent Njuguna pia Maureen Njau kama muhusika msaidizi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ACTSCENE: Avril is a hustler in the movie ‘World Tofauti’|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/buzz/actscene-avril-is-a-hustler-in-the-movie-world-tofauti--485770|work=Nation|date=2020-07-05|accessdate=2022-08-08|language=en}}</ref> == Kisa cha filamu == [[Avril Nyambura]] aliye igiza kama (Nina) ni [[mwanamke]] aliyezaliwa na kukua katika makazi duni jijini [[Nairobi]]. Anakutana na [[Innocent Mungai]] aliye igiza kama (Hinga) [[Mwanaume|mwanamume]] aliyetoka katika malezi bora pia akiwa na [[kazi]] nzuri, ambaye amekwama kwasababu ya [[tairi]] la [[Motokaa|gari]] kupasuka karibu na [[Uwanja wa ndege wa Kimataifa wa Jomo Kenyatta|Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Jomo Kenyatta]], Nina na genge lake wanamwibia Hinga vitu vyake vyote vya thamani. Kwa hali isiyo ya kawaida wawili hao wanazama katika penzi, wakati huo Hinga amemchumbia Maureen Njau aliye igiza kama (Ciru), ni mwenye nia ya kuongoza wanawake wenye [[historia]] sawa ya nyuma kijamii. Hinga anamsaidia Nina kufuatilia vitu vyake vya thamani na pia kukwepa [[mamlaka]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=actors.co.ke|url=http://actors.co.ke/en/mer/articledetail/792|work=actors.co.ke|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> == Wahusika == * Avril Nyambura kama Nina, mwanamke aliye kulia katika mitaa duni jijini [[Nairobi|Nairobi,]] na kuishi maisha ya uhalifu. * Innocent Njuguna kama Hinga, [[mfanyabiashara]] mwenye mafanikio jijini [[Nairobi]] * Maureen Njau kama Ciru, mchumba wa Hinga anayedai na kudhibiti. == Kutolewa == ''World Tofauti'' ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika [[Ukumbi wa Kitaifa wa Kenya jijini Nairobi,]] Tarehe 22 Desemba 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Tofauti (@world_tofauti) on Instagram {{!}} Ghostarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/world_tofauti/1662910746026006965|work=ghostarchive.org|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Filamu ya kikenya]] [[Jamii:Filamu ya mapenzi]] qqn907whr1d1m9tvu0pluflch1781w2 1241356 1241151 2022-08-09T07:13:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''''World Tofauti''''' (Ulimwengu Tofauti) ni filamu ya Kikenya yenye [[maudhui]] ya [[mapenzi]] iliyo ongozwa na [[Kang'ethe Mungai]]. wahusika wakuu katika [[filamu]] iyo walikuwa ni Avril Nyambura na Innocent Njuguna pia Maureen Njau kama muhusika msaidizi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ACTSCENE: Avril is a hustler in the movie ‘World Tofauti’|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/buzz/actscene-avril-is-a-hustler-in-the-movie-world-tofauti--485770|work=Nation|date=2020-07-05|accessdate=2022-08-08|language=en}}</ref> == Kisa cha filamu == [[Avril Nyambura]] aliye igiza kama (Nina) ni [[mwanamke]] aliyezaliwa na kukua katika makazi duni jijini [[Nairobi]]. Anakutana na [[Innocent Mungai]] aliye igiza kama (Hinga) [[Mwanaume|mwanamume]] aliyetoka katika malezi bora pia akiwa na [[kazi]] nzuri, ambaye amekwama kwasababu ya [[tairi]] la [[Motokaa|gari]] kupasuka karibu na [[Uwanja wa ndege wa Kimataifa wa Jomo Kenyatta|Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Jomo Kenyatta]], Nina na genge lake wanamwibia Hinga vitu vyake vyote vya thamani. Kwa hali isiyo ya kawaida wawili hao wanazama katika penzi, wakati huo Hinga amemchumbia Maureen Njau aliye igiza kama (Ciru), ni mwenye nia ya kuongoza wanawake wenye [[historia]] sawa ya nyuma kijamii. Hinga anamsaidia Nina kufuatilia vitu vyake vya thamani na pia kukwepa [[mamlaka]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=actors.co.ke|url=http://actors.co.ke/en/mer/articledetail/792|work=actors.co.ke|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> == Wahusika == * Avril Nyambura kama Nina, mwanamke aliye kulia katika mitaa duni jijini [[Nairobi|Nairobi,]] na kuishi maisha ya uhalifu. * Innocent Njuguna kama Hinga, [[mfanyabiashara]] mwenye mafanikio jijini [[Nairobi]] * Maureen Njau kama Ciru, mchumba wa Hinga anayedai na kudhibiti. == Kutolewa == ''World Tofauti'' ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika [[Ukumbi wa Kitaifa wa Kenya jijini Nairobi,]] Tarehe 22 Desemba 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Tofauti (@world_tofauti) on Instagram {{!}} Ghostarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/world_tofauti/1662910746026006965|work=ghostarchive.org|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Filamu za Kenya]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2017]] rirbjocakzw27pvsuz38oepr9w8timh Mary I wa Uingereza 0 155994 1241155 2022-08-08T16:26:49Z Kipala 107 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1100245936|Mary I of England]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary I''' (18 Februari [[1516]] - 17 Novemba [[1558]]), pia anajulikana kama '''Mary Tudor''', na kama " '''Bloody''' '''Mary''' ", alikuwa Malkia wa Uingereza na Ireland kutoka Julai 1553 hadi kifo chake mwaka wa 1558. Anajulikana kwa jaribio lake la kubadili Matengenezo ya Kiingereza ambayo yalikuwa yameanza wakati wa utawala wa baba yake, Henry VIII na kurudisha nchi chini ya Kanisa Katoliki. Jaribio lake la kurejesha kwa Kanisa mali iliyotwaliwa chini ya wafalme wawili waliopita lilizuiwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na Bunge la Uingereza. Lakini wakati wa utawala wake wa miaka mitano, Mary aliagiza kesi dhidi ya wapinzani wa Ukatoliki zaidi ya 280 waliochomwa motoni wakiwa hai kama wazushi. Mary alikuwa mtoto pekee wa Henry VIII na mke wake wa kwanza, Catherine wa Aragon, aliyeishi hadi kuwa mtu mzima. Baada ya kifo cha Mary kwenye mwaka- 1558, hatua zake za kurudisha Ukatoliki katika Uingereza zilibatilshwa na dadake mdogo wa kambo na mrithi, [[Elizabeth I wa Uingereza|Elizabeth I]] . l1xxv20i6v7obu9mw5ohdy2ktb9vg8a 1241157 1241155 2022-08-08T16:39:26Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:Faili:Anthonis Mor 001.jpg|Malkia May I]] '''Mary I''' (18 Februari [[1516]] - 17 Novemba [[1558]]), pia anajulikana kama '''Mary Tudor''', na kama " '''Bloody''' '''Mary''' ", alikuwa Malkia wa Uingereza na Ireland kutoka Julai 1553 hadi kifo chake mwaka wa 1558. Anajulikana kwa jaribio lake la kubadili Matengenezo ya Kiingereza ambayo yalikuwa yameanza wakati wa utawala wa baba yake, Henry VIII na kurudisha nchi chini ya Kanisa Katoliki. Jaribio lake la kurejesha kwa Kanisa mali iliyotwaliwa chini ya wafalme wawili waliopita lilizuiwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na Bunge la Uingereza. Lakini wakati wa utawala wake wa miaka mitano, Mary aliagiza kesi dhidi ya wapinzani wa Ukatoliki zaidi ya 280 waliochomwa motoni wakiwa hai kama wazushi. Mary alikuwa mtoto pekee wa Henry VIII na mke wake wa kwanza, Catherine wa Aragon, aliyeishi hadi kuwa mtu mzima. Baada ya kifo cha Mary kwenye mwaka- 1558, hatua zake za kurudisha Ukatoliki katika Uingereza zilibatilshwa na dadake mdogo wa kambo na mrithi, [[Elizabeth I wa Uingereza|Elizabeth I]] . == Vyanzo == {{Commons|Mary I of England}}{{Wikiquote}} * {{Cite DNB|wstitle=Mary I (1516-1558)}} * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Mary I., Queen}} * {{Cite web|title=Mary I (1516–1558)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/mary_i_queen.shtml|publisher=BBC}} [[:Jamii:Wafalme na malkia wa Uingereza]] 3po9939dhn4egssqw7w3r0czdnvniyj 1241158 1241157 2022-08-08T16:40:13Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Anthonis Mor 001.jpg|thumb|Malkia May I]] '''Mary I''' (18 Februari [[1516]] - 17 Novemba [[1558]]), pia anajulikana kama '''Mary Tudor''', na kama " '''Bloody''' '''Mary''' ", alikuwa Malkia wa Uingereza na Ireland kutoka Julai 1553 hadi kifo chake mwaka wa 1558. Anajulikana kwa jaribio lake la kubadili Matengenezo ya Kiingereza ambayo yalikuwa yameanza wakati wa utawala wa baba yake, Henry VIII na kurudisha nchi chini ya Kanisa Katoliki. Jaribio lake la kurejesha kwa Kanisa mali iliyotwaliwa chini ya wafalme wawili waliopita lilizuiwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na Bunge la Uingereza. Lakini wakati wa utawala wake wa miaka mitano, Mary aliagiza kesi dhidi ya wapinzani wa Ukatoliki zaidi ya 280 waliochomwa motoni wakiwa hai kama wazushi. Mary alikuwa mtoto pekee wa Henry VIII na mke wake wa kwanza, Catherine wa Aragon, aliyeishi hadi kuwa mtu mzima. Baada ya kifo cha Mary kwenye mwaka- 1558, hatua zake za kurudisha Ukatoliki katika Uingereza zilibatilshwa na dadake mdogo wa kambo na mrithi, [[Elizabeth I wa Uingereza|Elizabeth I]] . == Vyanzo == {{Commons|Mary I of England}}{{Wikiquote}} * {{Cite DNB|wstitle=Mary I (1516-1558)}} * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Mary I., Queen}} * {{Cite web|title=Mary I (1516–1558)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/mary_i_queen.shtml|publisher=BBC}} [[:Jamii:Wafalme na malkia wa Uingereza]] ld77pkv0toefhr23doatb5hnslrjrbr 1241159 1241158 2022-08-08T16:40:36Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Anthonis Mor 001.jpg|thumb|Malkia Mary I]] '''Mary I''' (18 Februari [[1516]] - 17 Novemba [[1558]]), pia anajulikana kama '''Mary Tudor''', na kama " '''Bloody''' '''Mary''' ", alikuwa Malkia wa Uingereza na Ireland kutoka Julai 1553 hadi kifo chake mwaka wa 1558. Anajulikana kwa jaribio lake la kubadili Matengenezo ya Kiingereza ambayo yalikuwa yameanza wakati wa utawala wa baba yake, Henry VIII na kurudisha nchi chini ya Kanisa Katoliki. Jaribio lake la kurejesha kwa Kanisa mali iliyotwaliwa chini ya wafalme wawili waliopita lilizuiwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na Bunge la Uingereza. Lakini wakati wa utawala wake wa miaka mitano, Mary aliagiza kesi dhidi ya wapinzani wa Ukatoliki zaidi ya 280 waliochomwa motoni wakiwa hai kama wazushi. Mary alikuwa mtoto pekee wa Henry VIII na mke wake wa kwanza, Catherine wa Aragon, aliyeishi hadi kuwa mtu mzima. Baada ya kifo cha Mary kwenye mwaka- 1558, hatua zake za kurudisha Ukatoliki katika Uingereza zilibatilshwa na dadake mdogo wa kambo na mrithi, [[Elizabeth I wa Uingereza|Elizabeth I]] . == Vyanzo == {{Commons|Mary I of England}}{{Wikiquote}} * {{Cite DNB|wstitle=Mary I (1516-1558)}} * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Mary I., Queen}} * {{Cite web|title=Mary I (1516–1558)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/mary_i_queen.shtml|publisher=BBC}} [[:Jamii:Wafalme na malkia wa Uingereza]] sx0jpwz44rw93q3mk7y3m5rfcgp2c8t 1241160 1241159 2022-08-08T16:48:17Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Anthonis Mor 001.jpg|thumb|Malkia Mary I]] '''Mary I''' (18 Februari [[1516]] - 17 Novemba [[1558]]), pia anajulikana kama '''Mary Tudor''', na kama " '''Bloody''' '''Mary''' ", alikuwa [[Malkia]] wa [[Uingereza]] na Ireland kutoka Julai [[1553]] hadi kifo chake mwaka wa 1558. Anajulikana kwa jaribio lake la kubadili Matengenezo ya Kiingereza ambayo yalikuwa yameanza wakati wa utawala wa baba yake, [[Henry VIII|Henry VII]]I na kurudisha nchi chini ya [[Kanisa Katoliki]]. Jaribio lake la kurejesha kwa kanisa mali iliyotwaliwa chini ya wafalme wawili waliopita lilizuiwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na [[Bunge la Uingereza]]. Lakini wakati wa utawala wake wa miaka mitano, Mary aliagiza kesi dhidi ya wapinzani wa Ukatoliki zaidi ya 280 waliochomwa motoni wakiwa hai kama wazushi. Mary alikuwa mtoto pekee wa Henry VIII na mke wake wa kwanza, [[Catherine wa Aragon]], aliyeishi hadi kuwa mtu mzima. Alirithi ufalme kutoka kaka mdogo Edward baada ya kifo chake. Baada ya kifo cha Mary kwenye mwaka- 1558, hatua zake za kurudisha Ukatoliki katika Uingereza zilibatilshwa na dadake mdogo wa kambo na mrithi, [[Elizabeth I wa Uingereza|Elizabeth I]] . == Vyanzo == {{Commons|Mary I of England}}{{Wikiquote}} * {{Cite DNB|wstitle=Mary I (1516-1558)}} * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Mary I., Queen}} * {{Cite web|title=Mary I (1516–1558)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/mary_i_queen.shtml|publisher=BBC}} [[:Jamii:Wafalme na malkia wa Uingereza]] efsa622gybz2yd66z6ti7c2msx9tymc 1241395 1241160 2022-08-09T07:36:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Anthonis Mor 001.jpg|thumb|Malkia Mary I.]] '''Mary I wa Uingereza''' (pia anajulikana kama '''Mary Tudor''' na kama "'''Bloody Mary'''"; 18 Februari [[1516]] - 17 Novemba [[1558]]) alikuwa [[Malkia]] wa [[Uingereza]] na [[Ireland]] kutoka Julai [[1553]] hadi [[Mauti|kifo]] chake [[mwaka]] wa [[1558]]. Anajulikana hasa kwa jaribio lake la kubadili [[Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti|Matengenezo ya]] [[Jumuiya Anglikana|Kiingereza]] ambayo yalikuwa yameanza wakati wa [[utawala]] wa [[baba]] yake, [[Henry VIII]] na kurudisha nchi chini ya [[Kanisa Katoliki]]. Jaribio lake la kurejesha kwa [[Kanisa]] [[mali]] iliyotwaliwa na [[Mfalme|wafalme]] wawili waliopita lilizuiwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na [[Bunge la Uingereza]]. Lakini wakati wa utawala wake wa miaka mitano, Mary aliagiza [[kesi]] dhidi ya wapinzani wa Ukatoliki zaidi ya 280 waliochomwa [[moto|motoni]] wakiwa hai kama [[uzushi|wazushi]]. Mary alikuwa [[mtoto]] pekee wa Henry VIII na [[mke]] wake wa kwanza, [[Catherine wa Aragon]], aliyeishi hadi kuwa [[Watu wazima|mtu mzima]]. Alirithi ufalme kutoka [[ndugu]] yake mdogo Edward baada ya kifo chake. Baada ya kifo cha Mary kwenye mwaka 1558, hatua zake za kurudisha Ukatoliki katika Uingereza zilibatilshwa na mdogo wake na [[mrithi]], [[Elizabeth I wa Uingereza|Elizabeth I]], aliyezaliwa na Henry VIII na mke wake wa pili, [[Anne Boleyn]]. == Vyanzo == {{Commons|Mary I of England}}{{Wikiquote}} * {{Cite DNB|wstitle=Mary I (1516-1558)}} * {{Cite web|title=Mary I (1516–1558)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/mary_i_queen.shtml|publisher=BBC}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1516|1558}} [[Jamii:Wafalme na malkia wa Uingereza]] legxd0ub1s3aq9ex20gbyhnxipo376x 1241405 1241395 2022-08-09T07:39:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Anthonis Mor 001.jpg|thumb|Malkia Mary I.]] '''Mary I wa Uingereza''' (pia anajulikana kama '''Mary Tudor''' na kama "'''Bloody Mary'''"; 18 Februari [[1516]] - 17 Novemba [[1558]]) alikuwa [[Malkia]] wa [[Uingereza]] na [[Ireland]] kutoka Julai [[1553]] hadi [[Mauti|kifo]] chake [[mwaka]] wa [[1558]]. Anajulikana hasa kwa jaribio lake la kubadili [[Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti|Matengenezo ya]] [[Jumuiya Anglikana|Kiingereza]] ambayo yalikuwa yameanza wakati wa [[utawala]] wa [[baba]] yake, [[Henry VIII]] na kurudisha nchi chini ya [[Kanisa Katoliki]]. Jaribio lake la kurejesha kwa [[Kanisa]] [[mali]] iliyotwaliwa na [[Mfalme|wafalme]] wawili waliopita lilizuiwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na [[Bunge la Uingereza]]. Lakini wakati wa utawala wake wa miaka mitano, Mary aliagiza [[kesi]] dhidi ya wapinzani wa Ukatoliki zaidi ya 280 waliochomwa [[moto|motoni]] wakiwa hai kama [[uzushi|wazushi]]. Mary alikuwa [[mtoto]] wa Henry VIII na [[mke]] wake wa kwanza, [[Katarina wa Aragon]], ambaye peke yake aliyeishi hadi kuwa [[Watu wazima|mtu mzima]]. Alirithi ufalme kutoka [[ndugu]] yake mdogo Edward baada ya kifo chake. Baada ya kifo cha Mary kwenye mwaka 1558, hatua zake za kurudisha Ukatoliki katika Uingereza zilibatilshwa na mdogo wake na [[mrithi]], [[Elizabeth I wa Uingereza|Elizabeth I]], aliyezaliwa na Henry VIII na mke wake wa pili, [[Anne Boleyn]]. == Vyanzo == {{Commons|Mary I of England}}{{Wikiquote}} * {{Cite DNB|wstitle=Mary I (1516-1558)}} * {{Cite web|title=Mary I (1516–1558)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/mary_i_queen.shtml|publisher=BBC}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1516|1558}} [[Jamii:Wafalme na malkia wa Uingereza]] m3p7yvk8hubqn720cgz0ftbdvec79e2 1241406 1241405 2022-08-09T07:40:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Vyanzo */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Anthonis Mor 001.jpg|thumb|Malkia Mary I.]] '''Mary I wa Uingereza''' (pia anajulikana kama '''Mary Tudor''' na kama "'''Bloody Mary'''"; 18 Februari [[1516]] - 17 Novemba [[1558]]) alikuwa [[Malkia]] wa [[Uingereza]] na [[Ireland]] kutoka Julai [[1553]] hadi [[Mauti|kifo]] chake [[mwaka]] wa [[1558]]. Anajulikana hasa kwa jaribio lake la kubadili [[Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti|Matengenezo ya]] [[Jumuiya Anglikana|Kiingereza]] ambayo yalikuwa yameanza wakati wa [[utawala]] wa [[baba]] yake, [[Henry VIII]] na kurudisha nchi chini ya [[Kanisa Katoliki]]. Jaribio lake la kurejesha kwa [[Kanisa]] [[mali]] iliyotwaliwa na [[Mfalme|wafalme]] wawili waliopita lilizuiwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na [[Bunge la Uingereza]]. Lakini wakati wa utawala wake wa miaka mitano, Mary aliagiza [[kesi]] dhidi ya wapinzani wa Ukatoliki zaidi ya 280 waliochomwa [[moto|motoni]] wakiwa hai kama [[uzushi|wazushi]]. Mary alikuwa [[mtoto]] wa Henry VIII na [[mke]] wake wa kwanza, [[Katarina wa Aragon]], ambaye peke yake aliyeishi hadi kuwa [[Watu wazima|mtu mzima]]. Alirithi ufalme kutoka [[ndugu]] yake mdogo Edward baada ya kifo chake. Baada ya kifo cha Mary kwenye mwaka 1558, hatua zake za kurudisha Ukatoliki katika Uingereza zilibatilshwa na mdogo wake na [[mrithi]], [[Elizabeth I wa Uingereza|Elizabeth I]], aliyezaliwa na Henry VIII na mke wake wa pili, [[Anne Boleyn]]. == Vyanzo == {{Commons|Mary I of England}}{{Wikiquote}} * {{Cite web|title=Mary I (1516–1558)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/mary_i_queen.shtml|publisher=BBC}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1516|1558}} [[Jamii:Wafalme na malkia wa Uingereza]] 9e8drni5sbo568agyo9xb7sv5sszxto Ali Mazrui (filamu) 0 155995 1241156 2022-08-08T16:38:53Z Awadhi Awampo 48284 chapisho jipya wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali''' '''Mazrui;''' Ni filamu [[inayoelezea]] maisha ya [[Mwanasiasa]] Ali Al- amin Mazrui aliyezaliwa mwaka 1933 mwezi wapili tarehe 24 na alifariki mwaka 2014 tarehe 12 Mwezi wakumi.Ali Al-amin Mazrui alizaliwa Mombasa nchini Kenya na baadae kufanya kazi katika [[taasisi]] ya elimu nchini Marekani akiwa Profesa na [[muandishi]] wa masuala ya siasa za Africa , masomo ya Kiislamu pamoja na uhusiano wa Korea ya [[Unguja Kaskazini 'A'|kaskazini]].alishikilia nafasi kama kiongozi [[mkuu]] wa taasisi ya [[kimataifa]] ya masuala ya [[Utamaduni wa Nigeria|utamaduni]] katika chuo cha Binghamton kilichopo Binghamton,New York.<ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Prof-Ali-Mazrui-dies-in-US/-/688334/2484540/-/u900jwz/-/index.html</ref> == marejeo == tvng2zqv1fm4wnzzk14vzhppryh6qa9 1241379 1241156 2022-08-09T07:28:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Ali Mazrui(filamu)]] hadi [[Ali Mazrui (filamu)]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali''' '''Mazrui;''' Ni filamu [[inayoelezea]] maisha ya [[Mwanasiasa]] Ali Al- amin Mazrui aliyezaliwa mwaka 1933 mwezi wapili tarehe 24 na alifariki mwaka 2014 tarehe 12 Mwezi wakumi.Ali Al-amin Mazrui alizaliwa Mombasa nchini Kenya na baadae kufanya kazi katika [[taasisi]] ya elimu nchini Marekani akiwa Profesa na [[muandishi]] wa masuala ya siasa za Africa , masomo ya Kiislamu pamoja na uhusiano wa Korea ya [[Unguja Kaskazini 'A'|kaskazini]].alishikilia nafasi kama kiongozi [[mkuu]] wa taasisi ya [[kimataifa]] ya masuala ya [[Utamaduni wa Nigeria|utamaduni]] katika chuo cha Binghamton kilichopo Binghamton,New York.<ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Prof-Ali-Mazrui-dies-in-US/-/688334/2484540/-/u900jwz/-/index.html</ref> == marejeo == tvng2zqv1fm4wnzzk14vzhppryh6qa9 1241476 1241379 2022-08-09T10:49:55Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali''' '''Mazrui;''' ni [[filamu]] [[inayoelezea]] maisha ya [[Mwanasiasa]] Ali Al- amin Mazrui aliyezaliwa mwaka 1933 mwezi wapili tarehe 24 na alifariki mwaka 2014 tarehe 12 Mwezi wakumi.Ali Al-amin Mazrui alizaliwa Mombasa nchini Kenya na baadae kufanya kazi katika [[taasisi]] ya elimu nchini Marekani akiwa Profesa na [[muandishi]] wa masuala ya siasa za Africa , masomo ya Kiislamu pamoja na uhusiano wa Korea ya [[Unguja Kaskazini 'A'|kaskazini]].alishikilia nafasi kama kiongozi [[mkuu]] wa taasisi ya [[kimataifa]] ya masuala ya [[Utamaduni wa Nigeria|utamaduni]] katika chuo cha Binghamton kilichopo Binghamton,New York.<ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Prof-Ali-Mazrui-dies-in-US/-/688334/2484540/-/u900jwz/-/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu]] sy511o0jzir0cysk548unjzubqle0zy Stories of Our Lives 0 155996 1241161 2022-08-08T16:56:18Z Awadhi Awampo 48284 chapisho jipya wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Stories of Our Lives;'''Ni filamu ya Kenya iliyotolewa mnamo Mwaka 2014.filamu hii imetengenezwa na [[washirika]] kutoka kundi maarufu la The Nest Collective.filamu hii imetengenezwa na [[mkusanyiko]] wa filamu tano za [[matukio]] zinazo igizo [[Visakhapatnam|visa]] [[halisi]] vinavotokea kwenye [[Jamii kunde|jamii]] nchini Kenya.''<ref>http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/tiff-2014-review-stories-of-our-lives-anthology-film-asks-if-we-are-not-africans-what-are-we-20140905</ref> == marejeo == [[Jamii:Kenya]] flmat6iaaswfzm5583qf7d12o0dqkad 1241382 1241161 2022-08-09T07:28:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Stories of Our Lives(filamu)]] hadi [[Stories of Our Lives]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Stories of Our Lives;'''Ni filamu ya Kenya iliyotolewa mnamo Mwaka 2014.filamu hii imetengenezwa na [[washirika]] kutoka kundi maarufu la The Nest Collective.filamu hii imetengenezwa na [[mkusanyiko]] wa filamu tano za [[matukio]] zinazo igizo [[Visakhapatnam|visa]] [[halisi]] vinavotokea kwenye [[Jamii kunde|jamii]] nchini Kenya.''<ref>http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/tiff-2014-review-stories-of-our-lives-anthology-film-asks-if-we-are-not-africans-what-are-we-20140905</ref> == marejeo == [[Jamii:Kenya]] flmat6iaaswfzm5583qf7d12o0dqkad Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Pouria.ahmadi.birgani 3 155997 1241163 2022-08-08T17:18:29Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:18, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) duxti11rw2t2rm2eh2am3ugn5hvrgrg Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Felix Atagong 3 155998 1241164 2022-08-08T17:19:58Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:19, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) aemcawfhr42wmd9a8z2sgm25w42ir2l Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:KaylaWard 3 155999 1241165 2022-08-08T17:20:24Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:20, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 4g1ov49oxue38fvqu3vp1hjo1ge6zmh Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Go-Chlodio 3 156000 1241166 2022-08-08T17:20:33Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:20, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 4g1ov49oxue38fvqu3vp1hjo1ge6zmh Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kevharrison 3 156001 1241167 2022-08-08T17:20:48Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:20, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 4g1ov49oxue38fvqu3vp1hjo1ge6zmh Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Samcharles31 3 156002 1241168 2022-08-08T17:21:55Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:21, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) pt78ys3l01df3x2xnm2ytipp4jrve43 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Pyrrohy cophyta 3 156003 1241169 2022-08-08T17:22:06Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:22, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) sxgqromfmrmsyx4ssp932x8p2jpxkif Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:الزبير القرني 3 156004 1241170 2022-08-08T17:22:16Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:22, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) sxgqromfmrmsyx4ssp932x8p2jpxkif Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dylsss 3 156005 1241171 2022-08-08T17:22:25Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:22, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) sxgqromfmrmsyx4ssp932x8p2jpxkif Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ResulSalihu51 3 156006 1241172 2022-08-08T17:22:34Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:22, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) sxgqromfmrmsyx4ssp932x8p2jpxkif Siku Njema (riwaya) 0 156007 1241173 2022-08-08T17:22:59Z Awadhi Awampo 48284 chapisho jipya wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Siku''' '''Njema;'''Ni Riwaya ya [[kiswahili]] iliyotungwa na mtunzi kutoka nchini Kenya aitwae ,Ken Walibora.Riwaya hii ilichapishwa Mwaka 1996.Riwaya hii inahusu maisha ya kijana mdogo aitwae Msanifu kombo ambae alizaliwa [[Tanga]] nchini [[Tanzania Daima|Tanzania]] ,Kijana huyu anakumbana na matatizo ya kifamilia akiwa anaishi na mama pekee mwenye kipaji cha kuimba taarab.kuzaliwa nje ya [[ndoa]] kwa kijana huyu kunamfanya apitie changamoto nyingi kutoka kwa marafiki zake wa shuleni kutokana na [[tamaduni]] zao kuwa yeye sio mtoto [[halali]].''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</ref> == marejeo == [[Jamii:Jamii Ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Jamii za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Jamii za Kale]] cnahb7pmwmsu90uzizr6ygf6i5zi88u 1241407 1241173 2022-08-09T07:40:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Siku Njema(riwaya)]] hadi [[Siku Njema (riwaya)]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Siku''' '''Njema;'''Ni Riwaya ya [[kiswahili]] iliyotungwa na mtunzi kutoka nchini Kenya aitwae ,Ken Walibora.Riwaya hii ilichapishwa Mwaka 1996.Riwaya hii inahusu maisha ya kijana mdogo aitwae Msanifu kombo ambae alizaliwa [[Tanga]] nchini [[Tanzania Daima|Tanzania]] ,Kijana huyu anakumbana na matatizo ya kifamilia akiwa anaishi na mama pekee mwenye kipaji cha kuimba taarab.kuzaliwa nje ya [[ndoa]] kwa kijana huyu kunamfanya apitie changamoto nyingi kutoka kwa marafiki zake wa shuleni kutokana na [[tamaduni]] zao kuwa yeye sio mtoto [[halali]].''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</ref> == marejeo == [[Jamii:Jamii Ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Jamii za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Jamii za Kale]] cnahb7pmwmsu90uzizr6ygf6i5zi88u 1241414 1241407 2022-08-09T07:42:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Siku Njema''''' ni [[riwaya]] ya [[Kiswahili]] iliyotungwa na mtunzi kutoka nchini [[Kenya]] aitwae Ken Walibora. Riwaya hii ilichapishwa mwaka 1996. Riwaya hii inahusu maisha ya kijana mdogo aitwae Msanifu kombo ambae alizaliwa [[Tanga]] nchini [[Tanzania Daima|Tanzania]] ,Kijana huyu anakumbana na matatizo ya kifamilia akiwa anaishi na mama pekee mwenye kipaji cha kuimba taarab.kuzaliwa nje ya [[ndoa]] kwa kijana huyu kunamfanya apitie changamoto nyingi kutoka kwa marafiki zake wa shuleni kutokana na [[tamaduni]] zao kuwa yeye sio mtoto [[halali]]. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Riwaya]] [[jamii:Fasihi ya Kiswahili]] 0yhb3yeu1kmab9462oz7dmv31eljbig 1241416 1241414 2022-08-09T07:43:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Siku Njema''''' ni [[riwaya]] ya [[Kiswahili]] iliyotungwa na mtunzi kutoka nchini [[Kenya]] aitwae [[Ken Walibora]]. Riwaya hii ilichapishwa mwaka 1996. Riwaya hii inahusu maisha ya kijana mdogo aitwae Msanifu kombo ambae alizaliwa [[Tanga]] nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kijana huyu anakumbana na matatizo ya kifamilia akiwa anaishi na mama pekee mwenye kipaji cha kuimba taarab. Kuzaliwa nje ya [[ndoa]] kwa kijana huyu kunamfanya apitie changamoto nyingi kutoka kwa marafiki zake wa shuleni kutokana na [[tamaduni]] zao kuwa yeye sio mtoto [[halali]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[jamii:Fasihi ya Kiswahili]] 6m85f0f0uk54lz6bwkxq8vxxvwffex8 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kextemba 3 156008 1241174 2022-08-08T17:25:15Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:25, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 7zoc76xrzczbvjk181bm0nvcsu0qbcq Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Klaribahia 3 156009 1241175 2022-08-08T17:25:24Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:25, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 7zoc76xrzczbvjk181bm0nvcsu0qbcq Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MicMiz 3 156010 1241176 2022-08-08T17:25:32Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:25, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 7zoc76xrzczbvjk181bm0nvcsu0qbcq Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:SamuelPrinz 3 156011 1241177 2022-08-08T17:25:40Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:25, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 7zoc76xrzczbvjk181bm0nvcsu0qbcq Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MareikeBechtel 3 156012 1241178 2022-08-08T17:25:49Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:25, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 7zoc76xrzczbvjk181bm0nvcsu0qbcq Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ninanki 3 156013 1241179 2022-08-08T17:27:20Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:27, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) k42ymbdb6iv0vislca1nvtcso30iibu Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mattewmanna 3 156014 1241180 2022-08-08T17:27:37Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:27, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) k42ymbdb6iv0vislca1nvtcso30iibu Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mureccles 3 156015 1241181 2022-08-08T17:27:54Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:27, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) k42ymbdb6iv0vislca1nvtcso30iibu Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Danadoesedits 3 156016 1241182 2022-08-08T17:28:03Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:28, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) flmzepqzvdrgt45f704vpbtdl7uqa2s Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Pascoal IV 3 156017 1241183 2022-08-08T17:28:11Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:28, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) flmzepqzvdrgt45f704vpbtdl7uqa2s Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jimmielovell 3 156018 1241184 2022-08-08T17:29:43Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:29, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rnlro6p4pph0h5oakg45bxs4xlryr9k Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Truy Mộng 3 156019 1241185 2022-08-08T17:29:53Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:29, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rnlro6p4pph0h5oakg45bxs4xlryr9k Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Sokphireak 3 156020 1241186 2022-08-08T17:30:04Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:30, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) jabtp3j5suz3nmk5il8uuyj3wwyuxlz Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Roleyy 3 156021 1241187 2022-08-08T17:30:16Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:30, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) jabtp3j5suz3nmk5il8uuyj3wwyuxlz Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Leeadams56474646 3 156022 1241188 2022-08-08T17:30:26Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:30, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) jabtp3j5suz3nmk5il8uuyj3wwyuxlz Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Emmanuel meela 3 156023 1241189 2022-08-08T17:31:47Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:31, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rjuhbd74kc8x4qre82wif2fn5bfs5xh Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Vivian njeri wanjau 3 156024 1241190 2022-08-08T17:32:01Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:31, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rjuhbd74kc8x4qre82wif2fn5bfs5xh Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Brian Ngowi 3 156025 1241191 2022-08-08T17:32:11Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:32, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 7dxxrvicqtzxp7i9jmz2zyiw8e88syk Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Alvin Djamba la kinaha 3 156026 1241192 2022-08-08T17:32:26Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:32, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 7dxxrvicqtzxp7i9jmz2zyiw8e88syk Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tech.Kundan 3 156027 1241193 2022-08-08T17:32:37Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:32, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 7dxxrvicqtzxp7i9jmz2zyiw8e88syk Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AdonisAbaba 3 156028 1241194 2022-08-08T17:32:53Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:32, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 7dxxrvicqtzxp7i9jmz2zyiw8e88syk Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Samwel Ikholi 3 156029 1241195 2022-08-08T17:37:42Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:37, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ri1rdxsnnlt5wt6xl64ugeezj30qs3q Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Noname JR 3 156030 1241196 2022-08-08T17:37:52Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:37, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ri1rdxsnnlt5wt6xl64ugeezj30qs3q Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hoasusu 3 156031 1241197 2022-08-08T17:38:01Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:37, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ri1rdxsnnlt5wt6xl64ugeezj30qs3q Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Abamatumario 3 156032 1241198 2022-08-08T17:38:13Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:38, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 1w0la57nmj0eldpp50o8fxsp75b5nyf Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egon von Schwarzenberg 3 156033 1241199 2022-08-08T17:38:29Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:38, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 1w0la57nmj0eldpp50o8fxsp75b5nyf Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Agentakt 3 156034 1241200 2022-08-08T17:38:42Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:38, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 1w0la57nmj0eldpp50o8fxsp75b5nyf Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hasna Tendo 3 156035 1241201 2022-08-08T17:40:48Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:40, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 2gpv8356vzhypb5yau63o7o4h9oobad Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:StevNdegwa 3 156036 1241202 2022-08-08T17:40:56Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:40, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 2gpv8356vzhypb5yau63o7o4h9oobad Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wenn10 3 156037 1241203 2022-08-08T17:41:08Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:41, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) nj4ykbiwt4zn2x0sfu8ybezbb3n0bl5 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AElfryd 3 156038 1241204 2022-08-08T17:41:18Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:41, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) nj4ykbiwt4zn2x0sfu8ybezbb3n0bl5 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jeeputer 3 156039 1241205 2022-08-08T17:44:28Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rbatrkgpvq9l7046x9qp5rp51x2uhah Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Fm3dici97 3 156040 1241206 2022-08-08T17:44:39Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rbatrkgpvq9l7046x9qp5rp51x2uhah Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:SamZane 3 156041 1241207 2022-08-08T17:44:49Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rbatrkgpvq9l7046x9qp5rp51x2uhah Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Benjamin Juma 3 156042 1241208 2022-08-08T17:44:58Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rbatrkgpvq9l7046x9qp5rp51x2uhah Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Issacoulibaly44 3 156043 1241209 2022-08-08T17:45:08Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:45, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) a5uyvnk99pjnxs6g6yum826pohyo1ai Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Sedestamaiko 3 156044 1241210 2022-08-08T17:45:19Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:45, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) a5uyvnk99pjnxs6g6yum826pohyo1ai Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Samereigns 3 156045 1241211 2022-08-08T17:45:35Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:45, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) a5uyvnk99pjnxs6g6yum826pohyo1ai Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ArthurKarol 3 156046 1241212 2022-08-08T17:47:46Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:47, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 48jok3xiy97s06joi1b66y0ncfuyfy8 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ESBOV 3 156047 1241213 2022-08-08T17:50:07Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:50, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) mw25cri0igop6em6n4xgmz3rjmn0a7g Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Arne Müseler 3 156048 1241214 2022-08-08T17:50:13Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:50, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) mw25cri0igop6em6n4xgmz3rjmn0a7g Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AleTsui 3 156049 1241215 2022-08-08T17:50:22Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:50, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) mw25cri0igop6em6n4xgmz3rjmn0a7g Mission to Rescue 0 156050 1241216 2022-08-08T17:55:03Z Awadhi Awampo 48284 chapisho jipya wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Mission to Rescue;''' Ni filamu ya mapigano iliyoandaliwa nchini kenya mwaka 2021,chini ya muongozaji Gilbert Lukalika.''<ref>https://nairobifashionhub.co.ke/mission-to-rescue-kenyan-first-ever-military-action-movie/</ref>''[[Filamu]] hii ilichaguliwa kuwa filamu bora ya kimataifa katika maazimisho ya 94th ya chuo cha [[tuzo]].''<ref>https://twitter.com/FoxtonMedia/status/1451486189786177537</ref>''Filamu hii imejikita kwenye uhalisia wa tukio lililotokea mwaka 2011 ambapo [[wanamgambo]] wa Al-shabaab walivamia [[watalii]] kutoka Ufaransa wakiwa nchini Kenya.'' == marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanamgambo]] [[Jamii:Jamii ya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Kenya]] [[Jamii:Watalii]] [[Jamii:Ufaransa]] emjoorywwvjttl091jum89gp3o6w51g 1241229 1241216 2022-08-08T18:53:17Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mission to Rescue;''' Ni [[filamu]] ya mapigano iliyoandaliwa nchini kenya mwaka 2021,chini ya muongozaji Gilbert Lukalika.''<ref>https://nairobifashionhub.co.ke/mission-to-rescue-kenyan-first-ever-military-action-movie/</ref>''[[Filamu]] hii ilichaguliwa kuwa filamu bora ya kimataifa katika maazimisho ya 94th ya chuo cha [[tuzo]].''<ref>https://twitter.com/FoxtonMedia/status/1451486189786177537</ref>''Filamu hii imejikita kwenye uhalisia wa tukio lililotokea mwaka 2011 ambapo [[wanamgambo]] wa Al-shabaab walivamia [[watalii]] kutoka Ufaransa wakiwa nchini Kenya.'' == marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Wanamgambo]] [[Jamii:Jamii ya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Kenya]] [[Jamii:Watalii]] [[Jamii:Ufaransa]] kg1t9hbktsv3c1rn4bhkvyxdkezng8z 1241417 1241229 2022-08-09T07:44:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mission to Rescue;''' ni [[filamu]] ya mapigano iliyoandaliwa nchini kenya mwaka 2021, chini ya muongozaji Gilbert Lukalika.''<ref>https://nairobifashionhub.co.ke/mission-to-rescue-kenyan-first-ever-military-action-movie/</ref>''[[Filamu]] hii ilichaguliwa kuwa filamu bora ya kimataifa katika maazimisho ya 94th ya chuo cha [[tuzo]].''<ref>https://twitter.com/FoxtonMedia/status/1451486189786177537</ref>''Filamu hii imejikita kwenye uhalisia wa tukio lililotokea mwaka 2011 ambapo [[wanamgambo]] wa Al-shabaab walivamia [[watalii]] kutoka Ufaransa wakiwa nchini Kenya.'' == marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 2021]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Kenya]] nlefqwgfvpx2m9v9e0o3na5hdf58vr4 1241418 1241417 2022-08-09T07:45:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Mission to Rescue(filamu)]] hadi [[Mission to Rescue]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mission to Rescue;''' ni [[filamu]] ya mapigano iliyoandaliwa nchini kenya mwaka 2021, chini ya muongozaji Gilbert Lukalika.''<ref>https://nairobifashionhub.co.ke/mission-to-rescue-kenyan-first-ever-military-action-movie/</ref>''[[Filamu]] hii ilichaguliwa kuwa filamu bora ya kimataifa katika maazimisho ya 94th ya chuo cha [[tuzo]].''<ref>https://twitter.com/FoxtonMedia/status/1451486189786177537</ref>''Filamu hii imejikita kwenye uhalisia wa tukio lililotokea mwaka 2011 ambapo [[wanamgambo]] wa Al-shabaab walivamia [[watalii]] kutoka Ufaransa wakiwa nchini Kenya.'' == marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 2021]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Kenya]] nlefqwgfvpx2m9v9e0o3na5hdf58vr4 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:David Wanyama 3 156051 1241217 2022-08-08T18:12:16Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 18:11, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) klvdzqmo0c92h5jqhotz78w9g2onrty Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Sassihei 3 156052 1241218 2022-08-08T18:12:20Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 18:12, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) q0f7zcooeth0m97nb12ubsgvmjch1t3 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Sadiqmasinde 3 156053 1241219 2022-08-08T18:12:29Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 18:12, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) q0f7zcooeth0m97nb12ubsgvmjch1t3 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mubeenshahjahan 3 156054 1241220 2022-08-08T18:12:38Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 18:12, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) q0f7zcooeth0m97nb12ubsgvmjch1t3 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mochababie 3 156055 1241221 2022-08-08T18:12:55Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 18:12, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) q0f7zcooeth0m97nb12ubsgvmjch1t3 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kulayavee 3 156056 1241222 2022-08-08T18:13:03Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 18:13, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) p6soguujk2oag784gzfpa3m2d573mg2 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Arnoldkusoma 3 156057 1241223 2022-08-08T18:13:11Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 18:13, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) p6soguujk2oag784gzfpa3m2d573mg2 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Marcelo de Gois 3 156058 1241224 2022-08-08T18:13:20Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 18:13, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) p6soguujk2oag784gzfpa3m2d573mg2 Chris Dodd 0 156059 1241235 2022-08-08T19:19:29Z Salehe Adinan 54827 kuongeza jamii na kuongeza picha wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Christopher Dodd official portrait 2-cropped.jpg|thumb|'''Chris Dodd''']] '''Christopher John Dodd''' (amezaliwa mnamo May 27 ya mwaka, 1944) ni [[mshawishi]] wa kimarekani, [[mwanasheria]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani|chama cha kidemokrasia]] ambae aliweza kutumikia kama [[Senati (Marekani)|seneta]] kutokea [[Connecticut]] kuanzia mwaka 1981 mpaka mwaka 2011. Dodd ni [[seneta aliyetumikia kwa muda mrefu katika historia ya jimbo la Connecticut]]. Aliweza kutumikia katika [[Nyumba ya Wawakilishi ya Marekani|nyumba ya baraza la wawakilishi ya Marekani]] kuaznia mwaka 1975 mpaka mwaka 1981. Dodd ni mwenyeji wa Connecticut na muhitimu katika [[shule ya Georgetown Preparatory]] kule [[Bethesda, Maryland|Bethesda]], [[Maryland]] na katika [[chuo cha Provedence.]] Baba yake [[Thomas J. Dodd]] alikuwa pia ni seneta wa marekani kuanzia mwaka 1959 mpaka mwaka 1971. Chris Dodd alitumikia katika [[vikosi vya amani]] kwa miaka miwili kabla ya kujiunga n[[a chuo kikuu cha sharia cha Louisville]] na katika kipindi cha masomo ya sheria alitumikia katika jeshi la hifadhi la kimarekani. Dodd alirudi Connecticut ambapo alishinda uchaguzi wa mwaka 1974 kwenye nyumba ya wawakilishi ya kimarekani kutoka katika n [[wilaya ya pili ya congress ya commecticut]] aliweza kuchaguliwa tena mnamo mwaka 1976 na mwaka 1978. Aliweza kuchaguliwa katika [[Senati (Marekani)|seneti]] ya kimarekani mnamo mwaka 1997. Dodd alitumikia kama mwenyekiti mkuu wa [[Democratic National Commitee]] kuanzia mwaka 1995 mpaka mnamo mwaka 1997. Alitumikia kama mwenyekiti wa kamati ya [[benki ya seneti]] kuanzia mwaka 2007 mpaka kufikia kustaafu kwake katika siasa.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2007-11-22|title=Financial Markets Highlights November 2007|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|journal=Financial Market Trends|volume=2007|issue=2|pages=11–25|doi=10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|issn=0378-651X}}</ref> mwaka 2006 Dodd alifanya uamuzi wa kugombea [[uteuzi wa kidemokrasia]] wakuwa mgombea uraisi Marekani katika chama cha kidemokrasia, lakini aliweza kujiengua baada ya kuonekana kuzidiwa na baadhi ya washindani. Januari 2010, Dodd alitangaza kuwa hatogombea kuchaguliwa tena.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> Nafasi ya Dodd iliweza kurithiwa na mwanademokrasia [[Richard Blumenthal]]. Badae Dodd aliweza kutumikia kama mwenyekiti na [[chifu mshawishi]] wa kampuni ya [[Motion Pictures Association of America]] (MPAA) kuanzia mwaka 2011 mpaka kufikia mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203.v1|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Los Angeles Times Festival of Books Royce Hall, UCLA|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1bkm623.4|work=I Told You So|pages=13–26|publisher=OR Books|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref>Katika mwaka 2018, Dodd alirudi katika kutumikia sheria na kujiunga na biashara ya sharia ya [[Arnold na Porter.]] Zaidi ya kuwa mwanachama wa ReForners Caucus ya [[IssueOne]], Dodd alikuwa ni mshauri wa karibu wa raisi [[Joe Biden]] na aliweza kutumikia katika kamati ya uchaguzi wake kama Makamu wa raisi wa Marekani.<ref>{{Citation|last=George Peel|first=Hon.|title=The Caucus Takes Charge|date=2017-10-10|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315098890-9|work=The Tariff Reformers|pages=151–164|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-09889-0|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=CROWN-PRINCE RETRIEVED: LIFE AT CUSTRIN NOVEMBER 1730-FEBRUARY 1732|date=2010-11-11|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511694677.004|work=The Works of Thomas Carlyle|pages=342–406|publisher=Cambridge University Press|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> '''Marejeo''' [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:CSW CHSS]] bur9tnpvld4z85swrsh82e8f2marbra 1241252 1241235 2022-08-08T20:35:20Z Kipala 107 tahajia wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Christopher Dodd official portrait 2-cropped.jpg|thumb|'''Chris Dodd''']] '''Christopher John Dodd''' (amezaliwa mnamo May 27 ya mwaka, 1944) ni [[mwanasheria]] wa [[Marekani]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani|chama cha kidemokrasia]] ambaye aliweza kutumikia kama [[Senati (Marekani)|seneta]] kutokea [[Connecticut]] kuanzia mwaka 1981 mpaka mwaka 2011. Dodd ni seneta aliyetumikia kwa muda mrefu katika historia ya jimbo la Connecticut. Aliweza kutumikia katika [[Nyumba ya Wawakilishi ya Marekani|nyumba ya baraza la wawakilishi ya Marekani]] kuanzia mwaka 1975 mpaka mwaka 1981. Dodd ni mwenyeji wa Connecticut na muhitimu katika [[shule ya Georgetown Preparatory]] kule [[Bethesda, Maryland|Bethesda]], [[Maryland]] na katika [[chuo cha Provedence.]] Baba yake [[Thomas J. Dodd]] alikuwa pia ni seneta wa marekani kuanzia mwaka 1959 mpaka mwaka 1971. Chris Dodd alitumikia katika [[vikosi vya amani]] kwa miaka miwili kabla ya kujiunga n[[a chuo kikuu cha sharia cha Louisville]] na katika kipindi cha masomo ya sheria alitumikia katika jeshi la hifadhi la kimarekani. Dodd alirudi Connecticut ambapo alishinda uchaguzi wa mwaka 1974 kwenye nyumba ya wawakilishi ya kimarekani kutoka katika n [[wilaya ya pili ya congress ya commecticut]] aliweza kuchaguliwa tena mnamo mwaka 1976 na mwaka 1978. Aliweza kuchaguliwa katika [[Senati (Marekani)|seneti]] ya kimarekani mnamo mwaka 1997. Dodd alitumikia kama mwenyekiti mkuu wa [[Democratic National Commitee]] kuanzia mwaka 1995 mpaka mnamo mwaka 1997. Alitumikia kama mwenyekiti wa kamati ya [[benki ya seneti]] kuanzia mwaka 2007 mpaka kufikia kustaafu kwake katika siasa.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2007-11-22|title=Financial Markets Highlights November 2007|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|journal=Financial Market Trends|volume=2007|issue=2|pages=11–25|doi=10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|issn=0378-651X}}</ref> mwaka 2006 Dodd alifanya uamuzi wa kugombea [[uteuzi wa kidemokrasia]] wakuwa mgombea uraisi Marekani katika chama cha kidemokrasia, lakini aliweza kujiengua baada ya kuonekana kuzidiwa na baadhi ya washindani. Januari 2010, Dodd alitangaza kuwa hatogombea kuchaguliwa tena.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> Nafasi ya Dodd iliweza kurithiwa na mwanademokrasia [[Richard Blumenthal]]. Badae Dodd aliweza kutumikia kama mwenyekiti na [[chifu mshawishi]] wa kampuni ya [[Motion Pictures Association of America]] (MPAA) kuanzia mwaka 2011 mpaka kufikia mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203.v1|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Los Angeles Times Festival of Books Royce Hall, UCLA|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1bkm623.4|work=I Told You So|pages=13–26|publisher=OR Books|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref>Katika mwaka 2018, Dodd alirudi katika kutumikia sheria na kujiunga na biashara ya sharia ya [[Arnold na Porter.]] Zaidi ya kuwa mwanachama wa ReForners Caucus ya [[IssueOne]], Dodd alikuwa ni mshauri wa karibu wa raisi [[Joe Biden]] na aliweza kutumikia katika kamati ya uchaguzi wake kama Makamu wa raisi wa Marekani.<ref>{{Citation|last=George Peel|first=Hon.|title=The Caucus Takes Charge|date=2017-10-10|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315098890-9|work=The Tariff Reformers|pages=151–164|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-09889-0|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=CROWN-PRINCE RETRIEVED: LIFE AT CUSTRIN NOVEMBER 1730-FEBRUARY 1732|date=2010-11-11|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511694677.004|work=The Works of Thomas Carlyle|pages=342–406|publisher=Cambridge University Press|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> '''Marejeo''' [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:CSW CHSS]] b7hev6j8bi8folokrryscpvurg7ljhj 1241253 1241252 2022-08-08T20:37:00Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Christopher Dodd official portrait 2-cropped.jpg|thumb|'''Chris Dodd''']] '''Christopher John Dodd''' (amezaliwa mnamo May 27 ya mwaka, 1944) ni [[mwanasheria]] wa [[Marekani]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani|chama cha kidemokrasia]] ambaye aliweza kutumikia kama [[Senati (Marekani)|seneta]] kutokea [[Connecticut]] kuanzia mwaka 1981 mpaka mwaka 2011. Dodd ni seneta aliyetumikia kwa muda mrefu katika historia ya jimbo la Connecticut. Kabla ya kuwa seneta, alitumikia katika [[Nyumba ya Wawakilishi ya Marekani|bunge la wawakilishi ya Marekani]] kuanzia mwaka 1975 mpaka mwaka 1981. Dodd ni mwenyeji wa Connecticut na muhitimu katika [[shule ya Georgetown Preparatory]] kule [[Bethesda, Maryland|Bethesda]], [[Maryland]] na katika [[chuo cha Provedence.]] Baba yake [[Thomas J. Dodd]] alikuwa pia ni seneta wa marekani kuanzia mwaka 1959 mpaka mwaka 1971. Chris Dodd alitumikia katika [[vikosi vya amani]] kwa miaka miwili kabla ya kujiunga n[[a chuo kikuu cha sharia cha Louisville]] na katika kipindi cha masomo ya sheria alitumikia katika jeshi la hifadhi la kimarekani. Dodd alirudi Connecticut ambapo alishinda uchaguzi wa mwaka 1974 kwenye nyumba ya wawakilishi ya kimarekani kutoka katika n [[wilaya ya pili ya congress ya commecticut]] aliweza kuchaguliwa tena mnamo mwaka 1976 na mwaka 1978. Aliweza kuchaguliwa katika [[Senati (Marekani)|seneti]] ya kimarekani mnamo mwaka 1997. Dodd alitumikia kama mwenyekiti mkuu wa [[Democratic National Commitee]] kuanzia mwaka 1995 mpaka mnamo mwaka 1997. Alitumikia kama mwenyekiti wa kamati ya [[benki ya seneti]] kuanzia mwaka 2007 mpaka kufikia kustaafu kwake katika siasa.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2007-11-22|title=Financial Markets Highlights November 2007|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|journal=Financial Market Trends|volume=2007|issue=2|pages=11–25|doi=10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|issn=0378-651X}}</ref> mwaka 2006 Dodd alifanya uamuzi wa kugombea [[uteuzi wa kidemokrasia]] wakuwa mgombea uraisi Marekani katika chama cha kidemokrasia, lakini aliweza kujiengua baada ya kuonekana kuzidiwa na baadhi ya washindani. Januari 2010, Dodd alitangaza kuwa hatogombea kuchaguliwa tena.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> Nafasi ya Dodd iliweza kurithiwa na mwanademokrasia [[Richard Blumenthal]]. Badae Dodd aliweza kutumikia kama mwenyekiti na [[chifu mshawishi]] wa kampuni ya [[Motion Pictures Association of America]] (MPAA) kuanzia mwaka 2011 mpaka kufikia mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203.v1|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Los Angeles Times Festival of Books Royce Hall, UCLA|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1bkm623.4|work=I Told You So|pages=13–26|publisher=OR Books|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref>Katika mwaka 2018, Dodd alirudi katika kutumikia sheria na kujiunga na biashara ya sharia ya [[Arnold na Porter.]] Zaidi ya kuwa mwanachama wa ReForners Caucus ya [[IssueOne]], Dodd alikuwa ni mshauri wa karibu wa raisi [[Joe Biden]] na aliweza kutumikia katika kamati ya uchaguzi wake kama Makamu wa raisi wa Marekani.<ref>{{Citation|last=George Peel|first=Hon.|title=The Caucus Takes Charge|date=2017-10-10|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315098890-9|work=The Tariff Reformers|pages=151–164|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-09889-0|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=CROWN-PRINCE RETRIEVED: LIFE AT CUSTRIN NOVEMBER 1730-FEBRUARY 1732|date=2010-11-11|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511694677.004|work=The Works of Thomas Carlyle|pages=342–406|publisher=Cambridge University Press|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> '''Marejeo''' [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:CSW CHSS]] tpp9vk5c46mn4fy4sj3t6oibbypfeb3 1241254 1241253 2022-08-08T20:40:36Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Christopher Dodd official portrait 2-cropped.jpg|thumb|'''Chris Dodd''']] '''Christopher John Dodd''' (amezaliwa mnamo May 27 ya mwaka, 1944) ni [[mwanasheria]] wa [[Marekani]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani|chama cha kidemokrasia]] ambaye aliweza kutumikia kama [[Senati (Marekani)|seneta]] kutokea [[Connecticut]] kuanzia mwaka 1981 mpaka mwaka 2011. Dodd ni seneta aliyetumikia kwa muda mrefu katika historia ya jimbo la Connecticut. Kabla ya kuwa seneta, alitumikia katika [[Nyumba ya Wawakilishi ya Marekani|bunge la wawakilishi ya Marekani]] kuanzia mwaka 1975 mpaka mwaka 1981. Dodd ni mwenyeji wa Connecticut na muhitimu katika shule ya Georgetown kule [[Bethesda, Maryland|Bethesda]], [[Maryland]] na katika [[chuo cha Providence]]. Baba yake [[Thomas J. Dodd]] alikuwa pia ni seneta wa marekani kuanzia mwaka 1959 mpaka mwaka 1971. Chris Dodd alitumikia katika [[Peace Corps]] kwa miaka miwili kabla ya kujiunga na [[chuo kikuu cha sharia cha Louisville]] na katika kipindi cha masomo ya sheria alitumikia katika jeshi la hifadhi la kimarekani. Dodd alirudi Connecticut ambapo alishinda uchaguzi wa mwaka 1974 kwenye nyumba ya wawakilishi ya kimarekani kutoka katika n [[wilaya ya pili ya congress ya commecticut]] aliweza kuchaguliwa tena mnamo mwaka 1976 na mwaka 1978. Aliweza kuchaguliwa katika [[Senati (Marekani)|seneti]] ya kimarekani mnamo mwaka 1997. Dodd alitumikia kama mwenyekiti wa kamati kuu ya Chama cha Kidemokrasia kuanzia mwaka 1995 mpaka mnamo mwaka 1997. Alitumikia kama mwenyekiti wa kamati ya benki ya seneti kuanzia mwaka 2007 mpaka kufikia kustaafu kwake katika siasa.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2007-11-22|title=Financial Markets Highlights November 2007|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|journal=Financial Market Trends|volume=2007|issue=2|pages=11–25|doi=10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|issn=0378-651X}}</ref> mwaka 2006 Dodd alifanya uamuzi wa kugombea [[uteuzi wa kidemokrasia]] wakuwa mgombea uraisi Marekani katika chama cha kidemokrasia, lakini aliweza kujiengua baada ya kuonekana kuzidiwa na baadhi ya washindani. Januari 2010, Dodd alitangaza kuwa hatogombea kuchaguliwa tena.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> Nafasi ya Dodd iliweza kurithiwa na mwanademokrasia [[Richard Blumenthal]]. Badae Dodd aliweza kutumikia kama mwenyekiti na [[chifu mshawishi]] wa kampuni ya [[Motion Pictures Association of America]] (MPAA) kuanzia mwaka 2011 mpaka kufikia mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203.v1|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Los Angeles Times Festival of Books Royce Hall, UCLA|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1bkm623.4|work=I Told You So|pages=13–26|publisher=OR Books|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref>Katika mwaka 2018, Dodd alirudi katika kutumikia sheria na kujiunga na biashara ya sharia ya [[Arnold na Porter.]] Zaidi ya kuwa mwanachama wa ReForners Caucus ya [[IssueOne]], Dodd alikuwa ni mshauri wa karibu wa raisi [[Joe Biden]] na aliweza kutumikia katika kamati ya uchaguzi wake kama Makamu wa raisi wa Marekani.<ref>{{Citation|last=George Peel|first=Hon.|title=The Caucus Takes Charge|date=2017-10-10|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315098890-9|work=The Tariff Reformers|pages=151–164|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-09889-0|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=CROWN-PRINCE RETRIEVED: LIFE AT CUSTRIN NOVEMBER 1730-FEBRUARY 1732|date=2010-11-11|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511694677.004|work=The Works of Thomas Carlyle|pages=342–406|publisher=Cambridge University Press|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> '''Marejeo''' [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:CSW CHSS]] d0a8efdjpe3zkqbbfszibwf0wxyj6l2 1241255 1241254 2022-08-08T20:45:22Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Christopher Dodd official portrait 2-cropped.jpg|thumb|'''Chris Dodd''']] '''Christopher John Dodd''' (amezaliwa mnamo May 27 ya mwaka, 1944) ni [[mwanasheria]] wa [[Marekani]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani|chama cha kidemokrasia]] ambaye aliweza kutumikia kama [[Senati (Marekani)|seneta]] kutokea [[Connecticut]] kuanzia mwaka 1981 mpaka mwaka 2011. Dodd ni seneta aliyetumikia kwa muda mrefu katika historia ya jimbo la Connecticut. Kabla ya kuwa seneta, alitumikia katika [[Nyumba ya Wawakilishi ya Marekani|bunge la Wawakilishi wa Marekani]] kuanzia mwaka 1975 mpaka mwaka 1981. Dodd ni mwenyeji wa Connecticut na muhitimu katika shule ya Georgetown kule [[Bethesda, Maryland|Bethesda]], [[Maryland]] na katika [[chuo cha Providence]]. Baba yake [[Thomas J. Dodd]] alikuwa pia ni seneta wa marekani kuanzia mwaka 1959 mpaka mwaka 1971. Chris Dodd alitumikia katika [[Peace Corps]] kwa miaka miwili kabla ya kujiunga na [[chuo kikuu cha sharia cha Louisville]] na katika kipindi cha masomo ya sheria alitumikia katika jeshi la hifadhi la kimarekani. Dodd alirudi Connecticut ambapo alishinda uchaguzi wa mwaka 1974 kwa bunge la Wawakilishi wa Marekani kutoka katika jimbo la pili la Connecticut alirudishwa tena mnamo mwaka 1976 na mwaka 1978. Alifaulu kuchaguliwa katika [[Senati (Marekani)|senati]] ya Marekani mnamo mwaka 1997. Dodd alitumikia kama mwenyekiti wa kamati kuu ya Chama cha Kidemokrasia kuanzia mwaka 1995 mpaka mnamo mwaka 1997. Alitumikia kama mwenyekiti wa kamati ya benki ya seneti kuanzia mwaka 2007 mpaka kufikia kustaafu kwake katika siasa.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2007-11-22|title=Financial Markets Highlights November 2007|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|journal=Financial Market Trends|volume=2007|issue=2|pages=11–25|doi=10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|issn=0378-651X}}</ref> mwaka 2006 Dodd alifanya uamuzi wa kugombea [[uteuzi wa kidemokrasia]] wakuwa mgombea uraisi Marekani katika chama cha kidemokrasia, lakini aliweza kujiengua baada ya kuonekana kuzidiwa na baadhi ya washindani. Januari 2010, Dodd alitangaza kuwa hatogombea kuchaguliwa tena.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> Nafasi ya Dodd iliweza kurithiwa na mwanademokrasia [[Richard Blumenthal]]. Badae Dodd aliweza kutumikia kama mwenyekiti na [[chifu mshawishi]] wa kampuni ya [[Motion Pictures Association of America]] (MPAA) kuanzia mwaka 2011 mpaka kufikia mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203.v1|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Los Angeles Times Festival of Books Royce Hall, UCLA|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1bkm623.4|work=I Told You So|pages=13–26|publisher=OR Books|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref>Katika mwaka 2018, Dodd alirudi katika kutumikia sheria na kujiunga na biashara ya sharia ya [[Arnold na Porter.]] Zaidi ya kuwa mwanachama wa ReForners Caucus ya [[IssueOne]], Dodd alikuwa ni mshauri wa karibu wa raisi [[Joe Biden]] na aliweza kutumikia katika kamati ya uchaguzi wake kama Makamu wa raisi wa Marekani.<ref>{{Citation|last=George Peel|first=Hon.|title=The Caucus Takes Charge|date=2017-10-10|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315098890-9|work=The Tariff Reformers|pages=151–164|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-09889-0|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=CROWN-PRINCE RETRIEVED: LIFE AT CUSTRIN NOVEMBER 1730-FEBRUARY 1732|date=2010-11-11|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511694677.004|work=The Works of Thomas Carlyle|pages=342–406|publisher=Cambridge University Press|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> '''Marejeo''' [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:CSW CHSS]] bza5mkupjhj9o8jbxlrqdfgq0gzu7g3 1241257 1241255 2022-08-08T20:53:18Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Christopher Dodd official portrait 2-cropped.jpg|thumb|'''Chris Dodd''']] '''Christopher John Dodd''' (amezaliwa mnamo May 27 ya mwaka, 1944) ni [[mwanasheria]] wa [[Marekani]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani|chama cha kidemokrasia]] ambaye aliweza kutumikia kama [[Senati (Marekani)|seneta]] kutokea [[Connecticut]] kuanzia mwaka 1981 mpaka mwaka 2011. Dodd ni seneta aliyetumikia kwa muda mrefu katika historia ya jimbo la Connecticut. Kabla ya kuwa seneta, alitumikia katika [[Nyumba ya Wawakilishi ya Marekani|bunge la Wawakilishi wa Marekani]] kuanzia mwaka 1975 mpaka mwaka 1981. Dodd ni mwenyeji wa Connecticut na muhitimu katika shule ya Georgetown kule [[Bethesda, Maryland|Bethesda]], [[Maryland]] na katika [[chuo cha Providence]]. Baba yake [[Thomas J. Dodd]] alikuwa pia ni seneta wa marekani kuanzia mwaka 1959 mpaka mwaka 1971. Chris Dodd alitumikia katika [[Peace Corps]] kwa miaka miwili kabla ya kujiunga na [[chuo kikuu cha sharia cha Louisville]] na katika kipindi cha masomo ya sheria alitumikia katika jeshi la hifadhi la kimarekani. Dodd alirudi Connecticut ambapo alishinda uchaguzi wa mwaka 1974 kwa bunge la Wawakilishi wa Marekani kutoka katika jimbo la pili la Connecticut alirudishwa tena mnamo mwaka 1976 na mwaka 1978. Alifaulu kuchaguliwa katika [[Senati (Marekani)|senati]] ya Marekani mnamo mwaka 1997. Dodd alitumikia kama mwenyekiti wa kamati kuu ya Chama cha Kidemokrasia kuanzia mwaka 1995 mpaka mnamo mwaka 1997. Alitumikia kama mwenyekiti wa kamati ya benki ya seneti kuanzia mwaka 2007 mpaka kufikia kustaafu kwake katika siasa.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2007-11-22|title=Financial Markets Highlights November 2007|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|journal=Financial Market Trends|volume=2007|issue=2|pages=11–25|doi=10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|issn=0378-651X}}</ref> mwaka 2006 Dodd alifanya uamuzi wa kugombea [[uteuzi wa kidemokrasia]] wakuwa mgombea uraisi Marekani katika chama cha kidemokrasia, lakini aliweza kujiengua baada ya kuonekana kuzidiwa na baadhi ya washindani. Januari 2010, Dodd alitangaza kuwa hatagombea uchaguzi tena.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> Nafasi ya Dodd iliweza kurithiwa na mwanademokrasia [[Richard Blumenthal]]. Badae Dodd aliweza kutumikia kama mwenyekiti na [[mshawishi wabunge]] mkuu wa kampuni ya [[Motion Pictures Association of America]] (MPAA) kuanzia mwaka 2011 mpaka kufikia mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203.v1|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Los Angeles Times Festival of Books Royce Hall, UCLA|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1bkm623.4|work=I Told You So|pages=13–26|publisher=OR Books|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> Kwenye mwaka 2018, Dodd alirudi katika kazi ya uanasheria na kujiunga na kampuni ya [[Arnold na Porter.]] Zaidi ya kuwa mwanachama wa ReFormers Caucus ya "IssueOne", Dodd alikuwa mshauri wa karibu wa raisi [[Joe Biden]] na akatumikia katika kamati ya kumteua mgombea kwa nafasi ya makamu wa raisi wa Marekani.<ref>{{Citation|last=George Peel|first=Hon.|title=The Caucus Takes Charge|date=2017-10-10|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315098890-9|work=The Tariff Reformers|pages=151–164|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-09889-0|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=CROWN-PRINCE RETRIEVED: LIFE AT CUSTRIN NOVEMBER 1730-FEBRUARY 1732|date=2010-11-11|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511694677.004|work=The Works of Thomas Carlyle|pages=342–406|publisher=Cambridge University Press|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:CSW CHSS]] auocpyv7zzzq7kiuyuqxx41hjre79dr 1241258 1241257 2022-08-08T20:54:10Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Christopher Dodd official portrait 2-cropped.jpg|thumb|'''Chris Dodd''']] '''Christopher John Dodd''' (amezaliwa mnamo May 27 ya mwaka, 1944) ni [[mwanasheria]] wa [[Marekani]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani|chama cha kidemokrasia]] ambaye aliweza kutumikia kama [[Senati (Marekani)|seneta]] kutokea [[Connecticut]] kuanzia mwaka 1981 mpaka mwaka 2011. Dodd ni seneta aliyetumikia kwa muda mrefu katika historia ya jimbo la Connecticut. Kabla ya kuwa seneta, alitumikia katika [[Nyumba ya Wawakilishi ya Marekani|bunge la Wawakilishi wa Marekani]] kuanzia mwaka 1975 mpaka mwaka 1981. Dodd ni mwenyeji wa Connecticut na muhitimu katika shule ya Georgetown kule [[Bethesda, Maryland|Bethesda]], [[Maryland]] na katika [[chuo cha Providence]]. Baba yake [[Thomas J. Dodd]] alikuwa pia ni seneta wa marekani kuanzia mwaka 1959 mpaka mwaka 1971. Chris Dodd alitumikia katika [[Peace Corps]] kwa miaka miwili kabla ya kujiunga na [[chuo kikuu cha sharia cha Louisville]] na katika kipindi cha masomo ya sheria alitumikia katika jeshi la hifadhi la kimarekani. Dodd alirudi Connecticut ambapo alishinda uchaguzi wa mwaka 1974 kwa bunge la Wawakilishi wa Marekani kutoka katika jimbo la pili la Connecticut alirudishwa tena mnamo mwaka 1976 na mwaka 1978. Alifaulu kuchaguliwa katika [[Senati (Marekani)|senati]] ya Marekani mnamo mwaka 1997. Dodd alitumikia kama mwenyekiti wa kamati kuu ya Chama cha Kidemokrasia kuanzia mwaka 1995 mpaka mnamo mwaka 1997. Alitumikia kama mwenyekiti wa kamati ya benki ya seneti kuanzia mwaka 2007 mpaka kufikia kustaafu kwake katika siasa.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2007-11-22|title=Financial Markets Highlights November 2007|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|journal=Financial Market Trends|volume=2007|issue=2|pages=11–25|doi=10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|issn=0378-651X}}</ref> mwaka 2006 Dodd alifanya uamuzi wa kugombea [[uteuzi wa kidemokrasia]] wakuwa mgombea uraisi Marekani katika chama cha kidemokrasia, lakini aliweza kujiengua baada ya kuonekana kuzidiwa na baadhi ya washindani. Januari 2010, Dodd alitangaza kuwa hatagombea uchaguzi tena.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> Nafasi ya Dodd iliweza kurithiwa na mwanademokrasia [[Richard Blumenthal]]. Badae Dodd aliweza kutumikia kama mwenyekiti na [[mshawishi wabunge]] mkuu wa kampuni ya [[Motion Pictures Association of America]] (MPAA) kuanzia mwaka 2011 mpaka kufikia mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203.v1|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Los Angeles Times Festival of Books Royce Hall, UCLA|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1bkm623.4|work=I Told You So|pages=13–26|publisher=OR Books|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> Kwenye mwaka 2018, Dodd alirudi katika kazi ya uanasheria na kujiunga na kampuni ya [[Arnold na Porter]]. Zaidi ya kuwa mwanachama wa ReFormers Caucus ya "IssueOne", Dodd alikuwa mshauri wa karibu wa raisi [[Joe Biden]] na akatumikia katika kamati ya kumteua mgombea kwa nafasi ya makamu wa raisi wa Marekani.<ref>{{Citation|last=George Peel|first=Hon.|title=The Caucus Takes Charge|date=2017-10-10|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315098890-9|work=The Tariff Reformers|pages=151–164|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-09889-0|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=CROWN-PRINCE RETRIEVED: LIFE AT CUSTRIN NOVEMBER 1730-FEBRUARY 1732|date=2010-11-11|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511694677.004|work=The Works of Thomas Carlyle|pages=342–406|publisher=Cambridge University Press|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:CSW CHSS]] 9md6dv6ht8em9udejmodb8sve9464az 1241259 1241258 2022-08-08T20:58:09Z Kipala 107 /* Marejeo */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Christopher Dodd official portrait 2-cropped.jpg|thumb|'''Chris Dodd''']] '''Christopher John Dodd''' (amezaliwa mnamo May 27 ya mwaka, 1944) ni [[mwanasheria]] wa [[Marekani]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani|chama cha kidemokrasia]] ambaye aliweza kutumikia kama [[Senati (Marekani)|seneta]] kutokea [[Connecticut]] kuanzia mwaka 1981 mpaka mwaka 2011. Dodd ni seneta aliyetumikia kwa muda mrefu katika historia ya jimbo la Connecticut. Kabla ya kuwa seneta, alitumikia katika [[Nyumba ya Wawakilishi ya Marekani|bunge la Wawakilishi wa Marekani]] kuanzia mwaka 1975 mpaka mwaka 1981. Dodd ni mwenyeji wa Connecticut na muhitimu katika shule ya Georgetown kule [[Bethesda, Maryland|Bethesda]], [[Maryland]] na katika [[chuo cha Providence]]. Baba yake [[Thomas J. Dodd]] alikuwa pia ni seneta wa marekani kuanzia mwaka 1959 mpaka mwaka 1971. Chris Dodd alitumikia katika [[Peace Corps]] kwa miaka miwili kabla ya kujiunga na [[chuo kikuu cha sharia cha Louisville]] na katika kipindi cha masomo ya sheria alitumikia katika jeshi la hifadhi la kimarekani. Dodd alirudi Connecticut ambapo alishinda uchaguzi wa mwaka 1974 kwa bunge la Wawakilishi wa Marekani kutoka katika jimbo la pili la Connecticut alirudishwa tena mnamo mwaka 1976 na mwaka 1978. Alifaulu kuchaguliwa katika [[Senati (Marekani)|senati]] ya Marekani mnamo mwaka 1997. Dodd alitumikia kama mwenyekiti wa kamati kuu ya Chama cha Kidemokrasia kuanzia mwaka 1995 mpaka mnamo mwaka 1997. Alitumikia kama mwenyekiti wa kamati ya benki ya seneti kuanzia mwaka 2007 mpaka kufikia kustaafu kwake katika siasa.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2007-11-22|title=Financial Markets Highlights November 2007|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|journal=Financial Market Trends|volume=2007|issue=2|pages=11–25|doi=10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|issn=0378-651X}}</ref> mwaka 2006 Dodd alifanya uamuzi wa kugombea [[uteuzi wa kidemokrasia]] wakuwa mgombea uraisi Marekani katika chama cha kidemokrasia, lakini aliweza kujiengua baada ya kuonekana kuzidiwa na baadhi ya washindani. Januari 2010, Dodd alitangaza kuwa hatagombea uchaguzi tena.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> Nafasi ya Dodd iliweza kurithiwa na mwanademokrasia [[Richard Blumenthal]]. Badae Dodd aliweza kutumikia kama mwenyekiti na [[mshawishi wabunge]] mkuu wa kampuni ya [[Motion Pictures Association of America]] (MPAA) kuanzia mwaka 2011 mpaka kufikia mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203.v1|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Los Angeles Times Festival of Books Royce Hall, UCLA|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1bkm623.4|work=I Told You So|pages=13–26|publisher=OR Books|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> Kwenye mwaka 2018, Dodd alirudi katika kazi ya uanasheria na kujiunga na kampuni ya [[Arnold na Porter]]. Zaidi ya kuwa mwanachama wa ReFormers Caucus ya "IssueOne", Dodd alikuwa mshauri wa karibu wa raisi [[Joe Biden]] na akatumikia katika kamati ya kumteua mgombea kwa nafasi ya makamu wa raisi wa Marekani.<ref>{{Citation|last=George Peel|first=Hon.|title=The Caucus Takes Charge|date=2017-10-10|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315098890-9|work=The Tariff Reformers|pages=151–164|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-09889-0|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=CROWN-PRINCE RETRIEVED: LIFE AT CUSTRIN NOVEMBER 1730-FEBRUARY 1732|date=2010-11-11|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511694677.004|work=The Works of Thomas Carlyle|pages=342–406|publisher=Cambridge University Press|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Senati (Marekani)]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Conneticut]] po9dh7anbzbl4wue4ts5q218dp4ifj9 1241260 1241259 2022-08-08T20:58:32Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Christopher Dodd official portrait 2-cropped.jpg|thumb|'''Chris Dodd''']] '''Christopher John Dodd''' (amezaliwa mnamo May 27 ya mwaka, 1944) ni [[mwanasheria]] wa [[Marekani]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani|chama cha kidemokrasia]] ambaye aliweza kutumikia kama [[Senati (Marekani)|seneta]] kutokea [[Connecticut]] kuanzia mwaka 1981 mpaka mwaka 2011. Dodd ni seneta aliyetumikia kwa muda mrefu katika historia ya jimbo la Connecticut. Kabla ya kuwa seneta, alitumikia katika [[Nyumba ya Wawakilishi ya Marekani|bunge la Wawakilishi wa Marekani]] kuanzia mwaka 1975 mpaka mwaka 1981. Dodd ni mwenyeji wa Connecticut na muhitimu katika shule ya Georgetown kule [[Bethesda, Maryland|Bethesda]], [[Maryland]] na katika [[chuo cha Providence]]. Baba yake [[Thomas J. Dodd]] alikuwa pia ni seneta wa marekani kuanzia mwaka 1959 mpaka mwaka 1971. Chris Dodd alitumikia katika [[Peace Corps]] kwa miaka miwili kabla ya kujiunga na [[chuo kikuu cha sharia cha Louisville]] na katika kipindi cha masomo ya sheria alitumikia katika jeshi la hifadhi la kimarekani. Dodd alirudi Connecticut ambapo alishinda uchaguzi wa mwaka 1974 kwa bunge la Wawakilishi wa Marekani kutoka katika jimbo la pili la Connecticut alirudishwa tena mnamo mwaka 1976 na mwaka 1978. Alifaulu kuchaguliwa katika [[Senati (Marekani)|senati]] ya Marekani mnamo mwaka 1997. Dodd alitumikia kama mwenyekiti wa kamati kuu ya Chama cha Kidemokrasia kuanzia mwaka 1995 mpaka mnamo mwaka 1997. Alitumikia kama mwenyekiti wa kamati ya benki ya seneti kuanzia mwaka 2007 mpaka kufikia kustaafu kwake katika siasa.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2007-11-22|title=Financial Markets Highlights November 2007|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|journal=Financial Market Trends|volume=2007|issue=2|pages=11–25|doi=10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|issn=0378-651X}}</ref> mwaka 2006 Dodd alifanya uamuzi wa kugombea [[uteuzi wa kidemokrasia]] wakuwa mgombea uraisi Marekani katika chama cha kidemokrasia, lakini aliweza kujiengua baada ya kuonekana kuzidiwa na baadhi ya washindani. Januari 2010, Dodd alitangaza kuwa hatagombea uchaguzi tena.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> Nafasi ya Dodd iliweza kurithiwa na mwanademokrasia [[Richard Blumenthal]]. Badae Dodd aliweza kutumikia kama mwenyekiti na [[mshawishi wabunge]] mkuu wa kampuni ya [[Motion Pictures Association of America]] (MPAA) kuanzia mwaka 2011 mpaka kufikia mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203.v1|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Los Angeles Times Festival of Books Royce Hall, UCLA|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1bkm623.4|work=I Told You So|pages=13–26|publisher=OR Books|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> Kwenye mwaka 2018, Dodd alirudi katika kazi ya uanasheria na kujiunga na kampuni ya [[Arnold na Porter]]. Zaidi ya kuwa mwanachama wa ReFormers Caucus ya "IssueOne", Dodd alikuwa mshauri wa karibu wa raisi [[Joe Biden]] na akatumikia katika kamati ya kumteua mgombea kwa nafasi ya makamu wa raisi wa Marekani.<ref>{{Citation|last=George Peel|first=Hon.|title=The Caucus Takes Charge|date=2017-10-10|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315098890-9|work=The Tariff Reformers|pages=151–164|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-09889-0|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=CROWN-PRINCE RETRIEVED: LIFE AT CUSTRIN NOVEMBER 1730-FEBRUARY 1732|date=2010-11-11|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511694677.004|work=The Works of Thomas Carlyle|pages=342–406|publisher=Cambridge University Press|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Senati (Marekani)]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Connecticut]] pvp9734v7ze98aoo009ix7szj8mmwoj 1241420 1241260 2022-08-09T07:46:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Christopher Dodd official portrait 2-cropped.jpg|thumb|'''Chris Dodd''']] '''Christopher John Dodd''' (amezaliwa 27 Mei [[1944]]) ni [[mwanasheria]] wa [[Marekani]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani|chama cha kidemokrasia]] ambaye aliweza kutumikia kama [[Senati (Marekani)|seneta]] kutokea [[Connecticut]] kuanzia mwaka 1981 mpaka mwaka 2011. Dodd ni seneta aliyetumikia kwa muda mrefu katika historia ya jimbo la Connecticut. Kabla ya kuwa seneta, alitumikia katika [[Nyumba ya Wawakilishi ya Marekani|bunge la Wawakilishi wa Marekani]] kuanzia mwaka 1975 mpaka mwaka 1981. Dodd ni mwenyeji wa Connecticut na muhitimu katika shule ya Georgetown kule [[Bethesda, Maryland|Bethesda]], [[Maryland]] na katika [[chuo cha Providence]]. Baba yake [[Thomas J. Dodd]] alikuwa pia ni seneta wa marekani kuanzia mwaka 1959 mpaka mwaka 1971. Chris Dodd alitumikia katika [[Peace Corps]] kwa miaka miwili kabla ya kujiunga na [[chuo kikuu cha sharia cha Louisville]] na katika kipindi cha masomo ya sheria alitumikia katika jeshi la hifadhi la kimarekani. Dodd alirudi Connecticut ambapo alishinda uchaguzi wa mwaka 1974 kwa bunge la Wawakilishi wa Marekani kutoka katika jimbo la pili la Connecticut alirudishwa tena mnamo mwaka 1976 na mwaka 1978. Alifaulu kuchaguliwa katika [[Senati (Marekani)|senati]] ya Marekani mnamo mwaka 1997. Dodd alitumikia kama mwenyekiti wa kamati kuu ya Chama cha Kidemokrasia kuanzia mwaka 1995 mpaka mnamo mwaka 1997. Alitumikia kama mwenyekiti wa kamati ya benki ya seneti kuanzia mwaka 2007 mpaka kufikia kustaafu kwake katika siasa.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2007-11-22|title=Financial Markets Highlights November 2007|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|journal=Financial Market Trends|volume=2007|issue=2|pages=11–25|doi=10.1787/fmt-v2007-art12-en|issn=0378-651X}}</ref> mwaka 2006 Dodd alifanya uamuzi wa kugombea [[uteuzi wa kidemokrasia]] wakuwa mgombea uraisi Marekani katika chama cha kidemokrasia, lakini aliweza kujiengua baada ya kuonekana kuzidiwa na baadhi ya washindani. Januari 2010, Dodd alitangaza kuwa hatagombea tena.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> Nafasi ya Dodd iliweza kurithiwa na mwanademokrasia [[Richard Blumenthal]]. Badae Dodd aliweza kutumikia kama mwenyekiti na [[mshawishi wabunge]] mkuu wa kampuni ya [[Motion Pictures Association of America]] (MPAA) kuanzia mwaka 2011 mpaka kufikia mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Post Monthly Poll, March 2010|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr30203.v1|work=ICPSR Data Holdings|date=2011-05-05|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Los Angeles Times Festival of Books Royce Hall, UCLA|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1bkm623.4|work=I Told You So|pages=13–26|publisher=OR Books|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> Kwenye mwaka 2018, Dodd alirudi katika kazi ya uanasheria na kujiunga na kampuni ya [[Arnold na Porter]]. Zaidi ya kuwa mwanachama wa ReFormers Caucus ya "IssueOne", Dodd alikuwa mshauri wa karibu wa raisi [[Joe Biden]] na akatumikia katika kamati ya kumteua mgombea kwa nafasi ya makamu wa raisi wa Marekani.<ref>{{Citation|last=George Peel|first=Hon.|title=The Caucus Takes Charge|date=2017-10-10|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315098890-9|work=The Tariff Reformers|pages=151–164|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-09889-0|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=CROWN-PRINCE RETRIEVED: LIFE AT CUSTRIN NOVEMBER 1730-FEBRUARY 1732|date=2010-11-11|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511694677.004|work=The Works of Thomas Carlyle|pages=342–406|publisher=Cambridge University Press|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Senati (Marekani)]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Connecticut]] ip9qkqn9kfvjt0siu8wuyjhg6gkc4ch Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Sigitaspetraitis 3 156060 1241236 2022-08-08T19:20:05Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 19:19, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) c9ql126xv6wk7iye7jy8cxsrtwjkmev Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:João Borges Braga 3 156061 1241237 2022-08-08T19:20:20Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 19:20, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 2awb5ul3ernqqi5vi50im6tjkdqbsw8 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:LBCyom 3 156062 1241238 2022-08-08T19:20:36Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 19:20, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 2awb5ul3ernqqi5vi50im6tjkdqbsw8 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ImJustThere2021 3 156063 1241239 2022-08-08T19:20:55Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 19:20, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 2awb5ul3ernqqi5vi50im6tjkdqbsw8 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hakikilemonya 3 156064 1241240 2022-08-08T19:21:24Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 19:21, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) mv4z5oiyzh8bou1z4no3pdj0z5lxazt Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Fahadsaid12 3 156065 1241241 2022-08-08T19:22:30Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 19:22, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) c0mv7vijvo68vo1nq506a66gs130k2i Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MAINGIPEDIA 3 156066 1241242 2022-08-08T19:23:02Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 19:23, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 406w78cww3ywwmkp505lufsu0naecos Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ArmushM 3 156067 1241243 2022-08-08T19:24:54Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 19:24, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) lkglovxycdu0u4097rhjx7vv88hccvb Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ficial.in 3 156068 1241244 2022-08-08T19:25:06Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 19:25, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) jbm6rz6mxqahyh2yz1mol8fy9t5ma7y Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Fabro 3 156069 1241245 2022-08-08T19:25:14Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 19:25, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) jbm6rz6mxqahyh2yz1mol8fy9t5ma7y Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Puppe100 3 156070 1241246 2022-08-08T19:25:23Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 19:25, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) jbm6rz6mxqahyh2yz1mol8fy9t5ma7y Jamii:Watu wa Connecticut 14 156071 1241261 2022-08-08T20:59:06Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Coonecticut]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Coonecticut]] npa36q6kgpwevmd5oj7es2n1xwk4u68 1241262 1241261 2022-08-08T20:59:26Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Connecticut]] 55nu3pgv28kfojsbyq2yw4qvs3rxe8y Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Abrezkiddy 3 156072 1241263 2022-08-08T21:57:31Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 21:57, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) dh7rvzf2dewcx5iszn9trjskd7rpzvf Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:St.nerol 3 156073 1241264 2022-08-08T21:57:46Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 21:57, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) dh7rvzf2dewcx5iszn9trjskd7rpzvf Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Caseyology101 3 156074 1241265 2022-08-08T21:58:14Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 21:58, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 7k9si8cb929lzqjzkv732a3ajevbco2 1241267 1241265 2022-08-08T21:58:48Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 21:58, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 29uqe3q3jvt3bbx0uirrgtk3pcdslsh Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:LucasPartenze9 3 156075 1241266 2022-08-08T21:58:19Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 21:58, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 7k9si8cb929lzqjzkv732a3ajevbco2 1241268 1241266 2022-08-08T21:59:57Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 21:59, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 3m4921w3sv0h5z9hfcff47o826a6jz9 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Abestic9 3 156076 1241269 2022-08-08T22:00:18Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:00, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) fkj7vbspj7keofyxxjdnzbt06h52krc Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Immadamas 3 156077 1241270 2022-08-08T22:00:45Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:00, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) fkj7vbspj7keofyxxjdnzbt06h52krc Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gsueso2 3 156078 1241271 2022-08-08T22:00:56Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:00, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) fkj7vbspj7keofyxxjdnzbt06h52krc Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kahastok 3 156079 1241272 2022-08-08T22:01:03Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:01, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) hdixd0qz0tzc6gvck3exnfq19rd04ez Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Godlimonger 3 156080 1241273 2022-08-08T22:01:11Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:01, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) hdixd0qz0tzc6gvck3exnfq19rd04ez Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Nicolai P. 3 156081 1241274 2022-08-08T22:01:40Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:01, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) hdixd0qz0tzc6gvck3exnfq19rd04ez Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Khalitoh 3 156082 1241275 2022-08-08T22:01:48Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:01, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) hdixd0qz0tzc6gvck3exnfq19rd04ez Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Beef competence 3 156083 1241276 2022-08-08T22:01:57Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:01, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) hdixd0qz0tzc6gvck3exnfq19rd04ez Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rupeliano 3 156084 1241277 2022-08-08T22:02:07Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:02, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 7bwqedb5avwhy0pqrok6jpoc4qazezz Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Sallu Peter 3 156085 1241278 2022-08-08T22:02:19Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:02, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 7bwqedb5avwhy0pqrok6jpoc4qazezz Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Samweli byalelo 3 156086 1241279 2022-08-08T22:02:28Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:02, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 7bwqedb5avwhy0pqrok6jpoc4qazezz Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mloko OG 3 156087 1241280 2022-08-08T22:02:40Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:02, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 7bwqedb5avwhy0pqrok6jpoc4qazezz Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mariobanana 3 156088 1241281 2022-08-08T22:03:20Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:03, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) roiu8zwtskejj2ryy73j6akejuoebma Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Arda Xi 3 156089 1241282 2022-08-08T22:03:29Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:03, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) roiu8zwtskejj2ryy73j6akejuoebma Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Styrphid Fox 3 156090 1241283 2022-08-08T22:03:40Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:03, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) roiu8zwtskejj2ryy73j6akejuoebma Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Djuma Nasibu Bayile 3 156091 1241284 2022-08-08T22:03:55Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:03, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) roiu8zwtskejj2ryy73j6akejuoebma Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:トシユキオオモリ 3 156092 1241285 2022-08-08T22:04:07Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:04, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) alpbunkqnhm0u3zwx0sw4lt8nrxr1zb Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Martin Rulsch (WMDE) 3 156093 1241286 2022-08-08T22:04:23Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:04, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) alpbunkqnhm0u3zwx0sw4lt8nrxr1zb Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ajwi17 3 156094 1241287 2022-08-08T22:05:01Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:05, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) gh8cvsir9xdo9jdpgy449y0bxgnz3di Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:DanielD8513 3 156095 1241288 2022-08-08T22:05:10Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:05, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) gh8cvsir9xdo9jdpgy449y0bxgnz3di Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:寒吉 3 156096 1241289 2022-08-08T22:05:19Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:05, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) gh8cvsir9xdo9jdpgy449y0bxgnz3di Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mkila Smoke 3 156097 1241290 2022-08-08T22:05:28Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:05, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) gh8cvsir9xdo9jdpgy449y0bxgnz3di Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wildbaobab2022 3 156098 1241291 2022-08-08T22:05:49Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:05, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) gh8cvsir9xdo9jdpgy449y0bxgnz3di Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Johnson.Xia 3 156099 1241292 2022-08-08T22:06:01Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:06, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) cswei9r6ot8tw1poxzfv7wox2mc00e6 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Monmb 3 156100 1241293 2022-08-08T22:06:38Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:06, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) cswei9r6ot8tw1poxzfv7wox2mc00e6 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Exilexi 3 156101 1241294 2022-08-08T22:06:46Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:06, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) cswei9r6ot8tw1poxzfv7wox2mc00e6 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:I am evarist 3 156102 1241295 2022-08-08T22:06:54Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:06, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) cswei9r6ot8tw1poxzfv7wox2mc00e6 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:PGorka 3 156103 1241296 2022-08-08T22:07:01Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:07, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 59um91881esx3yvnfhu91981smo7qv2 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AntonSavitski 3 156104 1241297 2022-08-08T22:07:11Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:07, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 59um91881esx3yvnfhu91981smo7qv2 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Raymondslome 3 156105 1241298 2022-08-08T22:07:24Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:07, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 59um91881esx3yvnfhu91981smo7qv2 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Twizeyimana florbert 3 156106 1241299 2022-08-08T22:07:52Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:07, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 59um91881esx3yvnfhu91981smo7qv2 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Akira CA 3 156107 1241300 2022-08-08T22:08:05Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:08, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) r6c2s4rge66ffnzzh2qvahuu3cbhyx5 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:100koda 3 156108 1241301 2022-08-08T22:08:36Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:08, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) r6c2s4rge66ffnzzh2qvahuu3cbhyx5 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Yvince 3 156109 1241302 2022-08-08T22:08:57Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:08, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) r6c2s4rge66ffnzzh2qvahuu3cbhyx5 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:StephenNdegwa 3 156110 1241303 2022-08-08T22:09:18Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:09, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 25get1m6i3ev7e94uhajkjzpq7w87nh Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:SofiaChanUwU 3 156111 1241304 2022-08-08T22:09:37Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:09, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 25get1m6i3ev7e94uhajkjzpq7w87nh Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Maksnet1977 3 156112 1241305 2022-08-08T22:10:02Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:10, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) cr0i7ap9v33trvng28oyd9febk3x0ez Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:WayneToorm 3 156113 1241306 2022-08-08T22:10:14Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:10, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) cr0i7ap9v33trvng28oyd9febk3x0ez Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ՆարԹադ 3 156114 1241307 2022-08-08T22:10:31Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:10, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) cr0i7ap9v33trvng28oyd9febk3x0ez Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:PrestigiousPreston 3 156115 1241308 2022-08-08T22:10:49Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:10, 8 Agosti 2022 (UTC) cr0i7ap9v33trvng28oyd9febk3x0ez Mary I wa England 0 156116 1241309 2022-08-08T22:18:55Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Mary I wa Uingereza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Mary I wa Uingereza]] 272xl5uhhj7xifxx56kk1u8h4r21348 Kibajuni 0 156117 1241311 2022-08-08T22:53:17Z Kahabi Assa 55366 chapisho jipya wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bajuni('''[[kibajuni]]),pia kinajulikana kama '''Tikulu'''([[Tikuu]]),Ni maneno tofauti tafouti(lugha tofauti tofauti) ya kiswahili inayozungumzwa na watu wanaojulikana kama [[Bajuni|Wajuni]] wanao miliki sehemu ya eneo la visiwa vya [[bajuni]] na eneo la pwwani ya kenya,pamoja na baadhi ya maeneo ya kusini mwa [[somalia]] yanayojumuiisha makundi machache ya makabila mbalimbali.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203191542/http://goto.glocalnet.net/mahopapers/nuglonline.pdf|work=web.archive.org|date=2018-02-03|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qa4wDwAAQBAJ&q=nurse+hinnebusch+swahili&pg=PR19|title=Swahili and Sabaki: A Linguistic History|last=Nurse|first=Derek|last2=Hinnebusch|first2=Thomas J.|last3=Philipson|first3=Gérard|date=1993|publisher=Univ of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-09775-9|language=en}}</ref>Maho(2009) anaichukulia [[kibajuni]] kama lugha tofauti,lakini Nurse pamoja na Hinnebusch(1993)wameichukulia kama [[lugha]] ya kaskazini mwa eneo la [[waswahili]]. == marejeo == [[Jamii:Somalia]] [[Jamii:Pwaini ya kenya]] mw2pnqt5hkwa8agb94uko3jmo5tkx2b 1241421 1241311 2022-08-09T07:48:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Bajuni lugha]] hadi [[Kibajuni]]: usahihi wa jina wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bajuni('''[[kibajuni]]),pia kinajulikana kama '''Tikulu'''([[Tikuu]]),Ni maneno tofauti tafouti(lugha tofauti tofauti) ya kiswahili inayozungumzwa na watu wanaojulikana kama [[Bajuni|Wajuni]] wanao miliki sehemu ya eneo la visiwa vya [[bajuni]] na eneo la pwwani ya kenya,pamoja na baadhi ya maeneo ya kusini mwa [[somalia]] yanayojumuiisha makundi machache ya makabila mbalimbali.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203191542/http://goto.glocalnet.net/mahopapers/nuglonline.pdf|work=web.archive.org|date=2018-02-03|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qa4wDwAAQBAJ&q=nurse+hinnebusch+swahili&pg=PR19|title=Swahili and Sabaki: A Linguistic History|last=Nurse|first=Derek|last2=Hinnebusch|first2=Thomas J.|last3=Philipson|first3=Gérard|date=1993|publisher=Univ of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-09775-9|language=en}}</ref>Maho(2009) anaichukulia [[kibajuni]] kama lugha tofauti,lakini Nurse pamoja na Hinnebusch(1993)wameichukulia kama [[lugha]] ya kaskazini mwa eneo la [[waswahili]]. == marejeo == [[Jamii:Somalia]] [[Jamii:Pwaini ya kenya]] mw2pnqt5hkwa8agb94uko3jmo5tkx2b 1241423 1241421 2022-08-09T07:52:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kibajuni''' (pia kinajulikana kama [[Tikuu|Kitikulu]]) ni [[lahaja]] ya [[Kiswahili]] inayozungumzwa na watu wanaojulikana kama [[Wabajuni]] wanaomiliki sehemu ya eneo la [[Kisiwa|visiwa]] vya [[Bajuni]] na eneo la [[pwani]] ya [[Kenya]], pamoja na baadhi ya maeneo ya [[kusini]] mwa [[Somalia]] yanayojumuiisha [[kundi|makundi]] machache ya [[Kabila|makabila]] mbalimbali.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203191542/http://goto.glocalnet.net/mahopapers/nuglonline.pdf|work=web.archive.org|date=2018-02-03|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qa4wDwAAQBAJ&q=nurse+hinnebusch+swahili&pg=PR19|title=Swahili and Sabaki: A Linguistic History|last=Nurse|first=Derek|last2=Hinnebusch|first2=Thomas J.|last3=Philipson|first3=Gérard|date=1993|publisher=Univ of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-09775-9|language=en}}</ref> Maho (2009) anaichukulia Kibajuni kama lugha ya pekee, lakini Nurse pamoja na Hinnebusch (1993) wameichukulia kama lahaja ya [[kaskazini]] mwa eneo la [[Waswahili]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:lugha za Somalia]] [[Jamii:Lugha za Kenya]] [[Jamii:Kiswahili]] 14pz439cthyvkcjijmfq7oxcyok3506 1241475 1241423 2022-08-09T10:48:02Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kibajuni''' (pia kinajulikana kama [[Tikuu|Kitikulu]]) ni [[lahaja]] ya [[Kiswahili]] inayozungumzwa na watu wanaojulikana kama [[Wabajuni]] wanaomiliki sehemu ya eneo la [[Kisiwa|visiwa]] vya [[Bajuni]] na eneo la [[pwani]] ya [[Kenya]], pamoja na baadhi ya maeneo ya [[kusini]] mwa [[Somalia]] yanayojumuiisha [[kundi|makundi]] machache ya [[Kabila|makabila]] mbalimbali.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203191542/http://goto.glocalnet.net/mahopapers/nuglonline.pdf|work=web.archive.org|date=2018-02-03|accessdate=2022-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qa4wDwAAQBAJ&q=nurse+hinnebusch+swahili&pg=PR19|title=Swahili and Sabaki: A Linguistic History|last=Nurse|first=Derek|last2=Hinnebusch|first2=Thomas J.|last3=Philipson|first3=Gérard|date=1993|publisher=Univ of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-09775-9|language=en}}</ref> Maho ([[2009]]) anaichukulia Kibajuni kama lugha ya pekee, lakini Nurse pamoja na Hinnebusch ([[1993]]) wameichukulia kama lahaja ya [[kaskazini]] mwa eneo la [[Waswahili]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:lugha za Somalia]] [[Jamii:Lugha za Kenya]] [[Jamii:Kiswahili]] dnvp32etjqwe2a4e7yhlk5r7a1fhp2x Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Leviskipchumba 3 156119 1241315 2022-08-09T06:55:22Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 06:55, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) m4b8ju58n2x0tts21w6jissyqntvx50 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Asmcontent 3 156120 1241316 2022-08-09T06:55:32Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 06:55, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) m4b8ju58n2x0tts21w6jissyqntvx50 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:The missing apple bite 3 156121 1241317 2022-08-09T06:55:45Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 06:55, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) m4b8ju58n2x0tts21w6jissyqntvx50 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Proserfina Paul 3 156122 1241318 2022-08-09T06:55:55Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 06:55, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) m4b8ju58n2x0tts21w6jissyqntvx50 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Shirpaaal 3 156123 1241319 2022-08-09T06:56:08Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 06:56, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) o0b3ymu9gq4hfk6a86hkiie18rjunzz Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Thylacinus cynocephalus 3 156124 1241320 2022-08-09T06:56:26Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 06:56, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) o0b3ymu9gq4hfk6a86hkiie18rjunzz Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Vanessa dos Santos Garcia 3 156125 1241321 2022-08-09T06:56:38Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 06:56, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) o0b3ymu9gq4hfk6a86hkiie18rjunzz Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Horchatamivida 3 156126 1241322 2022-08-09T06:56:49Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 06:56, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) o0b3ymu9gq4hfk6a86hkiie18rjunzz Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Thabit971 3 156127 1241323 2022-08-09T07:01:09Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:01, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 5bkx6mts53w3cri6ikh69ooyxls2jxn Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MAKWENZI MULLER 3 156128 1241324 2022-08-09T07:01:24Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:01, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 5bkx6mts53w3cri6ikh69ooyxls2jxn Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rodney Araujo 3 156129 1241325 2022-08-09T07:01:36Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:01, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 5bkx6mts53w3cri6ikh69ooyxls2jxn Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Look'd Up 3 156130 1241326 2022-08-09T07:01:57Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:01, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 5bkx6mts53w3cri6ikh69ooyxls2jxn Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:VRoberts21 3 156131 1241327 2022-08-09T07:02:07Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:02, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) e25i2ta13tmgnkr3jvtyuynn5cx3fbt Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mkolwe 3 156132 1241328 2022-08-09T07:02:21Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:02, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) e25i2ta13tmgnkr3jvtyuynn5cx3fbt Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gpmat 3 156133 1241329 2022-08-09T07:02:31Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:02, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) e25i2ta13tmgnkr3jvtyuynn5cx3fbt Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Beireke1 3 156134 1241330 2022-08-09T07:02:45Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:02, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) e25i2ta13tmgnkr3jvtyuynn5cx3fbt Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Moneytrees 3 156135 1241331 2022-08-09T07:03:17Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:03, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 5eut01cqbtr1odyytiapyyz4374fqu9 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Chaosmuppeteer 3 156136 1241332 2022-08-09T07:03:30Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:03, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 5eut01cqbtr1odyytiapyyz4374fqu9 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bananz0 3 156137 1241333 2022-08-09T07:03:42Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:03, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 5eut01cqbtr1odyytiapyyz4374fqu9 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:BHeyi 3 156138 1241334 2022-08-09T07:04:03Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:04, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 4evldlty6yz856hr5xgtuu30sej1d4u Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Luna Scamandro-Lovegood 3 156139 1241335 2022-08-09T07:04:17Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:04, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 4evldlty6yz856hr5xgtuu30sej1d4u Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tozina 3 156140 1241336 2022-08-09T07:04:53Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:04, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 4evldlty6yz856hr5xgtuu30sej1d4u Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mwita Ramadhan 3 156141 1241337 2022-08-09T07:05:16Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:05, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ak1kpqrk2w1z5gi1bvvgq1bjc2wf184 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:JigSaw8398 3 156142 1241338 2022-08-09T07:05:38Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:05, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ak1kpqrk2w1z5gi1bvvgq1bjc2wf184 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:SpitefulCannoli 3 156143 1241339 2022-08-09T07:05:59Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:05, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ak1kpqrk2w1z5gi1bvvgq1bjc2wf184 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Abdulrazaki mkanji 3 156144 1241340 2022-08-09T07:06:18Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:06, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 5qmkiymlttoptbha9twnggm9hg4vwy3 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Albert Celestine 3 156145 1241341 2022-08-09T07:06:49Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:06, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 5qmkiymlttoptbha9twnggm9hg4vwy3 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ravinder3790 3 156146 1241342 2022-08-09T07:07:10Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:07, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 4ymts2trm1dvybh008twvtv3o06o23j Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:OTiltLS 3 156147 1241343 2022-08-09T07:10:48Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:10, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 5d0j328v3ufcukrqvwr2hu51v0cbv06 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Euskalnat 3 156148 1241344 2022-08-09T07:11:03Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:11, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) olmvpoc5q7p73bntclc6s9csirefv1a Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MarkWhiter 3 156149 1241345 2022-08-09T07:11:14Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:11, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) olmvpoc5q7p73bntclc6s9csirefv1a Something Necessary(filamu) 0 156150 1241347 2022-08-09T07:11:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Something Necessary(filamu)]] hadi [[Something Necessary (filamu)]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Something Necessary (filamu)]] e2t2c6sa39yaclbeitp7ehz23jpk5gy Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AgisdeSparte 3 156151 1241348 2022-08-09T07:11:25Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:11, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) olmvpoc5q7p73bntclc6s9csirefv1a Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kaklen 3 156152 1241349 2022-08-09T07:11:44Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:11, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) olmvpoc5q7p73bntclc6s9csirefv1a Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Lanaerys 3 156153 1241350 2022-08-09T07:11:56Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:11, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) olmvpoc5q7p73bntclc6s9csirefv1a Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Apocsword 3 156154 1241351 2022-08-09T07:12:13Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:12, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) olw1d7114ghhiki91taq7iz9z8oxt9a Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Timotius Silitonga 3 156155 1241352 2022-08-09T07:12:35Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:12, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) olw1d7114ghhiki91taq7iz9z8oxt9a Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Daoistpunk69 3 156156 1241353 2022-08-09T07:12:45Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:12, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) olw1d7114ghhiki91taq7iz9z8oxt9a Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jacqke 3 156157 1241354 2022-08-09T07:12:54Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:12, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) olw1d7114ghhiki91taq7iz9z8oxt9a Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Adbouz 3 156158 1241355 2022-08-09T07:13:06Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:13, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 0mf1i39bah3d02olnwymaki2bsezejv Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Innocentpi 3 156159 1241357 2022-08-09T07:13:25Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:13, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 0mf1i39bah3d02olnwymaki2bsezejv Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Chiveloko14 3 156160 1241358 2022-08-09T07:13:36Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:13, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 0mf1i39bah3d02olnwymaki2bsezejv Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mukomya Stuart 3 156161 1241359 2022-08-09T07:14:41Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:14, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) niy76afctf21zklz1ic1j078mypfywp Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Firdavs Kulolov 3 156162 1241360 2022-08-09T07:15:11Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:15, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 2nc27s47rl2whaixma0mecapc5pd7y8 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:PRTelecel 3 156163 1241361 2022-08-09T07:15:24Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:15, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 2nc27s47rl2whaixma0mecapc5pd7y8 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Irmania 3 156164 1241362 2022-08-09T07:22:27Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:22, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 5ux87d1apdpnkmtz8dazcvu9l65yljn Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Sweetmango007 3 156165 1241363 2022-08-09T07:22:44Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:22, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 5ux87d1apdpnkmtz8dazcvu9l65yljn Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bikuta Danh 3 156166 1241364 2022-08-09T07:22:58Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:22, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 5ux87d1apdpnkmtz8dazcvu9l65yljn Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Cerevisae 3 156167 1241365 2022-08-09T07:23:58Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:23, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 0ot5959yfekswco0cak1kablzerziio Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kevoo1952 3 156168 1241366 2022-08-09T07:24:19Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:24, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) o2j90r3qlbfuhpaxau1k9slvh9vc62v Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Paw Fum 3 156169 1241367 2022-08-09T07:24:34Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:24, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) o2j90r3qlbfuhpaxau1k9slvh9vc62v 1241390 1241367 2022-08-09T07:33:59Z 41.222.181.223 /* Paw Fum */ mjadala mpya wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:24, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) == Paw Fum == Paw Fum (born in 1997) is a singer, rapper, songwriter and dancer from [[Tanzania]]. He draws inspiration from his late father and grandfather who enjoyed singing, playing and dancing. Some of his songs include 'Ooh' (2020) and 'Touch Me' (2021). [[Maalum:Michango/41.222.181.223|41.222.181.223]] 07:33, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ldkcygany3q2zhqqs8xmpyz6sulqs6c Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Violet1993 3 156170 1241368 2022-08-09T07:24:46Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:24, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) o2j90r3qlbfuhpaxau1k9slvh9vc62v Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:I2gujo 3 156171 1241369 2022-08-09T07:24:55Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:24, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) o2j90r3qlbfuhpaxau1k9slvh9vc62v Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Cicognac 3 156172 1241370 2022-08-09T07:25:07Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:25, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) mc80nadh6i160zm38nxpjg0bygvfngp Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Sarigueia 3 156173 1241371 2022-08-09T07:25:17Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:25, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) mc80nadh6i160zm38nxpjg0bygvfngp Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ericsson Mwamboje 3 156174 1241372 2022-08-09T07:25:27Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:25, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) mc80nadh6i160zm38nxpjg0bygvfngp Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zdravko Djahani 3 156175 1241373 2022-08-09T07:25:45Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:25, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) mc80nadh6i160zm38nxpjg0bygvfngp Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Four.mg 3 156176 1241374 2022-08-09T07:25:56Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:25, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) mc80nadh6i160zm38nxpjg0bygvfngp Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Michaelapratt 3 156177 1241375 2022-08-09T07:26:12Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:26, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) sbhsnfumkjv7x2fixe5anbhyr99d22y Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Callibrown97 3 156178 1241376 2022-08-09T07:26:23Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:26, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) sbhsnfumkjv7x2fixe5anbhyr99d22y Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hoanghoamoc 3 156179 1241377 2022-08-09T07:27:07Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:27, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 5ylen004tsyiav9mxpuvnqjayy1v6o9 Ali Mazrui(filamu) 0 156180 1241380 2022-08-09T07:28:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Ali Mazrui(filamu)]] hadi [[Ali Mazrui (filamu)]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ali Mazrui (filamu)]] do8hfc5ljkknvul0ldgld43kahxgagx Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ikwut 3 156181 1241381 2022-08-09T07:28:18Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:28, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) hojo2m4k71wt1ny8859vjvuuj7uehky Stories of Our Lives(filamu) 0 156182 1241383 2022-08-09T07:28:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Stories of Our Lives(filamu)]] hadi [[Stories of Our Lives]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Stories of Our Lives]] 0uh8wmgzrpae1n2v9z8apmsvig3bjfc Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:BDLR787 3 156183 1241384 2022-08-09T07:28:38Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:28, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) hojo2m4k71wt1ny8859vjvuuj7uehky Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aygun Samadova 3 156184 1241385 2022-08-09T07:29:32Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:29, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) iuyjpbczqpq93h21wux1l3ckpix8tqf Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Homo Vikipedus 3 156185 1241386 2022-08-09T07:30:25Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:29, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) iuyjpbczqpq93h21wux1l3ckpix8tqf Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tobbe s 97 3 156186 1241387 2022-08-09T07:30:51Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:30, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) p2m6jz9fpptk7fhjbp0p0vxck8gfblm Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:PorkchopGMX 3 156187 1241388 2022-08-09T07:31:06Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:31, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 6pwnj65tmf55qxgoyhbpj2owqniailo Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Arya.Khonyagar 3 156188 1241389 2022-08-09T07:31:16Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:31, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 6pwnj65tmf55qxgoyhbpj2owqniailo Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aegeou2 3 156189 1241391 2022-08-09T07:36:04Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:36, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) pi3axmswyxz1dkdq3d7cd317hs4jtas Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Permacultura 3 156190 1241392 2022-08-09T07:36:14Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:36, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) pi3axmswyxz1dkdq3d7cd317hs4jtas Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jayunga 3 156191 1241393 2022-08-09T07:36:26Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:36, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) pi3axmswyxz1dkdq3d7cd317hs4jtas Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rockmizzy 3 156192 1241394 2022-08-09T07:36:38Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:36, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) pi3axmswyxz1dkdq3d7cd317hs4jtas Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rdp060707 3 156193 1241396 2022-08-09T07:36:49Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:36, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) pi3axmswyxz1dkdq3d7cd317hs4jtas Timothy Crouse 0 156194 1241397 2022-08-09T07:36:50Z Elisha Andrews 55391 nimeogeza jamii wikitext text/x-wiki '''Timothy Crouse''' (amezaliwa mnamo mwaka 1947)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/615628871|title=Historical dictionary of political communication in the United States|date=1999|publisher=Greenwood Press|others=Guido H. Stempel, Jacqueline Nash Gifford|isbn=978-0-313-38776-0|location=Westport, Conn.|oclc=615628871}}</ref> ni mwandishi wa habari na pia mwandishi wa vitabu wa kimarekani '''Marejeo''' [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] pq7jcew6ecmviylo1ytd10sv4fda9mf 1241429 1241397 2022-08-09T07:58:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Timothy Crouse''' (amezaliwa [[1947]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/615628871|title=Historical dictionary of political communication in the United States|date=1999|publisher=Greenwood Press|others=Guido H. Stempel, Jacqueline Nash Gifford|isbn=978-0-313-38776-0|location=Westport, Conn.|oclc=615628871}}</ref> ni [[Mwanahabari|mwandishi wa habari]] na pia [[mwandishi]] wa [[Kitabu|vitabu]] wa [[Marekani]]. ==Marejeo== {{BD|1947}} [[Jamii:waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] 5vyrsopcdnkn1ls46gvntia254tjvbn 1241450 1241429 2022-08-09T10:04:09Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Timothy Crouse''' (alizaliwa [[1947]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/615628871|title=Historical dictionary of political communication in the United States|date=1999|publisher=Greenwood Press|others=Guido H. Stempel, Jacqueline Nash Gifford|isbn=978-0-313-38776-0|location=Westport, Conn.|oclc=615628871}}</ref> ni [[Mwanahabari|mwandishi wa habari]] na pia [[mwandishi]] wa [[Kitabu|vitabu]] wa [[Marekani]]. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1947}} [[Jamii:waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] p536v3oc3ciwf9mekyfdacemj8t4m6p Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Soshindano 3 156195 1241398 2022-08-09T07:37:01Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:36, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) pi3axmswyxz1dkdq3d7cd317hs4jtas Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Nzukasheka 3 156196 1241399 2022-08-09T07:37:12Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:37, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 17jpcgpwgwte2zzvz8rk7xk5qv3tbb8 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AzkaPranaja 3 156197 1241400 2022-08-09T07:37:27Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:37, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 17jpcgpwgwte2zzvz8rk7xk5qv3tbb8 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Sabula Sammy 3 156198 1241401 2022-08-09T07:37:37Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:37, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 17jpcgpwgwte2zzvz8rk7xk5qv3tbb8 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:GregorB 3 156199 1241402 2022-08-09T07:37:55Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:37, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 17jpcgpwgwte2zzvz8rk7xk5qv3tbb8 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gazetekale 3 156200 1241403 2022-08-09T07:38:15Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:38, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) hcrrgidsz05drse1zc7htecb7tpy1sx Siku Njema(riwaya) 0 156201 1241408 2022-08-09T07:40:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Siku Njema(riwaya)]] hadi [[Siku Njema (riwaya)]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Siku Njema (riwaya)]] swgj86h6a9shkxcc14jaheffelg5984 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Emmanuel Damian Kunzugala 3 156202 1241409 2022-08-09T07:40:57Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:40, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 9hz8e8gphwtguftvwpvebb3dwz4q444 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Collmean 3 156203 1241410 2022-08-09T07:41:23Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:41, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) eranmtkzaws7s0hp8g1ghp6bru4rqyh Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmygdalicGloss 3 156204 1241411 2022-08-09T07:41:34Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:41, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) eranmtkzaws7s0hp8g1ghp6bru4rqyh Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ploplo22 3 156205 1241412 2022-08-09T07:42:13Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:41, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) eranmtkzaws7s0hp8g1ghp6bru4rqyh Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edwininlondon 3 156206 1241413 2022-08-09T07:42:37Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:42, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 49rvq1sp6e576cwwmiqkccjdf9uuhy4 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Quangkhoa1502 3 156207 1241415 2022-08-09T07:43:18Z Hussein m mmbaga 52054 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:43, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) k3wlb66vxc32hc7zdg7jjk2q4dvmliu Mission to Rescue(filamu) 0 156208 1241419 2022-08-09T07:45:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Mission to Rescue(filamu)]] hadi [[Mission to Rescue]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mission to Rescue]] 83dtzd4zn8c0nvqawc94w7faz765mo6 Bajuni lugha 0 156209 1241422 2022-08-09T07:48:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Bajuni lugha]] hadi [[Kibajuni]]: usahihi wa jina wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kibajuni]] 541cleez9bwseo1bz8he58c0k19druq Something Necessary (filamu) 0 156210 1241426 2022-08-09T07:55:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Something Necessary (filamu)]] hadi [[Something Necessary]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Something Necessary]] axgfr69fuxuxcga29bry7dwl9874x63 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Elisha Andrews 3 156211 1241428 2022-08-09T07:57:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:57, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 29keacwqyxk54faorx20c3qmjfdya92 Tony D'Souza 0 156212 1241431 2022-08-09T08:16:45Z Elisha Andrews 55391 nimeongeza jamii wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tony D'Souza''' ni [[mwandishi wa riwaya]] wa kimarekani, [[Mwandishi wa habari|mwandishi wa habari,]] mwandishi wa insha, mkaguzi, msafiri na pia mwandishi wa hidithi fupi fupi. Ameweza kuchapisha riwaya takribani tatu na mchapishaji [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] ikijumuisha Whitemen ya mwaka 2006, The konkans ya mwaka (2008) na Mule ya mnamo mwaka (2011)<ref>"Carthage alumnus celebrates release of third novel". ''www.carthage.edu''. Retrieved 2019-09-03. iliingizwa 09-08-2022</ref> '''Marejeo''' [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] 5ybbngqadstz4lj011jwx8wmq3agkr3 1241433 1241431 2022-08-09T08:22:40Z Elisha Andrews 55391 Nimeongeza picha wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Tony DSouza.JPG|thumb|'''Tony D'Souza''']] '''Tony D'Souza''' ni [[mwandishi wa riwaya]] wa kimarekani, [[Mwandishi wa habari|mwandishi wa habari,]] mwandishi wa insha, mkaguzi, msafiri na pia mwandishi wa hidithi fupi fupi. Ameweza kuchapisha riwaya takribani tatu na mchapishaji [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] ikijumuisha Whitemen ya mwaka 2006, The konkans ya mwaka (2008) na Mule ya mnamo mwaka (2011)<ref>"Carthage alumnus celebrates release of third novel". ''www.carthage.edu''. Retrieved 2019-09-03. iliingizwa 09-08-2022</ref> '''Marejeo''' [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] ib8rzssglnjjsxkutv8h6cjc3wpheje 1241452 1241433 2022-08-09T10:09:18Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Tony DSouza.JPG|thumb|'''Tony D'Souza''']] '''Tony D'Souza''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[riwaya]] wa kimarekani, [[Mwandishi wa habari|mwandishi wa habari,]] mwandishi wa insha, mkaguzi, msafiri na pia mwandishi wa hidithi fupi fupi. Ameweza kuchapisha riwaya takribani tatu na mchapishaji [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] ikijumuisha Whitemen ya mwaka 2006, The konkans ya mwaka (2008) na Mule ya mnamo mwaka (2011)<ref>"Carthage alumnus celebrates release of third novel". ''www.carthage.edu''. Retrieved 2019-09-03. iliingizwa 09-08-2022</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] bm56exgleh7nr1242x2edxtfaq47dcu Robert E. Gribbin, 3rd 0 156213 1241438 2022-08-09T08:56:25Z Amaryn mtana 53527 Nimetafsiri makala wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert E. Gribbin, 3rd''' (kuzaliwa February 5,1946 [[:en:Durham,_North_Carolina|Durham, North Carolina]]) ni balozi mstaafu kwa [[Rwanda]] (1996- 1999) na [[Central African Republic]] (1993 - 1995)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Martin|first=Albro|date=1981|title=The Office of Corporate Historian: Organization and Functions|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3377728|journal=The Public Historian|volume=3|issue=3|pages=11–23|doi=10.2307/3377728|issn=0272-3433}}</ref> na mwandishi wa ''In the Aftermath of Genocide: The U. S. role in Rwanda'' [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] 0b9kcxt1fflmyoazyzi1d247k5kx8v3 1241451 1241438 2022-08-09T10:07:06Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert E. Gribbin, 3rd''' (alizaliwa February 5,1946 [[:en:Durham,_North_Carolina|Durham, North Carolina]]) ni balozi mstaafu kwa [[Rwanda]] (1996- 1999) na [[Central African Republic]] (1993 - 1995)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Martin|first=Albro|date=1981|title=The Office of Corporate Historian: Organization and Functions|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3377728|journal=The Public Historian|volume=3|issue=3|pages=11–23|doi=10.2307/3377728|issn=0272-3433}}</ref> na mwandishi wa ''In the Aftermath of Genocide: The U. S. role in Rwanda'' ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] ch0m87hnrgnho5mat683aauld49ll92 Majadiliano:Meli za mizigo 1 156214 1241443 2022-08-09T09:23:07Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '==Nguvu ya umeme== Si kwelikwamba meli za mizigo utembea kwa nguvu ya umeme. Hadi mwaka 2022 nishati hii hutumiwa kama majaribio tu. ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki ==Nguvu ya umeme== Si kwelikwamba meli za mizigo utembea kwa nguvu ya umeme. Hadi mwaka 2022 nishati hii hutumiwa kama majaribio tu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 09:23, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) cusxlnhmjgp3x35p904ubf0byurv23s Injini za dizeli 0 156215 1241446 2022-08-09T09:46:10Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Injini ya dizeli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[injini ya dizeli]] 394y42dqstd6r7h1aw5bzwuf86e9yv1 1241447 1241446 2022-08-09T09:47:49Z Kipala 107 Kipala alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Injini za diseli]] hadi [[Injini za dizeli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[injini ya dizeli]] 394y42dqstd6r7h1aw5bzwuf86e9yv1 Injini za diseli 0 156216 1241448 2022-08-09T09:47:49Z Kipala 107 Kipala alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Injini za diseli]] hadi [[Injini za dizeli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Injini za dizeli]] 7tyjcg8hi58vuwt1qvty9g1g1alpnps Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:197.186.6.185 3 156217 1241465 2022-08-09T10:24:28Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 10:24, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) chnqdmh9bv5o1pv3pp8bas61ayd42gf Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kangasepthea 3 156218 1241466 2022-08-09T10:25:52Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 10:25, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 7fdililv2ysgxsgsau4x6v3jivg03zu Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ford 3 156219 1241467 2022-08-09T10:26:27Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 10:26, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) kfsvq9rh7o3x46797mmnwokmjj0snfq Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Josef Daniel 3 156220 1241468 2022-08-09T10:26:59Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 10:26, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) kfsvq9rh7o3x46797mmnwokmjj0snfq Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Nikangurun 3 156221 1241469 2022-08-09T10:27:20Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 10:27, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) jcxhwbbemnjcfju1i2dhm47a69x9wlk Injini ya dizeli 0 156222 1241470 2022-08-09T10:36:11Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika 'Injini ya dizeli ni injini ya mwako ndani ambamo kuwaka kwa mafuta husababishwa na joto la juu linalotokana na kugandamiza hewa ndani ya silinda zake. Hii ni tofauti na injini zinazowasha mchanganyiko wa mafuta na hewa kwa njia ya heche za umeme, kama vile injini ya petroli au injini ya gesi (gesi asilia au gesi ya LPG). Injini ya diseli inahitaji kutengeneza shinikizo kali ndani yake hivyo ni imara na nzito zaidi kuliko injini ya petroli. Hap...' wikitext text/x-wiki Injini ya dizeli ni injini ya mwako ndani ambamo kuwaka kwa mafuta husababishwa na joto la juu linalotokana na kugandamiza hewa ndani ya silinda zake. Hii ni tofauti na injini zinazowasha mchanganyiko wa mafuta na hewa kwa njia ya heche za umeme, kama vile injini ya petroli au injini ya gesi (gesi asilia au gesi ya LPG). Injini ya diseli inahitaji kutengeneza shinikizo kali ndani yake hivyo ni imara na nzito zaidi kuliko injini ya petroli. Hapo awali ilitumika kama mbadala wa injini za mvuke zilizosimama . Tangu miaka ya 1910, zilitumika pia katika manowari na meli. Iliendelea kutumika katika vichwa vya treni, mabasi, malori, matrekta na majenereta ya kuzalisha umeme. Katika miaka ya nyuma mahandisi walifaulu kutengeneza pia injini ndogo za diseli zinazotumiwa katika magari madogo. Tangu miaka ya 1970, matumizi ya injini za dizeli katika magari makubwa ya barabarani na nje ya barabara nchini Marekani yameongezeka. Kulingana na Konrad Reif (2012), nusu ya magari madogo katika Umoja wa Ulaya ni magari ya dizeli. Injini kubwa zaidi za dizeli zinazotumiwa duniani zina silinda 14 zinazotumiwa kwenye meli kubwa. 6rqcpxat8koubty52e9wiryz2072xnk 1241471 1241470 2022-08-09T10:41:29Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Injini ya dizeli''' ni [[injini ya mwako ndani]] ambamo kuwaka kwa [[mafuta]] husababishwa na joto la juu linalotokana na kugandamiza hewa ndani ya [[silinda]] zake. Hii ni tofauti na injini zinazowasha mchanganyiko wa mafuta na hewa kwa njia ya heche za umeme, kama vile [[injini ya petroli]] au injini ya gesi ([[gesi asilia]] au gesi ya LPG). Injini ya diseli inahitaji kutengeneza shinikizo kali ndani yake hivyo ni imara na nzito zaidi kuliko injini ya petroli. Hapo awali ilitumika kama mbadala wa [[Injini ya mvuke|injini za mvuke]] zilizosimama . Tangu miaka ya 1910, zilitumika pia katika [[manowari]] na [[meli]]. Iliendelea kutumika katika [[vichwa vya treni]], [[mabasi]], [[malori]], [[matrekta]] na [[Jenereta|majenereta]] ya kuzalisha umeme. Katika miaka ya nyuma mahandisi walifaulu kutengeneza pia injini ndogo za diseli zinazotumiwa katika magari madogo. Tangu miaka ya 1970, matumizi ya injini za dizeli katika magari makubwa ya barabarani na nje ya barabara nchini Marekani yameongezeka. Kulingana na Konrad Reif (2012), nusu ya magari madogo katika [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] ni magari ya dizeli. Injini kubwa zaidi za dizeli zinazotumiwa duniani zina silinda 14 zinazotumiwa kwenye meli kubwa. gx6kfhhnq9jcu0sovz09w89c9wxcmmp 1241472 1241471 2022-08-09T10:43:10Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Injini ya dizeli''' ni [[injini ya mwako ndani]] ambamo kuwaka kwa [[mafuta]] husababishwa na joto la juu linalotokana na kugandamiza hewa ndani ya [[silinda]] zake. Hii ni tofauti na injini zinazowasha mchanganyiko wa mafuta na hewa kwa njia ya heche za umeme, kama vile [[injini ya petroli]] au injini ya gesi ([[gesi asilia]] au gesi ya LPG). Injini ya dizeli ilibuniwa na mhandisi Mjerumani [[Rudolf Diesel]] katika [[karne ya 19]]. Injini ya diseli inahitaji kutengeneza shinikizo kali ndani yake hivyo ni imara na nzito zaidi kuliko injini ya petroli. Hapo awali ilitumika kama mbadala wa [[Injini ya mvuke|injini za mvuke]] zilizosimama . Tangu miaka ya 1910, zilitumika pia katika [[manowari]] na [[meli]]. Iliendelea kutumika katika [[vichwa vya treni]], [[mabasi]], [[malori]], [[matrekta]] na [[Jenereta|majenereta]] ya kuzalisha umeme. Katika miaka ya nyuma mahandisi walifaulu kutengeneza pia injini ndogo za diseli zinazotumiwa katika magari madogo. Tangu miaka ya 1970, matumizi ya injini za dizeli katika magari makubwa ya barabarani na nje ya barabara nchini Marekani yameongezeka. Kulingana na Konrad Reif (2012), nusu ya magari madogo katika [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] ni magari ya dizeli. Injini kubwa zaidi za dizeli zinazotumiwa duniani zina silinda 14 zinazotumiwa kwenye meli kubwa. 5sfzpj1l76fdfsuzuaym1uz5ub9xzce 1241473 1241472 2022-08-09T10:47:31Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:Faili:OM 352.jpg|thumb|350px|Injini ya dizeli ya Mercedes Benz ( silinda 6)]] '''Injini ya dizeli''' ni [[injini ya mwako ndani]] ambamo kuwaka kwa [[mafuta]] husababishwa na joto la juu linalotokana na kugandamiza hewa ndani ya [[silinda]] zake. Hii ni tofauti na injini zinazowasha mchanganyiko wa mafuta na hewa kwa njia ya heche za umeme, kama vile [[injini ya petroli]] au injini ya gesi ([[gesi asilia]] au gesi ya LPG). Injini ya dizeli ilibuniwa na mhandisi Mjerumani [[Rudolf Diesel]] katika [[karne ya 19]]. Injini ya diseli inahitaji kutengeneza shinikizo kali ndani yake hivyo ni imara na nzito zaidi kuliko injini ya petroli. Hapo awali ilitumika kama mbadala wa [[Injini ya mvuke|injini za mvuke]] zilizosimama . Tangu miaka ya 1910, zilitumika pia katika [[manowari]] na [[meli]]. Iliendelea kutumika katika [[vichwa vya treni]], [[mabasi]], [[malori]], [[matrekta]] na [[Jenereta|majenereta]] ya kuzalisha umeme. Katika miaka ya nyuma mahandisi walifaulu kutengeneza pia injini ndogo za diseli zinazotumiwa katika magari madogo. Tangu miaka ya 1970, matumizi ya injini za dizeli katika magari makubwa ya barabarani na nje ya barabara nchini Marekani yameongezeka. Kulingana na Konrad Reif (2012), nusu ya magari madogo katika [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] ni magari ya dizeli. Injini kubwa zaidi za dizeli zinazotumiwa duniani zina silinda 14 zinazotumiwa kwenye meli kubwa. 5oau3alsadznk69tlise1sbenk4lbi5 1241474 1241473 2022-08-09T10:47:51Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:OM 352.jpg|thumb|350px|Injini ya dizeli ya Mercedes Benz ( silinda 6)]] '''Injini ya dizeli''' ni [[injini ya mwako ndani]] ambamo kuwaka kwa [[mafuta]] husababishwa na joto la juu linalotokana na kugandamiza hewa ndani ya [[silinda]] zake. Hii ni tofauti na injini zinazowasha mchanganyiko wa mafuta na hewa kwa njia ya heche za umeme, kama vile [[injini ya petroli]] au injini ya gesi ([[gesi asilia]] au gesi ya LPG). Injini ya dizeli ilibuniwa na mhandisi Mjerumani [[Rudolf Diesel]] katika [[karne ya 19]]. Injini ya diseli inahitaji kutengeneza shinikizo kali ndani yake hivyo ni imara na nzito zaidi kuliko injini ya petroli. Hapo awali ilitumika kama mbadala wa [[Injini ya mvuke|injini za mvuke]] zilizosimama . Tangu miaka ya 1910, zilitumika pia katika [[manowari]] na [[meli]]. Iliendelea kutumika katika [[vichwa vya treni]], [[mabasi]], [[malori]], [[matrekta]] na [[Jenereta|majenereta]] ya kuzalisha umeme. Katika miaka ya nyuma mahandisi walifaulu kutengeneza pia injini ndogo za diseli zinazotumiwa katika magari madogo. Tangu miaka ya 1970, matumizi ya injini za dizeli katika magari makubwa ya barabarani na nje ya barabara nchini Marekani yameongezeka. Kulingana na Konrad Reif (2012), nusu ya magari madogo katika [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] ni magari ya dizeli. Injini kubwa zaidi za dizeli zinazotumiwa duniani zina silinda 14 zinazotumiwa kwenye meli kubwa. a6tiaeryuy7j6tz3tfzpqh9ct1k5khg 1241477 1241474 2022-08-09T10:50:12Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:OM 352.jpg|thumb|350px|Injini ya dizeli ya Mercedes Benz ( silinda 6)]] '''Injini ya dizeli''' ni [[injini ya mwako ndani]] ambamo kuwaka kwa [[mafuta]] husababishwa na joto la juu linalotokana na kugandamiza hewa ndani ya [[silinda]] zake. Hii ni tofauti na injini zinazowasha mchanganyiko wa mafuta na hewa kwa njia ya heche za umeme, kama vile [[injini ya petroli]] au injini ya gesi ([[gesi asilia]] au gesi ya LPG). Injini ya dizeli ilibuniwa na mhandisi Mjerumani [[Rudolf Diesel]] katika [[karne ya 19]]. Injini ya diseli inahitaji kutengeneza shinikizo kali ndani yake hivyo ni imara na nzito zaidi kuliko injini ya petroli. Hapo awali ilitumika kama mbadala wa [[Injini ya mvuke|injini za mvuke]] zilizosimama . Tangu miaka ya 1910, zilitumika pia katika [[manowari]] na [[meli]]. Iliendelea kutumika katika [[vichwa vya treni]], [[mabasi]], [[malori]], [[matrekta]] na [[Jenereta|majenereta]] ya kuzalisha umeme. Katika miaka ya nyuma mahandisi walifaulu kutengeneza pia injini ndogo za diseli zinazotumiwa katika magari madogo. Tangu miaka ya 1970, matumizi ya injini za dizeli katika magari makubwa ya barabarani na nje ya barabara nchini Marekani yameongezeka. Kulingana na Konrad Reif (2012), nusu ya magari madogo katika [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] ni magari ya dizeli. Injini kubwa zaidi za dizeli zinazotumiwa duniani zina silinda 14 zinazotumiwa kwenye meli kubwa. ==Viungo vya Nje== {{Commons category|Diesel engines|Injii za dizeli}} {{Commons|Rudolf Diesel}} {{Collier's Poster|Diesel Engine}} * {{Cite web |url=https://dieselinformation.aecc.eu |title=Diesel Information Hub |publisher=Association for Emissions Control by Catalyst }} * {{Internet Archive short film | 0613_Diesel_Story_The_06_30_42_18 | The Diesel Story (1952)}} * {{YouTube| DDLJgUaBpmM | "Introduction to Two Stroke Marine Diesel Engine" }} * {{YouTube| wCA5pInfPpM | "The Engine That Powers the World" BBC Documentary }} ===Hataza=== * [http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?docid=00542846&SectionNum=2&IDKey=1BB1E16A8D0F&HomeUrl=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1%2526Sect2=HITOFF%2526d=PALL%2526p=1%2526u=%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsrchnum.htm%2526r=1%2526f=G%2526l=50%2526s1=0542846.PN.%2526OS=PN/0542846%2526RS=PN/0542846 Method of and Apparatus for Converting Heat into Work. # 542846 filed 1892] * [http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=00608845&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO1%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526d%3DPALL%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsrchnum.htm%2526r%3D1%2526f%3DG%2526l%3D50%2526s1%3D0608845.PN.%2526OS%3DPN%2F0608845%2526RS%3DPN%2F0608845&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page Internal Combustion Engine #608845 filed 1895] s6v4w2otdusdnvnenwwbro2m5udo1z0 1241478 1241477 2022-08-09T10:52:43Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:OM 352.jpg|thumb|350px|Injini ya dizeli ya Mercedes Benz ( silinda 6)]] [[File:The Diesel Story.ogv|thumb|350px|Filamu kuhusu maendeleo ya ijini za diseli kutoka kampuni ya Shell]] '''Injini ya dizeli''' ni [[injini ya mwako ndani]] ambamo kuwaka kwa [[mafuta]] husababishwa na joto la juu linalotokana na kugandamiza hewa ndani ya [[silinda]] zake. Hii ni tofauti na injini zinazowasha mchanganyiko wa mafuta na hewa kwa njia ya heche za umeme, kama vile [[injini ya petroli]] au injini ya gesi ([[gesi asilia]] au gesi ya LPG). Injini ya dizeli ilibuniwa na mhandisi Mjerumani [[Rudolf Diesel]] katika [[karne ya 19]]. Injini ya diseli inahitaji kutengeneza shinikizo kali ndani yake hivyo ni imara na nzito zaidi kuliko injini ya petroli. Hapo awali ilitumika kama mbadala wa [[Injini ya mvuke|injini za mvuke]] zilizosimama . Tangu miaka ya 1910, zilitumika pia katika [[manowari]] na [[meli]]. Iliendelea kutumika katika [[vichwa vya treni]], [[mabasi]], [[malori]], [[matrekta]] na [[Jenereta|majenereta]] ya kuzalisha umeme. Katika miaka ya nyuma mahandisi walifaulu kutengeneza pia injini ndogo za diseli zinazotumiwa katika magari madogo. Tangu miaka ya 1970, matumizi ya injini za dizeli katika magari makubwa ya barabarani na nje ya barabara nchini Marekani yameongezeka. Kulingana na Konrad Reif (2012), nusu ya magari madogo katika [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] ni magari ya dizeli. Injini kubwa zaidi za dizeli zinazotumiwa duniani zina silinda 14 zinazotumiwa kwenye meli kubwa. ==Viungo vya Nje== {{Commons category|Diesel engines|Injii za dizeli}} {{Commons|Rudolf Diesel}} {{Collier's Poster|Diesel Engine}} * {{Cite web |url=https://dieselinformation.aecc.eu |title=Diesel Information Hub |publisher=Association for Emissions Control by Catalyst }} * {{Internet Archive short film | 0613_Diesel_Story_The_06_30_42_18 | The Diesel Story (1952)}} * {{YouTube| DDLJgUaBpmM | "Introduction to Two Stroke Marine Diesel Engine" }} * {{YouTube| wCA5pInfPpM | "The Engine That Powers the World" BBC Documentary }} ===Hataza=== * [http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?docid=00542846&SectionNum=2&IDKey=1BB1E16A8D0F&HomeUrl=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1%2526Sect2=HITOFF%2526d=PALL%2526p=1%2526u=%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsrchnum.htm%2526r=1%2526f=G%2526l=50%2526s1=0542846.PN.%2526OS=PN/0542846%2526RS=PN/0542846 Method of and Apparatus for Converting Heat into Work. # 542846 filed 1892] * [http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=00608845&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO1%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526d%3DPALL%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsrchnum.htm%2526r%3D1%2526f%3DG%2526l%3D50%2526s1%3D0608845.PN.%2526OS%3DPN%2F0608845%2526RS%3DPN%2F0608845&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page Internal Combustion Engine #608845 filed 1895] fmh7saowr302cttz1ugxdloezjw4jm5 1241479 1241478 2022-08-09T10:53:26Z Kipala 107 /* Viungo vya Nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:OM 352.jpg|thumb|350px|Injini ya dizeli ya Mercedes Benz ( silinda 6)]] [[File:The Diesel Story.ogv|thumb|350px|Filamu kuhusu maendeleo ya ijini za diseli kutoka kampuni ya Shell]] '''Injini ya dizeli''' ni [[injini ya mwako ndani]] ambamo kuwaka kwa [[mafuta]] husababishwa na joto la juu linalotokana na kugandamiza hewa ndani ya [[silinda]] zake. Hii ni tofauti na injini zinazowasha mchanganyiko wa mafuta na hewa kwa njia ya heche za umeme, kama vile [[injini ya petroli]] au injini ya gesi ([[gesi asilia]] au gesi ya LPG). Injini ya dizeli ilibuniwa na mhandisi Mjerumani [[Rudolf Diesel]] katika [[karne ya 19]]. Injini ya diseli inahitaji kutengeneza shinikizo kali ndani yake hivyo ni imara na nzito zaidi kuliko injini ya petroli. Hapo awali ilitumika kama mbadala wa [[Injini ya mvuke|injini za mvuke]] zilizosimama . Tangu miaka ya 1910, zilitumika pia katika [[manowari]] na [[meli]]. Iliendelea kutumika katika [[vichwa vya treni]], [[mabasi]], [[malori]], [[matrekta]] na [[Jenereta|majenereta]] ya kuzalisha umeme. Katika miaka ya nyuma mahandisi walifaulu kutengeneza pia injini ndogo za diseli zinazotumiwa katika magari madogo. Tangu miaka ya 1970, matumizi ya injini za dizeli katika magari makubwa ya barabarani na nje ya barabara nchini Marekani yameongezeka. Kulingana na Konrad Reif (2012), nusu ya magari madogo katika [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] ni magari ya dizeli. Injini kubwa zaidi za dizeli zinazotumiwa duniani zina silinda 14 zinazotumiwa kwenye meli kubwa. ==Viungo vya Nje== {{Commons category|Diesel engines|Injii za dizeli}} {{Commons|Rudolf Diesel}} * {{YouTube| DDLJgUaBpmM | "Introduction to Two Stroke Marine Diesel Engine" }} * {{YouTube| wCA5pInfPpM | "The Engine That Powers the World" BBC Documentary }} ===Hataza=== * [http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?docid=00542846&SectionNum=2&IDKey=1BB1E16A8D0F&HomeUrl=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1%2526Sect2=HITOFF%2526d=PALL%2526p=1%2526u=%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsrchnum.htm%2526r=1%2526f=G%2526l=50%2526s1=0542846.PN.%2526OS=PN/0542846%2526RS=PN/0542846 Method of and Apparatus for Converting Heat into Work. # 542846 filed 1892] * [http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=00608845&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO1%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526d%3DPALL%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsrchnum.htm%2526r%3D1%2526f%3DG%2526l%3D50%2526s1%3D0608845.PN.%2526OS%3DPN%2F0608845%2526RS%3DPN%2F0608845&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page Internal Combustion Engine #608845 filed 1895] 7dunv594yaje2ss54mo8mwemvt7mluu Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:LaosLos 3 156223 1241480 2022-08-09T10:54:51Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 10:54, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 9nfu0knxp54pjqox1fxsmjpsnks3134 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mizio69 3 156224 1241481 2022-08-09T10:55:16Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 10:55, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) pu334jbvprqlti6uczocqdrk97mzhwv Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Cêsar 3 156225 1241482 2022-08-09T10:55:42Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 10:55, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) pu334jbvprqlti6uczocqdrk97mzhwv Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:KudzuVine 3 156226 1241484 2022-08-09T10:59:23Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 10:59, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) fyygqb79u2aw5nh2oqz9ajyeb6mo68k Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Merube 89 3 156227 1241485 2022-08-09T10:59:41Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] 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Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:00, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 5gqr56rmpplxslkxillczxwb71fg2i8 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tauiwi09 3 156231 1241489 2022-08-09T11:01:03Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:01, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) odupquj5j1cx1yv3lzhcbc4dig4q9sc Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:DragonBot 3 156232 1241490 2022-08-09T11:01:22Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:01, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) odupquj5j1cx1yv3lzhcbc4dig4q9sc Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MTC 3 156233 1241491 2022-08-09T11:01:40Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary 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Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:02, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 294lurpiy7iowjbd4gywls66t8pn8u0 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Knowledge engineer 3 156237 1241495 2022-08-09T11:03:11Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:03, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) bnckc3sej82es09h7duratzjxka5429 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Chiemgauer 3 156238 1241496 2022-08-09T11:03:30Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:03, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) bnckc3sej82es09h7duratzjxka5429 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MikeStuff 3 156239 1241497 2022-08-09T11:03:50Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:03, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) bnckc3sej82es09h7duratzjxka5429 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Michał460 3 156240 1241498 2022-08-09T11:04:11Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:04, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) pup9salcvvvrwgolf77bifxz5sqaqp9 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:McFred 3 156241 1241499 2022-08-09T11:04:34Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:04, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) pup9salcvvvrwgolf77bifxz5sqaqp9 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Антиромантик 3 156242 1241500 2022-08-09T11:05:05Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:05, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 4l3asa31vj4xkr29oa8epnl436uixlb Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:User№101 3 156243 1241501 2022-08-09T11:05:23Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:05, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 4l3asa31vj4xkr29oa8epnl436uixlb Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:1852 3 156244 1241502 2022-08-09T11:05:49Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:05, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 4l3asa31vj4xkr29oa8epnl436uixlb Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Yahfiahcaro 3 156245 1241503 2022-08-09T11:06:13Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:06, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) m031mjrfc6fexzruxs1yrs95c8ya57e Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mewasul 3 156246 1241504 2022-08-09T11:06:30Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:06, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) m031mjrfc6fexzruxs1yrs95c8ya57e Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Heinzi.at 3 156247 1241505 2022-08-09T11:06:58Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:06, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) m031mjrfc6fexzruxs1yrs95c8ya57e Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Das Kollektiv 3 156248 1241506 2022-08-09T11:07:24Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:07, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 0d9lkejuznggy3suq0f0upsywvblb5s Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NawlinWiki 3 156249 1241507 2022-08-09T11:07:41Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:07, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 0d9lkejuznggy3suq0f0upsywvblb5s Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:HelperBlase 3 156250 1241508 2022-08-09T11:08:08Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:08, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) l6natoytlr739tfxiayu856v6j0ltvr Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:דב ט. 3 156251 1241509 2022-08-09T11:08:25Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:08, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) l6natoytlr739tfxiayu856v6j0ltvr Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Toad rules 3 156252 1241510 2022-08-09T11:08:45Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:08, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) l6natoytlr739tfxiayu856v6j0ltvr Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Polptr 3 156253 1241511 2022-08-09T11:09:05Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:09, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rtx00iuddm626yehkbojtqpwag13kwb Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Pakajus 3 156254 1241512 2022-08-09T11:09:23Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:09, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rtx00iuddm626yehkbojtqpwag13kwb Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Alphos 3 156255 1241513 2022-08-09T11:09:53Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:09, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rtx00iuddm626yehkbojtqpwag13kwb Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Emilemanirakiza 3 156256 1241514 2022-08-09T11:10:14Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:10, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rgvbz3sotirnafgt6rdba2wvebwadae Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:St. Alex 3 156257 1241515 2022-08-09T11:10:33Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:10, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rgvbz3sotirnafgt6rdba2wvebwadae Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Windharp 3 156258 1241516 2022-08-09T11:10:51Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:10, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rgvbz3sotirnafgt6rdba2wvebwadae Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Deineka 3 156259 1241517 2022-08-09T11:11:10Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:11, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 3vyeh1avfge9kbjeiq1eebppgfvxjml Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Icepenguin 3 156260 1241518 2022-08-09T11:12:21Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:12, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) a4wlsqo1ckuije544kmhtc6mgfkbadl Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Blahma 3 156261 1241519 2022-08-09T11:12:45Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:12, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) a4wlsqo1ckuije544kmhtc6mgfkbadl Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Joshdboz 3 156262 1241520 2022-08-09T11:13:04Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:13, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) n4waapvnqtaw9d0y31mmnr3q52aowfx Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ripepette 3 156263 1241521 2022-08-09T11:14:44Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:14, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) jqgolcu0wmuc60j8p2yw6iv7oj3b21l Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Theun 3 156264 1241522 2022-08-09T11:15:05Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:15, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ixbhzacm3azsdzwxpl1mtbx2xspeg0z Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dálmata 3 156265 1241523 2022-08-09T11:15:24Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:15, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ixbhzacm3azsdzwxpl1mtbx2xspeg0z Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Donat 3 156266 1241524 2022-08-09T11:15:43Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:15, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ixbhzacm3azsdzwxpl1mtbx2xspeg0z Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Polyhedron 3 156267 1241525 2022-08-09T11:16:06Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:16, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) cdivhg14sl29m8x3xc22ch2wx1cpc0u Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Michel BUZE 3 156268 1241526 2022-08-09T11:16:22Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:16, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) cdivhg14sl29m8x3xc22ch2wx1cpc0u Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Sfaefaol 3 156269 1241527 2022-08-09T11:16:44Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:16, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) cdivhg14sl29m8x3xc22ch2wx1cpc0u Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jan Arkesteijn 3 156270 1241528 2022-08-09T11:17:53Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:17, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) g66y0tfwtcrf1jylofbl8uz57lqbddc Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ecki 3 156271 1241529 2022-08-09T11:18:15Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:18, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 9jprq7cxz0dtyikac19sp2ybicawkt7 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Echtner 3 156272 1241530 2022-08-09T11:18:37Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:18, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 9jprq7cxz0dtyikac19sp2ybicawkt7 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:PASCAL JOY MIGISHA 3 156273 1241531 2022-08-09T11:18:59Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:18, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 9jprq7cxz0dtyikac19sp2ybicawkt7 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Darena mipt 3 156274 1241532 2022-08-09T11:19:22Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:19, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) pryoxtzzzdo2tt08mr1ofl21a2tmx4g Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Noca2plus 3 156275 1241533 2022-08-09T11:19:43Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:19, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) pryoxtzzzdo2tt08mr1ofl21a2tmx4g Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Geanixx 3 156276 1241534 2022-08-09T11:20:37Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:20, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) hwapbrzh2eldosb147beb9izhfraj78 Silinda 0 156277 1241535 2022-08-09T11:20:51Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Silinda''' ni neno lililopokelewa kutoka lugha ya [[Kiingereza]] ''cylinder;'' asili yake iko katika Kigiriki Κύλινδρος ''kilindros.'' Inaweza kumaanisha * [[mcheduara]] au silinda: umbo la [[Jiometria|kijiometria]] * Silinda (injini) ni nafasi au uwazi mwenye umbo la bomba ambamo [[pistoni]] husogezwa * Silinda (mashine) ni sehemu yenye umbo la mcheduara inayozunguka na kusogeza au kusukuma kitu (mfano ndani ya printa au mashine ya kuchapa {...' wikitext text/x-wiki '''Silinda''' ni neno lililopokelewa kutoka lugha ya [[Kiingereza]] ''cylinder;'' asili yake iko katika Kigiriki Κύλινδρος ''kilindros.'' Inaweza kumaanisha * [[mcheduara]] au silinda: umbo la [[Jiometria|kijiometria]] * Silinda (injini) ni nafasi au uwazi mwenye umbo la bomba ambamo [[pistoni]] husogezwa * Silinda (mashine) ni sehemu yenye umbo la mcheduara inayozunguka na kusogeza au kusukuma kitu (mfano ndani ya printa au mashine ya kuchapa {{Maana}} 0maalghbrtj3vyhhqhgbjovh3y3vfog 1241541 1241535 2022-08-09T11:25:35Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Silinda''' ni neno lililopokelewa kutoka lugha ya [[Kiingereza]] ''cylinder;'' asili yake iko katika Kigiriki Κύλινδρος ''kylindros, κυλινδειν kylíndein'' kuzungusha Inaweza kumaanisha * [[mcheduara]] au silinda: umbo la [[Jiometria|kijiometria]] * Silinda (injini) ni nafasi au uwazi mwenye umbo la bomba ambamo [[pistoni]] husogezwa * Silinda (mashine) ni sehemu yenye umbo la mcheduara inayozunguka na kusogeza au kusukuma kitu (mfano ndani ya printa au mashine ya kuchapa {{Maana}} tudoi3eqgpz36bat967rwpzpwyb3y08 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Alvaro qc 3 156278 1241536 2022-08-09T11:21:11Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:21, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) qzb0m949vpdbq5lf37bv61rahizmj7p Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mr.devilx 3 156279 1241537 2022-08-09T11:21:35Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:21, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) qzb0m949vpdbq5lf37bv61rahizmj7p Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:The Perfect Enso 3 156280 1241538 2022-08-09T11:21:54Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:21, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) qzb0m949vpdbq5lf37bv61rahizmj7p Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Вальдимар 3 156281 1241539 2022-08-09T11:22:18Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:22, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) fa7ibzgmgimjlxvznoptc29fkt9whqq Soul Boy 0 156282 1241540 2022-08-09T11:23:32Z Kamara2109 55365 chapisho jipya wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Soul Boy'''''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Movies now showing in Kenya by — KenyaBuzz Movies|url=https://www.kenyabuzz.com/movies/soul-boy?device=browser|work=KenyaBuzz|accessdate=2022-08-09|language=en-US|author=Kenyabuzz Limited}}</ref> ni [[filamu]] ya kikenya iliyo andikiwa na [[Billy Kahora]] na kuongozwa na [[Hawa Essuman]]. Ilikua chini ya [[Tom Tykwer]] ambaeye ni [[Mwongozaji wa filamu|muongozaji]] na [[mtayarishaji]] wa filamu kutoka [[Ujerumani]] huko [[Kibera (Nairobi)|Kibera]], moja ya makazi duni katika bara la [[Afrika]], katikati mwa jiji la [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]. [[Filamu]] ilipata uteuzi mara tano mwaka 2007 katika tuzo za [[African Movie Academy Awards]].<ref>http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominations-2011</ref> Filamu hii ilitoka katika [[karakana]] ya vijana wapenda filamu jijini [[Nairobi]], ikiongozwa na muongozaji [[Tom Tykwer]] kutoka [[Ujerumani|ujerumani.]] == Kisa cha filamu == Abila mwenye umri wa miaka 14 anaishi [[Nairobi]], Kenya na wazazi wake huko Kibera, moja ya makazi duni zaidi katika [[Afrika ya Mashariki|Afrika Mashariki]]. Asubuhi moja kijana uyu anagundua [[baba]] yake ni mwenye huzuni na pia [[mgonjwa]]. Kuna mtu ameiba roho yake, baba ananung'unika. Abila anachanganyikiwa na kupata mshituko lakini anataka kumsaidia baba yake kutafuta tiba sahihi. Akiungwa mkono na mpenzi wake Shiku, anaanza [[safari]] ya kusisimua inayompeleka hadi kwenye chimbuko lake. == Wahusika == * Samson Odhiambo * Leila Dayan Opou * Krysteen Savane * Frank Kimani * Joab Ogolla * Lucy Gachanja * Katherine Damaris * Kevin Onyango Omondi * Calvin Shikuku Odhiambo * Nordeen Abdulghani == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Filamu za Kenya]] [[Jamii:Filamu za mwaka 2007]] [[Jamii:Filamu ya kiswahili]] 28aic74tx4m1gj1k3klkns1uemkmu6r 1241581 1241540 2022-08-09T11:46:24Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soul Boy'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Movies now showing in Kenya by — KenyaBuzz Movies|url=https://www.kenyabuzz.com/movies/soul-boy?device=browser|work=KenyaBuzz|accessdate=2022-08-09|language=en-US|author=Kenyabuzz Limited}}</ref> ni [[filamu]] ya kikenya iliyo andikiwa na [[Billy Kahora]] na kuongozwa na [[Hawa Essuman]]. Ilikua chini ya [[Tom Tykwer]] ambaeye ni [[Mwongozaji wa filamu|muongozaji]] na [[mtayarishaji]] wa filamu kutoka [[Ujerumani]] huko [[Kibera (Nairobi)|Kibera]], moja ya makazi duni katika bara la [[Afrika]], katikati mwa jiji la [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]. [[Filamu]] ilipata uteuzi mara tano mwaka 2007 katika tuzo za [[African Movie Academy Awards]].<ref>http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominations-2011</ref> Filamu hii ilitoka katika [[karakana]] ya vijana wapenda filamu jijini [[Nairobi]], ikiongozwa na muongozaji [[Tom Tykwer]] kutoka [[Ujerumani|ujerumani.]] == Kisa cha filamu == Abila mwenye umri wa miaka 14 anaishi [[Nairobi]], Kenya na wazazi wake huko Kibera, moja ya makazi duni zaidi katika [[Afrika ya Mashariki|Afrika Mashariki]]. Asubuhi moja kijana uyu anagundua [[baba]] yake ni mwenye huzuni na pia [[mgonjwa]]. Kuna mtu ameiba roho yake, baba ananung'unika. Abila anachanganyikiwa na kupata mshituko lakini anataka kumsaidia baba yake kutafuta tiba sahihi. Akiungwa mkono na mpenzi wake Shiku, anaanza [[safari]] ya kusisimua inayompeleka hadi kwenye chimbuko lake. == Wahusika == * Samson Odhiambo * Leila Dayan Opou * Krysteen Savane * Frank Kimani * Joab Ogolla * Lucy Gachanja * Katherine Damaris * Kevin Onyango Omondi * Calvin Shikuku Odhiambo * Nordeen Abdulghani == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Filamu za Kenya]] [[Jamii:Filamu za mwaka 2007]] [[Jamii:Filamu ya kiswahili]] orjy9bwb2uxg8ugf5bw5o5jt4lq0qyt Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Llusiduonbach 3 156283 1241542 2022-08-09T11:28:07Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:28, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) krxoe2ofy23cds5fihqgn78hitdkw8d Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:INSOMaNIAC 3 156284 1241543 2022-08-09T11:28:26Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:28, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) krxoe2ofy23cds5fihqgn78hitdkw8d Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Cinemableu 3 156285 1241544 2022-08-09T11:28:46Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:28, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) krxoe2ofy23cds5fihqgn78hitdkw8d Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Vincent-Pierre 3 156286 1241545 2022-08-09T11:29:05Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:29, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) bsaf6f011u11do9dxbhek4p3s6r7o00 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Vlmorky 3 156287 1241546 2022-08-09T11:29:25Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:29, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) bsaf6f011u11do9dxbhek4p3s6r7o00 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Teekkari 3 156288 1241547 2022-08-09T11:29:46Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:29, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) bsaf6f011u11do9dxbhek4p3s6r7o00 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rp. 3 156289 1241548 2022-08-09T11:30:05Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) pd1l6hn57kvne52bnmg43gvchccqqx4 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Harald Haugland 3 156290 1241549 2022-08-09T11:30:35Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) pd1l6hn57kvne52bnmg43gvchccqqx4 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Prutochido 3 156291 1241550 2022-08-09T11:30:56Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) pd1l6hn57kvne52bnmg43gvchccqqx4 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Toleranciabajnok 3 156292 1241551 2022-08-09T11:31:43Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:31, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) tjpuxbqx9k1n7n3hvf0vx2gv64ti1ht Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Darth Kule 3 156293 1241552 2022-08-09T11:32:03Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:32, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) hgxckqzwptxlz1d9obbgtjmpyl4mvkx Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Fish and karate 3 156294 1241553 2022-08-09T11:32:27Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:32, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) hgxckqzwptxlz1d9obbgtjmpyl4mvkx Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:KeineWerbungBitte 3 156295 1241554 2022-08-09T11:32:47Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:32, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) hgxckqzwptxlz1d9obbgtjmpyl4mvkx Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Reisio 3 156296 1241555 2022-08-09T11:33:08Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:33, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) jgc3xxrrh0p5q37l4cd04dixskpt5m6 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Chintunglee 3 156297 1241556 2022-08-09T11:33:35Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:33, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) jgc3xxrrh0p5q37l4cd04dixskpt5m6 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Port(u*o)s 3 156298 1241557 2022-08-09T11:33:55Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:33, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) jgc3xxrrh0p5q37l4cd04dixskpt5m6 Bendera ya upinde wa mvua 0 156299 1241558 2022-08-09T11:36:01Z Jackson Mujungu 53508 Anzisha Makala wikitext text/x-wiki == Bendera ya upinde wa mvua == '''Bendera ya upinde wa mvua''' ni [[bendera]] yenye [[rangi]] nyingi inayojumuisha rangi za [[upinde wa mvua]]. [[Miundo]] hutofautiana, lakini rangi nyingi zinatokana na rangi zionekanazo katika mwanga wa rangi za upinde wa mvua.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jraissati|first=Yasmina|date=2014-06|title=On Color Categorization: Why Do We Name Seven Colors in the Rainbow?|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12131|journal=Philosophy Compass|volume=9|issue=6|pages=382–391|doi=10.1111/phc3.12131|issn=1747-9991}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lee|first=Raymond L.|date=1991-08-20|title=What are “all the colors of the rainbow”?|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.30.003401|journal=Applied Optics|volume=30|issue=24|pages=3401|doi=10.1364/ao.30.003401|issn=0003-6935}}</ref> Bendera ya [[LGBT]] iliyoanzishwa [[mwaka]] wa 1978 ndiyo inafahamika zaidi kwa matumizi ya bendera ya upinde wa [[Mvua|mvua.]] == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:Diplomasia]] [[Jamii:USW]] mnyizvcil8pyvcra7o9ystdvpxhfldd 1241578 1241558 2022-08-09T11:45:00Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bendera ya upinde wa mvua''' ni [[bendera]] yenye [[rangi]] nyingi inayojumuisha rangi za [[upinde wa mvua]]. [[Miundo]] hutofautiana, lakini rangi nyingi zinatokana na rangi zionekanazo katika mwanga wa rangi za upinde wa mvua.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jraissati|first=Yasmina|date=2014-06|title=On Color Categorization: Why Do We Name Seven Colors in the Rainbow?|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12131|journal=Philosophy Compass|volume=9|issue=6|pages=382–391|doi=10.1111/phc3.12131|issn=1747-9991}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lee|first=Raymond L.|date=1991-08-20|title=What are “all the colors of the rainbow”?|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.30.003401|journal=Applied Optics|volume=30|issue=24|pages=3401|doi=10.1364/ao.30.003401|issn=0003-6935}}</ref> Bendera ya [[LGBT]] iliyoanzishwa [[mwaka]] wa 1978 ndiyo inafahamika zaidi kwa matumizi ya bendera ya upinde wa [[Mvua|mvua.]] == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:Diplomasia]] [[Jamii:USW]] mf4zci6gvy5lia3v9u55j161jie0mnv 1241579 1241578 2022-08-09T11:45:31Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Anuary Rajabu alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Rainbow flag]] hadi [[Bendera ya upinde wa mvua]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bendera ya upinde wa mvua''' ni [[bendera]] yenye [[rangi]] nyingi inayojumuisha rangi za [[upinde wa mvua]]. [[Miundo]] hutofautiana, lakini rangi nyingi zinatokana na rangi zionekanazo katika mwanga wa rangi za upinde wa mvua.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jraissati|first=Yasmina|date=2014-06|title=On Color Categorization: Why Do We Name Seven Colors in the Rainbow?|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12131|journal=Philosophy Compass|volume=9|issue=6|pages=382–391|doi=10.1111/phc3.12131|issn=1747-9991}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lee|first=Raymond L.|date=1991-08-20|title=What are “all the colors of the rainbow”?|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.30.003401|journal=Applied Optics|volume=30|issue=24|pages=3401|doi=10.1364/ao.30.003401|issn=0003-6935}}</ref> Bendera ya [[LGBT]] iliyoanzishwa [[mwaka]] wa 1978 ndiyo inafahamika zaidi kwa matumizi ya bendera ya upinde wa [[Mvua|mvua.]] == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:Diplomasia]] [[Jamii:USW]] mf4zci6gvy5lia3v9u55j161jie0mnv Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Societatem 3 156300 1241559 2022-08-09T11:37:01Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:37, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ocfzn7pj522d901sgtpny0w1gmir8fb Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:TJRC 3 156301 1241560 2022-08-09T11:37:24Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:37, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ocfzn7pj522d901sgtpny0w1gmir8fb Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hejsa 3 156302 1241561 2022-08-09T11:37:42Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:37, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ocfzn7pj522d901sgtpny0w1gmir8fb Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Orci 3 156303 1241562 2022-08-09T11:38:03Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:38, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) svaqnk3eiddnfqe0j1ymnjcbxlmrm78 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bansp 3 156304 1241563 2022-08-09T11:38:20Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:38, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) svaqnk3eiddnfqe0j1ymnjcbxlmrm78 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NiTeChiLLeR 3 156305 1241564 2022-08-09T11:38:40Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:38, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) svaqnk3eiddnfqe0j1ymnjcbxlmrm78 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NoychoH 3 156306 1241565 2022-08-09T11:39:03Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:39, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 896dp5mc0tah5ly9er68ap3fwn3veiq Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Veltys 3 156307 1241566 2022-08-09T11:39:23Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:39, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 896dp5mc0tah5ly9er68ap3fwn3veiq Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Camahuetos 3 156308 1241567 2022-08-09T11:39:42Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:39, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 896dp5mc0tah5ly9er68ap3fwn3veiq Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:BertholdBarth 3 156309 1241568 2022-08-09T11:40:01Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:40, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 2t4h3x42931r43svkb4hkble1tyivyn Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Qurren 3 156310 1241569 2022-08-09T11:40:18Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:40, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 2t4h3x42931r43svkb4hkble1tyivyn Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Sadalmelik 3 156311 1241570 2022-08-09T11:40:40Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:40, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 2t4h3x42931r43svkb4hkble1tyivyn Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:WJBscribe 3 156312 1241571 2022-08-09T11:41:14Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:41, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 9c7dlagilspudbc98p33jr9xvq5cz1m Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wsiegmund 3 156313 1241572 2022-08-09T11:41:36Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:41, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 9c7dlagilspudbc98p33jr9xvq5cz1m Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Leonard Vertighel 3 156314 1241573 2022-08-09T11:41:59Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:41, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 9c7dlagilspudbc98p33jr9xvq5cz1m Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kamil.darczynski 3 156315 1241574 2022-08-09T11:42:21Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:42, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) g9hdfr22psgx5awidnn9f0fo1ho6t8h Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mbise 3 156316 1241575 2022-08-09T11:42:42Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:42, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) g9hdfr22psgx5awidnn9f0fo1ho6t8h Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Nikkis 3 156317 1241576 2022-08-09T11:43:01Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:43, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) iu1bap2pzdpu0imtt16x57zjuzcaaen Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jaan513 3 156318 1241577 2022-08-09T11:43:28Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:43, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) iu1bap2pzdpu0imtt16x57zjuzcaaen Rainbow flag 0 156319 1241580 2022-08-09T11:45:31Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Anuary Rajabu alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Rainbow flag]] hadi [[Bendera ya upinde wa mvua]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bendera ya upinde wa mvua]] 0qjq7fo9c7q292xof6gubbc68881lfh Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:FLYER37 3 156320 1241582 2022-08-09T11:48:02Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:48, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) as6yeb2e5im8as0zj4myt6mg911qy52 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Erfil 3 156321 1241583 2022-08-09T11:48:28Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:48, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) as6yeb2e5im8as0zj4myt6mg911qy52 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kahigi 3 156322 1241584 2022-08-09T11:49:27Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:49, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rbmvm7fjzsqolqjcmxa0vn7bsx0nvsk Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tdevries 3 156323 1241585 2022-08-09T11:49:50Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:49, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) rbmvm7fjzsqolqjcmxa0vn7bsx0nvsk Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kahkonen 3 156324 1241586 2022-08-09T11:50:15Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:50, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 96vhnc3917xo5b4fb6fp0gftht70hfd Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Chrattac 3 156325 1241587 2022-08-09T11:50:35Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:50, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 96vhnc3917xo5b4fb6fp0gftht70hfd Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Elendur 3 156326 1241588 2022-08-09T11:51:03Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:51, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) p0udlnpxypuu3rpldlhyhuz7tu3zrtk Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Andres 3 156327 1241589 2022-08-09T11:51:22Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:51, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) p0udlnpxypuu3rpldlhyhuz7tu3zrtk Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Elvis 3 156328 1241590 2022-08-09T11:51:40Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:51, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) p0udlnpxypuu3rpldlhyhuz7tu3zrtk Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Lupo 3 156329 1241591 2022-08-09T11:51:59Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:51, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) p0udlnpxypuu3rpldlhyhuz7tu3zrtk Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hardscarf 3 156330 1241592 2022-08-09T11:52:23Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:52, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) bdypy6tu6yw6w24pfjwi2qdndxaj8xu Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Byeitical 3 156331 1241593 2022-08-09T11:52:41Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:52, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) bdypy6tu6yw6w24pfjwi2qdndxaj8xu Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Quissamã 3 156332 1241594 2022-08-09T11:53:00Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:53, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ok0j1osb78x4rcwzt0w421pqgl9oyvg Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dmitri Lytov 3 156333 1241595 2022-08-09T11:53:21Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:53, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ok0j1osb78x4rcwzt0w421pqgl9oyvg Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Booglamay 3 156334 1241596 2022-08-09T11:53:41Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:53, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ok0j1osb78x4rcwzt0w421pqgl9oyvg Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Raymond 3 156335 1241597 2022-08-09T11:54:00Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:54, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) m9sgqr7of08vvut1pkeyykzne9i65xr Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:FischX 3 156336 1241598 2022-08-09T11:54:23Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:54, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) m9sgqr7of08vvut1pkeyykzne9i65xr Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bookofjude 3 156337 1241599 2022-08-09T11:54:41Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:54, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) m9sgqr7of08vvut1pkeyykzne9i65xr Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Love Louvre 3 156338 1241600 2022-08-09T11:54:59Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:54, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) m9sgqr7of08vvut1pkeyykzne9i65xr Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Shyam 3 156339 1241601 2022-08-09T11:55:38Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:55, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) t2oqbqvji1b76qwa3s1d3h8vvvrgw2n Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Muro Bot 3 156340 1241602 2022-08-09T11:55:59Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:55, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) t2oqbqvji1b76qwa3s1d3h8vvvrgw2n Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Xeryus 3 156341 1241603 2022-08-09T11:56:20Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:56, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ib59e876wq07sy92km6g1bnb4aigvk4 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Peregrine Fisher 3 156342 1241604 2022-08-09T11:56:44Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:56, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ib59e876wq07sy92km6g1bnb4aigvk4 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Alensha 3 156343 1241605 2022-08-09T11:57:05Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:57, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ew2cegwykrf8asvm8d55adrhjgwzqyt Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Abel senzota 3 156344 1241606 2022-08-09T11:57:26Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:57, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ew2cegwykrf8asvm8d55adrhjgwzqyt Elimu ya amani 0 156345 1241607 2022-08-09T11:57:47Z Jackson Mujungu 53508 Anzisha Makala wikitext text/x-wiki == Elimu ya amani == '''Elimu ya amani''' ni mchakato wa kupata [[maadili]], [[maarifa]], mitazamo, [[ujuzi]], na [[tabia]] ili kuishi kwa [[amani]] na wewe mwenyewe, wengine, na [[mazingira]] asilia. Kuna matamko na maazimio mengi ya [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] kuhusu umuhimu wa amani.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/694147222|title=Peace education : exploring ethical and philosophical foundations|last=Page|first=James Smith|date=2008|publisher=Information Age Pub|isbn=978-1-60752-929-3|location=Charlotte, NC|oclc=694147222}}</ref> [[Ban Ki-moon|Ban Ki Moon,]] Katibu Mkuu wa Umoja wa Mataifa, aliweka wakfu Siku ya Kimataifa ya Amani 2013 kwa [[elimu]] ya amani katika juhudi za kuelekeza mawazo na kufadhili ukuu wa elimu ya amani kama njia ya kuleta [[utamaduni]] wa amani.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2010|title=More Television – Countdown – That Cold Day in the Park|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780571343096.ch-002|journal=Altman on Altman|doi=10.5040/9780571343096.ch-002}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Declaration of Principles on Tolerance 16 November 1995|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004164543.1-0.75|work=Standard-Setting at UNESCO|pages=692–695|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|access-date=2022-08-09}}</ref> Koichiro Matsuura, Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Shirika la Elimu, Sayansi na Utamaduni la Umoja wa Mataifa, ameandika kwamba elimu ya amani ni "muhimu wa kimsingi kwa misheni ya Umoja wa Mataifa na Shirika la Elimu, Sayansi na Utamaduni la [[Umoja wa Mataifa]]".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tomovska|first=Ana|date=2011-04|title=Peace education: exploring ethical and philosophical foundations|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2011.552266|journal=Journal of Peace Education|volume=8|issue=1|pages=81–82|doi=10.1080/17400201.2011.552266|issn=1740-0201}}</ref> Elimu ya amani kama haki inasisitizwa zaidi na watafiti wa amani kama vile Betty Reardon<ref>{{Citation|last=Reardon|first=Betty A.|title=Human Rights and the Renewal of the University|date=2014-08-27|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08967-6_12|work=SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice|pages=165–180|publisher=Springer International Publishing|isbn=978-3-319-08966-9|access-date=2022-08-09}}</ref> na Douglas Roche.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Langille|first=H. Peter|last2=Roche|first2=Douglas|date=2004|title=The Human Right to Peace|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40203940|journal=International Journal|volume=59|issue=2|pages=458|doi=10.2307/40203940|issn=0020-7020}}</ref> Pia, hivi karibuni kumekuwa na uhusiano kati ya [[elimu ya aman]]<nowiki/>i na elimu ya [[haki za binadamu]].<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1993-11|title=United Nations World Conference on Human Rights: Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900029326|journal=International Legal Materials|volume=32|issue=6|pages=1661–1687|doi=10.1017/s0020782900029326|issn=0020-7829}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:Diplomasia]] [[Jamii:USW]] ku139kunnyaodet4bu1cfrbwlq7y1do Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Luontopoika 3 156346 1241608 2022-08-09T11:58:01Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:58, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 2cewr7ccx3k3cdfxerxbnyqp49h007v Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ekki01 3 156347 1241609 2022-08-09T11:58:24Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:58, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 2cewr7ccx3k3cdfxerxbnyqp49h007v Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Alexrk2 3 156348 1241610 2022-08-09T11:58:48Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:58, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 2cewr7ccx3k3cdfxerxbnyqp49h007v