Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.25 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk 0 18574 1243549 1108429 2022-08-19T18:32:04Z FMSky 47199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{elementi | rangi = #ff99cc | jina = Curi (curium - pia '''Kuri''') | picha = Marie Curie (Nobel-Chem).jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = [[Marie Curie]] aliyeheshimiwa kwa jina | alama = Cm | namba atomia = 96 | mfululizo safu = [[Metali]] | uzani atomia = 247 | valensi = 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 9, 2 | densiti husianifu = 13.51  g·cm³ | kiwango cha kuyeyuka= 1613 K (1340 [[°C]]) | kiwango cha kuchemka= 3383 K (3110&nbsp;°C) | kiwango utatu = | % ganda dunia = 0^-17 % | hali maada = mango | mengineyo = }} '''Curi''' ni [[elementi]] katika [[mfumo radidia]] yenye alama '''Cm'''. [[Namba atomia]] ni '''96''' na [[uzani atomia]] ni 247. Ni [[metali]] [[nururifu]] ngumu sana inayohesabiwa kati ya [[elementi ya tamburania]]. Rangi yake ni kifedha-nyeupe. Ina [[fuwele]] za pembe sita. Curi iligunduliwa mwaka 1944 na wanasayansi Wamarekani waliofanya utafiti kwa mradi wa bomu ya nyuklia. Ilipatikana kutokana na majaribio ya [[plutoni]]. Jina limechaguliwa kwa heshima ya [[Marie Curie]] na [[Pierre Curie]]. Curi inatoa mnururisho mkali wa [[chembe alfa]] lakini inakosa [[chembe gamma]]. Matumizi yake ni katika beteri za pekee kwa mfano beteri za [[vifaa vya kurekebisha pigo la moyo]]. Beteri inayotumia nishati nururifu inadumu muda mrefu lakini ni muhimu kuepukana na chembe gamma hatari; chembe alfa haziharibu mwili wa kibinadamu. Elementi inatumiwa pia kwa kutengeneza tamburania nzito zaidi. {{mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:Aktinidi]] [[Jamii:Elementi]] ggsiaxsu2b3wj3kwwp16b6ez4uxbg8m 0 36285 1243541 1243404 2022-08-19T13:26:34Z ChriKo 35 Nyongeza mabingwa wa spishi wikitext text/x-wiki ^{Kwa gari la kijeshi linalobeba silaha tazama hapa: '''[[Kifaru (jeshi)]]'''} {{Uainishaji | rangi = #D3D3A4 | jina = Kifaru | picha = Rhino-216.jpg | upana_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Kifaru mweusi (''Diceros bicornis'') | domeni = | himaya = [[Animalia]] <small>(Wanyama)</small> | faila = [[Chordata]] <small>(Wanyama wenye [[ugwe wa neva]] mgongoni) | ngeli = [[Mammalia]] <small>(Wanyama wenye [[kiwele|viwele]] wanaonyonyesha wadogo wao) | oda = [[Perissodactyla]] <small>(Wanyama wenye kidole kimoja au vitatu mguuni)</small> | familia = [[Rhinocerotidae]] | bingwa_wa_familia = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1820 | subdivision = '''Jenasi 4, spishi 5, nususpishi 16:''' * ''[[Ceratotherium]]'' <small>[[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1868</small> ** ''[[Ceratotherium simum|C. simum]]'' <small>([[William John Burchell|Burchell]], 1817)</small> *** ''[[Ceratotherium simum cottoni|C. s. cottoni]]'' <small>[[Richard Lydekker|Lydekker]], 1908</small> *** ''[[Ceratotherium simum simum|C. s. simum]]'' <small>(Burchell, 1817)</small> * ''[[Dicerorhinus]]'' <small>[[Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger|Gloger]], 1841</small> ** ''[[Dicerorhinus sumatrensis|D. sumatrensis]]'' <small>([[Johann Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim|Fischer]], 1814)</small> *** ''[[Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni|D. s. harrissoni]]'' <small>([[Colin Groves|Groves]], 1965</small> *** ''[[Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis|D. s. lasiotis]]'' <small>[[William Buckland|Buckland]], 1872</small> *** ''[[Dicerorhinus sumatrensis sumatrensis|D. s. sumatrensis]]'' <small>(Fischer, 1814)</small> * ''[[Diceros]]'' <small>[[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1821</small> ** ''[[Diceros bicornis|D. bicornis]]'' <small>([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)</small> *** †''[[Diceros bicornis bicornis|D. b. bicornis]]'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> *** †''[[Diceros bicornis brucii|D. b. brucii]]'' <small>[[René-Primevère Lesson|Lesson]], 1842</small> *** ''[[Diceros bicornis chobiensis|D. b. chobiensis]]'' <small>[[Ludwig Zukowsky|Zukowsky]], 1965</small> *** ''[[Diceros bicornis ladoensis|D. b. ladoensis]]'' <small>Groves, 1967</small> *** †''[[Diceros bicornis longipes|D. b. longipes]]'' <small>Zukowsky, 1949</small> *** ''[[Diceros bicornis michaeli|D. b. michaeli]]'' <small>Zukowsky, 1965</small> *** ''[[Diceros bicornis minor|D. b. minor]]'' <small>([[William Henry Drummond|Drummond]], 1876)</small> *** ''[[Diceros bicornis occidentalis|D. b. occidentalis]]'' <small>(Zukowsky, 1922)</small> * ''[[Rhinoceros]]'' <small>[[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758</small> ** ''[[Rhinoceros sondaicus|R. sondaicus]]'' <small>[[Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest|Desmarest]], 1822</small> *** †''[[Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus|R. s. annamiticus]]'' <small>[[Pierre Marie Heude|Heude]], 1892</small> *** †''[[Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis|R. s. inermis]]'' <small>Lesson, 1838</small> *** ''[[Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus|R. s. sondaicus]]'' <small>Desmarest, 1822</small> ** ''[[Rhinoceros unicornis|R. unicornis]]'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small> }} '''Vifaru''' au '''faru''' ni [[wanyamapori]] wakubwa wa [[Familia (biolojia)|familia]] [[Rhinocerotidae]]. [[Spishi]] [[mbili]] zinapatikana [[Afrika]] na nyingine [[tatu]] huko [[Asia]]. Nchini [[Uhindi]] wanabaki faru 2700 tu na hata faru weupe nao wameadimika sana [[duniani]]. Faru hufahamika sana kwa [[umbo]] lake kubwa (ni miongoni mwa [[mnyama|wanyama]] [[walanyasi]] wakubwa sana ambao wanabakia); huku kila spishi ya faru ikikaribia kuwa na [[uzito]] wa [[tani]] [[moja]] na [[ngozi]] ngumu ya kujilinda, yenye [[unene]] wa [[sentimeta]] 1.5 – 5.0; [[ubongo]] mdogo wa [[mamalia]] ([[gramu]] 400 – 600) na [[pembe]] kubwa. Hula sana [[Jani|majani]]. Faru wana uwezo mkubwa wa kusikia na kunusa, lakini uoni wao si mzuri sana. Weusi huishi kwa miaka 60 na zaidi. Faru huthaminiwa sana kutokana na pembe zao. Pembe hizo zimetengenezwa kwa [[keratini]], [[protini]], sawa na ile inayopatikana kwenye [[nywele]] na [[kucha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/11/061106144951.htm |title=Scientists Crack Rhino Horn Riddle? |publisher=Ohio University |date=11 November 2006 |accessdate=15 October 2014}}</ref> Faru wa Afrika na [[Sumatra]] wana pembe mbili huku wale wa Uhindi na [[Java]] wakiwa na pembe moja tu. Faru wa Afrika hukosa [[meno]] ya mbele na kutegemea zaidi [[magego]] katika kusaga [[chakula]]. == Uainishaji == Kuna spishi tano zinazoweza kuwekwa katika makundi matatu. Spishi mbili za Afrika, [[faru mweupe]] ([[w:White rhinoceros|white rhinoceros]]) na [[faru mweusi]] ([[w:Black rhinoceros|black rhinoceros]]) walitokea kama miaka [[milioni]] 5 iliyopita. Tofauti kubwa kati ya faru mweupe na faru mweusi ni muundo wa [[Mdomo|midomo]] yao. Faru mweupe ana mdomo mpana kwa ajili ya kula nyasi huku mdomo wa faru mweusi ikiwa imechongoka kiasi. == Faru mweupe == [[Picha:Ceratotherium_simum_kwh_2.jpg|thumb|Faru mweupe huyu, White Rhinoceros, kimsingi ni wa kijivu]] Faru weupe kwa muonekano ni wa kijivu. Neno "mweupe" ni tafsiri ya nena la Kiingereza "white". Nadharia maarufu ni kwamba neno hilo linatokana na neno la [[Kiholanzi]] "wijd" au la [[Kiafrikaans]] "wyd", lililo na maana ya "pana", kwa sababu mdomo wa spishi hii ni mpana wenye umbo la mraba. Lakini nadharia hiyo inatiliwa shaka siku hizi<ref name="skinner">{{cite book|author1=Skinner, John D. |author2=Chimimba, Christian T. |title=The Mammals of the Southern African Subregion|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-84418-5|page=527}}</ref><ref name="White rhino name">{{Cite journal | journal = Pachyderm | author = Rookmaaker, Kees | title = Why the name of the white rhinoceros is not appropriate | volume = 34 | pages = 88–93 | year = 2003|url=http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/index.php?s=1&act=refs&CODE=ref_detail&id=1165243803}}</ref>. Faru mweupe ndiyo mnyama mkubwa wa ardhini baada ya [[tembo]]. Anakaribiana kidogo na faru wa India na kiboko. Faru weupe wana mwili uliojaa, na kichwa kikubwa, shingo fupi na kifua kipana. Faru anaweza kuzidi uzito wa kilogramu 3,500 na urefu wa mita 3.5 – 4.6 kuanzia kichwani na mabega ya urefu wa sentimeta 180 – 200. Uzito wa faru mweupe uliovunja rekodi ni ule wa kilogramu 4,500.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.safarinow.com/destinations/south-africa/articles/African-Rhinoceros.aspx |title=African Rhinoceros? |publisher=Safari Now |date=18 December 2013 |accessdate=15 October 2014}}</ref> Ana pembe mbili huku ile ya mbele ikiwa kubwa zaidi hata kufikia urefu wa sentimeta 90 – 150. Faru weupe pia wana nundu kubwa inayoshikilia vichwa vyao vizuri. Huwa na nywele kadhaa hasa kwenye masikio yao na mkiani, sehemu nyingine za mwili zikiwa zimesambaa kidogo tu. == Faru mweusi == [[Picha:Ostafrikanisches_Spitzmaulnashorn.JPG|thumb|Faru mweusi ana mdomo uliochongoka.]] Faru weusi wana mdomo uliochongoka. Wanafanana kwa rangi na faru weupe. Hii inachanganya sana, sababu majina yao ni tofauti lakini rangi zao ni sawa kabisa. Spishi hii ina spishi nyingine nne ndani yake. Faru mkubwa mweusi huwa na urefu wa sentimeta 132 – 180 mabegani mwake na urefu wa mita 2.8 – 3.8 kuanzia kichwani mwake.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bisbeesconservationfund.org/Conservation/SaveTheRhino/RhinoGeneralInfo.aspx |title=Black Rhinoceros? |publisher=Bisbee's Conservation Fund |accessdate=15 October 2015}}</ref> Huwa na uzito wa kilogramu 850 mpaka 1600, na wachache mpaka kg 1800, huku faru jike wakiwa na umbo dogo kiasi kuliko wanaume. Pembe kubwa mbili zimetengenezwa kwa keratini huku ile kubwa ya mbele ikiwa ina urefu wa mpaka sentimeta 50, na mmoja aliwahi hata kufikia sentimeta 140. Wakati fulani hata pembe la tatu hujitokeza. Faru weusi ni wadogo kiasi kuliko faru weupe, na wana mdomo uliochongoka kwa ajili ya kukusanya majani kabla ya kula. Kutokana na umuhimu wa wanyama hawa nchi ya Tanzania imeamua kuwatunza faru kwa kuwaweka sehemu isiyorasmi kwao kwa uangalizi mkubwa, maeneo kama grumeti na pia kwa kuwapa majina, kwa mfano Faru John. == Faru wa India == [[Picha:Panzernashorn2004.jpg|thumb|Faru wa India na mwanae.]] [[Picha:Xihan_rhino,_gold_&_silver_inlays.JPG|thumb|Sanamu ya Faru wa shaba, wa Western Han (202 K.K – 9 BK) nyakati za China]] Faru wa India hasa wanapatikana sana huko [[Nepal]] na hasa kaskazini – mashariki mwa India. Sasa wanapatikana [[Pakistan]] mpaka [[Bama]] na wamefika hadi [[China]]. Lakini kutokana na mwingiliano wa [[binadamu]], uwepo wao umeathirika na wameanza kupungua. Ngozi yao pana ya kahawia karibu na kijivu yenye mikunjo. Juu ya miguu yao na mabega yao kuna vijinundu, na wana nywele kidogo kwenye miili yao. Faru dume huwa wakubwa kiasi kuliko faru jike kufikia uzito wa kilogramu 2500 – 3200. Faru hawa wana urefu wa sentimeta 175 – 200 mabegani. Faru jike wa india hufikia mpaka uzito kilogramu 1900. Faru hawa hufikia mpaka urefu wa mita 3.0 – 4.0. Karibu theluthi mbili ya faru wote waliobaki duniani, wanapatikana katika mbuga ya Taifa Kaziranga huko India. == Faru wa Java == Hawa ndio mamalia wakubwa walio hatarini kutoweka. Mpaka mwaka 2002, walikuwa wamebaki faru 60, huko Java Indonesia na Vietnam. Hii ndio spishi ndogo kuliko wote. Wanyama hawa wanapenda kukaa kwenye misitu ya mvua, nyasi ndefu na maeneo yenye mafuriko ya hapa na pale na matope. Faru wa Java pia wana pembe moja. Pia ngozi yao ya kijivu ina mikunjo na wana nundu kama faru wa India, na hawana nywele. Urefu wa mwili wake ni mita 3.1 – 3.2, pamoja na kichwa na urefu wa mita 1.5 – 1.7. Faru wakubwa wanaripotiwa kufikia uzito wa kilogramu 900 – 1400 au 1360 – 2000, kwa chanzo tofauti. Pembe za faru dume hufikia mpaka sentimeta 26 huku faru jike huwa na nundu tu, na wakati mwingine hawana kabisa. == Faru wa Sumatra == [[Picha:Sumatran_Rhinoceros_-_Rapunzel.jpg|thumb|Faru wa Sumatra huko Bronx Zoo]] Hawa ndio faru wadogo kabisa katika spishi zote za faru na ndiye huyu pekee mwenye manyoya mengi na anayeweza kuishi katika sehemu za juu hasa za Borneo na Sumatra. Kutokana na kuharibika kwa makazi yao na ujangili, wameadimika sana na miongoni mwa mamalia walioadimika sana. Mpaka sasa inaaminika sana kwamba wamebaki faru 275 wa spishi hii. Faru wa Sumatra wana kimo cha urefu wa sentimeta 130 mpaka mabegani, na mwili wake wa urefu sentimeta 240 – 315, na wana uzito wa kilogramu 700, japo baadhi yao wana uzito hata kufikia kilogramu 1000. Kama faru wa Afrika, hao wana pembe mbili zenye urefu mpaka sentimeta 25 – 27 na ile pembe ya pili ni ndogo na huwa ndogo kufikia sentimeta 10. Faru dume wana pembe kubwa kuliko faru jike. Nywele/manyoya ya miili yao hupungua kadiri wanavyoongezeka umri. Rangi ya faru hawa ni kahawia – nyekundu. Mwili wao ni mfupi na miguu yao pia na midomo yao ina nguvu sana. == Marejeo == {{reflist|30em}} [[Jamii:Faru na jamaa]] [[Jamii:Wanyama wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Wanyama wa Asia]] 7pzh771yav42cl6l4w5c4ox8u6jf0fz 1243544 1243541 2022-08-19T13:57:09Z ChriKo 35 Masahihisho wikitext text/x-wiki ^{Kwa gari la kijeshi linalobeba silaha tazama hapa: '''[[Kifaru (jeshi)]]'''} {{Uainishaji | rangi = #D3D3A4 | jina = Kifaru | picha = Rhino-216.jpg | upana_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Kifaru mweusi (''Diceros bicornis'') | domeni = | himaya = [[Animalia]] <small>(Wanyama)</small> | faila = [[Chordata]] <small>(Wanyama wenye [[ugwe wa neva]] mgongoni) | ngeli = [[Mammalia]] <small>(Wanyama wenye [[kiwele|viwele]] wanaonyonyesha wadogo wao) | oda = [[Perissodactyla]] <small>(Wanyama wenye kidole kimoja au vitatu mguuni)</small> | familia = [[Rhinocerotidae]] | bingwa_wa_familia = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1820 | subdivision = '''Jenasi 4, spishi 5, nususpishi 16:''' * ''[[Ceratotherium]]'' <small>[[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1868</small> ** ''[[Ceratotherium simum|C. simum]]'' <small>([[William John Burchell|Burchell]], 1817)</small> *** ''[[Ceratotherium simum cottoni|C. s. cottoni]]'' <small>[[Richard Lydekker|Lydekker]], 1908</small> *** ''[[Ceratotherium simum simum|C. s. simum]]'' <small>(Burchell, 1817)</small> * ''[[Dicerorhinus]]'' <small>[[Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger|Gloger]], 1841</small> ** ''[[Dicerorhinus sumatrensis|D. sumatrensis]]'' <small>([[Johann Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim|Fischer]], 1814)</small> *** ''[[Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni|D. s. harrissoni]]'' <small>([[Colin Groves|Groves]], 1965</small> *** ''[[Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis|D. s. lasiotis]]'' <small>[[William Buckland|Buckland]], 1872</small> *** ''[[Dicerorhinus sumatrensis sumatrensis|D. s. sumatrensis]]'' <small>(Fischer, 1814)</small> * ''[[Diceros]]'' <small>[[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1821</small> ** ''[[Diceros bicornis|D. bicornis]]'' <small>([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)</small> *** †''[[Diceros bicornis bicornis|D. b. bicornis]]'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> *** †''[[Diceros bicornis brucii|D. b. brucii]]'' <small>[[René-Primevère Lesson|Lesson]], 1842</small> *** ''[[Diceros bicornis chobiensis|D. b. chobiensis]]'' <small>[[Ludwig Zukowsky|Zukowsky]], 1965</small> *** ''[[Diceros bicornis ladoensis|D. b. ladoensis]]'' <small>Groves, 1967</small> *** †''[[Diceros bicornis longipes|D. b. longipes]]'' <small>Zukowsky, 1949</small> *** ''[[Diceros bicornis michaeli|D. b. michaeli]]'' <small>Zukowsky, 1965</small> *** ''[[Diceros bicornis minor|D. b. minor]]'' <small>([[William Henry Drummond|Drummond]], 1876)</small> *** ''[[Diceros bicornis occidentalis|D. b. occidentalis]]'' <small>(Zukowsky, 1922)</small> * ''[[Rhinoceros]]'' <small>[[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758</small> ** ''[[Rhinoceros sondaicus|R. sondaicus]]'' <small>[[Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest|Desmarest]], 1822</small> *** †''[[Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus|R. s. annamiticus]]'' <small>[[Pierre Marie Heude|Heude]], 1892</small> *** †''[[Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis|R. s. inermis]]'' <small>Lesson, 1838</small> *** ''[[Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus|R. s. sondaicus]]'' <small>Desmarest, 1822</small> ** ''[[Rhinoceros unicornis|R. unicornis]]'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small> }} '''Vifaru''' au '''faru''' ni [[wanyamapori]] wakubwa wa [[Familia (biolojia)|familia]] [[Rhinocerotidae]]. [[Spishi]] [[mbili]] zinapatikana [[Afrika]] na nyingine [[tatu]] huko [[Asia]]. Nchini [[Uhindi]] wanabaki faru 2700 tu na hata faru weupe nao wameadimika sana [[duniani]]. Faru hufahamika sana kwa [[umbo]] lake kubwa (ni miongoni mwa [[mnyama|wanyama]] [[walanyasi]] wakubwa sana ambao wanabakia); huku kila spishi ya faru ikikaribia kuwa na [[uzito]] wa [[tani]] [[moja]] na [[ngozi]] ngumu ya kujilinda, yenye [[unene]] wa [[sentimeta]] 1.5 – 5.0; [[ubongo]] mdogo wa [[mamalia]] ([[gramu]] 400 – 600) na [[pembe]] kubwa. Hula sana [[Jani|majani]]. Faru wana uwezo mkubwa wa kusikia na kunusa, lakini uoni wao si mzuri sana. Weusi huishi kwa miaka 60 na zaidi. Faru huthaminiwa sana kutokana na pembe zao. Pembe hizo zimetengenezwa kwa [[keratini]], [[protini]], sawa na ile inayopatikana kwenye [[nywele]] na [[kucha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/11/061106144951.htm |title=Scientists Crack Rhino Horn Riddle? |publisher=Ohio University |date=11 November 2006 |accessdate=15 October 2014}}</ref> Faru wa Afrika na wa [[Sumatra]] wana pembe mbili huku wale wa Uhindi na wa [[Java]] wakiwa na pembe moja tu. Faru wa Afrika hukosa [[meno]] ya mbele na kutegemea zaidi [[magego]] katika kusaga [[chakula]]. == Uainishaji == Kuna spishi tano zinazoweza kuwekwa katika makundi matatu. Spishi mbili za Afrika, [[faru mweupe]] ([[w:White rhinoceros|white rhinoceros]]) na [[faru mweusi]] ([[w:Black rhinoceros|black rhinoceros]]) walitokea kama miaka [[milioni]] 5 iliyopita. Tofauti kubwa kati ya faru mweupe na faru mweusi ni muundo wa [[Mdomo|midomo]] yao. Faru mweupe ana mdomo mpana kwa ajili ya kula nyasi huku mdomo wa faru mweusi ikiwa imechongoka kiasi. == Faru mweupe (''Ceratotherium simum'') == [[Picha:Ceratotherium_simum_kwh_2.jpg|thumb|Faru mweupe huyu kimsingi ni wa kijivu]] [[Kifaru mweupe|Faru weupe]] kwa muonekano ni wa kijivu. Neno "mweupe" ni tafsiri ya neno la Kiingereza "white". Nadharia maarufu ni kwamba neno hilo linatokana na neno la [[Kiholanzi]] "wijd" au la [[Kiafrikaans]] "wyd", lililo na maana ya "pana", kwa sababu mdomo wa spishi hii ni mpana wenye umbo la mraba. Lakini nadharia hiyo inatiliwa shaka siku hizi<ref name="skinner">{{cite book|author1=Skinner, John D. |author2=Chimimba, Christian T. |title=The Mammals of the Southern African Subregion|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-84418-5|page=527}}</ref><ref name="White rhino name">{{Cite journal | journal = Pachyderm | author = Rookmaaker, Kees | title = Why the name of the white rhinoceros is not appropriate | volume = 34 | pages = 88–93 | year = 2003|url=http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/index.php?s=1&act=refs&CODE=ref_detail&id=1165243803}}</ref>. Spishi hii ina [[nususpishi]] mbili: faru mweupe kaskazi (''C. s. cottoni'') na faru mweupe kusi (''C. s. simum''). Wale wa kusini bado ni wengi kiasi, lakini leo (2022) majike wawili wa kaskazini wanabaki tu katika [[Hifadhi ya Ol Pejeta]] karibu na [[Nanyuki]], [[Kenya]]. Faru mweupe ndiyo mnyama mkubwa wa [[nchi kavu]] baada ya [[tembo]]. Anakaribiana kidogo na faru wa Uhindi na kiboko. Faru weupe wana mwili uliojaa, na kichwa kikubwa, shingo fupi na kifua kipana. Faru anaweza kuzidi uzito wa kilogramu 3,500 na urefu wa mita 3.5 – 4.6 kuanzia kichwani na mabega ya urefu wa sentimeta 180 – 200. Uzito wa faru mweupe uliovunja rekodi ni ule wa kilogramu 4,500.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.safarinow.com/destinations/south-africa/articles/African-Rhinoceros.aspx |title=African Rhinoceros? |publisher=Safari Now |date=18 December 2013 |accessdate=15 October 2014}}</ref> Ana pembe mbili huku ile ya mbele ikiwa kubwa zaidi hata kufikia urefu wa sentimeta 90 – 150. Faru weupe pia wana nundu kubwa inayoshikilia vichwa vyao vizuri. Huwa na nywele kadhaa hasa kwenye masikio yao na mkiani, sehemu nyingine za mwili zikiwa zimesambaa kidogo tu. == Faru mweusi (''Diceros bicornis'') == [[Picha:Ostafrikanisches_Spitzmaulnashorn.JPG|thumb|Faru mweusi ana mdomo uliochongoka.]] [[Kifaru mweusi|Faru weusi]] wana mdomo uliochongoka. Wanafanana kwa rangi na faru weupe. Hii inachanganya sana, sababu majina yao ni tofauti lakini rangi zao ni sawa kabisa. Spishi hii ina nususpishi tiso ndani yake, ambazo tatu zimeisha sasa na moja labda pia. Faru mkubwa mweusi huwa na urefu wa sentimeta 132 – 180 mabegani mwake na urefu wa mita 2.8 – 3.8 kuanzia kichwani mwake.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bisbeesconservationfund.org/Conservation/SaveTheRhino/RhinoGeneralInfo.aspx |title=Black Rhinoceros? |publisher=Bisbee's Conservation Fund |accessdate=15 October 2015}}</ref> Huwa na uzito wa kilogramu 850 mpaka 1600, na wachache mpaka kg 1800, huku faru jike wakiwa na umbo dogo kiasi kuliko wanaume. Pembe kubwa mbili zimetengenezwa kwa keratini huku ile kubwa ya mbele ikiwa ina urefu wa mpaka sentimeta 50, na mmoja aliwahi hata kufikia sentimeta 140. Wakati fulani hata pembe la tatu hujitokeza. Faru weusi ni wadogo kiasi kuliko faru weupe, na wana mdomo uliochongoka kwa ajili ya kukusanya majani kabla ya kula. Kutokana na umuhimu wa wanyama hawa nchi ya Tanzania imeamua kuwatunza faru kwa kuwaweka sehemu isiyorasmi kwao kwa uangalizi mkubwa, maeneo kama grumeti na pia kwa kuwapa majina, kwa mfano Faru John. == Faru wa Uhindi (''Rhinoceros unicornis'') == [[Picha:Panzernashorn2004.jpg|thumb|Faru wa Uhindi na mwanae.]] [[Picha:Xihan_rhino,_gold_&_silver_inlays.JPG|thumb|Sanamu ya Faru wa shaba, wa Western Han (202 K.K – 9 BK) nyakati za China]] [[Kifaru wa Uhindi|Faru wa Uhindi]] hasa wanapatikana sana huko [[Nepal]] na hasa kaskazini – mashariki mwa India. Sasa wanapatikana [[Pakistan]] mpaka [[Bama]] na wamefika hadi [[China]]. Lakini kutokana na mwingiliano wa [[binadamu]], uwepo wao umeathirika na wameanza kupungua. Ngozi yao pana ya kahawia karibu na kijivu yenye mikunjo. Juu ya miguu yao na mabega yao kuna vijinundu, na wana nywele kidogo kwenye miili yao. Faru dume huwa wakubwa kiasi kuliko faru jike kufikia uzito wa kilogramu 2500 – 3200. Faru hawa wana urefu wa sentimeta 175 – 200 mabegani. Faru jike wa india hufikia mpaka uzito kilogramu 1900. Faru hawa hufikia mpaka urefu wa mita 3.0 – 4.0. Karibu theluthi mbili ya faru wote waliobaki duniani, wanapatikana katika mbuga ya Taifa Kaziranga huko India. == Faru wa Java (''Rhinoceros sondaicus'') == Hawa ndio mamalia wakubwa walio hatarini kutoweka. Mpaka mwaka 2002, walikuwa wamebaki faru 60, huko Java Indonesia na Vietnam. Hii ndio spishi ndogo kuliko wote. Wanyama hawa wanapenda kukaa kwenye misitu ya mvua, nyasi ndefu na maeneo yenye mafuriko ya hapa na pale na matope. [[Kifaru wa Java|Faru wa Java]] pia wana pembe moja. Pia ngozi yao ya kijivu ina mikunjo na wana nundu kama faru wa India, na hawana nywele. Urefu wa mwili wake ni mita 3.1 – 3.2, pamoja na kichwa na urefu wa mita 1.5 – 1.7. Faru wakubwa wanaripotiwa kufikia uzito wa kilogramu 900 – 1400 au 1360 – 2000, kwa chanzo tofauti. Pembe za faru dume hufikia mpaka sentimeta 26 huku faru jike huwa na nundu tu, na wakati mwingine hawana kabisa. == Faru wa Sumatra (''Dicerorhinus sumatrensis'') == [[Picha:Sumatran_Rhinoceros_-_Rapunzel.jpg|thumb|Faru wa Sumatra huko Bronx Zoo]] Hawa ndio faru wadogo kabisa katika spishi zote za faru na ndiye huyu pekee mwenye manyoya mengi na anayeweza kuishi katika sehemu za juu hasa za Borneo na Sumatra. Kutokana na kuharibika kwa makazi yao na ujangili, wameadimika sana na miongoni mwa mamalia walioadimika sana. Mpaka sasa inaaminika sana kwamba wamebaki faru 275 wa spishi hii. [[Kifaru wa Sumatra|Faru wa Sumatra]] wana kimo cha urefu wa sentimeta 130 mpaka mabegani, na mwili wake wa urefu sentimeta 240 – 315, na wana uzito wa kilogramu 700, japo baadhi yao wana uzito hata kufikia kilogramu 1000. Kama faru wa Afrika, hao wana pembe mbili zenye urefu mpaka sentimeta 25 – 27 na ile pembe ya pili ni ndogo na huwa ndogo kufikia sentimeta 10. Faru dume wana pembe kubwa kuliko faru jike. Nywele/manyoya ya miili yao hupungua kadiri wanavyoongezeka umri. Rangi ya faru hawa ni kahawia – nyekundu. Mwili wao ni mfupi na miguu yao pia na midomo yao ina nguvu sana. == Marejeo == {{reflist|30em}} [[Jamii:Faru na jamaa]] [[Jamii:Wanyama wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Wanyama wa Asia]] sbsr68dmv51qq0t5v1hi3q9yip4eehg 0 65015 1243545 1197993 2022-08-19T14:59:26Z ChriKo 35 Spishi katika sanduku wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uainishaji | rangi = pink | jina = Sengi | picha = Petrodromus tetradactylus-Zootaxa.jpg | upana_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Isanje (''Petrodromus tetradactylus'') | domeni = [[Eukaryota]] <small>(Viumbe walio na seli zenye kiini)</small> | himaya = [[Animalia]] <small>(Wanyama)</small> | faila = [[Chordata]] <small>(Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni)</small> | ngeli = [[Mammalia]] <small>(Wanyama wenye viwele wanaonyonyesha wadogo wao)</small> | oda_ya_juu = [[Afrotheria]] <small>(Wanyama ambao wahenga wao waliishi [[Afrika]])</small> | oda = [[Macroscelidea]] <small>(Wanyama kama [[isanje]])</small> | familia = [[Macroscelididae]] | bingwa_wa_familia = [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1838 | subdivision = '''Jenasi 4, spishi 20:''' * ''[[Elephantulus]]'' <small>[[Oldfield Thomas|Thomas]] & [[Harold Schwann|Schwann]], 1906</small> ** ''[[Elephantulus brachyrhynchus|E. brachyrhynchus]]'' <small>([[Andrew Smith|Smith]], 1834)</small> ** ''[[Elephantulus edwardii|E. edwardii]]'' <small>(Smith, 1839</small> ** ''[[Elephantulus fuscipes|E. fuscipes]]'' <small>(Thomas, 1894)</small> ** ''[[Elephantulus fuscus|E. fuscus]]'' <small>([[Wilhelm Carl Hartwig Peters|Peters]], 1852)</small> ** ''[[Elephantulus intufi|E. intufi]]'' <small>(Smith, 1836)</small> ** ''[[Elephantulus myurus|E. myurus]]'' <small>Thomas & Schwann, 1906</small> ** ''[[Elephantulus pilicaudus|E. pilicaudus]]'' <small>[[Hanneline A. Smit|Smit]] ''et al.'', 2008</small> ** ''[[Elephantulus rupestris|E. rupestris]]'' <small>(Smith, 1831)</small> * ''[[Galegeeska]]'' <small>[[Steven Heritage|Heritage]] ''et al.'', 2020</small> ** ''[[Galegeeska revoilii|G. revoilii]]'' <small>([[Joseph Huet|Huet]], 1881)</small> ** ''[[Galegeeska rufescens|G. rufescens]]'' <small>(Peters, 1878)</small> * ''[[Macroscelides]]'' <small>[[Andrew Smith|A. Smith]], 1829</small> ** ''[[Macroscelides flavicaudatus|M. flavicaudatus]]'' <small>[[Bengt G. Lundholm|Lundholm]], 1955</small> ** ''[[Macroscelides micus|M. micus]]'' <small>[[John P. Dumbacher|Dumbacher]] & [[Galen B. Rathbun|Rathbun]], 2014</small> ** ''[[Macroscelides proboscideus|M. proboscideus]]'' <small>([[George Kearsley Shaw|Shaw]], 1800)</small> * ''[[Petrodromus]]'' <small>Peters, 1846</small> ** ''[[Petrodromus tetradactylus|P. tetradactylus]]'' <small>Peters, 1846</small> * ''[[Petrosaltator]]'' <small>Rathbun & Dumbacher, 2016</small> ** ''[[Petrosaltator rozeti|P. rozeti]]'' <small>([[Georges Louis Duvernoy|Duvernoy]], 1833)</small> * ''[[Rhynchocyon]]'' <small>Peters, 1847</small> ** ''[[Rhynchocyon chrysopygus|R. chrysopygus]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1881</small> ** ''[[Rhynchocyon cirnei|R. cirnei]]'' <small>(Peters, 1847)</small> ** ''[[Rhynchocyon petersi|R. petersi]]'' <small>([[José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage|Bocage]], 1880)</small> ** ''[[Rhynchocyon stuhlmanni|R. stuhlmanni]]'' <small>[[Georg Friedrich Paul Matschie|Matschie]], 1893</small> ** ''[[Rhynchocyon udzungwensis|R. udzungwensis]]'' <small>[[Francesco Rovero|Rovero]] & Rathbun, 2008</small> }} '''Sengi''', '''njule''' au '''isanje''' ni [[mnyama|wanyama]] wadogo wa [[familia (biolojia)|familia]] [[Macroscelididae]]. Jina la njule litumika kwa [[jenasi]] ''[[Rhynchocyon]]'' na isanje litumika kwa ''[[Petrodromus tetradactylus]]''. Wanatokea [[Afrika]] [[kusini kwa Sahara]] katika maeneo mbalimbali. Sifa bainifu mno ya sengi ni [[pua]] yao refu sana ambayo wanaweza kuipota ili kutafuta chakula. Hii inafanana kidogo na [[mwiro]] wa [[tembo]] na ni chimbuko cha jina lao la [[Kiingereza]] "[[w:Elephant shrew|elephant shrew]]". Miguu yao ni mirefu kwa kulinganisha na huenda wakirukaruka kama [[sungura]]. Rangi yao ni kahawia au kijivu kwa kawaida lakini spishi nyingine zina rangi kali pia kama nyekundu au njano. Hula [[invertebrata]] kama [[mdudu|wadudu]], [[buibui]], [[jongoo|majongoo]], [[tandu]] na [[nyunguyungu]]. ==Spishi== * ''Elephantulus brachyrhynchus'', [[Sengi Pua-fupi]] ([[w:Short-snouted elephant shrew|Short-snouted elephant shrew]] au xengi) * ''Elephantulus edwardii'', [[Sengi-rasi]] ([[w:Cape elephant shrew|Cape elephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Elephantulus fuscipes'', [[Sengi Miguu-myeusi]] ([[w:Dusky-footed elephant shrew|Dusky-footed elephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Elephantulus fuscus'', [[Sengi Mweusi]] ([[w:Dusky elephant shrew|Dusky elephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Elephantulus intufi'', [[Sengi-nyika]] ([[w:Bushveld elephant shrew|Bushveld elephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Elephantulus myurus'', [[Sengi-mawe Mashariki]] ([[w:Eastern rock elephant shrew|Eastern rock elephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Elephantulus pilicaudus'', [[Sengi-mawe wa Karuu]] ([[w:Karoo rock elephant shrew|Karoo rock elephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Elephantulus rupestris'', [[Sengi-mawe Magharibi]] ([[w:Western rock elephant shrew|Western rock elephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Galegeeska revoili'', [[Sengi Somali]] ([[w:Somali elephant shrew|Somali elephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Galegeeska rufescens'', [[Sengi Kahawiachekundu]] ([[w:Rufous elephant shrew|Rufous elephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Macroscelides flavicaudatus'', [[Sengi Masikio-mafupi wa Namibia]] ([[w:Namib short-eared elephant shrew|Namib short-eared elephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Macroscelides micus'', [[Sengi Masikio-mafupi wa Etendeka]] ([[w:Etendeka short-eared elephant shrew|Etendeka short-eared elephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Macroscelides proboscideus'', [[Sengi Masikio-mafupi wa Karuu]] ([[w:Karoo short-eared slephant shrew|Karoo short-eared elephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Petrodromus tetradactylus'', Sengi Vidole-vinne au [[Isanje]] ([[w:Four-toed elephant shrew|Four-toed elephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Petrosaltator rozeti'', [[Sengi Kaskazi]] ([[w:North African elephant shrew|North African elephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Rhynchocyon chrysopygus'', Sengi au [[Njule wa Gedi]] ([[w:Golden-rumped elephant shrew|Golden-rumped elephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Rhynchocyon cirnei'', Sengi au [[Njule Madoa]] ([[w:Checkered elephant shrew|Checkered slephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Rhynchocyon petersi'', Sengi au [[Njule Kinguja]] ([[w:Black and rufous elephant shrew|Black and rufous elephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Rhynchocyon stuhlmanni'', Sengi au [[Njule wa Stuhlmann]] ([[w:Stuhlmann's elephant shrew|Stuhlmann's elephant shrew]] au sengi) * ''Rhynchocyon udzungwensis'', Sengi au [[Njule wa Udzungwa]] ([[w:Grey-faced elephant shrew|Grey-faced elephant shrew]] au sengi) ==Picha== <gallery> Elephantulus brachyrhynchus00.jpg|Sengi pua-fupi Bushveld-elephant-shrew.jpg|Sengi-nyika Eastern Rock Elephant Shrew.jpg|Sengi-mawe mashariki Elephantulus rupestris00.jpg|Sengi-mawe magharibi Galegeeska revoili - Heritage et al 2020.png|Sengi Somali Macroscelides flavicaudatus.jpg|Sengi masikio-mafupi wa Namibia Ear-tagged and radio-collared Macroscelides micus.png|Sengi masikio-mafupi wa Etendeka Macroscelides proboscideus -Zoo Frankfurt 1.jpg|Sengi masikio-mafupi wa Karuu Petrosaltator rozeti-Zootaxa.jpg|Sengi kaskazi Flickr - Rainbirder - Weird and bizarre (The Golden-rumped Sengi).jpg|Njule wa Gedi Rhynchocyon de Cerne.jpg|Njule madoa Rhynchocyon petersi one.JPG|Njule kinguja The Congo Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History (1919) (20687278031).jpg|Sengi wa Stuhlmann Rhynchocyon udzungwensis Tanzania F. Rovero.jpg|Njule wa Udzungwa </gallery> {{Macroscelidea}} [[Jamii:Isanje na jamaa]] [[Jamii:Wanyama wa Afrika]] 8d14ez04m074usatcxh40szrcewuvpp 0 68813 1243577 1226984 2022-08-20T08:25:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album |Jina = 2001 |Type = studio |Msanii = [[Dr. Dre]] |Cover = DrDre-2001.jpg |Imetolewa = November 16, 1999 |Imerekodiwa = 1998/1999 |Aina = [[West Coast hip hop]], [[gangsta rap]], [[G-funk]] |Urefu = 68:01 |Studio = [[Aftermath Entertainment|Aftermath]], [[Interscope Records|Interscope]] |Mtayarishaji = [[Dr. Dre]] <small>(nae mt. mtendaji)</small>, [[Mel-Man]], [[Scott Storch]], [[Lord Finesse]] |Albamu iliyopita = ''[[The Chronic]]''<br />(1992) |Albamu ya sasa = '''''2001'''''<br />(1999) |Albamu ijayo = ''[[Detox (Dr. Dre)|Detox]]''<br />(Kutangazwa) |Misc = {{Singles |Jina = 2001 |Type = studio |single 1 = [[Still D.R.E.]] |single 1 tarehe = Oktoba 13, 1999 |single 2 = [[Forgot About Dre]] |single 2 tarehe = Januari 29, 2000 |single 3 = [[The Next Episode]] |single 3 tarehe = Julai 3, 2000 |single 4 = [[The Watcher (Dr. Dre)|The Watcher]] |single 4 tarehe = Februari 26, 2001<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.fr/The-Watcher-Dr-Dre/dp/B00005A7BQ/ref=sr_1_1?s=music&ie=UTF8&qid=1337247113&sr=1-1 |title=The Watcher: Dr. Dre, Dr Dre and Eminem: Amazon.fr: Musique |publisher=Amazon.fr |date= |accessdate=2012-11-09}}</ref> }}}} '''''2001''''' ni jina la albamu ya pili ya msanii na mtayarishaji wa [[muziki wa hip hop]] kutoka nchini [[Marekani]] - [[Dr. Dre]]. Albamu ilitolewa mnamo tar. 16 Novemba, 1999, kupitia studio za [[Interscope Records]]. Hili ni toleo la pili baada ya albamu ya kwanza ya Dr. Dre ''[[The Chronic]]'' (1992). Kimsingi ilitayarishwa na Dr. Dre na [[Mel-Man]], na [[Lord Finesse]], na kushirikisha michango kadha wa kadha kutoka kwa marapa wengine kama vile [[Hittman]], [[Snoop Dogg]], [[Kurupt]], [[Xzibit]], [[Nate Dogg]], na [[Eminem]]. ''2001'' inadhihirisha upanuzi katika kuandaa midundo ya [[G-funk]] ambayo ina maudhui ya [[gangsta rap]] au rap ya kihuni au kisela - kukiwa na utata kama vile vurugu, uimbaji ovyo-ovyo, matumzi ya madawa ya kulevya, masela wa mtaa, na uhalifu. Albamu iliingia moja kwa moja hadi nafasi ya pili kwenye chati za [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] huko nchini Marekani, na kuuza nakala 516,000 katika wiki yake ya kwanza. Ina vibao vyake vikali vitatu vilivyopelekea albamu kupata kupewa ngazi ya platinamu na [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]] kwa kufanya mauzo yake ya nakala milioni sita nchini Marekani pekee. Licha ya hali yake ya kupondwa dhidi ya maudhui na mashairi yake ya kihuni/kisela sana, ''2001'' imepokea tahakiki mwanana kutoka kwa wataalamu wa kutathmini muziki. Albamu ilisifiwa na watunzi wa nyimbo wa kudumisha mtindo wa [[West Coast hip hop]] baada ya kimya cha miaka mingi, wakati anaonesha hilo Dr. Dre anaweza kubaki kuwa maarufu hata kwa wasikilizaji wa kizazi kipya. == Historia== == Mapokeo ya kitahakiki == {{Album ratings | rev1 = [[Allmusic]] | rev1Score = {{rating|4|5}}<ref name=AMG /> | rev2 = [[Robert Christgau]] | rev2Score = C<ref name="Christgau"/> | rev3 = ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' | rev3Score = A−<ref name=EW/> | rev4 = ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' | rev4Score = {{Rating|3.5|4}}<ref>Calendar Writers (December 2, 1999). "[http://articles.latimes.com/1999/dec/02/entertainment/ca-39531?pg=1 Listen Up, Elves!]". ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. Retrieved on 2009-07-11.</ref> | rev5 = ''[[NME]]'' | rev5Score = 6/10<ref name=NME /> | rev6 = [[PopMatters]] | rev6Score = 8/10<ref name=PopMatters/> | rev7 = ''[[The Rolling Stone Album Guide]]'' | rev7Score = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref name="Hoard">Hoard, Christian (ed.). "[http://books.google.com/books?id=lRgtYCC6OUwC&pg=PA249&dq= The Rolling Stone Album Guide]". ''[[Rolling Stone]]'': 249. November 2, 2004. Portions posted at {{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/dr-dre/albumguide |title=Dr. Dre: Album Guide |publisher=''Rolling Stone'' |accessdate=2012-09-08}}</ref> | rev8 = ''[[The Source (magazine)|The Source]]'' | rev8Score = {{Rating|4.5|5}}<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=Dr.+Dre+2001+The+Source&m=text|title=Dr. Dre 2001|journal=[[The Source (magazine)|The Source]]|issue=January 2000|page=pp.185–6|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5iStKQlwZ?url=http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=Dr.+Dre+2001+The+Source|archivedate=2009-07-22|deadurl=no|accessdate=2009-07-12}}</ref> | rev9 = ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]'' | rev9Score = 7/10<ref name="Tate"/> |}} ==Orodha ya nyimbo== *Nyimbo zote zimetayarishwa na [[Dr. Dre]] na [[Mel-Man]], kasoro "The Message" imetayarishwa na [[Lord Finesse]]. {{Track listing | writing_credits = yes | title1 = Lolo | note1 = intro) (akiwa_na [[Xzibit]] and [[Tray Deee|Tray-Dee]] | writer1 = Ilyasse Merazka | length1 = 0:40 | title2 = [[The Watcher (Dr. Dre song)|The Watcher]] | writer2 = [[Nas|Nasir Jones]], [[Andre Young]], Ilyasse Merazka | length2 = 3:26 | title3 = Fuck You | note3 = akiwa_na [[Devin the Dude|Devin the Dude]] and [[Snoop Dogg]] | writer3 = Young, [[Hittman|Brian Bailey]], [[Snoop Dogg|Calvin Broadus]], [[Devin the Dude|Devin Copeland]], Merazka | length3 = 3:25 | title4 = [[Still D.R.E.]] | note4 = akiwa_na Snoop Dogg | writer4 = Young, [[Mel-Man|Melvin Bradford]], [[Scott Storch]], [[Jay-Z|Shawn Carter]], Merazka | length4 = 4:30 | title5 = Big Ego's | note5 = akiwa_na [[Hittman (rapper)|Hittman]] | writer5 = Young, Bailey, Bradford, Storch, [[The D.O.C.|Tracy Curry]], Richard Bembery, Merazka | length5 = 3:57 | title6 = [[Xxplosive]] | note6 = akiwa_na Hittman, [[Kurupt]], [[Nate Dogg]] and Six-Two | writer6 = Young, Bailey, [[Kurupt|Ricardo Brown]], Craig Longmiles, [[Nate Dogg|Nathaniel Hale]], [[Chris "The Glove" Taylor|Chris Taylor]], Merazka | length6 = 3:35 | title7 = What's the Difference | note7 = akiwa_na [[Eminem]] and Xzibit | writer7 = Bradford, [[Eminem|Marshall Mathers]], Bembery, [[Xzibit|Alvin Joiner]], Stefan Harris | length7 = 4:04 | title8 = Bar One | note8 = akiwa_na Traci Nelson, Ms. Roq and [[Eddie Griffin]] | writer8 = Merazka | length8 = 0:51 | title9 = Light Speed | note9 = akiwa_na Hittman | writer9 = Young, Bailey, Brown, Merazka | length9 = 2:40 | title10 = [[Forgot About Dre]] | note10 = akiwa_na Eminem | writer10 = Young, Brown, Mathers | length10 = 3:42 | title11 = [[The Next Episode]] | note11 = akiwa_na Snoop Dogg, Kurupt and Nate Dogg | writer11 = Young, Brown, Bailey, Bradford, Broadus | length11 = 2:41 | title12 = Let's Get High | note12 = akiwa_na Hittman, Kurupt and Ms. Roq | writer12 = Young, Bailey, Mathers, Brown, Racquel Weaver, Merazka | length12 = 2:27 | title13 = Bitch Niggaz | note13 = akiwa_na Snoop Dogg, Hittman and Six-Two | writer13 = Bailey, Bradford, Broadus, Longmiles, Merazka | length13 = 4:13 | title14 = The Car Bomb | note14 = akiwa_na [[Mel-Man]] and Charis Henry | writer14 = | length14 = 1:00 | title15 = Murder Ink | note15 = akiwa_na Hittman and Ms. Roq | writer15 = Young, Bailey, Weaver | length15 = 2:28 | title16 = Ed-Ucation | note16 = akiwa_na Eddie Griffin | writer16 = | length16 = 1:32 | title17 = Some L.A. Niggaz | note17 = akiwa_na [[Defari|DeFari]], Hittman, Xzibit, [[Knoc-turn'al|Knoc-Turn'al]], Time Bomb, [[King Tee|King T]], [[MC Ren]] na [[Kokane]] | writer17 = Young, Bailey, Joiner, Duane Johnson, [[Knoc-turn'al|Royal Harbor]], Marquese Holder, [[King Tee|Roger McBride]] | length17 = 4:25 | title18 = Pause 4 Porno | note18 = akiwa_na [[Jake Steed]] | writer18 = Laylaw & Aaron Harris | length18 = 1:32 | title19 = Housewife | note19 = akiwa_na Kurupt na Hittman | writer19 = Young, Bailey, Bradford, Brown, Curry | length19 = 4:02 | title20 = Ackrite | note20 = akiwa_na Hittman | writer20 = Young, Bailey, Bradford, Merazka | length20 = 3:39 | title21 = Bang Bang | note21 = akiwa_na Knoc-Turn'al and Hittman | writer21 = Young, Bailey, Mathers, Harbor, Merazka | length21 = 3:42 | title22 = The Message | note22 = akiwa_na [[Mary J. Blige]] na [[Gerrell Gaddis|Rell]] | writer22 = [[Royce da 5'9"|Ryan Montgomery]] | length22 = 5:30 }} ==Chti zake== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} === Chati za kila wiki === {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Mwaka !Chati !Nafasi |- |rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|1999 |Dutch Albums Chart<ref name=NZCharts/> | style="text-align:center;"|17 |- |[[UK Albums Chart|UK Albums Top 100]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/dr.%20dre|title=Dr. Dre|date=1999-11-27|work=[[The Official Charts Company]]|accessdate=2011-03-10}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|4 |- |US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]<ref name="AMG-Charts">[{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r441973/charts-awards|pure_url=yes}} ''2001'' - Billboard Albums]. Allmusic. Accessed March 10, 2011.</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|2 |- |US ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]]<ref name=AMG-Charts/> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- |rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|2000 |Belgian Albums Chart (Flanders)<ref name=NZCharts/> | style="text-align:center;"|13 |- |[[Belgian Albums Chart]] (Wallonia)<ref name=NZCharts/> | style="text-align:center;"|36 |- |[[Canadian Albums Chart]]<ref name=CanadianCharts>{{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.9708&type=1&interval=50&PHPSESSID=c6btf3r8hs459qqt5ln3o3dcv5|title=Top Albums/CDs - Volume 70, No. 15, February 21, 2000|publisher=''[[RPM (magazine)|RPM]]''|accessdate=2010-10-11}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|2 |- |[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|France Albums Chart]]<ref name=NZCharts/> | style="text-align:center;"|15 |- |New Zealand Albums Chart<ref name=NZCharts>[http://charts.org.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=Dr%2E+Dre&titel=2001&cat=a Dr. Dre - ''2001''] {{Wayback|url=http://charts.org.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=Dr%2E+Dre&titel=2001&cat=a |date=20180304120342 }}. NewZealandCharts. Accessed March 10, 2011.</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|11 |- |[[VG-lista|Norway Albums Chart]]<ref name=NZCharts/> | style="text-align:center;"|26 |- |[[Swiss Music Charts]]<ref name=NZCharts/> | style="text-align:center;"|50 |- |style="text-align:center;"|2001 |[[Irish Albums Chart|Ireland Albums Top 75]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Farchive%2Findex_test.jsp&ct=240002&arch=t&lyr=2001&year=2001&week=11|title=Top 75 Artist Album, Week Ending 15 March 2001|date=2001-03-15|work=GFK Chart-Track|accessdate=2011-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607005305/http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Farchive%2Findex_test.jsp&ct=240002&arch=t&lyr=2001&year=2001&week=11|archivedate=2012-06-07}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|7 |- | style="text-align:center;"|2011 |US ''Billboard'' [[Top Pop Catalog Albums|Top Catalog Albums]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://%7b%7bbillboardurlbyname%7cartist=dr./|title=2001 - Dr. Dre|date=2011-03-19|work=Billboard|accessdate=2011-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110330060213/http://%7b%7bbillboardurlbyname%7cartist=dr./|archivedate=2011-03-30|deadurl=no}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|32 |} {{col-2}} ===Chati za mwishoni mwa mwaka === {| class="wikitable" |- !scope="col"| Chati (2000) !scope="col"| Nafasi |- |US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2000/the-billboard-200|title=Year-end Charts: The Billboard 200|work=Billboard|accessdate=2011-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061020154002/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2000/the-billboard-200|archivedate=2006-10-20}}</ref> |style="text-align:center;"|5 |- |US ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Top+R%26B/Hip-Hop+Albums&g=Year-end+Albums&year=2000|title=Year-end Charts: Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|work=Billboard|accessdate=2011-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061020162652/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Top+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Albums&g=Year-end+Albums&year=2000|archivedate=2006-10-20}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |} === Chati za mwishoni mwa muongo === {| class="wikitable" |- !scope="col"| Chati (miaka ya 2000) !scope="col"| Nafasi |- |US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]<ref>{{cite web|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=dr. dre|chart=all}}|title=Best of the 2000s: Billboard 200 Albums|work=Billboard|accessdate=2011-01-10| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20101210111551/http://www.billboard.com/charts/1999-04-10/r-b-hip-hop-albums| archivedate= 10 December 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> |style="text-align:center;"|17 |- |US ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/features/best-of-the-2000s-1004051233.story#/../../charts-decade-end/r-b-hip-hop-albums?year=2009|title=Best of the 2000s: R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|work=Billboard|accessdate=2011-01-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210050054/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/266473/best-of-the-2000s-the-decade-in-charts-and-more#/../../charts-decade-end/r-b-hip-hop-albums?year=2009|archivedate=2010-12-10|deadurl=no}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |} {{col-end}} ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} == Marejeo == *{{cite book| author = [[Nathan Brackett]], Christian Hoard | title = [[Rolling Stone Album Guide|The New Rolling Stone Album Guide]] | others = Completely Revised and Updated 4th Edition | publisher = Simon and Schuster | year = 2004 | location = | isbn = 0-7432-0169-8}} == Viungo vya Nje== * {{Discogs master |master=33886 |name=2001 |type=album}} * [http://www.acclaimedmusic.net/Current/A3770.htm Accolades: ''2001''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.acclaimedmusic.net/Current/A3770.htm |date=20110706135149 }} at Acclaimed Music * [http://www.sputnikmusic.com/album.php?albumid=6875 Staff Review] at [[Sputnikmusic]] {{Dr. Dre}} [[Jamii:Albamu za 1999]] [[Jamii:Albamu za Dr. Dre]] [[Jamii:Albamu za Aftermath Entertainment]] [[Jamii:Albamu zilizotayarishwa na Scott Storch]] [[Jamii:Albamu zilizotayarishwa na Lord Finesse]] [[Jamii:Albamu zilizotayarishwa na Dr. Dre]] [[Jamii:Albamu zilizotayarishwa na Mel-Man]] ex3hubza4b5rcuccoo10qjozqq7sgpl 0 91253 1243581 1085709 2022-08-20T10:13:10Z Pamokooo 55414 Fixed typo wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Pat Roberts official Senate photo.jpg|alt=Ni moja wa viongozi wanaoshika madaraka yao vizuri|thumb|Ni moja wa viongozi wanaoshika madaraka yao vizuri]] '''Madaraka''' ni uwezo ambao [[mtu]] hupewa ili kuongoza kundi fulani la [[watu]]. Madaraka hayo huweza kufikia kuwa ya kuongoza [[kundi]] kubwa la watu au hata [[nchi]] nzima.Uongozi unaweza kuwa ni wa mtu mmoja mmoja au wa kundi kubwa la watu. Madaraka hutolewa kwa [[njia]] [[mbili]] ambazo ni kuteuliwa au kuchaguliwa. [[Uongozi]] wa kuchaguliwa hupatikana kwa kupiga [[kura]] huku [[uongozi]] wa kuteuliwa ukipatikana kwa kuteuliwa. ==Faida za uongozi== *Husaidia kufanya kazi vizuri (sababu utakuwa chini ya uongozi) *Husaidia kufanya kazi kwa [[umoja]] na kwa urahisi. == Sifa za kiongozi bora== *Huwa mchapa kazi. *Huwa mkweli. *Huwa mwaminifu. {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Serikali]] [[Jamii:Elimu jamii]] 7jh0a1unc6vk2wn18ltjsp7stztmt2n 1243582 1243581 2022-08-20T10:19:01Z Pamokooo 55414 /* Faida za uongozi */Fixed typo wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Pat Roberts official Senate photo.jpg|alt=Ni moja wa viongozi wanaoshika madaraka yao vizuri|thumb|Ni moja wa viongozi wanaoshika madaraka yao vizuri]] '''Madaraka''' ni uwezo ambao [[mtu]] hupewa ili kuongoza kundi fulani la [[watu]]. Madaraka hayo huweza kufikia kuwa ya kuongoza [[kundi]] kubwa la watu au hata [[nchi]] nzima.Uongozi unaweza kuwa ni wa mtu mmoja mmoja au wa kundi kubwa la watu. Madaraka hutolewa kwa [[njia]] [[mbili]] ambazo ni kuteuliwa au kuchaguliwa. [[Uongozi]] wa kuchaguliwa hupatikana kwa kupiga [[kura]] huku [[uongozi]] wa kuteuliwa ukipatikana kwa kuteuliwa. ==Faida za uongozi== *Husaidia kufanya kazi kwa ufanisi kwasababu [[kiongozi]] anakuwa chini ya [[mamlaka]]. *Husaidia kufanya kazi kwa [[umoja]] na kwa urahisi. == Sifa za kiongozi bora== *Huwa mchapa kazi. *Huwa mkweli. *Huwa mwaminifu. {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Serikali]] [[Jamii:Elimu jamii]] aolwbhlhw7x5uv2rbti38iynzyt7zn2 0 96188 1243546 1148339 2022-08-19T15:48:34Z 41.222.181.178 /* Viungo vye Nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | Jina = Ups and Downs | Aina ya wimbo = [[Hip hop]] | Msanii = Miracle akiwa na Godzilla |Kava = Ups and Downs cover.jpg | Maelezo = Kava la Ups and Downs | Albamu = | Umerekodiwa = 2017 | Umetolewa = [[31 Disemba]], [[2017]] | Lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | Urefu = 3:16 | Mtunzi = [[Miracle]]<br>[[Godzilla]] | Studio = Destination Sound | Mtayarishaji = [[Bin Laden]] | Nyimbo = | awali = | namba ya awali = | wimbo namba = | ijayo = | namba ijayo = | Misc = }} '''"Ups and Downs"''' ni jina la wimbo uliotoka tarehe [[31 Disemba]] [[2017]] kutoka kwa msanii wa [[muziki wa hip hop]] kutoka [[Dodoma]], [[Tanzania]], [[Miracle]] akiwa na [[Godzilla]]. Wimbo umetayarishwa na Bin Laden kupitia studio ya Destination Sound. ==Historia== Kiasili, wimbo ni wa Godzilla, lakini bahati mbaya hakuumalizia. Aliingiza kiitikio tu, ndipo Bin Laden alipoona bora Miracle asababishe katika mpango wa beti. Bin Laden anamwendea hewani Miracle na kumuasa alisibadili maudhui ya wimbo. Bin Laden anamtaka Miracle atunge mashairi yanayoendana na madhui ya kiitikio. Hii inatokana na Bin Laden mwenyewe kumtia sampuli ya biti-korasi na hatimaye Miracle kamalizia mazima. Wimbo ulianza kutengenezwa katika studio ya Godzill - West-Coast huko Salasala, Dar es Salaam, kabla kwenda kumaliziwa kabisa huko Destination Sound ya mjini Dodoma. Hadi mzigo unafika Dom, Miracle alikuwa tayari keshamaliza beti zote mbili za wimbo huu. Wakiwa Dom, Miracle anaingiza kile alichokitunga katika biti, kisha Bin Laden anarudi tena Dar es Salaam, West-Coast. Baada ya kumalizika wimbo, Miracle amekaa kama mwezi hivi ndipo ulipoachiwa rasmi. Video ya wimbo huu imetayarishwa na Kyonaboy kupitia Kyona Media Production. Mchizi Kyona nae anatokea Dodoma, lakini walikutana na Miracle wakiwa DAR na kufanya maangamizi katika video hii. Walifanya video maeneo ya Salasala na Mbezi. Hasa kuanzia asubuhi mpaka jioni. ==Maudhui== Kwa ujumla wimbo unazungumzia harakati za maisha. Kuna kupanda na kushuka. Ukikumbana nazo, chukulia kama changamoto za mapambano katika maisha. Kuna wanaopenda kufanya wenzao vibonde, umbea, unafiki na mengine mengi. ===Ubeti wa kwanza=== Katika maisha, kuna watu aina mbalimbali. Wapo ambao wao wanapenda kuona unapata maendeleo na kupitia wewe, wanaweza kujifunza mema yako na kuiga maendeleo yako. Wapo visonoko, vichwa maji waliojawa na choyo pale wanapoona unapata mafanikio. Vilevile kuna wale wanaotumia nguvu nyingi kukurudisha nyuma kwa kutumia uwezo wao wa kifedha. Katika ubeti huu, Miracle anaanza na kusema: ''Ubinadamu kazi alisema kibla Sir Nature'',<br> ''Wanataka wakuweke chini kisa wana Pesa'',<br> ''Wanapenda Life yako isiwe freshi iwe Mbovu'',<br> ''Mfukoni hauna Cash, kichwani unaStress mobb.'' Haitoshi, bado anashangaa na jinsi mtu anavyokesha kukuombea mabaya. Anaacha kuomba Mungu apate pepo badala yake anakuombea weye mabaya ukose maisha ya furaha duniani. Rejea mstari unaosema: ''Asa kwanini unaiombea mi MATATIZO MZEE'',<br> ''Unaacha kumuomba Mungu uende PARADISO MZEE'',<br> ''Sijui kwanini!! Siku hizi tumekua hatupendanagi''<br> Katika maisha, kuwa na washikaji masnichi ni jambo ambalo humtokea karibia kila mtu. Sio wote wanakuunga mkono asilimia mia moja. Miracle anaona urafiki bora na uhakika unabaki kwa mama aliyekuzaa tu, basi. Tazama mistari: ''Naamini Mama ndo Mshikaji wa kweli ambae atanishikilia hadi kesho'',<br> ''Sio mshkaji ambae ukizinguananae anakushkia hadi Beto'',<br> ''Asa kwanini hautulii na maisha yako unahangaika'',<br> ''Unafatilia maisha ya watu kama we hauna Maisha'',<br> ''Namaanisha hausomeki sikuelewi niaje'',<br> ''Mi sina nguvu pambana tu na maisha niache.'' ===Ubeti wa pili=== Ubeti huu umetazama sana namna mtu wa karibu anavyoweza kukuangamiza akiwa huku anakuchekea. Namna nafsi za watu zilivyojawa na choyo. Mtu anasononekea mafanikio yako wakati yeye hafanyi juhudi zozote na anakaa kwao chupi tu hadi anunuliwe na mama, lakini yupo mbele katika kuponda harakati zako. Miracle anaona sio lazima yeye apendwe na mtu wa muundo huo. Tazama mistari kama: ''Badala ungoje lini yesu atarudi unangoja nife,<br> Mi sikupendi Babu hata ukiniletea mambo ya kike,<br> Acha kusnitch Manigger, hujui hata jins SH ngapi,<br> Mtoto wa kishua hadi boxer unanunuliwa na B mdashi.''</br> Miracle anadhirisha dhana ya kuwa "maisha ubishi", kujibu mabaya kwa njia ya heri. Kupambana na wajanoko kwa hali na mali. Anamkumbusha mnafiki wake pesa haichimbi kaburi na ubaya hauna kwao. Leo unanifanyia mimi, kesho huenda ukarudi kwako. ''Nyota nikishine watabaki macho juu,<br> Izo tano za kinafki hata usinipe baki nazo tu,<br> Sioni unachofanya, unanichora picha nafuta,<br> Muda ambao unapoteza kunidiss mi natafuta,<br> ongea na watu pesa haichimbi kabuli,<br> Inazika tabu na kufanya uone mjini pazuri,<br> Dunia kubwa jiachie acha kunibania.'' Halafu Godzilla anamalizia kwa kusema: ''Unapigana mpaka soo, mood inakata unadata uko Happy unajihisi uko Down,<br> Watu wanakuchoraa, kumbe Life ni Ups and Down''. ==Tazama pia== *[[Chini Kabisa]] *[[Macho Ngumu Kuona]] *[[The Element Volume II]] *[[Sanaa ya handakini]] ==Viungo vye Nje== *{{YouTube|eVzTe4572T0|Video ya "{{PAGENAME}}}} *[https://yingamedia.com/godzilla-ft-marco-chali-nataka/ http://www.djmwanga.com/2017/11/miracle-ft-godzillah-ups-and-downs.html?m=1%5Bdead+link%5D] katika wavuti ya DJMwanga [[Jamii:Nyimbo za Miracle]] [[Jamii:Nyimbo za 2017]] [[Jamii:Nyimbo zilizotayarishwa na Bin Laden]] lseuj510011rorbicmedj3fg49uh1jw 0 97920 1243532 1243531 2022-08-19T12:17:15Z Benix Mby 36425 Ubinafsishaji wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Kampuni | homepage = {{URL|http://www.ttcl.co.tz/|Tovuti ya TTCL}} |jina=Tanzania Telecommunications<br>Corporation|nembo=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|nembo_ya_kampuni=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|ilipoanzishwa=1993 (ilianza kazi tarehe 1 Januari 1994)|watu wakuu=Waziri Kindamba, [[Mkurugenzi]]|nchi=[[Tanzania]]|mahali=|mji=Extelecoms House, Samora Avenue, Kisutu, [[Dar es Salaam]]|wafanyakazi=1,600 <small>(Feb 2016)</small>|bidhaa=TTCL [[Broad band]], TTCL [[Mobile phone|Mobile]], [[IP VPN]], Prepaid Services, Postpaid Services, Rafiki Public Phone, [[Leased line|Leased Circuits]], Internet [[Bandwidth (computing)|Bandwidth]], Broadband and Wholesale Administrator|mmiliki=[[Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]]|eneo linalohudumiwa=[[Tanzania]]|jina_la_kampuni=TTCL|hudma=[[Mawasiliano|Huduma za Mawasiliano]]|mapato={{increase}} [[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]93&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013">{{cite news|last1=Majaliwa|title=Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html|accessdate=7 September 2016|agency=AllAfrica}}</ref>|net_income={{increase}} TSh.16&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013" /> }} '''Tanzania Telecommunications Corporation ('''zamani: '''Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited''') mara nyingi huitwa kwa kifupi '''TTCL''', ni kampuni kongwe na kubwa zaidi ya [[mawasiliano]] ya [[simu]] nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kampuni ilianza kufanya kazi kufuatia mgawanyiko wa lililokuwa shirika la serikali lililojulikana kama Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano Tanzania (TP&TC) [[mwaka]] [[1993]]. TTCL ilikuwa inamilikiwa kabisa na [[Serikali]] ya [[Tanzania]] mpaka [[ubinafsishaji]] wa kampuni ulipofanyika [[tarehe]] [[23 Februari]] [[2001]].[[File:OFC splicing.jpg|thumb|Mhandisi akiwa kazini kwenye matengenezo katika kituo cha mitambo cha TTCL, Mtwara Tanzania]] TTCL inaongozwa kwa mujibu wa [[Sheria ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] ya mwaka [[1993]]. Kampuni hii ina leseni ya huduma za msingi za simu kwa [[Tanzania Bara]] na [[Zanzibar (maana)|Zanzibar]] na hivyo inamiliki na kuendesha mtandao wa simu Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar. Kabla ya ujio wa kampuni za simu mwishoni mwa 1994, kampuni ilikuwa ikifurahia ukiritimba Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar, ambapo Zanzibar Telecoms Limited ([[Zantel]]) ilikuwa kampuni ya pili yenye leseni ya msingi ya mawasiliano ya simu. Kampuni imekuwa katika menejimenti kadhaa za pamoja kutokana na kuyumba kwake kifedha hapo awali na imepitia awamu kadhaa za mabadiliko. Imekuwa ikifanya kazi na [[Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd]] kama mchuuzi wa miundombinu ya kampuni na [[Ericsson]] kama msambazaji wa kimkakati wa muda mrefu wa kampuni.<ref>[http://archive.ericsson.net/service/internet/picov/get?DocNo=21331-AE/LZT1237849/PDF&Lang=AE] Tanzania's leading operator TTCL, enters the next generation with an Ericsson 'Learning Solution</ref> == Historia == === Historia ya awali === Historia ya TTCL inaanzia kwa mtoa huduma wa mawasiliano wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Mnamo 1933, iliyokuwa Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki ilishughulikia huduma za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu katika mataifa matatu ya Afrika Mashariki ([[Tanganyika]], [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]]). Mnamo 1951 serikali ya [[Uingereza]] ilibadilisha Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki na kutunga Sheria ya Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu ya Afrika Mashariki mwaka wa 1951 ili kuanzisha Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref>{{Citation|last=Smith|first=Allan B.|title=History of the east African posts and telecommunications administration 1837 to 1967|date=1971|url=http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/26809|language=en|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref> Mwaka 1967, baada ya mataifa hayo matatu kupata uhuru, [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] (EAC) ilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya [[Mamlaka ya Huduma za Pamoja za Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Baadaye, Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu la Afrika Mashariki (EAP&TC) lilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki. Hata hivyo, miaka kumi baadaye, kuvunjika kwa [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] mwaka 1977 kulilazimisha nchi wanachama wa EAC kuanzisha upya biashara zao za kitaifa za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu. Kwa hiyo, mwaka wa 1978 nchini Tanzania shirika la serikali lilianzishwa chini ya jina la Shirika la Posta na Simu Tanzania (TPTC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egov.go.tz/egov_uploads/documents/The_Tanzania_Posts_and_Telecommunications_Corporation_Act,_1_sw.pdf|title=The Tanzania Posts and Telecommunications corporation Act, 1977|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Government of Tanzania|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref> Mwaka wa 1993 serikali ya Tanzania ilipofanya marekebisho makubwa kwenye mashirika ya umma, sekta ya Mawasiliano iliwekwa huru. Hii ilisababisha kugawanyika kwa TPTC; TPTC iligawanyika katika taasisi tatu tofauti, ambazo ni [[Shirika la Posta Tanzania]], Kampuni ya Simu Tanzania (TTCL), na [[Mamlaka ya Mawasiliano Tanzania|Tume ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] (TCC). === Ubinafsishaji === Kutokana na kuongezeka kwa ushindani wa ndani na usimamizi mbovu serikali iliamua kubinafsisha kampuni. Ubinafsishaji wa sehemu ya TTCL ulianza tarehe 23 Februari 2001, ambapo kampuni ya [[Airtel Tanzania|Celtel International]] (iliyokuwa ikiitwa MSI Cellular) yenye makao yake makuu mjini [[Amsterdam]], [[Uholanzi]], pamoja na kampuni ya Kijerumani ya [[Detecon]], zilipata hisa 35% kutoka Serikali ya Tanzania. Muungano huo ulichukua udhibiti wa Bodi na Menejimenti ya TTCL. Kuanzia tarehe 23 Februari 2001 na kuendelea, ulikuwa na kura ya turufu juu ya maamuzi makuu ya Bodi ya Wakurugenzi, haki ya kuteua menejimenti kuu, kuweka mpango wa biashara wa mwaka na kudhibiti maamuzi yote ya matumizi ya mtaji.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2008-01-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519173732/http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|archivedate=19 May 2011|df=dmy-all}} The Regulatory Design Problem Revisited: Tanzania’s Pioneering Position in Africa</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2005, TTCL ilijiondoa katika usimamizi wa pamoja, Serikali ya Tanzania na Celtel International zilitia saini makubaliano ambapo wanahisa walikubali marekebisho ya kampuni hizo mbili na baada ya hapo TTCL na Celtel zikawa kampuni tofauti kabisa kisheria, kifedha na kiuendeshaji.<ref>[http://www.celtel.com/en/news/press-release31/index.html] TTCL and Celtel now separate companies 22 August 2005</ref> == Maswala ya ushirika == === Umiliki === Hivi sasa kampuni hiyo inamilikiwa kwa asilimia zote na Serikali. Mwaka 2001 serikali ya Tanzania iliuza hisa 35% za kampuni na mwaka 2016 ili kulinda kampuni hiyo, ilinunua tena hisa hizo ili kurejesha umiliki wa asilimia 100. Washirika wa mwisho wa kampuni hiyo walikuwa [[Bharti Airtel]] ya [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/home-banner/tanzanian-government-takes-back-35-ttcl-airtel-regain-full-ownership/|title=Tanzanian government takes back 35% of TTCL from Airtel to regain full ownership|date=27 May 2015|language=en-US|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Airtel Waijibu Serikali Kuhusu Sakata la Ubinafsishaji wa TTCL - Global Publishers|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/airtel-waijibu-serikali-kuhusu-sakata-la-ubinafsishaji-wa-ttcl/|work=globalpublishers.co.tz|accessdate=2022-08-17}}</ref> === Mwenendo wa biashara === Hadi kufikia Machi 2016 TTCL ilikuwa na wateja wachache kuliko watoa huduma wengine sita wa simu za mkononi nchini. TTCL ina jumla ya wateja 305,000 ambapo asilimia 45 ni watumiaji wa simu za mezani. Katika soko la simu za mezani, TTCL inakaribia kuwa na ukiritimba na inashughulikia zaidi ya asilimia 99 ya wateja.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/CommStatMarch16.pdf|title=March 2016 communication statistics|last=|first=|date=March 2016|website=tcra.co.tz|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> <center> {| class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background: #1268B3;" | ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2010</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2011</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2012</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2013</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2014</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2015</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2016</span> |- | Mauzo ([[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |80 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |93 | align="center" |96 | align="center" |104 | align="center" |119 |- | Mauzo ([[US Dollar|US$]]&nbsp;million)* | align="center" |57.5 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |55.1 | align="center" |57.7 | align="center" |49.5 | align="center" |54.5 |- | Faida/hasara (TSh.&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |{{color|red|-28}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |{{color|red|-16}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | |- |Wateja | align="center" |252,813 | align="center" |226,153 | align="center" |227,424 | align="center" |209,111 | align="center" |288,136 | align="center" |303,186 | |- | <small>''Vidokezo/vyanzo''</small> | align="center" |<ref>Majaliwa. "[https://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership]". AllAfrica. Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-08-17.</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune11.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2011|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune12.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2012|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune13.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2013|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune14.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2014|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/We-re-in-good-shape-to-issue-dividend-to-govt--says-TTCL/1840340-4331630-154mn8uz/index.html|title=We're in good shape to issue dividend to govt, says TTCL|date=2018-03-07|work=The Citizen|access-date=2018-03-07|language=en}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune15.pdf|title=TCRA statistics 2015|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> | align="center" |<ref name=":2" /> |} </center> === Makao Makuu === Kampuni hii ina makao yake makuu na kituo cha huduma kwa wateja katika Jengo la Extelecom lililopo [[Barabara ya Samora]], mashariki mwa [[Kisutu]], kusini mashariki mwa [[Dar es Salaam]]. Shirika la Mawasiliano Tanzania (TTCL) pia linasimamia na kuendesha ofisi na idara za uhandisi katika mikoa na miji mikuu yote nchini. ==Angalia pia== #[[Vodacom Tanzania]] #[[Airtel Tanzania]] #[[MIC Tanzania Limited (tiGO)]] # [[Vodacom]] # [[3G| Teknolojia ya 3G]] #[[Celtel| Celtel International ]] #[[EASSy|Eastern Africa Submarine Cable System]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-uchumi}} [[Jamii:Mashirika ya serikali ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu zilizoanzishwa mnamo 1993]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za simu za mkononi Tanzania]] o54phatjihfa0864vhhx4qp0eztdfmr 1243533 1243532 2022-08-19T12:58:10Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Kampuni | homepage = {{URL|http://www.ttcl.co.tz/|Tovuti ya TTCL}} |jina=Tanzania Telecommunications<br>Corporation|nembo=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|nembo_ya_kampuni=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|ilipoanzishwa=1993 (ilianza kazi tarehe 1 Januari 1994)|watu wakuu=Waziri Kindamba, [[Mkurugenzi]]|nchi=[[Tanzania]]|mahali=|mji=Extelecoms House, Samora Avenue, Kisutu, [[Dar es Salaam]]|wafanyakazi=1,600 <small>(Feb 2016)</small>|bidhaa=TTCL [[Broad band]], TTCL [[Mobile phone|Mobile]], [[IP VPN]], Prepaid Services, Postpaid Services, Rafiki Public Phone, [[Leased line|Leased Circuits]], Internet [[Bandwidth (computing)|Bandwidth]], Broadband and Wholesale Administrator|mmiliki=[[Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]]|eneo linalohudumiwa=[[Tanzania]]|jina_la_kampuni=TTCL|hudma=[[Mawasiliano|Huduma za Mawasiliano]]|mapato={{increase}} [[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]93&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013">{{cite news|last1=Majaliwa|title=Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html|accessdate=7 September 2016|agency=AllAfrica}}</ref>|net_income={{increase}} TSh.16&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013" /> }} '''Tanzania Telecommunications Corporation ('''zamani: '''Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited''') mara nyingi huitwa kwa kifupi '''TTCL''', ni kampuni kongwe na kubwa zaidi ya [[mawasiliano]] ya [[simu]] nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kampuni ilianza kufanya kazi kufuatia mgawanyiko wa lililokuwa shirika la serikali lililojulikana kama Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano Tanzania (TP&TC) [[mwaka]] [[1993]]. TTCL ilikuwa inamilikiwa kabisa na [[Serikali]] ya [[Tanzania]] mpaka [[ubinafsishaji]] wa kampuni ulipofanyika [[tarehe]] [[23 Februari]] [[2001]].[[File:OFC splicing.jpg|thumb|Mhandisi akiwa kazini kwenye matengenezo katika kituo cha mitambo cha TTCL, Mtwara Tanzania]] TTCL inaongozwa kwa mujibu wa [[Sheria ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] ya mwaka [[1993]]. Kampuni hii ina leseni ya huduma za msingi za simu kwa [[Tanzania Bara]] na [[Zanzibar (maana)|Zanzibar]] na hivyo inamiliki na kuendesha mtandao wa simu Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar. Kabla ya ujio wa kampuni za simu mwishoni mwa 1994, kampuni ilikuwa ikifurahia ukiritimba Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar, ambapo Zanzibar Telecoms Limited ([[Zantel]]) ilikuwa kampuni ya pili yenye leseni ya msingi ya mawasiliano ya simu. Kampuni imekuwa katika menejimenti kadhaa za pamoja kutokana na kuyumba kwake kifedha hapo awali na imepitia awamu kadhaa za mabadiliko. Imekuwa ikifanya kazi na [[Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd]] kama mchuuzi wa miundombinu ya kampuni na [[Ericsson]] kama msambazaji wa kimkakati wa muda mrefu wa kampuni.<ref>[http://archive.ericsson.net/service/internet/picov/get?DocNo=21331-AE/LZT1237849/PDF&Lang=AE] Tanzania's leading operator TTCL, enters the next generation with an Ericsson 'Learning Solution</ref> == Historia == === Historia ya awali === Historia ya TTCL inaanzia kwa mtoa huduma wa mawasiliano wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Mnamo 1933, iliyokuwa Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki ilishughulikia huduma za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu katika mataifa matatu ya Afrika Mashariki ([[Tanganyika]], [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]]). Mnamo 1951 serikali ya [[Uingereza]] ilibadilisha Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki na kutunga Sheria ya Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu ya Afrika Mashariki mwaka wa 1951 ili kuanzisha Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref>{{Citation|last=Smith|first=Allan B.|title=History of the east African posts and telecommunications administration 1837 to 1967|date=1971|url=http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/26809|language=en|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref> Mwaka 1967, baada ya mataifa hayo matatu kupata uhuru, [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] (EAC) ilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya [[Mamlaka ya Huduma za Pamoja za Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Baadaye, Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu la Afrika Mashariki (EAP&TC) lilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki. Hata hivyo, miaka kumi baadaye, kuvunjika kwa [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] mwaka 1977 kulilazimisha nchi wanachama wa EAC kuanzisha upya biashara zao za kitaifa za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu. Kwa hiyo, mwaka wa 1978 nchini Tanzania shirika la serikali lilianzishwa chini ya jina la Shirika la Posta na Simu Tanzania (TPTC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egov.go.tz/egov_uploads/documents/The_Tanzania_Posts_and_Telecommunications_Corporation_Act,_1_sw.pdf|title=The Tanzania Posts and Telecommunications corporation Act, 1977|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Government of Tanzania|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref> Mwaka wa 1993 serikali ya Tanzania ilipofanya marekebisho makubwa kwenye mashirika ya umma, sekta ya Mawasiliano iliwekwa huru. Hii ilisababisha kugawanyika kwa TPTC; TPTC iligawanyika katika taasisi tatu tofauti, ambazo ni [[Shirika la Posta Tanzania]], Kampuni ya Simu Tanzania (TTCL), na [[Mamlaka ya Mawasiliano Tanzania|Tume ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] (TCC). === Ubinafsishaji === Kutokana na kuongezeka kwa ushindani wa ndani na usimamizi mbovu serikali iliamua kubinafsisha kampuni. Ubinafsishaji wa sehemu ya TTCL ulianza tarehe 23 Februari 2001, ambapo kampuni ya [[Airtel Tanzania|Celtel International]] (iliyokuwa ikiitwa MSI Cellular) yenye makao yake makuu mjini [[Amsterdam]], [[Uholanzi]], pamoja na kampuni ya Kijerumani ya [[Detecon]], zilipata hisa 35% kutoka Serikali ya Tanzania. Muungano huo ulichukua udhibiti wa Bodi na Menejimenti ya TTCL. Kuanzia tarehe 23 Februari 2001 na kuendelea, ulikuwa na kura ya turufu juu ya maamuzi makuu ya Bodi ya Wakurugenzi, haki ya kuteua menejimenti kuu, kuweka mpango wa biashara wa mwaka na kudhibiti maamuzi yote ya matumizi ya mtaji.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2008-01-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519173732/http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|archivedate=19 May 2011|df=dmy-all}} The Regulatory Design Problem Revisited: Tanzania’s Pioneering Position in Africa</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2005, TTCL ilijiondoa katika usimamizi wa pamoja, Serikali ya Tanzania na Celtel International zilitia saini makubaliano ambapo wanahisa walikubali marekebisho ya kampuni hizo mbili na baada ya hapo TTCL na Celtel zikawa kampuni tofauti kabisa kisheria, kifedha na kiuendeshaji.<ref>[http://www.celtel.com/en/news/press-release31/index.html] TTCL and Celtel now separate companies 22 August 2005</ref> === SaskTel === Mwaka 2006, TTCL ilikabiliwa na masuala kadhaa ya fedha na uendeshaji ambayo yalitishia uhai wa muda mrefu wa kampuni. Mnamo Februari 2007, wanahisa waliipa kampuni ya Kanada, SaskTel, kandarasi ya miaka mitatu ya usimamizi ili kuongoza mabadiliko ya teknolojia, kifedha, kiutendaji na kiutamaduni ya TTCL. Mkataba huo ulihitaji timu mpya ya uongozi wa juu kuboresha nafasi ya ushindani ya muda mrefu ya TTCL na kukuza wateja wake na vyanzo vya mapato. SaskTel International ilichukua uongozi wa TTCL Julai 2007. Hata hivyo, kutoelewana kati ya SaskTel na wanahisa walio wengi juu ya mpango wa muda mrefu wa ufadhili wa mtaji wa TTCL, uliojadiliwa na SaskTel kusaidia mpango wa ukuaji, ulisababisha SaskTel kuwasilisha notisi ya siku 45 ya kusitishwa. tarehe 12 Julai 2009, na kumaliza mkataba wa usimamizi. Wakati Bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya TTCL iliidhinisha mpango wa ufadhili, wanahisa wengi walikataa kuunga mkono mpango huo na kusababisha timu ya wasimamizi wakuu wa SaskTel kuondoka rasmi kwenye shirika mnamo Septemba 2009. == Maswala ya ushirika == === Umiliki === Hivi sasa kampuni hiyo inamilikiwa kwa asilimia zote na Serikali. Mwaka 2001 serikali ya Tanzania iliuza hisa 35% za kampuni na mwaka 2016 ili kulinda kampuni hiyo, ilinunua tena hisa hizo ili kurejesha umiliki wa asilimia 100. Washirika wa mwisho wa kampuni hiyo walikuwa [[Bharti Airtel]] ya [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/home-banner/tanzanian-government-takes-back-35-ttcl-airtel-regain-full-ownership/|title=Tanzanian government takes back 35% of TTCL from Airtel to regain full ownership|date=27 May 2015|language=en-US|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Airtel Waijibu Serikali Kuhusu Sakata la Ubinafsishaji wa TTCL - Global Publishers|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/airtel-waijibu-serikali-kuhusu-sakata-la-ubinafsishaji-wa-ttcl/|work=globalpublishers.co.tz|accessdate=2022-08-17}}</ref> === Mwenendo wa biashara === Hadi kufikia Machi 2016 TTCL ilikuwa na wateja wachache kuliko watoa huduma wengine sita wa simu za mkononi nchini. TTCL ina jumla ya wateja 305,000 ambapo asilimia 45 ni watumiaji wa simu za mezani. Katika soko la simu za mezani, TTCL inakaribia kuwa na ukiritimba na inashughulikia zaidi ya asilimia 99 ya wateja.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/CommStatMarch16.pdf|title=March 2016 communication statistics|last=|first=|date=March 2016|website=tcra.co.tz|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> <center> {| class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background: #1268B3;" | ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2010</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2011</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2012</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2013</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2014</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2015</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2016</span> |- | Mauzo ([[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |80 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |93 | align="center" |96 | align="center" |104 | align="center" |119 |- | Mauzo ([[US Dollar|US$]]&nbsp;million)* | align="center" |57.5 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |55.1 | align="center" |57.7 | align="center" |49.5 | align="center" |54.5 |- | Faida/hasara (TSh.&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |{{color|red|-28}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |{{color|red|-16}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | |- |Wateja | align="center" |252,813 | align="center" |226,153 | align="center" |227,424 | align="center" |209,111 | align="center" |288,136 | align="center" |303,186 | |- | <small>''Vidokezo/vyanzo''</small> | align="center" |<ref>Majaliwa. "[https://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership]". AllAfrica. Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-08-17.</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune11.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2011|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune12.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2012|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune13.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2013|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune14.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2014|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/We-re-in-good-shape-to-issue-dividend-to-govt--says-TTCL/1840340-4331630-154mn8uz/index.html|title=We're in good shape to issue dividend to govt, says TTCL|date=2018-03-07|work=The Citizen|access-date=2018-03-07|language=en}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune15.pdf|title=TCRA statistics 2015|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> | align="center" |<ref name=":2" /> |} </center> === Makao Makuu === Kampuni hii ina makao yake makuu na kituo cha huduma kwa wateja katika Jengo la Extelecom lililopo [[Barabara ya Samora]], mashariki mwa [[Kisutu]], kusini mashariki mwa [[Dar es Salaam]]. Shirika la Mawasiliano Tanzania (TTCL) pia linasimamia na kuendesha ofisi na idara za uhandisi katika mikoa na miji mikuu yote nchini. ==Angalia pia== #[[Vodacom Tanzania]] #[[Airtel Tanzania]] #[[MIC Tanzania Limited (tiGO)]] # [[Vodacom]] # [[3G| Teknolojia ya 3G]] #[[Celtel| Celtel International ]] #[[EASSy|Eastern Africa Submarine Cable System]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-uchumi}} [[Jamii:Mashirika ya serikali ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu zilizoanzishwa mnamo 1993]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za simu za mkononi Tanzania]] ng2z0h5zun4ne2jmnfxti6tcr58p9rt 1243534 1243533 2022-08-19T13:06:10Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Kampuni | homepage = {{URL|http://www.ttcl.co.tz/|Tovuti ya TTCL}} |jina=Tanzania Telecommunications<br>Corporation|nembo=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|nembo_ya_kampuni=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|ilipoanzishwa=1993 (ilianza kazi tarehe 1 Januari 1994)|watu wakuu=Waziri Kindamba, [[Mkurugenzi]]|nchi=[[Tanzania]]|mahali=|mji=Extelecoms House, Samora Avenue, Kisutu, [[Dar es Salaam]]|wafanyakazi=1,600 <small>(Feb 2016)</small>|bidhaa=TTCL [[Broad band]], TTCL [[Mobile phone|Mobile]], [[IP VPN]], Prepaid Services, Postpaid Services, Rafiki Public Phone, [[Leased line|Leased Circuits]], Internet [[Bandwidth (computing)|Bandwidth]], Broadband and Wholesale Administrator|mmiliki=[[Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]]|eneo linalohudumiwa=[[Tanzania]]|jina_la_kampuni=TTCL|hudma=[[Mawasiliano|Huduma za Mawasiliano]]|mapato={{increase}} [[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]93&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013">{{cite news|last1=Majaliwa|title=Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html|accessdate=7 September 2016|agency=AllAfrica}}</ref>|net_income={{increase}} TSh.16&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013" /> }} '''Tanzania Telecommunications Corporation ('''zamani: '''Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited''') mara nyingi huitwa kwa kifupi '''TTCL''', ni kampuni kongwe na kubwa zaidi ya [[mawasiliano]] ya [[simu]] nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kampuni ilianza kufanya kazi kufuatia mgawanyiko wa lililokuwa shirika la serikali lililojulikana kama Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano Tanzania (TP&TC) [[mwaka]] [[1993]]. TTCL ilikuwa inamilikiwa kabisa na [[Serikali]] ya [[Tanzania]] mpaka [[ubinafsishaji]] wa kampuni ulipofanyika [[tarehe]] [[23 Februari]] [[2001]].[[File:OFC splicing.jpg|thumb|Mhandisi akiwa kazini kwenye matengenezo katika kituo cha mitambo cha TTCL, Mtwara Tanzania]] TTCL inaongozwa kwa mujibu wa [[Sheria ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] ya mwaka [[1993]]. Kampuni hii ina leseni ya huduma za msingi za simu kwa [[Tanzania Bara]] na [[Zanzibar (maana)|Zanzibar]] na hivyo inamiliki na kuendesha mtandao wa simu Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar. Kabla ya ujio wa kampuni za simu mwishoni mwa 1994, kampuni ilikuwa ikifurahia ukiritimba Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar, ambapo Zanzibar Telecoms Limited ([[Zantel]]) ilikuwa kampuni ya pili yenye leseni ya msingi ya mawasiliano ya simu. Kampuni imekuwa katika menejimenti kadhaa za pamoja kutokana na kuyumba kwake kifedha hapo awali na imepitia awamu kadhaa za mabadiliko. Imekuwa ikifanya kazi na [[Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd]] kama mchuuzi wa miundombinu ya kampuni na [[Ericsson]] kama msambazaji wa kimkakati wa muda mrefu wa kampuni.<ref>[http://archive.ericsson.net/service/internet/picov/get?DocNo=21331-AE/LZT1237849/PDF&Lang=AE] Tanzania's leading operator TTCL, enters the next generation with an Ericsson 'Learning Solution</ref> == Historia == === Historia ya awali === Historia ya TTCL inaanzia kwa mtoa huduma wa mawasiliano wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Mnamo 1933, iliyokuwa Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki ilishughulikia huduma za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu katika mataifa matatu ya Afrika Mashariki ([[Tanganyika]], [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]]). Mnamo 1951 serikali ya [[Uingereza]] ilibadilisha Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki na kutunga Sheria ya Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu ya Afrika Mashariki mwaka wa 1951 ili kuanzisha Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref>{{Citation|last=Smith|first=Allan B.|title=History of the east African posts and telecommunications administration 1837 to 1967|date=1971|url=http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/26809|language=en|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref> Mwaka 1967, baada ya mataifa hayo matatu kupata uhuru, [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] (EAC) ilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya [[Mamlaka ya Huduma za Pamoja za Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Baadaye, Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu la Afrika Mashariki (EAP&TC) lilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki. Hata hivyo, miaka kumi baadaye, kuvunjika kwa [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] mwaka 1977 kulilazimisha nchi wanachama wa EAC kuanzisha upya biashara zao za kitaifa za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu. Kwa hiyo, mwaka wa 1978 nchini Tanzania shirika la serikali lilianzishwa chini ya jina la Shirika la Posta na Simu Tanzania (TPTC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egov.go.tz/egov_uploads/documents/The_Tanzania_Posts_and_Telecommunications_Corporation_Act,_1_sw.pdf|title=The Tanzania Posts and Telecommunications corporation Act, 1977|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Government of Tanzania|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref> Mwaka wa 1993 serikali ya Tanzania ilipofanya marekebisho makubwa kwenye mashirika ya umma, sekta ya Mawasiliano iliwekwa huru. Hii ilisababisha kugawanyika kwa TPTC; TPTC iligawanyika katika taasisi tatu tofauti, ambazo ni [[Shirika la Posta Tanzania]], Kampuni ya Simu Tanzania (TTCL), na [[Mamlaka ya Mawasiliano Tanzania|Tume ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] (TCC). === Ubinafsishaji === Kutokana na kuongezeka kwa ushindani wa ndani na usimamizi mbovu serikali iliamua kubinafsisha kampuni. Ubinafsishaji wa sehemu ya TTCL ulianza tarehe 23 Februari 2001, ambapo kampuni ya [[Airtel Tanzania|Celtel International]] (iliyokuwa ikiitwa MSI Cellular) yenye makao yake makuu mjini [[Amsterdam]], [[Uholanzi]], pamoja na kampuni ya Kijerumani ya [[Detecon]], zilipata hisa 35% kutoka Serikali ya Tanzania. Muungano huo ulichukua udhibiti wa Bodi na Menejimenti ya TTCL. Kuanzia tarehe 23 Februari 2001 na kuendelea, ulikuwa na kura ya turufu juu ya maamuzi makuu ya Bodi ya Wakurugenzi, haki ya kuteua menejimenti kuu, kuweka mpango wa biashara wa mwaka na kudhibiti maamuzi yote ya matumizi ya mtaji.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2008-01-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519173732/http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|archivedate=19 May 2011|df=dmy-all}} The Regulatory Design Problem Revisited: Tanzania’s Pioneering Position in Africa</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2005, TTCL ilijiondoa katika usimamizi wa pamoja, Serikali ya Tanzania na Celtel International zilitia saini makubaliano ambapo wanahisa walikubali marekebisho ya kampuni hizo mbili na baada ya hapo TTCL na Celtel zikawa kampuni tofauti kabisa kisheria, kifedha na kiuendeshaji.<ref>[http://www.celtel.com/en/news/press-release31/index.html] TTCL and Celtel now separate companies 22 August 2005</ref> === SaskTel === Mwaka 2006, TTCL ilikabiliwa na masuala kadhaa ya fedha na uendeshaji ambayo yalitishia uhai wa muda mrefu wa kampuni. Mnamo Februari 2007, wanahisa waliipa kampuni ya [[Kanada]], [[SaskTel]], kandarasi ya miaka mitatu ya usimamizi ili kuongoza mabadiliko ya teknolojia, kifedha, kiutendaji na kiutamaduni ya TTCL. Mkataba huo ulihitaji timu mpya ya uongozi wa juu kuboresha nafasi ya ushindani ya muda mrefu ya TTCL na kukuza idadi ya wateja wake na vyanzo vya mapato. SaskTel International ilichukua uongozi wa TTCL Julai 2007. Hata hivyo, kutoelewana kati ya SaskTel na wanahisa walio wengi juu ya mpango wa muda mrefu wa ufadhili wa mtaji wa TTCL, uliojadiliwa na SaskTel kusaidia mpango wa ukuaji, ulisababisha tarehe 12 Julai 2009 SaskTel kuwasilisha notisi ya siku 45 ya kusitisha kandarasi na kumaliza mkataba wa usimamizi. Wakati Bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya TTCL iliidhinisha mpango wa ufadhili, wanahisa wengi walikataa kuunga mkono mpango huo na kusababisha timu ya wasimamizi wakuu wa SaskTel kuondoka rasmi kwenye shirika hilo mnamo Septemba 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2009/07/06/sasktel-pulls-out-of-ttcl-deal/|title=SaskTel Pulls Out of TTCL Deal|last=TGC|first=.|date=6 July 2009|publisher=Telegeography.com|accessdate=28 May 2015}}</ref> == Maswala ya ushirika == === Umiliki === Hivi sasa kampuni hiyo inamilikiwa kwa asilimia zote na Serikali. Mwaka 2001 serikali ya Tanzania iliuza hisa 35% za kampuni na mwaka 2016 ili kulinda kampuni hiyo, ilinunua tena hisa hizo ili kurejesha umiliki wa asilimia 100. Washirika wa mwisho wa kampuni hiyo walikuwa [[Bharti Airtel]] ya [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/home-banner/tanzanian-government-takes-back-35-ttcl-airtel-regain-full-ownership/|title=Tanzanian government takes back 35% of TTCL from Airtel to regain full ownership|date=27 May 2015|language=en-US|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Airtel Waijibu Serikali Kuhusu Sakata la Ubinafsishaji wa TTCL - Global Publishers|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/airtel-waijibu-serikali-kuhusu-sakata-la-ubinafsishaji-wa-ttcl/|work=globalpublishers.co.tz|accessdate=2022-08-17}}</ref> === Mwenendo wa biashara === Hadi kufikia Machi 2016 TTCL ilikuwa na wateja wachache kuliko watoa huduma wengine sita wa simu za mkononi nchini. TTCL ina jumla ya wateja 305,000 ambapo asilimia 45 ni watumiaji wa simu za mezani. Katika soko la simu za mezani, TTCL inakaribia kuwa na ukiritimba na inashughulikia zaidi ya asilimia 99 ya wateja.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/CommStatMarch16.pdf|title=March 2016 communication statistics|last=|first=|date=March 2016|website=tcra.co.tz|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> <center> {| class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background: #1268B3;" | ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2010</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2011</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2012</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2013</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2014</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2015</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2016</span> |- | Mauzo ([[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |80 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |93 | align="center" |96 | align="center" |104 | align="center" |119 |- | Mauzo ([[US Dollar|US$]]&nbsp;million)* | align="center" |57.5 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |55.1 | align="center" |57.7 | align="center" |49.5 | align="center" |54.5 |- | Faida/hasara (TSh.&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |{{color|red|-28}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |{{color|red|-16}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | |- |Wateja | align="center" |252,813 | align="center" |226,153 | align="center" |227,424 | align="center" |209,111 | align="center" |288,136 | align="center" |303,186 | |- | <small>''Vidokezo/vyanzo''</small> | align="center" |<ref>Majaliwa. "[https://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership]". AllAfrica. Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-08-17.</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune11.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2011|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune12.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2012|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune13.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2013|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune14.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2014|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/We-re-in-good-shape-to-issue-dividend-to-govt--says-TTCL/1840340-4331630-154mn8uz/index.html|title=We're in good shape to issue dividend to govt, says TTCL|date=2018-03-07|work=The Citizen|access-date=2018-03-07|language=en}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune15.pdf|title=TCRA statistics 2015|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> | align="center" |<ref name=":2" /> |} </center> === Makao Makuu === Kampuni hii ina makao yake makuu na kituo cha huduma kwa wateja katika Jengo la Extelecom lililopo [[Barabara ya Samora]], mashariki mwa [[Kisutu]], kusini mashariki mwa [[Dar es Salaam]]. Shirika la Mawasiliano Tanzania (TTCL) pia linasimamia na kuendesha ofisi na idara za uhandisi katika mikoa na miji mikuu yote nchini. ==Angalia pia== #[[Vodacom Tanzania]] #[[Airtel Tanzania]] #[[MIC Tanzania Limited (tiGO)]] # [[Vodacom]] # [[3G| Teknolojia ya 3G]] #[[Celtel| Celtel International ]] #[[EASSy|Eastern Africa Submarine Cable System]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-uchumi}} [[Jamii:Mashirika ya serikali ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu zilizoanzishwa mnamo 1993]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za simu za mkononi Tanzania]] 7svt8hnfqu5wqu9ysj79sfkzddr1bwd 1243535 1243534 2022-08-19T13:12:48Z Benix Mby 36425 /* SaskTel */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Kampuni | homepage = {{URL|http://www.ttcl.co.tz/|Tovuti ya TTCL}} |jina=Tanzania Telecommunications<br>Corporation|nembo=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|nembo_ya_kampuni=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|ilipoanzishwa=1993 (ilianza kazi tarehe 1 Januari 1994)|watu wakuu=Waziri Kindamba, [[Mkurugenzi]]|nchi=[[Tanzania]]|mahali=|mji=Extelecoms House, Samora Avenue, Kisutu, [[Dar es Salaam]]|wafanyakazi=1,600 <small>(Feb 2016)</small>|bidhaa=TTCL [[Broad band]], TTCL [[Mobile phone|Mobile]], [[IP VPN]], Prepaid Services, Postpaid Services, Rafiki Public Phone, [[Leased line|Leased Circuits]], Internet [[Bandwidth (computing)|Bandwidth]], Broadband and Wholesale Administrator|mmiliki=[[Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]]|eneo linalohudumiwa=[[Tanzania]]|jina_la_kampuni=TTCL|hudma=[[Mawasiliano|Huduma za Mawasiliano]]|mapato={{increase}} [[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]93&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013">{{cite news|last1=Majaliwa|title=Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html|accessdate=7 September 2016|agency=AllAfrica}}</ref>|net_income={{increase}} TSh.16&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013" /> }} '''Tanzania Telecommunications Corporation ('''zamani: '''Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited''') mara nyingi huitwa kwa kifupi '''TTCL''', ni kampuni kongwe na kubwa zaidi ya [[mawasiliano]] ya [[simu]] nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kampuni ilianza kufanya kazi kufuatia mgawanyiko wa lililokuwa shirika la serikali lililojulikana kama Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano Tanzania (TP&TC) [[mwaka]] [[1993]]. TTCL ilikuwa inamilikiwa kabisa na [[Serikali]] ya [[Tanzania]] mpaka [[ubinafsishaji]] wa kampuni ulipofanyika [[tarehe]] [[23 Februari]] [[2001]].[[File:OFC splicing.jpg|thumb|Mhandisi akiwa kazini kwenye matengenezo katika kituo cha mitambo cha TTCL, Mtwara Tanzania]] TTCL inaongozwa kwa mujibu wa [[Sheria ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] ya mwaka [[1993]]. Kampuni hii ina leseni ya huduma za msingi za simu kwa [[Tanzania Bara]] na [[Zanzibar (maana)|Zanzibar]] na hivyo inamiliki na kuendesha mtandao wa simu Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar. Kabla ya ujio wa kampuni za simu mwishoni mwa 1994, kampuni ilikuwa ikifurahia ukiritimba Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar, ambapo Zanzibar Telecoms Limited ([[Zantel]]) ilikuwa kampuni ya pili yenye leseni ya msingi ya mawasiliano ya simu. Kampuni imekuwa katika menejimenti kadhaa za pamoja kutokana na kuyumba kwake kifedha hapo awali na imepitia awamu kadhaa za mabadiliko. Imekuwa ikifanya kazi na [[Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd]] kama mchuuzi wa miundombinu ya kampuni na [[Ericsson]] kama msambazaji wa kimkakati wa muda mrefu wa kampuni.<ref>[http://archive.ericsson.net/service/internet/picov/get?DocNo=21331-AE/LZT1237849/PDF&Lang=AE] Tanzania's leading operator TTCL, enters the next generation with an Ericsson 'Learning Solution</ref> == Historia == === Historia ya awali === Historia ya TTCL inaanzia kwa mtoa huduma wa mawasiliano wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Mnamo 1933, iliyokuwa Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki ilishughulikia huduma za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu katika mataifa matatu ya Afrika Mashariki ([[Tanganyika]], [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]]). Mnamo 1951 serikali ya [[Uingereza]] ilibadilisha Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki na kutunga Sheria ya Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu ya Afrika Mashariki mwaka wa 1951 ili kuanzisha Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref>{{Citation|last=Smith|first=Allan B.|title=History of the east African posts and telecommunications administration 1837 to 1967|date=1971|url=http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/26809|language=en|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref> Mwaka 1967, baada ya mataifa hayo matatu kupata uhuru, [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] (EAC) ilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya [[Mamlaka ya Huduma za Pamoja za Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Baadaye, Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu la Afrika Mashariki (EAP&TC) lilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki. Hata hivyo, miaka kumi baadaye, kuvunjika kwa [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] mwaka 1977 kulilazimisha nchi wanachama wa EAC kuanzisha upya biashara zao za kitaifa za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu. Kwa hiyo, mwaka wa 1978 nchini Tanzania shirika la serikali lilianzishwa chini ya jina la Shirika la Posta na Simu Tanzania (TPTC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egov.go.tz/egov_uploads/documents/The_Tanzania_Posts_and_Telecommunications_Corporation_Act,_1_sw.pdf|title=The Tanzania Posts and Telecommunications corporation Act, 1977|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Government of Tanzania|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref> Mwaka wa 1993 serikali ya Tanzania ilipofanya marekebisho makubwa kwenye mashirika ya umma, sekta ya Mawasiliano iliwekwa huru. Hii ilisababisha kugawanyika kwa TPTC; TPTC iligawanyika katika taasisi tatu tofauti, ambazo ni [[Shirika la Posta Tanzania]], Kampuni ya Simu Tanzania (TTCL), na [[Mamlaka ya Mawasiliano Tanzania|Tume ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] (TCC). === Ubinafsishaji === Kutokana na kuongezeka kwa ushindani wa ndani na usimamizi mbovu serikali iliamua kubinafsisha kampuni. Ubinafsishaji wa sehemu ya TTCL ulianza tarehe 23 Februari 2001, ambapo kampuni ya [[Airtel Tanzania|Celtel International]] (iliyokuwa ikiitwa MSI Cellular) yenye makao yake makuu mjini [[Amsterdam]], [[Uholanzi]], pamoja na kampuni ya Kijerumani ya [[Detecon]], zilipata hisa 35% kutoka Serikali ya Tanzania. Muungano huo ulichukua udhibiti wa Bodi na Menejimenti ya TTCL. Kuanzia tarehe 23 Februari 2001 na kuendelea, ulikuwa na kura ya turufu juu ya maamuzi makuu ya Bodi ya Wakurugenzi, haki ya kuteua menejimenti kuu, kuweka mpango wa biashara wa mwaka na kudhibiti maamuzi yote ya matumizi ya mtaji.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2008-01-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519173732/http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|archivedate=19 May 2011|df=dmy-all}} The Regulatory Design Problem Revisited: Tanzania’s Pioneering Position in Africa</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2005, TTCL ilijiondoa katika usimamizi wa pamoja, Serikali ya Tanzania na Celtel International zilitia saini makubaliano ambapo wanahisa walikubali marekebisho ya kampuni hizo mbili na baada ya hapo TTCL na Celtel zikawa kampuni tofauti kabisa kisheria, kifedha na kiuendeshaji.<ref>[http://www.celtel.com/en/news/press-release31/index.html] TTCL and Celtel now separate companies 22 August 2005</ref> === SaskTel === Mwaka 2006, TTCL ilikabiliwa na changamoto kadhaa za fedha na uendeshaji ambazo zilitishia uhai wa muda mrefu wa kampuni. Mnamo Februari 2007, wanahisa waliipa kampuni ya [[Kanada]], [[SaskTel]], kandarasi ya miaka mitatu ya usimamizi ili kuongoza mabadiliko ya teknolojia, kifedha, kiutendaji na kiutamaduni ya TTCL. Mkataba huo ulihitaji timu mpya ya uongozi wa juu kuboresha nafasi ya ushindani ya muda mrefu ya TTCL na kukuza idadi ya wateja wake na vyanzo vya mapato. SaskTel International ilichukua uongozi wa TTCL Julai 2007. Hata hivyo, kutoelewana kati ya SaskTel na wanahisa walio wengi juu ya mpango wa muda mrefu wa ufadhili wa mtaji wa TTCL, uliojadiliwa na SaskTel kusaidia mpango wa ukuaji, ulisababisha tarehe 12 Julai 2009 SaskTel kuwasilisha notisi ya siku 45 ya kusitisha kandarasi na kumaliza mkataba wa usimamizi. Wakati Bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya TTCL iliidhinisha mpango wa ufadhili, wanahisa wengi walikataa kuunga mkono mpango huo na kusababisha timu ya wasimamizi wakuu wa SaskTel kuondoka rasmi kwenye shirika hilo mnamo Septemba 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2009/07/06/sasktel-pulls-out-of-ttcl-deal/|title=SaskTel Pulls Out of TTCL Deal|last=TGC|first=.|date=6 July 2009|publisher=Telegeography.com|accessdate=28 May 2015}}</ref> === Uhamisho wa hisa === Mnamo Septemba 2013 Kampuni Mzazi ya Celtel MTC Group ilinunuliwa na Zain International BV ya Kuwait. Pamoja na chapa ya celtel, Zain pia ilipata hisa 35% katika TTCL. Kuanzia makubaliano ya 2005 Celtel na TTCL zilizingatiwa kuwa vyombo tofauti vya kisheria na kwa hivyo, Zain haikuwa na udhibiti wa moja kwa moja juu ya shughuli za kampuni. Vile vile tarehe 8 Juni 2010, Bharti Airtel ilifikia makubaliano ya ununuzi wa huduma za simu katika nchi 15 za Afrika kutoka Zain na kurithi hisa. == Maswala ya ushirika == === Umiliki === Hivi sasa kampuni hiyo inamilikiwa kwa asilimia zote na Serikali. Mwaka 2001 serikali ya Tanzania iliuza hisa 35% za kampuni na mwaka 2016 ili kulinda kampuni hiyo, ilinunua tena hisa hizo ili kurejesha umiliki wa asilimia 100. Washirika wa mwisho wa kampuni hiyo walikuwa [[Bharti Airtel]] ya [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/home-banner/tanzanian-government-takes-back-35-ttcl-airtel-regain-full-ownership/|title=Tanzanian government takes back 35% of TTCL from Airtel to regain full ownership|date=27 May 2015|language=en-US|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Airtel Waijibu Serikali Kuhusu Sakata la Ubinafsishaji wa TTCL - Global Publishers|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/airtel-waijibu-serikali-kuhusu-sakata-la-ubinafsishaji-wa-ttcl/|work=globalpublishers.co.tz|accessdate=2022-08-17}}</ref> === Mwenendo wa biashara === Hadi kufikia Machi 2016 TTCL ilikuwa na wateja wachache kuliko watoa huduma wengine sita wa simu za mkononi nchini. TTCL ina jumla ya wateja 305,000 ambapo asilimia 45 ni watumiaji wa simu za mezani. Katika soko la simu za mezani, TTCL inakaribia kuwa na ukiritimba na inashughulikia zaidi ya asilimia 99 ya wateja.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/CommStatMarch16.pdf|title=March 2016 communication statistics|last=|first=|date=March 2016|website=tcra.co.tz|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> <center> {| class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background: #1268B3;" | ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2010</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2011</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2012</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2013</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2014</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2015</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2016</span> |- | Mauzo ([[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |80 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |93 | align="center" |96 | align="center" |104 | align="center" |119 |- | Mauzo ([[US Dollar|US$]]&nbsp;million)* | align="center" |57.5 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |55.1 | align="center" |57.7 | align="center" |49.5 | align="center" |54.5 |- | Faida/hasara (TSh.&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |{{color|red|-28}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |{{color|red|-16}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | |- |Wateja | align="center" |252,813 | align="center" |226,153 | align="center" |227,424 | align="center" |209,111 | align="center" |288,136 | align="center" |303,186 | |- | <small>''Vidokezo/vyanzo''</small> | align="center" |<ref>Majaliwa. "[https://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership]". AllAfrica. Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-08-17.</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune11.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2011|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune12.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2012|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune13.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2013|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune14.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2014|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/We-re-in-good-shape-to-issue-dividend-to-govt--says-TTCL/1840340-4331630-154mn8uz/index.html|title=We're in good shape to issue dividend to govt, says TTCL|date=2018-03-07|work=The Citizen|access-date=2018-03-07|language=en}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune15.pdf|title=TCRA statistics 2015|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> | align="center" |<ref name=":2" /> |} </center> === Makao Makuu === Kampuni hii ina makao yake makuu na kituo cha huduma kwa wateja katika Jengo la Extelecom lililopo [[Barabara ya Samora]], mashariki mwa [[Kisutu]], kusini mashariki mwa [[Dar es Salaam]]. Shirika la Mawasiliano Tanzania (TTCL) pia linasimamia na kuendesha ofisi na idara za uhandisi katika mikoa na miji mikuu yote nchini. ==Angalia pia== #[[Vodacom Tanzania]] #[[Airtel Tanzania]] #[[MIC Tanzania Limited (tiGO)]] # [[Vodacom]] # [[3G| Teknolojia ya 3G]] #[[Celtel| Celtel International ]] #[[EASSy|Eastern Africa Submarine Cable System]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-uchumi}} [[Jamii:Mashirika ya serikali ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu zilizoanzishwa mnamo 1993]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za simu za mkononi Tanzania]] ptghjm43t0j2p2nxzw212d3x17o937z 1243536 1243535 2022-08-19T13:18:14Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Kampuni | homepage = {{URL|http://www.ttcl.co.tz/|Tovuti ya TTCL}} |jina=Tanzania Telecommunications<br>Corporation|nembo=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|nembo_ya_kampuni=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|ilipoanzishwa=1993 (ilianza kazi tarehe 1 Januari 1994)|watu wakuu=Waziri Kindamba, [[Mkurugenzi]]|nchi=[[Tanzania]]|mahali=|mji=Extelecoms House, Samora Avenue, Kisutu, [[Dar es Salaam]]|wafanyakazi=1,600 <small>(Feb 2016)</small>|bidhaa=TTCL [[Broad band]], TTCL [[Mobile phone|Mobile]], [[IP VPN]], Prepaid Services, Postpaid Services, Rafiki Public Phone, [[Leased line|Leased Circuits]], Internet [[Bandwidth (computing)|Bandwidth]], Broadband and Wholesale Administrator|mmiliki=[[Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]]|eneo linalohudumiwa=[[Tanzania]]|jina_la_kampuni=TTCL|hudma=[[Mawasiliano|Huduma za Mawasiliano]]|mapato={{increase}} [[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]93&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013">{{cite news|last1=Majaliwa|title=Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html|accessdate=7 September 2016|agency=AllAfrica}}</ref>|net_income={{increase}} TSh.16&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013" /> }} '''Tanzania Telecommunications Corporation ('''zamani: '''Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited''') mara nyingi huitwa kwa kifupi '''TTCL''', ni kampuni kongwe na kubwa zaidi ya [[mawasiliano]] ya [[simu]] nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kampuni ilianza kufanya kazi kufuatia mgawanyiko wa lililokuwa shirika la serikali lililojulikana kama Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano Tanzania (TP&TC) [[mwaka]] [[1993]]. TTCL ilikuwa inamilikiwa kabisa na [[Serikali]] ya [[Tanzania]] mpaka [[ubinafsishaji]] wa kampuni ulipofanyika [[tarehe]] [[23 Februari]] [[2001]].[[File:OFC splicing.jpg|thumb|Mhandisi akiwa kazini kwenye matengenezo katika kituo cha mitambo cha TTCL, Mtwara Tanzania]] TTCL inaongozwa kwa mujibu wa [[Sheria ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] ya mwaka [[1993]]. Kampuni hii ina leseni ya huduma za msingi za simu kwa [[Tanzania Bara]] na [[Zanzibar (maana)|Zanzibar]] na hivyo inamiliki na kuendesha mtandao wa simu Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar. Kabla ya ujio wa kampuni za simu mwishoni mwa 1994, kampuni ilikuwa ikifurahia ukiritimba Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar, ambapo Zanzibar Telecoms Limited ([[Zantel]]) ilikuwa kampuni ya pili yenye leseni ya msingi ya mawasiliano ya simu. Kampuni imekuwa katika menejimenti kadhaa za pamoja kutokana na kuyumba kwake kifedha hapo awali na imepitia awamu kadhaa za mabadiliko. Imekuwa ikifanya kazi na [[Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd]] kama mchuuzi wa miundombinu ya kampuni na [[Ericsson]] kama msambazaji wa kimkakati wa muda mrefu wa kampuni.<ref>[http://archive.ericsson.net/service/internet/picov/get?DocNo=21331-AE/LZT1237849/PDF&Lang=AE] Tanzania's leading operator TTCL, enters the next generation with an Ericsson 'Learning Solution</ref> == Historia == === Historia ya awali === Historia ya TTCL inaanzia kwa mtoa huduma wa mawasiliano wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Mnamo 1933, iliyokuwa Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki ilishughulikia huduma za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu katika mataifa matatu ya Afrika Mashariki ([[Tanganyika]], [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]]). Mnamo 1951 serikali ya [[Uingereza]] ilibadilisha Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki na kutunga Sheria ya Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu ya Afrika Mashariki mwaka wa 1951 ili kuanzisha Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref>{{Citation|last=Smith|first=Allan B.|title=History of the east African posts and telecommunications administration 1837 to 1967|date=1971|url=http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/26809|language=en|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref> Mwaka 1967, baada ya mataifa hayo matatu kupata uhuru, [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] (EAC) ilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya [[Mamlaka ya Huduma za Pamoja za Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Baadaye, Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu la Afrika Mashariki (EAP&TC) lilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki. Hata hivyo, miaka kumi baadaye, kuvunjika kwa [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] mwaka 1977 kulilazimisha nchi wanachama wa EAC kuanzisha upya biashara zao za kitaifa za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu. Kwa hiyo, mwaka wa 1978 nchini Tanzania shirika la serikali lilianzishwa chini ya jina la Shirika la Posta na Simu Tanzania (TPTC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egov.go.tz/egov_uploads/documents/The_Tanzania_Posts_and_Telecommunications_Corporation_Act,_1_sw.pdf|title=The Tanzania Posts and Telecommunications corporation Act, 1977|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Government of Tanzania|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref> Mwaka wa 1993 serikali ya Tanzania ilipofanya marekebisho makubwa kwenye mashirika ya umma, sekta ya Mawasiliano iliwekwa huru. Hii ilisababisha kugawanyika kwa TPTC; TPTC iligawanyika katika taasisi tatu tofauti, ambazo ni [[Shirika la Posta Tanzania]], Kampuni ya Simu Tanzania (TTCL), na [[Mamlaka ya Mawasiliano Tanzania|Tume ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] (TCC). === Ubinafsishaji === Kutokana na kuongezeka kwa ushindani wa ndani na usimamizi mbovu serikali iliamua kubinafsisha kampuni. Ubinafsishaji wa sehemu ya TTCL ulianza tarehe 23 Februari 2001, ambapo kampuni ya [[Airtel Tanzania|Celtel International]] (iliyokuwa ikiitwa MSI Cellular) yenye makao yake makuu mjini [[Amsterdam]], [[Uholanzi]], pamoja na kampuni ya Kijerumani ya [[Detecon]], zilipata hisa 35% kutoka Serikali ya Tanzania. Muungano huo ulichukua udhibiti wa Bodi na Menejimenti ya TTCL. Kuanzia tarehe 23 Februari 2001 na kuendelea, ulikuwa na kura ya turufu juu ya maamuzi makuu ya Bodi ya Wakurugenzi, haki ya kuteua menejimenti kuu, kuweka mpango wa biashara wa mwaka na kudhibiti maamuzi yote ya matumizi ya mtaji.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2008-01-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519173732/http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|archivedate=19 May 2011|df=dmy-all}} The Regulatory Design Problem Revisited: Tanzania’s Pioneering Position in Africa</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2005, TTCL ilijiondoa katika usimamizi wa pamoja, Serikali ya Tanzania na Celtel International zilitia saini makubaliano ambapo wanahisa walikubali marekebisho ya kampuni hizo mbili na baada ya hapo TTCL na Celtel zikawa kampuni tofauti kabisa kisheria, kifedha na kiuendeshaji.<ref>[http://www.celtel.com/en/news/press-release31/index.html] TTCL and Celtel now separate companies 22 August 2005</ref> === SaskTel === Mwaka 2006, TTCL ilikabiliwa na changamoto kadhaa za fedha na uendeshaji ambazo zilitishia uhai wa muda mrefu wa kampuni. Mnamo Februari 2007, wanahisa waliipa kampuni ya [[Kanada]], [[SaskTel]], kandarasi ya miaka mitatu ya usimamizi ili kuongoza mabadiliko ya teknolojia, kifedha, kiutendaji na kiutamaduni ya TTCL. Mkataba huo ulihitaji timu mpya ya uongozi wa juu kuboresha nafasi ya ushindani ya muda mrefu ya TTCL na kukuza idadi ya wateja wake na vyanzo vya mapato. SaskTel International ilichukua uongozi wa TTCL Julai 2007. Hata hivyo, kutoelewana kati ya SaskTel na wanahisa walio wengi juu ya mpango wa muda mrefu wa ufadhili wa mtaji wa TTCL, uliojadiliwa na SaskTel kusaidia mpango wa ukuaji, ulisababisha tarehe 12 Julai 2009 SaskTel kuwasilisha notisi ya siku 45 ya kusitisha kandarasi na kumaliza mkataba wa usimamizi. Wakati Bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya TTCL iliidhinisha mpango wa ufadhili, wanahisa wengi walikataa kuunga mkono mpango huo na kusababisha timu ya wasimamizi wakuu wa SaskTel kuondoka rasmi kwenye shirika hilo mnamo Septemba 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2009/07/06/sasktel-pulls-out-of-ttcl-deal/|title=SaskTel Pulls Out of TTCL Deal|last=TGC|first=.|date=6 July 2009|publisher=Telegeography.com|accessdate=28 May 2015}}</ref> === Uhamisho wa hisa === Mnamo Septemba 2013 Kampuni Kuu ya Celtel MTC Group ilinunuliwa na [[Zain International BV]] ya Kuwait.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=http://www.zain.com/en/about-us/milestones/|title=Zain – about-us – milestones|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=[[Zain Group]]|accessdate=6 August 2015}}</ref> Pamoja na chapa ya celtel, Zain pia ilipata hisa 35% katika TTCL. Kuanzia makubaliano ya nwaka wa 2005 Celtel na TTCL zilitambuliwa kama vyombo tofauti vya kisheria, kwa hivyo, Zain haikuwa na udhibiti wa moja kwa moja juu ya shughuli za kampuni. Vile vile tarehe 8 Juni 2010, [[Bharti Airtel]] ilifikia makubaliano ya ununuzi wa huduma za simu katika nchi 15 za Afrika kutoka Zain na kurithi hisa za TTCL.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zain-bharti-idUSTRE6570VJ20100608|title=Bharti closes $9&nbsp;billion Zain Africa deal|last2=Goma|first2=Eman|date=8 June 2010|publisher=Reuters|last1=Tripathy|first1=Devidutta|work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=7 September 2014}}</ref> == Maswala ya ushirika == === Umiliki === Hivi sasa kampuni hiyo inamilikiwa kwa asilimia zote na Serikali. Mwaka 2001 serikali ya Tanzania iliuza hisa 35% za kampuni na mwaka 2016 ili kulinda kampuni hiyo, ilinunua tena hisa hizo ili kurejesha umiliki wa asilimia 100. Washirika wa mwisho wa kampuni hiyo walikuwa [[Bharti Airtel]] ya [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/home-banner/tanzanian-government-takes-back-35-ttcl-airtel-regain-full-ownership/|title=Tanzanian government takes back 35% of TTCL from Airtel to regain full ownership|date=27 May 2015|language=en-US|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Airtel Waijibu Serikali Kuhusu Sakata la Ubinafsishaji wa TTCL - Global Publishers|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/airtel-waijibu-serikali-kuhusu-sakata-la-ubinafsishaji-wa-ttcl/|work=globalpublishers.co.tz|accessdate=2022-08-17}}</ref> === Mwenendo wa biashara === Hadi kufikia Machi 2016 TTCL ilikuwa na wateja wachache kuliko watoa huduma wengine sita wa simu za mkononi nchini. TTCL ina jumla ya wateja 305,000 ambapo asilimia 45 ni watumiaji wa simu za mezani. Katika soko la simu za mezani, TTCL inakaribia kuwa na ukiritimba na inashughulikia zaidi ya asilimia 99 ya wateja.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/CommStatMarch16.pdf|title=March 2016 communication statistics|last=|first=|date=March 2016|website=tcra.co.tz|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> <center> {| class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background: #1268B3;" | ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2010</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2011</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2012</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2013</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2014</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2015</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2016</span> |- | Mauzo ([[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |80 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |93 | align="center" |96 | align="center" |104 | align="center" |119 |- | Mauzo ([[US Dollar|US$]]&nbsp;million)* | align="center" |57.5 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |55.1 | align="center" |57.7 | align="center" |49.5 | align="center" |54.5 |- | Faida/hasara (TSh.&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |{{color|red|-28}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |{{color|red|-16}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | |- |Wateja | align="center" |252,813 | align="center" |226,153 | align="center" |227,424 | align="center" |209,111 | align="center" |288,136 | align="center" |303,186 | |- | <small>''Vidokezo/vyanzo''</small> | align="center" |<ref>Majaliwa. "[https://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership]". AllAfrica. Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-08-17.</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune11.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2011|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune12.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2012|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune13.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2013|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune14.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2014|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/We-re-in-good-shape-to-issue-dividend-to-govt--says-TTCL/1840340-4331630-154mn8uz/index.html|title=We're in good shape to issue dividend to govt, says TTCL|date=2018-03-07|work=The Citizen|access-date=2018-03-07|language=en}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune15.pdf|title=TCRA statistics 2015|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> | align="center" |<ref name=":2" /> |} </center> === Makao Makuu === Kampuni hii ina makao yake makuu na kituo cha huduma kwa wateja katika Jengo la Extelecom lililopo [[Barabara ya Samora]], mashariki mwa [[Kisutu]], kusini mashariki mwa [[Dar es Salaam]]. Shirika la Mawasiliano Tanzania (TTCL) pia linasimamia na kuendesha ofisi na idara za uhandisi katika mikoa na miji mikuu yote nchini. ==Angalia pia== #[[Vodacom Tanzania]] #[[Airtel Tanzania]] #[[MIC Tanzania Limited (tiGO)]] # [[Vodacom]] # [[3G| Teknolojia ya 3G]] #[[Celtel| Celtel International ]] #[[EASSy|Eastern Africa Submarine Cable System]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-uchumi}} [[Jamii:Mashirika ya serikali ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu zilizoanzishwa mnamo 1993]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za simu za mkononi Tanzania]] opoh7dp6gmcciv8plavanfi9p5xvgmx 1243538 1243536 2022-08-19T13:21:15Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Kampuni | homepage = {{URL|http://www.ttcl.co.tz/|Tovuti ya TTCL}} |jina=Tanzania Telecommunications<br>Corporation|nembo=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|nembo_ya_kampuni=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|ilipoanzishwa=1993 (ilianza kazi tarehe 1 Januari 1994)|watu wakuu=Waziri Kindamba, [[Mkurugenzi]]|nchi=[[Tanzania]]|mahali=|mji=Extelecoms House, Samora Avenue, Kisutu, [[Dar es Salaam]]|wafanyakazi=1,600 <small>(Feb 2016)</small>|bidhaa=TTCL [[Broad band]], TTCL [[Mobile phone|Mobile]], [[IP VPN]], Prepaid Services, Postpaid Services, Rafiki Public Phone, [[Leased line|Leased Circuits]], Internet [[Bandwidth (computing)|Bandwidth]], Broadband and Wholesale Administrator|mmiliki=[[Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]]|eneo linalohudumiwa=[[Tanzania]]|jina_la_kampuni=TTCL|hudma=[[Mawasiliano|Huduma za Mawasiliano]]|mapato={{increase}} [[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]93&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013">{{cite news|last1=Majaliwa|title=Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html|accessdate=7 September 2016|agency=AllAfrica}}</ref>|net_income={{increase}} TSh.16&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013" /> }} '''Tanzania Telecommunications Corporation ('''zamani: '''Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited''') mara nyingi huitwa kwa kifupi '''TTCL''', ni kampuni kongwe na kubwa zaidi ya [[mawasiliano]] ya [[simu]] nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kampuni ilianza kufanya kazi kufuatia mgawanyiko wa lililokuwa shirika la serikali lililojulikana kama Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano Tanzania (TP&TC) [[mwaka]] [[1993]]. TTCL ilikuwa inamilikiwa kabisa na [[Serikali]] ya [[Tanzania]] mpaka [[ubinafsishaji]] wa kampuni ulipofanyika [[tarehe]] [[23 Februari]] [[2001]].[[File:OFC splicing.jpg|thumb|Mhandisi akiwa kazini kwenye matengenezo katika kituo cha mitambo cha TTCL, Mtwara Tanzania]] TTCL inaongozwa kwa mujibu wa [[Sheria ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] ya mwaka [[1993]]. Kampuni hii ina leseni ya huduma za msingi za simu kwa [[Tanzania Bara]] na [[Zanzibar (maana)|Zanzibar]] na hivyo inamiliki na kuendesha mtandao wa simu Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar. Kabla ya ujio wa kampuni za simu mwishoni mwa 1994, kampuni ilikuwa ikifurahia ukiritimba Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar, ambapo Zanzibar Telecoms Limited ([[Zantel]]) ilikuwa kampuni ya pili yenye leseni ya msingi ya mawasiliano ya simu. Kampuni imekuwa katika menejimenti kadhaa za pamoja kutokana na kuyumba kwake kifedha hapo awali na imepitia awamu kadhaa za mabadiliko. Imekuwa ikifanya kazi na [[Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd]] kama mchuuzi wa miundombinu ya kampuni na [[Ericsson]] kama msambazaji wa kimkakati wa muda mrefu wa kampuni.<ref>[http://archive.ericsson.net/service/internet/picov/get?DocNo=21331-AE/LZT1237849/PDF&Lang=AE] Tanzania's leading operator TTCL, enters the next generation with an Ericsson 'Learning Solution</ref> == Historia == === Historia ya awali === Historia ya TTCL inaanzia kwa mtoa huduma wa mawasiliano wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Mnamo 1933, iliyokuwa Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki ilishughulikia huduma za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu katika mataifa matatu ya Afrika Mashariki ([[Tanganyika]], [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]]). Mnamo 1951 serikali ya [[Uingereza]] ilibadilisha Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki na kutunga Sheria ya Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu ya Afrika Mashariki mwaka wa 1951 ili kuanzisha Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref>{{Citation|last=Smith|first=Allan B.|title=History of the east African posts and telecommunications administration 1837 to 1967|date=1971|url=http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/26809|language=en|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref> Mwaka 1967, baada ya mataifa hayo matatu kupata uhuru, [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] (EAC) ilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya [[Mamlaka ya Huduma za Pamoja za Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Baadaye, Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu la Afrika Mashariki (EAP&TC) lilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki. Hata hivyo, miaka kumi baadaye, kuvunjika kwa [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] mwaka 1977 kulilazimisha nchi wanachama wa EAC kuanzisha upya biashara zao za kitaifa za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu. Kwa hiyo, mwaka wa 1978 nchini Tanzania shirika la serikali lilianzishwa chini ya jina la Shirika la Posta na Simu Tanzania (TPTC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egov.go.tz/egov_uploads/documents/The_Tanzania_Posts_and_Telecommunications_Corporation_Act,_1_sw.pdf|title=The Tanzania Posts and Telecommunications corporation Act, 1977|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Government of Tanzania|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref> Mwaka wa 1993 serikali ya Tanzania ilipofanya marekebisho makubwa kwenye mashirika ya umma, sekta ya Mawasiliano iliwekwa huru. Hii ilisababisha kugawanyika kwa TPTC; TPTC iligawanyika katika taasisi tatu tofauti, ambazo ni [[Shirika la Posta Tanzania]], Kampuni ya Simu Tanzania (TTCL), na [[Mamlaka ya Mawasiliano Tanzania|Tume ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] (TCC). === Ubinafsishaji === Kutokana na kuongezeka kwa ushindani wa ndani na usimamizi mbovu serikali iliamua kubinafsisha kampuni. Ubinafsishaji wa sehemu ya TTCL ulianza tarehe 23 Februari 2001, ambapo kampuni ya [[Airtel Tanzania|Celtel International]] (iliyokuwa ikiitwa MSI Cellular) yenye makao yake makuu mjini [[Amsterdam]], [[Uholanzi]], pamoja na kampuni ya Kijerumani ya [[Detecon]], zilipata hisa 35% kutoka Serikali ya Tanzania. Muungano huo ulichukua udhibiti wa Bodi na Menejimenti ya TTCL. Kuanzia tarehe 23 Februari 2001 na kuendelea, ulikuwa na kura ya turufu juu ya maamuzi makuu ya Bodi ya Wakurugenzi, haki ya kuteua menejimenti kuu, kuweka mpango wa biashara wa mwaka na kudhibiti maamuzi yote ya matumizi ya mtaji.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2008-01-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519173732/http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|archivedate=19 May 2011|df=dmy-all}} The Regulatory Design Problem Revisited: Tanzania’s Pioneering Position in Africa</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2005, TTCL ilijiondoa katika usimamizi wa pamoja, Serikali ya Tanzania na Celtel International zilitia saini makubaliano ambapo wanahisa walikubali marekebisho ya kampuni hizo mbili na baada ya hapo TTCL na Celtel zikawa kampuni tofauti kabisa kisheria, kifedha na kiuendeshaji.<ref>[http://www.celtel.com/en/news/press-release31/index.html] TTCL and Celtel now separate companies 22 August 2005</ref> === SaskTel === Mwaka 2006, TTCL ilikabiliwa na changamoto kadhaa za fedha na uendeshaji ambazo zilitishia uhai wa muda mrefu wa kampuni. Mnamo Februari 2007, wanahisa waliipa kampuni ya [[Kanada]], [[SaskTel]], kandarasi ya miaka mitatu ya usimamizi ili kuongoza mabadiliko ya teknolojia, kifedha, kiutendaji na kiutamaduni ya TTCL. Mkataba huo ulihitaji timu mpya ya uongozi wa juu kuboresha nafasi ya ushindani ya muda mrefu ya TTCL na kukuza idadi ya wateja wake na vyanzo vya mapato. SaskTel International ilichukua uongozi wa TTCL Julai 2007. Hata hivyo, kutoelewana kati ya SaskTel na wanahisa walio wengi juu ya mpango wa muda mrefu wa ufadhili wa mtaji wa TTCL, uliojadiliwa na SaskTel kusaidia mpango wa ukuaji, ulisababisha tarehe 12 Julai 2009 SaskTel kuwasilisha notisi ya siku 45 ya kusitisha kandarasi na kumaliza mkataba wa usimamizi. Wakati Bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya TTCL iliidhinisha mpango wa ufadhili, wanahisa wengi walikataa kuunga mkono mpango huo na kusababisha timu ya wasimamizi wakuu wa SaskTel kuondoka rasmi kwenye shirika hilo mnamo Septemba 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2009/07/06/sasktel-pulls-out-of-ttcl-deal/|title=SaskTel Pulls Out of TTCL Deal|last=TGC|first=.|date=6 July 2009|publisher=Telegeography.com|accessdate=28 May 2015}}</ref> === Uhamisho wa hisa === Mnamo Septemba 2013 Kampuni Kuu ya Celtel MTC Group ilinunuliwa na [[Zain International BV]] ya Kuwait.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=http://www.zain.com/en/about-us/milestones/|title=Zain – about-us – milestones|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=[[Zain Group]]|accessdate=6 August 2015}}</ref> Pamoja na chapa ya celtel, Zain pia ilipata hisa 35% katika TTCL. Kuanzia makubaliano ya nwaka wa 2005 Celtel na TTCL zilitambuliwa kama vyombo tofauti vya kisheria, kwa hivyo, Zain haikuwa na udhibiti wa moja kwa moja juu ya shughuli za kampuni. Vile vile tarehe 8 Juni 2010, [[Bharti Airtel]] ilifikia makubaliano ya ununuzi wa huduma za simu katika nchi 15 za Afrika kutoka Zain na kurithi hisa za TTCL.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zain-bharti-idUSTRE6570VJ20100608|title=Bharti closes $9&nbsp;billion Zain Africa deal|last2=Goma|first2=Eman|date=8 June 2010|publisher=Reuters|last1=Tripathy|first1=Devidutta|work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=7 September 2014}}</ref> === Kutaifisha === Mnamo Februari 2016, [[Bharti Airtel]] mmiliki wa asilimia 35 ya hisa katika kampuni ya simu ya serikali alikubali kuuza hisa zake kwa serikali kwa 14bn/-. Mzozo kati ya kampuni hiyo na serikali ulidumu kwa miaka mitatu huku kampuni hiyo ikidai pesa zaidi za fidia. Hata hivyo, mauzo yalihitimishwa tarehe 23 Juni 2016 na kampuni ikarejea kuwa mali ya serikali. == Maswala ya ushirika == === Umiliki === Hivi sasa kampuni hiyo inamilikiwa kwa asilimia zote na Serikali. Mwaka 2001 serikali ya Tanzania iliuza hisa 35% za kampuni na mwaka 2016 ili kulinda kampuni hiyo, ilinunua tena hisa hizo ili kurejesha umiliki wa asilimia 100. Washirika wa mwisho wa kampuni hiyo walikuwa [[Bharti Airtel]] ya [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/home-banner/tanzanian-government-takes-back-35-ttcl-airtel-regain-full-ownership/|title=Tanzanian government takes back 35% of TTCL from Airtel to regain full ownership|date=27 May 2015|language=en-US|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Airtel Waijibu Serikali Kuhusu Sakata la Ubinafsishaji wa TTCL - Global Publishers|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/airtel-waijibu-serikali-kuhusu-sakata-la-ubinafsishaji-wa-ttcl/|work=globalpublishers.co.tz|accessdate=2022-08-17}}</ref> === Mwenendo wa biashara === Hadi kufikia Machi 2016 TTCL ilikuwa na wateja wachache kuliko watoa huduma wengine sita wa simu za mkononi nchini. TTCL ina jumla ya wateja 305,000 ambapo asilimia 45 ni watumiaji wa simu za mezani. Katika soko la simu za mezani, TTCL inakaribia kuwa na ukiritimba na inashughulikia zaidi ya asilimia 99 ya wateja.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/CommStatMarch16.pdf|title=March 2016 communication statistics|last=|first=|date=March 2016|website=tcra.co.tz|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> <center> {| class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background: #1268B3;" | ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2010</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2011</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2012</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2013</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2014</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2015</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2016</span> |- | Mauzo ([[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |80 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |93 | align="center" |96 | align="center" |104 | align="center" |119 |- | Mauzo ([[US Dollar|US$]]&nbsp;million)* | align="center" |57.5 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |55.1 | align="center" |57.7 | align="center" |49.5 | align="center" |54.5 |- | Faida/hasara (TSh.&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |{{color|red|-28}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |{{color|red|-16}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | |- |Wateja | align="center" |252,813 | align="center" |226,153 | align="center" |227,424 | align="center" |209,111 | align="center" |288,136 | align="center" |303,186 | |- | <small>''Vidokezo/vyanzo''</small> | align="center" |<ref>Majaliwa. "[https://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership]". AllAfrica. Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-08-17.</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune11.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2011|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune12.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2012|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune13.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2013|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune14.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2014|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/We-re-in-good-shape-to-issue-dividend-to-govt--says-TTCL/1840340-4331630-154mn8uz/index.html|title=We're in good shape to issue dividend to govt, says TTCL|date=2018-03-07|work=The Citizen|access-date=2018-03-07|language=en}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune15.pdf|title=TCRA statistics 2015|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> | align="center" |<ref name=":2" /> |} </center> === Makao Makuu === Kampuni hii ina makao yake makuu na kituo cha huduma kwa wateja katika Jengo la Extelecom lililopo [[Barabara ya Samora]], mashariki mwa [[Kisutu]], kusini mashariki mwa [[Dar es Salaam]]. Shirika la Mawasiliano Tanzania (TTCL) pia linasimamia na kuendesha ofisi na idara za uhandisi katika mikoa na miji mikuu yote nchini. ==Angalia pia== #[[Vodacom Tanzania]] #[[Airtel Tanzania]] #[[MIC Tanzania Limited (tiGO)]] # [[Vodacom]] # [[3G| Teknolojia ya 3G]] #[[Celtel| Celtel International ]] #[[EASSy|Eastern Africa Submarine Cable System]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-uchumi}} [[Jamii:Mashirika ya serikali ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu zilizoanzishwa mnamo 1993]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za simu za mkononi Tanzania]] hsot6i92axzoh3z5p6vx8hfpy8zewi5 1243539 1243538 2022-08-19T13:24:51Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Kampuni | homepage = {{URL|http://www.ttcl.co.tz/|Tovuti ya TTCL}} |jina=Tanzania Telecommunications<br>Corporation|nembo=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|nembo_ya_kampuni=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|ilipoanzishwa=1993 (ilianza kazi tarehe 1 Januari 1994)|watu wakuu=Waziri Kindamba, [[Mkurugenzi]]|nchi=[[Tanzania]]|mahali=|mji=Extelecoms House, Samora Avenue, Kisutu, [[Dar es Salaam]]|wafanyakazi=1,600 <small>(Feb 2016)</small>|bidhaa=TTCL [[Broad band]], TTCL [[Mobile phone|Mobile]], [[IP VPN]], Prepaid Services, Postpaid Services, Rafiki Public Phone, [[Leased line|Leased Circuits]], Internet [[Bandwidth (computing)|Bandwidth]], Broadband and Wholesale Administrator|mmiliki=[[Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]]|eneo linalohudumiwa=[[Tanzania]]|jina_la_kampuni=TTCL|hudma=[[Mawasiliano|Huduma za Mawasiliano]]|mapato={{increase}} [[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]93&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013">{{cite news|last1=Majaliwa|title=Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html|accessdate=7 September 2016|agency=AllAfrica}}</ref>|net_income={{increase}} TSh.16&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013" /> }} '''Tanzania Telecommunications Corporation ('''zamani: '''Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited''') mara nyingi huitwa kwa kifupi '''TTCL''', ni kampuni kongwe na kubwa zaidi ya [[mawasiliano]] ya [[simu]] nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kampuni ilianza kufanya kazi kufuatia mgawanyiko wa lililokuwa shirika la serikali lililojulikana kama Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano Tanzania (TP&TC) [[mwaka]] [[1993]]. TTCL ilikuwa inamilikiwa kabisa na [[Serikali]] ya [[Tanzania]] mpaka [[ubinafsishaji]] wa kampuni ulipofanyika [[tarehe]] [[23 Februari]] [[2001]].[[File:OFC splicing.jpg|thumb|Mhandisi akiwa kazini kwenye matengenezo katika kituo cha mitambo cha TTCL, Mtwara Tanzania]] TTCL inaongozwa kwa mujibu wa [[Sheria ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] ya mwaka [[1993]]. Kampuni hii ina leseni ya huduma za msingi za simu kwa [[Tanzania Bara]] na [[Zanzibar (maana)|Zanzibar]] na hivyo inamiliki na kuendesha mtandao wa simu Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar. Kabla ya ujio wa kampuni za simu mwishoni mwa 1994, kampuni ilikuwa ikifurahia ukiritimba Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar, ambapo Zanzibar Telecoms Limited ([[Zantel]]) ilikuwa kampuni ya pili yenye leseni ya msingi ya mawasiliano ya simu. Kampuni imekuwa katika menejimenti kadhaa za pamoja kutokana na kuyumba kwake kifedha hapo awali na imepitia awamu kadhaa za mabadiliko. Imekuwa ikifanya kazi na [[Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd]] kama mchuuzi wa miundombinu ya kampuni na [[Ericsson]] kama msambazaji wa kimkakati wa muda mrefu wa kampuni.<ref>[http://archive.ericsson.net/service/internet/picov/get?DocNo=21331-AE/LZT1237849/PDF&Lang=AE] Tanzania's leading operator TTCL, enters the next generation with an Ericsson 'Learning Solution</ref> == Historia == === Historia ya awali === Historia ya TTCL inaanzia kwa mtoa huduma wa mawasiliano wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Mnamo 1933, iliyokuwa Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki ilishughulikia huduma za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu katika mataifa matatu ya Afrika Mashariki ([[Tanganyika]], [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]]). Mnamo 1951 serikali ya [[Uingereza]] ilibadilisha Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki na kutunga Sheria ya Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu ya Afrika Mashariki mwaka wa 1951 ili kuanzisha Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref>{{Citation|last=Smith|first=Allan B.|title=History of the east African posts and telecommunications administration 1837 to 1967|date=1971|url=http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/26809|language=en|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref> Mwaka 1967, baada ya mataifa hayo matatu kupata uhuru, [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] (EAC) ilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya [[Mamlaka ya Huduma za Pamoja za Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Baadaye, Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu la Afrika Mashariki (EAP&TC) lilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki. Hata hivyo, miaka kumi baadaye, kuvunjika kwa [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] mwaka 1977 kulilazimisha nchi wanachama wa EAC kuanzisha upya biashara zao za kitaifa za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu. Kwa hiyo, mwaka wa 1978 nchini Tanzania shirika la serikali lilianzishwa chini ya jina la Shirika la Posta na Simu Tanzania (TPTC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egov.go.tz/egov_uploads/documents/The_Tanzania_Posts_and_Telecommunications_Corporation_Act,_1_sw.pdf|title=The Tanzania Posts and Telecommunications corporation Act, 1977|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Government of Tanzania|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref> Mwaka wa 1993 serikali ya Tanzania ilipofanya marekebisho makubwa kwenye mashirika ya umma, sekta ya Mawasiliano iliwekwa huru. Hii ilisababisha kugawanyika kwa TPTC; TPTC iligawanyika katika taasisi tatu tofauti, ambazo ni [[Shirika la Posta Tanzania]], Kampuni ya Simu Tanzania (TTCL), na [[Mamlaka ya Mawasiliano Tanzania|Tume ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] (TCC). === Ubinafsishaji === Kutokana na kuongezeka kwa ushindani wa ndani na usimamizi mbovu serikali iliamua kubinafsisha kampuni. Ubinafsishaji wa sehemu ya TTCL ulianza tarehe 23 Februari 2001, ambapo kampuni ya [[Airtel Tanzania|Celtel International]] (iliyokuwa ikiitwa MSI Cellular) yenye makao yake makuu mjini [[Amsterdam]], [[Uholanzi]], pamoja na kampuni ya Kijerumani ya [[Detecon]], zilipata hisa 35% kutoka Serikali ya Tanzania. Muungano huo ulichukua udhibiti wa Bodi na Menejimenti ya TTCL. Kuanzia tarehe 23 Februari 2001 na kuendelea, ulikuwa na kura ya turufu juu ya maamuzi makuu ya Bodi ya Wakurugenzi, haki ya kuteua menejimenti kuu, kuweka mpango wa biashara wa mwaka na kudhibiti maamuzi yote ya matumizi ya mtaji.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2008-01-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519173732/http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|archivedate=19 May 2011|df=dmy-all}} The Regulatory Design Problem Revisited: Tanzania’s Pioneering Position in Africa</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2005, TTCL ilijiondoa katika usimamizi wa pamoja, Serikali ya Tanzania na Celtel International zilitia saini makubaliano ambapo wanahisa walikubali marekebisho ya kampuni hizo mbili na baada ya hapo TTCL na Celtel zikawa kampuni tofauti kabisa kisheria, kifedha na kiuendeshaji.<ref>[http://www.celtel.com/en/news/press-release31/index.html] TTCL and Celtel now separate companies 22 August 2005</ref> === SaskTel === Mwaka 2006, TTCL ilikabiliwa na changamoto kadhaa za fedha na uendeshaji ambazo zilitishia uhai wa muda mrefu wa kampuni. Mnamo Februari 2007, wanahisa waliipa kampuni ya [[Kanada]], [[SaskTel]], kandarasi ya miaka mitatu ya usimamizi ili kuongoza mabadiliko ya teknolojia, kifedha, kiutendaji na kiutamaduni ya TTCL. Mkataba huo ulihitaji timu mpya ya uongozi wa juu kuboresha nafasi ya ushindani ya muda mrefu ya TTCL na kukuza idadi ya wateja wake na vyanzo vya mapato. SaskTel International ilichukua uongozi wa TTCL Julai 2007. Hata hivyo, kutoelewana kati ya SaskTel na wanahisa walio wengi juu ya mpango wa muda mrefu wa ufadhili wa mtaji wa TTCL, uliojadiliwa na SaskTel kusaidia mpango wa ukuaji, ulisababisha tarehe 12 Julai 2009 SaskTel kuwasilisha notisi ya siku 45 ya kusitisha kandarasi na kumaliza mkataba wa usimamizi. Wakati Bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya TTCL iliidhinisha mpango wa ufadhili, wanahisa wengi walikataa kuunga mkono mpango huo na kusababisha timu ya wasimamizi wakuu wa SaskTel kuondoka rasmi kwenye shirika hilo mnamo Septemba 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2009/07/06/sasktel-pulls-out-of-ttcl-deal/|title=SaskTel Pulls Out of TTCL Deal|last=TGC|first=.|date=6 July 2009|publisher=Telegeography.com|accessdate=28 May 2015}}</ref> === Uhamisho wa hisa === Mnamo Septemba 2013 Kampuni Kuu ya Celtel MTC Group ilinunuliwa na [[Zain International BV]] ya Kuwait.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=http://www.zain.com/en/about-us/milestones/|title=Zain – about-us – milestones|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=[[Zain Group]]|accessdate=6 August 2015}}</ref> Pamoja na chapa ya celtel, Zain pia ilipata hisa 35% katika TTCL. Kuanzia makubaliano ya nwaka wa 2005 Celtel na TTCL zilitambuliwa kama vyombo tofauti vya kisheria, kwa hivyo, Zain haikuwa na udhibiti wa moja kwa moja juu ya shughuli za kampuni. Vile vile tarehe 8 Juni 2010, [[Bharti Airtel]] ilifikia makubaliano ya ununuzi wa huduma za simu katika nchi 15 za Afrika kutoka Zain na kurithi hisa za TTCL.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zain-bharti-idUSTRE6570VJ20100608|title=Bharti closes $9&nbsp;billion Zain Africa deal|last2=Goma|first2=Eman|date=8 June 2010|publisher=Reuters|last1=Tripathy|first1=Devidutta|work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=7 September 2014}}</ref> === Kutaifisha === Mnamo Februari 2016, [[Bharti Airtel]] mmiliki wa asilimia 35 ya hisa katika kampuni ya simu ya serikali alikubali kuuza hisa zake kwa serikali kwa 14bn/-.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tanzania’s leading provider of prepaid, postpaid mobile, Internet services & Mobile Money.|url=http://www.airtel.co.tz/|work=Airtel|accessdate=2022-08-19}}</ref> Mzozo kati ya kampuni hiyo na serikali ulidumu kwa miaka mitatu huku kampuni hiyo ikidai pesa zaidi za fidia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UWEKEZAJI: Serikali, Airtel wavutana hisa za TTCL|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/uwekezaji-serikali-airtel-wavutana-hisa-za-ttcl-2768784|work=Mwananchi|date=2021-03-11|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html|title=Tanzania: Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership|access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref> Hata hivyo, mauzo yalihitimishwa tarehe 23 Juni 2016 na kampuni ikarejea kuwa mali ya serikali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/50966-state-in-full-ownership-of-ttcl|title=State in full ownership of TTCL|last=Reporter|first=DAILY NEWS|website=dailynews.co.tz|access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref> == Maswala ya ushirika == === Umiliki === Hivi sasa kampuni hiyo inamilikiwa kwa asilimia zote na Serikali. Mwaka 2001 serikali ya Tanzania iliuza hisa 35% za kampuni na mwaka 2016 ili kulinda kampuni hiyo, ilinunua tena hisa hizo ili kurejesha umiliki wa asilimia 100. Washirika wa mwisho wa kampuni hiyo walikuwa [[Bharti Airtel]] ya [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/home-banner/tanzanian-government-takes-back-35-ttcl-airtel-regain-full-ownership/|title=Tanzanian government takes back 35% of TTCL from Airtel to regain full ownership|date=27 May 2015|language=en-US|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Airtel Waijibu Serikali Kuhusu Sakata la Ubinafsishaji wa TTCL - Global Publishers|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/airtel-waijibu-serikali-kuhusu-sakata-la-ubinafsishaji-wa-ttcl/|work=globalpublishers.co.tz|accessdate=2022-08-17}}</ref> === Mwenendo wa biashara === Hadi kufikia Machi 2016 TTCL ilikuwa na wateja wachache kuliko watoa huduma wengine sita wa simu za mkononi nchini. TTCL ina jumla ya wateja 305,000 ambapo asilimia 45 ni watumiaji wa simu za mezani. Katika soko la simu za mezani, TTCL inakaribia kuwa na ukiritimba na inashughulikia zaidi ya asilimia 99 ya wateja.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/CommStatMarch16.pdf|title=March 2016 communication statistics|last=|first=|date=March 2016|website=tcra.co.tz|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> <center> {| class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background: #1268B3;" | ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2010</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2011</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2012</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2013</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2014</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2015</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2016</span> |- | Mauzo ([[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |80 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |93 | align="center" |96 | align="center" |104 | align="center" |119 |- | Mauzo ([[US Dollar|US$]]&nbsp;million)* | align="center" |57.5 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |55.1 | align="center" |57.7 | align="center" |49.5 | align="center" |54.5 |- | Faida/hasara (TSh.&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |{{color|red|-28}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |{{color|red|-16}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | |- |Wateja | align="center" |252,813 | align="center" |226,153 | align="center" |227,424 | align="center" |209,111 | align="center" |288,136 | align="center" |303,186 | |- | <small>''Vidokezo/vyanzo''</small> | align="center" |<ref>Majaliwa. "[https://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership]". AllAfrica. Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-08-17.</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune11.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2011|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune12.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2012|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune13.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2013|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune14.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2014|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/We-re-in-good-shape-to-issue-dividend-to-govt--says-TTCL/1840340-4331630-154mn8uz/index.html|title=We're in good shape to issue dividend to govt, says TTCL|date=2018-03-07|work=The Citizen|access-date=2018-03-07|language=en}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune15.pdf|title=TCRA statistics 2015|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> | align="center" |<ref name=":2" /> |} </center> === Makao Makuu === Kampuni hii ina makao yake makuu na kituo cha huduma kwa wateja katika Jengo la Extelecom lililopo [[Barabara ya Samora]], mashariki mwa [[Kisutu]], kusini mashariki mwa [[Dar es Salaam]]. Shirika la Mawasiliano Tanzania (TTCL) pia linasimamia na kuendesha ofisi na idara za uhandisi katika mikoa na miji mikuu yote nchini. ==Angalia pia== #[[Vodacom Tanzania]] #[[Airtel Tanzania]] #[[MIC Tanzania Limited (tiGO)]] # [[Vodacom]] # [[3G| Teknolojia ya 3G]] #[[Celtel| Celtel International ]] #[[EASSy|Eastern Africa Submarine Cable System]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-uchumi}} [[Jamii:Mashirika ya serikali ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu zilizoanzishwa mnamo 1993]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za simu za mkononi Tanzania]] 2576ul1oush9n4mtinlx85o5tglcfjx 1243540 1243539 2022-08-19T13:25:44Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Kampuni | homepage = {{URL|http://www.ttcl.co.tz/|Tovuti ya TTCL}} |jina=Tanzania Telecommunications<br>Corporation|nembo=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|nembo_ya_kampuni=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|ilipoanzishwa=1993 (ilianza kazi tarehe 1 Januari 1994)|watu wakuu=Waziri Kindamba, [[Mkurugenzi]]|nchi=[[Tanzania]]|mahali=|mji=Extelecoms House, Samora Avenue, Kisutu, [[Dar es Salaam]]|wafanyakazi=1,600 <small>(Feb 2016)</small>|bidhaa=TTCL [[Broad band]], TTCL [[Mobile phone|Mobile]], [[IP VPN]], Prepaid Services, Postpaid Services, Rafiki Public Phone, [[Leased line|Leased Circuits]], Internet [[Bandwidth (computing)|Bandwidth]], Broadband and Wholesale Administrator|mmiliki=[[Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]]|eneo linalohudumiwa=[[Tanzania]]|jina_la_kampuni=TTCL|hudma=[[Mawasiliano|Huduma za Mawasiliano]]|mapato={{increase}} [[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]93&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013">{{cite news|last1=Majaliwa|title=Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html|accessdate=7 September 2016|agency=AllAfrica}}</ref>|net_income={{increase}} TSh.16&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013" /> }} '''Tanzania Telecommunications Corporation ('''zamani: '''Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited''') mara nyingi huitwa kwa kifupi '''TTCL''', ni kampuni kongwe na kubwa zaidi ya [[mawasiliano]] ya [[simu]] nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kampuni ilianza kufanya kazi kufuatia mgawanyiko wa lililokuwa shirika la serikali lililojulikana kama Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano Tanzania (TP&TC) [[mwaka]] [[1993]]. TTCL ilikuwa inamilikiwa kabisa na [[Serikali]] ya [[Tanzania]] mpaka [[ubinafsishaji]] wa kampuni ulipofanyika [[tarehe]] [[23 Februari]] [[2001]].[[File:OFC splicing.jpg|thumb|Mhandisi akiwa kazini kwenye matengenezo katika kituo cha mitambo cha TTCL, Mtwara Tanzania]] TTCL inaongozwa kwa mujibu wa [[Sheria ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] ya mwaka [[1993]]. Kampuni hii ina leseni ya huduma za msingi za simu kwa [[Tanzania Bara]] na [[Zanzibar (maana)|Zanzibar]] na hivyo inamiliki na kuendesha mtandao wa simu Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar. Kabla ya ujio wa kampuni za simu mwishoni mwa 1994, kampuni ilikuwa ikifurahia ukiritimba Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar, ambapo Zanzibar Telecoms Limited ([[Zantel]]) ilikuwa kampuni ya pili yenye leseni ya msingi ya mawasiliano ya simu. Kampuni imekuwa katika menejimenti kadhaa za pamoja kutokana na kuyumba kwake kifedha hapo awali na imepitia awamu kadhaa za mabadiliko. Imekuwa ikifanya kazi na [[Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd]] kama mchuuzi wa miundombinu ya kampuni na [[Ericsson]] kama msambazaji wa kimkakati wa muda mrefu wa kampuni.<ref>[http://archive.ericsson.net/service/internet/picov/get?DocNo=21331-AE/LZT1237849/PDF&Lang=AE] Tanzania's leading operator TTCL, enters the next generation with an Ericsson 'Learning Solution</ref> == Historia == === Historia ya awali === Historia ya TTCL inaanzia kwa mtoa huduma wa mawasiliano wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Mnamo 1933, iliyokuwa Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki ilishughulikia huduma za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu katika mataifa matatu ya Afrika Mashariki ([[Tanganyika]], [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]]). Mnamo 1951 serikali ya [[Uingereza]] ilibadilisha Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki na kutunga Sheria ya Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu ya Afrika Mashariki mwaka wa 1951 ili kuanzisha Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref>{{Citation|last=Smith|first=Allan B.|title=History of the east African posts and telecommunications administration 1837 to 1967|date=1971|url=http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/26809|language=en|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref> Mwaka 1967, baada ya mataifa hayo matatu kupata uhuru, [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] (EAC) ilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya [[Mamlaka ya Huduma za Pamoja za Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Baadaye, Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu la Afrika Mashariki (EAP&TC) lilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki. Hata hivyo, miaka kumi baadaye, kuvunjika kwa [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] mwaka 1977 kulilazimisha nchi wanachama wa EAC kuanzisha upya biashara zao za kitaifa za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu. Kwa hiyo, mwaka wa 1978 nchini Tanzania shirika la serikali lilianzishwa chini ya jina la Shirika la Posta na Simu Tanzania (TPTC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egov.go.tz/egov_uploads/documents/The_Tanzania_Posts_and_Telecommunications_Corporation_Act,_1_sw.pdf|title=The Tanzania Posts and Telecommunications corporation Act, 1977|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Government of Tanzania|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref> Mwaka wa 1993 serikali ya Tanzania ilipofanya marekebisho makubwa kwenye mashirika ya umma, sekta ya Mawasiliano iliwekwa huru. Hii ilisababisha kugawanyika kwa TPTC; TPTC iligawanyika katika taasisi tatu tofauti, ambazo ni [[Shirika la Posta Tanzania]], Kampuni ya Simu Tanzania (TTCL), na [[Mamlaka ya Mawasiliano Tanzania|Tume ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] (TCC). === Ubinafsishaji === Kutokana na kuongezeka kwa ushindani wa ndani na usimamizi mbovu serikali iliamua kubinafsisha kampuni. Ubinafsishaji wa sehemu ya TTCL ulianza tarehe 23 Februari 2001, ambapo kampuni ya [[Airtel Tanzania|Celtel International]] (iliyokuwa ikiitwa MSI Cellular) yenye makao yake makuu mjini [[Amsterdam]], [[Uholanzi]], pamoja na kampuni ya Kijerumani ya [[Detecon]], zilipata hisa 35% kutoka Serikali ya Tanzania. Muungano huo ulichukua udhibiti wa Bodi na Menejimenti ya TTCL. Kuanzia tarehe 23 Februari 2001 na kuendelea, ulikuwa na kura ya turufu juu ya maamuzi makuu ya Bodi ya Wakurugenzi, haki ya kuteua menejimenti kuu, kuweka mpango wa biashara wa mwaka na kudhibiti maamuzi yote ya matumizi ya mtaji.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2008-01-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519173732/http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|archivedate=19 May 2011|df=dmy-all}} The Regulatory Design Problem Revisited: Tanzania’s Pioneering Position in Africa</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2005, TTCL ilijiondoa katika usimamizi wa pamoja, Serikali ya Tanzania na Celtel International zilitia saini makubaliano ambapo wanahisa walikubali marekebisho ya kampuni hizo mbili na baada ya hapo TTCL na Celtel zikawa kampuni tofauti kabisa kisheria, kifedha na kiuendeshaji.<ref>[http://www.celtel.com/en/news/press-release31/index.html] TTCL and Celtel now separate companies 22 August 2005</ref> === SaskTel === Mwaka 2006, TTCL ilikabiliwa na changamoto kadhaa za fedha na uendeshaji ambazo zilitishia uhai wa muda mrefu wa kampuni. Mnamo Februari 2007, wanahisa waliipa kampuni ya [[Kanada]], [[SaskTel]], kandarasi ya miaka mitatu ya usimamizi ili kuongoza mabadiliko ya teknolojia, kifedha, kiutendaji na kiutamaduni ya TTCL. Mkataba huo ulihitaji timu mpya ya uongozi wa juu kuboresha nafasi ya ushindani ya muda mrefu ya TTCL na kukuza idadi ya wateja wake na vyanzo vya mapato. SaskTel International ilichukua uongozi wa TTCL Julai 2007. Hata hivyo, kutoelewana kati ya SaskTel na wanahisa walio wengi juu ya mpango wa muda mrefu wa ufadhili wa mtaji wa TTCL, uliojadiliwa na SaskTel kusaidia mpango wa ukuaji, ulisababisha tarehe 12 Julai 2009 SaskTel kuwasilisha notisi ya siku 45 ya kusitisha kandarasi na kumaliza mkataba wa usimamizi. Wakati Bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya TTCL iliidhinisha mpango wa ufadhili, wanahisa wengi walikataa kuunga mkono mpango huo na kusababisha timu ya wasimamizi wakuu wa SaskTel kuondoka rasmi kwenye shirika hilo mnamo Septemba 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2009/07/06/sasktel-pulls-out-of-ttcl-deal/|title=SaskTel Pulls Out of TTCL Deal|last=TGC|first=.|date=6 July 2009|publisher=Telegeography.com|accessdate=28 May 2015}}</ref> === Uhamisho wa hisa === Mnamo Septemba 2013 Kampuni Kuu ya Celtel MTC Group ilinunuliwa na [[Zain International BV]] ya Kuwait.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=http://www.zain.com/en/about-us/milestones/|title=Zain – about-us – milestones|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=[[Zain Group]]|accessdate=6 August 2015}}</ref> Pamoja na chapa ya celtel, Zain pia ilipata hisa 35% katika TTCL. Kuanzia makubaliano ya nwaka wa 2005 Celtel na TTCL zilitambuliwa kama vyombo tofauti vya kisheria, kwa hivyo, Zain haikuwa na udhibiti wa moja kwa moja juu ya shughuli za kampuni. Vile vile tarehe 8 Juni 2010, [[Bharti Airtel]] ilifikia makubaliano ya ununuzi wa huduma za simu katika nchi 15 za Afrika kutoka Zain na kurithi hisa za TTCL.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zain-bharti-idUSTRE6570VJ20100608|title=Bharti closes $9&nbsp;billion Zain Africa deal|last2=Goma|first2=Eman|date=8 June 2010|publisher=Reuters|last1=Tripathy|first1=Devidutta|work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=7 September 2014}}</ref> === Kutaifisha === Mnamo Februari 2016, [[Bharti Airtel]] mmiliki wa asilimia 35 ya hisa katika kampuni ya simu ya serikali alikubali kuuza hisa zake kwa serikali kwa 14bn/-.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tanzania’s leading provider of prepaid, postpaid mobile, Internet services & Mobile Money.|url=http://www.airtel.co.tz/|work=Airtel|accessdate=2022-08-19}}</ref> Mzozo kati ya kampuni hiyo na serikali ulidumu kwa miaka mitatu huku kampuni hiyo ikidai pesa zaidi za fidia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UWEKEZAJI: Serikali, Airtel wavutana hisa za TTCL|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/uwekezaji-serikali-airtel-wavutana-hisa-za-ttcl-2768784|work=Mwananchi|date=2021-03-11|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html|title=Tanzania: Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership|access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref> Hata hivyo, mauzo yalihitimishwa tarehe 23 Juni 2016 na kampuni ikarejea kuwa mali ya serikali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/50966-state-in-full-ownership-of-ttcl|title=State in full ownership of TTCL|last=Reporter|first=DAILY NEWS|website=dailynews.co.tz|access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref> == Maswala ya ushirika == === Umiliki === Hivi sasa kampuni hiyo inamilikiwa kwa asilimia zote na Serikali. Mwaka 2001 serikali ya Tanzania iliuza hisa 35% za kampuni na mwaka 2016 ili kulinda kampuni hiyo, ilinunua tena hisa hizo ili kurejesha umiliki wa asilimia 100. Washirika wa mwisho wa kampuni hiyo walikuwa [[Bharti Airtel]] ya [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/home-banner/tanzanian-government-takes-back-35-ttcl-airtel-regain-full-ownership/|title=Tanzanian government takes back 35% of TTCL from Airtel to regain full ownership|date=27 May 2015|language=en-US|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Airtel Waijibu Serikali Kuhusu Sakata la Ubinafsishaji wa TTCL - Global Publishers|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/airtel-waijibu-serikali-kuhusu-sakata-la-ubinafsishaji-wa-ttcl/|work=globalpublishers.co.tz|accessdate=2022-08-17}}</ref> === Mwenendo wa biashara === Hadi kufikia Machi 2016 TTCL ilikuwa na wateja wachache kuliko watoa huduma wengine sita wa simu za mkononi nchini. TTCL ina jumla ya wateja 305,000 ambapo asilimia 45 ni watumiaji wa simu za mezani. Katika soko la simu za mezani, TTCL inakaribia kuwa na ukiritimba na inashughulikia zaidi ya asilimia 99 ya wateja.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/CommStatMarch16.pdf|title=March 2016 communication statistics|last=|first=|date=March 2016|website=tcra.co.tz|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> <center> {| class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background: #1268B3;" | ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2010</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2011</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2012</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2013</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2014</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2015</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2016</span> |- | Mauzo ([[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |80 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |93 | align="center" |96 | align="center" |104 | align="center" |119 |- | Mauzo ([[US Dollar|US$]]&nbsp;million)* | align="center" |57.5 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |55.1 | align="center" |57.7 | align="center" |49.5 | align="center" |54.5 |- | Faida/hasara (TSh.&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |{{color|red|-28}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |{{color|red|-16}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | |- |Wateja | align="center" |252,813 | align="center" |226,153 | align="center" |227,424 | align="center" |209,111 | align="center" |288,136 | align="center" |303,186 | |- | <small>''Vidokezo/vyanzo''</small> | align="center" |<ref>Majaliwa. "[https://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership]". AllAfrica. Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-08-17.</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune11.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2011|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune12.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2012|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune13.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2013|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune14.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2014|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/We-re-in-good-shape-to-issue-dividend-to-govt--says-TTCL/1840340-4331630-154mn8uz/index.html|title=We're in good shape to issue dividend to govt, says TTCL|date=2018-03-07|work=The Citizen|access-date=2018-03-07|language=en}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune15.pdf|title=TCRA statistics 2015|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> | align="center" |<ref name=":2" /> |} </center> === Makao Makuu === Kampuni hii ina makao yake makuu na kituo cha huduma kwa wateja katika Jengo la Extelecom lililopo [[Barabara ya Samora]], mashariki mwa [[Kisutu]], kusini mashariki mwa [[Dar es Salaam]]. Shirika la Mawasiliano Tanzania (TTCL) pia linasimamia na kuendesha ofisi na idara za uhandisi katika mikoa na miji mikuu yote nchini. ==Angalia pia== #[[Vodacom Tanzania]] #[[Airtel Tanzania]] #[[MIC Tanzania Limited (tiGO)]] # [[Vodacom]] # [[3G| Teknolojia ya 3G]] #[[Celtel| Celtel International ]] #[[EASSy|Eastern Africa Submarine Cable System]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Mashirika ya serikali ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu zilizoanzishwa mnamo 1993]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za simu za mkononi Tanzania]] kgsvmwtrp9i559dnrxz34ja5y49721g 1243542 1243540 2022-08-19T13:30:39Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Kampuni | homepage = {{URL|http://www.ttcl.co.tz/|Tovuti ya TTCL}} |jina=Tanzania Telecommunications<br>Corporation|nembo=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|nembo_ya_kampuni=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|ilipoanzishwa=1993 (ilianza kazi tarehe 1 Januari 1994)|watu wakuu=Waziri Kindamba, [[Mkurugenzi]]|nchi=[[Tanzania]]|mahali=|mji=Extelecoms House, Samora Avenue, Kisutu, [[Dar es Salaam]]|wafanyakazi=1,600 <small>(Feb 2016)</small>|bidhaa=TTCL [[Broad band]], TTCL [[Mobile phone|Mobile]], [[IP VPN]], Prepaid Services, Postpaid Services, Rafiki Public Phone, [[Leased line|Leased Circuits]], Internet [[Bandwidth (computing)|Bandwidth]], Broadband and Wholesale Administrator|mmiliki=[[Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]]|eneo linalohudumiwa=[[Tanzania]]|jina_la_kampuni=TTCL|hudma=[[Mawasiliano|Huduma za Mawasiliano]]|mapato={{increase}} [[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]93&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013">{{cite news|last1=Majaliwa|title=Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html|accessdate=7 September 2016|agency=AllAfrica}}</ref>|net_income={{increase}} TSh.16&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013" /> }} '''Tanzania Telecommunications Corporation ('''zamani: '''Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited''') mara nyingi huitwa kwa kifupi '''TTCL''', ni kampuni kongwe na kubwa zaidi ya [[mawasiliano]] ya [[simu]] nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kampuni ilianza kufanya kazi kufuatia mgawanyiko wa lililokuwa shirika la serikali lililojulikana kama Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano Tanzania (TP&TC) [[mwaka]] [[1993]]. TTCL ilikuwa inamilikiwa kabisa na [[Serikali]] ya [[Tanzania]] mpaka [[ubinafsishaji]] wa kampuni ulipofanyika [[tarehe]] [[23 Februari]] [[2001]].[[File:OFC splicing.jpg|thumb|Mhandisi akiwa kazini kwenye matengenezo katika kituo cha mitambo cha TTCL, Mtwara Tanzania]] TTCL inaongozwa kwa mujibu wa [[Sheria ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] ya mwaka [[1993]]. Kampuni hii ina leseni ya huduma za msingi za simu kwa [[Tanzania Bara]] na [[Zanzibar (maana)|Zanzibar]] na hivyo inamiliki na kuendesha mtandao wa simu Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar. Kabla ya ujio wa kampuni za simu mwishoni mwa 1994, kampuni ilikuwa ikifurahia ukiritimba Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar, ambapo Zanzibar Telecoms Limited ([[Zantel]]) ilikuwa kampuni ya pili yenye leseni ya msingi ya mawasiliano ya simu. Kampuni imekuwa katika menejimenti kadhaa za pamoja kutokana na kuyumba kwake kifedha hapo awali na imepitia awamu kadhaa za mabadiliko. Imekuwa ikifanya kazi na [[Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd]] kama mchuuzi wa miundombinu ya kampuni na [[Ericsson]] kama msambazaji wa kimkakati wa muda mrefu wa kampuni.<ref>[http://archive.ericsson.net/service/internet/picov/get?DocNo=21331-AE/LZT1237849/PDF&Lang=AE] Tanzania's leading operator TTCL, enters the next generation with an Ericsson 'Learning Solution</ref> == Historia == === Historia ya awali === Historia ya TTCL inaanzia kwa mtoa huduma wa mawasiliano wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Mnamo 1933, iliyokuwa Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki ilishughulikia huduma za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu katika mataifa matatu ya Afrika Mashariki ([[Tanganyika]], [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]]). Mnamo 1951 serikali ya [[Uingereza]] ilibadilisha Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki na kutunga Sheria ya Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu ya Afrika Mashariki mwaka wa 1951 ili kuanzisha Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref>{{Citation|last=Smith|first=Allan B.|title=History of the east African posts and telecommunications administration 1837 to 1967|date=1971|url=http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/26809|language=en|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref> Mwaka 1967, baada ya mataifa hayo matatu kupata uhuru, [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] (EAC) ilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya [[Mamlaka ya Huduma za Pamoja za Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Baadaye, Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu la Afrika Mashariki (EAP&TC) lilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki. Hata hivyo, miaka kumi baadaye, kuvunjika kwa [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] mwaka 1977 kulilazimisha nchi wanachama wa EAC kuanzisha upya biashara zao za kitaifa za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu. Kwa hiyo, mwaka wa 1978 nchini Tanzania shirika la serikali lilianzishwa chini ya jina la Shirika la Posta na Simu Tanzania (TPTC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egov.go.tz/egov_uploads/documents/The_Tanzania_Posts_and_Telecommunications_Corporation_Act,_1_sw.pdf|title=The Tanzania Posts and Telecommunications corporation Act, 1977|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Government of Tanzania|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref> Mwaka wa 1993 serikali ya Tanzania ilipofanya marekebisho makubwa kwenye mashirika ya umma, sekta ya Mawasiliano iliwekwa huru. Hii ilisababisha kugawanyika kwa TPTC; TPTC iligawanyika katika taasisi tatu tofauti, ambazo ni [[Shirika la Posta Tanzania]], Kampuni ya Simu Tanzania (TTCL), na [[Mamlaka ya Mawasiliano Tanzania|Tume ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] (TCC). === Ubinafsishaji === Kutokana na kuongezeka kwa ushindani wa ndani na usimamizi mbovu serikali iliamua kubinafsisha kampuni. Ubinafsishaji wa sehemu ya TTCL ulianza tarehe 23 Februari 2001, ambapo kampuni ya [[Airtel Tanzania|Celtel International]] (iliyokuwa ikiitwa MSI Cellular) yenye makao yake makuu mjini [[Amsterdam]], [[Uholanzi]], pamoja na kampuni ya Kijerumani ya [[Detecon]], zilipata hisa 35% kutoka Serikali ya Tanzania. Muungano huo ulichukua udhibiti wa Bodi na Menejimenti ya TTCL. Kuanzia tarehe 23 Februari 2001 na kuendelea, ulikuwa na kura ya turufu juu ya maamuzi makuu ya Bodi ya Wakurugenzi, haki ya kuteua menejimenti kuu, kuweka mpango wa biashara wa mwaka na kudhibiti maamuzi yote ya matumizi ya mtaji.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2008-01-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519173732/http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|archivedate=19 May 2011|df=dmy-all}} The Regulatory Design Problem Revisited: Tanzania’s Pioneering Position in Africa</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2005, TTCL ilijiondoa katika usimamizi wa pamoja, Serikali ya Tanzania na Celtel International zilitia saini makubaliano ambapo wanahisa walikubali marekebisho ya kampuni hizo mbili na baada ya hapo TTCL na Celtel zikawa kampuni tofauti kabisa kisheria, kifedha na kiuendeshaji.<ref>[http://www.celtel.com/en/news/press-release31/index.html] TTCL and Celtel now separate companies 22 August 2005</ref> === SaskTel === Mwaka 2006, TTCL ilikabiliwa na changamoto kadhaa za fedha na uendeshaji ambazo zilitishia uhai wa muda mrefu wa kampuni. Mnamo Februari 2007, wanahisa waliipa kampuni ya [[Kanada]], [[SaskTel]], kandarasi ya miaka mitatu ya usimamizi ili kuongoza mabadiliko ya teknolojia, kifedha, kiutendaji na kiutamaduni ya TTCL. Mkataba huo ulihitaji timu mpya ya uongozi wa juu kuboresha nafasi ya ushindani ya muda mrefu ya TTCL na kukuza idadi ya wateja wake na vyanzo vya mapato. SaskTel International ilichukua uongozi wa TTCL Julai 2007. Hata hivyo, kutoelewana kati ya SaskTel na wanahisa walio wengi juu ya mpango wa muda mrefu wa ufadhili wa mtaji wa TTCL, uliojadiliwa na SaskTel kusaidia mpango wa ukuaji, ulisababisha tarehe 12 Julai 2009 SaskTel kuwasilisha notisi ya siku 45 ya kusitisha kandarasi na kumaliza mkataba wa usimamizi. Wakati Bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya TTCL iliidhinisha mpango wa ufadhili, wanahisa wengi walikataa kuunga mkono mpango huo na kusababisha timu ya wasimamizi wakuu wa SaskTel kuondoka rasmi kwenye shirika hilo mnamo Septemba 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2009/07/06/sasktel-pulls-out-of-ttcl-deal/|title=SaskTel Pulls Out of TTCL Deal|last=TGC|first=.|date=6 July 2009|publisher=Telegeography.com|accessdate=28 May 2015}}</ref> === Uhamisho wa hisa === Mnamo Septemba 2013 Kampuni Kuu ya Celtel MTC Group ilinunuliwa na [[Zain International BV]] ya Kuwait.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=http://www.zain.com/en/about-us/milestones/|title=Zain – about-us – milestones|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=[[Zain Group]]|accessdate=6 August 2015}}</ref> Pamoja na chapa ya celtel, Zain pia ilipata hisa 35% katika TTCL. Kuanzia makubaliano ya nwaka wa 2005 Celtel na TTCL zilitambuliwa kama vyombo tofauti vya kisheria, kwa hivyo, Zain haikuwa na udhibiti wa moja kwa moja juu ya shughuli za kampuni. Vile vile tarehe 8 Juni 2010, [[Bharti Airtel]] ilifikia makubaliano ya ununuzi wa huduma za simu katika nchi 15 za Afrika kutoka Zain na kurithi hisa za TTCL.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zain-bharti-idUSTRE6570VJ20100608|title=Bharti closes $9&nbsp;billion Zain Africa deal|last2=Goma|first2=Eman|date=8 June 2010|publisher=Reuters|last1=Tripathy|first1=Devidutta|work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=7 September 2014}}</ref> === Kutaifisha === Mnamo Februari 2016, [[Bharti Airtel]] mmiliki wa asilimia 35 ya hisa katika kampuni ya simu ya serikali alikubali kuuza hisa zake kwa serikali kwa 14bn/-.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tanzania’s leading provider of prepaid, postpaid mobile, Internet services & Mobile Money.|url=http://www.airtel.co.tz/|work=Airtel|accessdate=2022-08-19}}</ref> Mzozo kati ya kampuni hiyo na serikali ulidumu kwa miaka mitatu huku kampuni hiyo ikidai pesa zaidi za fidia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UWEKEZAJI: Serikali, Airtel wavutana hisa za TTCL|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/uwekezaji-serikali-airtel-wavutana-hisa-za-ttcl-2768784|work=Mwananchi|date=2021-03-11|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html|title=Tanzania: Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership|access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref> Hata hivyo, mauzo yalihitimishwa tarehe 23 Juni 2016 na kampuni ikarejea kuwa mali ya serikali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/50966-state-in-full-ownership-of-ttcl|title=State in full ownership of TTCL|last=Reporter|first=DAILY NEWS|website=dailynews.co.tz|access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref> == Maswala ya ushirika == [[File:TTCL_Downtown_Posta_Dar_Es_Salaam.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TTCL_Downtown_Posta_Dar_Es_Salaam.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Makao Makuu ya TTCL katika Jengo la Extelecom lililopo Samora Avenue, mashariki mwa Kisutu.]] === Umiliki === Hivi sasa kampuni hiyo inamilikiwa kwa asilimia zote na Serikali. Mwaka 2001 serikali ya Tanzania iliuza hisa 35% za kampuni na mwaka 2016 ili kulinda kampuni hiyo, ilinunua tena hisa hizo ili kurejesha umiliki wa asilimia 100. Washirika wa mwisho wa kampuni hiyo walikuwa [[Bharti Airtel]] ya [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/home-banner/tanzanian-government-takes-back-35-ttcl-airtel-regain-full-ownership/|title=Tanzanian government takes back 35% of TTCL from Airtel to regain full ownership|date=27 May 2015|language=en-US|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Airtel Waijibu Serikali Kuhusu Sakata la Ubinafsishaji wa TTCL - Global Publishers|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/airtel-waijibu-serikali-kuhusu-sakata-la-ubinafsishaji-wa-ttcl/|work=globalpublishers.co.tz|accessdate=2022-08-17}}</ref> === Mwenendo wa biashara === Hadi kufikia Machi 2016 TTCL ilikuwa na wateja wachache kuliko watoa huduma wengine sita wa simu za mkononi nchini. TTCL ina jumla ya wateja 305,000 ambapo asilimia 45 ni watumiaji wa simu za mezani. Katika soko la simu za mezani, TTCL inakaribia kuwa na ukiritimba na inashughulikia zaidi ya asilimia 99 ya wateja.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/CommStatMarch16.pdf|title=March 2016 communication statistics|last=|first=|date=March 2016|website=tcra.co.tz|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> <center> {| class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background: #1268B3;" | ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2010</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2011</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2012</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2013</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2014</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2015</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2016</span> |- | Mauzo ([[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |80 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |93 | align="center" |96 | align="center" |104 | align="center" |119 |- | Mauzo ([[US Dollar|US$]]&nbsp;million)* | align="center" |57.5 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |55.1 | align="center" |57.7 | align="center" |49.5 | align="center" |54.5 |- | Faida/hasara (TSh.&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |{{color|red|-28}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |{{color|red|-16}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | |- |Wateja | align="center" |252,813 | align="center" |226,153 | align="center" |227,424 | align="center" |209,111 | align="center" |288,136 | align="center" |303,186 | |- | <small>''Vidokezo/vyanzo''</small> | align="center" |<ref>Majaliwa. "[https://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership]". AllAfrica. Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-08-17.</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune11.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2011|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune12.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2012|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune13.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2013|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune14.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2014|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/We-re-in-good-shape-to-issue-dividend-to-govt--says-TTCL/1840340-4331630-154mn8uz/index.html|title=We're in good shape to issue dividend to govt, says TTCL|date=2018-03-07|work=The Citizen|access-date=2018-03-07|language=en}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune15.pdf|title=TCRA statistics 2015|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> | align="center" |<ref name=":2" /> |} </center> === Makao Makuu === Kampuni hii ina makao yake makuu na kituo cha huduma kwa wateja katika Jengo la Extelecom lililopo [[Barabara ya Samora]], mashariki mwa [[Kisutu]], kusini mashariki mwa [[Dar es Salaam]]. Shirika la Mawasiliano Tanzania (TTCL) pia linasimamia na kuendesha ofisi na idara za uhandisi katika mikoa na miji mikuu yote nchini. ==Angalia pia== #[[Vodacom Tanzania]] #[[Airtel Tanzania]] #[[MIC Tanzania Limited (tiGO)]] # [[Vodacom]] # [[3G| Teknolojia ya 3G]] #[[Celtel| Celtel International ]] #[[EASSy|Eastern Africa Submarine Cable System]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Mashirika ya serikali ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu zilizoanzishwa mnamo 1993]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za simu za mkononi Tanzania]] 16ud6h179miksddc3x5is9i1payj3r1 1243543 1243542 2022-08-19T13:32:05Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Kampuni | homepage = {{URL|http://www.ttcl.co.tz/|Tovuti ya TTCL}} |jina=Tanzania Telecommunications<br>Corporation|nembo=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|nembo_ya_kampuni=Tanzania_Telecommunications_Company_Limited_generation_T_logo.png|ilipoanzishwa=1993 (ilianza kazi tarehe 1 Januari 1994)|watu wakuu=Waziri Kindamba, [[Mkurugenzi]]|nchi=[[Tanzania]]|mahali=|mji=Extelecoms House, Samora Avenue, Kisutu, [[Dar es Salaam]]|wafanyakazi=1,600 <small>(Feb 2016)</small>|bidhaa=TTCL [[Broad band]], TTCL [[Mobile phone|Mobile]], [[IP VPN]], Prepaid Services, Postpaid Services, Rafiki Public Phone, [[Leased line|Leased Circuits]], Internet [[Bandwidth (computing)|Bandwidth]], Broadband and Wholesale Administrator|mmiliki=[[Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]]|eneo linalohudumiwa=[[Tanzania]]|jina_la_kampuni=TTCL|hudma=[[Mawasiliano|Huduma za Mawasiliano]]|mapato={{increase}} [[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]93&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013">{{cite news|last1=Majaliwa|title=Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html|accessdate=7 September 2016|agency=AllAfrica}}</ref>|net_income={{increase}} TSh.16&nbsp;billion/= <small>(2013)</small><ref name="fin2013" /> }} '''Tanzania Telecommunications Corporation ('''zamani: '''Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited''') mara nyingi huitwa kwa kifupi '''TTCL''', ni kampuni kongwe na kubwa zaidi ya [[mawasiliano]] ya [[simu]] nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kampuni ilianza kufanya kazi kufuatia mgawanyiko wa lililokuwa shirika la serikali lililojulikana kama Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano Tanzania (TP&TC) [[mwaka]] [[1993]]. TTCL ilikuwa inamilikiwa kabisa na [[Serikali]] ya [[Tanzania]] mpaka [[ubinafsishaji]] wa kampuni ulipofanyika [[tarehe]] [[23 Februari]] [[2001]].[[File:OFC splicing.jpg|thumb|Mhandisi akiwa kazini kwenye matengenezo katika kituo cha mitambo cha TTCL, Mtwara Tanzania]] TTCL inaongozwa kwa mujibu wa [[Sheria ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] ya mwaka [[1993]]. Kampuni hii ina leseni ya huduma za msingi za simu kwa [[Tanzania Bara]] na [[Zanzibar (maana)|Zanzibar]] na hivyo inamiliki na kuendesha mtandao wa simu Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar. Kabla ya ujio wa kampuni za simu mwishoni mwa 1994, kampuni ilikuwa ikifurahia ukiritimba Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar, ambapo Zanzibar Telecoms Limited ([[Zantel]]) ilikuwa kampuni ya pili yenye leseni ya msingi ya mawasiliano ya simu. Kampuni imekuwa katika menejimenti kadhaa za pamoja kutokana na kuyumba kwake kifedha hapo awali na imepitia awamu kadhaa za mabadiliko. Imekuwa ikifanya kazi na [[Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd]] kama mchuuzi wa miundombinu ya kampuni na [[Ericsson]] kama msambazaji wa kimkakati wa muda mrefu wa kampuni.<ref>[http://archive.ericsson.net/service/internet/picov/get?DocNo=21331-AE/LZT1237849/PDF&Lang=AE] Tanzania's leading operator TTCL, enters the next generation with an Ericsson 'Learning Solution</ref> == Historia == === Historia ya awali === Historia ya TTCL inaanzia kwa mtoa huduma wa mawasiliano wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Mnamo 1933, iliyokuwa Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki ilishughulikia huduma za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu katika mataifa matatu ya Afrika Mashariki ([[Tanganyika]], [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]]). Mnamo 1951 serikali ya [[Uingereza]] ilibadilisha Kampuni ya Posta na Telegrafu ya Afrika Mashariki na kutunga Sheria ya Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu ya Afrika Mashariki mwaka wa 1951 ili kuanzisha Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref>{{Citation|last=Smith|first=Allan B.|title=History of the east African posts and telecommunications administration 1837 to 1967|date=1971|url=http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/26809|language=en|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref> Mwaka 1967, baada ya mataifa hayo matatu kupata uhuru, [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] (EAC) ilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya [[Mamlaka ya Huduma za Pamoja za Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Baadaye, Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu la Afrika Mashariki (EAP&TC) lilianzishwa na kuchukua nafasi ya Utawala wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu wa Afrika Mashariki. Hata hivyo, miaka kumi baadaye, kuvunjika kwa [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] mwaka 1977 kulilazimisha nchi wanachama wa EAC kuanzisha upya biashara zao za kitaifa za Posta, Telegrafu na Simu. Kwa hiyo, mwaka wa 1978 nchini Tanzania shirika la serikali lilianzishwa chini ya jina la Shirika la Posta na Simu Tanzania (TPTC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egov.go.tz/egov_uploads/documents/The_Tanzania_Posts_and_Telecommunications_Corporation_Act,_1_sw.pdf|title=The Tanzania Posts and Telecommunications corporation Act, 1977|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Government of Tanzania|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref> Mwaka wa 1993 serikali ya Tanzania ilipofanya marekebisho makubwa kwenye mashirika ya umma, sekta ya Mawasiliano iliwekwa huru. Hii ilisababisha kugawanyika kwa TPTC; TPTC iligawanyika katika taasisi tatu tofauti, ambazo ni [[Shirika la Posta Tanzania]], Kampuni ya Simu Tanzania (TTCL), na [[Mamlaka ya Mawasiliano Tanzania|Tume ya Mawasiliano Tanzania]] (TCC). === Ubinafsishaji === Kutokana na kuongezeka kwa ushindani wa ndani na usimamizi mbovu serikali iliamua kubinafsisha kampuni. Ubinafsishaji wa sehemu ya TTCL ulianza tarehe 23 Februari 2001, ambapo kampuni ya [[Airtel Tanzania|Celtel International]] (iliyokuwa ikiitwa MSI Cellular) yenye makao yake makuu mjini [[Amsterdam]], [[Uholanzi]], pamoja na kampuni ya Kijerumani ya [[Detecon]], zilipata hisa 35% kutoka Serikali ya Tanzania. Muungano huo ulichukua udhibiti wa Bodi na Menejimenti ya TTCL. Kuanzia tarehe 23 Februari 2001 na kuendelea, ulikuwa na kura ya turufu juu ya maamuzi makuu ya Bodi ya Wakurugenzi, haki ya kuteua menejimenti kuu, kuweka mpango wa biashara wa mwaka na kudhibiti maamuzi yote ya matumizi ya mtaji.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2008-01-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519173732/http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2007/711/VanGorpMaitland_TPRC07_TZ.pdf|archivedate=19 May 2011|df=dmy-all}} The Regulatory Design Problem Revisited: Tanzania’s Pioneering Position in Africa</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2005, TTCL ilijiondoa katika usimamizi wa pamoja, Serikali ya Tanzania na Celtel International zilitia saini makubaliano ambapo wanahisa walikubali marekebisho ya kampuni hizo mbili na baada ya hapo TTCL na Celtel zikawa kampuni tofauti kabisa kisheria, kifedha na kiuendeshaji.<ref>[http://www.celtel.com/en/news/press-release31/index.html] TTCL and Celtel now separate companies 22 August 2005</ref> === SaskTel === Mwaka 2006, TTCL ilikabiliwa na changamoto kadhaa za fedha na uendeshaji ambazo zilitishia uhai wa muda mrefu wa kampuni. Mnamo Februari 2007, wanahisa waliipa kampuni ya [[Kanada]], [[SaskTel]], kandarasi ya miaka mitatu ya usimamizi ili kuongoza mabadiliko ya teknolojia, kifedha, kiutendaji na kiutamaduni ya TTCL. Mkataba huo ulihitaji timu mpya ya uongozi wa juu kuboresha nafasi ya ushindani ya muda mrefu ya TTCL na kukuza idadi ya wateja wake na vyanzo vya mapato. SaskTel International ilichukua uongozi wa TTCL Julai 2007. Hata hivyo, kutoelewana kati ya SaskTel na wanahisa walio wengi juu ya mpango wa muda mrefu wa ufadhili wa mtaji wa TTCL, uliojadiliwa na SaskTel kusaidia mpango wa ukuaji, ulisababisha tarehe 12 Julai 2009 SaskTel kuwasilisha notisi ya siku 45 ya kusitisha kandarasi na kumaliza mkataba wa usimamizi. Wakati Bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya TTCL iliidhinisha mpango wa ufadhili, wanahisa wengi walikataa kuunga mkono mpango huo na kusababisha timu ya wasimamizi wakuu wa SaskTel kuondoka rasmi kwenye shirika hilo mnamo Septemba 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2009/07/06/sasktel-pulls-out-of-ttcl-deal/|title=SaskTel Pulls Out of TTCL Deal|last=TGC|first=.|date=6 July 2009|publisher=Telegeography.com|accessdate=28 May 2015}}</ref> === Uhamisho wa hisa === Mnamo Septemba 2013 Kampuni Kuu ya Celtel MTC Group ilinunuliwa na [[Zain International BV]] ya Kuwait.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=http://www.zain.com/en/about-us/milestones/|title=Zain – about-us – milestones|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=[[Zain Group]]|accessdate=6 August 2015}}</ref> Pamoja na chapa ya celtel, Zain pia ilipata hisa 35% katika TTCL. Kuanzia makubaliano ya nwaka wa 2005 Celtel na TTCL zilitambuliwa kama vyombo tofauti vya kisheria, kwa hivyo, Zain haikuwa na udhibiti wa moja kwa moja juu ya shughuli za kampuni. Vile vile tarehe 8 Juni 2010, [[Bharti Airtel]] ilifikia makubaliano ya ununuzi wa huduma za simu katika nchi 15 za Afrika kutoka Zain na kurithi hisa za TTCL.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zain-bharti-idUSTRE6570VJ20100608|title=Bharti closes $9&nbsp;billion Zain Africa deal|last2=Goma|first2=Eman|date=8 June 2010|publisher=Reuters|last1=Tripathy|first1=Devidutta|work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=7 September 2014}}</ref> === Kutaifisha === Mnamo Februari 2016, [[Bharti Airtel]] mmiliki wa asilimia 35 ya hisa katika kampuni ya simu ya serikali alikubali kuuza hisa zake kwa serikali kwa 14bn/-.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tanzania’s leading provider of prepaid, postpaid mobile, Internet services & Mobile Money.|url=http://www.airtel.co.tz/|work=Airtel|accessdate=2022-08-19}}</ref> Mzozo kati ya kampuni hiyo na serikali ulidumu kwa miaka mitatu huku kampuni hiyo ikidai pesa zaidi za fidia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UWEKEZAJI: Serikali, Airtel wavutana hisa za TTCL|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/uwekezaji-serikali-airtel-wavutana-hisa-za-ttcl-2768784|work=Mwananchi|date=2021-03-11|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html|title=Tanzania: Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership|access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref> Hata hivyo, mauzo yalihitimishwa tarehe 23 Juni 2016 na kampuni ikarejea kuwa mali ya serikali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/50966-state-in-full-ownership-of-ttcl|title=State in full ownership of TTCL|last=Reporter|first=DAILY NEWS|website=dailynews.co.tz|access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref> == Maswala ya ushirika == === Umiliki === Hivi sasa kampuni hiyo inamilikiwa kwa asilimia zote na Serikali. Mwaka 2001 serikali ya Tanzania iliuza hisa 35% za kampuni na mwaka 2016 ili kulinda kampuni hiyo, ilinunua tena hisa hizo ili kurejesha umiliki wa asilimia 100. Washirika wa mwisho wa kampuni hiyo walikuwa [[Bharti Airtel]] ya [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/home-banner/tanzanian-government-takes-back-35-ttcl-airtel-regain-full-ownership/|title=Tanzanian government takes back 35% of TTCL from Airtel to regain full ownership|date=27 May 2015|language=en-US|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Airtel Waijibu Serikali Kuhusu Sakata la Ubinafsishaji wa TTCL - Global Publishers|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/airtel-waijibu-serikali-kuhusu-sakata-la-ubinafsishaji-wa-ttcl/|work=globalpublishers.co.tz|accessdate=2022-08-17}}</ref> === Mwenendo wa biashara === Hadi kufikia Machi 2016 TTCL ilikuwa na wateja wachache kuliko watoa huduma wengine sita wa simu za mkononi nchini. TTCL ina jumla ya wateja 305,000 ambapo asilimia 45 ni watumiaji wa simu za mezani. Katika soko la simu za mezani, TTCL inakaribia kuwa na ukiritimba na inashughulikia zaidi ya asilimia 99 ya wateja.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/CommStatMarch16.pdf|title=March 2016 communication statistics|last=|first=|date=March 2016|website=tcra.co.tz|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> <center> {| class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background: #1268B3;" | ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2010</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2011</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2012</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2013</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2014</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2015</span> ! style="background: #1268B3;" | <span style="color:white;">2016</span> |- | Mauzo ([[Tanzanian shilling|TSh.]]&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |80 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |93 | align="center" |96 | align="center" |104 | align="center" |119 |- | Mauzo ([[US Dollar|US$]]&nbsp;million)* | align="center" |57.5 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |55.1 | align="center" |57.7 | align="center" |49.5 | align="center" |54.5 |- | Faida/hasara (TSh.&nbsp;billion/=) | align="center" |{{color|red|-28}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |{{color|red|-16}} | align="center" | | align="center" | | |- |Wateja | align="center" |252,813 | align="center" |226,153 | align="center" |227,424 | align="center" |209,111 | align="center" |288,136 | align="center" |303,186 | |- | <small>''Vidokezo/vyanzo''</small> | align="center" |<ref>Majaliwa. "[https://allafrica.com/stories/201502020130.html Govt Reclaims 100 Percent Shares in TTCL Ownership]". AllAfrica. Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-08-17.</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune11.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2011|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune12.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2012|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telecomStatsJune13.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2013|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune14.pdf|title=TCRA Statistics 2014|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/We-re-in-good-shape-to-issue-dividend-to-govt--says-TTCL/1840340-4331630-154mn8uz/index.html|title=We're in good shape to issue dividend to govt, says TTCL|date=2018-03-07|work=The Citizen|access-date=2018-03-07|language=en}}</ref> | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/telecommunication/telcomStatsJune15.pdf|title=TCRA statistics 2015|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> | align="center" |<ref name=":2" /> |} </center> === Makao Makuu === Kampuni hii ina makao yake makuu na kituo cha huduma kwa wateja katika Jengo la Extelecom lililopo [[Barabara ya Samora]], mashariki mwa [[Kisutu]], kusini mashariki mwa [[Dar es Salaam]]. Shirika la Mawasiliano Tanzania (TTCL) pia linasimamia na kuendesha ofisi na idara za uhandisi katika mikoa na miji mikuu yote nchini. ==Angalia pia== #[[Vodacom Tanzania]] #[[Airtel Tanzania]] #[[MIC Tanzania Limited (tiGO)]] # [[Vodacom]] # [[3G| Teknolojia ya 3G]] #[[Celtel| Celtel International ]] #[[EASSy|Eastern Africa Submarine Cable System]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Mashirika ya serikali ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za mawasiliano ya simu zilizoanzishwa mnamo 1993]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za simu za mkononi Tanzania]] 1bghhi213do3hiyv71szaosgkdkwl5g 0 107456 1243576 1213592 2022-08-20T08:22:47Z 197.186.9.155 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jennifer Mgendi''' (alizaliwa katika [[hospitali]] ya Ocean Road [[jiji|jijini]] [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanzania]], [[2 Mei]] [[1972]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[nyimbo]] za [[injili]] na pia ni [[mwigizaji]]<ref>http://rumaafrica.blogspot.com/2016/04/historia-fupi-ya-maisha-ya-jennifer.html</ref>. [[Baba]] yake anaitwa Fanuel Mgendi na mama yake anaitwa Mwendapelu Nalaila. Pia ana ndugu zake wa damu watatu ambao ni Mao Mgendi, Mlenge Mgendi na Noel Mgendi. Amefunga ndoa na Dr.Job Chaula [[mwaka]] [[1998]] na wamebarikiwa kupata watoto watatu ambao ni Jotham job,jefta job na joan job na pia na ndugu yao christine mtoi ==Elimu yake== Alianza elimu yake ya msingi katika shule ya msingi Mgulani,baada hapo aliendelea na masomo ya sekondari katika shule ya wasichana ya Kisutu.Pia amepata elimu yake ya juu katika chuo cha ualimu cha Korogwe na chuo kikuu cha Dar es salaam (UDSM). ==Kazi Zake== Baadhi ya kazi alizowahi kufanya katika tasnia ya uigizaji na uimbaji ni pamoja na: *1.NINI-1995 *2.UKARIMU WAKE-2000 *3.NIKIONA FAHARI-2001 *4.YESU NAKUPENDA-2004 *5.MCHIMBA MASHIMO-2006 *6.KIU YA NAFSI-2009 *7.HONGERA YESU-2013 *8.PIGO LA FARAJA *9.TEKE LA MAMA *10.CHAI MOTO ==Marejeo== {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]] {{BD|1972|}} [[Jamii:Watunzi wa Filamu Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wiki Loves Women Tanzania]] g3lukqc2zb9cupwvan5q9xli2tt44hy 1243578 1243576 2022-08-20T08:31:55Z 197.186.7.79 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jennifer Mgendi''' (alizaliwa katika [[hospitali]] ya Ocean Road [[jiji|jijini]] [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanzania]], [[2 Mei]] [[1972]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[nyimbo]] za [[injili]] na pia ni [[mwigizaji]]<ref>http://rumaafrica.blogspot.com/2016/04/historia-fupi-ya-maisha-ya-jennifer.html</ref>. [[Baba]] yake anaitwa Fanuel Mgendi na mama yake anaitwa Mwendapelu Nalaila. Pia ana ndugu zake wa damu watatu ambao ni Mao Mgendi, Mlenge Mgendi na Noel Mgendi. Amefunga ndoa na Dr.Job Chaula [[mwaka]] [[1998]] na wamebarikiwa kupata watoto watatu ambao ni Jotham job,jefta job na joan job. ==Elimu yake== Alianza elimu yake ya msingi katika shule ya msingi Mgulani,baada hapo aliendelea na masomo ya sekondari katika shule ya wasichana ya Kisutu.Pia amepata elimu yake ya juu katika chuo cha ualimu cha Korogwe na chuo kikuu cha Dar es salaam (UDSM). ==Kazi Zake== Baadhi ya kazi alizowahi kufanya katika tasnia ya uigizaji na uimbaji ni pamoja na: *1.NINI-1995 *2.UKARIMU WAKE-2000 *3.NIKIONA FAHARI-2001 *4.YESU NAKUPENDA-2004 *5.MCHIMBA MASHIMO-2006 *6.KIU YA NAFSI-2009 *7.HONGERA YESU-2013 *8.PIGO LA FARAJA *9.TEKE LA MAMA *10.CHAI MOTO ==Marejeo== {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]] {{BD|1972|}} [[Jamii:Watunzi wa Filamu Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wiki Loves Women Tanzania]] qynlvioav5vwexjblewbuljwumhy0mi 3 119566 1243573 1235701 2022-08-20T08:05:04Z Kipala 107 /* Salamu ya "Karibu" */ mjadala mpya wikitext text/x-wiki Ndugu, hakuna haja ya kuunga kurasa zetu na List of 3,800 rivers of Kenya kwa sababu hiyo imechukuliwa moja kwa moja kutoka Orodha ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili: [[Mito ya Kenya]]. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:49, 14 Februari 2020 (UTC) :Ndugu, naomba uamue wewe nani apewe tuzo kwa makala za jana. Asante na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:20, 17 Februari 2020 (UTC) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ==Tangazo== Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>Mimi ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation HAPA]<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuainisha vitu vya msingi vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) wa Wikipedia na pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana kwenye Wikipedia au ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kukithiri kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia kukumbana kufanyiwa unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Hivyo, wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo Hapa]na baada ya kuusoma mwongozo huo unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 15 April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Dar es Salaam ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla na miradi waliyoitekeleza tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi '''[[Mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|AMtavangu (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 17:09, 5 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :Ndugu, naona unapenda kutunga ukurasa kuhusu ushoga. Sijui kama tunahitaji kuuhamasisha. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:22, 28 Machi 2021 (UTC) Hapana haupaswi kuhamasishwa. Lakini, tukiangalia makala zilizotolewa kutafasiliwa hawa wote niliowaandika hawakuwa katika kundi la mashonga. Wakati nafanya tafasili ndo nimekuwa nikikutana na habari za ushoga. Nadhani kuna haja ya waandaaji kuwa wanaangalia kiundanj hizi makala wanazotoa tutafasili. Amani kwako pia ndugu MagoTech Tanzania 06:42, 28 Machi 2021 (UTC) ==Michango yako, jamii na interwiki== Asante kwa michango yako. Lakini nimeona mifano ambako ulisahau interwiki, pia umeweka pekee jamii ya mwaka wa kuzaliwa. Ambayo haisaidii sana. Naomba urudie kupitilia zote na kuangalia interwiki pamoja na jamii. Kuhusu interwiki tazama '''[[Msaada:Interwiki]]'''. Kuhusu jamii: jamii ya mwaka pekee haisaidii sana. Angalau umpange kila mmoja kwa kuandika chini ya makala '''Jamii:Wanawake wa NCHI HUSIKA''' (katika mabano mraba yaani '''<nowiki>[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Wanawake wa NCHI HUSIKA]]</nowiki>'''). Ukiweza kuelewa [[Maalum:SafuyaJamii|Mfumo wa Jamii]] heri kuunda jamii zinazotaja kazi ya wahusika; lakini hapo unahitaji kuunganisha jamii mpya na jamii za juu. Ukiwa na swali, uliza! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 21:41, 29 Machi 2021 (UTC) :Habari ndugu. :Asante sana kwa maelekezo muhimu. Naahidi kuyafanyia kazi MagoTech Tanzania 01:54, 30 Machi 2021 (UTC) ::[[Arif Lohar]]: asante kwa mchago, lakini afadhali utafakari jamii unazotumia!! Si lazima kuanzisha jamii zote zilizopo enwiki, lakini angalau asionekane katika jamii fulani ya Watu wa Pakistan??'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' ==Hongera== Napenda kukupongeza kwa juhudi zako katika Wikipedia, ila hakikisha kwamba makala zieleweke kwa Kiswahili. Unavyojua, tafsiri ya kompyuta haisaidii sana. Endelea kuangalia kama pengine ninarekebisha michango yako ili uzidi kukomaa. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:28, 16 Aprili 2021 (UTC) :Asante. Samahani kama kuna makala haikueleweka lakini naahidi kujitahidi kuwa makini zaidi katika makala zijazo. MagoTech Tanzania 16:14, 16 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ==Zabron'sPedia== Ndugu, naona uliona vema kumpongeza Zabron'sPedia kwa kazi yake. Hali halisi nimepitilia makala mbili ambazo zilikuwa makala mabaya. Anajua kutumia vvyanzo kutoka enwiki, lakini anapakua lugha mbaya kasia, sioni faida ya kuongeza makala za aina hiyo akimwaga google translate bila kuisoma. Naomba sana pitilia makala zake uondoe maudhui ambayo hayaeleweki. Pia hatumii interweiki hana viungo vya ndani. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:52, 24 Juni 2021 (UTC) Naomba ntazipitia makala zake upya '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:07, 24 Juni 2021 (UTC) ==Wanariadha== Karibu tena baada ya kimya kirefu. Angalia nilivyorekebisha makala zako. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:11, 1 Novemba 2021 (UTC) :Asante ndugu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:15, 1 Novemba 2021 (UTC) == Congrats for organizing Feminism and Folklore 2022 now whats next ? == Dear Organizers, Congratulations on successfully organizing [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] on your local Wikipedia language. Here are few things that you need to look around during the contest.Make sure that all submissions follow the set of rules as mentioned below and are related to the theme of the project. #The expanded or new article should have a minimum 3000 bytes or 300 words. #The article should not be purely machine translated. #The article should be expanded or created between 1 February and 31 March. #The article should be within theme feminism or folklore.Articles will be accepted if it either belongs to Folklore or Feminism. #No copyright violations and must have proper reference as per Wikipedia notability guidelines. Please refer to the set of rules and guidelines [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|from here]]. During the contest if you face any issue or have queries regarding the project please feel free to reach out on [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Contact Us|Contact Us]] page. Feminism and Folklore team will be assisting you throughout the contest duration. We thank you for your numerous efforts which you have put in for making this project successful. Best wishes [[User:Rockpeterson|Rockpeterson]] '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 05:52, 12 Februari 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf&oldid=22820293 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]] [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on <b>31 March 2022 11:59 UTC</b>. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as <i>folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more</i> Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:28, 26 Machi 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf&oldid=23060054 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 has ended, What's Next? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">{{int:please-translate}} [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competition has ended. We thank you for organizing it on your local Wikipedia and help in document folk cultures and women in folklore in different regions of the world on Wikipedia. What's next? # Please complete the jury on or before 25th April 2022. # Email us on [mailto:wikilovesfolklore@gmail.com wikilovesfolklore@gmail.com] the Wiki usernames of top three users with most accepted articles in local contest. # You can also put the names of the winners on your local project page. # We will be contacting the winners in phased manner for distribution of prizes. Feel free to contact us via mail or [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talkpage]] if you need any help, clarification or assistance. [[File:Feminism and Folklore.webm|frameless|right|300px]] Thanks and regards '''International Team'''<br /> '''Feminism and Folklore''' </div> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 16:19, 6 Aprili 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf1&oldid=23111012 --> :Hello, :Thank you for the reminder! '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:10, 12 Aprili 2022 (UTC) == Thanks for organizing Feminism and Folklore == Dear Organiser/Jury Thank you so much for your enormous contribution during the [[:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] writing competition. We appreciate your time and efforts throughout the competition to bridge cultural and gender gap on Wikipedia. We are sending you a special postcard as a token of our appreciation and gratitude. Please fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeZ5eNggLMULDNupu4LFuTIcDmEyCIRh0QLhElkhkZvAmg0wQ/viewform this form] by July 20th 2022 to receive a postcard from us. We look forward to seeing you in 2023 next year. Stay safe! Gaurav Gaikwad. International Team Feminism and Folklore '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 13:50, 10 Julai 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf1&oldid=23501899 --> ==Sigebati III== Ndugu, asante kwa kupitia makala yangu hiyo, ila si lazima ukurasa wa Kiswahili ufanane na ule wa Kiingereza! Halafu ni afadhali uongeze habari bila ya kuondoa zilizopo tayari. Pia jitahidi kwanza kuelewa vizuri Kiingereza kwa sababu ulichokuwa umetafsiri hakikuwa na maana ya wazi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:59, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) :Sawa Asante. :'''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:12, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) == Salamu ya "Karibu" == Habari naona uliweka salamu ya Karibu kwenye ukurasa wa mtumiaji M SQUARE MWINYI. Hatufanyi hivyo, tunatakiwa kutumia ukurasa wake wa majadiliano. Kuandika au kutoandika kwenye ukurasa wa mtumiaji ni juu yake mwenyewe. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 08:05, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) k8b3zyitqmlxsh285pi7c6qm4cvdahx 1243574 1243573 2022-08-20T08:14:22Z Magotech 35622 /* Salamu ya "Karibu" */ Reply wikitext text/x-wiki Ndugu, hakuna haja ya kuunga kurasa zetu na List of 3,800 rivers of Kenya kwa sababu hiyo imechukuliwa moja kwa moja kutoka Orodha ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili: [[Mito ya Kenya]]. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:49, 14 Februari 2020 (UTC) :Ndugu, naomba uamue wewe nani apewe tuzo kwa makala za jana. Asante na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:20, 17 Februari 2020 (UTC) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ==Tangazo== Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>Mimi ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation HAPA]<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuainisha vitu vya msingi vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) wa Wikipedia na pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana kwenye Wikipedia au ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kukithiri kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia kukumbana kufanyiwa unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Hivyo, wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo Hapa]na baada ya kuusoma mwongozo huo unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 15 April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Dar es Salaam ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla na miradi waliyoitekeleza tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi '''[[Mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|AMtavangu (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 17:09, 5 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :Ndugu, naona unapenda kutunga ukurasa kuhusu ushoga. Sijui kama tunahitaji kuuhamasisha. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:22, 28 Machi 2021 (UTC) Hapana haupaswi kuhamasishwa. Lakini, tukiangalia makala zilizotolewa kutafasiliwa hawa wote niliowaandika hawakuwa katika kundi la mashonga. Wakati nafanya tafasili ndo nimekuwa nikikutana na habari za ushoga. Nadhani kuna haja ya waandaaji kuwa wanaangalia kiundanj hizi makala wanazotoa tutafasili. Amani kwako pia ndugu MagoTech Tanzania 06:42, 28 Machi 2021 (UTC) ==Michango yako, jamii na interwiki== Asante kwa michango yako. Lakini nimeona mifano ambako ulisahau interwiki, pia umeweka pekee jamii ya mwaka wa kuzaliwa. Ambayo haisaidii sana. Naomba urudie kupitilia zote na kuangalia interwiki pamoja na jamii. Kuhusu interwiki tazama '''[[Msaada:Interwiki]]'''. Kuhusu jamii: jamii ya mwaka pekee haisaidii sana. Angalau umpange kila mmoja kwa kuandika chini ya makala '''Jamii:Wanawake wa NCHI HUSIKA''' (katika mabano mraba yaani '''<nowiki>[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Wanawake wa NCHI HUSIKA]]</nowiki>'''). Ukiweza kuelewa [[Maalum:SafuyaJamii|Mfumo wa Jamii]] heri kuunda jamii zinazotaja kazi ya wahusika; lakini hapo unahitaji kuunganisha jamii mpya na jamii za juu. Ukiwa na swali, uliza! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 21:41, 29 Machi 2021 (UTC) :Habari ndugu. :Asante sana kwa maelekezo muhimu. Naahidi kuyafanyia kazi MagoTech Tanzania 01:54, 30 Machi 2021 (UTC) ::[[Arif Lohar]]: asante kwa mchago, lakini afadhali utafakari jamii unazotumia!! Si lazima kuanzisha jamii zote zilizopo enwiki, lakini angalau asionekane katika jamii fulani ya Watu wa Pakistan??'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' ==Hongera== Napenda kukupongeza kwa juhudi zako katika Wikipedia, ila hakikisha kwamba makala zieleweke kwa Kiswahili. Unavyojua, tafsiri ya kompyuta haisaidii sana. Endelea kuangalia kama pengine ninarekebisha michango yako ili uzidi kukomaa. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:28, 16 Aprili 2021 (UTC) :Asante. Samahani kama kuna makala haikueleweka lakini naahidi kujitahidi kuwa makini zaidi katika makala zijazo. MagoTech Tanzania 16:14, 16 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ==Zabron'sPedia== Ndugu, naona uliona vema kumpongeza Zabron'sPedia kwa kazi yake. Hali halisi nimepitilia makala mbili ambazo zilikuwa makala mabaya. Anajua kutumia vvyanzo kutoka enwiki, lakini anapakua lugha mbaya kasia, sioni faida ya kuongeza makala za aina hiyo akimwaga google translate bila kuisoma. Naomba sana pitilia makala zake uondoe maudhui ambayo hayaeleweki. Pia hatumii interweiki hana viungo vya ndani. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:52, 24 Juni 2021 (UTC) Naomba ntazipitia makala zake upya '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:07, 24 Juni 2021 (UTC) ==Wanariadha== Karibu tena baada ya kimya kirefu. Angalia nilivyorekebisha makala zako. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:11, 1 Novemba 2021 (UTC) :Asante ndugu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:15, 1 Novemba 2021 (UTC) == Congrats for organizing Feminism and Folklore 2022 now whats next ? == Dear Organizers, Congratulations on successfully organizing [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] on your local Wikipedia language. Here are few things that you need to look around during the contest.Make sure that all submissions follow the set of rules as mentioned below and are related to the theme of the project. #The expanded or new article should have a minimum 3000 bytes or 300 words. #The article should not be purely machine translated. #The article should be expanded or created between 1 February and 31 March. #The article should be within theme feminism or folklore.Articles will be accepted if it either belongs to Folklore or Feminism. #No copyright violations and must have proper reference as per Wikipedia notability guidelines. Please refer to the set of rules and guidelines [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|from here]]. During the contest if you face any issue or have queries regarding the project please feel free to reach out on [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Contact Us|Contact Us]] page. Feminism and Folklore team will be assisting you throughout the contest duration. We thank you for your numerous efforts which you have put in for making this project successful. Best wishes [[User:Rockpeterson|Rockpeterson]] '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 05:52, 12 Februari 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf&oldid=22820293 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]] [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on <b>31 March 2022 11:59 UTC</b>. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as <i>folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more</i> Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:28, 26 Machi 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf&oldid=23060054 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 has ended, What's Next? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">{{int:please-translate}} [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competition has ended. We thank you for organizing it on your local Wikipedia and help in document folk cultures and women in folklore in different regions of the world on Wikipedia. What's next? # Please complete the jury on or before 25th April 2022. # Email us on [mailto:wikilovesfolklore@gmail.com wikilovesfolklore@gmail.com] the Wiki usernames of top three users with most accepted articles in local contest. # You can also put the names of the winners on your local project page. # We will be contacting the winners in phased manner for distribution of prizes. Feel free to contact us via mail or [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talkpage]] if you need any help, clarification or assistance. [[File:Feminism and Folklore.webm|frameless|right|300px]] Thanks and regards '''International Team'''<br /> '''Feminism and Folklore''' </div> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 16:19, 6 Aprili 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf1&oldid=23111012 --> :Hello, :Thank you for the reminder! '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:10, 12 Aprili 2022 (UTC) == Thanks for organizing Feminism and Folklore == Dear Organiser/Jury Thank you so much for your enormous contribution during the [[:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] writing competition. We appreciate your time and efforts throughout the competition to bridge cultural and gender gap on Wikipedia. We are sending you a special postcard as a token of our appreciation and gratitude. Please fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeZ5eNggLMULDNupu4LFuTIcDmEyCIRh0QLhElkhkZvAmg0wQ/viewform this form] by July 20th 2022 to receive a postcard from us. We look forward to seeing you in 2023 next year. Stay safe! Gaurav Gaikwad. International Team Feminism and Folklore '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 13:50, 10 Julai 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf1&oldid=23501899 --> ==Sigebati III== Ndugu, asante kwa kupitia makala yangu hiyo, ila si lazima ukurasa wa Kiswahili ufanane na ule wa Kiingereza! Halafu ni afadhali uongeze habari bila ya kuondoa zilizopo tayari. Pia jitahidi kwanza kuelewa vizuri Kiingereza kwa sababu ulichokuwa umetafsiri hakikuwa na maana ya wazi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:59, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) :Sawa Asante. :'''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:12, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) == Salamu ya "Karibu" == Habari naona uliweka salamu ya Karibu kwenye ukurasa wa mtumiaji M SQUARE MWINYI. Hatufanyi hivyo, tunatakiwa kutumia ukurasa wake wa majadiliano. Kuandika au kutoandika kwenye ukurasa wa mtumiaji ni juu yake mwenyewe. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 08:05, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) :Salama, :Ni kweli nilikosea na nlirekebisha. Asante kwa kunikumbusha. '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:14, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) a8wmi3wmex5hrqg8lvqepzoavdcm8qs 1243575 1243574 2022-08-20T08:16:03Z Kipala 107 /* Salamu ya "Karibu" */ wikitext text/x-wiki Ndugu, hakuna haja ya kuunga kurasa zetu na List of 3,800 rivers of Kenya kwa sababu hiyo imechukuliwa moja kwa moja kutoka Orodha ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili: [[Mito ya Kenya]]. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:49, 14 Februari 2020 (UTC) :Ndugu, naomba uamue wewe nani apewe tuzo kwa makala za jana. Asante na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:20, 17 Februari 2020 (UTC) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ==Tangazo== Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>Mimi ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation HAPA]<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuainisha vitu vya msingi vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) wa Wikipedia na pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana kwenye Wikipedia au ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kukithiri kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia kukumbana kufanyiwa unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Hivyo, wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo Hapa]na baada ya kuusoma mwongozo huo unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 15 April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Dar es Salaam ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla na miradi waliyoitekeleza tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi '''[[Mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|AMtavangu (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 17:09, 5 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :Ndugu, naona unapenda kutunga ukurasa kuhusu ushoga. Sijui kama tunahitaji kuuhamasisha. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:22, 28 Machi 2021 (UTC) Hapana haupaswi kuhamasishwa. Lakini, tukiangalia makala zilizotolewa kutafasiliwa hawa wote niliowaandika hawakuwa katika kundi la mashonga. Wakati nafanya tafasili ndo nimekuwa nikikutana na habari za ushoga. Nadhani kuna haja ya waandaaji kuwa wanaangalia kiundanj hizi makala wanazotoa tutafasili. Amani kwako pia ndugu MagoTech Tanzania 06:42, 28 Machi 2021 (UTC) ==Michango yako, jamii na interwiki== Asante kwa michango yako. Lakini nimeona mifano ambako ulisahau interwiki, pia umeweka pekee jamii ya mwaka wa kuzaliwa. Ambayo haisaidii sana. Naomba urudie kupitilia zote na kuangalia interwiki pamoja na jamii. Kuhusu interwiki tazama '''[[Msaada:Interwiki]]'''. Kuhusu jamii: jamii ya mwaka pekee haisaidii sana. Angalau umpange kila mmoja kwa kuandika chini ya makala '''Jamii:Wanawake wa NCHI HUSIKA''' (katika mabano mraba yaani '''<nowiki>[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Wanawake wa NCHI HUSIKA]]</nowiki>'''). Ukiweza kuelewa [[Maalum:SafuyaJamii|Mfumo wa Jamii]] heri kuunda jamii zinazotaja kazi ya wahusika; lakini hapo unahitaji kuunganisha jamii mpya na jamii za juu. Ukiwa na swali, uliza! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 21:41, 29 Machi 2021 (UTC) :Habari ndugu. :Asante sana kwa maelekezo muhimu. Naahidi kuyafanyia kazi MagoTech Tanzania 01:54, 30 Machi 2021 (UTC) ::[[Arif Lohar]]: asante kwa mchago, lakini afadhali utafakari jamii unazotumia!! Si lazima kuanzisha jamii zote zilizopo enwiki, lakini angalau asionekane katika jamii fulani ya Watu wa Pakistan??'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' ==Hongera== Napenda kukupongeza kwa juhudi zako katika Wikipedia, ila hakikisha kwamba makala zieleweke kwa Kiswahili. Unavyojua, tafsiri ya kompyuta haisaidii sana. Endelea kuangalia kama pengine ninarekebisha michango yako ili uzidi kukomaa. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:28, 16 Aprili 2021 (UTC) :Asante. Samahani kama kuna makala haikueleweka lakini naahidi kujitahidi kuwa makini zaidi katika makala zijazo. MagoTech Tanzania 16:14, 16 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ==Zabron'sPedia== Ndugu, naona uliona vema kumpongeza Zabron'sPedia kwa kazi yake. Hali halisi nimepitilia makala mbili ambazo zilikuwa makala mabaya. Anajua kutumia vvyanzo kutoka enwiki, lakini anapakua lugha mbaya kasia, sioni faida ya kuongeza makala za aina hiyo akimwaga google translate bila kuisoma. Naomba sana pitilia makala zake uondoe maudhui ambayo hayaeleweki. Pia hatumii interweiki hana viungo vya ndani. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:52, 24 Juni 2021 (UTC) Naomba ntazipitia makala zake upya '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:07, 24 Juni 2021 (UTC) ==Wanariadha== Karibu tena baada ya kimya kirefu. Angalia nilivyorekebisha makala zako. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:11, 1 Novemba 2021 (UTC) :Asante ndugu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:15, 1 Novemba 2021 (UTC) == Congrats for organizing Feminism and Folklore 2022 now whats next ? == Dear Organizers, Congratulations on successfully organizing [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] on your local Wikipedia language. Here are few things that you need to look around during the contest.Make sure that all submissions follow the set of rules as mentioned below and are related to the theme of the project. #The expanded or new article should have a minimum 3000 bytes or 300 words. #The article should not be purely machine translated. #The article should be expanded or created between 1 February and 31 March. #The article should be within theme feminism or folklore.Articles will be accepted if it either belongs to Folklore or Feminism. #No copyright violations and must have proper reference as per Wikipedia notability guidelines. Please refer to the set of rules and guidelines [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|from here]]. During the contest if you face any issue or have queries regarding the project please feel free to reach out on [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Contact Us|Contact Us]] page. Feminism and Folklore team will be assisting you throughout the contest duration. We thank you for your numerous efforts which you have put in for making this project successful. Best wishes [[User:Rockpeterson|Rockpeterson]] '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 05:52, 12 Februari 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf&oldid=22820293 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]] [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on <b>31 March 2022 11:59 UTC</b>. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as <i>folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more</i> Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:28, 26 Machi 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf&oldid=23060054 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 has ended, What's Next? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">{{int:please-translate}} [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competition has ended. We thank you for organizing it on your local Wikipedia and help in document folk cultures and women in folklore in different regions of the world on Wikipedia. What's next? # Please complete the jury on or before 25th April 2022. # Email us on [mailto:wikilovesfolklore@gmail.com wikilovesfolklore@gmail.com] the Wiki usernames of top three users with most accepted articles in local contest. # You can also put the names of the winners on your local project page. # We will be contacting the winners in phased manner for distribution of prizes. Feel free to contact us via mail or [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talkpage]] if you need any help, clarification or assistance. [[File:Feminism and Folklore.webm|frameless|right|300px]] Thanks and regards '''International Team'''<br /> '''Feminism and Folklore''' </div> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 16:19, 6 Aprili 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf1&oldid=23111012 --> :Hello, :Thank you for the reminder! '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:10, 12 Aprili 2022 (UTC) == Thanks for organizing Feminism and Folklore == Dear Organiser/Jury Thank you so much for your enormous contribution during the [[:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] writing competition. We appreciate your time and efforts throughout the competition to bridge cultural and gender gap on Wikipedia. We are sending you a special postcard as a token of our appreciation and gratitude. Please fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeZ5eNggLMULDNupu4LFuTIcDmEyCIRh0QLhElkhkZvAmg0wQ/viewform this form] by July 20th 2022 to receive a postcard from us. We look forward to seeing you in 2023 next year. Stay safe! Gaurav Gaikwad. International Team Feminism and Folklore '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 13:50, 10 Julai 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf1&oldid=23501899 --> ==Sigebati III== Ndugu, asante kwa kupitia makala yangu hiyo, ila si lazima ukurasa wa Kiswahili ufanane na ule wa Kiingereza! Halafu ni afadhali uongeze habari bila ya kuondoa zilizopo tayari. Pia jitahidi kwanza kuelewa vizuri Kiingereza kwa sababu ulichokuwa umetafsiri hakikuwa na maana ya wazi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:59, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) :Sawa Asante. :'''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:12, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) == Salamu ya "Karibu" == Habari naona uliweka salamu ya Karibu kwenye ukurasa wa mtumiaji M SQUARE MWINYI. Hatufanyi hivyo, tunatakiwa kutumia ukurasa wake wa majadiliano. Kuandika au kutoandika kwenye ukurasa wa mtumiaji ni juu yake mwenyewe. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 08:05, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) :Salama, :Ni kweli nilikosea na nlirekebisha. Asante kwa kunikumbusha. '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:14, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ::Haya, nimeona, asante. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 08:16, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ie36yiroi0k3zmr0wfsru8lq609vyzq 3 131903 1243591 1242951 2022-08-20T10:42:03Z Kipala 107 /* Kuongeza jamii */ mjadala mpya wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 19 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Kuhusu Uhariri== Habari ndugu Anuary Rajabu Hongera sana kwa jitihada zako za kuhariri katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili, jaribu kupitia sana ukurasa wa mabadiliko ya karibuni ili kuweza kuona baadhi ya makala zako na namna zinavyoendelea kuboreshwa, na utumie maboresho hayo katika makala zako nyingine. Amani sana kwako. Idd ninga'''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 22:58, 23 Mei 2021 (UTC) ==Volkeno== Ndugu naona tunaingiliana kwenye makala kuhusu [[Chamko ya volkeno]]. Sijamaliza bado. Ushauri ni: uangalie historia ya makala; kama imehaririwa dakika chache zilizopita, kuna uwezekano mhariri bado anaendelea.. Kwa hiyo heri kusibiri hadi kesho. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 20:05, 25 Mei 2021 (UTC) :Ooh Sawa kiongozi nimekuelwa Samahani kwa hilo, Nitafanya hivo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 22:17, 25 Mei 2021 (UTC) ==Jina la Mtu== Salamu Anuary Rajabu Unaweza kuangalia katika makala zako zenye majina ya watu na kuona baadhi ya mabadiliko hasa ya masahihisho ya jina, kwa kawaida unapoandika jina la mtu inafaa kabisa jina liandikwe kwa herufi kubwa badala ya ndogo, unaweza kuona namna majina ya makala zako yalivyobadilishwa, hongera kwa juhudi unazofanya, endelea kujifunza zaidi, [[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]]) == Nimekuzuia siku 3 == Ndugu, uliondoa vigezo vya umaarufu, vyanz na futa kutoka ukurasa wa [[Melody Mbassa]], bila maelezo yoyote. Hapa umeingilia katika kazi ya usimamizi wa wikipedia hii. Nimekuzuia sasa kwa siku 3, huwezi kuhariri kwa siku hizo. Unaweza kujieleza kwenye ukurasa huu hapa. Ukiweza kutaja sababu zinazoeleweka naweza kuondoa kizuizi.'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 08:41, 28 Mei 2021 (UTC) Naomba kusamehewa,nilikua sijui kuhusu hilo lakini kwa kuwa kiongozi wangu ameweza kunielekeza kuhusu hilo, sitoweza kufanya hivo tena kwani mie sio mjuzi sana katika uhariri wa makala. Hivo nimeweza kujifunza. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:07, 28 Mei 2021 (UTC) :Asante kwa kujibu. Nimekufungua. Ila bado hujasema kwa nini uliondoa vigezo vile? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 18:57, 28 Mei 2021 (UTC) == Can you help me correct an article? Thank you! == Hello, {{Ping|Anuary Rajabu}}! I wrote an article on Andrea Benetti, a well-known Italian artist https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Benetti_(artist). I used the automatic translator to make a draft https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtumiaji:BarbaraLuciano13 . Could you help me correct the text and add the infobox with the photo at the beginning and the categories at the bottom? Unfortunately I don't know the language and I am not able to do it ... Thanks for what you can do, see you soon, --'''[[Mtumiaji:BarbaraLuciano13|BarbaraLuciano13]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:BarbaraLuciano13|majadiliano]])''' 09:11, 19 Juni 2021 (UTC) ==Marekebisho== Salamu Anuary, tazama katika makala hii hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entisar_Elsaeed kuna sehemu umeandika kuwa Entisari ni mwanaharakati wa kutetea Wanawake, lakini katika makala hii ukasema kuwa Elsaeed na taasisi yake walilenga katika kuongeza unyanyasaji wa wanawake majumbani, nafikiri kuwa ulitaka kuandika kupunguza, sasa cha kufanya pitia makala yake ni kuifanyia marekebishom, tazama katika makala ya kiingereza nini kilichoandikwa,Amani sana'''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 18:34, 9 Machi 2022 (UTC) :sawa kiongozi nimeelewa nitafanya hivyo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:47, 10 Machi 2022 (UTC) ==Hongera== Anuary naona siku hizi unaleta michango mingi yenye thamani. Naona umeshika vizuri fomati ya wikipedia. Nakupa Hongera! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 07:59, 16 Machi 2022 (UTC) :Asante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:34, 16 Machi 2022 (UTC) ::Pamoja na pongezi, naomba uangalie makala zenyewe: kweli tunahitaji kutetea ushoga? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:13, 29 Machi 2022 (UTC) :::Asante kwa kufanyia doria makala nyingi. Mimi nimezidiwa. Ila naomba uondoe tanbihi za Wikipedia ya Kiingereza na hasa jamii nyingi mno. Unakuta makala ya mwanamuziki wa Nigeria ina jamii:Sanaa ya Afrika! kama si Jamii:Afrika! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:14, 4 Mei 2022 (UTC) ::::Asante sana, nitajitahidi kufanya hivyo. Amani iwe nasi sote. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 4 Mei 2022 (UTC) == JAMII za Muziki Aziingiliani na michezo == Amani kwako ndugu, kuwa makini wakati unachagua jamii ya kuweka kwenye makala,acha kuunganisha jamii ya muziki na makala za mchezo wa Mpira wa miguu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 19:41, 14 Mei 2022 (UTC) :Asante kwa ukumbusho nadhani ni suala la kujisahau tu katika ukopiji wa jamii wakati wa kuchapisha makala, hivo nitazipitia makala zangu zote ili kurekebisha makosa hayo. Amani iwe nasi sote. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:54, 14 Mei 2022 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklore 2022 - Local prize winners == <div style="border:8px brown ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Congratulations for winning a local prize in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competition. Thank you for your contribution and documenting your local folk culture on Wikipedia. Please fill in your preferences before 15th of June 2022 to receive your prize. Requesting you to fill [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScK5HgvVaLph_r_afctwShUuYVtXNwaN24HUSEYnzUUho8d-Q/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] before the deadline to avoid disappointments. Feel free to [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Contact Us|contact us]] if you need any assistance or further queries. Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|FNF 2022 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 07:50, 22 Mei 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf&oldid=23312270 --> == Reminder to provide information - Feminism and Folklore 2022 == Dear User The Google form to submit information of winners during the 2022 edition of Feminism and Folklore 2022 end on 10th of June 2022. Please be informed that you will loose your prize once the deadline for sending information ends. We humbly urge you to kindly fill the form using [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScK5HgvVaLph_r_afctwShUuYVtXNwaN24HUSEYnzUUho8d-Q/viewform?usp=sf_link this link] as soon as possible. Feel free to contact us on mail or talkpage if you have any difficulties. Thank you for understanding! Regards International Team Feminism and Folklore 2022 '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 12:38, 5 Juni 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf&oldid=23364696 --> == Mipira ya samaki == Salamu Anuary. Ukichangia makala unafuata mabadiliko katika makala haya na kusoma majadiliano yake? Niliweka maoni yangu na swali kwenye [[Majadiliano:Mipira ya samaki]] (angalia hapo chini). Bado ninangoja jibu lako. Mipira wa samaki ni tafsiri isiyofaa kwa "fish balls". Maana ya mpira kwanza ni "rubber", kwa hivyo ikiwa maana yake ni "ball" hiyo ball ni aina ya rubber au labda ya plastiki. Kwa ujumla, "food ball" ni tonge kwa Kiswahili, au kitonge ikiwa ni dogo. "Meat ball" ni kababu, kwa hivyo labda tutumie hii kwa "fish ball" pia. Mnapendelea neno gani? '''[[Mtumiaji:ChriKo|ChriKo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ChriKo|majadiliano]])''' 06:00, 22 Juni 2022 (UTC) :Asante sana Chriko kwa ukumbusho wako mzuri, hakika kweli Mipira ya samaki sio tafsiri thabiti ya "fish ball", hivyo katika kuchangia kwangu uhariri wa makala hiyo sikuweza kupitia huo ujumbe wako ulioacha. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 02:16, 23 Juni 2022 (UTC) == Tena jamii == Asante kwa kutekeleza masahihisho. Sasa mfano wa [[Alfred Dan Moussa]]. Umemweka kwa "Wanahabari wa Cote d'Ivoire" PIA "Watu wa Cote d'Ivoire". Hii ya pili ni bure. "Wanahabari wa Cote d'Ivoire" umeanzisha kama jamii mpya, sasa unahitaji kufungua ukurasa wake (bofya jina jekundu tu) na ndani yake unaandika (katika mabano mraba) "Watu wa Cote Cote d'Ivoire" halafu pia jamii husika ya wanahabari. Uitafute tu, utakuta jina tofauti kidogo "Jamii:Waandishi wa habari". '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 20:52, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) :Ahsante sana kwa ukumbusho wako mzuri, lakini makala hii sikuianzisha mimi, hivo mie nimefanya masahihisho tu katika makala. :Pia katika suala la kuongeza, kupunguza na masahihisho ya jamii niliogopa kuingilia majukumu ndio maana niliacha kama nilivyokuta, kwani nafahamu hilo ni jukumu la mkabidhi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:02, 27 Julai 2022 (UTC) ==[[Sage Steele]]== Ndugu, hongera kwa juhudi zako. Ila unapotaka kuchangia ukurasa fulani, usianze na moja. Kwa mfano huo hapo juu ulikata viungo na maandishi mazuri. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:07, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC) :ukarasa huo ulikua hauna vyanzo na pia baadhi ya maudhui yalikua hayaendani na makala ya kiingereza, hivo ndio nilikua najaribu kuongeza vyanzo kwa kuanza kuandika upya, lakini baadhi ya vitu kama jamii na picha nimerejesha kama awali ilivyokua. :Unaweza kuupitia sasa hivi ukaona. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:16, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC) ::Sawasawa, ila kumbuka si lazima ukurasa wa Kiswahili ufanane na ule wa Kiingereza! Kwa mfano kwa Kiswahili nadhani hatusemi sana "mtangazaji mwanamke" bali ni "mwanamke mtangazaji" au "mtangazaji wa kike". Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:52, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC) :::Ahsante sana kwa kunipatia uelewa ambao nilikua sina hapo awali, hivo nitayafanyia kazi yote haya kuhakikisha kuwa makala zinakua bora zaidi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:00, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC) ==Kukaribisha watumiaji wapya== Habari nimeona umefanya kazi sana kuwakaribisha waliojiandikisha, asante sana!! Ila sasa naona umeanza kukaribisha pia URL. Sitaki kukuzuia, ukiwa nba muda mwingi endelea tu. Ila tu faida yake si kubwa sana. Maana wengi wanaingia kwa [[URL]] tofautitofauti zinazoweza kubadilika. Hapo ni sababu kwa kawaida hatuifanyi. Ila ni chaguo lako. [[Maalum:Michango/2003:CE:6730:1F01:2C97:DBF6:8B7:A19|2003:CE:6730:1F01:2C97:DBF6:8B7:A19]] 12:47, 16 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ::Kumbe safari hii nilingia pia kwa URL fulani ! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 12:49, 16 Agosti 2022 (UTC) :Asante sana kwa kunikumbusha na kunielekeza hapa nimeelewa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:34, 16 Agosti 2022 (UTC) == Kuongeza jamii == Habari, naona umeongeza jamii kwenye makala zilizokosa jamii za maana (zote zilipangwa chini ya "amani" pekee, ambayo haisiaidii kitu. Ila umeweka "mbegu za watu" ambayo haisaidii vilevile (ningependa kuifuta lakini ziko nyingi mno tayari, heri tuache kuitumia). Maana kusudi la jamii ni kuainisha makala na kupanga makala ambazo mada zinafanana. Njia bora ni kuona kama makala iko kwenye enwiki na kuchagua jamii za huko; hii inahitaji muda kidogo maana unahitaji kupeleleza kwanza kama jamii iko kwa Kiswahili, halafu utaitumia, au unaanza jamii mpya. Kwa vyote tazama [[Msaada:Jamii]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 10:42, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ociht32ag61ztskwl4y929gd4v9hqic 3 153495 1243554 1236370 2022-08-20T01:11:58Z Yungdollaz 55130 wikitext text/x-wiki == == {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 15:33, 28 Julai 2022 (UTC) Okay '''[[Mtumiaji:Yungdollaz|Yungdollaz]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Yungdollaz#top|majadiliano]])''' 01:11, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) c77t1g4aovfs24s5vk8ittly15wcszr 3 155437 1243547 1240329 2022-08-19T18:05:55Z QueerEcofeminist 30468 QueerEcofeminist alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Vneb23]] hadi [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tétraodon pardalis]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Vneb23|Vneb23]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Tétraodon pardalis|Tétraodon pardalis]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} Kurasa zako ni fupi mno. Labda hujui Kiswahili. Amani kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:19, 7 Agosti 2022 (UTC) :Ninaongea kiswahili kidogo. Ninajifunza. Ninataka kusaida ! '''[[Mtumiaji:Vneb23|Vneb23]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Vneb23#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:24, 7 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ::Hongera kwa hilo. Lakini usiishie kutangaza ushoga! Kamusi elezo inahitaji mambo mengi muhimu. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:29, 7 Agosti 2022 (UTC) :::Asante. Nitajitahidi kutafakari wiki hii. '''[[Mtumiaji:Vneb23|Vneb23]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Vneb23#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:24, 7 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ssle8x0pxagaoq732wtf0mczxudivko 3 156140 1243550 1241336 2022-08-19T21:13:14Z Tozina 45655 Reply wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:04, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) :Hi User, who create a site for me here and send messages with no reason. I never indicated I wished to do something here, I had no interest to write here and I don't want do it in future. What a crazy culture to force something on my neck. Hold back your bot. And maybe reflect a minute about forcing clickbaiting: what would happen if we all act like you? '''send never again messages to me in other wiki projects''' '''[[Mtumiaji:Tozina|Tozina]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tozina#top|majadiliano]])''' 21:13, 19 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 6ot33vtfekj7kwna2u33xfyxiybpnxx 1243553 1243550 2022-08-20T00:58:53Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:04, 9 Agosti 2022 (UTC) :Hi User, who create a site for me here and send messages with no reason. I never indicated I wished to do something here, I had no interest to write here and I don't want do it in future. What a crazy culture to force something on my neck. Hold back your bot. And maybe reflect a minute about forcing clickbaiting: what would happen if we all act like you? '''send never again messages to me in other wiki projects''' '''[[Mtumiaji:Tozina|Tozina]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tozina#top|majadiliano]])''' 21:13, 19 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ::Hi you opened a user ID on this wiki / caused a user ID to be opened on ths wiki, thus you get our standard welcome. That is how it is here. Cheers! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 00:58, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ii3t9n1jcmiheank9m2pet4nzm0xm86 0 156448 1243559 1242724 2022-08-20T04:20:54Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Joseph R. Donovan, Jr.jpg|alt=Balozi wa marekani kule Indonesia|thumb|Joseph R. Donovan Jr.]] '''Joseph R. Donovan Jr.''' ni mwanadiplomasia wa zamani wa kimarekani amabe hapo nyuma aliweza kutumikia kama [[Ambasada wa Marekani Indonesia.|ambasada wa Marekani nchini Indonesia.]] Maisha yake ya hapo Nyuma Joseph R. Donovan Jr. alihitimu katika chuo kikuu cha masuala ya mambo ya nje cha Georgetown.<ref>{{Citation|title=Burns, William Joseph, (born 11 April 1956), President, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, since 2015; Deputy Secretary of State, United States Department of State, 2011–14|date=2007-12-01|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.244965|work=Who's Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2022-08-10}}</ref>Aliweza kuipata shahda yake ya uzamili kutokea shule ya Naval Postgraduate School.<ref>{{Citation|title=Burns, William Joseph, (born 11 April 1956), President, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, since 2015; Deputy Secretary of State, United States Department of State, 2011–14|date=2007-12-01|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.244965|work=Who's Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2022-08-10}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] c1gkbkqbcexyhsu6toh5uxjk49vzbgn 0 156455 1243556 1242776 2022-08-20T04:14:16Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Coyne''' (alizaliwa [[1937]]) Ni mwandishi wa [[Marekani|kimarekani.]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/924531266|title=Discovering modern horror fiction|date=1999|publisher=Wildside Press|others=Darrell Schweitzer|isbn=1-58715-010-7|location=Berkeley heights, NJ|oclc=924531266}}</ref> Ni mwandhishi wa vitabu zaidi ya 25 vikiwemo vitabu [[visivyo vya uongo]] na vile vya [[uongo]], ikijumuisha [[tamtilia kadhaa za kutisha|Riwaya kadhaa za kutisha,]] hadithi fupi fupi ambazo zimeweza kukusanywa ndani ya bora ya anthologies mfano ''Modern Master of Horror na [[The Year’s Best Fantasy]]'' na ''[[Horror]].'' Alikuwa ni [[mtunza amani]] aliyepita wa kujitolea na mpenzi wa maisha yake katika [[Gofu (michezo)|Gofu]], ameweza kuhariri na kuandikia vitabu vinavyojihusisha na masomo yote mawili, ikijumuisha ''The Caddie Who Knew Ben Hogan, The caddie Who Played With Hickory na The Caddie Who Won the Masters.'' Kitabu chake cha hivi karibuni ni haddithi ya kimapenzi ilinayoitwa Long Ago na Far Away<ref>{{Cite journal|last=King|first=William S.|date=2014-01-01|title=Cwbr Author Interview: To Raise Up A Nation: John Brown, Frederick Douglass, And The Making Of A Free Country|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.31390/cwbr.16.4.05|journal=Civil War Book Review|volume=16|issue=4|doi=10.31390/cwbr.16.4.05|issn=1528-6592}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] gks5uwy149aws420vywhr77k2349t1i 0 156541 1243569 1242065 2022-08-20T04:32:52Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stanley Lloyd Kaufman Jr.''' (alizaliwa [[Desemba 30]], [[1945]]) ni muongozaji [[filamu]] wa Kimarekani, mwandishi, mtayarishaji na mwigizaji. Pamoja na mtayarishaji [[Michael Herz]], yeye ndiye mwanzilishi mwenza wa studio ya filamu ya [[Troma Entertainment]], na muongozaji wa filamu zao nyingi za kipengele, kama vile [[The Toxic Avenger]] na Tromeo na Juliet. Mbinu nyingi alizotumia katika [[Troma]] zimepewa sifa kwa kufanya tasnia ya filamu kufikiwa zaidi na kugawanyika. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to Tromaville, the Bloodstained, Toxic-Goo-Drenched, Titty-Shaking Capital of Independent Film|url=https://www.theringer.com/movies/2018/10/17/17979564/troma-movie-studio-lloyd-kaufman-toxic-avenger-independent-film|work=The Ringer|date=2018-10-17|accessdate=2022-08-12|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] s2x08h0awzbokxxu8oksao5i9llsi26 0 156921 1243567 1242722 2022-08-20T04:29:42Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laurence Michael Foley, Sr.''' (Octoba 5, 1942 – Octoba 28, 2002) alikuwa mwanadiplomasia wa Kimarekani ambaye aliuwawa nnje ya nyumba yake uko [[Amman]], Jordan. Kazi Amezaliwa [[Boston, Massachusetts]], Foley alikuwa [[askari wa Amani]] wakujitolea 1965, alihudumu kwa miaka miwili India na kufuzu kwenye [[chuo kikuu cha Massachusetts]]. Baada ya kupata shahada ya uzamili ya [[ushauri wa ukarabati]] katika chuo kikuu cha jimbo la San Francisco 1969, alihudumu kama afisa    majaribio katika nchi ya [[Contra Costa]], California. Baadae alifanya kazi kama askari wa Amani, alihudumu kama mkurugenzi mshirika wa askari wa Amani mipango ndani ya Philippines kwanzia 1980 mpaka 1985. Alihudumu kama mkurugenzi wa utawala  katika huduma ya ukarabati California ya kaskazini mpaka kujiunga na [[wakala wa marekani wa maendeleo ya kimataifa]]  (USAID) 1988. Baada ya kufanya kazi Bolivia, Peru, na Zimbabwe, Foley alikua afisa mtendaji mkuu wa USAID/Jordan 2000.<ref>{{Citation|title=A Life Remembered|date=2018|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11673.003.0017|work=Howard Hiatt|publisher=The MIT Press|access-date=2022-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Haacke|first=Hans|date=2002-07|title=A Public Servant|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo.2002.101.1.4|journal=October|volume=101|pages=4–6|doi=10.1162/octo.2002.101.1.4|issn=0162-2870}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] qg9o1rdrhzdvrj1sjm3jk6lcnxvq5wn 0 156923 1243568 1242731 2022-08-20T04:30:49Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lawton Wehle Fitt''' (alizaliwa julai 1953)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lawton FITT personal appointments - Find and update company information - GOV.UK|url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/9ANMe97vdCGZ43g_kBuVwaGH-HY/appointments|work=find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk|accessdate=2022-08-14|language=en}}</ref> ni mmarekani mkurugenzi wa benki. Alimaliza katika [[chuo cha Brown]] , ni mtaaam katika historia ya European. Baada ya kufanya kazi [[Burkina Faso]] na [[askari wa Amani]], alisoma [[chuo kikuu cha Virginia’s Darden shule ya biashara]].<ref>https://www.hrw.org/about/people/lawton-fitt</ref> Kuanzia 1979 mpaka 2002, Fitt alikua ni mkurugenzi wa benki na [[Goldman Sachs]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stocks|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks|work=Bloomberg.com|accessdate=2022-08-14|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 2002, Fitt alimrithisha [[David Gordon]] kama sekretari wa [[Royal Academy]], alishikilia nafasi hiyo mpaka 2005.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Independent|date=2022-08-08|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Independent&oldid=1103104525|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-14}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] [[Jamii:Jeshi la amani]] kuxxd09bbam58785pc3vbqaq7f2mod5 0 156938 1243564 1243000 2022-08-20T04:26:08Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alan Kent Haruf''' (alizaliwa [[Februari 24]], [[1943]] - [[Novemba 30]], [[2014]]) Alikuwa ni [[mwandishi wa Riwaya]] wa kimarekani. == Maisha == '''Haruf''' alizaliwa kule [[Pueblo, Colorado]], mtoto wa waziri wa [[Methodist]]. Mnamo 1965 aliweza kuhitimu akiwa na [[stashahada]] ya kwanza kutokea [[Nebraska Wesleyan|chuo kikuu cha Nebraska Wesleyan]] ambapo badae angeliweza kufundisha na akaweza kupata [[M F A JHBJK|MFA]] kutoka kwa [[Lowa Writers’ Workshop]] katika [[chuo kikuu cha Lowa]] mnamo mwaka 1973. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] r0k08nhjdcrw1a7vo7ezwuzccwqfiwc 0 156957 1243562 1242874 2022-08-20T04:23:08Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ukanda wa kibinadamu''' ni aina ya eneo la mda lisilo kuwa na jeshi kwa kusudi la kuruhusu usafiri salama wa misaada ya kibinadamu ndani au ya wakimbizi nje ya eneo la majanga. Kanda hizo zinajihusisha na maeneo yasiyo ruhusu [[kuruka kwa ndege]] au [[kuendshwa kwa mgari.]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=SECURITY COUNCIL HEARS CONFLICTING RUSSIAN, GEORGIAN VIEWS OF WORSENING CRISIS AS MEMBERS SEEK END TO VIOLENCE IN DAY�S SECOND MEETING ON SOUTH OSSETIA|url=http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2008/sc9418.doc.htm|work=web.archive.org|date=2013-09-12|accessdate=2022-08-15|archivedate=2013-09-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912132019/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2008/sc9418.doc.htm}}</ref> Baadha ya knda za kibinadamu zimependekezwa baada ya [[vita baridi]] ya dunia, kueka mbele pande moja au zaidi ya pande zinazopiga, au jumuiya ya kimataifa iwapo kuna [[uvamizi wa kibinadamu.]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-jio}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] kivxyi4yxwflafqkq1ru82lk3bbn7ht 0 156958 1243563 1242858 2022-08-20T04:24:07Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki Kengele ya Newport, Kentucky, '''Kengelea ya Amani''' ni moja ya kengele za Amani duniani ina uzito wa 30,000 kg na mita 3.7. tangu mwaka 2000 mpaka 2006, ilikuwa ni kengele kubwa ya kuning’inia duniani. Iliwekwa wakfu Desenba 31, 1999 na ikaning’inizwa mwakwa 2000 ulipoanza. Kuendelea kutunza maudhui yake ya Amani ya dunia , kengele ina maandishi ya ukumbusho wa tamko la haki za kibinadamu na kuashiria matukio muhimu ya zamani miaka ya 1000.<ref>{{Citation|last=Lucas|first=Kenneth Ray|title=In Honor of the World Peace Bell and the City of Newport, Kentucky|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/In_Honor_of_the_World_Peace_Bell_and_the_City_of_Newport,_Kentucky|access-date=2022-08-15}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]]<gallery></gallery> 4d5k8l3ceuumfxrr0nsrmlb9v5yplq4 0 156960 1243565 1243009 2022-08-20T04:27:49Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kusitisha Ugomvi''' ni kitendo cha kuzuia vita<ref>{{Citation|last=Forster|first=Robert A.|title=Ceasefires|date=2019|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_8-2|work=The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies|pages=1–8|editor-last=Romaniuk|editor-first=Scott|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_8-2|isbn=978-3-319-74336-3|access-date=2022-08-15|editor2-last=Thapa|editor2-first=Manish|editor3-last=Marton|editor3-first=Péter}}</ref> kwa mda mfupi ambapo pande zote wankubaliana kuacha vitendo vya ukorofi.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-18795-2</ref> Kihistoria hili jambo liliishi kwa kipindi cha umri wakati , ambayo ilijulikana kama “ suluhu ya Mungu” <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bailey|first=Sydney D.|date=1977-07|title=Cease-Fires, Truces, and Armistices In the Practice of the UN Security Council|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/ceasefires-truces-and-armistices-in-the-practice-of-the-un-security-council/77012DA4712273CFE24A4D35126E53EE|journal=American Journal of International Law|language=en|volume=71|issue=3|pages=461–473|doi=10.2307/2200012|issn=0002-9300}}</ref>kusitisha mapigano ilitangazwa kama ishara ya kibinadamu kwa awali,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-662-18140-9</ref> kama makubaliano ya kisiasa au dhahiri kwa kusudi la kutatua ugomvi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Evaluating the Relevance of Ceasefires in Light of the UN Global Ceasefire Quandary|url=https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2020/07/18/evaluating-the-relevance-of-ceasefires-in-light-of-the-un-global-ceasefire-quandary/|work=Modern Diplomacy|date=2020-07-17|accessdate=2022-08-15|language=en-US|author=Arkoprabho Hazra}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] q5egu7sloh4ufjfvzerezsph208lyel 0 156962 1243561 1243014 2022-08-20T04:22:17Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:09di1626-05 (3974449217).jpg|thumb|'''Juju Harris''']] '''Juliet “JuJu” Harris''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa vitabu vya upishi wa kimarekani, mwalimu wa upishi na mwanaharakati wa upatikanaji wa chakula.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cullick|first=A. S.|last2=Carrillo|first2=M..|last3=Clayton|first3=C..|last4=Ceyhan|first4=I..|date=2014-04-01|title=Well-Spacing Study to Develop Stacked Tight Oil Pay in Midland Basin|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/168992-ms|journal=Day 3 Thu, April 03, 2014|publisher=SPE|doi=10.2118/168992-ms}}</ref> Ni Mwandishi wa Health & Homemade: Eating on a Budget and the Arcadia Mobile Market Seasonal Cookbook na mmiliki wa Nana Juju Rocks Food. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] 5mmr8ldqe8mzrld5j5wybz138si5j0d 0 156965 1243560 1243020 2022-08-20T04:21:36Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Judith Dwan Hallet''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka [[1941]]) ni [[mtayarishazaji wa filamu]] za Kimarekani. == Maisha ya hapo Nyuma == Judith Dwan Hallet amezaliwa mwaka 1941 kule San Francisco, California. Baba yake Rober Dwan ni mtayarishaji wa redio na televisheni, mwongozaji na mwandishi ikijumuisha [[You Bet Your Life]] starring [[Groucho Marx]] (1947-1961).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Godbout|first=Oscar A.|date=1957|title=Los Angeles TV: The Unrepentant Prodigal|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1210001|journal=The Quarterly of Film Radio and Television|volume=11|issue=4|pages=416–419|doi=10.2307/1210001|issn=1549-0068}}</ref>Mama yake, Lois Smith Dwan alikuwa Mpingaji wa migahawa kwa nyakati za Los Angeles.<ref>{{Citation|title=Gill, Adrian Anthony, (28 June 1954–10 Dec. 2016), journalist, Restaurant Critic, Television Critic and features writer, Sunday Times|date=2007-12-01|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u17127|work=Who's Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2022-08-15}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] 4mhu0vtqrk4xycnkpz1z5syhskfi9ph 0 157111 1243566 1243524 2022-08-20T04:29:02Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roger K. Lewis''', [[FAIA]] (aliyezaliwa 1941 huko [[Houston]], Texas) ni [[msanifu]] na [[mpangaji miji]], na profesa mstaafu wa usanifu katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Maryland, College Park]], ambapo alifundisha ubunifu wa usanifu na kozi zingine kwa miaka 37, akistaafu 2006. Pia ni mwandishi, mwandishi wa habari na mchora katuni, Lewis anaandika kuhusu usanifu na muundo wa mijini, na kuhusu jinsi sera ya umma inavyounda [[mazingira ya kujengwa]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] onhrfh4n5lpsl6bs4z7w24t0p2czjl1 0 157112 1243557 1243525 2022-08-20T04:16:36Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John W. Limbert''' (alizaliwa [[1943]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=John W. Limbert - People - Department History - Office of the Historian|url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/limbert-john-w|work=history.state.gov|accessdate=2022-08-19}}</ref> ni mwanadiplomasia wa Marekani. Yeye ni [[Naibu Katibu Msaidizi]] wa zamani wa Mambo ya Nje wa [[Iran]] katika [[Ofisi ya Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Marekani ya Masuala ya Mashariki ya Karibu]]. Yeye ni [[mwanadiplomasia]] mkongwe wa Marekani na afisa wa zamani katika Ubalozi wa Marekani mjini [[Tehran]], ambako alishikiliwa mateka wakati wa [[mzozo wa mateka wa Iran]]. Yeye ni mjumbe wa bodi ya [[Baraza la Kitaifa la Irani Marekani]] (NIAC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Staff & Board|url=https://www.niacouncil.org/staff-board/|work=NIAC|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] [[Jamii:Diplomasia]] [[Jamii:Marekani]] gd2a1o0acu027lv7rw0zw3stlii1hau 0 157115 1243555 1243529 2022-08-20T04:10:02Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald Lu''' (alizaliwa [[1966]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deputy Chief of Mission {{!}} Tirana, Albania - Embassy of the United States|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223210206/https://tirana.usembassy.gov/about-us/deputy-chief-of-mission.html|work=web.archive.org|date=2017-02-23|accessdate=2022-08-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Donald Lu - People - Department History - Office of the Historian|url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/lu-donald|work=history.state.gov|accessdate=2022-08-19}}</ref> ni mwanadiplomasia wa [[Marekani]] anayehudumu kama [[Katibu Msaidizi wa Mambo ya Nchi za Asia Kusini na Kati]] tangu 2021. Hapo awali alihudumu kama [[Balozi wa Marekani nchini Kyrgyzstan]] kuanzia 2018 hadi 2021 na [[Balozi wa Marekani nchini Albania]] kutoka 2015 hadi 2018. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] [[Jamii:Marekani]] [[Jamii:Diplomasia]] [[Jamii:Asia ya Kati]] qg67ye5xueqdpt6acpe6a22l29xwkgo 0 157116 1243537 2022-08-19T13:21:02Z Segyjoe 49837 Anzisha makala wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jonathan Dee Lemon''' ni Muingereza- mzaliwa wa Marekani, mchora katuni na mwanamuziki wa zamani. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuchora vichekesho vya [[Alley Oop]]. Lemon alizaliwa [[Watford]], [[Hertfordshire]], Uingereza mwaka wa 1965, na kupata shahada ya sanaa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Brighton]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=DAVID WASTING PAPER: Jonathan Lemon - Cartoonist Survey #93|url=http://david-wasting-paper.blogspot.com/2010/03/jonathan-lemon-cartoonist-survey-93.html|work=DAVID WASTING PAPER|date=2010-03-10|accessdate=2022-08-19|author=David}}</ref> Mnamo 1984 alianzisha bendi ya pop [[Jesus Couldn't Drum]] pamoja na mpiga gitaa Peter Pengwyn, na mara kwa mara akishirikiana na [[Lester Square]] kutoka [[The Monochrome Set]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jesus Couldn't Drum|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/533391-Jesus-Couldnt-Drum|work=Discogs|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en}}</ref> Bendi iliendelea kurekodi albamu tatu na kupata mafanikio ya wastani ya chati ya indie na wimbo wao wa tatu "I'm a Train".<ref>{{Cite web|title=www.indiespinzone.com|url=https://www.indiespinzone.com/|work=www.indiespinzone.com|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en-US}}</ref> Mnamo 2018, orodha ya nyuma ya bendi ilinunuliwa na [[Cherry Red Records]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cherry Red represent Lost Moment Records catalogue – Cherry Red Licensing|url=https://www.cherryredlicensing.co.uk/cherry-red-represent-lost-moment-records-catalogue/|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en-US}}</ref> Miaka miwili baadaye, Lemon alijiunga na [[The Chrysanthemums]] pamoja na [[Alan Jenkins]], kiongozi wa [[The Deep Freeze Mice]], na [[Terry Burrows]]. Bendi ya pop ya sanaa ya psychedelic yenye mashabiki wengi waliyoifuata karibu kabisa nje ya Uingereza, walitoa albamu nne na EP nne. <ref>{{Cite web|title=AllMusic {{!}} Record Reviews, Streaming Songs, Genres & Bands|url=https://www.allmusic.com/|work=AllMusic|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2010, jarida la muziki la Ujerumani [[MusikExpress]] liliwaweka katika nambari 23 katika orodha ya bendi zenye viwango vya chini zaidi vya wakati wote. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Musikexpress|url=https://www.musikexpress.de/|work=Musikexpress|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=de-DE}}</ref> Lemon alianza kufanya kazi kama mchora katuni, kwanza kwa [[Poot!]] Comic, na baadaye kuhamishwa hadi [[California]] mnamo 1992 ambapo, kama msanii wa katuni za kisiasa, kazi yake ilionekana kwenye [[San Francisco Chronicle]], [[San Jose Mercury]] na [[Boston Globe]] miongoni mwa zingine. Yeye ni mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Wachora Vibonzo vya Wahariri wa Marekani]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=AAEC|url=https://editorialcartoonists.com/cartoonists/lemonj/|work=editorialcartoonists.com|accessdate=2022-08-19}}</ref> na [[Jumuiya ya Kitaifa ya wachora katuni]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=National Cartoonists Society|url=https://www.nationalcartoonists.com/|work=www.nationalcartoonists.com|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en}}</ref> Kati ya 2003-2005 alihudumu kama Mjitolea wa [[Peace Corps]] huko Honduras. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Peace Corps needs a few good geeks|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2008/04/23/peace-corps-needs-a-few-good-geeks/|work=The Mercury News|date=2008-04-24|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en-US}}</ref> Katuni yake ya muda mrefu ya [[Rabbits Against Magic]] iliteuliwa kwa Tuzo ya Silver Reuben na [[Jumuiya ya Wasanii wa Katuni]] ya Kitaifa mnamo 2012, 2014, na 2021. <ref>{{Citation|title=2015 NCS Awards: Pastis, Price lead divisional ‘Silver Reuben’ finalists|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/comic-riffs/wp/2015/04/01/2015-ncs-awards-pastis-price-lead-divisional-silver-reuben-finalists/|work=Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref><ref>https://www.nationalcartoonists.com/2022/05/finalists-announced-for-2021-ncs-divisional-awards-for-the-76th-annual-reubens/</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2019, pamoja na mwandishi [[Joey Alison Sayers]], alichukua jukumu la kuchora filamu ya kitamaduni ya katuni ya [[Alley Oop]]. <ref>{{Citation|last=Gustines|first=George Gene|title=Alley Oop Will Return (Spoiler Alert)|date=2018-10-26|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/26/arts/design/alley-oop-comic-strip.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref> Kazi yake imeonyeshwa katika [[Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya Vibonzo]]<ref>https://www.cartoonart.org/a-boy-and-his-tiger-a-tribute-to-bill-watterson</ref> na Kituo cha Sanaa cha Huntington Beach.<ref>https://www.huntingtonbeachartcenter.org/the-wonderful-world-of-comics.html</ref> Katuni zake pia zimeangaziwa katika filamu ya makala iliyoshinda tuzo ya 2022<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anike L. Tourse’s Drama ‘America’s Family’ Claims Grand Jury & Audience Awards At Dances With Films 2022 – Complete Winners List|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/dances-with-films-2022-complete-winners-list-1235048859/|work=Deadline|date=2022-06-20|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en-US|author=Matt Grobar, Matt Grobar}}</ref> ya makala ya hali halisi "Jack Has a Plan" <ref>{{Citation|last=Berman|first=Bradley|title=Jack Has a Plan|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14222380/|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Jack Has a Plan|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jack_has_a_plan|language=en|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jack Has A Plan|url=https://jackdocumentary.com/|work=Jack Has A Plan|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] frfhpnvaod54pezu5ncxfxqy8rue2nw 1243558 1243537 2022-08-20T04:19:31Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jonathan Dee Lemon''' ni Muingereza- mzaliwa wa Marekani, mchora katuni na mwanamuziki wa zamani. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuchora vichekesho vya [[Alley Oop]]. Lemon alizaliwa [[Watford]], [[Hertfordshire]], Uingereza mwaka wa 1965, na kupata shahada ya sanaa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Brighton]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=DAVID WASTING PAPER: Jonathan Lemon - Cartoonist Survey #93|url=http://david-wasting-paper.blogspot.com/2010/03/jonathan-lemon-cartoonist-survey-93.html|work=DAVID WASTING PAPER|date=2010-03-10|accessdate=2022-08-19|author=David}}</ref> Mnamo 1984 alianzisha bendi ya pop [[Jesus Couldn't Drum]] pamoja na mpiga gitaa Peter Pengwyn, na mara kwa mara akishirikiana na [[Lester Square]] kutoka [[The Monochrome Set]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jesus Couldn't Drum|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/533391-Jesus-Couldnt-Drum|work=Discogs|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en}}</ref> Bendi iliendelea kurekodi albamu tatu na kupata mafanikio ya wastani ya chati ya indie na wimbo wao wa tatu "I'm a Train".<ref>{{Cite web|title=www.indiespinzone.com|url=https://www.indiespinzone.com/|work=www.indiespinzone.com|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en-US}}</ref> Mnamo 2018, orodha ya nyuma ya bendi ilinunuliwa na [[Cherry Red Records]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cherry Red represent Lost Moment Records catalogue – Cherry Red Licensing|url=https://www.cherryredlicensing.co.uk/cherry-red-represent-lost-moment-records-catalogue/|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en-US}}</ref> Miaka miwili baadaye, Lemon alijiunga na [[The Chrysanthemums]] pamoja na [[Alan Jenkins]], kiongozi wa [[The Deep Freeze Mice]], na [[Terry Burrows]]. Bendi ya pop ya sanaa ya psychedelic yenye mashabiki wengi waliyoifuata karibu kabisa nje ya Uingereza, walitoa albamu nne na EP nne. <ref>{{Cite web|title=AllMusic {{!}} Record Reviews, Streaming Songs, Genres & Bands|url=https://www.allmusic.com/|work=AllMusic|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2010, jarida la muziki la Ujerumani [[MusikExpress]] liliwaweka katika nambari 23 katika orodha ya bendi zenye viwango vya chini zaidi vya wakati wote. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Musikexpress|url=https://www.musikexpress.de/|work=Musikexpress|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=de-DE}}</ref> Lemon alianza kufanya kazi kama mchora katuni, kwanza kwa [[Poot!]] Comic, na baadaye kuhamishwa hadi [[California]] mnamo 1992 ambapo, kama msanii wa katuni za kisiasa, kazi yake ilionekana kwenye [[San Francisco Chronicle]], [[San Jose Mercury]] na [[Boston Globe]] miongoni mwa zingine. Yeye ni mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Wachora Vibonzo vya Wahariri wa Marekani]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=AAEC|url=https://editorialcartoonists.com/cartoonists/lemonj/|work=editorialcartoonists.com|accessdate=2022-08-19}}</ref> na [[Jumuiya ya Kitaifa ya wachora katuni]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=National Cartoonists Society|url=https://www.nationalcartoonists.com/|work=www.nationalcartoonists.com|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en}}</ref> Kati ya 2003-2005 alihudumu kama Mjitolea wa [[Peace Corps]] huko Honduras. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Peace Corps needs a few good geeks|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2008/04/23/peace-corps-needs-a-few-good-geeks/|work=The Mercury News|date=2008-04-24|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en-US}}</ref> Katuni yake ya muda mrefu ya [[Rabbits Against Magic]] iliteuliwa kwa Tuzo ya Silver Reuben na [[Jumuiya ya Wasanii wa Katuni]] ya Kitaifa mnamo 2012, 2014, na 2021. <ref>{{Citation|title=2015 NCS Awards: Pastis, Price lead divisional ‘Silver Reuben’ finalists|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/comic-riffs/wp/2015/04/01/2015-ncs-awards-pastis-price-lead-divisional-silver-reuben-finalists/|work=Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref><ref>https://www.nationalcartoonists.com/2022/05/finalists-announced-for-2021-ncs-divisional-awards-for-the-76th-annual-reubens/</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2019, pamoja na mwandishi [[Joey Alison Sayers]], alichukua jukumu la kuchora filamu ya kitamaduni ya katuni ya [[Alley Oop]]. <ref>{{Citation|last=Gustines|first=George Gene|title=Alley Oop Will Return (Spoiler Alert)|date=2018-10-26|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/26/arts/design/alley-oop-comic-strip.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref> Kazi yake imeonyeshwa katika [[Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya Vibonzo]]<ref>https://www.cartoonart.org/a-boy-and-his-tiger-a-tribute-to-bill-watterson</ref> na Kituo cha Sanaa cha Huntington Beach.<ref>https://www.huntingtonbeachartcenter.org/the-wonderful-world-of-comics.html</ref> Katuni zake pia zimeangaziwa katika filamu ya makala iliyoshinda tuzo ya 2022<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anike L. Tourse’s Drama ‘America’s Family’ Claims Grand Jury & Audience Awards At Dances With Films 2022 – Complete Winners List|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/dances-with-films-2022-complete-winners-list-1235048859/|work=Deadline|date=2022-06-20|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en-US|author=Matt Grobar, Matt Grobar}}</ref> ya makala ya hali halisi "Jack Has a Plan" <ref>{{Citation|last=Berman|first=Bradley|title=Jack Has a Plan|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14222380/|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Jack Has a Plan|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jack_has_a_plan|language=en|access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jack Has A Plan|url=https://jackdocumentary.com/|work=Jack Has A Plan|accessdate=2022-08-19|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Amani]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] a6eizlq2rrtzfo8exk8cdhh2jwrm6n6 3 157117 1243548 2022-08-19T18:05:55Z QueerEcofeminist 30468 QueerEcofeminist alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Vneb23]] hadi [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tétraodon pardalis]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Vneb23|Vneb23]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Tétraodon pardalis|Tétraodon pardalis]]" wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tétraodon pardalis]] rkraisvn8x148vptmmuxmelg90emgmi 3 157118 1243551 2022-08-20T00:56:12Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 00:56, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) j6kre0pllrg6y5hx6x5svpezjwms4ns 3 157119 1243552 2022-08-20T00:56:14Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 00:56, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) j6kre0pllrg6y5hx6x5svpezjwms4ns 2 157120 1243570 2022-08-20T07:50:40Z Magotech 35622 Karibu wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech|majadiliano]])''' 07:50, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 9wq1zzgy96n0vbk88van99etqtqy999 1243571 1243570 2022-08-20T07:53:06Z Magotech 35622 Kaondosha yaliyomo wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 3 157121 1243572 2022-08-20T07:53:55Z Magotech 35622 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech|majadiliano]])''' 07:53, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 2usftttacsg8u2unvf59m4yk4wpocr5 2 157122 1243579 2022-08-20T09:16:25Z Yungdollaz 55130 A Tanzanian rising pop star Methius Luwoga Daniel better known by his stage name Youzvet, born 12, September 2000 at Mwanza wikitext text/x-wiki YOUZVET krdiau867sebvackvf8ny3ba2iji9jh 2 157123 1243580 2022-08-20T10:01:01Z Pamokooo 55414 added content wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pamokooo''' ni mwandishi wa misemo ya kiswahili inayovuma. Mfano wa misemo hiyo ni kama oya, barida, kama kawa, na mingineyo. 7h310her42luksq4v7ydyywn8ieb0gt 1243583 1243580 2022-08-20T10:23:43Z Pamokooo 55414 added content wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pamokooo''' ni mwandishi wa [[misemo]] ya [[kiswahili]] inayovuma. Mfano wa [[misemo]] hiyo ni kama oya, barida, kama kawa, na mingineyo. jpovtrfvirawk1k1neie9e4v8nmqls7 12 157124 1243584 2022-08-20T10:31:23Z Kipala 107 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jamii''' ni namna yetu kupanga makala kwa makundi. Ukiweka matini <nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki> chini kabisa kwenye makala, programu ya MediaWiki itaonyesha jamii hiyo chini ya makala na kuunda "ukurasa wa jamii" Tunapoluta orodha ya makala zote zenye alama hiyo. Kurasa hizi za jamii zinasaidia kuangalia kurasa zinazohusiana. Mara nying makala itakuwa na jamii zaidi ya moja. '''Mfano: Watu'''. Mtu ataingizwa katika jamii za raia wa nchi f...' wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jamii''' ni namna yetu kupanga makala kwa makundi. Ukiweka matini <nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki> chini kabisa kwenye makala, programu ya MediaWiki itaonyesha jamii hiyo chini ya makala na kuunda "ukurasa wa jamii" Tunapoluta orodha ya makala zote zenye alama hiyo. Kurasa hizi za jamii zinasaidia kuangalia kurasa zinazohusiana. Mara nying makala itakuwa na jamii zaidi ya moja. '''Mfano: Watu'''. Mtu ataingizwa katika jamii za raia wa nchi fulani, jamii ya watu wenye kazi au fani fulani, jamii ya watu waliozaliwa mwaka fulani, kama ameshaaga dunia jamii ya watu waliofariki mwaka fulani. ==Mfumo wa jamii== Jamii zote huunganishwa katika mfumo wa jamii. Mfumo huu unatofautisha jamii za juu na jamii za chini. Ngazi ya juu iko [[Jamii:Jamii Kuu]]; kutoka hapa unaweza kupeleleza kuna nini ndani ya jamii za juu. Mfano utaona jamii ya ngazi ya kwanza "Sayansi", ndani yake iko "Jiografia", ndani yake unapata nchi, mabara, miji na kadhalika Njia nyingine ya kuangalia mfumo ni kwenda [[Maalum:KurasaMaalum|Kurasa maalum]] (kwenye menyu ya kila ukurasa upande wa kushoto) na kuangalia "Orodha za kurasa", halafu kufungua [[Maalum:SafuyaJamii|Mfumo wa Jamii]]. Hapo ukiandika jina la jamii, utaona vijamii chini yake. ==Kuteua jamii== Ukitafsiri makala kutoka Kiingereza, inafaa kuangalia jamii zilizopo kwa Kiingereza. Wakati mwingine utateua jamii kadhaa lakini unaweza pia kutumia jamii zote. Hapo unahitaji kufanya kazi mbili: * '''Kutumia jamii zilizopo:''' kuangalia katika mfumo wa jamii kama jamii husika za Kiswahili ziko, halafu kuziandika chini ya makala kwa umbo la <nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki> * '''Kuunda jamii mpya:''' kama jamii ya Kiswahili haiko, utaanzisha jamii mpya kwa kuweka <nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki> chini yake. ** '''Kuunganisha jamii mpya:''' Hapa unatakiwa kuunganisha jamii mpya kwa ngazi ya juu, labda pia kwa ngazi 2 za juu. Kwa hiyo kama makala yako ni kuhusu mwimbaji wa nchi fulani, na hakuna jamii bado, utaunda kwanza <nowiki>[[Jamii:WAIMBAJI WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki>. Hii utahitaji kuunganisha na <nowiki>[[Jamii:WATU WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki>; kama ile haiko bado, basi unaiunda na kuunganisha na <nowiki>[[Jamii:BCHI FULANI]]</nowiki> . Halafu uangalia pia mfumo wa jamii za fani (kazi), yaani kuunganisha <nowiki>[[Jamii:WAIMBAJI WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki> na <nowiki>[[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi]]</nowiki>. (ndani ya jamii hiyo za nchi kwa nchi unatumia namna ya kupanga A-B-C kwa kuandika <nowiki>[[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|HERUFI YA KWANZA YA NCHI]]</nowiki>. [[Jamii:Msaada]] 0r6a956wpi2zt5vj2nta9zzslz8p478 1243585 1243584 2022-08-20T10:31:38Z Kipala 107 Kipala alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Msaada:Categories]] hadi [[Msaada:Jamii]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jamii''' ni namna yetu kupanga makala kwa makundi. Ukiweka matini <nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki> chini kabisa kwenye makala, programu ya MediaWiki itaonyesha jamii hiyo chini ya makala na kuunda "ukurasa wa jamii" Tunapoluta orodha ya makala zote zenye alama hiyo. Kurasa hizi za jamii zinasaidia kuangalia kurasa zinazohusiana. Mara nying makala itakuwa na jamii zaidi ya moja. '''Mfano: Watu'''. Mtu ataingizwa katika jamii za raia wa nchi fulani, jamii ya watu wenye kazi au fani fulani, jamii ya watu waliozaliwa mwaka fulani, kama ameshaaga dunia jamii ya watu waliofariki mwaka fulani. ==Mfumo wa jamii== Jamii zote huunganishwa katika mfumo wa jamii. Mfumo huu unatofautisha jamii za juu na jamii za chini. Ngazi ya juu iko [[Jamii:Jamii Kuu]]; kutoka hapa unaweza kupeleleza kuna nini ndani ya jamii za juu. Mfano utaona jamii ya ngazi ya kwanza "Sayansi", ndani yake iko "Jiografia", ndani yake unapata nchi, mabara, miji na kadhalika Njia nyingine ya kuangalia mfumo ni kwenda [[Maalum:KurasaMaalum|Kurasa maalum]] (kwenye menyu ya kila ukurasa upande wa kushoto) na kuangalia "Orodha za kurasa", halafu kufungua [[Maalum:SafuyaJamii|Mfumo wa Jamii]]. Hapo ukiandika jina la jamii, utaona vijamii chini yake. ==Kuteua jamii== Ukitafsiri makala kutoka Kiingereza, inafaa kuangalia jamii zilizopo kwa Kiingereza. Wakati mwingine utateua jamii kadhaa lakini unaweza pia kutumia jamii zote. Hapo unahitaji kufanya kazi mbili: * '''Kutumia jamii zilizopo:''' kuangalia katika mfumo wa jamii kama jamii husika za Kiswahili ziko, halafu kuziandika chini ya makala kwa umbo la <nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki> * '''Kuunda jamii mpya:''' kama jamii ya Kiswahili haiko, utaanzisha jamii mpya kwa kuweka <nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki> chini yake. ** '''Kuunganisha jamii mpya:''' Hapa unatakiwa kuunganisha jamii mpya kwa ngazi ya juu, labda pia kwa ngazi 2 za juu. Kwa hiyo kama makala yako ni kuhusu mwimbaji wa nchi fulani, na hakuna jamii bado, utaunda kwanza <nowiki>[[Jamii:WAIMBAJI WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki>. Hii utahitaji kuunganisha na <nowiki>[[Jamii:WATU WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki>; kama ile haiko bado, basi unaiunda na kuunganisha na <nowiki>[[Jamii:BCHI FULANI]]</nowiki> . Halafu uangalia pia mfumo wa jamii za fani (kazi), yaani kuunganisha <nowiki>[[Jamii:WAIMBAJI WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki> na <nowiki>[[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi]]</nowiki>. (ndani ya jamii hiyo za nchi kwa nchi unatumia namna ya kupanga A-B-C kwa kuandika <nowiki>[[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|HERUFI YA KWANZA YA NCHI]]</nowiki>. [[Jamii:Msaada]] 0r6a956wpi2zt5vj2nta9zzslz8p478 1243587 1243585 2022-08-20T10:31:51Z Kipala 107 Protected "[[Msaada:Jamii]]" ([Kuhariri=Zuia watumiaji wapya au wale ambao hawajajisajilisha] (bila mwisho) [Kuhamisha=Zuia watumiaji wapya au wale ambao hawajajisajilisha] (bila mwisho)) wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jamii''' ni namna yetu kupanga makala kwa makundi. Ukiweka matini <nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki> chini kabisa kwenye makala, programu ya MediaWiki itaonyesha jamii hiyo chini ya makala na kuunda "ukurasa wa jamii" Tunapoluta orodha ya makala zote zenye alama hiyo. Kurasa hizi za jamii zinasaidia kuangalia kurasa zinazohusiana. Mara nying makala itakuwa na jamii zaidi ya moja. '''Mfano: Watu'''. Mtu ataingizwa katika jamii za raia wa nchi fulani, jamii ya watu wenye kazi au fani fulani, jamii ya watu waliozaliwa mwaka fulani, kama ameshaaga dunia jamii ya watu waliofariki mwaka fulani. ==Mfumo wa jamii== Jamii zote huunganishwa katika mfumo wa jamii. Mfumo huu unatofautisha jamii za juu na jamii za chini. Ngazi ya juu iko [[Jamii:Jamii Kuu]]; kutoka hapa unaweza kupeleleza kuna nini ndani ya jamii za juu. Mfano utaona jamii ya ngazi ya kwanza "Sayansi", ndani yake iko "Jiografia", ndani yake unapata nchi, mabara, miji na kadhalika Njia nyingine ya kuangalia mfumo ni kwenda [[Maalum:KurasaMaalum|Kurasa maalum]] (kwenye menyu ya kila ukurasa upande wa kushoto) na kuangalia "Orodha za kurasa", halafu kufungua [[Maalum:SafuyaJamii|Mfumo wa Jamii]]. Hapo ukiandika jina la jamii, utaona vijamii chini yake. ==Kuteua jamii== Ukitafsiri makala kutoka Kiingereza, inafaa kuangalia jamii zilizopo kwa Kiingereza. Wakati mwingine utateua jamii kadhaa lakini unaweza pia kutumia jamii zote. Hapo unahitaji kufanya kazi mbili: * '''Kutumia jamii zilizopo:''' kuangalia katika mfumo wa jamii kama jamii husika za Kiswahili ziko, halafu kuziandika chini ya makala kwa umbo la <nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki> * '''Kuunda jamii mpya:''' kama jamii ya Kiswahili haiko, utaanzisha jamii mpya kwa kuweka <nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki> chini yake. ** '''Kuunganisha jamii mpya:''' Hapa unatakiwa kuunganisha jamii mpya kwa ngazi ya juu, labda pia kwa ngazi 2 za juu. Kwa hiyo kama makala yako ni kuhusu mwimbaji wa nchi fulani, na hakuna jamii bado, utaunda kwanza <nowiki>[[Jamii:WAIMBAJI WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki>. Hii utahitaji kuunganisha na <nowiki>[[Jamii:WATU WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki>; kama ile haiko bado, basi unaiunda na kuunganisha na <nowiki>[[Jamii:BCHI FULANI]]</nowiki> . Halafu uangalia pia mfumo wa jamii za fani (kazi), yaani kuunganisha <nowiki>[[Jamii:WAIMBAJI WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki> na <nowiki>[[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi]]</nowiki>. (ndani ya jamii hiyo za nchi kwa nchi unatumia namna ya kupanga A-B-C kwa kuandika <nowiki>[[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|HERUFI YA KWANZA YA NCHI]]</nowiki>. [[Jamii:Msaada]] 0r6a956wpi2zt5vj2nta9zzslz8p478 1243588 1243587 2022-08-20T10:33:22Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jamii''' ni namna yetu kupanga makala kwa makundi. Ukiweka matini <nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki> chini kabisa kwenye makala, programu ya MediaWiki itaonyesha jamii hiyo chini ya makala na kuunda "ukurasa wa jamii" Tunapoluta orodha ya makala zote zenye alama hiyo. Kurasa hizi za jamii zinasaidia kuangalia kurasa zinazohusiana. Mara nying makala itakuwa na jamii zaidi ya moja. '''Mfano: Watu'''. Mtu ataingizwa katika jamii za raia wa nchi fulani, jamii ya watu wenye kazi au fani fulani, jamii ya watu waliozaliwa mwaka fulani, kama ameshaaga dunia jamii ya watu waliofariki mwaka fulani. ==Mfumo wa jamii== Jamii zote huunganishwa katika mfumo wa jamii. Mfumo huu unatofautisha jamii za juu na jamii za chini. Ngazi ya juu iko <nowiki>Jamii:Jamii Kuu</nowiki>; kutoka hapa unaweza kupeleleza kuna nini ndani ya jamii za juu. Mfano utaona jamii ya ngazi ya kwanza "Sayansi", ndani yake iko "Jiografia", ndani yake unapata nchi, mabara, miji na kadhalika Njia nyingine ya kuangalia mfumo ni kwenda [[Maalum:KurasaMaalum|Kurasa maalum]] (kwenye menyu ya kila ukurasa upande wa kushoto) na kuangalia "Orodha za kurasa", halafu kufungua [[Maalum:SafuyaJamii|Mfumo wa Jamii]]. Hapo ukiandika jina la jamii, utaona vijamii chini yake. ==Kuteua jamii== Ukitafsiri makala kutoka Kiingereza, inafaa kuangalia jamii zilizopo kwa Kiingereza. Wakati mwingine utateua jamii kadhaa lakini unaweza pia kutumia jamii zote. Hapo unahitaji kufanya kazi mbili: * '''Kutumia jamii zilizopo:''' kuangalia katika mfumo wa jamii kama jamii husika za Kiswahili ziko, halafu kuziandika chini ya makala kwa umbo la <nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki> * '''Kuunda jamii mpya:''' kama jamii ya Kiswahili haiko, utaanzisha jamii mpya kwa kuweka <nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki> chini yake. ** '''Kuunganisha jamii mpya:''' Hapa unatakiwa kuunganisha jamii mpya kwa ngazi ya juu, labda pia kwa ngazi 2 za juu. Kwa hiyo kama makala yako ni kuhusu mwimbaji wa nchi fulani, na hakuna jamii bado, utaunda kwanza <nowiki>[[Jamii:WAIMBAJI WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki>. Hii utahitaji kuunganisha na <nowiki>[[Jamii:WATU WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki>; kama ile haiko bado, basi unaiunda na kuunganisha na <nowiki>[[Jamii:BCHI FULANI]]</nowiki> . Halafu uangalia pia mfumo wa jamii za fani (kazi), yaani kuunganisha <nowiki>[[Jamii:WAIMBAJI WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki> na <nowiki>[[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi]]</nowiki>. (ndani ya jamii hiyo za nchi kwa nchi unatumia namna ya kupanga A-B-C kwa kuandika <nowiki>[[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|HERUFI YA KWANZA YA NCHI]]</nowiki>. [[Jamii:Msaada]] oieuc0nytdk67z0kk146a95fs2qo4qd 1243589 1243588 2022-08-20T10:36:38Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jamii''' ni namna yetu kupanga makala kwa makundi. Ukiweka matini '''<nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki>''' chini kabisa kwenye makala, programu ya MediaWiki itaonyesha jamii hiyo chini ya makala na kuunda "ukurasa wa jamii" Tunapoluta orodha ya makala zote zenye alama hiyo. Kurasa hizi za jamii zinasaidia kuangalia kurasa zinazohusiana. Mara nying makala itakuwa na jamii zaidi ya moja. '''Mfano: Watu'''. Mtu ataingizwa katika jamii za raia wa nchi fulani, jamii ya watu wenye kazi au fani fulani, jamii ya watu waliozaliwa mwaka fulani, kama ameshaaga dunia jamii ya watu waliofariki mwaka fulani. ==Mfumo wa jamii== Jamii zote huunganishwa katika mfumo wa jamii. Mfumo huu unatofautisha jamii za juu na jamii za chini. Ngazi ya juu iko '''Jamii:Jamii Kuu'''; kutoka hapa unaweza kupeleleza kuna nini ndani ya jamii za juu. Mfano utaona jamii ya ngazi ya kwanza "'''Sayansi'''", ndani yake iko "'''Jiografia'''", ndani yake unapata nchi, mabara, miji na kadhalika Njia nyingine ya kuangalia mfumo ni kwenda [[Maalum:KurasaMaalum|Kurasa maalum]] (kwenye menyu ya kila ukurasa upande wa kushoto) na kuangalia "Orodha za kurasa", halafu kufungua [[Maalum:SafuyaJamii|Mfumo wa Jamii]]. Hapo ukiandika jina la jamii, utaona vijamii chini yake. ==Kuteua jamii== Ukitafsiri makala kutoka Kiingereza, inafaa kuangalia jamii zilizopo kwa Kiingereza. Wakati mwingine utateua jamii kadhaa lakini unaweza pia kutumia jamii zote. Hapo unahitaji kufanya kazi mbili: ==== Kutumia jamii zilizopo ==== Angalia katika mfumo wa jamii kama jamii husika za Kiswahili ziko, halafu kuziandika chini ya makala kwa umbo la <nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki> ====Kuunda jamii mpya==== Kama jamii ya Kiswahili haiko bado, utaanzisha jamii mpya kwa kuweka <nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki> chini yake. ====Kuunganisha jamii mpya==== Hapa unatakiwa kuunganisha jamii mpya kwa ngazi ya juu, labda pia kwa ngazi 2 za juu. Kwa hiyo kama makala yako ni kuhusu mwimbaji wa nchi fulani, na hakuna jamii bado, utaunda kwanza <nowiki>[[Jamii:WAIMBAJI WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki>. Hii utahitaji kuunganisha na <nowiki>[[Jamii:WATU WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki>; kama ile haiko bado, basi unaiunda na kuunganisha na <nowiki>[[Jamii:BCHI FULANI]]</nowiki> . Halafu uangalia pia mfumo wa jamii za fani (kazi), yaani kuunganisha <nowiki>[[Jamii:WAIMBAJI WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki> na <nowiki>[[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi]]</nowiki>. (ndani ya jamii hiyo za nchi kwa nchi unatumia namna ya kupanga A-B-C kwa kuandika <nowiki>[[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|HERUFI YA KWANZA YA NCHI]]</nowiki>. [[Jamii:Msaada]] e9n4yyfx26q8r0nbdnnw6avlpurh3s3 1243590 1243589 2022-08-20T10:39:03Z Kipala 107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jamii''' ni namna yetu kupanga makala kwa makundi. Ukiweka matini '''<nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki>''' chini kabisa kwenye makala, programu ya MediaWiki itaonyesha jamii hiyo chini ya makala na kuunda "ukurasa wa jamii" tunapokuta orodha ya makala zote zenye alama hiyo. Kurasa hizi za jamii zinasaidia kuangalia kurasa zinazohusiana. Mara nyingi makala itakuwa na jamii zaidi ya moja. '''Mfano: Watu'''. Mtu ataingizwa katika jamii za raia wa nchi fulani, jamii ya watu wenye kazi au fani fulani, jamii ya watu waliozaliwa mwaka fulani, kama ameshaaga dunia jamii ya watu waliofariki mwaka fulani. ==Mfumo wa jamii== Jamii zote huunganishwa katika mfumo wa jamii. Mfumo huu unatofautisha jamii za juu na jamii za chini. Ngazi ya juu iko '''Jamii:Jamii Kuu'''; kutoka hapa unaweza kupeleleza kuna nini ndani ya jamii za juu. Mfano utaona jamii ya ngazi ya kwanza "'''Sayansi'''", ndani yake iko "'''Jiografia'''", ndani yake unapata nchi, mabara, miji na kadhalika Njia nyingine ya kuangalia mfumo ni kwenda [[Maalum:KurasaMaalum|Kurasa maalum]] (kwenye menyu ya kila ukurasa upande wa kushoto) na kuangalia "Orodha za kurasa", halafu kufungua [[Maalum:SafuyaJamii|Mfumo wa Jamii]]. Hapo ukiandika jina la jamii, utaona vijamii chini yake. ==Kuteua jamii== Ukitafsiri makala kutoka Kiingereza, inafaa kuangalia jamii zilizopo kwa Kiingereza. Wakati mwingine utateua jamii kadhaa lakini unaweza pia kutumia jamii zote. Hapo unahitaji kufanya kazi mbili: ==== Kutumia jamii zilizopo ==== Angalia katika mfumo wa jamii kama jamii husika za Kiswahili ziko, halafu kuziandika chini ya makala kwa umbo la '''<nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki>''' ====Kuunda jamii mpya==== Kama jamii ya Kiswahili haiko bado, utaanzisha jamii mpya kwa kuweka '''<nowiki>[[Jamii:JINA-LA-JAMII]]</nowiki>''' chini yake. ====Kuunganisha jamii mpya==== Hapa unatakiwa kuunganisha jamii mpya kwa ngazi ya juu, labda pia kwa ngazi 2 za juu. Kwa hiyo kama makala yako ni kuhusu mwimbaji wa nchi fulani, na hakuna jamii bado, utaunda kwanza '''<nowiki>[[Jamii:WAIMBAJI WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki>'''. Hii utahitaji kuunganisha na '''<nowiki>[[Jamii:WATU WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki>'''; kama ile haiko bado, basi unaiunda na kuunganisha na '''<nowiki>[[Jamii:NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki>''' . Halafu utangalia pia mfumo wa '''jamii za fani''' (kazi), yaani kuunganisha <nowiki>[[Jamii:WAIMBAJI WA NCHI FULANI]]</nowiki> na '''<nowiki>[[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi]]</nowiki>'''. (ndani ya jamii hiyo za nchi kwa nchi unatumia namna ya kupanga A-B-C kwa kuandika '''<nowiki>[[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|HERUFI YA KWANZA YA NCHI]]</nowiki>'''. [[Jamii:Msaada]] dtnsofp4unnrjkfr8uprl2sxovhzdb8 12 157125 1243586 2022-08-20T10:31:38Z Kipala 107 Kipala alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Msaada:Categories]] hadi [[Msaada:Jamii]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Msaada:Jamii]] 2cxxcmyv8swqb8onugyrjt04z0jgqyn